UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-Q

[Mark One]

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission File Number:  0-23999

MANHATTAN ASSOCIATES, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Georgia	58-2373424
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2300 Windy Ridge Parkway, Tenth Floor
Atlanta, Georgia	30339
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code:  (770) 955-7070

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant:  (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  ☒   No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes  ☒   No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes  ☐   No  ☒

The number of shares of the Registrant’s class of capital stock outstanding as of April 22, 2019, the latest practicable date, is as follows: 64,594,506 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share.

MANHATTAN ASSOCIATES, INC.

FORM 10-Q

Quarter Ended March 31, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

	Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2019 (unaudited) and December 31, 2018		3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)		4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)		5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)		6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited)		7
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)		8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	15
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	25
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures.	25
	PART II
	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings.	26
Item 1A.	Risk Factors.	26
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.	26
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities.	26
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures.	26
Item 5.	Other Information.	26
Item 6.	Exhibits.	27
Signatures.		29

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PART I

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

MANHATTAN ASSOCIATES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	104,879		$	99,126
Short-term investments		-			1,440
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $2,162 and $2,589, respectively		107,352			100,108
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		19,065			14,708
Total current assets		231,296			215,382
Property and equipment, net		13,327			14,318
Operating lease right-of-use assets		39,869			-
Goodwill, net		62,237			62,240
Deferred income taxes		3,664			5,442
Other assets		9,118			9,768
Total assets	$	359,511		$	307,150
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	16,940		$	18,181
Accrued compensation and benefits		27,164			29,485
Accrued and other liabilities		20,736			12,161
Deferred revenue		94,363			81,894
Income taxes payable		6,331			3,543
Total current liabilities		165,534			145,264
Operating lease liabilities, long-term		35,896			-
Other non-current liabilities		12,681			14,739
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, no par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding in 2019 and 2018		-			-
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 64,593,909 and 64,860,419 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		646			649
Retained earnings		161,356			163,359
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(16,602	)		(16,861	)
Total shareholders' equity		145,400			147,147
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	359,511		$	307,150

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

MANHATTAN ASSOCIATES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
	(unaudited)			(unaudited)
Revenue:
Cloud subscriptions	$	7,859		$	4,469
Software license		12,414			7,555
Maintenance		36,099			36,397
Services		88,631			78,757
Hardware		3,401			3,391
Total revenue		148,404			130,569
Costs and expenses:
Cost of software license		592			1,308
Cost of cloud subscriptions, maintenance and services		66,578			56,486
Research and development		21,213			17,059
Sales and marketing		14,781			12,884
General and administrative		15,050			12,800
Depreciation and amortization		1,914			2,202
Total costs and expenses		120,128			102,739
Operating income		28,276			27,830
Other (loss) income, net		(371	)		721
Income before income taxes		27,905			28,551
Income tax provision		6,933			5,899
Net income	$	20,972		$	22,652
Basic earnings per share	$	0.32		$	0.34
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.32		$	0.33
Weighted average number of shares:
Basic		64,909			67,553
Diluted		65,204			67,736

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

MANHATTAN ASSOCIATES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
	(unaudited)		(unaudited)
Net income	$	20,972	$	22,652
Foreign currency translation adjustment		259		(169	)
Comprehensive income	$	21,231	$	22,483

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

MANHATTAN ASSOCIATES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
	(unaudited)			(unaudited)
Operating activities:
Net income	$	20,972		$	22,652
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		1,914			2,202
Equity-based compensation		7,182			4,343
Loss (gain) on disposal of equipment		6			(3	)
Deferred income taxes		1,782			1,587
Unrealized foreign currency loss (gain)		381			(333	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net		(7,478	)		7,502
Other assets		(3,021	)		(4,223	)
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities		(809	)		5,435
Income taxes		1,831			2,286
Deferred revenue		12,427			9,853
Net cash provided by operating activities		35,187			51,301
Investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(616	)		(2,174	)
Net maturities (purchases) of investments		1,439			(12,598	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		823			(14,772	)
Financing activities:
Purchase of common stock		(30,160	)		(55,815	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(30,160	)		(55,815	)
Foreign currency impact on cash		(97	)		432
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		5,753			(18,854	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		99,126			125,522
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	104,879		$	106,668

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

MANHATTAN ASSOCIATES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except share data)

													Accumulated
							Additional						Other			Total
	Common Stock						Paid-In			Retained			Comprehensive			Shareholders'
	Shares			Amount			Capital			Earnings			(Loss) Income			Equity
Balance, December 31, 2018 (audited)		64,860,419		$	649		$	-		$	163,359		$	(16,861	)	$	147,147
Repurchase of common stock		(569,906	)		(6	)		(7,179	)		(22,975	)		-			(30,160	)
Restricted stock units issuance		303,396			3			(3	)		-			-			-
Equity-based compensation		-			-			7,182			-			-			7,182
Foreign currency translation adjustment		-			-			-			-			259			259
Net income		-			-			-			20,972			-			20,972
Balance, March 31, 2019 (unaudited)		64,593,909		$	646		$	-		$	161,356		$	(16,602	)	$	145,400
													Accumulated
							Additional						Other			Total
	Common Stock						Paid-In			Retained			Comprehensive			Shareholders'
	Shares			Amount			Capital			Earnings			(Loss) Income			Equity
Balance, December 31, 2017 (audited)		67,776,138		$	678		$	-		$	186,117		$	(11,839	)	$	174,956
Repurchase of common stock		(1,269,109	)		(13	)		(4,340	)		(51,462	)		-			(55,815	)
Restricted stock units issuance		312,402			3			(3	)		-			-			-
Equity-based compensation		-			-			4,343			-			-			4,343
Adjustment due to adoption of ASC 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)		-			-			-			1,981			-			1,981
Foreign currency translation adjustment		-			-			-			-			(169	)		(169	)
Net income		-			-			-			22,652			-			22,652
Balance, March 31, 2018 (unaudited)		66,819,431		$	668		$	-		$	159,288		$	(12,008	)	$	147,948

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Manhattan Associates, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our,” or “Manhattan”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information, with the instructions to Form 10-Q and with Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these condensed consolidated financial statements contain all normal recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position at March 31, 2019, the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any other interim period. These statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and management’s discussion and analysis included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in Fiscal Year 2019

Leases

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standard Update (ASU) 2016-02, Leases, which establishes new Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) Topic 842 (ASC 842), to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Under the new guidance, a lessee is required to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. Consistent with previous GAAP, the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee primarily depends on its classification as a finance or operating lease. However, unlike previous GAAP which required only capital leases to be recognized on the balance sheet, the new standard requires both types of leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. ASC 842 also requires disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. These disclosures include qualitative and quantitative requirements, providing additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements.

ASC 842 was previously required to be adopted using the modified retrospective approach.  However, in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, which allowed for retrospective application with the recognition of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption.  Under this option, entities do not need to apply ASC 842 (along with its disclosure requirements) to the comparative prior periods presented.

We adopted ASC 842 in the first quarter of 2019.  Accordingly, most of our operating leases (primarily for office space) are recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets on our balance sheet. We elected to adopt certain of the optional practical expedients, including the package of practical expedients, which, among other things, gives us the option to not reassess: 1) whether expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; 2) the lease classification for expired or existing leases; and 3) initial direct costs for existing leases. We elected the optional transition method that allows for a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the adoption date coupled with the option to not restate prior periods. We also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components, which allows us to account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.  We did not elect the hindsight practical expedient in our determination of the lease term for our existing leases.

Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $28.5 million and $31.0 million as of January 1, 2019, respectively. The adoption had no impact on retained earnings, the Consolidated Statements of Income, or the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

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2. Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when we transfer control of the promised products or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those products or services. We derive our revenue from software licenses, cloud subscriptions, customer support services and software enhancements (“maintenance”), implementation and training services, and sales of hardware. We exclude sales and usage-based taxes from revenue.

Nature of Products and Services

Our perpetual software licenses provide the customer with a right to use the software as it exists at the time of purchase. We recognize revenue for distinct software licenses once the license period has begun and we have made the software available to the customer.

Cloud subscriptions includes software as a service (“SaaS”) and arrangements which provide customers with the right to use our software within a cloud-based environment that we provide and manage where the customer does not have the right to take possession of the software without significant penalty. SaaS and hosting revenues are recognized ratably over the contract period. For contracts that include a perpetual license and hosting services, we generally consider the arrangement as an overall service, recognized over the initial hosting term.  The software license fee typically due at the outset of the arrangement is not payable again if the customer renews the hosting services, so that the customer’s option to renew the hosting services is a material right, the revenue from which, if the option is exercised, we will recognize over the applicable renewal period.

Our perpetual software licenses are typically sold with maintenance under which we provide a comprehensive 24 hours per day, 365 days per year program that provides customers with software upgrades, when and if available, which include additional or improved functionality and technological advances incorporating emerging supply chain and industry initiatives. Revenue related to maintenance is generally paid in advance and recognized ratably over the term of the agreement, typically twelve months.

Our services revenue consists of fees generated from implementation and training services, including reimbursements of out-pocket expenses in connection with our services. Services include system planning, design, configuration, testing, and other software implementation support, and are typically optional and distinct from our software. Fees for our services are separately priced and are generally billed on an hourly basis, and revenue is recognized over time as the services are performed. In certain situations, we render professional services under agreements based upon a fixed fee for portions of or all of the engagement. Revenue related to fixed-fee-based services contracts is recognized over time based on the proportion performed. The total amount of expense reimbursement included in services revenue was $3.6 million and $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

As part of a complete solution, our customers periodically purchase hardware products developed and manufactured by third parties from us for use with the software licenses purchased from us. These products include computer hardware, radio frequency terminal networks, radio frequency identification (RFID) chip readers, bar code printers and scanners, and other peripherals. As we do not physically control the hardware that we sell, we are acting as an agent in the transaction and recognize our hardware revenue net of related cost. We recognize hardware revenue when control is transferred to the customer upon shipment.  

Significant Judgements

Our contracts with customers typically contain promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Judgement is required to determine whether each product and service is considered to be a distinct performance obligation that should be accounted for separately under the contract. We allocate the transaction price to the distinct performance obligations based on relative standalone selling price (“SSP”). We estimate SSP based on the prices charged to customers, or by using information such as market conditions and other observable inputs. However, the selling price of our software licenses is highly variable. Thus, we estimate SSP for software licenses using the residual approach, determined based on total transaction price less the SSP of other goods and services promised in the contract.

Contract Balances

Timing of invoicing to customers may differ from timing of revenue recognition. Payment terms for our software licenses vary. We have an established history of collecting under the terms of our software license contracts without providing refunds or concessions to our customers. Cloud subscriptions and maintenance are typically billed annually in advance. Services are typically billed monthly as performed. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, we have determined that our contracts generally do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of our invoicing terms

9

is to provide customers with predictable ways to purchase our software and services, not to provide or receive financing. Additionally, we are applying the practical expedient to exclude from consideration any contracts with payment terms of one year or less as we rarely offer terms extending beyond one year.  

Deferred revenue mainly represents amounts collected prior to having completed performance of maintenance, cloud subscriptions and professional services. $36.6 million of revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2018 was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

No revenue was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019 from performance obligations that were satisfied in prior periods.

Remaining Performance Obligations

As of March 31, 2019, approximately $100.5 million of revenue is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations for cloud subscriptions and maintenance contracts with a non-cancelable term greater than 1 year (including deferred revenue as well as amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods).  We expect to recognize revenue on approximately 50% of these remaining performance obligations over the next 24 months with the balance recognized thereafter.  We have elected not to provide disclosures regarding remaining performance obligations for contracts with a term of 1 year or less.

Returns and Allowances

We have not experienced significant returns or warranty claims to date and, as a result, have not recorded a provision for the cost of returns and product warranty claims.

We record an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the historical experience of write-offs and a detailed assessment of accounts receivable. Additions to the allowance for doubtful accounts generally represent a sales allowance on services revenue, which are recorded to operations as a reduction to services revenue. The total amount charged to operations was $0.9 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. In estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts, we consider the age of the accounts receivable, our historical write-offs, and the creditworthiness of the customer, among other factors. Should any of these factors change, the estimates made by us will also change accordingly, which could affect the level of our future allowances. Uncollectible accounts are written off when it is determined that the specific balance is not collectible.  

Deferred Commissions

We consider sales commissions to be incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. We defer and recognize an asset for sales commissions related to performance obligations with an expected period of benefit of more than one year.  We apply the practical expedient to expense sales commissions when the amortization period would have been one year or less. Deferred commissions were $3.9 million as of March 31, 2019, of which $2.6 million is included in other assets and $1.3 million is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Sales commission expense is included in Sales and Marketing expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Amortization of sales commissions was $0.4 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. No impairment losses were recognized during the periods.

3. Fair Value Measurement

We measure our investments based on a fair value hierarchy disclosure framework that prioritizes and ranks the level of market price observability used in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value.  Market price observability is affected by a number of factors, including the type of asset or liability and its characteristics.  This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels as follows:

• Level 1–Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments.

• Level 2–Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.

• Level 3–Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

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Investments with maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase are classified as cash equivalents; investments with maturities of greater than 90 days from the date of purchase but less than one year are generally classified as short-term investments; and investments with maturities of one year or greater from the date of purchase are generally classified as long-term investments.  Unrealized holding gains and losses are reflected as a net amount in a separate component of shareholders’ equity until realized.  For the purposes of computing realized gains and losses, cost is determined on a specific identification basis.

At March 31, 2019, our cash and cash equivalents were $87.4 million and $17.5 million, respectively. We had no short-term investments at March 31, 2019 and, currently, have no long-term investments. Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid money market funds of $9.7 million and certificates of deposit of $7.8 million. Short-term investments in the prior period consisted of certificates of deposit. For money market funds, we use quoted prices from active markets that are classified at Level 1, the highest level of observable input in the disclosure hierarchy framework. We had no investments classified at Level 2 or Level 3 at March 31, 2019.

4. Leases

We lease our facilities and some of our equipment under noncancelable operating lease arrangements that expire at various dates through 2029. In 2019, we entered into two lease agreements for office space in Bangalore, India for a ten-year term. The total operating lease liabilities for these leases at March 31, 2019 was approximately $13.1 million. In 2014, we amended our Atlanta headquarters lease to obtain additional space and extended the lease term to September 2025. As part of this amended lease agreement, we received reimbursement of $1.3 million from the landlord in 2018 for leasehold improvements. For a few of our facility leases, we have certain options to extend the lease term for up to 10 years, at our sole discretion. We have no finance leases.

We present below the operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands):

	March 31, 2019
ASSETS
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	39,869
LIABILITIES
Operating lease liabilities, current (included in accrued and other liabilities)	$	6,568
Operating lease liabilities, long-term		35,896
Total operating lease liabilities	$	42,464

Aggregate future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases as of March 31, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending December 31,
2019 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2019)	$	5,086
2020		6,710
2021		6,399
2022		6,274
2023		6,435
Thereafter		19,154
Total minimum payments required		50,058
Less short-term leases		(175	)
Less imputed interest		(7,419	)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	42,464

The total lease cost for the three months ended March 31, 2019. was $2.0 million, which consists of $1.9 million operating lease costs and $0.1 million short-term lease costs. Our variable lease costs for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were immaterial. Total lease costs for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $1.8 million.

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Other information related to operating leases are as follows:

Weighted average remaining lease term	7.4 years
Weighted average discount rate	4%
Supplemental cash flow information - operating cash flows (in thousands):
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	1,685

5. Equity-Based Compensation

We granted 912,219 and 467,526 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Equity-based compensation expense related to RSUs was $7.2 million and $4.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

We present below a summary of changes during the three months ended March 31, 2019 in our unvested units of restricted stock:

	Number of shares/units
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		997,173
Granted		912,219
Vested		(341,382	)
Forfeited		(10,370	)
Outstanding at March 31, 2019		1,557,640

6. Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate was 24.8% and 20.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is the result of a decrease in deductible tax expense of: $0.8 million in excess tax benefits on restricted stock vestings and $0.3 million related to a provisional one-time estimate for the impact of 2017 U.S. Tax Reform recorded in 2018.

We apply the provisions for income taxes related to, among other things, accounting for uncertain tax positions and disclosure requirements in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, there were no material changes to our uncertain tax positions. There has been no change to our policy that recognizes potential interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions within our global operations in income tax expense.

We conduct business globally and, as a result, file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions.  In the normal course of business, Manhattan is subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the world.  We are no longer subject to the U.S. federal, substantially all state and local income tax examinations and substantially all non-U.S. income tax examinations for years before 2012.

7. Basic and Diluted Net Income Per Share

Basic net income per share is computed using net income divided by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding (“Weighted Shares”) for the period presented.

Diluted net income per share is computed using net income divided by Weighted Shares and the treasury stock method effect of common equivalent shares (“CESs”) outstanding for each period presented.

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In the following table, we present a reconciliation of earnings per share and the shares used in the computation of earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Net income	$	20,972	$	22,652
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.32	$	0.34
Effect of CESs		-		(0.01	)
Diluted	$	0.32	$	0.33
Weighted average number of shares:
Basic		64,909		67,553
Effect of CESs		295		183
Diluted		65,204		67,736

The number of anti-dilutive CESs during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was immaterial.

8. Contingencies

From time to time, we may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of the ordinary course of business, and occasionally legal proceedings not in the ordinary course. Many of our installations involve products that are critical to the operations of our clients’ businesses. Any failure in a company’s product could result in a claim for substantial damages against us, regardless of our responsibility for such failure. Although we attempt to limit contractually our liability for damages arising from product failures or negligent acts or omissions, there can be no assurance that the limitations of liability set forth in our contracts will be enforceable in all instances. We are not currently a party to any legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business or other legal proceedings the result of which we believe is likely to have a material adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. We expense legal costs associated with loss contingencies as such legal costs are incurred.

9. Operating Segments

We manage our business by geography, and have three geographic reportable segments: North and Latin America (the “Americas”); Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA); and Asia Pacific (APAC). All segments derive revenue from the sale and implementation of our supply chain commerce solutions.  The individual products sold by the segments are similar in nature and are all designed to help companies manage the effectiveness and efficiency of their supply chain commerce. We use the same accounting policies for each reportable segment. The chief executive officer and chief financial officer evaluate performance based on revenue and operating results for each reportable segment.

The Americas segment charges royalty fees to the other segments based on software licenses and cloud subscriptions sold by those reportable segments. The royalties, which totaled approximately $1.7 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, are included in costs of revenue for each segment with a corresponding reduction in the Americas segment’s cost of revenue. The revenues represented below are from external customers only. The geography-based costs consist of costs for professional services personnel, direct sales and marketing expenses, infrastructure costs to support the employee and customer base, billing and financial systems, management and general and administrative support.  Certain corporate expenses included in the Americas segment are not charged to the other segments.  Such expenses include research and development, certain marketing and general and administrative costs that support the global organization, and the amortization of acquired developed technology. Costs in the Americas segment include all research and development costs, including the costs associated with our operations in India.

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In accordance with the segment reporting topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, we present below certain financial information by reportable segment for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019								2018
	Americas		EMEA		APAC		Consolidated		Americas		EMEA		APAC		Consolidated
Revenue:
Cloud subscriptions	$	6,920	$	744	$	195	$	7,859	$	4,103	$	366	$	-	$	4,469
Software license		6,128		6,045		241		12,414		3,491		1,800		2,264		7,555
Maintenance		29,101		4,891		2,107		36,099		29,442		5,016		1,939		36,397
Services		69,323		14,608		4,700		88,631		64,188		11,982		2,587		78,757
Hardware