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Revenues
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenues
Disaggregation of Revenues

The tables below present disaggregated revenues from contracts with clients by client location, service line and contract type for each of our business segments. We believe this disaggregation best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenues and cash flows are affected by industry, market and other economic factors. Revenues are attributed to geographic regions based upon client location, which is the client's billing address. Substantially all revenues in our North America region relate to operations in the United States.

We have defined our Financial Services, Healthcare, Products and Resources and Communications, Media and Technology segments as ("FS"), ("HC"), ("P&R"), and ("CMT"), respectively, in our disaggregation of revenues tables.
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2021		Six Months Ended
June 30, 2021
(in millions)FSHCP&RCMTTotalFSHCP&RCMTTotal
Geography:
North America$1,049 $1,131 $723 $469 $3,372 $2,062 $2,232 $1,441 $920 $6,655 
United Kingdom130 45 116 112 403 255 85 222 211 773 
Continental Europe186 120 132 44 482 378 238 235 87 938 
Europe - Total316 165 248 156 885 633 323 457 298 1,711 
Rest of World 137 29 84 78 328 265 58 155 142 620 
Total$1,502 $1,325 $1,055 $703 $4,585 $2,960 $2,613 $2,053 $1,360 $8,986 
Service line:
Consulting and technology services$1,012 $769 $668 $422 $2,871 $1,979 $1,514 $1,284 $818 $5,595 
Outsourcing services490 556 387 281 1,714 981 1,099 769 542 3,391 
Total$1,502 $1,325 $1,055 $703 $4,585 $2,960 $2,613 $2,053 $1,360 $8,986 
Type of contract:
Time and materials$908 $514 $446 $422 $2,290 $1,807 $1,033 $864 $819 $4,523 
Fixed-price500 529 506 249 1,784 971 1,028 987 479 3,465 
Transaction or volume-based94 282 103 32 511 182 552 202 62 998 
Total$1,502 $1,325 $1,055 $703 $4,585 $2,960 $2,613 $2,053 $1,360 $8,986 
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2020		Six Months Ended
June 30, 2020
(in millions)FSHCP&RCMTTotalFSHCP&RCMTTotal
Geography:
North America$978 $999 $620 $409 $3,006 $1,990 $2,037 $1,309 $860 $6,196 
United Kingdom110 36 89 79 314 230 76 182 163 651 
Continental Europe182 102 94 41 419 373 201 203 79 856 
Europe - Total292 138 183 120 733 603 277 385 242 1,507 
Rest of World 126 20 64 51 261 254 37 127 104 522 
Total$1,396 $1,157 $867 $580 $4,000 $2,847 $2,351 $1,821 $1,206 $8,225 
Service line:
Consulting and technology services$933 $666 $520 $338 $2,457 $1,880 $1,328 $1,110 $686 $5,004 
Outsourcing services463 491 347 242 1,543 967 1,023 711 520 3,221 
Total$1,396 $1,157 $867 $580 $4,000 $2,847 $2,351 $1,821 $1,206 $8,225 
Type of contract:
Time and materials$873 $468 $363 $357 $2,061 $1,757 $943 $772 $740 $4,212 
Fixed-price444 417 409 201 1,471 927 826 852 420 3,025 
Transaction or volume-based79 272 95 22 468 163 582 197 46 988 
Total$1,396 $1,157 $867 $580 $4,000 $2,847 $2,351 $1,821 $1,206 $8,225 
Costs to Fulfill
Costs to fulfill, such as setup or transition activities, are recorded in "Other noncurrent assets" in our unaudited consolidated statements of financial position and the amortization expense of costs to fulfill is included in "Cost of revenues" in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations. Costs to obtain contracts were immaterial for the periods disclosed. The following table presents information related to the capitalized costs to fulfill for the six months ended June 30:
(in millions)20212020
Beginning balance$467 $485 
Amortization expense(58)(44)
Costs capitalized25 59 
Impairment(9)(6)
Ending balance$425 $494 
Contract Balances
A contract asset is a right to consideration that is conditional upon factors other than the passage of time. Contract assets are presented in "Other current assets" in our unaudited consolidated statements of financial position and primarily relate to unbilled amounts on fixed-price contracts utilizing the cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition. The table below shows significant movements in contract assets for the six months ended June 30:
(in millions)20212020
Beginning balance$315 $334 
Revenues recognized during the period but not billed266 252 
Amounts reclassified to trade accounts receivable(229)(247)
Ending balance$352 $339 
Our contract liabilities, or deferred revenue, consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenues recognized. The table below shows significant movements in the deferred revenue balances (current and noncurrent) for the six months ended June 30:
(in millions)20212020
Beginning balance$419 $336 
Amounts billed but not recognized as revenues327 297 
Revenues recognized related to the opening balance of deferred revenue(357)(268)
Ending balance$389 $365 
Revenues recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 for performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous periods were immaterial.
Remaining Performance Obligations
As of June 30, 2021, the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $1,705 million, of which approximately 75% is expected to be recognized as revenue within 2 years. Disclosure is not required for performance obligations that meet any of the following criteria:
(1)contracts with a duration of one year or less as determined under ASC Topic 606: "Revenue from Contracts with Customers",
(2)contracts for which we recognize revenues based on the right to invoice for services performed,
(3)variable consideration allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation in accordance with ASC 606-10-25-14(b), for which the criteria in ASC 606-10-32-40 have been met, or
(4)variable consideration in the form of a sales-based or usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property.
Many of our performance obligations meet one or more of these exemptions and therefore are not included in the remaining performance obligation amount disclosed above.
Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Loss
We calculate expected credit losses for our trade accounts receivable based on historical credit loss rates for each aging category as adjusted for the current market conditions and forecasts about future economic conditions. The following table presents the activity in the allowance for trade accounts receivable for the six months ended June 30:
(in millions)20212020
Beginning balance$57 $67 
Impact of adoption of the Credit Loss Standard — (1)
Credit loss expense1 18 
Write-offs charged against the allowance(9)(9)
Ending balance$49 $75