5. Loans, net and allowance for loan losses:

The major classifications of loans outstanding, net of deferred loan origination fees and costs at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized as follows. Net deferred loan costs were $494 and $579 at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.


		March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Commercial	$	431,164	$	408,814
Real estate:
Commercial		703,194		700,144
Residential		286,389		289,781
Consumer		139,120		134,226
Total	$	1,559,867	$	1,532,965

The changes in the allowance for loan losses account by major classification of loan for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 are summarized as follows:


			Real estate
March 31, 2017	Commercial		Commercial		Residential		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning Balance January 1, 2017	$	3,799	$	5,847	$	4,707	$	1,608	$		$	15,961
Charge-offs				(125)		(15)		(171)				(311)
Recoveries		7		33		22		57				119
Provisions		323		536		264		77				1,200
Ending balance	$	4,129	$	6,291	$	4,978	$	1,571	$		$	16,969

			Real estate
March 31, 2016	Commercial		Commercial		Residential		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning Balance January 1, 2016	$	3,042	$	4,245	$	4,082	$	1,583	$	23	$	12,975
Charge-offs		(3)		(55)				(65)				(123)
Recoveries		2		16		25		63				106
Provisions		281		410		252		65		192		1,200
Ending balance	$	3,322	$	4,616	$	4,359	$	1,646	$	215	$	14,158

The allocation of the allowance for loan losses and the related loans by major classifications of loans at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is summarized as follows:


			Real estate
March 31, 2017	Commercial		Commercial		Residential		Consumer		Unallocated	Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Ending balance	$	4,129	$	6,291	$	4,978	$	1,571	$	$	16,969
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment		404		513		484		23			1,424
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment		3,725		5,778		4,494		1,548			15,545
Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	$		$		$		$		$	$
Loans receivable:
Ending balance	$	431,164	$	703,194	$	286,389	$	139,120	$	$	1,559,867
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment		2,311		3,849		3,359		207			9,726
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment		428,476		698,008		282,996		138,913			1,548,393
Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	$	377	$	1,337	$	34	$		$	$	1,748



			Real estate
December 31, 2016	Commercial		Commercial		Residential		Consumer		Unallocated	Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Ending balance	$	3,799	$	5,847	$	4,707	$	1,608	$	$	15,961
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment		225		1,197		520					1,942
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment		3,574		4,650		4,187		1,608			14,019
Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	$		$		$		$		$	$
Loans receivable:
Ending balance	$	408,814	$	700,144	$	289,781	$	134,226	$	$	1,532,965
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment		1,724		5,820		3,543		155			11,242
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment		406,127		692,987		286,201		134,071			1,519,386
Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	$	963	$	1,337	$	37	$		$	$	2,337

The Company segments loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. Loans are individually analyzed for credit risk by classifying them within the Company’s internal risk rating system. The Company’s risk rating classifications are defined as follows:

Pass- A loan to borrowers with acceptable credit quality and risk that is not adversely classified as Substandard, Doubtful, Loss nor designated as Special Mention.

Special Mention- A loan that has potential weaknesses that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special Mention loans are not adversely classified since they do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard- A loan that is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful – A loan classified as Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make the collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loss- A loan classified as Loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as bankable loan is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.

The following tables present the major classification of loans summarized by the aggregate pass rating and the classified ratings of special mention, substandard and doubtful within the Company’s internal risk rating system at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:


			Special
March 31, 2017	Pass		Mention		Substandard		Doubtful	Total
Commercial	$	422,506	$	4,698	$	3,960	$	$	431,164
Real estate:
Commercial		680,231		10,409		12,554			703,194
Residential		279,384		205		6,800			286,389
Consumer		138,853		—		267			139,120
Total	$	1,520,974	$	15,312	$	23,581	$	$	1,559,867


			Special
December 31, 2016	Pass		Mention		Substandard		Doubtful	Total
Commercial	$	398,867	$	6,222	$	3,725	$	$	408,814
Real estate:
Commercial		674,914		10,392		14,838			700,144
Residential		282,737		233		6,811			289,781
Consumer		133,983				243			134,226
Total	$	1,490,501	$	16,847	$	25,617	$	$	1,532,965

Information concerning nonaccrual loans by major loan classification at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is summarized as follows:


		March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Commercial	$	1,532	$	934
Real estate:
Commercial		4,701		7,016
Residential		2,821		3,003
Consumer		207		155
Total	$	9,261	$	11,108

The major classifications of loans by past due status are summarized as follows:


					Greater								Loans > 90
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		than 90		Total Past						Days and
March 31, 2017	Past Due		Past Due		Days		Due		Current		Total Loans		Accruing
Commercial	$	440	$	33	$	1,532	$	2,005	$	429,159	$	431,164
Real estate:
Commercial		1,257		779		4,809		6,845		696,349		703,194	$	108
Residential		2,766		904		2,945		6,615		279,774		286,389		124
Consumer		864		168		437		1,469		137,651		139,120		230
Total	$	5,327	$	1,884	$	9,723	$	16,934	$	1,542,933	$	1,559,867	$	462


					Greater								Loans > 90
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		than 90		Total Past						Days and
December 31, 2016	Past Due		Past Due		Days		Due		Current		Total Loans		Accruing
Commercial	$	249	$	75	$	934	$	1,258	$	407,556	$	408,814
Real estate:
Commercial		4,782		527		7,016		12,325		687,819		700,144
Residential		2,100		354		3,561		6,015		283,766		289,781	$	558
Consumer		962		259		441		1,662		132,564		134,226		286
Total	$	8,093	$	1,215	$	11,952	$	21,260	$	1,511,705	$	1,532,965	$	844

The following tables summarize information concerning impaired loans as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2016, and as of and for the year ended, December 31, 2016 by major loan classification:


							For the Quarter Ended
			Unpaid				Average		Interest
	Recorded		Principal		Related		Recorded		Income
March 31, 2017	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Investment		Recognized
With no related allowance:
Commercial	$	765	$	1,386			$	1,585	$	4
Real estate:
Commercial		3,715		4,368				3,039		4
Residential		2,349		2,533				2,277		4
Consumer		184		184				170
Total		7,013		8,471				7,071		12
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial		1,923		1,923	$	404		1,103		13
Real estate:
Commercial		1,471		1,471		513		3,132		6
Residential		1,044		1,044		484		1,210		4
Consumer		23		23		23		12
Total		4,461		4,461		1,424		5,457		23
Commercial		2,688		3,309		404		2,688		17
Real estate:
Commercial		5,186		5,839		513		6,171		10
Residential		3,393		3,577		484		3,487		8
Consumer		207		207		23		182
Total	$	11,474	$	12,932	$	1,424	$	12,528	$	35


							For the Year Ended
			Unpaid				Average		Interest
	Recorded		Principal		Related		Recorded		Income
December 31, 2016	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Investment		Recognized
With no related allowance:
Commercial	$	2,404	$	3,213			$	1,461	$	48
Real estate:
Commercial		2,364		3,018				4,300		71
Residential		2,205		2,388				2,133		35
Consumer		155		155				147
Total		7,128		8,774				8,041		154
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial		283		283	$	225		859
Real estate:
Commercial		4,793		4,793		1,197		2,366		2
Residential		1,375		1,376		520		1,185		7
Consumer								50
Total		6,451		6,452		1,942		4,460		9
Commercial		2,687		3,496		225		2,320		48
Real estate:
Commercial		7,157		7,811		1,197		6,666		73
Residential		3,580		3,764		520		3,318		42
Consumer		155		155				197
Total	$	13,579	$	15,226	$	1,942	$	12,501	$	163


							For the Quarter Ended
			Unpaid				Average		Interest
	Recorded		Principal		Related		Recorded		Income
March 31, 2016	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Investment		Recognized
With no related allowance:
Commercial	$	1,173	$	2,383			$	1,263	$	17
Real estate:
Commercial		3,162		3,832				2,947		32
Residential		2,216		2,399				2,632		1
Consumer		89		89				60
Total		6,640		8,703				6,902		50
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial		1,141		1,141	$	1,040		968
Real estate:
Commercial		3,028		3,028		541		2,836
Residential		992		992		533		1,455		2
Consumer		89		89		89		103
Total		5,250		5,250		2,203		5,362		2
Commercial		2,314		3,524		1,040		2,231		17
Real estate:
Commercial		6,190		6,860		541		5,783		32
Residential		3,208		3,391		533		4,087		3
Consumer		178		178		89		163
Total	$	11,890	$	13,953	$	2,203	$	12,264	$	52

Included in the commercial loan and commercial and residential real estate categories are troubled debt restructurings that are classified as impaired. Troubled debt restructurings totaled $2,226 at March 31, 2017, $1,909 at December 31, 2016 and $2,834 at March 31, 2016.

Troubled debt restructured loans are loans with original terms, interest rate, or both, that have been modified as a result of a deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition and a concession has been granted that the Company would not otherwise consider. Unless on nonaccrual, interest income on these loans is recognized when earned, using the interest method. The Company offers a variety of modifications to borrowers that would be considered concessions. The modification categories offered generally fall within the following categories:

Rate Modification - A modification in which the interest rate is changed to a below market rate.

Term Modification - A modification in which the maturity date, timing of payments or frequency of payments is changed.

Interest Only Modification - A modification in which the loan is converted to interest only payments for a period of time.

Payment Modification - A modification in which the dollar amount of the payment is changed, other than an interest only modification described above.

Combination Modification - Any other type of modification, including the use of multiple categories above.

There was one loan modified as a troubled debt restructuring for the three months ended March 31, 2017, in the amount of $345. There was one loan modified as a troubled debt restructuring for the three months ended March 31, 2016, in the amount of $75. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, there were no payment defaults on restructured loans; there were two payment defaults on restructured residential real estate loans during the three months ended March 31, 2016 totaling $208.