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Segment Reporting
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]
15. SEGMENT REPORTING

Subsequent to the acquisition of MPG in 2017, our business was organized into four segments: Driveline, Metal Forming, Powertrain and Casting. In the first quarter of 2019, we reorganized our business to disaggregate our former Powertrain segment, with a portion moving to our Driveline segment and a portion moving to our Metal Forming segment. As a result, our business is now organized into Driveline, Metal Forming and Casting segments, with each representing a reportable segment under ASC 280 Segment Reporting. The Powertrain Sales and Segment Adjusted EBITDA amounts previously reported for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, as well as the Total Assets previously reported for Powertrain as of December 31, 2018, have been reclassified to Driveline and Metal Forming in the tables below.

The results of each segment are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker to assess the performance of the segment and make decisions regarding the allocation of resources to the segments.

Our product offerings by segment are as follows:

•
Driveline products consist primarily of front and rear axles, driveshafts, differential assemblies, clutch modules, balance shaft systems, disconnecting driveline technology, and electric and hybrid driveline products and systems for light trucks, SUVs, crossover vehicles, passenger cars and commercial vehicles;
•
Metal Forming products consist primarily of axle and transmission shafts, ring and pinion gears, differential gears and assemblies, connecting rods and variable valve timing products for Original Equipment Manufacturers and Tier 1 automotive suppliers; and
•
Casting products consist primarily of both thin wall castings and high strength ductile iron castings, as well as transmission pump bodies, steering knuckles, control arms, brake anchors and calipers, and ball joint housings for the global light vehicle, commercial and industrial markets.

We use Segment Adjusted EBITDA as the measure of earnings to assess the performance of each segment and determine the resources to be allocated to the segments. We define EBITDA to be earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA for our reportable segments excluding the impact of restructuring and acquisition-related costs, debt refinancing and redemption costs, gain on the sale of a business, goodwill impairments and non-recurring items.

The following tables represent information by reportable segment for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in millions):


Three Months Ended June 30, 2019


Driveline

Metal Forming

Casting

Total
Sales

$
1,141.1


$
484.2


$
220.7


$
1,846.0

Less: intersegment sales

1.1


106.8


33.8


141.7

Net external sales
 
$
1,140.0


$
377.4


$
186.9

 
$
1,704.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
152.9

 
$
88.0

 
$
25.1

 
$
266.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Three Months Ended June 30, 2018


Driveline

Metal Forming

Casting

Total
Sales

$
1,274.3


$
530.4


$
243.2


$
2,047.9

Less: intersegment sales

1.7


111.8


33.5


147.0

Net external sales
 
$
1,272.6


$
418.6


$
209.7


$
1,900.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
204.3

 
$
116.7

 
$
26.9

 
$
347.9








The following tables represent information by reportable segment for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in millions):
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
 
 
Driveline
 
Metal Forming
 
Casting
 
Total
Sales
 
$
2,275.8

 
$
967.5

 
$
446.0

 
$
3,689.3

Less: intersegment sales
 
2.0

 
202.0

 
61.8

 
265.8

Net external sales
 
$
2,273.8

 
$
765.5

 
$
384.2

 
$
3,423.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
290.1

 
$
173.3

 
$
47.6

 
$
511.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
 
Driveline
 
Metal Forming
 
Casting
 
Total
Sales
 
$
2,490.4

 
$
1,072.7

 
$
482.2

 
$
4,045.3

Less: intersegment sales
 
3.5

 
219.8

 
62.7

 
286.0

Net external sales
 
$
2,486.9

 
$
852.9

 
$
419.5

 
$
3,759.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
394.0

 
$
222.4

 
$
48.5

 
$
664.9


The following table represents total assets by segment as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in millions):
 
 
Driveline
 
Metal Forming
 
Casting
 
Corporate and Elims
 
Total
Total Assets as of June 30, 2019
 
$
3,621.5

 
$
2,657.2

 
$
673.4

 
$
595.8

 
$
7,547.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Assets as of December 31, 2018
 
3,529.2

 
2,723.0

 
664.7

 
593.8

 
7,510.7


The following table represents a reconciliation of Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated income before income taxes for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in millions):

Three Months Ended June 30,

Six Months Ended June 30,

2019

2018

2019

2018
Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA
$
266.0

 
$
347.9

 
$
511.0

 
$
664.9

Interest expense
(56.2
)
 
(54.4
)
 
(109.6
)
 
(107.6
)
Depreciation and amortization
(136.5
)
 
(130.2
)
 
(277.3
)
 
(258.0
)
Restructuring and acquisition-related costs
(12.2
)
 
(36.8
)
 
(24.3
)
 
(55.1
)
Gain on sale of business
—

 
15.5

 
—

 
15.5

Gain on settlement of capital lease
—

 
15.6

 
—

 
15.6

Debt refinancing and redemption costs
(2.4
)
 
(4.3
)
 
(2.4
)
 
(14.6
)
Income before income taxes
$
58.7

 
$
153.3

 
$
97.4

 
$
260.7