The following table summarizes our loan portfolio by type of loan at December 31:

	2019			2018
Commercial and industrial	$	279,583		$	261,779
Real estate:
Construction and development		280,498			237,503
Commercial real estate		567,360			582,519
Farmland		57,476			67,845
1-4 family residential		412,166			393,067
Multi-family residential		37,379			38,386
Consumer		53,245			54,777
Agricultural		18,359			23,277
Overdrafts		329			382
Total loans		1,706,395			1,659,535
Net of:
Deferred loan costs		601			560
Allowance for loan losses		(16,202	)		(14,651	)
Total net loans	$	1,690,794		$	1,645,444

In 2018, the Company acquired overdrafts and recorded them as loans with a fair value and gross contractual fair value of $2 as part of Westbound. All loans acquired in 2018 were classified as acquired performing loans on the acquisition date.

The Company has entered into transactions, at prevailing market rates and terms, with certain directors, executive officers, significant shareholders and their affiliates. Loans to such related parties at December 31, 2019 and 2018, totaled $33,663 and $56,199, respectively. Unfunded commitments to such related parties at December 31, 2019 totaled $13,846.

Loans to principal officers, directors, and their affiliates during the year ended December 31, 2019, was as follows:

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:

For the Year Ended December 31, 2019	Commercial and industrial			Construction and development		Commercial real estate		Farmland			1-4 family residential			Multi-family residential			Consumer			Agricultural			Overdrafts			Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	1,751		$	1,920	$	6,025	$	643		$	2,868		$	631		$	565		$	238		$	10		$	14,651
Provision for loan losses		(117	)		458		827		(73	)		268			(222	)		(2	)		(41	)		152			1,250
Loans charged-off		(86	)		—		—		—			(14	)		—			(72	)		(89	)		(192	)		(453	)
Recoveries		508			—		1		—			3			—			111			89			42			754
Ending balance	$	2,056		$	2,378	$	6,853	$	570		$	3,125		$	409		$	602		$	197		$	12		$	16,202
Allowance ending balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—		$	—	$	1,587	$	62		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	1,649
Collectively evaluated for impairment		2,008			2,322		5,486		495			3,050			400			588			192			12			14,553
Ending balance	$	2,008		$	2,322	$	7,073	$	557		$	3,050		$	400		$	588		$	192		$	12		$	16,202
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	289		$	1,212	$	17,483	$	133		$	2,498		$	—		$	—		$	62		$	—		$	21,677
Collectively evaluated for impairment		279,294		$	279,286		549,877		57,343			409,668			37,379			53,245			18,297			329			1,684,718
Ending balance	$	279,583		$	280,498	$	567,360	$	57,476		$	412,166		$	37,379		$	53,245		$	18,359		$	329		$	1,706,395

For the Year Ended December 31, 2018	Commercial and industrial			Construction and development		Commercial real estate			Farmland		1-4 family residential			Multi-family residential		Consumer			Agricultural			Overdrafts			Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	1,581		$	1,724	$	4,585		$	523	$	3,022		$	629	$	602		$	187		$	6		$	12,859
Provision for loan losses		426			196		1,472			120		(196	)		2		127			(12	)		115			2,250
Loans charged-off		(367	)		—		(33	)		—		(93	)		—		(254	)		(2	)		(169	)		(918	)
Recoveries		111			—		1			—		135			—		90			65			58			460
Ending balance	$	1,751		$	1,920	$	6,025		$	643	$	2,868		$	631	$	565		$	238		$	10		$	14,651
Allowance ending balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	64		$	4	$	341		$	78	$	6		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	493
Collectively evaluated for impairment		1,687			1,916		5,684			565		2,862			631		565			238			10			14,158
Ending balance	$	1,751		$	1,920	$	6,025		$	643	$	2,868		$	631	$	565		$	238		$	10		$	14,651
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	1,022		$	1,250	$	7,153		$	140	$	1,383		$	—	$	—		$	408		$	—		$	11,356
Collectively evaluated for impairment		260,757		$	236,253		575,366			67,705		391,684			38,386		54,777			22,869			382			1,648,179
Ending balance	$	261,779		$	237,503	$	582,519		$	67,845	$	393,067		$	38,386	$	54,777		$	23,277		$	382		$	1,659,535

For the Year Ended December 31, 2017	Commercial and industrial			Construction and development		Commercial real estate			Farmland		1-4 family residential			Multi-family residential		Consumer			Agricultural			Overdrafts			Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	1,592		$	1,161	$	3,264		$	482	$	3,960		$	281	$	585		$	153		$	6		$	11,484
Provision for loan losses		272			563		1,405			41		(418	)		348		253			276			110			2,850
Loans charged-off		(1,080	)		—		(84	)		—		(543	)		—		(344	)		(242	)		(165	)		(2,458	)
Recoveries		797			—		—			—		23			—		108			—			55			983
Ending balance	$	1,581		$	1,724	$	4,585		$	523	$	3,022		$	629	$	602		$	187		$	6		$	12,859
Allowance ending balance:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	17		$	—	$	27		$	85	$	5		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	134
Collectively evaluated for impairment		1,564			1,724		4,558			438		3,017			629		602			187			6			12,725
Ending balance	$	1,581		$	1,724	$	4,585		$	523	$	3,022		$	629	$	602		$	187		$	6		$	12,859
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	463		$	—	$	4,258		$	163	$	842		$	217	$	—		$	397		$	—		$	6,340
Collectively evaluated for impairment		197,045		$	196,774		413,879			58,860		373,529			36,357		51,267			25,199			294			1,353,204
Ending balance	$	197,508		$	196,774	$	418,137		$	59,023	$	374,371		$	36,574	$	51,267		$	25,596		$	294		$	1,359,544

The Company closely monitors economic conditions and loan performance trends to manage and evaluate the exposure to credit risk. Key factors tracked by the Company and utilized in evaluating the credit quality of the loan portfolio include trends in delinquency ratios, the level of nonperforming assets, borrower’s repayment capacity, and collateral coverage.

Assets are graded “pass” when the relationship exhibits acceptable credit risk and indicates repayment ability, tolerable collateral coverage and reasonable performance history. Lending relationships exhibiting potentially significant credit risk and marginal repayment ability and/or asset protection are graded “special mention.” Assets classified as “substandard” are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. Substandard graded loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets graded “doubtful” are substandard graded loans that have added characteristics that make collection or liquidation in full improbable. The Company typically measures impairment based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or based on the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent.

The following tables summarize the credit exposure in the Company's consumer and commercial loan portfolios as of:

December 31, 2019	Commercial and industrial		Construction and development		Commercial real estate		Farmland		1-4 family residential		Multi-family residential		Consumer and Overdrafts		Agricultural		Total
Grade:
Pass	$	279,217	$	278,679	$	548,662	$	57,152	$	409,896	$	37,379	$	53,327	$	18,101	$	1,682,413
Special mention		153		600		1,071		91		1,425		—		192		126		3,658
Substandard		213		1,219		17,627		233		845		—		55		132		20,324
Total	$	279,583	$	280,498	$	567,360	$	57,476	$	412,166	$	37,379	$	53,574	$	18,359	$	1,706,395

December 31, 2018	Commercial and industrial		Construction and development		Commercial real estate		Farmland		1-4 family residential		Multi-family residential		Consumer and Overdrafts		Agricultural		Total
Grade:
Pass	$	260,863	$	236,253	$	569,648	$	67,541	$	391,956	$	38,386	$	55,055	$	22,713	$	1,642,415
Special mention		224	—			5,691		49		514	—			48		115		6,641
Substandard		692		1,250		7,180		255		597	—			56		449		10,479
Total	$	261,779	$	237,503	$	582,519	$	67,845	$	393,067	$	38,386	$	55,159	$	23,277	$	1,659,535

The following tables summarize the payment status of loans in the Company’s total loan portfolio, including an aging of delinquent loans and loans 90 days or more past due continuing to accrue interest as of:

December 31, 2019	30 to 59 Days Past Due		60 to 89 Days Past Due		90 Days and Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing
Commercial and industrial	$	321	$	53	$	15	$	389	$	279,194	$	279,583	$	—
Real estate:
Construction and development		161		—		—		161		280,337		280,498		—
Commercial real estate		1,181		49		882		2,112		565,248		567,360		—
Farmland		103		—		—		103		57,373		57,476		—
1-4 family residential		2,514		1,433		845		4,792		407,374		412,166		—
Multi-family residential		—		—		—		—		37,379		37,379		—
Consumer		373		152		96		621		52,624		53,245		—
Agricultural		51		67		—		118		18,241		18,359		—
Overdrafts		—		—		—		—		329		329		—
Total	$	4,704	$	1,754	$	1,838	$	8,296	$	1,698,099	$	1,706,395	$	—

December 31, 2018	30 to 59 Days Past Due		60 to 89 Days Past Due		90 Days and Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Recorded Investment > 90 Days and Accruing
Commercial and industrial	$	209	$	493	$	266	$	968	$	260,811	$	261,779	$	—
Real estate:
Construction and development		735		2,816		—		3,551		233,952		237,503		—
Commercial real estate		1,803		3		3,227		5,033		577,486		582,519		—
Farmland		485		—		—		485		67,360		67,845		—
1-4 family residential		2,849		666		596		4,111		388,956		393,067		—
Multi-family residential		—		—		—		—		38,386		38,386		—
Consumer		526		51		56		633		54,144		54,777		—
Agricultural		105		59		41		205		23,072		23,277		—
Overdrafts		—		—		—		—		382		382		—
Total	$	6,712	$	4,088	$	4,186	$	14,986	$	1,644,549	$	1,659,535	$	—

If interest on nonaccrual loans had been accrued, such income would have been approximately $637 and $333 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. There were no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were classified as impaired.

A troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) is a restructuring in which a bank, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan. Loans with insignificant delays or insignificant short falls in the amount of payments expected to be collected are not considered to be impaired. Loans defined as individually impaired, based on applicable accounting guidance, include larger balance nonperforming loans and TDRs.

The following tables present loans by class, modified as TDRs, that occurred during the years ended:

There were two TDRs that subsequently defaulted during 2019, therefore remain on nonaccrual status. The TDRs described above did not increase the allowance for loan losses and resulted in no charge-offs during the year ended December 31, 2019.

There was one TDR that subsequently defaulted in 2018 and was paid off during 2019. The TDR described above did not increase the allowance for loan losses and resulted in no charge-offs during the years ended December 31, 2018 or 2019.

The following table presents information about the Company’s impaired loans as of:

December 31, 2019	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial	$	289	$	289	$	—	$	312
Real estate:
Construction and development		1,212		1,212		—		1,259
Commercial real estate		4,612		4,612		—		4,244
Farmland		—		—		—		—
1-4 family residential		2,498		2,498		—		1,798
Multi-family residential		—		—		—		—
Consumer		—		—		—		—
Agricultural		62		62		—		190
Subtotal		8,673		8,673		—		7,803
With allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		61
Real estate:
Construction and development		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		12,871		12,871		1,587		9,111
Farmland		133		133		62		135
1-4 family residential		—		—		—		78
Multi-family residential		—		—		—		—
Consumer		—		—		—		—
Agricultural		—		—		—		—
Subtotal		13,004		13,004		1,649		9,385
Total	$	21,677	$	21,677	$	1,649	$	17,188

The following table presents information about the Company’s impaired loans as of December 31, 2018:

December 31, 2018	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial	$	837	$	837	$	—	$	842
Real estate:
Construction and development		720		720		—		518
Commercial real estate		5,168		5,168		—		5,138
Farmland		—		—		—		62
1-4 family residential		1,223		1,223		—		1,132
Multi-family residential		—		—		—		54
Consumer		—		—		—		—
Agricultural		408		408		—		456
Subtotal		8,356		8,356		—		8,202
With allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial		185		185		64		300
Real estate:
Construction and development		530		530		4		44
Commercial real estate		1,985		1,985		341		677
Farmland		140		140		78		147
1-4 family residential		160		160		6		128
Multi-family residential		—		—		—		—
Consumer		—		—		—		—
Agricultural		—		—		—		52
Subtotal		3,000		3,000		493		1,348
Total	$	11,356	$	11,356	$	493	$	9,550

During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, total interest income and cash-based interest income recognized on impaired loans was minimal.