Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company utilizes a mid-market pricing convention for valuing the majority of its assets and liabilities measured and reported at fair value. The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated or generally unobservable. The Company primarily applies the market approach for recurring fair value measurements and endeavors to utilize the best available information. Accordingly, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Company is able to classify fair value balances based on the observability of those inputs. The Company gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy Levels. In 2023, the Company evaluated the fair value hierarchy levels assigned to its assets and liabilities, and concluded that there should be no transfers into or out of Levels 1, 2 and 3.

The following table presents the carrying amount and fair values of the Company’s assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis:


	December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
(in millions)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Assets
Derivatives (Level 1 measurement):
Other current and non-current assets:
Emissions Trading Scheme credits	$	4.8	$	4.8	$	2.7	$	2.7
Liabilities
Derivatives (Level 1 measurement):
Other current liabilities:
Foreign currency forward exchange contracts		1.0		1.0		0.5		0.5
Non-financial liabilities (Level 3 measurement):
Acquisition-related contingent consideration		23.4		23.4		—		—

Emissions Trading Scheme credits: The fair value is determined by the open market pricing at the end of the reporting period.

Derivatives: The fair value of derivatives relating to foreign currency forward exchange contracts and interest rate swaps are derived from current settlement prices and comparable contracts using current

assumptions. Foreign currency forward exchange contracts primarily relate to contracts entered into to hedge future known transactions or hedge balance sheet net cash positions. The movements in the carrying amounts and fair values of these contracts are largely due to changes in exchange rates against the U.S. dollar.

Acquisition-related contingent consideration: Contingent consideration payable in cash is discounted to its fair value at each balance sheet date. Where contingent consideration is dependent upon pre-determined financial targets, an estimate of the fair value of the likely consideration payable is made at each balance sheet date. The contingent consideration payable at December 31, 2023 has been calculated based on the latest forecast.