10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from             to             

Commission file number 1-8267

EMCOR Group, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware		11-2125338
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
301 Merritt Seven
Norwalk,	Connecticut	06851-1092
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

(203)	849-7800
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	EME	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Applicable Only To Corporate Issuers

Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of the close of business on October 23, 2023: 47,044,440 shares.

[This Page Intentionally Left Blank]

EMCOR Group, Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		PAGE
PART I. - Financial Information.
Item 1.	Financial Statements.
	Consolidated Balance Sheets - as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity - three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity - nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	6
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	28
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.	40
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures.	41
PART II. - Other Information.
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings.	42
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.	42
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures.	42
Item 5.	Other Information.	42
Item 6.	Exhibits.	43

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They generally contain words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “may,” “can,” “could,” “might,” variations of such wording and other words or phrases of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements in this report include discussions of our future operating or financial performance and other forward-looking commentary regarding aspects of our business, including market share growth, gross profit, remaining performance obligations, project mix, projects with varying profit margins and contractual terms, selling, general and administrative expenses, our ability to maintain a strong safety record, and trends in our business, and other characterizations of future events or circumstances, such as the effects of supply chain disruptions and delays. Each forward-looking statement included in this report is subject to risks and uncertainties, including those identified in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section, and other sections of this report, and in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, including, without limitation, the “Risk Factors” section of such Form 10-K. Applicable risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

•adverse effects of general economic conditions;

•changes in interest rates;

•domestic and international political developments;

•changes in the specific markets for EMCOR’s services;

•adverse business conditions, including scarcity of skilled labor, productivity challenges, the nature and extent of supply chain disruptions impacting availability and pricing of materials, and inflationary trends more generally, including fluctuations in energy costs;

•the impact of legislation and/or government regulations;

•the availability of adequate levels of surety bonding;

•increased competition;

•unfavorable developments in the mix of our business; and

•other factors discussed elsewhere in this report.

Such risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those that might be anticipated from, or projected or implied by, our forward-looking statements. Accordingly, these statements do not guarantee future performance or events. The forward-looking statements contained in this report speak only as of the filing date of this report. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements unless required by law. However, any further disclosures made on related subjects in our subsequent reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) should be consulted. We caution investors not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, due to their inherent uncertainty.

PART I. – FINANCIAL INFORMATION.

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

	(Unaudited) September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	523,632	$	456,439
Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses of $21,644 and $22,382, respectively	3,063,917		2,567,371
Contract assets	308,868		273,176
Inventories	115,466		85,641
Prepaid expenses and other	57,012		79,346
Total current assets	4,068,895		3,461,973
Property, plant and equipment, net	170,693		157,819
Operating lease right-of-use assets	306,112		268,063
Goodwill	953,359		919,151
Identifiable intangible assets, net	600,790		593,975
Other assets	124,344		123,626
Total assets	$	6,224,193	$	5,524,607
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt and finance lease liabilities	$	6,482	$	15,567
Accounts payable	824,155		849,284
Contract liabilities	1,489,324		1,098,263
Accrued payroll and benefits	553,838		465,000
Other accrued expenses and liabilities	284,275		258,190
Operating lease liabilities, current	74,728		67,218
Total current liabilities	3,232,802		2,753,522
Long-term debt and finance lease liabilities	97,480		231,625
Operating lease liabilities, long-term	256,306		220,764
Other long-term obligations	357,636		344,405
Total liabilities	3,944,224		3,550,316
Equity:
EMCOR Group, Inc. stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.10 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, zero issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 61,074,439 and 60,947,947 shares issued, respectively	611		609
Capital surplus	87,018		74,795
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(91,357)		(93,451)
Retained earnings	3,611,442		3,214,281
Treasury stock, at cost 13,932,485 and 13,281,222 shares, respectively	(1,328,784)		(1,222,645)
Total EMCOR Group, Inc. stockholders’ equity	2,278,930		1,973,589
Noncontrolling interests	1,039		702
Total equity	2,279,969		1,974,291
Total liabilities and equity	$	6,224,193	$	5,524,607

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

1

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)(Unaudited)

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues	$	3,207,598	$	2,826,361	$	9,143,652	$	8,126,298
Cost of sales	2,662,126		2,413,130		7,672,058		6,977,504
Gross profit	545,472		413,231		1,471,594		1,148,794
Selling, general and administrative expenses	308,139		263,137		882,684		761,099
Impairment loss on long-lived assets	2,350		—		2,350		—
Operating income	234,983		150,094		586,560		387,695
Net periodic pension (cost) income	(284)		1,025		(840)		3,288
Interest expense, net	(90)		(3,194)		(4,614)		(6,234)
Income before income taxes	234,609		147,925		581,106		384,749
Income tax provision	64,863		42,153		159,292		104,927
Net income including noncontrolling interests	169,746		105,772		421,814		279,822
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	337		—		337		—
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc.	$	169,409	$	105,772	$	421,477	$	279,822
Basic earnings per common share	$	3.59	$	2.16	$	8.88	$	5.52
Diluted earnings per common share	$	3.57	$	2.16	$	8.85	$	5.50
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.18	$	0.13	$	0.51	$	0.39

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)(Unaudited)        

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income including noncontrolling interests	$	169,746	$	105,772	$	421,814	$	279,822
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(5,368)		(8,712)		503		(19,257)
Post-retirement plans, amortization of actuarial loss included in net income (1)	538		404		1,591		1,288
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(4,830)		(8,308)		2,094		(17,969)
Comprehensive income	164,916		97,464		423,908		261,853
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	337		—		337		—
Comprehensive income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc.	$	164,579	$	97,464	$	423,571	$	261,853

_________

(1)Net of tax of $0.5 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and net of tax of $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)(Unaudited) 

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows - operating activities:
Net income including noncontrolling interests	$	421,814	$	279,822
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	38,444		35,168
Amortization of identifiable intangible assets	49,335		45,465
Non-cash expense for impairment of long-lived assets	2,350		—
Non-cash share-based compensation expense	10,703		9,322
Other reconciling items	(3,865)		(682)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effect of businesses acquired	(42,884)		(130,741)
Net cash provided by operating activities	475,897		238,354
Cash flows - investing activities:
Payments for acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired	(89,741)		(91,078)
Proceeds from sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment	12,015		6,897
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(56,306)		(38,717)
Net cash used in investing activities	(134,032)		(122,898)
Cash flows - financing activities:
Proceeds from revolving credit facility	100,000		270,000
Repayments of revolving credit facility	(100,000)		(100,000)
Repayments of long-term debt	(142,813)		—
Repayments of finance lease liabilities	(2,138)		(2,741)
Dividends paid to stockholders	(24,198)		(20,037)
Repurchases of common stock	(105,299)		(656,573)
Taxes paid related to net share settlements of equity awards	(5,365)		(7,295)
Issuances of common stock under employee stock purchase plan	6,769		6,097
Payments for contingent consideration arrangements	(3,113)		(2,049)
Net cash used in financing activities	(276,157)		(512,598)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	856		(20,540)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	66,564		(417,682)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of year (1)	457,068		822,568
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period (2)	$	523,632	$	404,886

_________

(1)Includes $0.6 million and $1.2 million of restricted cash classified as “Prepaid expenses and other” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(2)Includes $1.1 million of restricted cash classified as “Prepaid expenses and other” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2023

(In thousands)(Unaudited)        

			EMCOR Group, Inc. Stockholders
	Total		Common stock		Capital surplus		Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1)		Retained earnings		Treasury stock		Noncontrolling interests
Balance, June 30, 2022	$	1,952,791	$	609	$	65,212	$	(93,223)	$	2,995,844	$	(1,016,353)	$	702
Net income including noncontrolling interests	105,772		—		—		—		105,772		—		—
Other comprehensive loss	(8,308)		—		—		(8,308)		—		—		—
Tax withholding for common stock issued under share-based compensation plans	(56)		—		(56)		—		—		—		—
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan	2,074		—		2,074		—		—		—		—
Common stock dividends	(6,418)		—		32		—		(6,450)		—		—
Repurchases of common stock	(206,292)		—		—		—		—		(206,292)		—
Share-based compensation expense	2,859		—		2,859		—		—		—		—
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	1,842,422	$	609	$	70,121	$	(101,531)	$	3,095,166	$	(1,222,645)	$	702
Balance, June 30, 2023	$	2,118,087	$	611	$	81,556	$	(86,527)	$	3,450,553	$	(1,328,808)	$	702
Net income including noncontrolling interests	169,746		—		—		—		169,409		—		337
Other comprehensive loss	(4,830)		—		—		(4,830)		—		—		—
Tax withholding for common stock issued under share-based compensation plans	(70)		—		(70)		—		—		—		—
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan	2,328		—		2,328		—		—		—		—
Common stock dividends	(8,484)		—		36		—		(8,520)		—		—
Repurchases of common stock (2)	24		—		—		—		—		24		—
Share-based compensation expense	3,168		—		3,168		—		—		—		—
Balance, September 30, 2023	$	2,279,969	$	611	$	87,018	$	(91,357)	$	3,611,442	$	(1,328,784)	$	1,039

_________

(1)Represents cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments and post-retirement liability adjustments.

(2)Represents adjustment to estimate of excise tax on net share repurchases. Estimates of excise tax are subject to change in subsequent reporting periods, particularly if the amount of our share issuances exceed our share repurchases, thereby reducing the estimated excise tax due for the annual period. Refer to Note 10 - Common Stock for further detail regarding the excise tax on net share repurchases.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2023

(In thousands)(Unaudited)        

			EMCOR Group, Inc. Stockholders
	Total		Common stock		Capital surplus		Accumulated other comprehensive loss (1)		Retained earnings		Treasury stock		Noncontrolling interests
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	2,253,089	$	607	$	61,874	$	(83,562)	$	2,835,504	$	(562,036)	$	702
Net income including noncontrolling interests	279,822		—		—		—		279,822		—		—
Other comprehensive loss	(17,969)		—		—		(17,969)		—		—		—
Common stock issued under share-based compensation plans	2		2		—		—		—		—		—
Tax withholding for common stock issued under share-based compensation plans	(7,295)		—		(7,295)		—		—		—		—
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan	6,097		—		6,097		—		—		—		—
Common stock dividends	(20,037)		—		123		—		(20,160)		—		—
Repurchases of common stock	(660,609)		—		—		—		—		(660,609)		—
Share-based compensation expense	9,322		—		9,322		—		—		—		—
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	1,842,422	$	609	$	70,121	$	(101,531)	$	3,095,166	$	(1,222,645)	$	702
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	1,974,291	$	609	$	74,795	$	(93,451)	$	3,214,281	$	(1,222,645)	$	702
Net income including noncontrolling interests	421,814		—		—		—		421,477		—		337
Other comprehensive income	2,094		—		—		2,094		—		—		—
Common stock issued under share-based compensation plans	—		2		(2)		—		—		—		—
Tax withholding for common stock issued under share-based compensation plans	(5,365)		—		(5,365)		—		—		—		—
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan	6,769		—		6,769		—		—		—		—
Common stock dividends	(24,198)		—		118		—		(24,316)		—		—
Repurchases of common stock	(106,139)		—		—		—		—		(106,139)		—
Share-based compensation expense	10,703		—		10,703		—		—		—		—
Balance, September 30, 2023	$	2,279,969	$	611	$	87,018	$	(91,357)	$	3,611,442	$	(1,328,784)	$	1,039

 _________

(1)Represents cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments and post-retirement liability adjustments.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 1 - Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Consequently, certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. References to the “Company,” “EMCOR,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and similar words refer to EMCOR Group, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise. Readers of this report should refer to the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting only of those of a normal recurring nature) necessary to present fairly our financial position and the results of our operations.

Our reportable segments and related disclosures reflect certain reclassifications of prior year amounts from our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment to our United States building services segment due to changes in our internal reporting structure aimed at realigning our service offerings.

The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.

NOTE 2 - New Accounting Pronouncements

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) has issued an accounting standards update, which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to existing U.S. GAAP. This guidance is aimed at easing the financial reporting burdens related to reference rate reform, including the market transition from the London interbank offered rate (“LIBOR”), or other interbank offered rates, to alternative reference rates. Such accounting pronouncement, as amended, allows entities to account for and present certain contract modifications, which occur before December 31, 2024 and result from the transition to an alternative reference rate, as an event that does not require remeasurement at the modification date or reassessment of a previous accounting determination. In order to utilize such guidance, an entity must first conclude that the modified terms directly replace or have the potential to replace an eligible reference rate due to reference rate reform, and that any contemporaneous changes to other terms that change, or have the potential to change, the amount or timing of contractual cash flows are related to the replacement of a reference rate. During the second quarter of 2023, we amended our credit agreement to change the reference rate from LIBOR to an interest rate based on the secured overnight financing rate, as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“SOFR”). As such amendment falls within the scope of the aforementioned guidance, we adopted this accounting pronouncement and utilized the optional expedients referenced above. We are not exposed to any other material contracts that reference LIBOR. The amendment of our credit agreement and the adoption of this accounting pronouncement did not have a material impact on our financial position and/or results of operations.

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services by applying the following five step model:

(1) Identify the contract with a customer

A contract with a customer exists when: (a) the parties have approved the contract and are committed to perform their respective obligations, (b) the rights of the parties can be identified, (c) payment terms can be identified, (d) the arrangement has commercial substance, and (e) collectability of consideration is probable. Judgment is required when determining if the contractual criteria are met, specifically in the earlier stages of a project when a formally executed contract may not yet exist. In these situations, the Company evaluates all relevant facts and circumstances, including the existence of other forms of documentation or historical experience with our customers that may indicate a contractual agreement is in place and revenue should be recognized. In determining if the collectability of consideration is probable, the Company considers the customer’s ability and intention to pay such consideration through an evaluation of several factors, including an assessment of the creditworthiness of the customer and our prior collection history with such customer.

7

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

(2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract

At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods or services promised in a contract and identifies, as a separate performance obligation, each distinct promise to transfer goods or services to the customer. The identified performance obligations represent the “unit of account” for purposes of determining revenue recognition. In order to properly identify separate performance obligations, the Company applies judgment in determining whether each good or service provided is: (a) capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer, and (b) distinct within the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract.

In addition, when assessing performance obligations within a contract, the Company considers the warranty provisions included within such contract. To the extent the warranty terms provide the customer with an additional service, other than assurance that the promised good or service complies with agreed upon specifications, such warranty is accounted for as a separate performance obligation. In determining whether a warranty provides an additional service, the Company considers each warranty provision in comparison to warranty terms which are standard in the industry.

Our contracts are often modified through change orders to account for changes in the scope and price of the goods or services we are providing. Although the Company evaluates each change order to determine whether such modification creates a separate performance obligation, the majority of our change orders are for goods or services that are not distinct within the context of our original contract and, therefore, are not treated as separate performance obligations.

(3) Determine the transaction price

The transaction price represents the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to our customers. The consideration promised within a contract may include fixed amounts, variable amounts, or both. To the extent the performance obligation includes variable consideration, including contract bonuses and penalties that can either increase or decrease the transaction price, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration to be included in the transaction price utilizing one of two prescribed methods, depending on which method better predicts the amount of consideration to which the entity will be entitled. Such methods include: (a) the expected value method, whereby the amount of variable consideration to be recognized represents the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts, and (b) the most likely amount method, whereby the amount of variable consideration to be recognized represents the single most likely amount in a range of possible consideration amounts. When applying these methods, the Company considers all information that is reasonably available, including historical, current, and estimates of future performance. The expected value method is typically utilized in situations where a contract contains a large number of possible outcomes while the most likely amount method is typically utilized in situations where a contract has only two possible outcomes.

Variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent it is probable, in the Company’s judgment, that a significant future reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized under the contract will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. This threshold is referred to as the variable consideration constraint. In assessing whether to apply the variable consideration constraint, the Company considers if factors exist that could increase the likelihood or the magnitude of a potential reversal of revenue, including, but not limited to, whether: (a) the amount of consideration is highly susceptible to factors outside of the Company’s influence, such as the actions of third parties, (b) the uncertainty surrounding the amount of consideration is not expected to be resolved for a long period of time, (c) the Company’s experience with similar types of contracts is limited or that experience has limited predictive value, (d) the Company has a practice of either offering a broad range of price concessions or changing the payment terms and conditions of similar contracts in similar circumstances, and (e) the contract has a large number and broad range of possible consideration amounts.

Pending change orders represent one of the most common forms of variable consideration included within contract value and typically represent contract modifications for which a change in scope has been authorized or acknowledged by our customer but the final adjustment to contract price is yet to be negotiated. In estimating the transaction price for pending change orders, the Company considers all relevant facts, including documented correspondence with the customer regarding acknowledgment of and/or agreement with the modification, as well as historical experience with the customer or similar contractual circumstances. Based upon this assessment, the Company estimates the transaction price, including whether the variable consideration constraint should be applied.

8

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

Contract claims are another form of variable consideration which is common within our industry. Claim amounts represent revenue that has been recognized for contract modifications that are not submitted or are in dispute as to both scope and price. In estimating the transaction price for claims, the Company considers all relevant facts available. However, given the uncertainty surrounding claims, including the potential long-term nature of dispute resolution and the broad range of possible consideration amounts, there is an increased likelihood that any additional contract revenue associated with contract claims is constrained. The resolution of claims involves negotiations and, in certain cases, litigation. In the event litigation costs are incurred by us in connection with claims, such litigation costs are expensed as incurred, although we may seek to recover these costs.

For some transactions, the receipt of consideration does not match the timing of the transfer of goods or services to the customer. For such contracts, the Company evaluates whether this timing difference represents a financing arrangement within the contract. Although rare, if a contract is determined to contain a significant financing component, the Company adjusts the promised amount of consideration for the effects of the time value of money when determining the transaction price of such contract. Although our customers may retain a portion of the contract price until completion of the project and final contract settlement, these retainage amounts are not considered a significant financing component as the intent of the withheld amounts is to provide the customer with assurance that we will complete our obligations under the contract rather than to provide financing to the customer. In addition, although we may be entitled to advanced payments from our customers on certain contracts, these advanced payments generally do not represent a significant financing component as the payments are used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract, as well as to protect us from our customer failing to meet its obligations under the contract.

Changes in the estimates of transaction prices are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions to the estimates are made. Such changes in estimates can result in the recognition of revenue in a current period for performance obligations which were satisfied or partially satisfied in prior periods. Such changes in estimates may also result in the reversal of previously recognized revenue if the ultimate outcome differs from the Company’s previous estimate.

(4) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

For contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price. The Company determines the standalone selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation would have been sold separately in similar circumstances to similar customers. If the standalone selling price is not observable, the Company estimates the standalone selling price taking into account all available information such as market conditions and internal pricing guidelines. In certain circumstances, the standalone selling price is determined using an expected profit margin on anticipated costs related to the performance obligation.

(5) Recognize revenue as performance obligations are satisfied

The Company recognizes revenue at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to its customers. A good or service is considered to be transferred when the customer obtains control. The Company can transfer control of a good or service and satisfy its performance obligations either over time or at a point in time. The Company transfers control of a good or service over time and, therefore, satisfies a performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time if one of the following three criteria are met: (a) the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company’s performance as we perform, (b) the Company’s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced, or (c) the Company’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to us, and we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.

For our performance obligations satisfied over time, we recognize revenue by measuring the progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion can be either an input method or an output method and requires judgment based on the nature of the goods or services to be provided.

9

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

For our construction contracts, revenue is generally recognized over time as our performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as it is created or enhanced. Our fixed price construction projects generally use a cost-to-cost input method to measure our progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation as we believe it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. For our unit price construction contracts, progress towards complete satisfaction is measured through an output method, such as the number of units produced or delivered, when our performance does not produce significant amounts of work in process or finished goods prior to complete satisfaction of such performance obligations.

For our services contracts, revenue is also generally recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of our performance as we perform the service. For our fixed price service contracts with specified service periods, revenue is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over such service period when our inputs are expended evenly and the customer receives and consumes the benefits of our performance throughout the contract term.

The timing of revenue recognition for the manufacturing of new build heat exchangers within our United States industrial services segment depends on the payment terms of the contract, as our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to us. For those contracts for which we have a right to payment for performance completed to date at all times throughout our performance, inclusive of a cancellation, we recognize revenue over time. For these performance obligations, we use a cost-to-cost input method to measure our progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation as we believe it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. However, for those contracts for which we do not have a right, at all times, to payment for performance completed to date, we recognize revenue at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer. For bill-and-hold arrangements, revenue is recognized when the customer obtains control of the heat exchanger, which may be prior to shipping if certain recognition criteria are met.

For certain of our revenue streams, such as call-out repair and service work, outage services, refinery turnarounds, and specialty welding services that are performed under time and materials contracts, our progress towards complete satisfaction of such performance obligations is measured using an output method as the customer receives and consumes the benefits of our performance completed to date.

Changes in Estimates

Due to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, as well as the significant judgment involved in determining variable consideration, it is possible that estimates of costs to complete a performance obligation, and/or our estimates of transaction prices, will be revised in the near term. For those performance obligations for which revenue is recognized using a cost-to-cost input method, changes in total estimated costs, and related progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, or changes in the estimate of transaction prices, are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions to the estimates are made. When the current estimate of total costs for a performance obligation indicates a loss, a provision for the entire estimated loss on the unsatisfied performance obligation is made in the period in which the loss becomes evident.

Based on an evaluation of individual projects that had revisions to total estimated costs or anticipated contract value, which resulted in a reduction of profitability in excess of $1.0 million, our operating results were negatively impacted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, as summarized in the following table (in thousands):

	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	2,635	$	10,549	$	12,219	$	26,460
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	7,933		1,273		13,416		8,443
United States building services	—		—		2,977		—
Total impact	$	10,568	$	11,822	$	28,612	$	34,903

10

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized revenue of approximately $10.0 million and $22.6 million, respectively, on individual projects that were substantially complete in prior periods, but had revisions to total estimated cost or anticipated contract value, which resulted in an increase to profitability in excess of $1.0 million. Of the amounts recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, approximately $4.2 million and $4.3 million, respectively, were reported within our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment and approximately $5.8 million and $18.3 million, respectively, were reported within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment. There were no significant amounts of revenue recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 related to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods.

Disaggregation of Revenues

Our revenues are principally derived from contracts to provide construction services relating to electrical and mechanical systems, as well as to provide a number of building services and industrial services to our customers. Our contracts are with many different customers in numerous industries.

The following tables provide further disaggregation of our revenues, by categories we use to evaluate our financial performance within each of our reportable segments, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except for percentages). Refer to Note 14 - Segment Information of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information on how we disaggregate our revenues by reportable segment.

Due to continued growth in certain of our end markets, beginning with the first quarter of 2023, we have expanded the market sectors included in the disclosure for each of our United States construction segments, as shown below. All prior period disclosures have been adjusted to additionally reflect these changes.

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States electrical construction and facilities services:
Network and communications market sector	$	236,454	34	%	$	209,265	33	%
Commercial market sector	104,270		15	%	106,058		17	%
Manufacturing and industrial market sector	97,788		14	%	78,562		12	%
Healthcare market sector	62,126		9	%	43,911		7	%
High-tech manufacturing market sector	33,482		5	%	20,132		3	%
Institutional market sector	37,916		6	%	46,344		7	%
Transportation market sector	43,287		6	%	40,525		7	%
Water and wastewater market sector	6,327		1	%	5,466		1	%
Hospitality and entertainment market sector	16,708		2	%	8,598		1	%
Short duration projects (1)	43,481		6	%	58,637		9	%
Service work	15,927		2	%	16,829		3	%
	697,766				634,327
Less intersegment revenues	(360)				(944)
Total segment revenues	$	697,406			$	633,383

 ________

(1)Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.

11

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States mechanical construction and facilities services:
Network and communications market sector	$	102,630	8	%	$	87,070	8	%
Commercial market sector	283,659		21	%	271,908		25	%
Manufacturing and industrial market sector	178,123		13	%	156,524		14	%
Healthcare market sector	123,025		9	%	120,185		11	%
High-tech manufacturing market sector	255,229		19	%	81,970		7	%
Institutional market sector	89,215		7	%	99,066		9	%
Transportation market sector	10,168		1	%	15,494		1	%
Water and wastewater market sector	65,219		5	%	66,667		6	%
Hospitality and entertainment market sector	14,716		1	%	9,910		1	%
Short duration projects (1)	81,851		6	%	76,073		7	%
Service work	128,912		10	%	127,033		11	%
	1,332,747				1,111,900
Less intersegment revenues	(3,147)				(3,245)
Total segment revenues	$	1,329,600			$	1,108,655

 ________

(1)Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States building services:
Mechanical services	$	542,371	66	%	$	471,134	65	%
Commercial site-based services	222,499		27	%	199,957		28	%
Government site-based services	52,848		7	%	48,292		7	%
Total segment revenues	$	817,718			$	719,383

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States industrial services:
Field services	$	214,341	85	%	$	213,866	87	%
Shop services	37,807		15	%	33,373		13	%
Total segment revenues	$	252,148			$	247,239
Total United States operations	$	3,096,872			$	2,708,660

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United Kingdom building services:
Service work	$	54,286	49	%	$	51,762	44	%
Project work	56,440		51	%	65,939		56	%
Total segment revenues	$	110,726			$	117,701
Total operations	$	3,207,598			$	2,826,361

12

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States electrical construction and facilities services:
Network and communications market sector	$	665,493	33	%	$	534,130	31	%
Commercial market sector	295,188		15	%	301,908		17	%
Manufacturing and industrial market sector	278,912		14	%	210,331		12	%
Healthcare market sector	182,442		9	%	119,259		7	%
High-tech manufacturing market sector	102,075		5	%	62,956		4	%
Institutional market sector	112,577		5	%	115,799		7	%
Transportation market sector	118,436		6	%	128,047		7	%
Water and wastewater market sector	18,388		1	%	15,962		1	%
Hospitality and entertainment market sector	56,510		3	%	19,892		1	%
Short duration projects (1)	141,901		7	%	167,553		10	%
Service work	50,080		2	%	47,253		3	%
	2,022,002				1,723,090
Less intersegment revenues	(1,683)				(3,565)
Total segment revenues	$	2,020,319			$	1,719,525

________

(1)Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States mechanical construction and facilities services:
Network and communications market sector	$	289,085	8	%	$	203,347	6	%
Commercial market sector	828,809		23	%	799,729		25	%
Manufacturing and industrial market sector	485,809		13	%	461,385		15	%
Healthcare market sector	353,595		10	%	367,002		12	%
High-tech manufacturing market sector	549,678		15	%	211,071		7	%
Institutional market sector	224,889		6	%	251,715		8	%
Transportation market sector	31,615		1	%	47,793		1	%
Water and wastewater market sector	201,167		6	%	196,157		6	%
Hospitality and entertainment market sector	38,324		1	%	34,108		1	%
Short duration projects (1)	237,246		7	%	254,102		8	%
Service work	368,378		10	%	340,682		11	%
	3,608,595				3,167,091
Less intersegment revenues	(6,324)				(8,143)
Total segment revenues	$	3,602,271			$	3,158,948

 ________

(1)Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.

13

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States building services:
Mechanical services	$	1,519,410	65	%	$	1,300,555	64	%
Commercial site-based services	639,193		28	%	596,589		29	%
Government site-based services	159,502		7	%	144,411		7	%
Total segment revenues	$	2,318,105			$	2,041,555

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States industrial services:
Field services	$	751,062	86	%	$	732,826	87	%
Shop services	124,252		14	%	109,698		13	%
Total segment revenues	$	875,314			$	842,524
Total United States operations	$	8,816,009			$	7,762,552

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United Kingdom building services:
Service work	$	157,631	48	%	$	170,840	47	%
Project work	170,012		52	%	192,906		53	%
Total segment revenues	$	327,643			$	363,746
Total operations	$	9,143,652			$	8,126,298

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Accounts receivable are recognized in the period we deliver goods and services to our customers or when our right to consideration is unconditional. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to reduce outstanding receivables to their net realizable value. A considerable amount of judgment is required when determining expected credit losses. Estimates of such losses are recorded when we believe a customer, or group of customers, may not be able to meet their financial obligations due to deterioration in financial condition or credit rating. Factors relevant to our assessment include our prior collection history with our customers, the related aging of past due balances, projections of credit losses based on historical trends in credit quality indicators or past events, and forecasts of future economic conditions. In addition to monitoring delinquent accounts, management reviews the credit quality of its receivables by, among other things, obtaining credit ratings of significant customers, assessing economic and market conditions, and evaluating material changes to a customer’s business, cash flows, and financial condition.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our allowance for credit losses was $21.6 million and $22.4 million, respectively. The decrease in our allowance for credit losses was attributable to the write-off of specific amounts deemed uncollectible, partially offset by the provision for credit losses recorded during the first nine months of 2023. Allowances for credit losses are based on the best facts available and are reassessed and adjusted on a regular basis as additional information is received. Should anticipated collections fail to materialize, or if future economic conditions compare unfavorably to our forecasts, we could experience an increase in our credit losses.

14

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

The change in the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows (in thousands):

Balance at December 31, 2022	$	22,382
Provision for credit losses	5,256
Net amounts written off against the allowance, net of recoveries	(5,994)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	21,644

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Contract assets include unbilled amounts from our construction projects when revenues recognized under the cost-to-cost measure of progress exceed the amounts invoiced to our customers, as the amounts are not yet billable under the terms of our contracts. Such amounts are recoverable from our customers based upon various measures of performance, including achievement of certain milestones, completion of specified units, or completion of a contract. In addition, many of our time and materials arrangements, as well as our contracts to perform turnaround services within the United States industrial services segment, are billed in arrears pursuant to contract terms that are standard within the industry, resulting in contract assets and/or unbilled receivables being recorded as revenue is recognized in advance of billings.

Also included in contract assets are amounts we seek or will seek to collect from customers or others for errors or changes in contract specifications or design, contract change orders or modifications in dispute or unapproved as to scope and/or price, or other customer-related causes of unanticipated additional contract costs (claims and unapproved change orders). Our contract assets do not include capitalized costs to obtain and fulfill a contract. Contract assets are generally classified as current within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Contract liabilities from our construction contracts arise when amounts invoiced to our customers exceed revenues recognized under the cost-to-cost measure of progress. Contract liabilities additionally include advanced payments from our customers on certain contracts. Contract liabilities decrease as we recognize revenue from the satisfaction of the related performance obligation and are recorded as either current or long-term, depending upon when we expect to recognize such revenue. The long-term portion of contract liabilities is included in “Other long-term obligations” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Net contract liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contract assets, current	$	308,868	$	273,176
Contract assets, non-current	—		—
Contract liabilities, current	(1,489,324)		(1,098,263)
Contract liabilities, non-current	(2,060)		(2,273)
Net contract liabilities	$	(1,182,516)	$	(827,360)

Contract assets and contract liabilities increased by approximately $1.8 million and $5.0 million, respectively, as a result of acquisitions made by us during the first nine months of 2023. Excluding the impact of acquisitions, net contract liabilities increased by approximately $352.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily attributable to an increase in net contract liabilities on our uncompleted construction projects, partially as a result of the timing of invoicing to our customers, which included customer deposits and advanced billings on several large projects in the earlier stages of completion, resulting in amounts invoiced exceeding the revenue recognized for such projects. There was no significant impairment of contract assets recognized during the periods presented.

15

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations     

The following table presents the transaction price allocated to remaining unsatisfied performance obligations (“remaining performance obligations”) for each of our reportable segments and their respective percentages of total remaining performance obligations as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands, except for percentages):

	September 30, 2023		% of Total
Remaining performance obligations:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	2,158,104	25	%
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	4,875,551		56	%
United States building services	1,313,779		15	%
United States industrial services	133,894		2	%
Total United States operations	8,481,328		98	%
United Kingdom building services	154,115		2	%
Total operations	$	8,635,443	100	%

Our remaining performance obligations at September 30, 2023 were $8.64 billion. Remaining performance obligations increase with awards of new contracts and decrease as we perform work and recognize revenue on existing contracts. We include a project within our remaining performance obligations at such time the project is awarded and agreement on contract terms has been reached. Our remaining performance obligations include amounts related to contracts for which a fixed price contract value is not assigned when a reasonable estimate of the total transaction price can be made.

Remaining performance obligations include unrecognized revenues to be realized from uncompleted construction contracts. Although many of our construction contracts are subject to cancellation at the election of our customers, in accordance with industry practice, we do not limit the amount of unrecognized revenue included within remaining performance obligations for these contracts as the risk of cancellation is very low due to the inherent substantial economic penalty that our customers would incur upon cancellation or termination. We believe our reported remaining performance obligations for our construction contracts are firm and contract cancellations have not had a material adverse effect on us.

Remaining performance obligations also include unrecognized revenues expected to be realized over the remaining term of service contracts. However, to the extent a service contract includes a cancellation clause which allows for the termination of such contract by either party without a substantive penalty, the remaining contract term, and therefore, the amount of unrecognized revenues included within remaining performance obligations, is limited to the notice period required for the termination.

Our remaining performance obligations are comprised of: (a) original contract amounts, (b) change orders for which we have received written confirmations from our customers, (c) pending change orders for which we expect to receive confirmations in the ordinary course of business, (d) claim amounts that we have made against customers for which we have determined we have a legal basis under existing contractual arrangements and as to which the variable consideration constraint does not apply, and (e) other forms of variable consideration to the extent that such variable consideration has been included within the transaction price of our contracts. Such claim and other variable consideration amounts were immaterial for all periods presented.

Refer to the table below for additional information regarding our remaining performance obligations, including an estimate of when we expect to recognize such remaining performance obligations as revenue (in thousands):

	Within one year		Greater than one year
Remaining performance obligations:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	1,743,345	$	414,759
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	4,021,465		854,086
United States building services	1,166,368		147,411
United States industrial services	133,894		—
Total United States operations	7,065,072		1,416,256
United Kingdom building services	107,125		46,990
Total operations	$	7,172,197	$	1,463,246

16

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 4 - Acquisitions of Businesses

Acquisitions are accounted for utilizing the acquisition method of accounting and the prices paid for them are allocated to their respective assets and liabilities based upon the estimated fair value of such assets and liabilities at the dates of their respective acquisition by us.

During the first nine months of 2023, we acquired seven companies for total consideration of $92.8 million. Such acquisitions include: (a) a national energy efficiency specialty services firm, the results of operations of which have been included in our United States building services segment, and (b) six companies that enhance our presence in geographies where we have existing operations, the results of operations of which were de minimis, consisting of: (i) two companies that have been included within our Unites States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, one of which provides mechanical and pipe fabrication services, and one of which provides fire protection services, both in the Midwestern region of the United States, and (ii) four mechanical services companies in the Western and Midwestern regions of the United States, that have been included within our United States building services segment. In connection with these acquisitions, we acquired working capital of $9.1 million and other net liabilities of $6.7 million, including certain deferred tax liabilities, and have preliminarily ascribed $34.2 million to goodwill and $56.2 million to identifiable intangible assets. We expect that $23.2 million of the goodwill and identifiable intangible assets acquired in connection with these 2023 acquisitions will be deductible for tax purposes.

During calendar year 2022, we acquired six companies for total consideration of $100.8 million. Such acquisitions include: (a) a company that provides electrical construction services in the Greater Boston area, the results of operations of which have been included in our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment, and (b) five companies that enhance our presence in geographies where we have existing operations, the results of operations of which were de minimis, consisting of: (i) two companies that provide fire protection services in the Northeastern and Southern regions of the United States, respectively, and that have been included within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, (ii) two companies that specialize in either building automation and controls or mechanical services in the Southwestern and Southern regions of the United States, respectively, and that have been included within our United States building services segment, and (iii) a company that provides electrical construction services in the Midwestern region of the United States and that has been included within our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment. In connection with these acquisitions, we acquired working capital of $7.1 million and other net liabilities of $1.1 million, and have ascribed $28.9 million to goodwill and $65.9 million to identifiable intangible assets. We expect that all of the goodwill and identifiable intangible assets acquired in connection with these 2022 acquisitions will be deductible for tax purposes.

The purchase price allocations for the businesses acquired in 2023 are preliminary and subject to change during their respective measurement periods. As we finalize such purchase price allocations, adjustments may be recorded relating to finalization of intangible asset valuations, tax matters, or other items. Although not expected to be significant, such adjustments may result in changes in the valuation of assets and liabilities acquired. The purchase price allocations for the businesses acquired in 2022 have been finalized during their respective measurement periods with an insignificant impact.

NOTE 5 - Earnings Per Share

Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share

The following tables summarize our calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share (“EPS”) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc.	$	169,409	$	105,772
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute basic earnings per common share	47,173,974		48,867,420
Effect of dilutive securities—Share-based awards	224,223		182,731
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per common share	47,398,197		49,050,151
Basic earnings per common share	$	3.59	$	2.16
Diluted earnings per common share	$	3.57	$	2.16

17

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 5 - Earnings Per Share (Continued)

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc.	$	421,477	$	279,822
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute basic earnings per common share	47,446,298		50,676,365
Effect of dilutive securities—Share-based awards	196,465		197,010
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per common share	47,642,763		50,873,375
Basic earnings per common share	$	8.88	$	5.52
Diluted earnings per common share	$	8.85	$	5.50

The number of share-based awards excluded from the computation of diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 because they would be anti-dilutive were 400 and 800, respectively. The number of share-based awards excluded from the computation of diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 because they would be anti-dilutive were 850 and 1,350, respectively.

NOTE 6 - Inventories

Inventories in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following amounts as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials and construction materials	$	93,750	$	74,014
Work in process	21,716		11,627
Inventories	$	115,466	$	85,641

The increase in inventories as of September 30, 2023, compared to December 31, 2022, was a result of: (a) advanced purchases of materials and equipment for use on specific construction projects, in an effort to mitigate the impact of increased lead times, which have resulted from supply chain disruptions, (b) an increase in raw materials on hand to support our fabrication facilities given the growth in demand for our fire protection services, and (c) higher levels of work in process inventory within our United States industrial services segment given greater new build heat exchanger orders.

NOTE 7 - Debt        

Debt in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following amounts as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Term loan	$	100,000	$	242,813
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(1,360)		(2,080)
Finance lease liabilities	5,322		6,459
Total debt	103,962		247,192
Less: current maturities	6,482		15,567
Total long-term debt	$	97,480	$	231,625

18

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 7 - Debt (Continued)

Credit Agreement        

We have a credit agreement dated as of March 2, 2020, which provides for a $1.3 billion revolving credit facility (the “2020 Revolving Credit Facility”) and a $300.0 million term loan (the “2020 Term Loan”) (collectively referred to as the “Original 2020 Credit Agreement”) expiring March 2, 2025. On April 28, 2023, we entered into the First Amendment to the Original 2020 Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”), pursuant to which the reference rate contained therein was changed from LIBOR to Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined below). The Original 2020 Credit Agreement, as amended by the First Amendment, is hereinafter referred to as “the 2020 Credit Agreement.” We may increase the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility to $1.9 billion if additional lenders are identified and/or existing lenders are willing to increase their current commitments. We may allocate up to $400.0 million of available capacity under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility to letters of credit for our account or for the account of any of our subsidiaries.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balance of the 2020 Term Loan was $100.0 million and $242.8 million, respectively. There were no direct borrowings outstanding under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. However, outstanding letters of credit reduce the available capacity under such facility, and as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $123.7 million and $71.3 million, respectively, of letters of credit outstanding.

At the Company’s election, borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement bear interest at either: (1) a base rate plus a margin of 0.00% to 0.75%, based on certain financial tests, or (2) a rate equal to the secured overnight financing rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for the applicable tenor plus 0.10% (“Adjusted Term SOFR”) (5.42% at September 30, 2023) plus a margin of 1.00% to 1.75%, based on certain financial tests. The base rate is determined by the greater of: (a) the prime commercial lending rate announced by Bank of Montreal from time to time (8.50% at September 30, 2023), (b) the federal funds effective rate, plus ½ of 1.00%, (c) Adjusted Term SOFR for a one-month tenor, plus 1.00%, or (d) 0.00%.

The interest rates in effect at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were 6.42% and 5.73%, respectively. A commitment fee is payable on the average daily unused amount of the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility, which ranges from 0.10% to 0.25%, based on certain financial tests. The fee was 0.10% of the unused amount as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Fees for letters of credit issued under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility range from 0.75% to 1.75% of the respective face amounts of outstanding letters of credit, depending on the nature of the letter of credit, and are computed based on certain financial tests. We capitalized an additional $3.1 million of debt issuance costs associated with the 2020 Credit Agreement. Debt issuance costs are amortized over the life of the agreement as part of interest expense.

Obligations under the 2020 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by most of our direct and indirect subsidiaries and are secured by substantially all of our assets. The 2020 Credit Agreement contains various covenants providing for, among other things, the maintenance of certain financial ratios and certain limitations on the payment of dividends, common stock repurchases, investments, acquisitions, indebtedness, and capital expenditures. We were in compliance with all such covenants as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

We are required to make annual principal payments on the 2020 Term Loan. Voluntary prepayments are applied against the outstanding balance of the loan and reduce our future scheduled payments on a ratable basis. During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, we made a prepayment in the amount of $142.8 million. Based on our outstanding balance, principal payments of $5.0 million are due on December 31, 2023 and 2024, with any remaining unpaid principal and interest due on March 2, 2025.

NOTE 8 - Fair Value Measurements        

For disclosure purposes, we utilize a fair value hierarchy to categorize qualifying assets and liabilities into three broad levels based on the priority of the inputs used to determine their fair values. The hierarchy, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs, is comprised of the following three levels:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs, other than Level 1 inputs, that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability, including quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

19

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 8 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following tables summarize the assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):  

	Assets at Fair Value as of September 30, 2023
Asset Category	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents (1)	$	523,632	$	—	$	—	$	523,632
Deferred compensation plan assets (2)	43,004		—		—		43,004
Total	$	566,636	$	—	$	—	$	566,636

	Assets at Fair Value as of December 31, 2022
Asset Category	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents (1)	$	456,439	$	—	$	—	$	456,439
Deferred compensation plan assets (2)	36,882		—		—		36,882
Restricted cash (3)	629		—		—		629
Total	$	493,950	$	—	$	—	$	493,950

 _________________________

(1)Cash and cash equivalents consist of deposit accounts and money market funds with original maturity dates of three months or less, which are Level 1 assets. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $361.9 million and $209.4 million, respectively, in money market funds. From time to time, we have cash balances in certain of our domestic bank accounts that exceed federally insured limits.

(2)Deferred compensation plan assets are classified as “Other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(3)Restricted cash is classified as “Prepaid expenses and other” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Restricted cash primarily represents cash held in account for use on customer contracts.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

We have recorded goodwill and identifiable intangible assets in connection with our business acquisitions. Such assets are measured at fair value at the time of acquisition based on valuation techniques that appropriately represent the methods which would be used by other market participants in determining fair value. In addition, goodwill, intangible assets, and certain other long-lived assets are tested for impairment using similar valuation methodologies to determine the fair value of such assets. Periodically, we engage an independent third-party valuation specialist to assist with the valuation process, including the selection of appropriate methodologies and the development of market-based assumptions. The inputs used for these nonrecurring fair value measurements represent Level 3 inputs.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, we identified facts and circumstances that indicated the carrying values of certain long-lived assets within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment may not be fully recoverable, necessitating a comparison of their carrying values to the undiscounted pre-tax cash flows expected to result from the use of such assets. As a result of this test, we determined that these assets were impaired, and recognized a $2.4 million impairment charge as calculated using a discounted cash flow model. As of September 30, 2023, the value of these assets was $2.0 million, which represents fair value as determined on a nonrecurring basis.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We believe that the carrying values of our financial instruments, which include accounts receivable and other financing commitments, approximate their fair values due primarily to their short-term maturities and low risk of counterparty default. The carrying value of our debt associated with the 2020 Credit Agreement approximates its fair value due to the variable rate on such debt. 

20

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 9 - Income Taxes

The following table presents our income tax provision and our income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except percentages):

	For the three months ended September 30,						For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Income tax provision	$	64,863		$	42,153		$	159,292		$	104,927
Income tax rate	27.7		%	28.5		%	27.4		%	27.3		%

The difference between the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% and our effective income tax rate for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was primarily a result of state and local income taxes and other permanent book-to-tax differences.

The increase in our income tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, when compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, was primarily due to greater income before income taxes. While our effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is comparable to that for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the difference between our effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 was attributable to a revision to our estimate of the full year impact of certain permanent book-to-tax differences during the third quarter of 2022.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had no unrecognized income tax benefits.

We file a consolidated federal income tax return including all of our U.S. subsidiaries with the Internal Revenue Service. We additionally file income tax returns with various state, local, and foreign tax agencies. Our income tax returns are subject to audit by various taxing authorities and are currently under examination for the years 2017 through 2020.

Legislation has been enacted in the United Kingdom to implement measures in concert with the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Pillar Two framework for international taxation developed by the member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “Pillar Two Model Rules”). The Pillar Two Model Rules are intended to ensure that multinational enterprises pay a minimum 15% effective tax rate in every jurisdiction in which they operate. While we do not anticipate that these rules will have a material effect on our tax provision or effective tax rate, we continue to monitor evolving tax legislation in the jurisdictions in which we operate.

NOTE 10 - Common Stock        

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 47,141,954 and 47,666,725 shares of our common stock outstanding, respectively.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we issued 11,838 and 19,573 shares of common stock, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we issued 126,492 and 191,330 shares of common stock, respectively. These shares were issued upon either the satisfaction of required conditions under our share-based compensation plans or the purchase of common stock pursuant to our employee stock purchase plan.

We have paid quarterly dividends since October 25, 2011. We currently pay a regular quarterly dividend of $0.18 per share.

In September 2011, our Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized a share repurchase program allowing us to begin repurchasing shares of our outstanding common stock. Subsequently, the Board has from time to time increased the amount authorized for repurchases under such program. Since the inception of the repurchase program, the Board has authorized us to repurchase up to $2.15 billion of our outstanding common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we repurchased approximately 0.7 million shares of our common stock for approximately $106.1 million. Since the inception of the repurchase program through September 30, 2023, we have repurchased approximately 25.7 million shares of our common stock for approximately $1.87 billion. As of September 30, 2023, there remained authorization for us to repurchase approximately $283.7 million of our shares. The repurchase program has no expiration date, does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and may be suspended, recommenced, or discontinued at any time or from time to time without prior notice. We may repurchase our shares from time to time to the extent permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements, including provisions in our 2020 Credit Agreement placing limitations on such repurchases.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which was enacted into law on August 16, 2022, imposes a nondeductible excise tax of 1% on the fair value of net stock repurchases in excess of share issuances made by publicly traded U.S. corporations, effective for repurchases after December 31, 2022. Starting with the first quarter of 2023, we have included the applicable excise tax as a component of treasury stock as it represents a direct cost associated with the repurchase of our common stock.

21

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 11 - Retirement Plans

The funded status of our defined benefit plans, which represents the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligations, is recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses for the differences between actuarial assumptions and actual results are recognized through accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). These amounts will be subsequently recognized as net periodic pension cost (income) within the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Our United Kingdom subsidiary has a defined benefit pension plan covering all eligible employees (the “UK Plan”); however, no individual joining the company after October 31, 2001 may participate in the UK Plan. On May 31, 2010, we curtailed the future accrual of benefits for active employees under such plan.

We also sponsor three domestic retirement plans in which participation by new individuals is frozen. Amounts related to these domestic retirement plans were immaterial for all periods presented.

Components of Net Periodic Pension Cost

The components of net periodic pension cost (income) of the UK Plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands): 

	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest cost	$	2,472	$	1,344	$	7,299	$	4,325
Expected return on plan assets	(2,903)		(2,856)		(8,572)		(9,182)
Amortization of unrecognized loss	664		490		1,961		1,574
Net periodic pension cost (income)	$	233	$	(1,022)	$	688	$	(3,283)

NOTE 12 - Commitments and Contingencies

Severance Agreements

We have agreements with our executive officers and certain other key management personnel providing for severance benefits for such employees upon termination of their employment under certain circumstances.

Guarantees

In the ordinary course of business, we, at times, guarantee obligations of our subsidiaries under certain contracts. Generally, we are liable under such an arrangement only if our subsidiary fails to perform its obligations under the contract. Historically, we have not incurred any substantial liabilities as a consequence of these guarantees.

Surety Bonds

The terms of our construction contracts frequently require that we obtain from surety companies, and provide to our customers, surety bonds as a condition to the award of such contracts. These surety bonds are issued in return for premiums, which vary depending on the size and type of the bond, and secure our payment and performance obligations under such contracts. We have agreed to indemnify the surety companies for amounts, if any, paid by them in respect of surety bonds issued on our behalf. As of September 30, 2023, based on the percentage-of-completion of our projects covered by surety bonds, our aggregate estimated exposure, assuming defaults on all our then existing contractual obligations, was approximately $2.0 billion, which represents approximately 23% of our total remaining performance obligations.

Surety bonds are sometimes provided to secure obligations for wages and benefits payable to or for certain of our employees, at the request of labor unions representing such employees. In addition, surety bonds may be issued as collateral for certain insurance obligations. As of September 30, 2023, we satisfied approximately $48.1 million of the collateral requirements of our insurance programs by utilizing surety bonds.

We are not aware of any losses in connection with surety bonds that have been posted on our behalf, and we do not expect to incur significant losses in the foreseeable future.

22

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 12 - Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

Hazardous Materials

We are subject to regulation with respect to the handling or disposal of certain materials used in the performance of our services, which are classified as hazardous or toxic by federal, state, and local agencies. Our practice is to avoid participation in projects principally involving the remediation or removal of such materials. However, when remediation is required as part of our contract performance, we believe we comply with all applicable regulations governing the discharge of hazardous materials into the environment or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment.

Government Contracts

As a government contractor, we are subject to U.S. government audits and investigations relating to our operations, which such audits may result in fines, penalties and compensatory and treble damages, and possible suspension or debarment from doing business with the government. Based on currently available information, we believe the outcome of ongoing government disputes and investigations will not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

Legal Proceedings     

We are involved in several legal proceedings in which damages and claims have been asserted against us. We believe that we have a number of valid defenses to such proceedings and claims and intend to vigorously defend ourselves. We do not believe that any such matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. We record a loss contingency if the potential loss from a proceeding or claim is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated or a range of loss can be determined. We provide disclosure when it is reasonably possible that a loss will be incurred in excess of any recorded provision. Significant judgment is required in these determinations. As additional information becomes available, we reassess prior determinations and may change our estimates. Additional claims may be asserted against us in the future. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of litigation is not predictable with assurance. It is possible that a litigation matter for which liabilities have not been recorded could be decided unfavorably to us, and that any such unfavorable decision could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

Insurance Liabilities

We have loss payment deductibles for certain workers’ compensation, automobile liability, general liability, and property claims, have self-insured retentions for certain other casualty claims, and are self-insured for employee-related healthcare claims. In addition, we maintain a wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary to manage certain of our insurance liabilities. Losses are recorded based upon estimates of our liability for claims incurred and for claims incurred but not reported. The liabilities are derived from known facts, historical trends, and industry averages, utilizing the assistance of an independent third-party actuary to determine the best estimate for the majority of these obligations. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the estimated current portion of such undiscounted insurance liabilities, included in “Other accrued expenses and liabilities” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, were $52.4 million and $54.8 million, respectively. The estimated non-current portion of such undiscounted insurance liabilities included in “Other long-term obligations” as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $225.4 million and $221.7 million, respectively. The current portion of anticipated insurance recoveries of $13.2 million and $16.0 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were included in “Prepaid expenses and other” and the non-current portion of anticipated insurance recoveries of $50.6 million and $59.0 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were included in “Other assets” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

23

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 13 - Additional Cash Flow Information

The following table presents additional cash flow information for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):  

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cash paid for:
Interest	$	13,632	$	6,343
Income taxes	$	161,070	$	133,540
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	99,745	$	52,431
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	855	$	1,124

NOTE 14 - Segment Information

We are one of the largest specialty contractors in the United States and a leading provider of electrical and mechanical construction and facilities services, building services, and industrial services. Our services are provided to a broad range of commercial, technology, manufacturing, industrial, healthcare, utility, and institutional customers through approximately 100 operating subsidiaries. Such operating subsidiaries are organized into the following reportable segments:

•United States electrical construction and facilities services;

•United States mechanical construction and facilities services;

•United States building services;

•United States industrial services; and

•United Kingdom building services.

We refer to our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment and our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment together as our United States construction segments.

Our reportable segments and related disclosures reflect certain reclassifications of prior year amounts from our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment to our United States building services segment due to changes in our internal reporting structure aimed at realigning our service offerings.

24

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 14 - Segment Information (Continued)

The following tables present financial information for each of our reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): 

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Revenues from unrelated entities:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	697,406	$	633,383
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	1,329,600		1,108,655
United States building services	817,718		719,383
United States industrial services	252,148		247,239
Total United States operations	3,096,872		2,708,660
United Kingdom building services	110,726		117,701
Total operations	$	3,207,598	$	2,826,361
Total revenues:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	697,897	$	634,957
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	1,342,149		1,125,162
United States building services	846,400		744,801
United States industrial services	252,244		266,182
Less intersegment revenues	(41,818)		(62,442)
Total United States operations	3,096,872		2,708,660
United Kingdom building services	110,726		117,701
Total operations	$	3,207,598	$	2,826,361

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Revenues from unrelated entities:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	2,020,319	$	1,719,525
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	3,602,271		3,158,948
United States building services	2,318,105		2,041,555
United States industrial services	875,314		842,524
Total United States operations	8,816,009		7,762,552
United Kingdom building services	327,643		363,746
Total operations	$	9,143,652	$	8,126,298
Total revenues:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	2,022,557	$	1,724,400
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	3,650,875		3,187,117
United States building services	2,397,944		2,116,385
United States industrial services	883,808		878,123
Less intersegment revenues	(139,175)		(143,473)
Total United States operations	8,816,009		7,762,552
United Kingdom building services	327,643		363,746
Total operations	$	9,143,652	$	8,126,298

25

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 14 - Segment Information (Continued)

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Operating income (loss):
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	63,127	$	35,558
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	138,476		90,500
United States building services	57,156		46,041
United States industrial services	(174)		(1,392)
Total United States operations	258,585		170,707
United Kingdom building services	8,869		8,369
Corporate administration	(30,121)		(28,982)
Impairment loss on long-lived assets	(2,350)		—
Total operations	234,983		150,094
Other items:
Net periodic pension (cost) income	(284)		1,025
Interest expense, net	(90)		(3,194)
Income before income taxes	$	234,609	$	147,925

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Operating income (loss):
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	154,365	$	90,646
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	344,550		225,545
United States building services	140,943		108,698
United States industrial services	22,733		18,324
Total United States operations	662,591		443,213
United Kingdom building services	20,220		25,372
Corporate administration	(93,901)		(80,890)
Impairment loss on long-lived assets	(2,350)		—
Total operations	586,560		387,695
Other items:
Net periodic pension (cost) income	(840)		3,288
Interest expense, net	(4,614)		(6,234)
Income before income taxes	$	581,106	$	384,749

26

EMCOR Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 14 - Segment Information (Continued)

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total assets:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	1,173,992	$	1,078,405
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	2,159,947		1,835,001
United States building services	1,415,194		1,206,518
United States industrial services	586,360		552,545
Total United States operations	5,335,493		4,672,469
United Kingdom building services	262,629		255,547
Corporate administration	626,071		596,591
Total operations	$	6,224,193	$	5,524,607

27

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

Business Description

We are one of the largest specialty contractors in the United States and a leading provider of electrical and mechanical construction and facilities services, building services, and industrial services. Our services are provided to a broad range of commercial, technology, manufacturing, industrial, healthcare, utility, and institutional customers through approximately 100 operating subsidiaries. Such operating subsidiaries are organized into the following reportable segments:

•United States electrical construction and facilities services;

•United States mechanical construction and facilities services;

•United States building services;

•United States industrial services; and

•United Kingdom building services.

We refer to our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment and our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment together as our United States construction segments.

For a more complete description of our operations, refer to Item 1. Business of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Our reportable segments and related disclosures reflect certain reclassifications of prior year amounts from our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment to our United States building services segment due to changes in our internal reporting structure aimed at realigning our service offerings.

Market Update

Our business and end markets remain resilient despite the impact of uncertain global economic conditions, including supply chain, production, and other logistical issues, an inflationary cost environment, rising interest rates, and skilled labor shortages in certain regions. The continued strength in demand for our services is reflected in our results of operations for the first nine months of 2023, during which we experienced an increase in both revenue and operating income when compared to the first nine months of 2022. As evidenced by the growth in our remaining performance obligations, which increased to $8.64 billion at September 30, 2023, from $7.46 billion at December 31, 2022, we anticipate a similar level of demand for our services throughout the remainder of the year, provided that the business environment does not significantly deteriorate.

Although improved from the year ago period, we continue to experience pressures in our supply chain, which are resulting in material and equipment lead times significantly in excess of normal levels. Delays in critical material and equipment deliveries have additionally resulted in us funding purchases at earlier stages of project progression, or in advance of project commencement. While we generally strive to negotiate advanced payments or billing terms with our customers that allow us to invoice for these amounts, such purchases may apply pressure on our working capital requirements in future periods. Although we experienced a reduction in commodity prices when compared to the prior year period, and current economic indicators suggest that inflation is slowing, there continues to be volatility in the price of fuel, certain materials, and other commodities used in our operations. Further, in an effort to mitigate inflation, the Federal Reserve Board increased the federal funds rate throughout 2022 and into 2023.

Our management teams continue to adapt to the challenges of the current operating environment in order to manage our business more effectively through diligent contract negotiations, enhanced labor planning and project scheduling, and increased supplier engagement. As contractually permitted, and in order to combat inflationary pressures, we have and will continue to seek increases in pricing to the extent we experience increases in our costs. While we believe the actions we have taken continue to be effective, as evidenced in part by our operating performance and operating cash flow to date, the impact of these disruptions continues to evolve and there can be no assurance that our actions will serve to mitigate such impacts in future periods. Further, while we believe our remaining performance obligations are firm, and we have not experienced any material project cancellations to date, prolonged delays in the receipt of critical equipment could impact our ability to convert such remaining performance obligations to revenues in the near term or result in our customers seeking to delay or terminate existing or pending agreements. Lastly, the current interest rate environment may cause a decline in capital or maintenance spending of our customers or prospective customers, particularly as it pertains to short duration project work. Any of these events could result in reduced demand for our services or affect our ability to collect payment, and therefore, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and/or results of operations.

28

Overview

The following table presents selected financial data for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except percentages and per share data): 

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Revenues	$	3,207,598		$	2,826,361
Revenues increase from prior year	13.5		%	12.1		%
Gross profit	$	545,472		$	413,231
Gross profit as a percentage of revenues	17.0		%	14.6		%
Operating income	$	234,983		$	150,094
Operating income as a percentage of revenues	7.3		%	5.3		%
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc.	$	169,409		$	105,772
Diluted earnings per common share	$	3.57		$	2.16

Revenues of $3.21 billion for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 set a new quarterly record for the Company and represent an increase of 13.5% from revenues of $2.83 billion for the quarter ended September 30, 2022. Demand for our services continues to be strong and, as described in further detail below, we experienced revenue growth within all of our reportable segments, except for our United Kingdom building services segment. Revenues for the third quarter of 2023 were positively impacted by incremental contribution from acquired companies of approximately $20.4 million.

Operating income for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 was $235.0 million, or 7.3% of revenues, establishing new quarterly records for the Company with respect to both operating income and operating margin. This compares to operating income of $150.1 million, or 5.3% of revenues, for the quarter ended September 30, 2022. The $84.9 million increase in operating income, and corresponding 200 basis point improvement in operating margin, were a result of improved operating performance across all of our reportable segments. As described in further detail below, these improvements in profitability were a result of: (a) better project execution during 2023, (b) a more favorable mix of work when compared to the 2022 period, (c) the successful close-out of certain projects within our United States construction segments, and (d) a reduction in the price of certain commodities which are used as components of supplies or materials utilized in our operations.

Net income of $169.4 million, or $3.57 per diluted share, for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, compares favorably to net income of $105.8 million, or $2.16 per diluted share, for the quarter ended September 30, 2022. In addition to the increase in operating income referenced above, our diluted earnings per share for the third quarter of 2023 benefited from a reduced weighted average share count given the impact of common stock repurchases made by us throughout 2022 and 2023.

Impact of Acquisitions

In order to provide a more meaningful period-over-period discussion of our operating results, we may discuss amounts generated or incurred (revenues, gross profit, selling, general and administrative expenses, and operating income) from companies acquired. The amounts discussed reflect the acquired companies’ operating results in the current reported period only for the time period these entities were not owned by EMCOR in the comparable prior reported period.

During the first nine months of 2023, we acquired seven companies for total consideration of $92.8 million. Such acquisitions include: (a) a national energy efficiency specialty services firm, the results of operations of which have been included in our United States building services segment, and (b) six companies that enhance our presence in geographies where we have existing operations, the results of operations of which were de minimis, consisting of: (i) two companies that have been included within our Unites States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, one of which provides mechanical and pipe fabrication services, and one of which provides fire protection services, both in the Midwestern region of the United States, and (ii) four mechanical services companies in the Western and Midwestern regions of the United States, that have been included within our United States building services segment.

We acquired six companies during calendar year 2022 for total consideration of $100.8 million. Such acquisitions include: (a) a company that provides electrical construction services in the Greater Boston area, the results of operations of which have been included in our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment, and (b) five companies that enhance our presence in geographies where we have existing operations, the results of operations of which were de minimis, consisting of: (i) two companies that provide fire protection services in the Northeastern and Southern regions of the United States, respectively, and that have been included within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, (ii) two companies that specialize in either building automation and controls or mechanical services in the Southwestern and Southern regions of the United States, respectively, and that have been included within our United States building services segment, and (iii) a company that provides electrical construction services in the Midwestern region of the United States and that has been included within our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment.

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Results of Operations

Revenues

The following tables present our operating segment revenues from unrelated entities and their respective percentages of total revenues (in thousands, except for percentages): 

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
Revenues:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	697,406	22	%	$	633,383	22	%
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	1,329,600		41	%	1,108,655		39	%
United States building services	817,718		26	%	719,383		26	%
United States industrial services	252,148		8	%	247,239		9	%
Total United States operations	3,096,872		97	%	2,708,660		96	%
United Kingdom building services	110,726		3	%	117,701		4	%
Total operations	$	3,207,598	100	%	$	2,826,361	100	%

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
Revenues:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	2,020,319	22	%	$	1,719,525	21	%
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	3,602,271		39	%	3,158,948		39	%
United States building services	2,318,105		25	%	2,041,555		25	%
United States industrial services	875,314		10	%	842,524		11	%
Total United States operations	8,816,009		96	%	7,762,552		96	%
United Kingdom building services	327,643		4	%	363,746		4	%
Total operations	$	9,143,652	100	%	$	8,126,298	100	%

As described below in more detail, as a result of revenue growth within the majority of our reportable segments, our consolidated revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased to $3.21 billion compared to $2.83 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2022, and our consolidated revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased to $9.14 billion compared to $8.13 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Revenues of our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment were $697.4 million and $2,020.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to revenues of $633.4 million and $1,719.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. This segment’s results included $12.7 million and $88.5 million of incremental acquisition revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Excluding the impact of acquisitions, revenues of this segment grew by $51.3 million and $212.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, primarily as a result of an increase in revenues within the majority of the market sectors in which we operate, most notably including: (a) the network and communications market sector, predominantly due to our data center projects, (b) the healthcare market sector, as a result of greater activity throughout several of the regions in which we operate, (c) the manufacturing and industrial market sector, from contracts with certain of our energy sector customers, including those for renewable energy projects, and (d) the hospitality and entertainment market sector, given an increase in projects within the Western region of the United States. Partially offsetting these increases were reductions in commercial market sector and short duration project revenues.

Our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were $1,329.6 million, a $220.9 million increase compared to revenues of $1,108.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Revenues of this segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $3,602.3 million, a $443.3 million increase compared to revenues of $3,158.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in this segment’s revenues for both 2023 periods was primarily attributable to revenue growth within: (a) the high-tech manufacturing market sector, as a result of increased demand for our mechanical construction and/or fire protection services by certain customers: (i) engaged in either the design and manufacturing of semiconductors or the production and development of electric vehicles and/or lithium batteries, and (ii) within the biotech, life-sciences, and pharmaceutical industries, (b) the network and communications market sector, due to increased data center project activity, (c) the manufacturing and industrial market sector, due in part to continued re-shoring of critical supply chain by certain of our customers, and (d) the commercial market sector, inclusive of several fire protection projects within various warehousing and distribution facilities.

30

Revenues of our United States building services segment were $817.7 million and $2,318.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to revenues of $719.4 million and $2,041.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Included in this segment’s 2023 results were $7.7 million of incremental acquisition revenues. Excluding such acquisition contribution, the increase in revenues for both 2023 periods was primarily attributable to this segment’s mechanical services division, due to increased: (a) HVAC project and retrofit work, as a result of greater: (i) project execution stemming from the increased availability of materials and equipment when compared to the prior year period, which experienced greater supply chain disruptions and delays, and (ii) demand for system upgrades and replacements, partially as our customers continue to seek ways to improve the energy efficiency or indoor air quality of their facilities, (b) service repair and maintenance volumes, given growth in our service contract base as well as incremental demand during the peak cooling season, and (c) building automation and controls projects, as we continue to expand our service offerings. In addition to increased revenues from its mechanical services division, this segment also experienced revenue growth during both the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 from its commercial site-based services and government site-based services divisions, due to the award of facilities maintenance contracts with new customers as well as scope or site expansion and increased project work with existing customers.

Revenues of our United States industrial services segment for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were $252.1 million, compared to revenues of $247.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Revenues of this segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $875.3 million, compared to revenues of $842.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The results of operations of this segment continue to improve at a modest pace, as evidenced by the revenue growth within both this segment’s field services and shop services divisions during the first nine months of 2023. In addition to steady demand for maintenance and turnaround projects, we are beginning to see increased levels of capital spending by our customers, in the form of greater new build heat exchanger orders as well as through certain renewable fuel projects, which were active during the second and third quarters of 2023 and are anticipated to continue through the remainder of the year.

Our United Kingdom building services segment revenues were $110.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to revenues of $117.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. This segment’s revenues for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 were positively impacted by $7.8 million related to the effect of favorable exchange rate movements for the British pound versus the United States dollar. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, revenues of this segment were $327.6 million compared to revenues of $363.7 million for nine months ended September 30, 2022. Unfavorable exchange rate movements for the British pound versus the United States dollar negatively impacted this segment’s year-to-date 2023 revenues by $3.4 million. Excluding the impact of foreign exchange rate movements, the decreases in this segment’s revenues during both 2023 periods were a result of: (a) the loss of certain facilities maintenance contracts not renewed pursuant to rebid, and (b) a reduction in project activity, notably within the network and communications market sector.

Cost of sales and gross profit

The following table presents our cost of sales, gross profit (revenues less cost of sales), and gross profit as a percentage of revenues (“gross profit margin”) (in thousands, except for percentages): 

	For the three months ended September 30,						For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Cost of sales	$	2,662,126		$	2,413,130		$	7,672,058		$	6,977,504
Gross profit	$	545,472		$	413,231		$	1,471,594		$	1,148,794
Gross profit margin	17.0		%	14.6		%	16.1		%	14.1		%

Our gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $545.5 million, or 17.0% of revenues, compared to gross profit of $413.2 million, or 14.6% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $1,471.6 million, or 16.1% of revenues, compared to gross profit of $1,148.8 million, or 14.1% of revenues, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. While the increase in gross profit can be partially attributed to the incremental revenue contribution described above, such increase and the expansion in gross profit margin were also the result of stronger operating performance within the majority of our reportable segments due to improved revenue mix, project execution and close-out, and/or favorable pricing.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, acquisitions contributed incremental gross profit of $3.8 million and $14.2 million, respectively, inclusive of amortization expense attributable to identifiable intangible assets of $0.9 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

Refer to the operating income section below for further discussion regarding the operating performance of each of our reportable segments.

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Selling, general and administrative expenses

The following table presents our selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) and selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues (“SG&A margin”) (in thousands, except for percentages): 

	For the three months ended September 30,						For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	308,139		$	263,137		$	882,684		$	761,099
SG&A margin	9.6		%	9.3		%	9.7		%	9.4		%

Our selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were $308.1 million, or 9.6% of revenues, compared to selling, general and administrative expenses of $263.1 million, or 9.3% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $882.7 million, or 9.7% of revenues, compared to selling, general and administrative expenses of $761.1 million, or 9.4% of revenues, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 included $4.2 million and $14.6 million, respectively, of incremental expenses directly related to companies acquired in 2023 and 2022, including amortization expense attributable to identifiable intangible assets of $1.1 million and $3.5 million, respectively.

Excluding incremental expenses from businesses acquired, the increase in selling, general and administrative expenses, and SG&A margin, for both 2023 periods was predominantly attributable to increases in incentive compensation expense across the majority of our reportable segments, due to higher projected annual operating results compared to those which were anticipated during the same prior year period, and salaries and related employment expenses, largely as a result of additional headcount to support our organic revenue growth as well as annual cost of living adjustments. In addition to these increases in employment costs, our SG&A for both 2023 periods included incremental: (a) computer hardware and software costs, as a result of various information technology and cybersecurity initiatives currently in process, (b) travel and entertainment expenses, and (c) rent and other occupancy costs driven by: (i) the expansion or addition of certain fabrication facilities, which support our operations, and (ii) the impact of inflation on the real estate market.

Operating income (loss)

The following tables present our operating income (loss) and operating income (loss) as a percentage of segment revenues (“operating margin”) (in thousands, except for percentages): 

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Segment Revenues		2022		% of Segment Revenues
Operating income (loss):
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	63,127	9.1	%	$	35,558	5.6	%
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	138,476		10.4	%	90,500		8.2	%
United States building services	57,156		7.0	%	46,041		6.4	%
United States industrial services	(174)		(0.1)	%	(1,392)		(0.6)	%
Total United States operations	258,585		8.3	%	170,707		6.3	%
United Kingdom building services	8,869		8.0	%	8,369		7.1	%
Corporate administration	(30,121)		—		(28,982)		—
Impairment loss on long-lived assets	(2,350)		—		—		—
Total operations	234,983		7.3	%	150,094		5.3	%
Other items:
Net periodic pension (cost) income	(284)				1,025
Interest expense, net	(90)				(3,194)
Income before income taxes	$	234,609			$	147,925

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	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Segment Revenues		2022		% of Segment Revenues
Operating income (loss):
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	154,365	7.6	%	$	90,646	5.3	%
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	344,550		9.6	%	225,545		7.1	%
United States building services	140,943		6.1	%	108,698		5.3	%
United States industrial services	22,733		2.6	%	18,324		2.2	%
Total United States operations	662,591		7.5	%	443,213		5.7	%
United Kingdom building services	20,220		6.2	%	25,372		7.0	%
Corporate administration	(93,901)		—		(80,890)		—
Impairment loss on long-lived assets	(2,350)		—		—		—
Total operations	586,560		6.4	%	387,695		4.8	%
Other items:
Net periodic pension (cost) income	(840)				3,288
Interest expense, net	(4,614)				(6,234)
Income before income taxes	$	581,106			$	384,749

Operating income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $235.0 million, an increase of $84.9 million compared to operating income of $150.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Operating margin for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was 7.3% compared to an operating margin of 5.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, operating income was $586.6 million, an increase of $198.9 million compared to operating income of $387.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Operating margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 6.4% compared to an operating margin of 4.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This performance established new quarterly records for the Company with respect to operating income and operating margin for both a quarterly and nine month period. As described in more detail below, improvements in profitability were a result of: (a) better project execution during 2023, (b) a more favorable mix of work when compared to the 2022 periods, (c) the successful close-out of certain projects within our United States construction segments, and (d) the impact in the first nine months of 2022 of certain supply chain disruptions and delays, which were greater than those experienced to date in 2023, and that, in the prior year, led to: (i) reduced labor productivity and efficiency, (ii) the under-absorption of labor costs in instances where projects were delayed pending the receipt of materials, or (iii) material and commodity price escalations.

Operating income of our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment was $63.1 million, or 9.1% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $35.6 million, or 5.6% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Operating income of this segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $154.4 million, or 7.6% of revenues, compared to operating income of $90.6 million, or 5.3% of revenues, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The period-over-period increases in operating income and operating margin of this segment were largely a result of: (a) a more favorable mix of work, (b) improved project execution, and (c) the successful close-out of certain construction projects, which positively impacted the operating margin of this segment by 60 basis points and 20 basis points for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. On a year-to-date basis, the greatest increases in gross profit, and gross profit margin, were recognized within the network and communications market sector, the commercial market sector, and the healthcare market sector. Although we continue to experience supply chain disruptions and delays, which are impacting project delivery in various ways, market conditions surrounding equipment availability have steadily improved over the last twelve months and our management teams continue to adapt to this environment. Such developments have led to improved job-site and labor productivity as well as more normalized project sequencing, resulting in fewer project write-downs when compared to the prior year period. For example, based on an evaluation of individual projects that had revisions to total estimated costs, which resulted in a reduction of profitability in excess of $1.0 million, the operating results of our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment were negatively impacted by approximately $2.6 million and $12.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $10.5 million and $26.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. While these reductions in estimated project profitability negatively affected operating margin of this segment by 30 basis points in the third quarter of 2023 and 60 basis points for the 2023 year-to-date period, the impact in the corresponding 2022 periods was 170 basis points and 150 basis points, respectively. Partially offsetting the period-over-period improvements in gross profit, and gross profit margin, were increased selling, general and administrative expenses and SG&A margin, largely as a result of greater incentive compensation expense recognized by several operating subsidiaries of this segment given improvements in forecasted profitability year-over-year.

33

Our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment’s operating income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $138.5 million, or 10.4% of revenues, compared to operating income of $90.5 million, or 8.2% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Operating income of this segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $344.6 million, or 9.6% of revenues, compared to operating income of $225.5 million, or 7.1% of revenues, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in operating income, and operating margin, for both 2023 periods was primarily a result of increased gross profit, and gross profit margin, recognized from: (a) the high-tech manufacturing market sector, including certain mechanical construction or fire protection projects for customers: (i) engaged in either the design or manufacturing of semiconductors or the production and development of electric vehicles and/or lithium batteries, and (ii) within the biotech, life-sciences, and pharmaceutical industries, (b) the commercial market sector, including various fire protection projects, and (c) the manufacturing and industrial market sector, which continues to benefit from customer initiatives to re-shore their critical supply chain. Operating income of this segment was also favorably impacted as a result of the successful close-out of certain projects during 2023, which contributed approximately $5.8 million and $18.3 million of gross profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. These amounts resulted in incremental operating margin of 40 basis points for the quarterly period and 50 basis points for the year-to-date period. Similar to our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment, the results for this segment in the prior year periods were negatively impacted by external market conditions, which manifested themselves through price escalations, particularly for materials and commodities, such as copper and steel, that are used in our mechanical and fire protection operations. Although there remains volatility in the pricing of these commodities, more favorable pricing year-over-year has resulted in improved profitability of this segment during the first nine months of 2023. The improvements in gross profit and gross profit margin of this segment were partially offset by increased selling, general and administrative expenses and SG&A margin, given greater: (a) incentive compensation expense, due to higher projected annual operating results for certain of the operating subsidiaries within this segment, and (b) salaries and related employment costs, largely as a result of additional headcount to support current and anticipated organic revenue growth.

Operating income of our United States building services segment was $57.2 million, or 7.0% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $46.0 million, or 6.4% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Operating income of this segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $140.9 million, or 6.1% of revenues, compared to operating income of $108.7 million, or 5.3% of revenues, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in operating income and operating margin for both 2023 periods was almost entirely attributable to this segment’s mechanical services division, as a result of greater gross profit and gross profit margin across the majority of its service lines, with the largest incremental contribution from projects and retrofits as well as building automation and controls. These improvements were due in part to both favorable project execution and negotiated price adjustments made to customer contracts in response to inflationary pressures. Operating margin of this segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 also benefited from greater absorption of indirect costs as well as a reduction in the ratio of selling, general and administrative expenses to revenues given an increase in revenues without a commensurate increase in certain overhead costs.

Our United States industrial services segment reported an operating loss of $0.2 million, or (0.1)% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, a slight improvement compared to an operating loss of $1.4 million, or (0.6)% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, this segment reported operating income of $22.7 million, or 2.6% of revenues, compared to operating income of $18.3 million, or 2.2% of revenues, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The improved performance for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was due to an increase in both gross profit and gross profit margin period-over-period. In addition to the growth in this segment’s revenues referenced above, which resulted in greater gross profit contribution, gross profit margin during the 2023 year-to-date period has benefited from better pricing, notably within this segment’s shop services division.

Operating income of our United Kingdom building services segment was $8.9 million, or 8.0% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $8.4 million, or 7.1% of revenues, for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Operating income of this segment for the third quarter of 2023 was positively impacted by $0.6 million related to the effect of favorable exchange rate movements for the British pound versus the United States dollar. Excluding such impact, operating income of this segment was essentially flat when compared to the year ago quarter, while operating margin expanded by 90 basis points due to an increase in gross profit margin on certain of its facilities maintenance contracts. Operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $20.2 million, or 6.2% of revenues, compared to $25.4 million, or 7.0% of revenues, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in this segment’s operating income for the nine month period was primarily a result of a reduction in gross profit due to lower year-to-date revenues. Operating margin of this segment for the nine month period was negatively impacted by an increase in the ratio of selling, general and administrative expenses to revenues, largely given the decline in revenues thus far in 2023, without a corresponding reduction in overhead costs, as we continue to invest in the future growth of this business. This segment’s operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was positively impacted by $0.2 million related to the effect of favorable exchange rate movements.

34

Our corporate administration expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were $30.1 million, a modest increase, compared to $29.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our corporate administrative expenses were $93.9 million, compared to $80.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. This increase in corporate expenses for the year-to-date period was primarily due to greater incentive compensation expense resulting from higher projected annual and long-term operating results, when compared to those which were anticipated during the same prior year period. In addition to incentive compensation, we have experienced increases in: (a) computer hardware and software costs, due to various information technology and cybersecurity initiatives currently in process, (b) travel and entertainment expenses, given a greater level of travel and business meals, and (c) salaries, largely as a result of annual cost of living adjustments.

Other items

Net interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $0.1 million and $3.2 million, respectively. Net interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $4.6 million and $6.2 million, respectively. While we have experienced an increase in our interest expense due to rising interest rates, such rate increases have additionally resulted in greater returns on our invested cash, which, coupled with a decrease in average outstanding borrowings under our credit facility, has resulted in the period-over-period reductions in net interest expense.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, our income tax provision was $64.9 million and $159.3 million, respectively, compared to an income tax provision of $42.2 million and $104.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Our effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 27.7% and 27.4%, respectively, compared to an effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 of 28.5% and 27.3%, respectively. Refer to Note 9 - Income Taxes of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding our income tax provision and effective income tax rate.

Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations    

The following table presents the transaction price allocated to remaining unsatisfied performance obligations (“remaining performance obligations”) for each of our reportable segments and their respective percentage of total remaining performance obligations (in thousands, except for percentages):

	September 30,  2023		% of Total		December 31, 2022		% of Total		September 30, 2022		% of Total
Remaining performance obligations:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	2,158,104	25	%	$	2,014,079	27	%	$	2,063,134	29	%
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	4,875,551		56	%	3,987,134		53	%	3,642,049		51	%
United States building services	1,313,779		15	%	1,172,816		16	%	1,129,795		16	%
United States industrial services	133,894		2	%	124,653		2	%	122,714		2	%
Total United States operations	8,481,328		98	%	7,298,682		98	%	6,957,692		98	%
United Kingdom building services	154,115		2	%	160,617		2	%	143,769		2	%
Total operations	$	8,635,443	100	%	$	7,459,299	100	%	$	7,101,461	100	%

Our remaining performance obligations at September 30, 2023 were $8.64 billion compared to $7.46 billion at December 31, 2022 and $7.10 billion at September 30, 2022. The increase in remaining performance obligations at September 30, 2023, when compared to December 31, 2022, was attributable to an increase in remaining performance obligations within all of our reportable segments, except for our United Kingdom building services segment. Most notably, we experienced an increase in remaining performance obligations from: (a) our United States construction segments, driven by the award of various projects within the majority of the market sectors in which we operate, and (b) our United States building services segment, largely due to increased project opportunities within its mechanical services division. From a market sector perspective, we experienced the largest growth in remaining performance obligations within: (a) the high-tech manufacturing market sector, inclusive of projects for customers engaged in: (i) the design and manufacturing of semiconductors, and (ii) the production and development of electric vehicles and/or lithium batteries, (b) the network and communications market sector, largely driven by data center construction projects, and (c) the institutional market sector. Remaining performance obligations increased by $20.8 million as a result of acquisitions during 2023. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in remaining performance obligations from the commercial market sector, given the completion of several warehouse and distribution center projects. While the continued growth in our remaining performance obligations is largely due to the strength in demand for our services, a portion of this increase can likely be attributed to external market factors such as material and labor inflation, which has increased the price of certain of our project work.

See Note 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further disclosure regarding our remaining performance obligations.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources    

The following section discusses our principal liquidity and capital resources, as well as our primary liquidity requirements and sources and uses of cash.

We are focused on the efficient conversion of operating income into cash to provide for the Company’s material cash requirements, including working capital needs, investment in our growth strategies through business acquisitions and capital expenditures, satisfaction of contractual commitments, including principal and interest payments on our outstanding indebtedness, and shareholder return through dividend payments and share repurchases. We strive to maintain a balanced approach to capital allocation in order to achieve growth, deliver value, and minimize risk.

Management monitors financial markets and overall economic conditions for factors that may affect our liquidity and capital resources and adjusts our capital allocation strategy as necessary. Negative macroeconomic trends could have an adverse effect on future liquidity if we experience delays in the payment of outstanding receivables beyond normal payment terms, an increase in credit losses, or significant increases in the price of commodities or the materials and equipment utilized for our project and service work, beyond those experienced to date. In addition, during economic downturns, there have typically been fewer small discretionary projects from the private sector and our competitors have aggressively bid larger long-term infrastructure and public sector contracts. Our liquidity is also impacted by: (a) the type and length of construction contracts in place, as performance of long duration contracts typically requires greater amounts of working capital, (b) the level of turnaround activities within our United States industrial services segment, as such projects are billed in arrears pursuant to contractual terms that are standard within the industry, and (c) the billing terms of our maintenance contracts, including those within our United States and United Kingdom building services segments. While we strive to negotiate favorable billing terms, which allow us to invoice in advance of costs incurred on certain of our contracts, there can be no assurance that such terms will be agreed to by our customers.

As of September 30, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $523.6 million, which are maintained in depository accounts and highly liquid investments with original maturity dates of three months or less. Both our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements are expected to be met through our cash and cash equivalent balances, cash generated from our operations, and, as necessary, the borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility. Our credit agreement provides for a $1.30 billion revolving credit facility, for which there is $1.18 billion of available capacity as of September 30, 2023.

Refer to Note 7 - Debt of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our credit agreement. Based upon our current credit rating and financial position, we can also reasonably expect to be able to secure long-term debt financing if required to achieve our strategic objectives; however, no assurances can be made that such debt financing will be available on favorable terms. We believe that we have sufficient financial resources available to meet our short-term and foreseeable long-term liquidity requirements.

Cash Flows

The following table presents a summary of our operating, investing, and financing cash flows (in thousands):     

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	475,897	$	238,354
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(134,032)	$	(122,898)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(276,157)	$	(512,598)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	856	$	(20,540)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	66,564	$	(417,682)

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, our cash balance, including cash equivalents and restricted cash, increased by approximately $66.6 million from $457.1 million at December 31, 2022 to $523.6 million at September 30, 2023. Changes in our cash position from December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023 are described in further detail below.

Operating Activities – Operating cash flows generally represent our net income as adjusted for certain non-cash items and changes in assets and liabilities. Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $475.9 million compared to approximately $238.4 million of net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The favorable operating cash flow performance period-over-period was largely a result of increased income, coupled with customer deposits and advanced payments on certain construction contracts, as evidenced by the growth in our contract liabilities since December 31, 2022.

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Investing Activities – Investing cash flows consist primarily of payments for the acquisition of businesses, capital expenditures, and proceeds from the sale or disposal of property, plant, and equipment. Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased by approximately $11.1 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to an increase in capital expenditures to support our organic growth, partially offset by an increase in proceeds from the sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment.

Financing Activities – Financing cash flows consist primarily of the issuance and repayment of short-term and long-term debt, repurchases of common stock, payments of dividends to stockholders, and the issuance of common stock through certain equity plans. Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $276.2 million compared to net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 of $512.6 million. The $236.4 million reduction in financing cash outflows was due to a decrease in funds used for the repurchase of our common stock during 2023, partially offset by an increase in net repayments of outstanding debt under our credit agreement. The timing of common stock repurchases is at management’s discretion subject to securities laws and other legal requirements and depends upon several factors, including market and business conditions, current and anticipated future liquidity, share price, and share availability, among others. For additional detail regarding our share repurchase program, refer to Note 10 - Common Stock of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

We currently pay a regular quarterly dividend of $0.18 per share. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cash payments related to dividends were $24.2 million and $20.0 million, respectively. Our credit agreement places limitations on the payment of dividends on our common stock. However, we do not believe that the terms of such agreement currently materially limit our ability to pay such quarterly dividends for the foreseeable future.

Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash – We are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, almost entirely with respect to the British pound. Therefore, the $21.4 million variance between the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was a direct result of favorable exchange rate movements for the British pound versus the United States dollar.

Material Cash Requirements from Contractual and Other Obligations

As of September 30, 2023, our short-term and long-term material cash requirements for known contractual and other obligations were as follows:

Outstanding Debt and Interest Payments – As of September 30, 2023, there were no direct borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility and the amount outstanding under our term loan was $100.0 million. We are required to make annual principal payments on our term loan of $5.0 million on December 31, 2023 and 2024. All remaining unpaid amounts are due on March 2, 2025, when the credit agreement governing our term loan and revolving credit facility expires. Until such time, we are required to make periodic interest payments on our outstanding indebtedness. Future interest payments will be determined based on prevailing interest rates during that time, which may fluctuate in the near term. Refer to Note 7 - Debt of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further detail of our debt obligations, including our term loan and revolving credit facility.

Operating and Finance Leases – In the normal course of business, we lease real estate, vehicles, and equipment under various arrangements which are classified as either operating or finance leases. Future payments for such leases, excluding leases with initial terms of one year or less, were $402.5 million at September 30, 2023, with $93.6 million payable within the next 12 months.

Open Purchase Obligations – As of September 30, 2023, we had $2.52 billion of open purchase obligations, of which payments totaling approximately $2.09 billion are expected to become due within the next 12 months. These obligations represent open purchase orders to suppliers and subcontractors related to our construction and services contracts. These purchase orders are not reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are not expected to impact future liquidity as amounts should be recovered through customer billings.

Insurance Obligations – As described in further detail in Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies of the notes to consolidated financial statements, we have loss payment deductibles and/or self-insured retentions for certain insurance matters. As of September 30, 2023, our insurance liabilities, net of estimated recoveries, were $214.0 million. Of this net amount, approximately $39.2 million is estimated to be payable within the next 12 months. Due to many uncertainties inherent in resolving these matters, it is not practical to estimate these payments beyond such period. To the extent that the amount required to settle claims covered by insurance continues to increase, the cost of our insurance coverage, including premiums and deductibles, is likely to increase.

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Contingent Consideration Liabilities – We have incurred liabilities related to contingent consideration arrangements associated with certain acquisitions, payable in the event discrete performance objectives are achieved by the acquired businesses during designated post-acquisition periods. The aggregate amount of these liabilities can change due to additional business acquisitions, settlement of outstanding liabilities, changes in the fair value of amounts owed based on performance during such post-acquisition periods, and accretion in present value. As of September 30, 2023, the present value of expected future payments relating to these contingent consideration arrangements was $11.3 million. Of this amount, $5.6 million is estimated as being payable within the next 12 months, with the remainder due pursuant to the terms of our contractual agreements some of which extend through 2025.

In addition, material cash requirements for other potential obligations, for which we cannot reasonably estimate future payments, include the following:

Legal Proceedings – We are involved in several legal proceedings in which damages and claims have been asserted against us. While litigation is subject to many uncertainties and the outcome of litigation is not predictable with assurance, we do not believe that any such matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. Refer to Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies of the notes to consolidated financial statements for more information regarding legal proceedings.

Multiemployer Benefit Plans – In addition to our Company sponsored benefit plans, we participate in certain multiemployer pension and other post-retirement plans. The cost of these plans is equal to the annual required contributions determined in accordance with the provisions of negotiated collective bargaining agreements. Our future contributions to the multiemployer plans are dependent upon a number of factors. Amounts of future contributions that we would be contractually obligated to make pursuant to these plans cannot be reasonably estimated.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Other Commercial Commitments

The terms of our construction contracts frequently require that we obtain from surety companies, and provide to our customers, surety bonds as a condition to the award of such contracts. These surety bonds are issued in return for premiums, which vary depending on the size and type of the bond, and secure our payment and performance obligations under such contracts. We have agreed to indemnify the surety companies for amounts, if any, paid by them in respect of surety bonds issued on our behalf. As of September 30, 2023, based on the percentage-of-completion of our projects covered by surety bonds, our aggregate estimated exposure, assuming defaults on all our then existing contractual obligations, was approximately $2.0 billion, which represents approximately 23% of our total remaining performance obligations.

Surety bonds expire at various times ranging from final completion of a project to a period extending beyond contract completion in certain circumstances. Such amounts can also fluctuate from period to period based upon the mix and level of our bonded operating activity. For example, public sector contracts require surety bonds more frequently than private sector contracts and, accordingly, our bonding requirements typically increase as the amount of our public sector work increases. Our estimated maximum exposure as it relates to the value of the surety bonds outstanding is lowered on each bonded project as the cost to complete is reduced, and each commitment under a surety bond generally extinguishes concurrently with the expiration of its related contractual obligation.

Surety bonds are sometimes provided to secure obligations for wages and benefits payable to or for certain of our employees, at the request of labor unions representing such employees. In addition, surety bonds or letters of credit may be issued as collateral for certain insurance obligations. As of September 30, 2023, we satisfied approximately $48.1 million and $71.1 million of the collateral requirements of our insurance programs by utilizing surety bonds and letters of credit, respectively. All such letters of credit were issued under our revolving credit facility, therefore reducing the available capacity of such facility.

We are not aware of any losses in connection with surety bonds that have been posted on our behalf, and we do not expect to incur significant losses in the foreseeable future.

From time to time, we discuss with our current and other surety bond providers the amounts of surety bonds that may be available to us based on our financial strength and the absence of any default by us on any surety bond issued on our behalf and believe those amounts are currently adequate for our needs. However, if we experience changes in our bonding relationships or if there are adverse changes in the surety industry, we may: (a) seek to satisfy certain customer requests for surety bonds by posting other forms of collateral in lieu of surety bonds, such as letters of credit, parent company guarantees, or cash, in order to convince customers to forego the requirement for surety bonds, (b) increase our activities in our businesses that rarely require surety bonds, and/or (c) refrain from bidding for certain projects that require surety bonds.

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There can be no assurance that we would be able to effectuate alternatives to providing surety bonds to our customers or to obtain, on favorable terms, sufficient additional work that does not require surety bonds. Accordingly, a reduction in the availability of surety bonds could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, and/or cash flows.

In the ordinary course of business, we, at times, guarantee obligations of our subsidiaries under certain contracts. Generally, we are liable under such an arrangement only if our subsidiary fails to perform its obligations under the contract. Historically, we have not incurred any substantial liabilities as a consequence of these guarantees.

We do not have any other material financial guarantees or off-balance sheet arrangements other than those disclosed herein.

New Accounting Pronouncements

We review new accounting standards to determine the expected impact, if any, that the adoption of such standards will have on our financial position and/or results of operations. See Note 2 - New Accounting Pronouncements of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regarding new accounting standards, including the anticipated dates of adoption and the effects on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements is based on the application of significant accounting policies, which require management to make estimates and assumptions. Our significant accounting policies are described further in Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. We base our estimates on historical experience, known or expected trends, third-party valuations, and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies or methods during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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ITEM 3.   QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

We have not used any derivative financial instruments during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, including trading or speculating on changes in interest rates or commodity prices of materials used in our business.

The Federal Reserve Board has been increasing interest rates, and rate increases may continue in the near term. We are exposed to market risk for changes in interest rates for borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement, which provides for a revolving credit facility and a term loan. Borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement bear interest at variable rates and, as a result of the actions referenced above, such rates have increased throughout 2022 and the first nine months of 2023. For further information on our outstanding debt and borrowing rates, refer to Note 7 - Debt of the notes to consolidated financial statements. As of September 30, 2023, there were no direct borrowings outstanding under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility; however, the balance of the 2020 Term Loan was $100.0 million. Based on the $100.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the 2020 Credit Agreement, if overall interest rates were to increase by 100 basis points, interest expense, net of income taxes, would increase by approximately $0.7 million in the next twelve months. Conversely, if overall interest rates were to decrease by 100 basis points, interest expense, net of income taxes, would decrease by approximately $0.7 million in the next twelve months. The 2020 Credit Agreement expires on March 2, 2025.

We are exposed to construction market risk and its potential related impact on accounts receivable or contract assets on uncompleted contracts. The amounts recorded may be at risk if our customers’ ability to pay these obligations is negatively impacted by economic conditions. We continually monitor the creditworthiness of our customers and maintain on-going discussions with customers regarding contract status with respect to change orders and billing terms. Therefore, we believe we take appropriate action to manage market and other risks, but there is no assurance that we will be able to reasonably identify all risks with respect to the collectability of these assets.

Amounts invested in our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the end of the period. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, a component of equity, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We believe our exposure to the effects that fluctuating foreign currencies may have on our consolidated results of operations is limited because our foreign operations primarily invoice customers and collect obligations in their respective local currencies. Additionally, expenses associated with these transactions are generally contracted and paid for in their same local currencies.

In addition, we are exposed to market risk of fluctuations in certain commodity prices of materials, such as copper and steel, which are used as components of supplies or materials utilized in our construction, building services, and industrial services operations. We are also exposed to increases in energy prices, particularly as they relate to gasoline prices for our fleet of approximately 13,700 vehicles. While we believe we can increase our contract prices to adjust for some price increases in commodities, there can be no assurance that such price increases, if they were to occur, would be recoverable. Additionally, our fixed price contracts generally do not allow us to adjust our prices and, as a result, increases in material costs could reduce our profitability with respect to projects in progress. Refer to Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for further discussion regarding the impact of fluctuations in commodity and material prices on our results of operations.

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ITEM 4.   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Based on an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), our Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer, Anthony J. Guzzi, and our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Mark A. Pompa, have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. – OTHER INFORMATION.

ITEM 1.   LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

We are involved in several legal proceedings in which damages and claims have been asserted against us. We believe that we have a number of valid defenses to such proceedings and claims and intend to vigorously defend ourselves. We do not believe that any such matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. We record a loss contingency if the potential loss from a proceeding or claim is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated or a range of loss can be determined. We provide disclosure when it is reasonably possible that a loss will be incurred in excess of any recorded provision. Significant judgment is required in these determinations. As additional information becomes available, we reassess prior determinations and may change our estimates. Additional claims may be asserted against us in the future. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of litigation is not predictable with assurance. It is possible that a litigation matter for which liabilities have not been recorded could be decided unfavorably to us, and that any such unfavorable decision could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

ITEM 2.   UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

The following table summarizes repurchases of our common stock made by us during the quarter ended September 30, 2023:     

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) (2)	Average Price Paid Per Share (3)	Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased  Under the Plans or Programs
July 1, 2023 to July 31, 2023	—	—	—	$283,660,716
August 1, 2023 to August 31, 2023	—	—	—	$283,660,716
September 1, 2023 to September 30, 2023	—	—	—	$283,660,716
Total	—	—	—

(1)In September 2011, our Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized a share repurchase program allowing us to begin repurchasing shares of our outstanding common stock. Subsequently, the Board has from time to time increased the amount authorized for repurchases under such program. Since the inception of the repurchase program, the Board has authorized us to repurchase up to $2.15 billion of our outstanding common stock. As of September 30, 2023, there remained authorization for us to repurchase approximately $283.7 million of our shares. No shares have been repurchased by us since the program was announced other than pursuant to such program. The repurchase program has no expiration date, does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and may be suspended, recommenced, or discontinued at any time or from time to time without prior notice. Refer to Note 10 - Common Stock of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our share repurchase program.

(2)Excludes 368 shares surrendered to the Company by participants in our share-based compensation plans to satisfy minimum tax withholdings for common stock issued under such plans.

(3)Price paid per share excludes any applicable broker commission or excise tax due. However, as such amounts are considered direct costs associated with the repurchase of our common stock, they have been reflected as a reduction in the remaining authorization under our share repurchase program.

ITEM 4.   MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K (17 CFR 229.104) is included in Exhibit 95.1 to this quarterly report.

ITEM 5.   OTHER INFORMATION.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any: (a) contract, instruction, or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1 or (b) non 10b5-1 trading arrangement, each as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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ITEM 6.   EXHIBITS.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.	Description	Incorporated By Reference to or Filed Herewith, as Indicated Below
3(a-1)	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of EMCOR filed December 15, 1994	Exhibit 3(a-5) to EMCOR’s Registration Statement on Form 10 as originally filed March 17, 1995 (“Form 10”)
3(a-2)	Amendment dated November 28, 1995 to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of EMCOR	Exhibit 3(a-2) to EMCOR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1995 (“1995 Form 10-K”)
3(a-3)	Amendment dated February 12, 1998 to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of EMCOR	Exhibit 3(a-3) to EMCOR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997 (“1997 Form 10-K”)
3(a-4)	Amendment dated January 27, 2006 to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of EMCOR	Exhibit 3(a-4) to EMCOR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 (“2005 Form 10-K”)
3(a-5)	Amendment dated September 18, 2007 to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of EMCOR	Exhibit A to EMCOR’s Proxy Statement dated August 17, 2007 for Special Meeting of Stockholders held September 18, 2007
3(a-6)	Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation of EMCOR	Exhibit 3.1 to EMCOR’s Report on Form 8-K (Date of Report June 8, 2023)
3(b)	Second Amended and Restated By-Laws of EMCOR	Exhibit 3.1 to EMCOR’s Report on Form 8-K (Date of Report October 25, 2022)
31.1	Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by Anthony J. Guzzi, the Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer	Filed herewith
31.2	Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by Mark A. Pompa, the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	Filed herewith
32.1	Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by the Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer	Furnished
32.2	Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 by the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	Furnished
95.1	Information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters	Filed herewith
101	The following materials from EMCOR Group, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.	Filed
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)	Filed

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: October 26, 2023

	EMCOR GROUP, INC.
	(Registrant)
BY:	/s/ ANTHONY J. GUZZI
	Anthony J. Guzzi
	Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
BY:	/s/ MARK A. POMPA
	Mark A. Pompa
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
BY:	/s/ JASON R. NALBANDIAN
	Jason R. Nalbandian
	Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

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EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Anthony J. Guzzi, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of EMCOR Group, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	October 26, 2023	/s/ ANTHONY J. GUZZI
		Anthony J. Guzzi Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Mark A. Pompa, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of EMCOR Group, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)), and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	October 26, 2023	/s/ MARK A. POMPA
		Mark A. Pompa Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of EMCOR Group, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Anthony J. Guzzi, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	October 26, 2023	/s/ ANTHONY J. GUZZI
		Anthony J. Guzzi Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of EMCOR Group, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Mark A. Pompa, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	October 26, 2023	/s/ MARK A. POMPA
		Mark A. Pompa Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-95.1

EXHIBIT 95.1

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

The Company has no disclosures to report under section 1503 for the period covered by this report.

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Document And Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Oct. 23, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-8267
Entity Registrant Name	EMCOR Group, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0000105634
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	11-2125338
Entity Address, Address Line One	301 Merritt Seven
Entity Address, City or Town	Norwalk,
Entity Address, State or Province	CT
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	06851-1092
City Area Code	(203)
Local Phone Number	849-7800
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Trading Symbol	EME
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		47,044,440

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Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 523,632	$ 456,439
Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses of $21,644 and $22,382, respectively	3,063,917	2,567,371
Contract assets	308,868	273,176
Inventories	115,466	85,641
Prepaid expenses and other	57,012	79,346
Total current assets	4,068,895	3,461,973
Property, plant and equipment, net	170,693	157,819
Operating lease right-of-use assets	306,112	268,063
Goodwill	953,359	919,151
Identifiable intangible assets, net	600,790	593,975
Other assets	124,344	123,626
Total assets	6,224,193	5,524,607
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt and finance lease liabilities	6,482	15,567
Accounts payable	824,155	849,284
Contract liabilities	1,489,324	1,098,263
Accrued payroll and benefits	553,838	465,000
Other accrued expenses and liabilities	284,275	258,190
Operating lease liabilities, current	74,728	67,218
Total current liabilities	3,232,802	2,753,522
Long-term debt and finance lease liabilities	97,480	231,625
Operating lease liabilities, long-term	256,306	220,764
Other long-term obligations	357,636	344,405
Total liabilities	3,944,224	3,550,316
EMCOR Group, Inc. stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.10 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, zero issued and outstanding	0	0
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 61,074,439 and 60,947,947 shares issued, respectively	611	609
Capital surplus	87,018	74,795
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(91,357)	(93,451)
Retained earnings	3,611,442	3,214,281
Treasury stock, at cost 13,932,485 and 13,281,222 shares, respectively	(1,328,784)	(1,222,645)
Total EMCOR Group, Inc. stockholders' equity	2,278,930	1,973,589
Noncontrolling interests	1,039	702
Total equity	2,279,969	1,974,291
Total liabilities and equity	$ 6,224,193	$ 5,524,607

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for credit losses (in US dollars)	$ 21,644	$ 22,382
Preferred stock, par value (in US dollars per share)	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Preferred stock, shares authorized	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (in US dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	61,074,439	60,947,947
Treasury stock, shares	13,932,485	13,281,222

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Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 3,207,598	$ 2,826,361	$ 9,143,652	$ 8,126,298
Cost of sales	2,662,126	2,413,130	7,672,058	6,977,504
Gross profit	545,472	413,231	1,471,594	1,148,794
Selling, general and administrative expenses	308,139	263,137	882,684	761,099
Impairment loss on long-lived assets	2,350	0	2,350	0
Operating income	234,983	150,094	586,560	387,695
Net periodic pension (cost) income	(284)	1,025	(840)	3,288
Interest expense, net	(90)	(3,194)	(4,614)	(6,234)
Income before income taxes	234,609	147,925	581,106	384,749
Income tax provision	64,863	42,153	159,292	104,927
Net income including noncontrolling interests	169,746	105,772	421,814	279,822
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	337	0	337	0
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc. (in US dollars)	$ 169,409	$ 105,772	$ 421,477	$ 279,822
Basic earnings per common share (in US dollars per share)	$ 3.59	$ 2.16	$ 8.88	$ 5.52
Diluted earnings per common share (in US dollars per share)	3.57	2.16	8.85	5.50
Dividends declared per common share (in US dollars per share)	$ 0.18	$ 0.13	$ 0.51	$ 0.39

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Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income including noncontrolling interests		$ 169,746	$ 105,772	$ 421,814	$ 279,822
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(5,368)	(8,712)	503	(19,257)
Post-retirement plans, amortization of actuarial loss included in net income (1)	[1]	538	404	1,591	1,288
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(4,830)	(8,308)	2,094	(17,969)
Comprehensive income		164,916	97,464	423,908	261,853
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		337	0	337	0
Comprehensive income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc.		$ 164,579	$ 97,464	$ 423,571	$ 261,853

[1] Net of tax of $0.5 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and net of tax of $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Comprehensive Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Post-retirement plans, amortization of actuarial loss included in net income, tax	$ 0.5	$ 0.1	$ 0.2	$ 0.4

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Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash flows - operating activities:
Net income including noncontrolling interests		$ 421,814	$ 279,822
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		38,444	35,168
Amortization of identifiable intangible assets		49,335	45,465
Non-cash expense for impairment of long-lived assets		2,350	0
Non-cash share-based compensation expense		10,703	9,322
Other reconciling items		(3,865)	(682)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effect of businesses acquired		(42,884)	(130,741)
Net cash provided by operating activities		475,897	238,354
Cash flows - investing activities:
Payments for acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired		(89,741)	(91,078)
Proceeds from sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment		12,015	6,897
Purchases of property, plant and equipment		(56,306)	(38,717)
Net cash used in investing activities		(134,032)	(122,898)
Cash flows - financing activities:
Proceeds from revolving credit facility		100,000	270,000
Repayments of revolving credit facility		(100,000)	(100,000)
Repayments of long-term debt		(142,813)	0
Repayments of finance lease liabilities		(2,138)	(2,741)
Dividends paid to stockholders		(24,198)	(20,037)
Repurchases of common stock		(105,299)	(656,573)
Taxes paid related to net share settlements of equity awards		(5,365)	(7,295)
Issuances of common stock under employee stock purchase plan		6,769	6,097
Payments for contingent consideration arrangements		(3,113)	(2,049)
Net cash used in financing activities		(276,157)	(512,598)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		856	(20,540)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		66,564	(417,682)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of year (1)	[1]	457,068	822,568
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period (2)	[2]	$ 523,632	$ 404,886

[1] Includes $0.6 million and $1.2 million of restricted cash classified as “Prepaid expenses and other” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

[2] Includes $1.1 million of restricted cash classified as “Prepaid expenses and other” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Restricted cash	$ 0.6	$ 1.1	$ 1.2

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Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Total	Common Stock [Member]	Capital Surplus [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss [Member]	[1]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]	Noncontrolling Interests [Member]
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021		$ 2,253,089	$ 607	$ 61,874	$ (83,562)		$ 2,835,504	$ (562,036)	$ 702
Net income including noncontrolling interests		279,822					279,822
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(17,969)			(17,969)
Common stock issued under share-based compensation plans		2	2
Tax withholding for common stock issued under share-based compensation plans		(7,295)		(7,295)
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan		6,097		6,097
Common stock dividends		(20,037)					(20,160)
Common stock dividends, accrued dividend shares				123
Repurchases of common stock		(660,609)						(660,609)
Share-based compensation expense		9,322		9,322
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022		1,842,422	609	70,121	(101,531)		3,095,166	(1,222,645)	702
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022		1,952,791	609	65,212	(93,223)		2,995,844	(1,016,353)	702
Net income including noncontrolling interests		105,772					105,772
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(8,308)			(8,308)
Tax withholding for common stock issued under share-based compensation plans		(56)		(56)
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan		2,074		2,074
Common stock dividends		(6,418)					(6,450)
Common stock dividends, accrued dividend shares				32
Repurchases of common stock		(206,292)						(206,292)
Share-based compensation expense		2,859		2,859
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022		1,842,422	609	70,121	(101,531)		3,095,166	(1,222,645)	702
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022		1,974,291	609	74,795	(93,451)		3,214,281	(1,222,645)	702
Net income including noncontrolling interests		421,814					421,477		337
Other comprehensive income (loss)		2,094			2,094
Common stock issued under share-based compensation plans		0	2	(2)
Tax withholding for common stock issued under share-based compensation plans		(5,365)		(5,365)
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan		6,769		6,769
Common stock dividends		(24,198)					(24,316)
Common stock dividends, accrued dividend shares				118
Repurchases of common stock		(106,139)						(106,139)
Share-based compensation expense		10,703		10,703
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023		2,279,969	611	87,018	(91,357)		3,611,442	(1,328,784)	1,039
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023		2,118,087	611	81,556	(86,527)		3,450,553	(1,328,808)	702
Net income including noncontrolling interests		169,746					169,409		337
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(4,830)			(4,830)
Tax withholding for common stock issued under share-based compensation plans		(70)		(70)
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan		2,328		2,328
Common stock dividends		(8,484)					(8,520)
Common stock dividends, accrued dividend shares				36
Repurchases of common stock	[2]	24						24
Share-based compensation expense		3,168		3,168
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023		$ 2,279,969	$ 611	$ 87,018	$ (91,357)		$ 3,611,442	$ (1,328,784)	$ 1,039

[1] Represents cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments and post-retirement liability adjustments.

[2] Represents adjustment to estimate of excise tax on net share repurchases. Estimates of excise tax are subject to change in subsequent reporting periods, particularly if the amount of our share issuances exceed our share repurchases, thereby reducing the estimated excise tax due for the annual period. Refer to Note 10 - Common Stock for further detail regarding the excise tax on net share repurchases.

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Basis Of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis Of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Consequently, certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. References to the “Company,” “EMCOR,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and similar words refer to EMCOR Group, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise. Readers of this report should refer to the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting only of those of a normal recurring nature) necessary to present fairly our financial position and the results of our operations.

Our reportable segments and related disclosures reflect certain reclassifications of prior year amounts from our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment to our United States building services segment due to changes in our internal reporting structure aimed at realigning our service offerings.

The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.

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New Accounting Pronouncements	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Accounting Standards Update and Change in Accounting Principle [Abstract]
New Accounting Pronouncements	New Accounting PronouncementsThe Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) has issued an accounting standards update, which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to existing U.S. GAAP. This guidance is aimed at easing the financial reporting burdens related to reference rate reform, including the market transition from the London interbank offered rate (“LIBOR”), or other interbank offered rates, to alternative reference rates. Such accounting pronouncement, as amended, allows entities to account for and present certain contract modifications, which occur before December 31, 2024 and result from the transition to an alternative reference rate, as an event that does not require remeasurement at the modification date or reassessment of a previous accounting determination. In order to utilize such guidance, an entity must first conclude that the modified terms directly replace or have the potential to replace an eligible reference rate due to reference rate reform, and that any contemporaneous changes to other terms that change, or have the potential to change, the amount or timing of contractual cash flows are related to the replacement of a reference rate. During the second quarter of 2023, we amended our credit agreement to change the reference rate from LIBOR to an interest rate based on the secured overnight financing rate, as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“SOFR”). As such amendment falls within the scope of the aforementioned guidance, we adopted this accounting pronouncement and utilized the optional expedients referenced above. We are not exposed to any other material contracts that reference LIBOR. The amendment of our credit agreement and the adoption of this accounting pronouncement did not have a material impact on our financial position and/or results of operations.

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services by applying the following five step model:

(1) Identify the contract with a customer

A contract with a customer exists when: (a) the parties have approved the contract and are committed to perform their respective obligations, (b) the rights of the parties can be identified, (c) payment terms can be identified, (d) the arrangement has commercial substance, and (e) collectability of consideration is probable. Judgment is required when determining if the contractual criteria are met, specifically in the earlier stages of a project when a formally executed contract may not yet exist. In these situations, the Company evaluates all relevant facts and circumstances, including the existence of other forms of documentation or historical experience with our customers that may indicate a contractual agreement is in place and revenue should be recognized. In determining if the collectability of consideration is probable, the Company considers the customer’s ability and intention to pay such consideration through an evaluation of several factors, including an assessment of the creditworthiness of the customer and our prior collection history with such customer.

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

(2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract

At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods or services promised in a contract and identifies, as a separate performance obligation, each distinct promise to transfer goods or services to the customer. The identified performance obligations represent the “unit of account” for purposes of determining revenue recognition. In order to properly identify separate performance obligations, the Company applies judgment in determining whether each good or service provided is: (a) capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer, and (b) distinct within the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract.

In addition, when assessing performance obligations within a contract, the Company considers the warranty provisions included within such contract. To the extent the warranty terms provide the customer with an additional service, other than assurance that the promised good or service complies with agreed upon specifications, such warranty is accounted for as a separate performance obligation. In determining whether a warranty provides an additional service, the Company considers each warranty provision in comparison to warranty terms which are standard in the industry.

Our contracts are often modified through change orders to account for changes in the scope and price of the goods or services we are providing. Although the Company evaluates each change order to determine whether such modification creates a separate performance obligation, the majority of our change orders are for goods or services that are not distinct within the context of our original contract and, therefore, are not treated as separate performance obligations.

(3) Determine the transaction price

The transaction price represents the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to our customers. The consideration promised within a contract may include fixed amounts, variable amounts, or both. To the extent the performance obligation includes variable consideration, including contract bonuses and penalties that can either increase or decrease the transaction price, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration to be included in the transaction price utilizing one of two prescribed methods, depending on which method better predicts the amount of consideration to which the entity will be entitled. Such methods include: (a) the expected value method, whereby the amount of variable consideration to be recognized represents the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts, and (b) the most likely amount method, whereby the amount of variable consideration to be recognized represents the single most likely amount in a range of possible consideration amounts. When applying these methods, the Company considers all information that is reasonably available, including historical, current, and estimates of future performance. The expected value method is typically utilized in situations where a contract contains a large number of possible outcomes while the most likely amount method is typically utilized in situations where a contract has only two possible outcomes.

Variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent it is probable, in the Company’s judgment, that a significant future reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized under the contract will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. This threshold is referred to as the variable consideration constraint. In assessing whether to apply the variable consideration constraint, the Company considers if factors exist that could increase the likelihood or the magnitude of a potential reversal of revenue, including, but not limited to, whether: (a) the amount of consideration is highly susceptible to factors outside of the Company’s influence, such as the actions of third parties, (b) the uncertainty surrounding the amount of consideration is not expected to be resolved for a long period of time, (c) the Company’s experience with similar types of contracts is limited or that experience has limited predictive value, (d) the Company has a practice of either offering a broad range of price concessions or changing the payment terms and conditions of similar contracts in similar circumstances, and (e) the contract has a large number and broad range of possible consideration amounts.

Pending change orders represent one of the most common forms of variable consideration included within contract value and typically represent contract modifications for which a change in scope has been authorized or acknowledged by our customer but the final adjustment to contract price is yet to be negotiated. In estimating the transaction price for pending change orders, the Company considers all relevant facts, including documented correspondence with the customer regarding acknowledgment of and/or agreement with the modification, as well as historical experience with the customer or similar contractual circumstances. Based upon this assessment, the Company estimates the transaction price, including whether the variable consideration constraint should be applied.

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

Contract claims are another form of variable consideration which is common within our industry. Claim amounts represent revenue that has been recognized for contract modifications that are not submitted or are in dispute as to both scope and price. In estimating the transaction price for claims, the Company considers all relevant facts available. However, given the uncertainty surrounding claims, including the potential long-term nature of dispute resolution and the broad range of possible consideration amounts, there is an increased likelihood that any additional contract revenue associated with contract claims is constrained. The resolution of claims involves negotiations and, in certain cases, litigation. In the event litigation costs are incurred by us in connection with claims, such litigation costs are expensed as incurred, although we may seek to recover these costs.

For some transactions, the receipt of consideration does not match the timing of the transfer of goods or services to the customer. For such contracts, the Company evaluates whether this timing difference represents a financing arrangement within the contract. Although rare, if a contract is determined to contain a significant financing component, the Company adjusts the promised amount of consideration for the effects of the time value of money when determining the transaction price of such contract. Although our customers may retain a portion of the contract price until completion of the project and final contract settlement, these retainage amounts are not considered a significant financing component as the intent of the withheld amounts is to provide the customer with assurance that we will complete our obligations under the contract rather than to provide financing to the customer. In addition, although we may be entitled to advanced payments from our customers on certain contracts, these advanced payments generally do not represent a significant financing component as the payments are used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract, as well as to protect us from our customer failing to meet its obligations under the contract.

Changes in the estimates of transaction prices are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions to the estimates are made. Such changes in estimates can result in the recognition of revenue in a current period for performance obligations which were satisfied or partially satisfied in prior periods. Such changes in estimates may also result in the reversal of previously recognized revenue if the ultimate outcome differs from the Company’s previous estimate.

(4) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

For contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price. The Company determines the standalone selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation would have been sold separately in similar circumstances to similar customers. If the standalone selling price is not observable, the Company estimates the standalone selling price taking into account all available information such as market conditions and internal pricing guidelines. In certain circumstances, the standalone selling price is determined using an expected profit margin on anticipated costs related to the performance obligation.

(5) Recognize revenue as performance obligations are satisfied

The Company recognizes revenue at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to its customers. A good or service is considered to be transferred when the customer obtains control. The Company can transfer control of a good or service and satisfy its performance obligations either over time or at a point in time. The Company transfers control of a good or service over time and, therefore, satisfies a performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time if one of the following three criteria are met: (a) the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company’s performance as we perform, (b) the Company’s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced, or (c) the Company’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to us, and we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.

For our performance obligations satisfied over time, we recognize revenue by measuring the progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion can be either an input method or an output method and requires judgment based on the nature of the goods or services to be provided.

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

For our construction contracts, revenue is generally recognized over time as our performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as it is created or enhanced. Our fixed price construction projects generally use a cost-to-cost input method to measure our progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation as we believe it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. For our unit price construction contracts, progress towards complete satisfaction is measured through an output method, such as the number of units produced or delivered, when our performance does not produce significant amounts of work in process or finished goods prior to complete satisfaction of such performance obligations.

For our services contracts, revenue is also generally recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of our performance as we perform the service. For our fixed price service contracts with specified service periods, revenue is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over such service period when our inputs are expended evenly and the customer receives and consumes the benefits of our performance throughout the contract term.

The timing of revenue recognition for the manufacturing of new build heat exchangers within our United States industrial services segment depends on the payment terms of the contract, as our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to us. For those contracts for which we have a right to payment for performance completed to date at all times throughout our performance, inclusive of a cancellation, we recognize revenue over time. For these performance obligations, we use a cost-to-cost input method to measure our progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation as we believe it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. However, for those contracts for which we do not have a right, at all times, to payment for performance completed to date, we recognize revenue at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer. For bill-and-hold arrangements, revenue is recognized when the customer obtains control of the heat exchanger, which may be prior to shipping if certain recognition criteria are met.

For certain of our revenue streams, such as call-out repair and service work, outage services, refinery turnarounds, and specialty welding services that are performed under time and materials contracts, our progress towards complete satisfaction of such performance obligations is measured using an output method as the customer receives and consumes the benefits of our performance completed to date.

Changes in Estimates

Due to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, as well as the significant judgment involved in determining variable consideration, it is possible that estimates of costs to complete a performance obligation, and/or our estimates of transaction prices, will be revised in the near term. For those performance obligations for which revenue is recognized using a cost-to-cost input method, changes in total estimated costs, and related progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, or changes in the estimate of transaction prices, are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions to the estimates are made. When the current estimate of total costs for a performance obligation indicates a loss, a provision for the entire estimated loss on the unsatisfied performance obligation is made in the period in which the loss becomes evident.

Based on an evaluation of individual projects that had revisions to total estimated costs or anticipated contract value, which resulted in a reduction of profitability in excess of $1.0 million, our operating results were negatively impacted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, as summarized in the following table (in thousands):

	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	2,635	$	10,549	$	12,219	$	26,460
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	7,933		1,273		13,416		8,443
United States building services	—		—		2,977		—
Total impact	$	10,568	$	11,822	$	28,612	$	34,903

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized revenue of approximately $10.0 million and $22.6 million, respectively, on individual projects that were substantially complete in prior periods, but had revisions to total estimated cost or anticipated contract value, which resulted in an increase to profitability in excess of $1.0 million. Of the amounts recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, approximately $4.2 million and $4.3 million, respectively, were reported within our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment and approximately $5.8 million and $18.3 million, respectively, were reported within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment. There were no significant amounts of revenue recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 related to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods.

Disaggregation of Revenues

Our revenues are principally derived from contracts to provide construction services relating to electrical and mechanical systems, as well as to provide a number of building services and industrial services to our customers. Our contracts are with many different customers in numerous industries.

The following tables provide further disaggregation of our revenues, by categories we use to evaluate our financial performance within each of our reportable segments, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except for percentages). Refer to Note 14 - Segment Information of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information on how we disaggregate our revenues by reportable segment.

Due to continued growth in certain of our end markets, beginning with the first quarter of 2023, we have expanded the market sectors included in the disclosure for each of our United States construction segments, as shown below. All prior period disclosures have been adjusted to additionally reflect these changes.

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States electrical construction and facilities services:
Network and communications market sector	$	236,454	34	%	$	209,265	33	%
Commercial market sector	104,270		15	%	106,058		17	%
Manufacturing and industrial market sector	97,788		14	%	78,562		12	%
Healthcare market sector	62,126		9	%	43,911		7	%
High-tech manufacturing market sector	33,482		5	%	20,132		3	%
Institutional market sector	37,916		6	%	46,344		7	%
Transportation market sector	43,287		6	%	40,525		7	%
Water and wastewater market sector	6,327		1	%	5,466		1	%
Hospitality and entertainment market sector	16,708		2	%	8,598		1	%
Short duration projects (1)	43,481		6	%	58,637		9	%
Service work	15,927		2	%	16,829		3	%
	697,766				634,327
Less intersegment revenues	(360)				(944)
Total segment revenues	$	697,406			$	633,383

 ________

(1)Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States mechanical construction and facilities services:
Network and communications market sector	$	102,630	8	%	$	87,070	8	%
Commercial market sector	283,659		21	%	271,908		25	%
Manufacturing and industrial market sector	178,123		13	%	156,524		14	%
Healthcare market sector	123,025		9	%	120,185		11	%
High-tech manufacturing market sector	255,229		19	%	81,970		7	%
Institutional market sector	89,215		7	%	99,066		9	%
Transportation market sector	10,168		1	%	15,494		1	%
Water and wastewater market sector	65,219		5	%	66,667		6	%
Hospitality and entertainment market sector	14,716		1	%	9,910		1	%
Short duration projects (1)	81,851		6	%	76,073		7	%
Service work	128,912		10	%	127,033		11	%
	1,332,747				1,111,900
Less intersegment revenues	(3,147)				(3,245)
Total segment revenues	$	1,329,600			$	1,108,655

 ________

(1)Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States building services:
Mechanical services	$	542,371	66	%	$	471,134	65	%
Commercial site-based services	222,499		27	%	199,957		28	%
Government site-based services	52,848		7	%	48,292		7	%
Total segment revenues	$	817,718			$	719,383

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States industrial services:
Field services	$	214,341	85	%	$	213,866	87	%
Shop services	37,807		15	%	33,373		13	%
Total segment revenues	$	252,148			$	247,239
Total United States operations	$	3,096,872			$	2,708,660

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United Kingdom building services:
Service work	$	54,286	49	%	$	51,762	44	%
Project work	56,440		51	%	65,939		56	%
Total segment revenues	$	110,726			$	117,701
Total operations	$	3,207,598			$	2,826,361

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States electrical construction and facilities services:
Network and communications market sector	$	665,493	33	%	$	534,130	31	%
Commercial market sector	295,188		15	%	301,908		17	%
Manufacturing and industrial market sector	278,912		14	%	210,331		12	%
Healthcare market sector	182,442		9	%	119,259		7	%
High-tech manufacturing market sector	102,075		5	%	62,956		4	%
Institutional market sector	112,577		5	%	115,799		7	%
Transportation market sector	118,436		6	%	128,047		7	%
Water and wastewater market sector	18,388		1	%	15,962		1	%
Hospitality and entertainment market sector	56,510		3	%	19,892		1	%
Short duration projects (1)	141,901		7	%	167,553		10	%
Service work	50,080		2	%	47,253		3	%
	2,022,002				1,723,090
Less intersegment revenues	(1,683)				(3,565)
Total segment revenues	$	2,020,319			$	1,719,525

________

(1)Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States mechanical construction and facilities services:
Network and communications market sector	$	289,085	8	%	$	203,347	6	%
Commercial market sector	828,809		23	%	799,729		25	%
Manufacturing and industrial market sector	485,809		13	%	461,385		15	%
Healthcare market sector	353,595		10	%	367,002		12	%
High-tech manufacturing market sector	549,678		15	%	211,071		7	%
Institutional market sector	224,889		6	%	251,715		8	%
Transportation market sector	31,615		1	%	47,793		1	%
Water and wastewater market sector	201,167		6	%	196,157		6	%
Hospitality and entertainment market sector	38,324		1	%	34,108		1	%
Short duration projects (1)	237,246		7	%	254,102		8	%
Service work	368,378		10	%	340,682		11	%
	3,608,595				3,167,091
Less intersegment revenues	(6,324)				(8,143)
Total segment revenues	$	3,602,271			$	3,158,948

 ________

(1)Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States building services:
Mechanical services	$	1,519,410	65	%	$	1,300,555	64	%
Commercial site-based services	639,193		28	%	596,589		29	%
Government site-based services	159,502		7	%	144,411		7	%
Total segment revenues	$	2,318,105			$	2,041,555

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States industrial services:
Field services	$	751,062	86	%	$	732,826	87	%
Shop services	124,252		14	%	109,698		13	%
Total segment revenues	$	875,314			$	842,524
Total United States operations	$	8,816,009			$	7,762,552

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United Kingdom building services:
Service work	$	157,631	48	%	$	170,840	47	%
Project work	170,012		52	%	192,906		53	%
Total segment revenues	$	327,643			$	363,746
Total operations	$	9,143,652			$	8,126,298

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Accounts receivable are recognized in the period we deliver goods and services to our customers or when our right to consideration is unconditional. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to reduce outstanding receivables to their net realizable value. A considerable amount of judgment is required when determining expected credit losses. Estimates of such losses are recorded when we believe a customer, or group of customers, may not be able to meet their financial obligations due to deterioration in financial condition or credit rating. Factors relevant to our assessment include our prior collection history with our customers, the related aging of past due balances, projections of credit losses based on historical trends in credit quality indicators or past events, and forecasts of future economic conditions. In addition to monitoring delinquent accounts, management reviews the credit quality of its receivables by, among other things, obtaining credit ratings of significant customers, assessing economic and market conditions, and evaluating material changes to a customer’s business, cash flows, and financial condition.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our allowance for credit losses was $21.6 million and $22.4 million, respectively. The decrease in our allowance for credit losses was attributable to the write-off of specific amounts deemed uncollectible, partially offset by the provision for credit losses recorded during the first nine months of 2023. Allowances for credit losses are based on the best facts available and are reassessed and adjusted on a regular basis as additional information is received. Should anticipated collections fail to materialize, or if future economic conditions compare unfavorably to our forecasts, we could experience an increase in our credit losses.

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

The change in the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows (in thousands):

Balance at December 31, 2022	$	22,382
Provision for credit losses	5,256
Net amounts written off against the allowance, net of recoveries	(5,994)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	21,644

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Contract assets include unbilled amounts from our construction projects when revenues recognized under the cost-to-cost measure of progress exceed the amounts invoiced to our customers, as the amounts are not yet billable under the terms of our contracts. Such amounts are recoverable from our customers based upon various measures of performance, including achievement of certain milestones, completion of specified units, or completion of a contract. In addition, many of our time and materials arrangements, as well as our contracts to perform turnaround services within the United States industrial services segment, are billed in arrears pursuant to contract terms that are standard within the industry, resulting in contract assets and/or unbilled receivables being recorded as revenue is recognized in advance of billings.

Also included in contract assets are amounts we seek or will seek to collect from customers or others for errors or changes in contract specifications or design, contract change orders or modifications in dispute or unapproved as to scope and/or price, or other customer-related causes of unanticipated additional contract costs (claims and unapproved change orders). Our contract assets do not include capitalized costs to obtain and fulfill a contract. Contract assets are generally classified as current within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Contract liabilities from our construction contracts arise when amounts invoiced to our customers exceed revenues recognized under the cost-to-cost measure of progress. Contract liabilities additionally include advanced payments from our customers on certain contracts. Contract liabilities decrease as we recognize revenue from the satisfaction of the related performance obligation and are recorded as either current or long-term, depending upon when we expect to recognize such revenue. The long-term portion of contract liabilities is included in “Other long-term obligations” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Net contract liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contract assets, current	$	308,868	$	273,176
Contract assets, non-current	—		—
Contract liabilities, current	(1,489,324)		(1,098,263)
Contract liabilities, non-current	(2,060)		(2,273)
Net contract liabilities	$	(1,182,516)	$	(827,360)

Contract assets and contract liabilities increased by approximately $1.8 million and $5.0 million, respectively, as a result of acquisitions made by us during the first nine months of 2023. Excluding the impact of acquisitions, net contract liabilities increased by approximately $352.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily attributable to an increase in net contract liabilities on our uncompleted construction projects, partially as a result of the timing of invoicing to our customers, which included customer deposits and advanced billings on several large projects in the earlier stages of completion, resulting in amounts invoiced exceeding the revenue recognized for such projects. There was no significant impairment of contract assets recognized during the periods presented.

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations     

The following table presents the transaction price allocated to remaining unsatisfied performance obligations (“remaining performance obligations”) for each of our reportable segments and their respective percentages of total remaining performance obligations as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands, except for percentages):

	September 30, 2023		% of Total
Remaining performance obligations:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	2,158,104	25	%
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	4,875,551		56	%
United States building services	1,313,779		15	%
United States industrial services	133,894		2	%
Total United States operations	8,481,328		98	%
United Kingdom building services	154,115		2	%
Total operations	$	8,635,443	100	%

Our remaining performance obligations at September 30, 2023 were $8.64 billion. Remaining performance obligations increase with awards of new contracts and decrease as we perform work and recognize revenue on existing contracts. We include a project within our remaining performance obligations at such time the project is awarded and agreement on contract terms has been reached. Our remaining performance obligations include amounts related to contracts for which a fixed price contract value is not assigned when a reasonable estimate of the total transaction price can be made.

Remaining performance obligations include unrecognized revenues to be realized from uncompleted construction contracts. Although many of our construction contracts are subject to cancellation at the election of our customers, in accordance with industry practice, we do not limit the amount of unrecognized revenue included within remaining performance obligations for these contracts as the risk of cancellation is very low due to the inherent substantial economic penalty that our customers would incur upon cancellation or termination. We believe our reported remaining performance obligations for our construction contracts are firm and contract cancellations have not had a material adverse effect on us.

Remaining performance obligations also include unrecognized revenues expected to be realized over the remaining term of service contracts. However, to the extent a service contract includes a cancellation clause which allows for the termination of such contract by either party without a substantive penalty, the remaining contract term, and therefore, the amount of unrecognized revenues included within remaining performance obligations, is limited to the notice period required for the termination.

Our remaining performance obligations are comprised of: (a) original contract amounts, (b) change orders for which we have received written confirmations from our customers, (c) pending change orders for which we expect to receive confirmations in the ordinary course of business, (d) claim amounts that we have made against customers for which we have determined we have a legal basis under existing contractual arrangements and as to which the variable consideration constraint does not apply, and (e) other forms of variable consideration to the extent that such variable consideration has been included within the transaction price of our contracts. Such claim and other variable consideration amounts were immaterial for all periods presented.

Refer to the table below for additional information regarding our remaining performance obligations, including an estimate of when we expect to recognize such remaining performance obligations as revenue (in thousands):

	Within one year		Greater than one year
Remaining performance obligations:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	1,743,345	$	414,759
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	4,021,465		854,086
United States building services	1,166,368		147,411
United States industrial services	133,894		—
Total United States operations	7,065,072		1,416,256
United Kingdom building services	107,125		46,990
Total operations	$	7,172,197	$	1,463,246

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Acquisitions Of Businesses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Acquisitions Of Businesses

Acquisitions of Businesses

Acquisitions are accounted for utilizing the acquisition method of accounting and the prices paid for them are allocated to their respective assets and liabilities based upon the estimated fair value of such assets and liabilities at the dates of their respective acquisition by us.

During the first nine months of 2023, we acquired seven companies for total consideration of $92.8 million. Such acquisitions include: (a) a national energy efficiency specialty services firm, the results of operations of which have been included in our United States building services segment, and (b) six companies that enhance our presence in geographies where we have existing operations, the results of operations of which were de minimis, consisting of: (i) two companies that have been included within our Unites States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, one of which provides mechanical and pipe fabrication services, and one of which provides fire protection services, both in the Midwestern region of the United States, and (ii) four mechanical services companies in the Western and Midwestern regions of the United States, that have been included within our United States building services segment. In connection with these acquisitions, we acquired working capital of $9.1 million and other net liabilities of $6.7 million, including certain deferred tax liabilities, and have preliminarily ascribed $34.2 million to goodwill and $56.2 million to identifiable intangible assets. We expect that $23.2 million of the goodwill and identifiable intangible assets acquired in connection with these 2023 acquisitions will be deductible for tax purposes.

During calendar year 2022, we acquired six companies for total consideration of $100.8 million. Such acquisitions include: (a) a company that provides electrical construction services in the Greater Boston area, the results of operations of which have been included in our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment, and (b) five companies that enhance our presence in geographies where we have existing operations, the results of operations of which were de minimis, consisting of: (i) two companies that provide fire protection services in the Northeastern and Southern regions of the United States, respectively, and that have been included within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment, (ii) two companies that specialize in either building automation and controls or mechanical services in the Southwestern and Southern regions of the United States, respectively, and that have been included within our United States building services segment, and (iii) a company that provides electrical construction services in the Midwestern region of the United States and that has been included within our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment. In connection with these acquisitions, we acquired working capital of $7.1 million and other net liabilities of $1.1 million, and have ascribed $28.9 million to goodwill and $65.9 million to identifiable intangible assets. We expect that all of the goodwill and identifiable intangible assets acquired in connection with these 2022 acquisitions will be deductible for tax purposes.

The purchase price allocations for the businesses acquired in 2023 are preliminary and subject to change during their respective measurement periods. As we finalize such purchase price allocations, adjustments may be recorded relating to finalization of intangible asset valuations, tax matters, or other items. Although not expected to be significant, such adjustments may result in changes in the valuation of assets and liabilities acquired. The purchase price allocations for the businesses acquired in 2022 have been finalized during their respective measurement periods with an insignificant impact.

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Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

Calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share

The following tables summarize our calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share (“EPS”) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc.	$	169,409	$	105,772
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute basic earnings per common share	47,173,974		48,867,420
Effect of dilutive securities—Share-based awards	224,223		182,731
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per common share	47,398,197		49,050,151
Basic earnings per common share	$	3.59	$	2.16
Diluted earnings per common share	$	3.57	$	2.16

NOTE 5 - Earnings Per Share (Continued)

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc.	$	421,477	$	279,822
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute basic earnings per common share	47,446,298		50,676,365
Effect of dilutive securities—Share-based awards	196,465		197,010
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per common share	47,642,763		50,873,375
Basic earnings per common share	$	8.88	$	5.52
Diluted earnings per common share	$	8.85	$	5.50

The number of share-based awards excluded from the computation of diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 because they would be anti-dilutive were 400 and 800, respectively. The number of share-based awards excluded from the computation of diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 because they would be anti-dilutive were 850 and 1,350, respectively.

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Inventories

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

Inventories

Inventories in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following amounts as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials and construction materials	$	93,750	$	74,014
Work in process	21,716		11,627
Inventories	$	115,466	$	85,641

The increase in inventories as of September 30, 2023, compared to December 31, 2022, was a result of: (a) advanced purchases of materials and equipment for use on specific construction projects, in an effort to mitigate the impact of increased lead times, which have resulted from supply chain disruptions, (b) an increase in raw materials on hand to support our fabrication facilities given the growth in demand for our fire protection services, and (c) higher levels of work in process inventory within our United States industrial services segment given greater new build heat exchanger orders.

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Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt        

Debt in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following amounts as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Term loan	$	100,000	$	242,813
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(1,360)		(2,080)
Finance lease liabilities	5,322		6,459
Total debt	103,962		247,192
Less: current maturities	6,482		15,567
Total long-term debt	$	97,480	$	231,625

NOTE 7 - Debt (Continued)

Credit Agreement        

We have a credit agreement dated as of March 2, 2020, which provides for a $1.3 billion revolving credit facility (the “2020 Revolving Credit Facility”) and a $300.0 million term loan (the “2020 Term Loan”) (collectively referred to as the “Original 2020 Credit Agreement”) expiring March 2, 2025. On April 28, 2023, we entered into the First Amendment to the Original 2020 Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”), pursuant to which the reference rate contained therein was changed from LIBOR to Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined below). The Original 2020 Credit Agreement, as amended by the First Amendment, is hereinafter referred to as “the 2020 Credit Agreement.” We may increase the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility to $1.9 billion if additional lenders are identified and/or existing lenders are willing to increase their current commitments. We may allocate up to $400.0 million of available capacity under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility to letters of credit for our account or for the account of any of our subsidiaries.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balance of the 2020 Term Loan was $100.0 million and $242.8 million, respectively. There were no direct borrowings outstanding under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. However, outstanding letters of credit reduce the available capacity under such facility, and as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $123.7 million and $71.3 million, respectively, of letters of credit outstanding.

At the Company’s election, borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement bear interest at either: (1) a base rate plus a margin of 0.00% to 0.75%, based on certain financial tests, or (2) a rate equal to the secured overnight financing rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for the applicable tenor plus 0.10% (“Adjusted Term SOFR”) (5.42% at September 30, 2023) plus a margin of 1.00% to 1.75%, based on certain financial tests. The base rate is determined by the greater of: (a) the prime commercial lending rate announced by Bank of Montreal from time to time (8.50% at September 30, 2023), (b) the federal funds effective rate, plus ½ of 1.00%, (c) Adjusted Term SOFR for a one-month tenor, plus 1.00%, or (d) 0.00%.

The interest rates in effect at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were 6.42% and 5.73%, respectively. A commitment fee is payable on the average daily unused amount of the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility, which ranges from 0.10% to 0.25%, based on certain financial tests. The fee was 0.10% of the unused amount as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Fees for letters of credit issued under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility range from 0.75% to 1.75% of the respective face amounts of outstanding letters of credit, depending on the nature of the letter of credit, and are computed based on certain financial tests. We capitalized an additional $3.1 million of debt issuance costs associated with the 2020 Credit Agreement. Debt issuance costs are amortized over the life of the agreement as part of interest expense.

Obligations under the 2020 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by most of our direct and indirect subsidiaries and are secured by substantially all of our assets. The 2020 Credit Agreement contains various covenants providing for, among other things, the maintenance of certain financial ratios and certain limitations on the payment of dividends, common stock repurchases, investments, acquisitions, indebtedness, and capital expenditures. We were in compliance with all such covenants as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

We are required to make annual principal payments on the 2020 Term Loan. Voluntary prepayments are applied against the outstanding balance of the loan and reduce our future scheduled payments on a ratable basis. During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, we made a prepayment in the amount of $142.8 million. Based on our outstanding balance, principal payments of $5.0 million are due on December 31, 2023 and 2024, with any remaining unpaid principal and interest due on March 2, 2025.

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements        

For disclosure purposes, we utilize a fair value hierarchy to categorize qualifying assets and liabilities into three broad levels based on the priority of the inputs used to determine their fair values. The hierarchy, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs, is comprised of the following three levels:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs, other than Level 1 inputs, that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability, including quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

NOTE 8 - Fair Value Measurements (Continued)

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following tables summarize the assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):  

	Assets at Fair Value as of September 30, 2023
Asset Category	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents (1)	$	523,632	$	—	$	—	$	523,632
Deferred compensation plan assets (2)	43,004		—		—		43,004
Total	$	566,636	$	—	$	—	$	566,636

	Assets at Fair Value as of December 31, 2022
Asset Category	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents (1)	$	456,439	$	—	$	—	$	456,439
Deferred compensation plan assets (2)	36,882		—		—		36,882
Restricted cash (3)	629		—		—		629
Total	$	493,950	$	—	$	—	$	493,950

 _________________________

(1)Cash and cash equivalents consist of deposit accounts and money market funds with original maturity dates of three months or less, which are Level 1 assets. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $361.9 million and $209.4 million, respectively, in money market funds. From time to time, we have cash balances in certain of our domestic bank accounts that exceed federally insured limits.

(2)Deferred compensation plan assets are classified as “Other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(3)Restricted cash is classified as “Prepaid expenses and other” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Restricted cash primarily represents cash held in account for use on customer contracts.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

We have recorded goodwill and identifiable intangible assets in connection with our business acquisitions. Such assets are measured at fair value at the time of acquisition based on valuation techniques that appropriately represent the methods which would be used by other market participants in determining fair value. In addition, goodwill, intangible assets, and certain other long-lived assets are tested for impairment using similar valuation methodologies to determine the fair value of such assets. Periodically, we engage an independent third-party valuation specialist to assist with the valuation process, including the selection of appropriate methodologies and the development of market-based assumptions. The inputs used for these nonrecurring fair value measurements represent Level 3 inputs.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, we identified facts and circumstances that indicated the carrying values of certain long-lived assets within our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment may not be fully recoverable, necessitating a comparison of their carrying values to the undiscounted pre-tax cash flows expected to result from the use of such assets. As a result of this test, we determined that these assets were impaired, and recognized a $2.4 million impairment charge as calculated using a discounted cash flow model. As of September 30, 2023, the value of these assets was $2.0 million, which represents fair value as determined on a nonrecurring basis.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We believe that the carrying values of our financial instruments, which include accounts receivable and other financing commitments, approximate their fair values due primarily to their short-term maturities and low risk of counterparty default. The carrying value of our debt associated with the 2020 Credit Agreement approximates its fair value due to the variable rate on such debt.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The following table presents our income tax provision and our income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except percentages):

	For the three months ended September 30,						For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Income tax provision	$	64,863		$	42,153		$	159,292		$	104,927
Income tax rate	27.7		%	28.5		%	27.4		%	27.3		%

The difference between the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% and our effective income tax rate for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was primarily a result of state and local income taxes and other permanent book-to-tax differences.

The increase in our income tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, when compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, was primarily due to greater income before income taxes. While our effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is comparable to that for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the difference between our effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 was attributable to a revision to our estimate of the full year impact of certain permanent book-to-tax differences during the third quarter of 2022.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had no unrecognized income tax benefits.

We file a consolidated federal income tax return including all of our U.S. subsidiaries with the Internal Revenue Service. We additionally file income tax returns with various state, local, and foreign tax agencies. Our income tax returns are subject to audit by various taxing authorities and are currently under examination for the years 2017 through 2020.

Legislation has been enacted in the United Kingdom to implement measures in concert with the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Pillar Two framework for international taxation developed by the member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “Pillar Two Model Rules”). The Pillar Two Model Rules are intended to ensure that multinational enterprises pay a minimum 15% effective tax rate in every jurisdiction in which they operate. While we do not anticipate that these rules will have a material effect on our tax provision or effective tax rate, we continue to monitor evolving tax legislation in the jurisdictions in which we operate.

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Common Stock

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Common Stock

Common Stock        

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 47,141,954 and 47,666,725 shares of our common stock outstanding, respectively.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we issued 11,838 and 19,573 shares of common stock, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we issued 126,492 and 191,330 shares of common stock, respectively. These shares were issued upon either the satisfaction of required conditions under our share-based compensation plans or the purchase of common stock pursuant to our employee stock purchase plan.

We have paid quarterly dividends since October 25, 2011. We currently pay a regular quarterly dividend of $0.18 per share.

In September 2011, our Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized a share repurchase program allowing us to begin repurchasing shares of our outstanding common stock. Subsequently, the Board has from time to time increased the amount authorized for repurchases under such program. Since the inception of the repurchase program, the Board has authorized us to repurchase up to $2.15 billion of our outstanding common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we repurchased approximately 0.7 million shares of our common stock for approximately $106.1 million. Since the inception of the repurchase program through September 30, 2023, we have repurchased approximately 25.7 million shares of our common stock for approximately $1.87 billion. As of September 30, 2023, there remained authorization for us to repurchase approximately $283.7 million of our shares. The repurchase program has no expiration date, does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and may be suspended, recommenced, or discontinued at any time or from time to time without prior notice. We may repurchase our shares from time to time to the extent permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements, including provisions in our 2020 Credit Agreement placing limitations on such repurchases.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which was enacted into law on August 16, 2022, imposes a nondeductible excise tax of 1% on the fair value of net stock repurchases in excess of share issuances made by publicly traded U.S. corporations, effective for repurchases after December 31, 2022. Starting with the first quarter of 2023, we have included the applicable excise tax as a component of treasury stock as it represents a direct cost associated with the repurchase of our common stock.

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Retirement Plans

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Retirement Plans

Retirement Plans

The funded status of our defined benefit plans, which represents the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligations, is recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses for the differences between actuarial assumptions and actual results are recognized through accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). These amounts will be subsequently recognized as net periodic pension cost (income) within the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Our United Kingdom subsidiary has a defined benefit pension plan covering all eligible employees (the “UK Plan”); however, no individual joining the company after October 31, 2001 may participate in the UK Plan. On May 31, 2010, we curtailed the future accrual of benefits for active employees under such plan.

We also sponsor three domestic retirement plans in which participation by new individuals is frozen. Amounts related to these domestic retirement plans were immaterial for all periods presented.

Components of Net Periodic Pension Cost

The components of net periodic pension cost (income) of the UK Plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands): 

	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest cost	$	2,472	$	1,344	$	7,299	$	4,325
Expected return on plan assets	(2,903)		(2,856)		(8,572)		(9,182)
Amortization of unrecognized loss	664		490		1,961		1,574
Net periodic pension cost (income)	$	233	$	(1,022)	$	688	$	(3,283)

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Severance Agreements

We have agreements with our executive officers and certain other key management personnel providing for severance benefits for such employees upon termination of their employment under certain circumstances.

Guarantees

In the ordinary course of business, we, at times, guarantee obligations of our subsidiaries under certain contracts. Generally, we are liable under such an arrangement only if our subsidiary fails to perform its obligations under the contract. Historically, we have not incurred any substantial liabilities as a consequence of these guarantees.

Surety Bonds

The terms of our construction contracts frequently require that we obtain from surety companies, and provide to our customers, surety bonds as a condition to the award of such contracts. These surety bonds are issued in return for premiums, which vary depending on the size and type of the bond, and secure our payment and performance obligations under such contracts. We have agreed to indemnify the surety companies for amounts, if any, paid by them in respect of surety bonds issued on our behalf. As of September 30, 2023, based on the percentage-of-completion of our projects covered by surety bonds, our aggregate estimated exposure, assuming defaults on all our then existing contractual obligations, was approximately $2.0 billion, which represents approximately 23% of our total remaining performance obligations.

Surety bonds are sometimes provided to secure obligations for wages and benefits payable to or for certain of our employees, at the request of labor unions representing such employees. In addition, surety bonds may be issued as collateral for certain insurance obligations. As of September 30, 2023, we satisfied approximately $48.1 million of the collateral requirements of our insurance programs by utilizing surety bonds.

We are not aware of any losses in connection with surety bonds that have been posted on our behalf, and we do not expect to incur significant losses in the foreseeable future.

NOTE 12 - Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

Hazardous Materials

We are subject to regulation with respect to the handling or disposal of certain materials used in the performance of our services, which are classified as hazardous or toxic by federal, state, and local agencies. Our practice is to avoid participation in projects principally involving the remediation or removal of such materials. However, when remediation is required as part of our contract performance, we believe we comply with all applicable regulations governing the discharge of hazardous materials into the environment or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment.

Government Contracts

As a government contractor, we are subject to U.S. government audits and investigations relating to our operations, which such audits may result in fines, penalties and compensatory and treble damages, and possible suspension or debarment from doing business with the government. Based on currently available information, we believe the outcome of ongoing government disputes and investigations will not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

Legal Proceedings     

We are involved in several legal proceedings in which damages and claims have been asserted against us. We believe that we have a number of valid defenses to such proceedings and claims and intend to vigorously defend ourselves. We do not believe that any such matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. We record a loss contingency if the potential loss from a proceeding or claim is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated or a range of loss can be determined. We provide disclosure when it is reasonably possible that a loss will be incurred in excess of any recorded provision. Significant judgment is required in these determinations. As additional information becomes available, we reassess prior determinations and may change our estimates. Additional claims may be asserted against us in the future. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of litigation is not predictable with assurance. It is possible that a litigation matter for which liabilities have not been recorded could be decided unfavorably to us, and that any such unfavorable decision could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

Insurance Liabilities

We have loss payment deductibles for certain workers’ compensation, automobile liability, general liability, and property claims, have self-insured retentions for certain other casualty claims, and are self-insured for employee-related healthcare claims. In addition, we maintain a wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary to manage certain of our insurance liabilities. Losses are recorded based upon estimates of our liability for claims incurred and for claims incurred but not reported. The liabilities are derived from known facts, historical trends, and industry averages, utilizing the assistance of an independent third-party actuary to determine the best estimate for the majority of these obligations. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the estimated current portion of such undiscounted insurance liabilities, included in “Other accrued expenses and liabilities” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, were $52.4 million and $54.8 million, respectively. The estimated non-current portion of such undiscounted insurance liabilities included in “Other long-term obligations” as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $225.4 million and $221.7 million, respectively. The current portion of anticipated insurance recoveries of $13.2 million and $16.0 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were included in “Prepaid expenses and other” and the non-current portion of anticipated insurance recoveries of $50.6 million and $59.0 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were included in “Other assets” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Additional Cash Flow

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Additional Cash Flow Information

Additional Cash Flow Information

The following table presents additional cash flow information for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):  

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cash paid for:
Interest	$	13,632	$	6,343
Income taxes	$	161,070	$	133,540
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	99,745	$	52,431
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	855	$	1,124

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Segment Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Segment Information

We are one of the largest specialty contractors in the United States and a leading provider of electrical and mechanical construction and facilities services, building services, and industrial services. Our services are provided to a broad range of commercial, technology, manufacturing, industrial, healthcare, utility, and institutional customers through approximately 100 operating subsidiaries. Such operating subsidiaries are organized into the following reportable segments:

•United States electrical construction and facilities services;

•United States mechanical construction and facilities services;

•United States building services;

•United States industrial services; and

•United Kingdom building services.

We refer to our United States electrical construction and facilities services segment and our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment together as our United States construction segments.

Our reportable segments and related disclosures reflect certain reclassifications of prior year amounts from our United States mechanical construction and facilities services segment to our United States building services segment due to changes in our internal reporting structure aimed at realigning our service offerings.

NOTE 14 - Segment Information (Continued)

The following tables present financial information for each of our reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): 

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Revenues from unrelated entities:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	697,406	$	633,383
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	1,329,600		1,108,655
United States building services	817,718		719,383
United States industrial services	252,148		247,239
Total United States operations	3,096,872		2,708,660
United Kingdom building services	110,726		117,701
Total operations	$	3,207,598	$	2,826,361
Total revenues:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	697,897	$	634,957
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	1,342,149		1,125,162
United States building services	846,400		744,801
United States industrial services	252,244		266,182
Less intersegment revenues	(41,818)		(62,442)
Total United States operations	3,096,872		2,708,660
United Kingdom building services	110,726		117,701
Total operations	$	3,207,598	$	2,826,361

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Revenues from unrelated entities:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	2,020,319	$	1,719,525
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	3,602,271		3,158,948
United States building services	2,318,105		2,041,555
United States industrial services	875,314		842,524
Total United States operations	8,816,009		7,762,552
United Kingdom building services	327,643		363,746
Total operations	$	9,143,652	$	8,126,298
Total revenues:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	2,022,557	$	1,724,400
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	3,650,875		3,187,117
United States building services	2,397,944		2,116,385
United States industrial services	883,808		878,123
Less intersegment revenues	(139,175)		(143,473)
Total United States operations	8,816,009		7,762,552
United Kingdom building services	327,643		363,746
Total operations	$	9,143,652	$	8,126,298

NOTE 14 - Segment Information (Continued)

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Operating income (loss):
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	63,127	$	35,558
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	138,476		90,500
United States building services	57,156		46,041
United States industrial services	(174)		(1,392)
Total United States operations	258,585		170,707
United Kingdom building services	8,869		8,369
Corporate administration	(30,121)		(28,982)
Impairment loss on long-lived assets	(2,350)		—
Total operations	234,983		150,094
Other items:
Net periodic pension (cost) income	(284)		1,025
Interest expense, net	(90)		(3,194)
Income before income taxes	$	234,609	$	147,925

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Operating income (loss):
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	154,365	$	90,646
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	344,550		225,545
United States building services	140,943		108,698
United States industrial services	22,733		18,324
Total United States operations	662,591		443,213
United Kingdom building services	20,220		25,372
Corporate administration	(93,901)		(80,890)
Impairment loss on long-lived assets	(2,350)		—
Total operations	586,560		387,695
Other items:
Net periodic pension (cost) income	(840)		3,288
Interest expense, net	(4,614)		(6,234)
Income before income taxes	$	581,106	$	384,749

NOTE 14 - Segment Information (Continued)

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total assets:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	1,173,992	$	1,078,405
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	2,159,947		1,835,001
United States building services	1,415,194		1,206,518
United States industrial services	586,360		552,545
Total United States operations	5,335,493		4,672,469
United Kingdom building services	262,629		255,547
Corporate administration	626,071		596,591
Total operations	$	6,224,193	$	5,524,607

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc. (in US dollars)	$ 169,409	$ 105,772	$ 421,477	$ 279,822

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Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Policy)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services by applying the following five step model:

(1) Identify the contract with a customer

A contract with a customer exists when: (a) the parties have approved the contract and are committed to perform their respective obligations, (b) the rights of the parties can be identified, (c) payment terms can be identified, (d) the arrangement has commercial substance, and (e) collectability of consideration is probable. Judgment is required when determining if the contractual criteria are met, specifically in the earlier stages of a project when a formally executed contract may not yet exist. In these situations, the Company evaluates all relevant facts and circumstances, including the existence of other forms of documentation or historical experience with our customers that may indicate a contractual agreement is in place and revenue should be recognized. In determining if the collectability of consideration is probable, the Company considers the customer’s ability and intention to pay such consideration through an evaluation of several factors, including an assessment of the creditworthiness of the customer and our prior collection history with such customer.

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

(2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract

At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods or services promised in a contract and identifies, as a separate performance obligation, each distinct promise to transfer goods or services to the customer. The identified performance obligations represent the “unit of account” for purposes of determining revenue recognition. In order to properly identify separate performance obligations, the Company applies judgment in determining whether each good or service provided is: (a) capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer, and (b) distinct within the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract.

In addition, when assessing performance obligations within a contract, the Company considers the warranty provisions included within such contract. To the extent the warranty terms provide the customer with an additional service, other than assurance that the promised good or service complies with agreed upon specifications, such warranty is accounted for as a separate performance obligation. In determining whether a warranty provides an additional service, the Company considers each warranty provision in comparison to warranty terms which are standard in the industry.

Our contracts are often modified through change orders to account for changes in the scope and price of the goods or services we are providing. Although the Company evaluates each change order to determine whether such modification creates a separate performance obligation, the majority of our change orders are for goods or services that are not distinct within the context of our original contract and, therefore, are not treated as separate performance obligations.

(3) Determine the transaction price

The transaction price represents the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to our customers. The consideration promised within a contract may include fixed amounts, variable amounts, or both. To the extent the performance obligation includes variable consideration, including contract bonuses and penalties that can either increase or decrease the transaction price, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration to be included in the transaction price utilizing one of two prescribed methods, depending on which method better predicts the amount of consideration to which the entity will be entitled. Such methods include: (a) the expected value method, whereby the amount of variable consideration to be recognized represents the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts, and (b) the most likely amount method, whereby the amount of variable consideration to be recognized represents the single most likely amount in a range of possible consideration amounts. When applying these methods, the Company considers all information that is reasonably available, including historical, current, and estimates of future performance. The expected value method is typically utilized in situations where a contract contains a large number of possible outcomes while the most likely amount method is typically utilized in situations where a contract has only two possible outcomes.

Variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent it is probable, in the Company’s judgment, that a significant future reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized under the contract will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. This threshold is referred to as the variable consideration constraint. In assessing whether to apply the variable consideration constraint, the Company considers if factors exist that could increase the likelihood or the magnitude of a potential reversal of revenue, including, but not limited to, whether: (a) the amount of consideration is highly susceptible to factors outside of the Company’s influence, such as the actions of third parties, (b) the uncertainty surrounding the amount of consideration is not expected to be resolved for a long period of time, (c) the Company’s experience with similar types of contracts is limited or that experience has limited predictive value, (d) the Company has a practice of either offering a broad range of price concessions or changing the payment terms and conditions of similar contracts in similar circumstances, and (e) the contract has a large number and broad range of possible consideration amounts.

Pending change orders represent one of the most common forms of variable consideration included within contract value and typically represent contract modifications for which a change in scope has been authorized or acknowledged by our customer but the final adjustment to contract price is yet to be negotiated. In estimating the transaction price for pending change orders, the Company considers all relevant facts, including documented correspondence with the customer regarding acknowledgment of and/or agreement with the modification, as well as historical experience with the customer or similar contractual circumstances. Based upon this assessment, the Company estimates the transaction price, including whether the variable consideration constraint should be applied.

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

Contract claims are another form of variable consideration which is common within our industry. Claim amounts represent revenue that has been recognized for contract modifications that are not submitted or are in dispute as to both scope and price. In estimating the transaction price for claims, the Company considers all relevant facts available. However, given the uncertainty surrounding claims, including the potential long-term nature of dispute resolution and the broad range of possible consideration amounts, there is an increased likelihood that any additional contract revenue associated with contract claims is constrained. The resolution of claims involves negotiations and, in certain cases, litigation. In the event litigation costs are incurred by us in connection with claims, such litigation costs are expensed as incurred, although we may seek to recover these costs.

For some transactions, the receipt of consideration does not match the timing of the transfer of goods or services to the customer. For such contracts, the Company evaluates whether this timing difference represents a financing arrangement within the contract. Although rare, if a contract is determined to contain a significant financing component, the Company adjusts the promised amount of consideration for the effects of the time value of money when determining the transaction price of such contract. Although our customers may retain a portion of the contract price until completion of the project and final contract settlement, these retainage amounts are not considered a significant financing component as the intent of the withheld amounts is to provide the customer with assurance that we will complete our obligations under the contract rather than to provide financing to the customer. In addition, although we may be entitled to advanced payments from our customers on certain contracts, these advanced payments generally do not represent a significant financing component as the payments are used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract, as well as to protect us from our customer failing to meet its obligations under the contract.

Changes in the estimates of transaction prices are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions to the estimates are made. Such changes in estimates can result in the recognition of revenue in a current period for performance obligations which were satisfied or partially satisfied in prior periods. Such changes in estimates may also result in the reversal of previously recognized revenue if the ultimate outcome differs from the Company’s previous estimate.

(4) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

For contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price. The Company determines the standalone selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation would have been sold separately in similar circumstances to similar customers. If the standalone selling price is not observable, the Company estimates the standalone selling price taking into account all available information such as market conditions and internal pricing guidelines. In certain circumstances, the standalone selling price is determined using an expected profit margin on anticipated costs related to the performance obligation.

(5) Recognize revenue as performance obligations are satisfied

The Company recognizes revenue at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to its customers. A good or service is considered to be transferred when the customer obtains control. The Company can transfer control of a good or service and satisfy its performance obligations either over time or at a point in time. The Company transfers control of a good or service over time and, therefore, satisfies a performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time if one of the following three criteria are met: (a) the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company’s performance as we perform, (b) the Company’s performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the asset is created or enhanced, or (c) the Company’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to us, and we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.

For our performance obligations satisfied over time, we recognize revenue by measuring the progress toward complete satisfaction of that performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion can be either an input method or an output method and requires judgment based on the nature of the goods or services to be provided.

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

For our construction contracts, revenue is generally recognized over time as our performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as it is created or enhanced. Our fixed price construction projects generally use a cost-to-cost input method to measure our progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation as we believe it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. For our unit price construction contracts, progress towards complete satisfaction is measured through an output method, such as the number of units produced or delivered, when our performance does not produce significant amounts of work in process or finished goods prior to complete satisfaction of such performance obligations.

For our services contracts, revenue is also generally recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of our performance as we perform the service. For our fixed price service contracts with specified service periods, revenue is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over such service period when our inputs are expended evenly and the customer receives and consumes the benefits of our performance throughout the contract term.

The timing of revenue recognition for the manufacturing of new build heat exchangers within our United States industrial services segment depends on the payment terms of the contract, as our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to us. For those contracts for which we have a right to payment for performance completed to date at all times throughout our performance, inclusive of a cancellation, we recognize revenue over time. For these performance obligations, we use a cost-to-cost input method to measure our progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation as we believe it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. However, for those contracts for which we do not have a right, at all times, to payment for performance completed to date, we recognize revenue at the point in time when control is transferred to the customer. For bill-and-hold arrangements, revenue is recognized when the customer obtains control of the heat exchanger, which may be prior to shipping if certain recognition criteria are met.

For certain of our revenue streams, such as call-out repair and service work, outage services, refinery turnarounds, and specialty welding services that are performed under time and materials contracts, our progress towards complete satisfaction of such performance obligations is measured using an output method as the customer receives and consumes the benefits of our performance completed to date.

Changes in Estimates

Due to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, as well as the significant judgment involved in determining variable consideration, it is possible that estimates of costs to complete a performance obligation, and/or our estimates of transaction prices, will be revised in the near term. For those performance obligations for which revenue is recognized using a cost-to-cost input method, changes in total estimated costs, and related progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, or changes in the estimate of transaction prices, are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the revisions to the estimates are made. When the current estimate of total costs for a performance obligation indicates a loss, a provision for the entire estimated loss on the unsatisfied performance obligation is made in the period in which the loss becomes evident.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Accounts receivable are recognized in the period we deliver goods and services to our customers or when our right to consideration is unconditional. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to reduce outstanding receivables to their net realizable value. A considerable amount of judgment is required when determining expected credit losses. Estimates of such losses are recorded when we believe a customer, or group of customers, may not be able to meet their financial obligations due to deterioration in financial condition or credit rating. Factors relevant to our assessment include our prior collection history with our customers, the related aging of past due balances, projections of credit losses based on historical trends in credit quality indicators or past events, and forecasts of future economic conditions. In addition to monitoring delinquent accounts, management reviews the credit quality of its receivables by, among other things, obtaining credit ratings of significant customers, assessing economic and market conditions, and evaluating material changes to a customer’s business, cash flows, and financial condition.

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Fair Value Measurements (Policy)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

For disclosure purposes, we utilize a fair value hierarchy to categorize qualifying assets and liabilities into three broad levels based on the priority of the inputs used to determine their fair values. The hierarchy, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs, is comprised of the following three levels:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs, other than Level 1 inputs, that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability, including quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

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Commitment and Contingencies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Insurance Liabilities	Insurance LiabilitiesWe have loss payment deductibles for certain workers’ compensation, automobile liability, general liability, and property claims, have self-insured retentions for certain other casualty claims, and are self-insured for employee-related healthcare claims. In addition, we maintain a wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary to manage certain of our insurance liabilities. Losses are recorded based upon estimates of our liability for claims incurred and for claims incurred but not reported. The liabilities are derived from known facts, historical trends, and industry averages, utilizing the assistance of an independent third-party actuary to determine the best estimate for the majority of these obligations.

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Cumulative Catch-Up Adjustment

Based on an evaluation of individual projects that had revisions to total estimated costs or anticipated contract value, which resulted in a reduction of profitability in excess of $1.0 million, our operating results were negatively impacted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, as summarized in the following table (in thousands):

	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	2,635	$	10,549	$	12,219	$	26,460
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	7,933		1,273		13,416		8,443
United States building services	—		—		2,977		—
Total impact	$	10,568	$	11,822	$	28,612	$	34,903

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following tables provide further disaggregation of our revenues, by categories we use to evaluate our financial performance within each of our reportable segments, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except for percentages). Refer to Note 14 - Segment Information of the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information on how we disaggregate our revenues by reportable segment.

Due to continued growth in certain of our end markets, beginning with the first quarter of 2023, we have expanded the market sectors included in the disclosure for each of our United States construction segments, as shown below. All prior period disclosures have been adjusted to additionally reflect these changes.

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States electrical construction and facilities services:
Network and communications market sector	$	236,454	34	%	$	209,265	33	%
Commercial market sector	104,270		15	%	106,058		17	%
Manufacturing and industrial market sector	97,788		14	%	78,562		12	%
Healthcare market sector	62,126		9	%	43,911		7	%
High-tech manufacturing market sector	33,482		5	%	20,132		3	%
Institutional market sector	37,916		6	%	46,344		7	%
Transportation market sector	43,287		6	%	40,525		7	%
Water and wastewater market sector	6,327		1	%	5,466		1	%
Hospitality and entertainment market sector	16,708		2	%	8,598		1	%
Short duration projects (1)	43,481		6	%	58,637		9	%
Service work	15,927		2	%	16,829		3	%
	697,766				634,327
Less intersegment revenues	(360)				(944)
Total segment revenues	$	697,406			$	633,383

 ________

(1)Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States mechanical construction and facilities services:
Network and communications market sector	$	102,630	8	%	$	87,070	8	%
Commercial market sector	283,659		21	%	271,908		25	%
Manufacturing and industrial market sector	178,123		13	%	156,524		14	%
Healthcare market sector	123,025		9	%	120,185		11	%
High-tech manufacturing market sector	255,229		19	%	81,970		7	%
Institutional market sector	89,215		7	%	99,066		9	%
Transportation market sector	10,168		1	%	15,494		1	%
Water and wastewater market sector	65,219		5	%	66,667		6	%
Hospitality and entertainment market sector	14,716		1	%	9,910		1	%
Short duration projects (1)	81,851		6	%	76,073		7	%
Service work	128,912		10	%	127,033		11	%
	1,332,747				1,111,900
Less intersegment revenues	(3,147)				(3,245)
Total segment revenues	$	1,329,600			$	1,108,655

 ________

(1)Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States building services:
Mechanical services	$	542,371	66	%	$	471,134	65	%
Commercial site-based services	222,499		27	%	199,957		28	%
Government site-based services	52,848		7	%	48,292		7	%
Total segment revenues	$	817,718			$	719,383

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States industrial services:
Field services	$	214,341	85	%	$	213,866	87	%
Shop services	37,807		15	%	33,373		13	%
Total segment revenues	$	252,148			$	247,239
Total United States operations	$	3,096,872			$	2,708,660

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United Kingdom building services:
Service work	$	54,286	49	%	$	51,762	44	%
Project work	56,440		51	%	65,939		56	%
Total segment revenues	$	110,726			$	117,701
Total operations	$	3,207,598			$	2,826,361

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States electrical construction and facilities services:
Network and communications market sector	$	665,493	33	%	$	534,130	31	%
Commercial market sector	295,188		15	%	301,908		17	%
Manufacturing and industrial market sector	278,912		14	%	210,331		12	%
Healthcare market sector	182,442		9	%	119,259		7	%
High-tech manufacturing market sector	102,075		5	%	62,956		4	%
Institutional market sector	112,577		5	%	115,799		7	%
Transportation market sector	118,436		6	%	128,047		7	%
Water and wastewater market sector	18,388		1	%	15,962		1	%
Hospitality and entertainment market sector	56,510		3	%	19,892		1	%
Short duration projects (1)	141,901		7	%	167,553		10	%
Service work	50,080		2	%	47,253		3	%
	2,022,002				1,723,090
Less intersegment revenues	(1,683)				(3,565)
Total segment revenues	$	2,020,319			$	1,719,525

________

(1)Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States mechanical construction and facilities services:
Network and communications market sector	$	289,085	8	%	$	203,347	6	%
Commercial market sector	828,809		23	%	799,729		25	%
Manufacturing and industrial market sector	485,809		13	%	461,385		15	%
Healthcare market sector	353,595		10	%	367,002		12	%
High-tech manufacturing market sector	549,678		15	%	211,071		7	%
Institutional market sector	224,889		6	%	251,715		8	%
Transportation market sector	31,615		1	%	47,793		1	%
Water and wastewater market sector	201,167		6	%	196,157		6	%
Hospitality and entertainment market sector	38,324		1	%	34,108		1	%
Short duration projects (1)	237,246		7	%	254,102		8	%
Service work	368,378		10	%	340,682		11	%
	3,608,595				3,167,091
Less intersegment revenues	(6,324)				(8,143)
Total segment revenues	$	3,602,271			$	3,158,948

 ________

(1)Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.

NOTE 3 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Continued)

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States building services:
Mechanical services	$	1,519,410	65	%	$	1,300,555	64	%
Commercial site-based services	639,193		28	%	596,589		29	%
Government site-based services	159,502		7	%	144,411		7	%
Total segment revenues	$	2,318,105			$	2,041,555

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United States industrial services:
Field services	$	751,062	86	%	$	732,826	87	%
Shop services	124,252		14	%	109,698		13	%
Total segment revenues	$	875,314			$	842,524
Total United States operations	$	8,816,009			$	7,762,552

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		% of Total		2022		% of Total
United Kingdom building services:
Service work	$	157,631	48	%	$	170,840	47	%
Project work	170,012		52	%	192,906		53	%
Total segment revenues	$	327,643			$	363,746
Total operations	$	9,143,652			$	8,126,298

Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses

The change in the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was as follows (in thousands):

Balance at December 31, 2022	$	22,382
Provision for credit losses	5,256
Net amounts written off against the allowance, net of recoveries	(5,994)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	21,644

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

Net contract liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Contract assets, current	$	308,868	$	273,176
Contract assets, non-current	—		—
Contract liabilities, current	(1,489,324)		(1,098,263)
Contract liabilities, non-current	(2,060)		(2,273)
Net contract liabilities	$	(1,182,516)	$	(827,360)

Remaining Performance Obligations

The following table presents the transaction price allocated to remaining unsatisfied performance obligations (“remaining performance obligations”) for each of our reportable segments and their respective percentages of total remaining performance obligations as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands, except for percentages):

	September 30, 2023		% of Total
Remaining performance obligations:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	2,158,104	25	%
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	4,875,551		56	%
United States building services	1,313,779		15	%
United States industrial services	133,894		2	%
Total United States operations	8,481,328		98	%
United Kingdom building services	154,115		2	%
Total operations	$	8,635,443	100	%

Remaining Performance Obligations, Expected Timing of Satisfaction

Refer to the table below for additional information regarding our remaining performance obligations, including an estimate of when we expect to recognize such remaining performance obligations as revenue (in thousands):

	Within one year		Greater than one year
Remaining performance obligations:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	1,743,345	$	414,759
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	4,021,465		854,086
United States building services	1,166,368		147,411
United States industrial services	133,894		—
Total United States operations	7,065,072		1,416,256
United Kingdom building services	107,125		46,990
Total operations	$	7,172,197	$	1,463,246

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Calculation Of Basic And Diluted Earnings Per Common Share

The following tables summarize our calculation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Common Share (“EPS”) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc.	$	169,409	$	105,772
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute basic earnings per common share	47,173,974		48,867,420
Effect of dilutive securities—Share-based awards	224,223		182,731
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per common share	47,398,197		49,050,151
Basic earnings per common share	$	3.59	$	2.16
Diluted earnings per common share	$	3.57	$	2.16

NOTE 5 - Earnings Per Share (Continued)

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc.	$	421,477	$	279,822
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute basic earnings per common share	47,446,298		50,676,365
Effect of dilutive securities—Share-based awards	196,465		197,010
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per common share	47,642,763		50,873,375
Basic earnings per common share	$	8.88	$	5.52
Diluted earnings per common share	$	8.85	$	5.50

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Inventories (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

Inventories in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following amounts as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials and construction materials	$	93,750	$	74,014
Work in process	21,716		11,627
Inventories	$	115,466	$	85,641

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Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule Of Debt

Debt in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consisted of the following amounts as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Term loan	$	100,000	$	242,813
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(1,360)		(2,080)
Finance lease liabilities	5,322		6,459
Total debt	103,962		247,192
Less: current maturities	6,482		15,567
Total long-term debt	$	97,480	$	231,625

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule Of Assets And Liabilities Carried At Fair Value Measured On A Recurring Basis

The following tables summarize the assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):  

	Assets at Fair Value as of September 30, 2023
Asset Category	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents (1)	$	523,632	$	—	$	—	$	523,632
Deferred compensation plan assets (2)	43,004		—		—		43,004
Total	$	566,636	$	—	$	—	$	566,636

	Assets at Fair Value as of December 31, 2022
Asset Category	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash and cash equivalents (1)	$	456,439	$	—	$	—	$	456,439
Deferred compensation plan assets (2)	36,882		—		—		36,882
Restricted cash (3)	629		—		—		629
Total	$	493,950	$	—	$	—	$	493,950

 _________________________

(1)Cash and cash equivalents consist of deposit accounts and money market funds with original maturity dates of three months or less, which are Level 1 assets. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $361.9 million and $209.4 million, respectively, in money market funds. From time to time, we have cash balances in certain of our domestic bank accounts that exceed federally insured limits.

(2)Deferred compensation plan assets are classified as “Other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(3)Restricted cash is classified as “Prepaid expenses and other” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Restricted cash primarily represents cash held in account for use on customer contracts.

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Income Taxes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income Tax Provision

The following table presents our income tax provision and our income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except percentages):

	For the three months ended September 30,						For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Income tax provision	$	64,863		$	42,153		$	159,292		$	104,927
Income tax rate	27.7		%	28.5		%	27.4		%	27.3		%

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Retirement Plans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Components Of Net Periodic Pension Cost (Income)

The components of net periodic pension cost (income) of the UK Plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands): 

	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest cost	$	2,472	$	1,344	$	7,299	$	4,325
Expected return on plan assets	(2,903)		(2,856)		(8,572)		(9,182)
Amortization of unrecognized loss	664		490		1,961		1,574
Net periodic pension cost (income)	$	233	$	(1,022)	$	688	$	(3,283)

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Additional Cash Flow Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash Flow, Supplemental Disclosures

The following table presents additional cash flow information for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):  

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cash paid for:
Interest	$	13,632	$	6,343
Income taxes	$	161,070	$	133,540
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	99,745	$	52,431
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	855	$	1,124

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Segment Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Financial Information by Reportable Segment

The following tables present financial information for each of our reportable segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): 

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Revenues from unrelated entities:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	697,406	$	633,383
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	1,329,600		1,108,655
United States building services	817,718		719,383
United States industrial services	252,148		247,239
Total United States operations	3,096,872		2,708,660
United Kingdom building services	110,726		117,701
Total operations	$	3,207,598	$	2,826,361
Total revenues:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	697,897	$	634,957
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	1,342,149		1,125,162
United States building services	846,400		744,801
United States industrial services	252,244		266,182
Less intersegment revenues	(41,818)		(62,442)
Total United States operations	3,096,872		2,708,660
United Kingdom building services	110,726		117,701
Total operations	$	3,207,598	$	2,826,361

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Revenues from unrelated entities:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	2,020,319	$	1,719,525
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	3,602,271		3,158,948
United States building services	2,318,105		2,041,555
United States industrial services	875,314		842,524
Total United States operations	8,816,009		7,762,552
United Kingdom building services	327,643		363,746
Total operations	$	9,143,652	$	8,126,298
Total revenues:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	2,022,557	$	1,724,400
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	3,650,875		3,187,117
United States building services	2,397,944		2,116,385
United States industrial services	883,808		878,123
Less intersegment revenues	(139,175)		(143,473)
Total United States operations	8,816,009		7,762,552
United Kingdom building services	327,643		363,746
Total operations	$	9,143,652	$	8,126,298

NOTE 14 - Segment Information (Continued)

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Operating income (loss):
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	63,127	$	35,558
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	138,476		90,500
United States building services	57,156		46,041
United States industrial services	(174)		(1,392)
Total United States operations	258,585		170,707
United Kingdom building services	8,869		8,369
Corporate administration	(30,121)		(28,982)
Impairment loss on long-lived assets	(2,350)		—
Total operations	234,983		150,094
Other items:
Net periodic pension (cost) income	(284)		1,025
Interest expense, net	(90)		(3,194)
Income before income taxes	$	234,609	$	147,925

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Operating income (loss):
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	154,365	$	90,646
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	344,550		225,545
United States building services	140,943		108,698
United States industrial services	22,733		18,324
Total United States operations	662,591		443,213
United Kingdom building services	20,220		25,372
Corporate administration	(93,901)		(80,890)
Impairment loss on long-lived assets	(2,350)		—
Total operations	586,560		387,695
Other items:
Net periodic pension (cost) income	(840)		3,288
Interest expense, net	(4,614)		(6,234)
Income before income taxes	$	581,106	$	384,749

NOTE 14 - Segment Information (Continued)

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total assets:
United States electrical construction and facilities services	$	1,173,992	$	1,078,405
United States mechanical construction and facilities services	2,159,947		1,835,001
United States building services	1,415,194		1,206,518
United States industrial services	586,360		552,545
Total United States operations	5,335,493		4,672,469
United Kingdom building services	262,629		255,547
Corporate administration	626,071		596,591
Total operations	$	6,224,193	$	5,524,607

XML

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue From Contract With Customers [Line Items]
Performance obligation satisfied in previous period	$ 10,000,000	$ 0	$ 22,600,000	$ 0
Allowance for credit losses	21,644,000		21,644,000		$ 22,382,000
Increase in contract assets from acquisitions			1,800,000
Increase in contract liabilities from acquisitions			5,000,000
Contract asset impairment			0		$ 0
Remaining performance obligations	8,635,443,000		8,635,443,000
Excluding2023Acquisitions
Revenue From Contract With Customers [Line Items]
Increase in net contract liabilities			352,000,000
Minimum [Member]
Revenue From Contract With Customers [Line Items]
Change in total estimated cost or anticipated contract value			1,000,000
Performance obligation satisfied in previous period			1,000,000
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member]
Revenue From Contract With Customers [Line Items]
Performance obligation satisfied in previous period	4,200,000		4,300,000
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member]
Revenue From Contract With Customers [Line Items]
Performance obligation satisfied in previous period	$ 5,800,000		$ 18,300,000

XML

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Cumulative Catch-Up Adjustment (Details) - UNITED STATES - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cumulative Catch-Up Adjustment [Line Items]
Change in total estimated cost or anticipated contract value	$ 10,568	$ 11,822	$ 28,612	$ 34,903
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member]
Cumulative Catch-Up Adjustment [Line Items]
Change in total estimated cost or anticipated contract value	2,635	10,549	12,219	26,460
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member]
Cumulative Catch-Up Adjustment [Line Items]
Change in total estimated cost or anticipated contract value	7,933	1,273	13,416	8,443
United States Building Services [Member]
Cumulative Catch-Up Adjustment [Line Items]
Change in total estimated cost or anticipated contract value	$ 0	$ 0	$ 2,977	$ 0

XML

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenues (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 3,207,598	$ 2,826,361	$ 9,143,652	$ 8,126,298
UNITED STATES
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		3,096,872	2,708,660	8,816,009	7,762,552
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		697,406	633,383	2,020,319	1,719,525
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		697,766	634,327	2,022,002	1,723,090
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Network and Communications Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 236,454	$ 209,265	$ 665,493	$ 534,130
Percent of total segment revenues		34.00%	33.00%	33.00%	31.00%
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Commercial Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 104,270	$ 106,058	$ 295,188	$ 301,908
Percent of total segment revenues		15.00%	17.00%	15.00%	17.00%
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Manufacturing and Industrial Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 97,788	$ 78,562	$ 278,912	$ 210,331
Percent of total segment revenues		14.00%	12.00%	14.00%	12.00%
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Healthcare Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 62,126	$ 43,911	$ 182,442	$ 119,259
Percent of total segment revenues		9.00%	7.00%	9.00%	7.00%
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | High-Tech Manufacturing Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 33,482	$ 20,132	$ 102,075	$ 62,956
Percent of total segment revenues		5.00%	3.00%	5.00%	4.00%
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Institutional Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 37,916	$ 46,344	$ 112,577	$ 115,799
Percent of total segment revenues		6.00%	7.00%	5.00%	7.00%
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Transportation Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 43,287	$ 40,525	$ 118,436	$ 128,047
Percent of total segment revenues		6.00%	7.00%	6.00%	7.00%
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Water and Wastewater Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 6,327	$ 5,466	$ 18,388	$ 15,962
Percent of total segment revenues		1.00%	1.00%	1.00%	1.00%
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Hospitality and Entertainment Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 16,708	$ 8,598	$ 56,510	$ 19,892
Percent of total segment revenues		2.00%	1.00%	3.00%	1.00%
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Short Duration Projects [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities	[1]	$ 43,481	$ 58,637	$ 141,901	$ 167,553
Percent of total segment revenues		6.00%	9.00%	7.00%	10.00%
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Service Work [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 15,927	$ 16,829	$ 50,080	$ 47,253
Percent of total segment revenues		2.00%	3.00%	2.00%	3.00%
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Intersegment Eliminations [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ (360)	$ (944)	$ (1,683)	$ (3,565)
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		1,329,600	1,108,655	3,602,271	3,158,948
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		1,332,747	1,111,900	3,608,595	3,167,091
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Network and Communications Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 102,630	$ 87,070	$ 289,085	$ 203,347
Percent of total segment revenues		8.00%	8.00%	8.00%	6.00%
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Commercial Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 283,659	$ 271,908	$ 828,809	$ 799,729
Percent of total segment revenues		21.00%	25.00%	23.00%	25.00%
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Manufacturing and Industrial Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 178,123	$ 156,524	$ 485,809	$ 461,385
Percent of total segment revenues		13.00%	14.00%	13.00%	15.00%
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Healthcare Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 123,025	$ 120,185	$ 353,595	$ 367,002
Percent of total segment revenues		9.00%	11.00%	10.00%	12.00%
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | High-Tech Manufacturing Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 255,229	$ 81,970	$ 549,678	$ 211,071
Percent of total segment revenues		19.00%	7.00%	15.00%	7.00%
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Institutional Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 89,215	$ 99,066	$ 224,889	$ 251,715
Percent of total segment revenues		7.00%	9.00%	6.00%	8.00%
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Transportation Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 10,168	$ 15,494	$ 31,615	$ 47,793
Percent of total segment revenues		1.00%	1.00%	1.00%	1.00%
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Water and Wastewater Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 65,219	$ 66,667	$ 201,167	$ 196,157
Percent of total segment revenues		5.00%	6.00%	6.00%	6.00%
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Hospitality and Entertainment Market Sector [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 14,716	$ 9,910	$ 38,324	$ 34,108
Percent of total segment revenues		1.00%	1.00%	1.00%	1.00%
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Short Duration Projects [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities	[1]	$ 81,851	$ 76,073	$ 237,246	$ 254,102
Percent of total segment revenues		6.00%	7.00%	7.00%	8.00%
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Operating Segments [Member] | Service Work [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 128,912	$ 127,033	$ 368,378	$ 340,682
Percent of total segment revenues		10.00%	11.00%	10.00%	11.00%
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Intersegment Eliminations [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ (3,147)	$ (3,245)	$ (6,324)	$ (8,143)
United States Building Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		817,718	719,383	2,318,105	2,041,555
United States Building Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Mechanical Services [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 542,371	$ 471,134	$ 1,519,410	$ 1,300,555
Percent of total segment revenues		66.00%	65.00%	65.00%	64.00%
United States Building Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Commercial Site-Based Services [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 222,499	$ 199,957	$ 639,193	$ 596,589
Percent of total segment revenues		27.00%	28.00%	28.00%	29.00%
United States Building Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Government Site-Based Services [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 52,848	$ 48,292	$ 159,502	$ 144,411
Percent of total segment revenues		7.00%	7.00%	7.00%	7.00%
United States Industrial Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 252,148	$ 247,239	$ 875,314	$ 842,524
United States Industrial Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Field Services [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 214,341	$ 213,866	$ 751,062	$ 732,826
Percent of total segment revenues		85.00%	87.00%	86.00%	87.00%
United States Industrial Services [Member] | UNITED STATES | Shop Services [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 37,807	$ 33,373	$ 124,252	$ 109,698
Percent of total segment revenues		15.00%	13.00%	14.00%	13.00%
United Kingdom Building Services [Member] [Member] | UNITED KINGDOM
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 110,726	$ 117,701	$ 327,643	$ 363,746
United Kingdom Building Services [Member] [Member] | UNITED KINGDOM | Service Work [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 54,286	$ 51,762	$ 157,631	$ 170,840
Percent of total segment revenues		49.00%	44.00%	48.00%	47.00%
United Kingdom Building Services [Member] [Member] | UNITED KINGDOM | Project Work [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities		$ 56,440	$ 65,939	$ 170,012	$ 192,906
Percent of total segment revenues		51.00%	56.00%	52.00%	53.00%

[1] Represents those projects which generally are completed within three months or less.

XML

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Allowance for credit losses	$ 21,644	$ 22,382
Provision for credit losses	5,256
Net amounts written off against the allowance, net of recoveries	$ (5,994)

XML

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Contract with Customer, Asset and Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract assets, current	$ 308,868	$ 273,176
Contract assets, non-current	0	0
Contract liabilities, current	(1,489,324)	(1,098,263)
Contract liabilities, non-current	(2,060)	(2,273)
Net contract liabilities	$ (1,182,516)	$ (827,360)

XML

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Schedule of Remaining Performance Obligations [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 8,635,443
Remaining performance obligations, percent	100.00%
UNITED STATES
Schedule of Remaining Performance Obligations [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 8,481,328
Remaining performance obligations, percent	98.00%
UNITED STATES | United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member]
Schedule of Remaining Performance Obligations [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 2,158,104
Remaining performance obligations, percent	25.00%
UNITED STATES | United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member]
Schedule of Remaining Performance Obligations [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 4,875,551
Remaining performance obligations, percent	56.00%
UNITED STATES | United States Building Services [Member]
Schedule of Remaining Performance Obligations [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 1,313,779
Remaining performance obligations, percent	15.00%
UNITED STATES | United States Industrial Services [Member]
Schedule of Remaining Performance Obligations [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 133,894
Remaining performance obligations, percent	2.00%
UNITED KINGDOM | United Kingdom Building Services [Member] [Member]
Schedule of Remaining Performance Obligations [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 154,115
Remaining performance obligations, percent	2.00%

XML

Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Revenue. Remaining Performance Obligations, Expected Timing of Satisfaction (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 8,635,443
UNITED STATES
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	8,481,328
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	2,158,104
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	4,875,551
United States Building Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	1,313,779
United States Industrial Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	133,894
United Kingdom Building Services [Member] [Member] | UNITED KINGDOM
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 154,115
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-10-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	1 year
Remaining performance obligations	$ 7,172,197
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-10-01 | UNITED STATES
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	1 year
Remaining performance obligations	$ 7,065,072
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-10-01 | United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	1 year
Remaining performance obligations	$ 1,743,345
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-10-01 | United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	1 year
Remaining performance obligations	$ 4,021,465
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-10-01 | United States Building Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	1 year
Remaining performance obligations	$ 1,166,368
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-10-01 | United States Industrial Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	1 year
Remaining performance obligations	$ 133,894
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-10-01 | United Kingdom Building Services [Member] [Member] | UNITED KINGDOM
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	1 year
Remaining performance obligations	$ 107,125
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period
Remaining performance obligations	$ 1,463,246
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-01 | UNITED STATES
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period
Remaining performance obligations	$ 1,416,256
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-01 | United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period
Remaining performance obligations	$ 414,759
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-01 | United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period
Remaining performance obligations	$ 854,086
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-01 | United States Building Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period
Remaining performance obligations	$ 147,411
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-01 | United States Industrial Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period
Remaining performance obligations	$ 0
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-01 | United Kingdom Building Services [Member] [Member] | UNITED KINGDOM
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period
Remaining performance obligations	$ 46,990

XML

Acquisitions Of Businesses (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) Company	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) Company
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of businesses acquired | Company	7	6
Goodwill	$ 953,359	$ 919,151
2022Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price		100,800
Working capital acquired		7,100
Other net liabilities		1,100
Goodwill		28,900
Identifiable intangible assets		$ 65,900
2023Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price	92,800
Working capital acquired	9,100
Other net liabilities	6,700
Goodwill	34,200
Identifiable intangible assets	56,200
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, tax deductible amount	$ 23,200

XML

Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Numerator
Net income attributable to EMCOR Group, Inc. (in US dollars)	$ 169,409	$ 105,772	$ 421,477	$ 279,822
Denominator
Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute basic earnings per common share (in shares)	47,173,974	48,867,420	47,446,298	50,676,365
Effect of dilutive securities-Share-based awards (in shares)	224,223	182,731	196,465	197,010
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per common share (in shares)	47,398,197	49,050,151	47,642,763	50,873,375
Basic earnings per common share (in US dollars per share)	$ 3.59	$ 2.16	$ 8.88	$ 5.52
Diluted earnings per common share (in US dollars per share)	$ 3.57	$ 2.16	$ 8.85	$ 5.50
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive share-based awards excluded from calculation of diluted earnings per share (in shares)	400	850	800	1,350

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Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials and construction materials	$ 93,750	$ 74,014
Work in process	21,716	11,627
Inventories	$ 115,466	$ 85,641

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Debt (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)			9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 28, 2023	Mar. 02, 2020	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Letters of credit outstanding (in US dollars)			$ 123,700,000	$ 71,300,000
Interest rate description			At the Company’s election, borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement bear interest at either: (1) a base rate plus a margin of 0.00% to 0.75%, based on certain financial tests, or (2) a rate equal to the secured overnight financing rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for the applicable tenor plus 0.10% (“Adjusted Term SOFR”) (5.42% at September 30, 2023) plus a margin of 1.00% to 1.75%, based on certain financial tests. The base rate is determined by the greater of: (a) the prime commercial lending rate announced by Bank of Montreal from time to time (8.50% at September 30, 2023), (b) the federal funds effective rate, plus 1/2 of 1.00%, (c) Adjusted Term SOFR for a one-month tenor, plus 1.00%, or (d) 0.00%. The interest rates in effect at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were 6.42% and 5.73%, respectively. A commitment fee is payable on the average daily unused amount of the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility, which ranges from 0.10% to 0.25%, based on certain financial tests. The fee was 0.10% of the unused amount as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Fees for letters of credit issued under the 2020 Revolving Credit Facility range from 0.75% to 1.75% of the respective face amounts of outstanding letters of credit, depending on the nature of the letter of credit, and are computed based on certain financial tests.
Original 2020 Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit agreement, initiation date		Mar. 02, 2020
Expiration date of credit agreement			Mar. 02, 2025
2020 Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt issuance costs		$ 3,100,000
2020 Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Borrowings under revolving credit facility (in US dollars)			$ 0	0
2020 Term Loan
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Term Loan (in US dollars)		300,000,000	$ 100,000,000	$ 242,813,000
Interest rate			6.42%	5.73%
Term loan, principal payments (in US dollars)			$ 142,800,000
2020 Term Loan | Subsequent Event
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Term loan, principal payments (in US dollars)					$ 5,000,000	$ 5,000,000
First Amendment
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Date of first amendment to credit agreement	Apr. 28, 2023
Base Rate [Member] | Minimum [Member] | 2020 Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate			0.00%
Base Rate [Member] | Maximum [Member] | 2020 Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate			0.75%
SOFR [Member] | 2020 Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate			0.10%
Adjusted Term SOFR [Member] | 2020 Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Commercial lending rate			5.42%
Adjusted Term SOFR [Member] | Minimum [Member] | 2020 Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate			1.00%
Adjusted Term SOFR [Member] | Maximum [Member] | 2020 Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate			1.75%
Prime Rate, Bank of Montreal [Member] | 2020 Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Commercial lending rate			8.50%
Credit Agreement Base Rate, Adjusted Term SOFR One Month Tenor Rate [Member] | 2020 Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate			1.00%
Credit Agreement, 0% Base Rate [Member] | 2020 Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate			0.00%
Credit Agreement Base Rate, Federal Funds Rate [Member] | 2020 Credit Agreement
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate			0.50%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | 2020 Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit facility maximum borrowing capacity (in US dollars)		$ 1,300,000,000
Increase in borrowing capacity (in US dollars)			$ 1,900,000,000
Letters of credit maximum borrowing capacity (in US dollars)			$ 400,000,000
Commitment fee percentage of unused amount			0.10%	0.10%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Minimum [Member] | 2020 Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Commitment fee percentage of unused amount			0.10%
Letter of credit fees			0.75%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Maximum [Member] | 2020 Revolving Credit Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Commitment fee percentage of unused amount			0.25%
Letter of credit fees			1.75%

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Debt (Schedule Of Debt) (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 02, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unamortized debt issuance costs	$ (1,360,000)	$ (2,080,000)
Finance lease liabilities	5,322,000	6,459,000
Total debt	103,962,000	247,192,000
Less: current maturities	6,482,000	15,567,000
Total long-term debt	97,480,000	231,625,000
2020 Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Term loan	$ 100,000,000	$ 242,813,000	$ 300,000,000

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Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Impairment loss on long-lived assets	$ 2,350	$ 0	$ 2,350	$ 0
Fair value of certain long-lived assets after impairment	$ 2,000		$ 2,000

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Fair Value Measurements (Schedule Of Assets And Liabilities Carried At Fair Value Measured On A Recurring Basis) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Restricted cash			$ 600	$ 1,100	$ 1,200
Fair Value, Recurring [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	[1]	$ 523,632	456,439
Deferred compensation plan assets	[2]	43,004	36,882
Restricted cash	[3]		629
Total		566,636	493,950
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	[1]	523,632	456,439
Deferred compensation plan assets	[2]	43,004	36,882
Restricted cash	[3]		629
Total		566,636	493,950
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	[1]	0	0
Deferred compensation plan assets	[2]	0	0
Restricted cash	[3]		0
Total		0	0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	[1]	0	0
Deferred compensation plan assets	[2]	0	0
Restricted cash	[3]		0
Total		0	0
Money Market Funds [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 361,900	$ 209,400

[1] Cash and cash equivalents consist of deposit accounts and money market funds with original maturity dates of three months or less, which are Level 1 assets. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had $361.9 million and $209.4 million, respectively, in money market funds. From time to time, we have cash balances in certain of our domestic bank accounts that exceed federally insured limits.

[2] Deferred compensation plan assets are classified as “Other assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

[3] Restricted cash is classified as “Prepaid expenses and other” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Restricted cash primarily represents cash held in account for use on customer contracts.

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Federal income tax rate, percent	21.00%
Unrecognized income tax benefits	$ 0.0	$ 0.0

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- Schedule of Income Tax Provision (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax provision	$ 64,863	$ 42,153	$ 159,292	$ 104,927
Income tax rate	27.70%	28.50%	27.40%	27.30%

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Common Stock (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		144 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, outstanding	47,141,954		47,141,954		47,141,954	47,666,725
Common stock, issued	11,838	19,573	126,492	191,330
Common stock, dividend, per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.18
Stock repurchase, authorized amount (in US dollars)	$ 2,150,000,000		$ 2,150,000,000		$ 2,150,000,000
Number of shares repurchased			700,000		25,700,000
Stock repurchased (in US dollars)		$ 206,292,000	$ 106,139,000	$ 660,609,000	$ 1,870,000,000
Remaining authorized repurchase amount (in US dollars)	$ 283,700,000		$ 283,700,000		$ 283,700,000

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Retirement Plans (Narrative) (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023 plan
United States Subsidiaries
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of plans	3

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Retirement Plans (Components Of Net Periodic Pension Benefit Cost (Income)) (Details) - United Kingdom Subsidiary [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Interest cost	$ 2,472	$ 1,344	$ 7,299	$ 4,325
Expected return on plan assets	(2,903)	(2,856)	(8,572)	(9,182)
Amortization of unrecognized loss	664	490	1,961	1,574
Net periodic pension cost (income)	$ 233	$ (1,022)	$ 688	$ (3,283)

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Commitments and Contingencies Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Surety Bond
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate estimated exposure, contracts with surety bonds	$ 2,000.0
Estimated exposure, contracts with surety bonds, RPO percentage	23.00%
Surety bonds for insurance	$ 48.1
Other accrued expenses and liabilities
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Insurance liabilities, current	52.4	$ 54.8
Other long-term obligations
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Insurance liabilities, noncurrent	225.4	221.7
Prepaid expenses and other
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Anticipated insurance recoveries, current	13.2	16.0
Other assets
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Anticipated insurance recoveries, noncurrent	$ 50.6	$ 59.0

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Additional Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash paid for:
Interest	$ 13,632	$ 6,343
Income taxes	161,070	133,540
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	99,745	52,431
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$ 855	$ 1,124

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Segment Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) Company	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of operating subsidiaries | Company			100
Revenues from unrelated entities	$ 3,207,598	$ 2,826,361	$ 9,143,652	$ 8,126,298
Total revenues	3,207,598	2,826,361	9,143,652	8,126,298
Total assets	6,224,193		6,224,193		$ 5,524,607
Net periodic pension (cost) income	(284)	1,025	(840)	3,288
Interest expense, net	(90)	(3,194)	(4,614)	(6,234)
Operating income (loss)	234,983	150,094	586,560	387,695
Impairment loss on long-lived assets	(2,350)	0	(2,350)	0
Income before income taxes	234,609	147,925	581,106	384,749
UNITED STATES
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities	3,096,872	2,708,660	8,816,009	7,762,552
Total revenues	3,096,872	2,708,660	8,816,009	7,762,552
Total assets	5,335,493		5,335,493		4,672,469
Operating income (loss)	258,585	170,707	662,591	443,213
United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities	697,406	633,383	2,020,319	1,719,525
United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities	1,329,600	1,108,655	3,602,271	3,158,948
United States Building Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities	817,718	719,383	2,318,105	2,041,555
United States Industrial Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities	252,148	247,239	875,314	842,524
United Kingdom Building Services [Member] [Member] | UNITED KINGDOM
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities	110,726	117,701	327,643	363,746
Operating Segments [Member] | United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities	697,766	634,327	2,022,002	1,723,090
Total revenues	697,897	634,957	2,022,557	1,724,400
Total assets	1,173,992		1,173,992		1,078,405
Operating income (loss)	63,127	35,558	154,365	90,646
Operating Segments [Member] | United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities	1,332,747	1,111,900	3,608,595	3,167,091
Total revenues	1,342,149	1,125,162	3,650,875	3,187,117
Total assets	2,159,947		2,159,947		1,835,001
Operating income (loss)	138,476	90,500	344,550	225,545
Operating Segments [Member] | United States Building Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	846,400	744,801	2,397,944	2,116,385
Total assets	1,415,194		1,415,194		1,206,518
Operating income (loss)	57,156	46,041	140,943	108,698
Operating Segments [Member] | United States Industrial Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	252,244	266,182	883,808	878,123
Total assets	586,360		586,360		552,545
Operating income (loss)	(174)	(1,392)	22,733	18,324
Operating Segments [Member] | United Kingdom Building Services [Member] [Member] | UNITED KINGDOM
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	110,726	117,701	327,643	363,746
Total assets	262,629		262,629		255,547
Operating income (loss)	8,869	8,369	20,220	25,372
Corporate, Non-Segment [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total assets	626,071		626,071		$ 596,591
Operating income (loss)	(30,121)	(28,982)	(93,901)	(80,890)
Intersegment Eliminations [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	(41,818)	(62,442)	(139,175)	(143,473)
Intersegment Eliminations [Member] | United States Electrical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities	(360)	(944)	(1,683)	(3,565)
Intersegment Eliminations [Member] | United States Mechanical Construction And Facilities Services [Member] | UNITED STATES
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues from unrelated entities	$ (3,147)	$ (3,245)	$ (6,324)	$ (8,143)