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ACQUISITIONS
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Business Combinations [Abstract]  
ACQUISITIONS
ACQUISITIONS

On February 21, 2018 (the "Acquisition Date"), the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of DE Holdings, Inc., including its ForRent division ("ForRent"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Dominion Enterprises ("Seller"), for a purchase price of approximately $376 million. The purchase price was comprised of approximately $340 million in cash and 103,280 shares of Company common stock, valued at approximately $36 million. ForRent's primary service is digital advertising provided through a network of four multifamily websites. The acquisition is expected to yield increased revenue, significant cost synergies and an improved competitive position in the industry. The Company applied the acquisition method to account for the ForRent transaction, which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recorded at their fair values as of the acquisition date.

The following table summarizes the amounts recorded for acquired assets and assumed liabilities recorded at their fair values as of the Acquisition Date (in thousands):

 
 
Final:
February 21, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
59

Accounts receivable
 
8,769

Indemnification asset
 
5,443

Goodwill
 
266,595

Intangible assets
 
141,300

Deferred tax liabilities
 
(34,032
)
Contingent sales tax liability
 
(6,260
)
State uncertain income tax position liability
 
(2,047
)
Other assets and liabilities
 
(3,535
)
Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired
 
$
376,292



The net assets of ForRent were recorded at their estimated fair values. In valuing acquired assets and assumed liabilities, fair value estimates were based primarily on future expected cash flows, market rate assumptions for contractual obligations, and appropriate discount rates. Measurement period adjustments related to the determination of working capital as of the Acquisition Date and recognized in 2018, were not material.

The acquired customer base for the acquisition is composed of acquired customer contracts and the related customer relationships, and has a weighted average estimated useful life of ten years. The acquired technology has an estimated useful life of three years. The acquired trade name has a weighted average estimated useful life of ten years. The acquired building photography has an estimated useful life of one year. Amortization of the acquired customer base is recognized on an accelerated basis related to the expected economic benefit of the intangible asset, while amortization of the acquired technology, acquired building photography and acquired trade names and other intangible assets is recognized on a straight-line basis over their respective estimated useful lives. Goodwill recorded in connection with this acquisition is not amortized, but is subject to an annual impairment test. The $267 million of goodwill recorded as part of the acquisition is associated with the Company's North America operating segment. $8 million of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes in future periods.

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Specifically, the goodwill recorded as part of the ForRent acquisition includes but is not limited to: (i) the expected synergies and other benefits that the Company believes will result from combining its operations with ForRent's operations; and (ii) any intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as the assembled workforce.

Upon acquisition, the Company assessed the (i) probability of a contingent sales tax liability and (ii) a state uncertain income tax position liability due to apportionment factors, and recorded accruals of $6 million and $2 million, respectively. The Company could not determine the fair value for the pre-acquisition state sales tax liability and therefore estimated a liability in accordance with ASC 450 Contingencies, using a state-by-state assessment. The uncertain income tax position was determined in accordance with the provisions of ASC 740 Income Tax, and was recorded as part of the purchase price allocation. The Seller has provided an indemnity for tax liabilities related to periods prior to the acquisition. The Seller's indemnification for sales taxes in the state of Texas is limited to approximately $2 million. The total indemnification asset established as of the acquisition date was $5 million. $1 million of the uncertain income tax position liability and related indemnification asset recognized as of the acquisition date was reversed during 2018, upon expiration of the statute of limitations applicable to the uncertain income tax position.

As part of the ForRent acquisition, the Company incurred $3 million of transaction costs during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Additionally, the Company paid $12 million cash into a cash escrow account for retention compensation for certain ForRent employees, payable if they remained employed by the Company for a defined six-month period following the acquisition or were earlier terminated without cause or resigned for good reason. In the event funds remained in the escrow account after the employees were compensated and the defined six-month period ended, those funds were remitted to the Seller. The Company expensed all of the retention compensation as the services were performed in the post-combination period in 2018.

Other Acquisitions

On October 12, 2018, the Company acquired Realla Ltd. ("Realla"), the operator of a commercial property listings and data management platform in the U.K., for £12 million ($15 million). The purchase agreement required an initial payment of £10 million ($13 million), net of cash acquired, at the time of closing, and the remainder of the purchase price is due one year following the acquisition date. In connection with the acquisition, the Company recorded goodwill and intangible assets of £8 million ($10 million) and £4 million ($5 million), respectively. The net assets of Realla were recorded at their estimated fair value. The estimated fair values are preliminary, subject to the final determination of net working capital as of the acquisition date and completion of the Company's assessment of certain tax matters.

On November 8, 2018, the Company acquired Cozy Services, Ltd. ("Cozy"), a leading provider of online rental solutions that provides a broad spectrum of services to both landlords and tenants, for $65 million, net of cash acquired. As part of the acquisition, the Company recorded goodwill and intangible assets of $53 million and $11 million, respectively. The net assets of Cozy were recorded at their estimated fair value. The estimated fair values are preliminary, subject to the final determination of net working capital and completion of the Company's assessment of certain tax matters.

Pro Forma Financial Information

The unaudited pro forma financial information presented below summarizes the combined results of operations for the Company and ForRent as though the companies were combined as of January 1, 2017. The unaudited pro forma financial information for all periods presented includes amortization charges from acquired intangible assets, retention compensation, as referenced above, and the related tax effects, along with certain other accounting effects, but excludes the impacts of any expected operational synergies. The unaudited pro forma financial information as presented below is for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2017.

The unaudited pro forma financial information for the three months ended March 31, 2018 combine the historical results of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and the historical results of ForRent for the period prior to the Acquisition Date and the effects of the pro forma adjustments listed above.
The unaudited pro forma financial information was as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2018
Revenue
$
287,470

Net income
$
52,839

Net income per share - basic
1.47

Net income per share - diluted
1.45



Revenue and net loss attributable to ForRent from February 21, 2018 through March 31, 2018 were $8 million and $8 million, respectively. The net loss was primarily due to personnel costs, including retention compensation, and the amortization of intangible assets upon acquisition.