<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0303</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2010-06-22</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>0</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001054833</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>COVENTRY HEALTH CARE INC</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>CVH</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001231554</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>RUHLMANN JOHN J</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>6705 ROCKELDGE DRIVE</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>SUITE 900</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>BETHESDA</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MD</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>20817</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle>Sr. VP and Corp. Controller</officerTitle>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock Restricted</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2010-06-22</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>F</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
                <footnoteId id="F1"/>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>1795</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>19.73</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>170591</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F3"/>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock Restricted</value>
                <footnoteId id="F4"/>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2010-06-23</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>S</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>3205</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>19.39</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>167386</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F5"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F6"/>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">Sale of securities back to the Company to satisfy tax withholding on lapse of restrictions on one-fourth increment of Restricted Stock Award.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">Includes the following:  Table I-Non-Derivative Securities comprised of 476 shares of common stock held directly, 3,658 shares of common stock held indirectly by managed account (401(k) Plan), and 33,207 shares of restricted common stock with restrictions lapsed or lapsing over four-year periods, held directly; and Table II-Derivative Securities consisting of non-qualified stock options for 133,250 shares of common stock vesting in equal annual increments over three- and four-year periods, held directly.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F3">See Footnote 2 for shares held directly and indirectly.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F4">Restrictions have been released on the shares sold.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F5">Includes the following:  Table I-Non-Derivative Securities comprised of 476 shares of common stock held directly, 3,658 shares of common stock held indirectly by managed account (401(k) Plan), and 30,002 shares of restricted common stock with restrictions lapsed or lapsing over four-year periods, held directly; and Table II-Derivative Securities consisting of non-qualified stock options for 133,250 shares of common stock vesting in equal annual increments over three- and four-year periods, held directly.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F6">See Footnote 5 for shares held directly and indirectly.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>John J. Ruhlmann</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2010-06-23</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
