Exhibit 99.1

Management’s Discussion and Analysis For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

May 1, 2024

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of the Financial Position and Results of Operations (MD&A) is a responsibility of management and has been reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors. This MD&A has been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Canadian Securities Administrators. The Board of Directors is ultimately responsible for reviewing and approving the MD&A. The Board of Directors carries out this responsibility mainly through its Audit and Risk Management Committee, which is appointed by the Board of Directors and is comprised entirely of independent and financially literate directors.

Throughout this document, CGI Inc. is referred to as “CGI”, “we”, “us”, “our” or “Company”. This MD&A provides information management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of the consolidated results of operations and financial condition of the Company. This document should be read in conjunction with the interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. CGI’s accounting policies are in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). All dollar amounts are in Canadian dollars unless otherwise noted.

MATERIALITY OF DISCLOSURES

This MD&A includes information we believe is material to investors. We consider something to be material if it results in, or would reasonably be expected to result in, a significant change in the market price or value of our shares, or if it is likely that a reasonable investor would consider the information to be important in making an investment decision.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This MD&A contains “forward-looking information” within the meaning of Canadian securities laws and “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other applicable United States safe harbours. All such forward-looking information and statements are made and disclosed in reliance upon the safe harbour provisions of applicable Canadian and United States securities laws. Forward-looking information and statements include all information and statements regarding CGI’s intentions, plans, expectations, beliefs, objectives, future performance, and strategy, as well as any other information or statements that relate to future events or circumstances and which do not directly and exclusively relate to historical facts. Forward-looking information and statements often but not always use words such as “believe”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “anticipate”, “foresee”, “plan”, “predict”, “project”, “aim”, “seek”, “strive”, “potential”, “continue”, “target”, “may”, “might”, “could”, “should”, and similar expressions and variations thereof. These information and statements are based on our perception of historic trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other assumptions, both general and specific, that we believe are appropriate in the circumstances. Such information and statements are, however, by their very nature, subject to inherent risks and uncertainties, of which many are beyond the control of the Company, and which give rise to the possibility that actual results could differ materially from our expectations expressed in, or implied by, such forward-looking information or forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include but are not restricted to: risks related to the market such as the level of business activity of our clients, which is affected by economic and political conditions, additional external risks (such as pandemics, armed conflict, climate-related issues and inflation) and our ability to negotiate new contracts; risks related to our industry such as competition and our ability to develop and expand our services to address emerging business demands and technology trends (such as artificial intelligence), to penetrate new markets, and to protect our intellectual property rights; risks related to our business such as risks associated with our growth strategy, including the integration of new operations, financial and operational risks inherent in worldwide operations, foreign exchange risks, income tax laws and other tax programs, the termination, modification, delay or suspension of our contractual agreements, our expectations regarding future revenue resulting from bookings and backlog, our ability to attract and retain qualified employees, to negotiate favourable contractual terms, to deliver our services and to collect receivables, to disclose, manage and implement environmental, social and governance (ESG) initiatives and standards, and to achieve ESG commitments and targets, including without limitation, our commitment to net-zero carbon emissions, as well as the reputational and financial risks attendant to cybersecurity breaches and other incidents, including through the use of artificial intelligence, and financial risks such as liquidity needs and requirements, maintenance of financial ratios, interest rate

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  1

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

fluctuations and changes in creditworthiness and credit ratings; as well as other risks identified or incorporated by reference in this MD&A and in other documents that we make public, including our filings with the Canadian Securities Administrators (on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca) and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (on EDGAR at www.sec.gov). Unless otherwise stated, the forward-looking information and statements contained in this MD&A are made as of the date hereof and CGI disclaims any intention or obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking information or forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. While we believe that our assumptions on which these forward-looking information and forward-looking statements are based were reasonable as at the date of this MD&A, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking information or statements. Furthermore, readers are reminded that forward-looking information and statements are presented for the sole purpose of assisting investors and others in understanding our objectives, strategic priorities and business outlook as well as our anticipated operating environment. Readers are cautioned that such information may not be appropriate for other purposes. Further information on the risks that could cause our actual results to differ significantly from our current expectations may be found in section 8 - Risk Environment, which is incorporated by reference in this cautionary statement. We also caution readers that the risks described in the previously mentioned section and in other sections of this MD&A are not the only ones that could affect us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial could also have a material adverse effect on our financial position, financial performance, cash flows, business or reputation.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  2

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

KEY PERFORMANCE MEASURES

The reader should note that the Company reports its financial results in accordance with IFRS. However, we use a combination of GAAP, non-GAAP and supplementary financial measures and ratios to assess the Company’s performance. The non-GAAP measures used in this MD&A do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers. These measures should be considered as supplemental in nature and not as a substitute for the related financial information prepared in accordance with IFRS.

The table below summarizes our most relevant key performance measures:

Growth	Revenue prior to foreign currency impact (non-GAAP) – is a measure of revenue before foreign currency translation impacts. This is calculated by translating current period results in local currency using the conversion rates in the equivalent period from the prior year. Given that we have a strong presence globally and are affected by most major international currencies, management believes that it is helpful to adjust revenue to exclude the impact of currency fluctuations to facilitate period-to-period comparisons of business performance and that this measure is useful for investors for the same reason. A reconciliation of the revenue prior to foreign currency impact to its closest IFRS measure can be found in section 3.4. of the present document.
	Constant currency revenue growth (non-GAAP) – is a measure of revenue growth before foreign currency translation impacts. This is calculated by translating current period results in local currency using the conversion rates in the equivalent period from the prior year. Management believes its use of this measure is helpful for investors to facilitate period-to-period comparisons of our business growth.
	Bookings – are new binding contractual agreements including wins, extensions and renewals. In addition, our bookings are comprised of committed spend and estimates from management that are subject to change, including demand-driven usage, such as volume-based and time and material contracts, as well as price indexation and option years. Management evaluates factors such as prices and past history to support its estimates. Management believes that it is a key indicator of the volume of our business over time and potential future revenue and that it is useful trend information to investors for the same reason. Information regarding our bookings is not comparable to, nor should it be substituted for, an analysis of our revenue. Additional information on bookings can be found in section 3.1. of the present document.
	Backlog – includes bookings, backlog acquired through business acquisitions, backlog consumed during the period as a result of client work performed as well as the impact of foreign currencies to our existing contracts. Backlog incorporates estimates from management that are subject to change and are mainly driven from bookings. Backlog is adjusted when there are reductions in contractual commitments, resulting from client decisions, such as contract terminations. Management tracks this measure as it is a key indicator of our best estimate of contracted revenue to be realized in the future and believes that this measure is useful trend information to investors for the same reason.
	Book-to-bill ratio – is a measure of the proportion of the value of our bookings to our revenue in the quarter. This metric allows management to monitor the Company’s business development efforts during the quarter to grow our backlog and our business over time and management believes that this measure is useful for investors for the same reason.
	Book-to-bill ratio trailing twelve months – is a measure of the proportion of the value of our bookings to our revenue over the last trailing twelve-month period as management believes that monitoring the Company’s bookings over a longer period is a more representative measure as the services and contract type, size and timing of bookings could cause this measurement to fluctuate significantly if taken for only a three-month period and as such is useful for investors for the same reason. Management’s objective is to maintain a target ratio greater than 100% over a trailing twelve-month period.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  3

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

Profitability	Specific items – include acquisition-related and integration costs and the cost optimization program. Acquisition-related costs mainly include third-party professional fees incurred to close acquisitions. Integration costs are mainly comprised of expenses due to redundancy of employment and contractual agreements, cancellation of acquired leased premises and costs related to the integration towards the CGI operating model. The cost optimization program mainly includes costs related to termination of employment and vacated leased premises.
	Earnings before income taxes – is a measure of earnings generated for shareholders before income taxes.
	Earnings before income taxes margin – is obtained by dividing our earnings before income taxes by our revenues. Management believes a percentage of revenue measure is meaningful for better comparability from period-to-period.
	Adjusted EBIT (non-GAAP) – is a measure of earnings excluding specific items, net finance costs and income tax expense. Management believes its use of this measure, which excludes items that are non-related to day-to-day operations, such as the impact of specific items, capital structure and income taxes, is helpful to investors to better evaluate the Company’s core operating performance. This measure also allows for better comparability from period-to-period and trend analysis. A reconciliation of the adjusted EBIT to its closest IFRS measure can be found in section 3.6. of the present document.
	Adjusted EBIT margin (non-GAAP) – is obtained by dividing our adjusted EBIT by our revenues. Management believes its use of this measure, which evaluates our core operating performance before specific items, capital structure and income taxes when compared to the growth of our revenues, is relevant to investors for better comparability from period-to-period. This measure demonstrates the Company’s ability to grow in a cost-effective manner, executing on our Build and Buy strategy. A reconciliation of the adjusted EBIT to its closest IFRS measure can be found in section 3.6. of the present document.
	Net earnings – is a measure of earnings generated for shareholders.
	Net earnings margin – is obtained by dividing our net earnings by our revenues. Management believes a percentage of revenue measure is meaningful for better comparability from period-to-period.
	Diluted earnings per share (diluted EPS) – is a measure of net earnings generated for shareholders on a per share basis, assuming all dilutive elements are exercised. Please refer to note 5 of our interim condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on earnings per share.
	Net earnings excluding specific items (non-GAAP) – is a measure of net earnings excluding acquisition-related and integration costs and the cost optimization program. Management believes its use of this measure best demonstrates to investors the net earnings generated from our day-to-day operations by excluding specific items, for better comparability from period-to-period. A reconciliation of the net earnings excluding specific items to its closest IFRS measure can be found in section 3.8.3. of the present document.
	Net earnings margin excluding specific items (non-GAAP) – is obtained by dividing our net earnings excluding specific items by our revenues. Management believes its use of this measure, which evaluates our core operating performance when compared to the growth of our revenues, is relevant to investors to assess their returns and for better comparability from period-to-period. This measure demonstrates the Company’s ability to grow in a cost-effective manner, executing on our Build and Buy strategy. A reconciliation of the net earnings excluding specific items to its closest IFRS measure can be found in section 3.8.3. of the present document.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  4

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

	Diluted earnings per share excluding specific items (non-GAAP) – is defined as the net earnings excluding specific items on a per share basis. Management believes its use of this measure is useful for investors as excluding specific items best reflects the Company’s ongoing operating performance on a per share basis and allows for better comparability from period-to-period. The diluted earnings per share reported in accordance with IFRS can be found in section 3.8. of the present document while the basic and diluted earnings per share excluding specific items can be found in section 3.8.3. of the present document.
	Effective tax rate excluding specific items (non-GAAP) – is obtained by dividing our income tax expense by earnings before income taxes, before specific items. Management believes its use of this measure allows for better comparability from period-to-period of its effective tax rate on its operations, and is useful for investors for the same reason. A reconciliation of the effective tax rate excluding specific items to its closest IFRS measure can be found in section 3.8.3. of the present document.
Liquidity	Cash provided by operating activities – is a measure of cash generated from managing our day-to-day business operations. Management believes strong operating cash flow is indicative of financial flexibility, allowing us to execute the Company’s strategy.
	Cash provided by operating activities as a percentage of revenue – is obtained by dividing our cash provided by operating activities by our revenues. Management believes strong operating cash flow compared to our revenues is a key indicator of our financial flexibility to execute the Company’s growth strategy.
	Days sales outstanding (DSO) – is the average number of days needed to convert our trade receivables and work in progress into cash. DSO is obtained by subtracting deferred revenue from trade accounts receivable and work in progress; the result is divided by our most recent quarter’s revenue over 90 days. Management tracks this metric closely to ensure timely collection and healthy liquidity. Management believes that this measure is useful for investors as it demonstrates the Company’s ability to timely convert its trade receivables and work in progress into cash.
Capital Structure	Net debt (non-GAAP) – is obtained by subtracting from our debt and lease liabilities, our cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, long-term investments and adjusting for fair value of foreign currency derivative financial instruments related to debt. Management believes its use of the net debt metric to monitor the Company’s financial leverage is useful for investors as it provides insight into its financial strength. A reconciliation of net debt to its closest IFRS measure can be found in section 4.5. of the present document.
	Net debt to capitalization ratio (non-GAAP) – is a measure of our level of financial leverage and is obtained by dividing the net debt by the sum of shareholders’ equity and net debt. Management believes its use of the net debt to capitalization ratio is useful for investors as it monitors the proportion of debt versus capital used to finance the Company’s operations.
	Return on invested capital (ROIC) (non-GAAP) – is a measure of the Company’s efficiency at allocating the capital under its control to profitable investments and is calculated as the proportion of the net earnings excluding net finance costs after-tax for the last twelve months, over the last four quarters’ average invested capital, which is defined as the sum of shareholders’ equity and net debt. Management believes its use of this ratio is useful for investors as it assesses how well it is using its capital to generate returns.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  5

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

REPORTING SEGMENTS

The Company is managed through the following nine operating segments: Western and Southern Europe (primarily France, Spain and Portugal); United States (U.S.) Commercial and State Government; Canada; U.S. Federal; Scandinavia and Central Europe (Germany, Sweden and Norway); United Kingdom (U.K.) and Australia; Finland, Poland and Baltics; Northwest and Central-East Europe (primarily Netherlands, Denmark and Czech Republic); and Asia Pacific Global Delivery Centers of Excellence (mainly India and Philippines) (Asia Pacific).

Effective October 1, 2023, as part of the Cost Optimization Program (see section 3.6.2. of the present document), the Company centralized some internal administrative activities under a corporate function, which were previously presented in revenue under the Asia Pacific segment. The Company has restated the Asia Pacific segmented information for the comparative period to conform with this change.

Please refer to sections 3.4. and 3.7. of the present document and to note 10 of our interim condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on our segments.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  6

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

MD&A OBJECTIVES AND CONTENTS

In this document, we:

^· Provide a narrative explanation of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements through the eyes of management;

^· Provide the context within which the interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be analyzed, by giving enhanced disclosure about the dynamics and trends of the Company’s business; and

^· Provide information to assist the reader in ascertaining the likelihood that past performance may be indicative of future performance.

In order to achieve these objectives, this MD&A is presented in the following main sections:

Section	Contents		Pages
1.  Corporate Overview	1.1.	About CGI	9
	1.2.	Vision and Strategy	10
	1.3.	Competitive Environment	10
2.  Highlights and Key Performance Measures	2.1.	Selected Quarterly Information and Key Performance Measures	11
	2.2.	Stock Performance	12
	2.3.	Investment in Subsidiaries	13
3.  Financial Review	3.1.	Bookings and Book-to-Bill Ratio	14
	3.2.	Foreign Exchange	15
	3.3.	Revenue Distribution	16
	3.4.	Revenue by Segment	17
	3.5.	Operating Expenses	21
	3.6.	Earnings Before Income Taxes	22
	3.7.	Adjusted EBIT by Segment	23
	3.8.	Net Earnings and Earnings Per Share	26
4.  Liquidity	4.1.	Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	28
	4.2.	Capital Resources	32
	4.3.	Contractual Obligations	32
	4.4.	Financial Instruments and Hedging Transactions	32
	4.5.	Selected Measures of Capital Resources and Liquidity	33
	4.6.	Guarantees	34
	4.7.	Capability to Deliver Results	34
5.  Changes in Accounting Policies	A summary of accounting standards adopted and future accounting standard changes.		35
6.  Critical Accounting Estimates	A discussion of the critical accounting estimates made in the preparation of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.		37

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

Section	Contents		Pages
7.  Integrity of Disclosure	A discussion of the existence of appropriate information systems, procedures and controls to ensure that information used internally and disclosed externally is complete and reliable.		40
8.  Risk Environment	8.1.	Risks and Uncertainties	41
	8.2.	Legal Proceedings	54

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  8

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

1.  Corporate Overview

1.1. ABOUT CGI

Founded in 1976 and headquartered in Montréal, Canada, CGI is a leading IT and business consulting services firm with approximately 90,000 consultants and professionals worldwide. We use the power of technology to help clients accelerate their holistic digital transformation.

CGI has a people-centered culture, operating where our clients live and work to build trusted relationships and to advance our shared communities. Our consultants and professionals are committed to providing actionable insights that help clients achieve business outcomes. CGI’s global delivery centers complement our proximity-based teams, offering clients added options that deliver scale, innovation and delivery excellence in every engagement.

End-to-end services and solutions

CGI delivers end-to-end services that help clients achieve the highest returns on their digital investments. We call this ROI-led digitization. Our insights-driven end-to-end services and solutions work together to help clients design, implement, run and operate the technology critical to achieving their business strategies. Our portfolio encompasses:

i. Business and strategic IT consulting, and systems integration services: CGI helps clients drive sustainable value in critical consulting areas, including strategy, organization and change management, core operations and technology. Within each of these areas, our consultants also deliver a broad range of business offerings to address client executives’ priorities, including designing and advancing strategies for the responsible use of artificial intelligence (AI), sustainable supply chain management, environmental, social and governance (ESG), mergers and acquisitions, and more. In the area of systems integration, we help clients accelerate the enterprise modernization of their legacy systems and adopt new technologies to drive innovation and deliver real-time and insight-driven customer and citizen services.

ii. Managed IT and business process services: Working as an extension of our clients’ organizations, we take on full or partial responsibility for managing their IT functions, freeing them up to focus on their strategic business direction. Our services enable clients to reinvest, alongside CGI, in the successful execution of their digital transformation roadmaps. We help them increase agility, scalability and resilience; deliver operational efficiencies, innovations and reduced costs; and embed security and data privacy controls. Typical services include: application development, modernization and maintenance; holistic enterprise digitization, automation, hybrid and cloud management; and business process services.

iii. Intellectual property (IP): CGI’s portfolio of IP solutions are highly configurable “business platforms as a service” that are embedded within our end-to-end service offerings and utilize integrated security, data privacy practices, provider-neutral cloud approaches, and advanced AI capabilities to provide immediate benefits to clients. We invest in, and deliver, market-leading IP to drive business outcomes within each of our target industries. We also collaborate with clients to build and evolve IP-based solutions while enabling a higher degree of flexibility and customization for their unique modernization and digitization needs.

Deep industry and technology expertise

CGI has long-standing and focused practices in all of its core industries, providing clients with a partner that is not only an expert in IT, but also an expert in their respective industries. This combination of business knowledge and digital technology expertise allows us to help our clients navigate complex challenges and focus on value creation. In the process, we evolve the services and solutions we deliver within our targeted industries and provide thought leadership, blueprints, frameworks and technical accelerators that help client evolve their ecosystems.

Our targeted industries include financial services (including banking and insurance), government (including space), manufacturing, retail and distribution (including consumer services, transportation and logistics), communications and utilities (including energy and media), and health (including life sciences). To help orchestrate our global posture across these industries, our leaders regularly participate in cabinet meetings and councils to advance the strategies, services and solutions we deliver to our clients.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

Helping clients leverage technology to its fullest

Macro trends such as supply chain reconfiguration, climate change and energy transition, and demographic shifts including aging populations and talent shortages require new business models and ways of working. At the same time, technology is reshaping our future and creating new opportunities.

Accelerating digitization provides the inclusive, economically vibrant, and sustainable future our clients’ customers and citizens demand. Leveraging technology to its fullest helps clients to lead within their industries. Our end-to-end digital services, industry and technology expertise, and operational excellence combine to help clients advance their holistic digital transformation.

Through our proprietary Voice of Our Clients research, we analyzed the characteristics of leading digital organizations and found three common attributes:

^· They have highly agile business models to address digitization and integrate new technology, are better at operating as aligned teams between business and IT, and extend their digital strategy to their external ecosystem.

^· They have been faster in modernizing the entire IT environment - including through automation - while assuring security and data privacy.

^· They are addressing business transformation holistically, including culture change, ecosystem touchpoints, and the integration of sustainability objectives.

Digital leaders across industries seek new ways to evolve their strategy and operational models and use technology and information to improve how they operate, deliver products and services, and create value.

CGI helps clients adopt leading digital attributes and design, manage, protect and evolve their digital value chains to accelerate business outcomes.

Quality processes

Our clients expect consistent service wherever and whenever they engage us. We have an outstanding track record of on-time, within-budget delivery as a result of our commitment to excellence and our robust governance model - CGI’s Management Foundation.

Our Management Foundation provides a common business language, frameworks and practices for managing operations consistently across the globe, driving continuous improvement. We also invest in rigorous quality and service delivery standards including the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) certification programs, as well as a comprehensive Client Satisfaction Assessment Program, with signed client assessments, to ensure high satisfaction on an ongoing basis.

1.2. VISION AND STRATEGY

CGI is unique compared to most companies, as our vision is based on a dream: “To create an environment in which we enjoy working together and, as owners, contribute to building a company we can be proud of.” This dream has motivated us since our founding in 1976 and drives our vision: “To be a global, world-class end-to-end IT and business consulting services leader helping our clients succeed.” For further details, please refer to section 1.2. of CGI’s MD&A for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, which is available on CGI’s website at www.cgi.com and which was filed with Canadian securities regulators on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on EDGAR at www.sec.gov.

1.3. COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT

There have been no significant changes to our competitive environment since the end of Fiscal 2023. For further details, please refer to section 1.3. of CGI’s MD&A for the years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 which is available on CGI’s website at www.cgi.com and which was filed with Canadian securities regulators on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on EDGAR at www.sec.gov.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  10

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

2. Highlights and Key Performance Measures

2.1. SELECTED QUARTERLY INFORMATION & KEY PERFORMANCE MEASURES

As at and for the three months ended	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sept. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sept. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022
In millions of CAD unless otherwise noted
Growth
Revenue	3,740.8	3,603.0	3,507.3	3,623.4	3,715.3	3,450.3	3,247.2	3,258.6
Year-over-year revenue growth	0.7%	4.4%	8.0%	11.2%	13.7%	11.6%	8.0%	7.9%
Constant currency revenue growth	0.0%	1.5%	2.2%	6.3%	11.4%	12.3%	13.9%	11.5%
Backlog1	26,823	26,573	26,059	25,633	25,241	25,011	24,055	23,238
Bookings	3,754	4,187	3,996	4,388	3,839	4,035	3,636	3,410
Book-to-bill ratio	100.4%	116.2%	113.9%	121.1%	103.3%	117.0%	112.0%	104.7%
Book-to-bill ratio trailing twelve months	112.8%	113.6%	113.7%	113.3%	109.1%	108.9%	108.5%	104.9%
Profitability
Earnings before income taxes	577.4	527.1	557.9	559.0	564.5	516.5	485.9	489.0
Earnings before income taxes margin	15.4%	14.6%	15.9%	15.4%	15.2%	15.0%	15.0%	15.0%
Adjusted EBIT2	628.5	584.2	573.0	584.8	600.8	554.1	521.7	519.9
Adjusted EBIT margin	16.8%	16.2%	16.3%	16.1%	16.2%	16.1%	16.1%	16.0%
Net earnings	426.9	389.8	414.5	415.0	419.4	382.4	362.4	364.3
Net earnings margin	11.4%	10.8%	11.8%	11.5%	11.3%	11.1%	11.2%	11.2%
Diluted EPS (in dollars)	1.83	1.67	1.76	1.75	1.76	1.60	1.51	1.51
Net earnings excluding specific items2	459.4	427.2	421.2	425.7	435.0	398.2	373.1	371.2
Net earnings margin excluding specific items	12.3%	11.9%	12.0%	11.7%	11.7%	11.5%	11.5%	11.4%
Diluted EPS excluding specific items (in dollars)2	1.97	1.83	1.79	1.80	1.82	1.66	1.56	1.54
Liquidity
Cash provided by operating activities	502.0	577.2	628.7	409.1	469.1	605.3	488.9	419.2
As a percentage of revenue	13.4%	16.0%	17.9%	11.3%	12.6%	17.5%	15.1%	12.9%
Days sales outstanding	40	41	44	44	41	44	49	48
Capital structure
Long-term debt and lease liabilities3	3,028.9	3,001.1	3,742.3	3,765.9	3,852.7	3,876.4	3,976.2	3,840.1
Net debt2	1,730.5	1,843.7	2,134.6	2,279.6	2,529.0	2,503.8	2,946.9	3,073.0
Net debt to capitalization ratio	16.4%	17.6%	20.4%	21.7%	24.0%	24.1%	28.8%	30.6%
Return on invested capital	15.9%	15.9%	16.0%	15.7%	15.6%	15.5%	15.7%	15.8%
Balance sheet
Cash and cash equivalents, and short-term investments	1,273.0	1,141.0	1,575.6	1,471.9	1,285.5	1,331.1	972.6	784.1
Total assets	15,737.4	15,513.5	15,799.5	16,080.1	16,101.7	15,915.9	15,175.4	14,916.4
Long-term financial liabilities4	2,363.1	2,319.4	2,386.2	2,885.2	2,946.1	2,971.6	3,731.3	3,581.8

¹ Approximately $10.5 billion of our backlog as at March 31, 2024 is expected to be converted into revenue within the next twelve months, $9.2 billion within one to three years, $3.2 billion within three to five years and $3.9 billion in more than five years.

²  Please refer to Adjusted EBIT by Segment, Net Earnings and Earnings per Share Excluding Specific Items and Selected Measures of Capital Resources and Liquidity sections of each quarter’s respective MD&A for the reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

³ Long-term debt and lease liabilities include both the current and long-term portions of the long-term debt and lease liabilities.

⁴ Long-term financial liabilities include the long-term portion of the debt, long-term portion of lease liabilities and the long-term derivative financial instruments.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  11

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

2.2. STOCK PERFORMANCE

2.2.1. Q2 2024 Trading Summary

CGI’s shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) (stock quote – GIB.A) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (stock quote – GIB) and are included in key indices such as the S&P/TSX 60 Index.

TSX	(CAD)	NYSE	(USD)
Open:	140.00	Open:	105.16
High:	160.40	High:	118.89
Low:	135.70	Low:	101.61
Close:	149.44	Close:	110.49
CDN average daily trading volumes1:	487,217	NYSE average daily trading volumes:	135,477

¹  Includes the average daily volumes of both the TSX and alternative trading systems.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  12

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

2.2.2. Normal Course Issuer Bid (NCIB)

On January 30, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized and subsequently received regulatory approval from the TSX for the renewal of its NCIB which allows for the purchase for cancellation of up to 20,457,737 Class A subordinate voting shares (Class A Shares) representing 10% of the Company’s public float as of the close of business on January 23, 2024. Class A Shares may be purchased for cancellation under the NCIB commencing on February 6, 2024 until no later than February 5, 2025, or on such earlier date when the Company has either acquired the maximum number of Class A Shares allowable under the NCIB or elects to terminate the bid.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company purchased for cancellation 1,808,730 Class A Shares under its current NCIB for a total consideration of $270.0 million, at a weighted average price of $149.26. The purchased shares included 1,674,930 Class A Shares purchased for cancellation on February 23, 2024, by way of a private agreement with the Founder and Executive Chairman of the Board of the Company, as well as a wholly-owned holding company, for a total cash consideration of $250.0 million. The 1,674,930 Class A Shares purchased for cancellation on February 23, 2024 included 1,266,366 Class B shares (multiple voting) converted into Class A Shares on February 23, 2024, by a holding company wholly-owned by the Founder and Executive Chairman of the Board of the Company. The repurchase transaction was reviewed and recommended for approval by an independent committee of the Board of Directors of the Company following the receipt of an external opinion regarding the reasonableness of the financial terms of the transaction, and ultimately approved by the Board of Directors. The purchase was made pursuant to an exemption order issued by the Autorité des marchés financiers and is considered within the annual aggregate limit that the Company is entitled to purchase under its current NCIB.

During the six months ended March 31, 2024, the Company purchased for cancellation 2,683,430 Class A Shares for a total consideration of $386.9 million, at a weighted average price of $144.19 under the previous and current NCIB. In addition, the Company paid for and cancelled 68,550 Class A Shares under the previous NCIB for a total consideration of $9.2 million, which were purchased but were neither paid nor cancelled as at September 30, 2023.

As at March 31, 2024, 67,000 Class A Shares purchased for cancellation remain unpaid for $10.0 million and the Company could purchase up to 18,649,007 Class A Shares for cancellation under its current NCIB.

2.2.3. Capital Stock and Options Outstanding

The following table provides a summary of the Capital Stock and Options Outstanding as at April 26, 2024:

Capital Stock and Options Outstanding	As at April 26, 2024
Class A subordinate voting shares		205,743,059
Class B shares (multiple voting)		25,022,758
Options to purchase Class A subordinate voting shares		4,291,281

2.3. INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES

On October 10, 2023, the Company acquired Momentum Consulting Corp., an IT and business consulting firm specializing in digital transformation, data and analytics and managed services, based in the U.S. and headquartered in Miami, Florida for a total purchase price of $54.1 million. The acquisition added approximately 175 professionals to the Company.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  13

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

3. Financial Review

3.1. BOOKINGS AND BOOK-TO-BILL RATIO

Bookings for the quarter were $3.8 billion representing a book-to-bill ratio of 100.4%. The breakdown of the new bookings signed during the quarter is as follows:

Information regarding our bookings is a key indicator of the volume of our business over time. Additional information on bookings can be found in the Key Performance Measures section of the present document. The following table provides a summary of the bookings and book-to-bill ratio by segment:

In thousands of CAD except for percentages	Bookings for the three months ended March 31, 2024		Bookings for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2024		Book-to-bill ratio for the trailing twelve months  ended March 31, 2024
Total CGI		3,754,465		16,325,764	112.8%
Western and Southern Europe		766,530		2,941,341	115.0%
U.S. Commercial and State Government		626,769		2,935,653	117.3%
Canada		592,017		2,555,468	115.2%
U.K. and Australia		496,090		1,642,220	94.1%
Scandinavia and Central Europe		392,046		1,759,978	100.1%
U.S. Federal		359,753		2,675,248	135.8%
Finland, Poland and Baltics		292,649		939,510	105.7%
Northwest and Central-East Europe		228,611		876,346	105.1%

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  14

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

3.2. FOREIGN EXCHANGE

The Company operates globally and is exposed to changes in foreign currency rates. Accordingly, as prescribed by IFRS, we value assets, liabilities and transactions that are measured in foreign currencies using various exchange rates. We report all dollar amounts in Canadian dollars.

Closing foreign exchange rates

As at March 31,	2024		2023		Change
U.S. dollar		1.3533		1.3527		—%
Euro		1.4614		1.4705		(0.6%)
Indian rupee		0.0163		0.0165		(1.2%)
British pound		1.7094		1.6725		2.2%
Swedish krona		0.1266		0.1307		(3.1%)

 Average foreign exchange rates

	For the three months ended March 31,						For the six months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		Change		2024		2023		Change
U.S. dollar		1.3486		1.3527		(0.3%)		1.3554		1.3550		—%
Euro		1.4640		1.4512		0.9%		1.4645		1.4191		3.2%
Indian rupee		0.0162		0.0164		(1.2%)		0.0163		0.0165		(1.2%)
British pound		1.7101		1.6434		4.1%		1.7001		1.6192		5.0%
Swedish krona		0.1298		0.1296		0.2%		0.1288		0.1282		0.5%

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  15

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

3.3. REVENUE DISTRIBUTION

The following charts provide additional information regarding our revenue mix for the quarter:

3.3.1. Client Concentration

IFRS guidance on segment disclosures defines a single customer as a group of entities that are known to the reporting entity to be under common control. As a consequence, our work for the U.S. federal government including its various agencies represented 13.2% of our revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 as compared to 13.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, we generated 13.3% and 13.2%, respectively, of our revenue from the U.S. federal government including its various agencies.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  16

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

3.4. REVENUE BY SEGMENT

Our segments are reported based on where the client’s work is delivered from within our geographic delivery model.

The table below provides a summary of the year-over-year changes in our revenue, in total and by segment before eliminations, separately showing the impacts of foreign currency exchange rate variations between Q2 2024 and Q2 2023. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, revenues by segment were recorded reflecting the actual foreign exchange rates for the respective period. The foreign exchange impact is the difference between the current period’s actual results and the same period’s results converted with the prior year’s foreign exchange rates.

	For the three months ended March 31,								For the six months ended March 31,
	2024			2023		%			2024		2023		%
In thousands of CAD except for percentages
Total CGI revenue		3,740,814			3,715,324		0.7	%		7,343,784		7,165,596		2.5	%
Constant currency revenue growth		0.0%								0.7%
Foreign currency impact		0.7%								1.8%
Variation over previous period		0.7%								2.5%
Western and Southern Europe
Revenue prior to foreign currency impact		676,005			714,474		(5.4	%)		1,292,283		1,342,602		(3.7	%)
Foreign currency impact		6,723								43,500
Western and Southern Europe revenue		682,728			714,474		(4.4	%)		1,335,783		1,342,602		(0.5	%)
U.S. Commercial and State Government
Revenue prior to foreign currency impact		598,667			574,887		4.1	%		1,154,996		1,140,900		1.2	%
Foreign currency impact		(895	)							1,768
U.S. Commercial and State Government revenue		597,772			574,887		4.0	%		1,156,764		1,140,900		1.4	%
Canada
Revenue prior to foreign currency impact		516,600			530,143		(2.6	%)		1,015,592		1,036,516		(2.0	%)
Foreign currency impact		117								329
Canada revenue		516,717			530,143		(2.5	%)		1,015,921		1,036,516		(2.0	%)
U.S. Federal
Revenue prior to foreign currency impact		497,479			489,025		1.7	%		979,239		953,054		2.7	%
Foreign currency impact		(1,200	)							278
U.S. Federal revenue		496,279			489,025		1.5	%		979,517		953,054		2.8	%
Scandinavia and Central Europe
Revenue prior to foreign currency impact		431,323			441,875		(2.4	%)		840,330		840,078		0.0	%
Foreign currency impact		1,778								14,765
Scandinavia and Central Europe revenue		433,101			441,875		(2.0	%)		855,095		840,078		1.8	%
U.K. and Australia
Revenue prior to foreign currency impact		386,957			368,329		5.1	%		737,270		698,276		5.6	%
Foreign currency impact		15,194								36,198
U.K. and Australia revenue		402,151			368,329		9.2	%		773,468		698,276		10.8	%
Finland, Poland and Baltics
Revenue prior to foreign currency impact		213,969			220,646		(3.0	%)		419,981		423,904		(0.9	%)
Foreign currency impact		3,043								15,919
Finland, Poland and Baltics revenue		217,012			220,646		(1.6	%)		435,900		423,904		2.8	%

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  17

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

	For the three months ended March 31,									For the six months ended March 31,
	2024			2023			%			2024		2023		%
In thousands of CAD except for percentages
Northwest and Central-East Europe
Revenue prior to foreign currency impact		205,343			197,105			4.2	%		398,730		375,206		6.3	%
Foreign currency impact		470									11,563
Northwest and Central-East Europe revenue		205,813			197,105			4.4	%		410,293		375,206		9.4	%
Asia Pacific
Revenue prior to foreign currency impact		237,206			225,816			5.0	%		472,397		443,793		6.4	%
Foreign currency impact		(2,991	)								(4,872)
Asia Pacific revenue		234,215			225,816			3.7	%		467,525		443,793		5.3	%
Eliminations		(44,974	)		(46,976	)		(4.3	%)		(86,482)		(88,733)		(2.5	%)

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, revenue was $3,740.8 million, an increase of $25.5 million or 0.7% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue was stable. This was mainly due to organic growth within the government vertical market, including higher IP-based revenues, and a recent business acquisition, mainly offset by lower demand within the financial services and health vertical markets, as well as one less available day to bill.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, revenue was $7,343.8 million, an increase of $178.2 million or 2.5% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by 0.7%. The increase was mainly due to organic growth within the government vertical market, including higher IP-based revenues, as well as a recent business acquisition. This was partially offset by lower demand within the financial services and health vertical markets, as well as less available days to bill.

3.4.1. Western and Southern Europe

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the Western and Southern Europe segment was $682.7 million, a decrease of $31.7 million or 4.4% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased by $38.5 million or 5.4%. The change in revenue was mainly due to lower demand within the financial services vertical market, the successful completion of projects in the prior year within the MRD vertical market and one less available day to bill.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the Western and Southern Europe segment was $1,335.8 million, a decrease of $6.8 million or 0.5% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased by $50.3 million or 3.7%. The change in revenue was mainly due to the same factors identified for the quarter.

On a client geographic basis, the top two Western and Southern Europe vertical markets were MRD and financial services, generating combined revenues of approximately $406 million and $801 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, respectively.

3.4.2. U.S. Commercial and State Government

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the U.S. Commercial and State Government segment was $597.8 million, an increase of $22.9 million or 4.0% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by $23.8 million or 4.1%. The increase in revenue was mainly due to organic growth within most vertical markets, predominantly within the government vertical market, and a recent business acquisition.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the U.S. Commercial and State Government segment was $1,156.8 million, an increase of $15.9 million or 1.4% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by $14.1 million or 1.2%. The increase in revenue was mainly due to organic growth within the government and MRD vertical markets and a recent business acquisition. This was partially offset by lower demand within the health and financial services vertical markets, including higher IP licenses as a percentage of IP revenue in the prior year.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  18

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

On a client geographic basis, the top two U.S. Commercial and State Government vertical markets were financial services and government, generating combined revenues of approximately $381 million and $734 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, respectively.

3.4.3. Canada

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the Canada segment was $516.7 million, a decrease of $13.4 million or 2.5% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased by $13.5 million or 2.6%. The change in revenue was mainly due to lower demand within the financial services and communications and utilities vertical markets and one less available day to bill.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the Canada segment was $1,015.9 million, a decrease of $20.6 million or 2.0% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased by $20.9 million or 2.0%. The change in revenue was mainly due to lower demand within the financial services and communications and utilities vertical markets and one less available day to bill, partially offset by organic growth within the government vertical market.

On a client geographic basis, the top two Canada vertical markets were financial services and communications and utilities, generating combined revenues of approximately $344 million and $679 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, respectively.

3.4.4. U.S. Federal

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the U.S. Federal segment was $496.3 million, an increase of $7.3 million or 1.5% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by $8.5 million or 1.7%. The increase in revenue was mainly due to organic growth in managed services engagements, including IP-based revenues.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the U.S. Federal segment was $979.5 million, an increase of $26.5 million or 2.8% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by $26.2 million or 2.7%. The increase in revenue was mainly due to the same factor identified for the quarter.

For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, 91% of revenues within the U.S. Federal segment were for federal civilian-based agencies for both periods.

3.4.5. Scandinavia and Central Europe

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the Scandinavia and Central Europe segment was $433.1 million, a decrease of $8.8 million or 2.0% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased by $10.6 million or 2.4%. The change in revenue was mainly driven by lower demand within the communications and utilities and MRD vertical markets and one less available day to bill. This was partially offset by organic growth on IP-based revenues, predominantly within the government vertical market.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the Scandinavia and Central Europe segment was $855.1 million, an increase of $15.0 million or 1.8% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue was stable. This was mainly driven by organic growth on IP-based revenues, predominantly within the government vertical market, offset by lower demand within the communications and utilities and MRD vertical markets and two less available days to bill.

On a client geographic basis, the top two Scandinavia and Central Europe vertical markets were MRD and government, generating combined revenues of approximately $318 million and $626 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, respectively.

3.4.6. U.K. and Australia

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the U.K. and Australia segment was $402.2 million, an increase of $33.8 million or 9.2% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by $18.6 million or 5.1%. The increase in revenue was mainly due to organic growth across most vertical markets, predominantly within the government vertical market. This was partially offset by lower demand within the financial services vertical market and one less available day to bill.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  19

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the U.K. and Australia segment was $773.5 million, an increase of $75.2 million or 10.8% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by $39.0 million or 5.6%. The increase in revenue was mainly due to the same factors identified for the quarter.

On a client geographic basis, the top two U.K. and Australia vertical markets were government and communications and utilities, generating combined revenues of $346 million and $665 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, respectively.

3.4.7. Finland, Poland and Baltics

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the Finland, Poland and Baltics segment was $217.0 million, a decrease of $3.6 million or 1.6% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased by $6.7 million or 3.0%. The change in revenue was mainly due to the successful completion of IP integration projects in the prior year within the health vertical market and one less available day to bill. This was partially offset by organic growth within the financial services vertical market.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the Finland, Poland and Baltics segment was $435.9 million, an increase of $12.0 million or 2.8% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue decreased by $3.9 million or 0.9%. The change in revenue was mainly due to the successful completion of IP integration projects in the prior year within the health vertical market and two less available days to bill. This was partially offset by organic growth within the financial services and government vertical markets.

On a client geographic basis, the top two Finland, Poland and Baltics vertical markets were financial services and MRD, generating combined revenues of approximately $126 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. For the six months ended March 31, 2024, the top two Finland, Poland and Baltics vertical markets were financial services and government, generating combined revenues of approximately $251 million.

3.4.8. Northwest and Central-East Europe

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the Northwest and Central-East Europe segment was $205.8 million, an increase of $8.7 million or 4.4% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by $8.2 million or 4.2%. The increase in revenue was mainly due to organic growth across most vertical markets. This was partially offset by one less available day to bill.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the Northwest and Central-East Europe segment was $410.3 million, an increase of $35.1 million or 9.4% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by $23.5 million or 6.3%. The increase in revenue was mainly due to organic growth across most vertical markets and a favourable client contract settlement. This was partially offset by two less available days to bill.

On a client geographic basis, the top two Northwest and Central-East Europe vertical markets were MRD and government, generating combined revenues of approximately $134 million and $266 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, respectively.

3.4.9. Asia Pacific

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the Asia Pacific segment was $234.2 million, an increase of $8.4 million or 3.7% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by $11.4 million or 5.0%. The increase in revenue was mainly driven by the ramp up of new managed services contracts across most commercial vertical markets. This was partially offset by one less available day to bill.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, revenue in the Asia Pacific segment was $467.5 million, an increase of $23.7 million or 5.3% over the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, revenue increased by $28.6 million or 6.4%. The increase in revenue was mainly due to the same factors identified for the quarter.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  20

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

3.5. OPERATING EXPENSES

	For the three months ended March 31,						For the six months ended March 31,
	2024		% of      revenue	2023		% of      revenue	2024		% of      revenue	2023			% of      revenue
In thousands of CAD except for percentages
Costs of services, selling and administrative		3,110,185	83.1%		3,113,317	83.8%		6,129,300	83.5%		6,012,925		83.9%
Foreign exchange loss (gain)		2,174	0.1%		1,239	—%		1,796	—%		(2,210	)	—%

3.5.1. Costs of Services, Selling and Administrative

Costs of services include the costs of serving our clients, which mainly consist of salaries, performance based compensation and other direct costs, including travel expenses, net of tax credits. These also mainly include professional fees and other contracted labour costs, as well as hardware, software and delivery center related costs.

Costs of selling and administrative mainly include salaries, performance based compensation, office space, internal solutions, business development related costs such as travel expenses, and other administrative and management costs.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, costs of services, selling and administrative expenses amounted to $3,110.2 million, a decrease of $3.1 million when compared to the same period last year. As a percentage of revenue, costs of services, selling and administrative expenses decreased to 83.1% from 83.8%.

As a percentage of revenue, costs of services remained essentially stable compared to the same period last year, mainly due to profitable organic growth within the government vertical market, including higher IP-based revenues and lower performance based compensation accruals. This was offset by one less available day to bill and an impairment taken on a business solution in the U.S. Commercial and State Government segment.

As a percentage of revenue, costs of selling and administrative decreased compared to the same period last year, mainly due to savings generated from the Cost Optimization Program (see section 3.6.2. of the present document) and lower performance based compensation accruals.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, costs of services, selling and administrative expenses amounted to $6,129.3 million, an increase of $116.4 million when compared to the same period last year. As a percentage of revenue, costs of services, selling and administrative expenses decreased to 83.5% from 83.9%.

As a percentage of revenue, costs of services increased compared to the same period last year, mainly due to less available days to bill and higher employee medical costs, which was partially offset by profitable organic growth within the government vertical market.

As a percentage of revenue, costs of selling and administrative decreased compared to the same period last year, mainly due to the same factors identified for the quarter.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the translation of the results of our foreign operations from their local currencies to the Canadian dollar unfavourably impacted costs by $17.9 million, which was offset by the favourable translation impact of $25.8 million on our revenue.

During the six months ended March 31, 2024, the translation of the results of our foreign operations from their local currencies to the Canadian dollar unfavourably impacted costs by $97.4 million, which was offset by the favourable translation impact of $126.4 million on our revenue.

3.5.2. Foreign Exchange Loss

During the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, CGI incurred $2.2 million and $1.8 million of foreign exchange losses, respectively, mainly driven by the timing of payments combined with the volatility of foreign exchange rates. The Company, in addition to its natural hedges, uses derivatives as a strategy to manage its exposure, to the extent possible.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  21

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

3.6. EARNINGS BEFORE INCOME TAXES

The following table provides a reconciliation between our earnings before income taxes, which is reported in accordance with IFRS, and adjusted EBIT:

	For the three months ended March 31,								For the six months ended March 31,
	2024		% of      revenue		2023		% of      revenue		2024		% of      revenue		2023		% of      revenue
In thousands of CAD except for percentage
Earnings before income taxes		577,437		15.4%		564,457		15.2%		1,104,572		15.0%		1,081,005		15.1%
Plus the following items:
Acquisition-related and integration costs		145		—%		20,945		0.6%		2,323		—%		40,369		0.6%
Cost optimization program		43,401		1.2%		—		—%		91,063		1.2%		—		—%
Net finance costs		7,472		0.2%		15,366		0.4%		14,730		0.2%		33,507		0.5%
Adjusted EBIT		628,455		16.8%		600,768		16.2%		1,212,688		16.5%		1,154,881		16.1%

3.6.1. Acquisition-Related and Integration Costs

For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, the Company incurred $0.1 million and $2.3 million, respectively, of business acquisition-related and integration costs for the integration towards the CGI operating model.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, these costs were mainly related to costs of rationalizing the redundancy of employment. For the same period last year, these costs were mainly related to costs of rationalizing the redundancy of employment for $8.1 million and vacating leased premises for $7.8 million.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, these costs were mainly related to vacating leased premises for $0.8 million and costs of rationalizing the redundancy of employment for $0.3 million. For the same period last year, these costs were mainly related to vacating leased premises for $9.1 million and costs of rationalizing the redundancy of employment for $15.4 million.

3.6.2. Cost Optimization Program

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company initiated a cost optimization program (Cost Optimization Program) to accelerate actions to improve operational efficiencies, including the increased use of automation and global delivery, and to rightsize its global real estate portfolio.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, $43.4 million was expensed, which includes costs for terminations of employment of $38.3 million and costs of vacating leased premises of $5.1 million. For the six months ended March 31, 2024, $91.1 million was expensed, which includes costs for terminations of employment of $69.5 million and costs of vacating leased premises of $21.6 million.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company completed the Cost Optimization Program for a total cost of $100.0 million.

3.6.3. Net Finance Costs

Net finance costs mainly include interest on our long-term debt, lease liabilities and financial assets. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, the net finance costs decreased by $7.9 million and $18.8 million, respectively, mainly due to additional interest income from our financial assets and by the scheduled repayment in full in December 2023 of the unsecured committed term loan credit facility.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  22

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

3.7. ADJUSTED EBIT BY SEGMENT

	For the three months ended March 31,							For the six months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		Change			2024		2023		Change
In thousands of CAD except for percentages
Western and Southern Europe		104,289		119,328		(12.6	%)		190,959		196,732		(2.9	%)
As a percentage of segment revenue		15.3%		16.7%					14.3%		14.7%
U.S. Commercial and State Government		79,551		64,135		24.0	%		149,928		146,417		2.4	%
As a percentage of segment revenue		13.3%		11.2%					13.0%		12.8%
Canada		122,032		115,272		5.9	%		242,131		234,274		3.4	%
As a percentage of segment revenue		23.6%		21.7%					23.8%		22.6%
U.S. Federal		75,207		71,865		4.7	%		145,145		145,010		0.1	%
As a percentage of segment revenue		15.2%		14.7%					14.8%		15.2%
Scandinavia and Central Europe		48,997		46,500		5.4	%		86,766		77,607		11.8	%
As a percentage of segment revenue		11.3%		10.5%					10.1%		9.2%
U.K. and Australia		64,458		55,253		16.7	%		127,049		100,353		26.6	%
As a percentage of segment revenue		16.0%		15.0%					16.4%		14.4%
Finland, Poland and Baltics		30,595		31,242		(2.1	%)		57,620		60,460		(4.7	%)
As a percentage of segment revenue		14.1%		14.2%					13.2%		14.3%
Northwest and Central East-Europe		30,821		26,376		16.9	%		64,725		52,242		23.9	%
As a percentage of segment revenue		15.0%		13.4%					15.8%		13.9%
Asia Pacific		72,505		70,797		2.4	%		148,365		141,786		4.6	%
As a percentage of segment revenue		31.0%		31.4%					31.7%		31.9%
Adjusted EBIT		628,455		600,768		4.6	%		1,212,688		1,154,881		5.0	%
Adjusted EBIT margin		16.8%		16.2%					16.5%		16.1%

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT for the quarter was $628.5 million, an increase of $27.7 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin increased to 16.8% from 16.2% when compared to the same period last year. The increase in adjusted EBIT margin was mainly due to profitable organic growth within the government vertical market, including higher IP-based revenues, savings generated from the Cost Optimization Program and lower performance based compensation accruals. This was partially offset by one less available day to bill and an impairment taken on a business solution in the U.S. Commercial and State Government segment.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT for the quarter was $1,212.7 million, an increase of $57.8 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin increased to 16.5% from 16.1% when compared to the same period last year. The increase in adjusted EBIT margin was mainly due to profitable organic growth within the government vertical market, including higher IP-based revenues, savings generated from the Cost Optimization Program and lower performance based compensation accruals. This was offset by less available days to bill and higher employee medical costs.

3.7.1. Western and Southern Europe

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the Western and Southern Europe segment was $104.3 million, a decrease of $15.0 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin decreased to 15.3% from 16.7%. The change in adjusted EBIT margin is mainly due to one less available day to bill, less qualified tax credits and the retroactive impact of a new fringe benefit legislation in France. This was partially offset by lower performance based compensation accruals and savings generated from the Cost Optimization Program.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  23

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the Western and Southern Europe segment was $191.0 million, a decrease of $5.8 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin decreased to 14.3% from 14.7%. The change in adjusted EBIT margin was mostly due to the same factors identified for the quarter.

3.7.2. U.S. Commercial and State Government

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the U.S. Commercial and State Government segment was $79.6 million, an increase of $15.4 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin increased to 13.3% from 11.2%. The increase in adjusted EBIT margin was mainly due to profitable organic growth within most vertical markets, lower performance based compensation accruals and savings generated from the Cost Optimization Program. This was partially offset by an impairment taken on a business solution and higher employee medical costs.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the U.S. Commercial and State Government segment was $149.9 million, an increase of $3.5 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin increased to 13.0% from 12.8%. The increase in adjusted EBIT margin was mainly due to the same factors identified for the quarter, partially offset by lower IP licenses as a percentage of IP revenue within the financial services vertical market.

3.7.3. Canada

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the Canada segment was $122.0 million, an increase of $6.8 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin increased to 23.6% from 21.7%. The increase in adjusted EBIT margin was mainly due to the savings generated from the Cost Optimization Program, partially offset by one less available day to bill.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the Canada segment was $242.1 million, an increase of $7.9 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin increased to 23.8% from 22.6%. The increase in adjusted EBIT margin was mainly due to the savings generated from the Cost Optimization Program and profitable growth within the government vertical market, partially offset by one less available day to bill.

3.7.4. U.S. Federal

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the U.S. Federal segment was $75.2 million, an increase of $3.3 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin increased to 15.2% from 14.7%. The increase in adjusted EBIT margin was primarily due to profitable organic growth in managed services engagements and savings generated from the Cost Optimization Program. This was partially offset by higher employee medical costs.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the U.S. Federal segment was $145.1 million, an increase of $0.1 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin decreased to 14.8% from 15.2%. The change in adjusted EBIT margin was primarily due to higher employee medical costs, partially offset by savings generated from the Cost Optimization Program.

3.7.5. Scandinavia and Central Europe

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the Scandinavia and Central Europe segment was $49.0 million, an increase of $2.5 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin increased to 11.3% from 10.5%. The increase in adjusted EBIT margin was primarily due to profitable organic growth on IP-based revenues within the government vertical market, as well as savings generated from the Cost Optimization Program. This was partially offset by one less available day to bill.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the Scandinavia and Central Europe segment was $86.8 million, an increase of $9.2 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin increased to 10.1% from 9.2%. The increase in adjusted EBIT margin was primarily due to profitable organic growth on IP-based revenues within the government vertical market, as well as savings generated from the Cost Optimization Program. This was partially offset by two less available days to bill.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  24

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

3.7.6. U.K. and Australia

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the U.K. and Australia segment was $64.5 million, an increase of $9.2 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin increased to 16.0% from 15.0%. The increase in adjusted EBIT margin was primarily due to profitable organic growth within most vertical markets, predominantly within the government and communication and utilities vertical markets. This was partially offset by one less available day to bill.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the U.K. and Australia segment was $127.0 million, an increase of $26.7 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin increased to 16.4% from 14.4%. The increase in adjusted EBIT margin was primarily due to profitable organic growth within most vertical markets, predominantly within the government and communication and utilities vertical markets, as well as a favourable impact from a settlement with a supplier. This was partially offset by one less available day to bill.

3.7.7. Finland, Poland and Baltics

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the Finland, Poland and Baltics segment was $30.6 million, a decrease of $0.6 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin decreased to 14.1% from 14.2%. The change in adjusted EBIT margin was mainly due to successful completion of IP integration projects in the prior year within the health vertical market and one less available day to bill. This was partially offset by lower performance based compensation accruals, savings generated from the Cost Optimization Program and profitable organic growth within the financial services vertical market.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the Finland, Poland and Baltics segment was $57.6 million, a decrease of $2.8 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin decreased to 13.2% from 14.3%. The change in adjusted EBIT margin was mainly due to successful completion of IP integration projects in the prior year within the health vertical market and two less available days to bill. This was partially offset by profitable organic growth within the financial services vertical market and savings generated from the Cost Optimization Program.

3.7.8. Northwest and Central-East Europe

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the Northwest and Central-East Europe segment was $30.8 million, an increase of $4.4 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin increased to 15.0% from 13.4%. The increase in adjusted EBIT margin was mainly due to organic growth across most vertical markets and savings generated from the Cost Optimization Program. This was partially offset by one less available day to bill.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the Northwest and Central-East Europe segment was $64.7 million, an increase of $12.5 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin increased to 15.8% from 13.9%. The increase in adjusted EBIT margin was mainly due to organic growth across most vertical markets, savings generated from the Cost Optimization Program and a favourable client contract settlement. This was partially offset by two less available days to bill.

3.7.9. Asia Pacific

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the Asia Pacific segment was $72.5 million, an increase of $1.7 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin decreased to 31.0% from 31.4%. The change in adjusted EBIT margin was mainly due to one less available day to bill.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, adjusted EBIT in the Asia Pacific segment was $148.4 million, an increase of $6.6 million when compared to the same period last year. Adjusted EBIT margin decreased to 31.7% from 31.9%. The change in adjusted EBIT margin was mainly due to the same factor identified for the quarter.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  25

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

3.8. NET EARNINGS AND EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets out the information supporting the earnings per share calculations:

	For the three months ended March 31,						For the six months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		Change		2024		2023	Change
In thousands of CAD except for percentage and shares data
Earnings before income taxes		577,437		564,457		2.3%		1,104,572	1,081,005	2.2%
Income tax expense		150,565		145,042		3.8%		287,904	279,211	3.1%
Effective tax rate		26.1%		25.7%				26.1%	25.8%
Net earnings		426,872		419,415		1.8%		816,668	801,794	1.9%
Net earnings margin		11.4%		11.3%				11.1%	11.2%
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Class A subordinate voting shares and Class B shares (multiple voting) (basic)		229,602,790		235,042,445		(2.3%)		229,952,633	235,590,459	(2.4%)
Class A subordinate voting shares and Class B shares (multiple voting) (diluted)		233,264,256		238,504,523		(2.2%)		233,612,683	238,998,951	(2.3%)
Earnings per share (in dollars)
Basic		1.86		1.78		4.5%		3.55	3.40	4.4%
Diluted		1.83		1.76		4.0%		3.50	3.35	4.5%

3.8.1. Income Tax Expense

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, income tax expense was $150.6 million compared to $145.0 million over the same period last year and our effective tax rate increased to 26.1% from 25.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. When excluding tax effects from acquisition-related and integration costs and the Cost Optimization Program, the effective tax rate increased to 26.0% from 25.7%. In both cases, the increase is mainly attributable to the increase in the U.K. statutory tax rate.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, income tax expense was $287.9 million compared to $279.2 million over the same period last year and our effective tax rate increased to 26.1% from 25.8% for the six months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the six months ended March 31, 2023. When excluding tax effects from acquisition-related and integration costs and the Cost Optimization Program, the effective tax rate increased to 26.0% from 25.7%. In both cases, the increase is mainly attributable to the same factor identified for the quarter.

The table in section 3.8.3. shows the year-over-year comparison of the tax rate with the impact of specific items removed.

Based on the enacted rates at the end of Fiscal 2023 and our current profitability mix, we expect our effective tax rate before specific items to be in the range of 25.0% to 26.5% in subsequent periods.

3.8.2. Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding

For Q2 2024, CGI’s basic and diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding decreased compared to Q2 2023 due to the impact of the purchase for cancellation of Class A Shares, partially offset by the exercise of stock options. The table in section 3.8.3. shows the year-over-year comparison of the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Please refer to note 5 of our interim condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  26

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

3.8.3. Net Earnings and Earnings per Share Excluding Specific Items

Below is a table showing the year-over-year comparison excluding specific items, namely acquisition-related and integration costs and the Cost Optimization Program.

	For the three months ended March 31,						For the six months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		Change		2024		2023		Change
In thousands of CAD except for percentages and shares data
Earnings before income taxes		577,437		564,457		2.3%		1,104,572		1,081,005		2.2%
Add back:
Acquisition-related and integration costs		145		20,945		(99.3%)		2,323		40,369		(94.2%)
Cost optimization program		43,401		—		—%		91,063		—		—%
Earnings before income taxes excluding specific items		620,983		585,402		6.1%		1,197,958		1,121,374		6.8%
Income tax expense		150,565		145,042		3.8%		287,904		279,211		3.1%
Effective tax rate		26.1%		25.7%				26.1%		25.8%
Add back:
Tax deduction on acquisition-related and integration costs		31		5,406		(99.4%)		464		8,982		(94.8%)
Impact on effective tax rate		—%		—%				—%		(0.1%)
Tax deduction on cost optimization program		10,986		—		—%		22,956		—		—%
Impact on effective tax rate		(0.1%)		—%				(0.1%)		—%
Income tax expense excluding specific items		161,582		150,448		7.4%		311,324		288,193		8.0%
Effective tax rate excluding specific items		26.0%		25.7%				26.0%		25.7%
Net earnings excluding specific items		459,401		434,954		5.6%		886,634		833,181		6.4%
Net earnings margin excluding specific items		12.3%		11.7%				12.1%		11.6%
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Class A subordinate voting shares and Class B shares (multiple voting) (basic)		229,602,790		235,042,445		(2.3%)		229,952,633		235,590,459		(2.4%)
Class A subordinate voting shares and Class B shares (multiple voting) (diluted)		233,264,256		238,504,523		(2.2%)		233,612,683		238,998,951		(2.3%)
Earnings per share excluding specific items (in dollars)
Basic		2.00		1.85		8.1%		3.86		3.54		9.0%
Diluted		1.97		1.82		8.2%		3.80		3.49		8.9%

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  27

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

4. Liquidity

4.1. INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

CGI’s growth is financed through a combination of cash flow from operations, drawing on our unsecured committed revolving credit facility, the issuance of long-term debt, and the issuance of equity. One of our financial priorities is to maintain an optimal level of liquidity through the active management of our assets and liabilities as well as our cash flows.

As at March 31, 2024, cash and cash equivalents were $1,266.9 million. Cash included in funds held for clients was $300.8 million. The following table provides a summary of the generation and use of cash and cash equivalents for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

	For the three months ended March 31,						For the six months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		Change		2024		2023		Change
In thousands of CAD
Cash provided by operating activities		502,025		469,131		32,894		1,079,197		1,074,405		4,792
Cash used in investing activities		(88,211)		(99,071)		10,860		(237,044)		(290,043)		52,999
Cash used in financing activities		(373,982)		(366,034)		(7,948)		(1,119,878)		(475,159)		(644,719)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and cash included in funds held for clients		20,041		9,823		10,218		7,309		43,309		(36,000)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and cash included in funds held for clients		59,873		13,849		46,024		(270,416)		352,512		(622,928)

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  28

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

4.1.1. Cash Provided by Operating Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash provided by operating activities was $502.0 million or 13.4% of revenue compared to $469.1 million or 12.6% of revenue for the same period last year. For the six months ended March 31, 2024, cash provided by operating activities was $1,079.2 million or 14.7% of revenue compared to $1,074.4 million or 15.0% of revenue for the same period last year.

The cash provided by operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was mainly generated by net earnings before amortization, depreciation and impairment, collection of tax credits and an improvement in our DSO. This was partially offset by the timing of tax instalment payments, as well as payments of performance based compensation.

The cash provided by operating activities during the six months ended March 31, 2024 was mainly due to the same factors identified for the quarter.

The following table provides a summary of the generation and use of cash from operating activities:

	For the three months ended March 31,						For the six months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		Change		2024		2023		Change
In thousands of CAD
Net earnings		426,872		419,415		7,457		816,668		801,794		14,874
Amortization, depreciation and impairment		149,068		131,020		18,048		282,274		255,280		26,994
Other adjustments1		(32,297)		(26,475)		(5,822)		(31,862)		(36,263)		4,401
Cash flow from operating activities before net change in non-cash working capital items and others		543,643		523,960		19,683		1,067,080		1,020,811		46,269
Net change in non-cash working capital items and others:
Accounts receivable, work in progress and deferred revenue		99,330		27,529		71,801		124,131		132,137		(8,006)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, accrued compensation and employee-related liabilities, provisions and long-term liabilities		(51,108)		(125,624)		74,516		(50,205)		(208,741)		158,536
Others2		(89,840)		43,266		(133,106)		(61,809)		130,198		(192,007)
Net change in non-cash working capital items and others		(41,618)		(54,829)		13,211		12,117		53,594		(41,477)
Cash provided by operating activities		502,025		469,131		32,894		1,079,197		1,074,405		4,792

¹ Comprised of deferred income tax recovery, foreign exchange loss (gain), share-based payment costs and gain on lease terminations.

² Comprised of prepaid expenses and other assets, long-term financial assets (excluding long-term receivables), income taxes, derivative financial instruments and retirement benefits obligations.

The increase of $32.9 million from our cash provided by operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was mostly due to the timing of supplier payments and collection of tax credits, partially offset by the timing of tax instalment payments.

The increase of $4.8 million from our cash provided by operating activities during the six months ended March 31, 2024 was mostly due to the timing of supplier payments and lower payments of performance based compensation, partially offset by the timing of tax instalment payments and client collections.

The timing of our working capital inflows and outflows will always have an impact on the cash flow from operations.

© 2024 CGI Inc. Page  29

Management’s Discussion and Analysis | For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

 

4.1.2. Cash Used in Investing Activities

For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, $88.2 million and $237.0 million were used in investing activities while $99.1 million and $290.0 million were used over the same periods last year, respectively.

The following table provides a summary of the use of cash from investing activities:

	For the three months ended March 31,						For the six months ended March 31,
	2024		2023		Change		2024		2023		Change
In thousands of CAD
Business acquisitions (net of cash acquired)		—		—		—		(49,391)		(3,998)		(45,393)
Loan receivable		1,840		2,168		(328)		3,622		(19,301)		22,923
Purchase of property, plant and equipment		(29,974)		(46,446)		16,472		(58,470)		(87,717)		29,247
Additions to contract costs		(27,253)		(30,572)		3,319		(49,174)		(51,264)		2,090
Additions to intangible assets		(45,325)		(30,217)		(15,108)		(80,281)		(61,562)		(18,719)