Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 16. Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset-and-liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. We did not rely on any uncertain tax positions in recording our income tax-related amounts during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Our federal, state and foreign income tax benefit (provision) is summarized below:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Current portion of income tax provision:
Federal	$	(1)	$	(1)	$	(2)	$	(1)
State	(3)		(9)		(26)		(31)
Total current portion	(4)		(10)		(28)		(32)
Deferred portion of income tax provision:
Federal	(4)		(4)		(12)		(12)
State	21		(4)		13		(10)
Foreign	–		(1)		–		(1)
Total deferred portion	17		(9)		1		(23)
Total benefit from (provision for) income taxes	$	13	$	(19)	$	(27)	$	(55)

A reconciliation of the benefit from (provision for) income taxes with amounts determined by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to income before income taxes is as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
Pre-Tax Net Book Income (“NBI”)	$	1,343		$	1,451		$	4,243		$	4,392
Texas Margin Tax (1)	18			(13)			(12)			(40)
State income tax provision, net of federal benefit	–			(1)			(1)			(1)
Federal income tax provision computed by applying the federal statutory rate to NBI of corporate entities	(5)			(4)			(14)			(12)
Other	–			(1)			–			(2)
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes	$	13		$	(19)		$	(27)		$	(55)
Effective income tax rate	1.0		%	(1.3)		%	(0.6)		%	(1.3)		%

(1)Although the Texas Margin Tax is not considered a state income tax, it has the characteristics of an income tax since it is determined by applying a tax rate to a base that considers our Texas-sourced revenues and expenses.

The following table presents the significant components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Deferred tax liabilities:
Attributable to investment in OTA (1)	$	485	$	462
Attributable to property, plant and equipment	137		151
Attributable to investments in other entities	4		5
Other	97		98
Total deferred tax liabilities	723		716
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryovers (2)	65		56
Temporary differences related to Texas Margin Tax	3		4
Total deferred tax assets	68		60
Total net deferred tax liabilities	$	655	$	656

(1)Represents the deferred tax liability balance held by our wholly owned subsidiary, OTA Holdings, Inc. (“OTA”), which we acquired in March 2020.

(2)The loss amount presented as of September 30, 2025 has an indefinite carryover period. All losses are subject to limitations on their utilization.