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Fair Value of Financial Instruments
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]  
Fair Value of Financial Instruments

23. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Current accounting guidance on fair value measurements establishes a framework for measuring fair value and provides for expanded disclosures about fair value measurements.  The guidance:

 

Defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date; and

 

Establishes a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability on the measurement date.

Inputs refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk.  To increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and related disclosures, the fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels.  The three levels of the hierarchy are defined as follows:

 

Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

 

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for asset or liabilities.

The categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for the Partnership’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Investments in MRBs and Taxable MRBs

The fair value of the Partnership’s investments in MRBs and taxable MRBs, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, is based upon prices obtained from a third-party pricing service, which are estimates of market prices. There is no active trading market for the MRBs, and price quotes for the MRBs are not available. The valuation methodology of the Partnership’s third-party pricing service incorporates commonly used market pricing methods. It considers the underlying characteristics of each MRB as well as other quantitative and qualitative characteristics including, but not limited to, market interest rates, illiquidity, legal structure of the borrower, collateral, seniority to other obligations, operating results of the underlying property, geographic location, and property quality. These characteristics are used to estimate an effective yield for each MRB. The MRB fair value is estimated using a discounted cash flow and yield to maturity or call analysis by applying the effective yield to contractual cash flows. Significant increases (decreases) in the effective yield would have resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value estimate. Changes in fair value due to an increase or decrease in the effective yield do not impact the Partnership’s cash flows.

The Partnership evaluates pricing data received from the third-party pricing service by evaluating consistency with information from either the third-party pricing service or public sources. The fair value estimates of the MRBs and taxable MRBs are based largely on unobservable inputs believed to be used by market participants and requires the use of judgment on the part of the third-party pricing service and the Partnership. Due to the judgments involved, the fair value measurements of the Partnership’s investments in MRBs and taxable MRBs are categorized as a Level 3 input. As of June 30, 2020, the range of effective yields on the individual MRBs was 1.8% to 8.8% per annum, with a weighted average effective yield of 3.4% when weighted by the total principal outstanding of all MRBs as of the reporting date; and the range of effective yields on the individual taxable MRBs was 7.9% to 8.0% per annum, with a weighted average effective yield of 8.0% when weighted by the total principal outstanding of all taxable MRBs as of the reporting date.  As of December 31, 2019, the range of effective yields on the individual MRBs was 2.4  % to 8.5% per annum, with a weighted average effective yield of 3.8% when weighted by the total principal outstanding of all MRBs as of the reporting date; and the range of effective yields on the individual taxable MRBs was 8.7  % to 8.9% per annum, with a weighted average effective yield of 8.8% when weighted by the total principal outstanding of all taxable MRBs as of the reporting date.

Investments in PHC Certificates  

The Partnership sold its investments in the PHC Certificates in January 2020. The fair value of the Partnership’s investment in PHC Certificates as of December 31, 2019 was based upon prices obtained from a third-party pricing service, which were estimates of market prices. There was no active trading market for the PHC Certificates owned by the Partnership. The valuation methodology of the Partnership’s third-party pricing service incorporated commonly used market pricing methods. It considered the underlying characteristics of each PHC Certificate as well as other quantitative and qualitative characteristics including, but not limited to, market interest rates, illiquidity, security ratings from rating agencies, the impact of potential political and regulatory change, and other inputs.

The Partnership reviewed the inputs used by the primary third-party pricing service by reviewing source information and reviewed the methodology for reasonableness.  The Partnership also engaged a second third-party pricing service to confirm the values developed by the primary third-party pricing service. The valuation methodologies used by the third-party pricing services encompassed the use of judgment in their application. Due to the judgments involved, the fair value measurement of the Partnership’s investment in PHC Certificates was categorized as a Level 3 input. As of December 31, 2019, the range of effective yields on the PHC Certificates was 4.4% to 5.3% per annum, with a weighted average effective yield of 5.2% when weighted by the principal outstanding of all PHC Certificates as of the reporting date.   

Interest Rate Derivatives  

The effect of the Partnership’s interest rate derivatives is to set a cap, or upper limit, subject to performance of the counterparty, on the base rate of interest paid on the Partnership’s variable rate debt financings equal to the notional amount of the derivative agreement. The fair value of the interest rate derivatives is based on a model whose inputs are not observable and therefore is categorized as a Level 3 input.  The inputs in the valuation model include three-month LIBOR rates, unobservable adjustments to account for the SIFMA index, as well as any recent interest rate cap trades with similar terms.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2020 are summarized as follows:

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 2020

 

Description

 

Assets at

Fair Value

 

 

Quoted Prices in

Active Markets for

Identical Assets

(Level 1)

 

 

Significant Other

Observable Inputs

(Level 2)

 

 

Significant

Unobservable

Inputs

(Level 3)

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mortgage revenue bonds, held in trust

 

$

744,663,143

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

744,663,143

 

Mortgage revenue bonds

 

 

42,961,828

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

42,961,828

 

Taxable mortgage revenue bonds (reported within other assets)

 

 

1,456,279

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

1,456,279

 

Derivative instruments (reported within other assets)

 

 

29,826

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

29,826

 

Total Assets at Fair Value, net

 

$

789,111,076

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

789,111,076

 

 

The following table summarizes the activity related to Level 3 assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020:

 

 

 

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements Using Significant

 

 

 

Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

 

 

 

Mortgage

Revenue

Bonds (1)

 

 

PHC

Certificates

 

 

Taxable

Mortgage

Revenue

Bonds

 

 

Interest Rate

Derivatives

 

 

Total

 

Beginning Balance April 1, 2020

 

$

761,082,275

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

1,417,654

 

 

$

36,112

 

 

$

762,536,041

 

Total gains (losses) (realized/unrealized)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Included in earnings (interest income and

   interest expense)

 

 

20,098

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

93,647

 

 

 

113,745

 

Included in earnings (impairment of

   securities and provision for credit loss)

 

 

(464,675

)

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

(464,675

)

Included in other comprehensive (loss)

   income

 

 

20,930,838

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

40,811

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

20,971,649

 

Purchases

 

 

7,489,950

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

7,489,950

 

Settlements

 

 

(1,433,515

)

 

 

-

 

 

 

(2,186

)

 

 

(99,933

)

 

 

(1,535,634

)

Ending Balance June 30, 2020

 

$

787,624,971

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

1,456,279

 

 

$

29,826

 

 

$

789,111,076

 

Total amount of gains (losses) for the period

   included in earnings attributable to

   the change in unrealized gains

   (losses) relating to assets or liabilities

   held on June 30, 2020

 

$

(464,675

)

 

$

-

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

93,647

 

 

$

(371,028

)

 

(1)

Mortgage revenue bonds includes both bonds held in trust as well as those held by the Partnership.

 

 

 

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements Using Significant

 

 

 

Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

 

 

 

Mortgage

Revenue

Bonds (1)

 

 

PHC

Certificates

 

 

Taxable

Mortgage

Revenue

Bonds

 

 

Interest Rate

Derivatives

 

 

Total

 

Beginning Balance January 1, 2020

 

$

773,597,465

 

 

$

43,349,357

 

 

$

1,383,237

 

 

$

10,911

 

 

$

818,340,970

 

Total gains (losses) (realized/unrealized)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Included in earnings (interest income and

   interest expense)

 

 

55,240

 

 

 

(7,219

)

 

 

-

 

 

 

118,848

 

 

 

166,869

 

Included in earnings (impairment of

   securities and provision for credit loss)

 

 

(1,822,356

)

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

(1,822,356

)

Included in earnings (gain on sale of

   securities)

 

 

-

 

 

 

1,416,023

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

1,416,023

 

Included in other comprehensive income

 

 

14,208,716

 

 

 

(1,408,804

)

 

 

77,366

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

12,877,278

 

Purchases

 

 

7,489,950

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

7,489,950

 

Sale of securities

 

 

-

 

 

 

(43,349,357

)

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

(43,349,357

)

Settlements

 

 

(5,904,044

)

 

 

-

 

 

 

(4,324

)

 

 

(99,933

)

 

 

(6,008,301

)

Ending Balance June 30, 2020

 

$

787,624,971

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

1,456,279

 

 

$

29,826

 

 

$

789,111,076

 

Total amount of losses for the

   period included in earnings attributable

   to the change in unrealized losses relating to assets or

   liabilities held on June 30, 2020

 

$

(1,822,356

)

 

$

-

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

118,848

 

 

$

(1,703,508

)

 

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2019 are summarized as follows:

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2019

 

Description

 

Assets

at Fair Value

 

 

Quoted Prices in

Active Markets for

Identical Assets

(Level 1)

 

 

Significant Other

Observable Inputs

(Level 2)

 

 

Significant

Unobservable Inputs

(Level 3)

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mortgage revenue bonds, held in trust

 

$

743,587,715

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

743,587,715

 

Mortgage revenue bonds

 

 

30,009,750

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

30,009,750

 

PHC Certificates

 

 

43,349,357

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

43,349,357

 

Taxable mortgage revenue bonds (reported within other assets)

 

 

1,383,237

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

1,383,237

 

Derivative instruments (reported within other assets)

 

 

10,911

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

10,911

 

Total Assets at Fair Value, net

 

$

818,340,970

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

818,340,970

 

 

The following table summarizes the activity related to Level 3 assets and liabilities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019:

 

 

 

For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements Using Significant

 

 

 

Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

 

 

 

Mortgage

Revenue Bonds (1)

 

 

PHC Certificates

 

 

Taxable Bonds

 

 

Interest Rate

Derivatives

 

 

Total

 

Beginning Balance April 1, 2019

 

$

739,047,841

 

 

$

46,406,868

 

 

$

1,426,733

 

 

$

273,506

 

 

$

787,154,948

 

Total gains (losses)

   (realized/unrealized)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Included in earnings (interest

   income and interest expense)

 

 

35,637

 

 

 

(20,436

)

 

 

-

 

 

 

(83,217

)

 

 

(68,016

)

Included in other

   comprehensive income

 

 

14,753,777

 

 

 

129,722

 

 

 

36,582

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

14,920,081

 

Purchases

 

 

13,200,000

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

13,200,000

 

Settlements

 

 

(7,510,548

)

 

 

-

 

 

 

(21,999

)

 

 

(72,010

)

 

 

(7,604,557

)

Ending Balance June 30, 2019

 

$

759,526,707

 

 

$

46,516,154

 

 

$

1,441,316

 

 

$

118,279

 

 

$

807,602,456

 

Total amount of gains (losses) for the period

   included in earnings attributable to

   the change in unrealized gains

   (losses) relating to assets or liabilities

   held on June 30, 2019

 

$

-

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

(83,217

)

 

$

(83,217

)

 

(1)

Mortgage revenue bonds includes both bonds held in trust as well as those held by the Partnership.

 

 

 

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements Using Significant

 

 

 

Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

 

 

 

Mortgage

Revenue Bonds (1)

 

 

PHC Certificates

 

 

Taxable Mortgage

Revenue Bonds

 

 

Interest Rate

Derivatives

 

 

Total

 

Beginning Balance January 1, 2019

 

$

732,153,435

 

 

$

48,672,086

 

 

$

1,409,895

 

 

$

626,633

 

 

$

782,862,049

 

Total gains (losses)

   (realized/unrealized)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Included in earnings (interest

   income and interest expense)

 

 

71,367

 

 

 

(3,710

)

 

 

-

 

 

 

(389,808

)

 

 

(322,151

)

Included in other comprehensive income

 

 

22,393,690

 

 

 

614,944

 

 

 

55,374

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

23,064,008

 

Purchases

 

 

19,250,000

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

19,250,000

 

Settlements

 

 

(14,341,785

)

 

 

(2,767,166

)

 

 

(23,953

)

 

 

(118,546

)

 

 

(17,251,450

)

Ending Balance June 30, 2019

 

$

759,526,707

 

 

$

46,516,154

 

 

$

1,441,316

 

 

$

118,279

 

 

$

807,602,456

 

Total amount of gains (losses) for the

   period included in earnings attributable

   to the change in unrealized gains

   (losses) relating to assets or liabilities

   held on June 30, 2019

 

$

-

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

-

 

 

$

(389,808

)

 

$

(389,808

)

 

 

Total gains and loss included in earnings for the interest rate derivatives are reported within “Interest expense” on the Partnership’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

As of June 30, 2020, the Partnership utilized a third-party pricing service to determine the fair value of the Partnership’s GIL, which is an estimate of the market price. The valuation methodology of the Partnership’s third-party pricing service incorporates commonly used market pricing methods. It considers the underlying characteristics of the GIL as well as other quantitative and qualitative characteristics including, but not limited to, the progress of construction and operations of the underlying property, the financial capacity of guarantors, and the probability that conditions to Greystone Servicing Company LLC’s commitment to purchase the GIL will be met. Due to the judgments involved, the fair value measurement of the Partnership’s GIL is categorized as a Level 3 input. The fair value approximates amortized cost as of June 30, 2020.

As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Partnership utilized a third-party pricing service to determine the fair value of the Partnership’s financial liabilities, which are estimates of market prices. The valuation methodology of the Partnership’s third-party pricing service incorporates commonly used market pricing methods. It considers the underlying characteristics of each financial liability as well as other quantitative and qualitative characteristics including, but not limited to, market interest rates, legal structure, seniority to other obligations, operating results of the underlying assets, and asset quality. The financial liability values are then estimated using a discounted cash flow and yield to maturity or call analysis.

The Partnership evaluates pricing data received from the third-party pricing service, including consideration of current market interest rates, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the underlying collateral, and other information from either the third-party pricing service or public sources. The fair value estimates of these financial liabilities are based largely on unobservable inputs believed to be used by market participants and require the use of judgment on the part of the third-party pricing service and the Partnership. Due to the judgments involved, the fair value measurements of the Partnership’s financial liabilities are categorized as a Level 3 input. The TEBS Financings are credit enhanced by Freddie Mac. The TOB Trust financings are credit enhanced by Mizuho. The table below summarizes the fair value of the Partnership’s financial liabilities as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

 

 

 

June 30, 2020

 

 

December 31, 2019

 

 

 

Carrying Amount

 

 

Fair Value

 

 

Carrying Amount

 

 

Fair Value

 

Financial Liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Debt financing and lines of credit

 

$

557,643,049

 

 

$

586,074,485

 

 

$

549,397,421

 

 

$

568,193,494

 

Mortgages payable and other secured financing

 

 

26,391,908

 

 

 

26,393,723

 

 

 

26,802,246

 

 

 

26,812,851