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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Dec. 31, 2012
Dec. 31, 2011
Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent [Abstract]        
Other Comprehensive Income, Available-For-Sale Securities, Net Unamortized (Gain) Loss Arising During Period, Net of Tax $ 0btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableForSaleSecuritiesNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax $ 0btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableForSaleSecuritiesNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax $ 0btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeAvailableForSaleSecuritiesNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax  
After-tax components of comprehensive income (loss)        
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment, Beginning Balance (70.5)us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax 22.2us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax 3.1us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax  
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax 0us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax 0us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax 0us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax  
Reclassification from other comprehensive income to earnings 0us-gaap_TranslationAdjustmentFunctionalToReportingCurrencyLossGainOnReclassifiedOfEarningsNetOfTax 0us-gaap_TranslationAdjustmentFunctionalToReportingCurrencyLossGainOnReclassifiedOfEarningsNetOfTax 0us-gaap_TranslationAdjustmentFunctionalToReportingCurrencyLossGainOnReclassifiedOfEarningsNetOfTax  
Foreign currency translation adjustment (41.0)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax (92.7)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax 19.1us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax  
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment, Ending Balance (111.5)us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax (70.5)us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax 22.2us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Loss Acturial Loss Associated With Postretirement Plans And Workers Compensation Obligation Net Of Tax (317.5)btu_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossActurialLossAssociatedWithPostretirementPlansAndWorkersCompensationObligationNetOfTax (205.8)btu_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossActurialLossAssociatedWithPostretirementPlansAndWorkersCompensationObligationNetOfTax (411.7)btu_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossActurialLossAssociatedWithPostretirementPlansAndWorkersCompensationObligationNetOfTax (464.9)btu_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossActurialLossAssociatedWithPostretirementPlansAndWorkersCompensationObligationNetOfTax
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Postretirement Plans and Workers' Compensation Obligations, Period Increase Decrease, Net of Tax 0btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPostretirementPlansAndWorkersCompensationObligationsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseNetOfTax 0btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPostretirementPlansAndWorkersCompensationObligationsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseNetOfTax 0btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPostretirementPlansAndWorkersCompensationObligationsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseNetOfTax  
Reclassification from other comprehensive income to earnings 31.0us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIPensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitPlansForNetGainLossNetOfTax 95.0us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIPensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitPlansForNetGainLossNetOfTax 53.2us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIPensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitPlansForNetGainLossNetOfTax  
Current period change (142.7)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeDefinedBenefitPlansNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax 110.9us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeDefinedBenefitPlansNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax 0us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeDefinedBenefitPlansNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax  
Prior Service Cost Associated with Postretirement Plans, Beginning Balance 12.0btu_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPriorServiceCostCreditArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax 12.7btu_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPriorServiceCostCreditArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax (9.6)btu_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPriorServiceCostCreditArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax  
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Prior Service Cost Associated with Postretirement Plans, Period Increase Decrease, Net of Tax 0btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPriorServiceCostAssociatedWithPostretirementPlansPeriodIncreaseDecreaseNetOfTax 0btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPriorServiceCostAssociatedWithPostretirementPlansPeriodIncreaseDecreaseNetOfTax 0btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPriorServiceCostAssociatedWithPostretirementPlansPeriodIncreaseDecreaseNetOfTax  
Reclassification from other comprehensive income to earnings 1.7us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAmortizationAdjustmentFromAOCIPensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitPlansForNetPriorServiceCostCreditNetOfTax 0.7us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAmortizationAdjustmentFromAOCIPensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitPlansForNetPriorServiceCostCreditNetOfTax 2.2us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAmortizationAdjustmentFromAOCIPensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitPlansForNetPriorServiceCostCreditNetOfTax  
Current period change 11.4us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFutureAmortizationOfPriorServiceCostCredit (1.4)us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFutureAmortizationOfPriorServiceCostCredit 20.1us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanFutureAmortizationOfPriorServiceCostCredit  
Prior Service Cost Associated with Postretirement Plans, Ending Balance 25.1btu_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPriorServiceCostCreditArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax 12.0btu_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPriorServiceCostCreditArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax 12.7btu_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPriorServiceCostCreditArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax  
Cash Flow Hedges, Beginning Balance (155.7)us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossCumulativeChangesInNetGainLossFromCashFlowHedgesEffectNetOfTax 387.5us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossCumulativeChangesInNetGainLossFromCashFlowHedgesEffectNetOfTax 335.7us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossCumulativeChangesInNetGainLossFromCashFlowHedgesEffectNetOfTax  
Increase in fair value of cash flow hedges, net of tax (195.0)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedGainLossOnDerivativesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax (333.6)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedGainLossOnDerivativesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax 350.4us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeUnrealizedGainLossOnDerivativesArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax  
Reclassification from other comprehensive income to earnings (10.2)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIOnDerivativesNetOfTax (209.6)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIOnDerivativesNetOfTax (298.6)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIOnDerivativesNetOfTax  
Current Period Change 0btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeDerivativesQualifyingAsHedgesNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax 0btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeDerivativesQualifyingAsHedgesNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax 0btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeDerivativesQualifyingAsHedgesNetUnamortizedGainLossArisingDuringPeriodNetOfTax  
Cash Flow Hedges, Ending Balance (360.9)us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossCumulativeChangesInNetGainLossFromCashFlowHedgesEffectNetOfTax (155.7)us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossCumulativeChangesInNetGainLossFromCashFlowHedgesEffectNetOfTax 387.5us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossCumulativeChangesInNetGainLossFromCashFlowHedgesEffectNetOfTax  
Available-For-Sale Securities Adjustment, Beginning Balance 0.8us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax 0.3us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax (6.7)us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax  
Unrealized holding losses on available-for-sale securities (3.7)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax (12.3)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax (15.5)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentBeforeReclassificationAdjustmentsNetOfTax  
Reclassification from other comprehensive income to earnings 2.9us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax 12.8us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax 22.5us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesNetOfTax  
Available-For-Sale Securities Adjustment, Ending Balance 0us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax 0.8us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax 0.3us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAvailableForSaleSecuritiesAdjustmentNetOfTax  
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Beginning Balance (764.8)us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax (419.2)us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax 11.0us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax (142.4)us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Net Change in Fair Value of Cash Flow Hedges and Available for Sale Securities (198.7)btu_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveLossNetChangeinFairValueofCashFlowHedgesandAvailableforSaleSecurities (345.9)btu_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveLossNetChangeinFairValueofCashFlowHedgesandAvailableforSaleSecurities 334.9btu_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveLossNetChangeinFairValueofCashFlowHedgesandAvailableforSaleSecurities  
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Reclassification 25.4btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeReclassificationAdjustmentNetOfTax (101.1)btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeReclassificationAdjustmentNetOfTax (220.7)btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeReclassificationAdjustmentNetOfTax  
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Current period change net of tax (172.3)btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossCurrentPeriodChangeNetOfTax 16.8btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossCurrentPeriodChangeNetOfTax 39.2btu_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossCurrentPeriodChangeNetOfTax  
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Ending Balance (764.8)us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax (419.2)us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax 11.0us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax (142.4)us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Cash flow hedges (47.9)us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet [1] 174.3us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet 400.0us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet  
Available-for-sale securities before income taxes (4.7)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesBeforeTax (21.3)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesBeforeTax    
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI for Sale of Securities, Tax 1.8us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax 8.5us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesTax    
Net actuarial loss associated with postretirement health care and life insurance benefits operating costs and expenses [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Net actuarial loss and prior service cost associated with postretirement plans and workers compensation obligations 14.5us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
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24.1us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_PostretirementHealthCareAndLifeInsuranceBenefitsOperatingCostsAndExpensesActuarialLossMember
   
Settlement charges related to the Patriot bankruptcy reorganization [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Net actuarial loss and prior service cost associated with postretirement plans and workers compensation obligations 0us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_SettlementchargesrelatedtothePatriotbankruptcyreorganizationMember
61.3us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
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= btu_SettlementchargesrelatedtothePatriotbankruptcyreorganizationMember
   
Net actuarial loss defined benefit pension plans operating costs and expenses [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Net actuarial loss and prior service cost associated with postretirement plans and workers compensation obligations 24.8us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_DefinedBenefitPensionPlansOperatingCostsAndExpensesActuarialLossMember
54.4us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_DefinedBenefitPensionPlansOperatingCostsAndExpensesActuarialLossMember
   
Net actuarial loss defined benefit pension plans restructuring and pension settlement charges [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Net actuarial loss and prior service cost associated with postretirement plans and workers compensation obligations 8.7us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
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0us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_RestructuringandpensionsettlementchargesMember
   
Net actuarial loss defined benefit pension plans selling and administrative expenses [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Net actuarial loss and prior service cost associated with postretirement plans and workers compensation obligations 5.4us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_DefinedBenefitPensionPlansSellingAndAdministrativeExpensesActuarialLossMember
11.3us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_DefinedBenefitPensionPlansSellingAndAdministrativeExpensesActuarialLossMember
   
Net actuarial loss insignificant items [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Net actuarial loss and prior service cost associated with postretirement plans and workers compensation obligations (4.1)us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_InsignificantItemsActuarialLossMember
1.1us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_InsignificantItemsActuarialLossMember
   
Net actuarial loss associated with postretirement plans and workers compensation obligations total before income taxes [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Net actuarial loss and prior service cost associated with postretirement plans and workers compensation obligations 49.3us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_NetActuarialLossAssociatedWithPostretirementPlansAndWorkersCompensationObligationsTotalBeforeIncomeTaxesMember
152.2us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_NetActuarialLossAssociatedWithPostretirementPlansAndWorkersCompensationObligationsTotalBeforeIncomeTaxesMember
   
Net income tax benefit actuarial loss [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Net actuarial loss and prior service cost associated with postretirement plans and workers compensation obligations (18.3)us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_IncomeTaxProvisionActuarialLossMember
(57.2)us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_IncomeTaxProvisionActuarialLossMember
   
Prior service cost associated with postretirement health care and life insurance benefits operating costs and expenses [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Net actuarial loss and prior service cost associated with postretirement plans and workers compensation obligations 1.3us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_PostretirementHealthCareAndLifeInsuranceBenefitsOperatingCostsAndExpensesPriorServiceCostMember
(1.7)us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_PostretirementHealthCareAndLifeInsuranceBenefitsOperatingCostsAndExpensesPriorServiceCostMember
   
Settlement charges related to the Patriot bankruptcy reorganization prior service cost [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Net actuarial loss and prior service cost associated with postretirement plans and workers compensation obligations 0us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_SettlementchargesrelatedtothePatriotbankruptcyreorganizationpriorservicecostMember
1.9us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_SettlementchargesrelatedtothePatriotbankruptcyreorganizationpriorservicecostMember
   
Prior service cost defined benefit pension plans operating costs and expenses [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Net actuarial loss and prior service cost associated with postretirement plans and workers compensation obligations 1.3us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_DefinedbenefitpensionplanspriorservicecostMember
1.0us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_DefinedbenefitpensionplanspriorservicecostMember
   
Prior service cost associated with postretirement plans before income taxes (provision) [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Net actuarial loss and prior service cost associated with postretirement plans and workers compensation obligations 2.6us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_PriorServiceCostAssociatedWithPostretirementPlansAndWorkersCompensationObligationsTotalBeforeIncomeTaxesMember
1.2us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_PriorServiceCostAssociatedWithPostretirementPlansAndWorkersCompensationObligationsTotalBeforeIncomeTaxesMember
   
Prior service costs associated with postretirement plans income tax benefit [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Net actuarial loss and prior service cost associated with postretirement plans and workers compensation obligations 0.9us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_IncometaxprovisionpriorservicecostMember
0.5us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmountsRecognizedInOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetGainLossBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_IncometaxprovisionpriorservicecostMember
   
Cash flow hedges foreign currency cash flow hedge contracts operating costs and expenses [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Cash flow hedges 27.3us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_ForeignCurrencyCashFlowHedgeContractsOperatingCostsAndExpensesMember
(162.4)us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_ForeignCurrencyCashFlowHedgeContractsOperatingCostsAndExpensesMember
   
Cash flow hedges fuel and explosives commodity swaps operating costs and expenses [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Cash flow hedges 22.3us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_CommoditySwapsOperatingCostsAndExpensesMember
(11.4)us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_CommoditySwapsOperatingCostsAndExpensesMember
   
Cash flow hedges coal trading and commodity futures, swaps and options other revenues [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Cash flow hedges (63.9)us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_CoalTradingOtherRevenuesMember
(130.6)us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_CoalTradingOtherRevenuesMember
   
Cash flow hedges insignificant items [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Cash flow hedges 0.4us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_InsignificantItemsCashFlowHedgesMember
0.5us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_InsignificantItemsCashFlowHedgesMember
   
Cash flow hedges total before income taxes [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Cash flow hedges (13.9)us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_TotalBeforeIncomeTaxesCashFlowHedgesMember
(303.9)us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_TotalBeforeIncomeTaxesCashFlowHedgesMember
   
Cash flows hedges income tax provision [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Cash flow hedges (3.7)us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_IncomeTaxProvisionCashFlowHedgesMember
(94.3)us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsGainLossReclassifiedFromAccumulatedOCIIntoIncomeEffectivePortionNet
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_IncomeTaxProvisionCashFlowHedgesMember
   
Available-for-sale securities debt securities interest income [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Available-for-sale securities before income taxes 0us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_DebtSecuritiesInterestIncomeMember
0.2us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_DebtSecuritiesInterestIncomeMember
   
Available-for-sale securities equity securities asset impairment and mine closure costs [Member]        
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans, before Tax [Abstract]        
Available-for-sale securities before income taxes $ (4.7)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_EquitySecuritiesAssetImpairmentMember
$ (21.5)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIForSaleOfSecuritiesBeforeTax
/ us-gaap_ReclassificationOutOfAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeAxis
= btu_EquitySecuritiesAssetImpairmentMember
   
[1] Includes the reclassification from "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" into earnings of $136.9 million of previously unrecognized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedge contracts monetized in the fourth quarter of 2012.