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Note 3 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
3.
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
The Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in the Company's Form
10
-K for the year ended
December 
31,
2017,
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
April 2, 2018
have
not
materially changed, except as set forth below.
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information as found in the Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), and with the instructions to Form
10
-Q and Article
10
of Regulation S-
X
of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include all normal and recurring adjustments (which consist primarily of accruals, estimates and assumptions that impact the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements) considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of 
June 
30,
2018,
its results of operations for the
three
and
six
months ended
June 
30,
2018
and
2017
and cash flows for the
six
months ended
June 
30,
2018
and
2017.
Operating results for the
six
months ended 
June 
30,
2018
are
not
necessarily indicative of the results that
may
be expected for the year ending
December 
31,
2018.
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein do
not
contain the required disclosures under GAAP for annual financial statements. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual audited financial statements and related notes as of and for the year ended
December 
31,
2017
filed with the SEC on Form
10
-K on
April 2, 2018.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of assets and liabilities at the date the financial statements and reported amounts of expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Due to the uncertainty of factors surrounding the estimates or judgments used in the preparation of the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, actual results
may
materially vary from these estimates. Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed and the effects of revisions are reflected in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in the period they are deemed necessary.
 
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of those instruments. As of
December 
31,
2017,
the fair value of the Company’s outstanding Series B convertible debt was approximately
$0.6
million. The fair value of the convertible debt was determined using a binomial lattice model that utilizes certain unobservable inputs that fall within Level
3
of the fair value hierarchy.
 
Convertible Debt
 
Upon maturity of the Series B convertible debt during the
second
quarter of
2018,
the Company repaid the outstanding principal and interest of approximately
$0.6
million and
$40,000,
respectively. As such, the Company does
not
have any debt outstanding as of
June 30, 2018.
 
Intangible Asset and Goodwill
 
The Company has an intangible asset, RES-
529,
with a carrying value of
$8.6
million and goodwill, with a carrying value of
$6.9
million at both
June 30, 2018
and
December 31, 2017.
RES-
529
and goodwill are assessed for impairment on
October 1
of the Company’s fiscal year or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. The Company has a single reporting unit and all goodwill relates to that reporting unit. There were
no
impairment indicators or impairments to RES-
529
or goodwill during the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30, 2018
and
2017.
 
Income Taxes
 
On
December 22, 2017
the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("The
2017
Tax Act"), which resulted in significant changes from previous tax law. Among other things, the
2017
Tax Act reduced the federal corporate income tax rate to
21%
from
34%
effective
January 1, 2018
and also changed the net operating loss carryforwards’ period to now have an indefinite life for all net operating losses generated in
2018
and into the future. As a result of the change in net operating loss carryforward period, during the
six
months ended
June 30, 2018,
the Company recognized an income tax benefit of
$0.3
million to reflect indefinite deferred tax liabilities as a source of income against indefinite lived portions of the Company’s deferred tax assets.
 
Net (Loss) Income Per Common Share
 
For the
three
months ended
June 30, 2017,
the Company used the
two
-class method to compute net income per common share because the Company had issued securities (Series A convertible preferred stock) that entitle the holder to participate in dividends and earnings of the Company. Under this method, net income is reduced by any dividends earned during the period. The remaining earnings (undistributed earnings) were allocated to common stock and the Series A convertible preferred stock to the extent that the Series A convertible preferred stock was entitled to share in earnings as if all of the earnings for the period had been distributed. The total earnings allocated to common stock is then divided by the number of outstanding shares to which the earnings are allocated to determine the earnings per share. The
two
-class method is
not
applicable during periods with a net loss, as the holders of the convertible preferred stock would have
no
obligation to fund losses.
 
Diluted net (loss) income per common share is computed under the
two
-class method by using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding, plus, for periods with net income attributable to common stockholders, the potential dilutive effects of stock options, unvested restricted stock, warrants, and convertible debt. In addition, the Company analyzed the potential dilutive effect of the previously outstanding convertible preferred stock under the “if-converted” method when calculating diluted earnings per share, in which it was assumed that the previously outstanding convertible preferred stock converted into common stock at the beginning of the period or when issued, if later. The Company reports the more dilutive of the approaches (
two
class or “if-converted”) as its diluted net (loss) income per share during the period.
 
For the periods in which the Company reported a net loss, there was
no
dilutive effect under either the
two
-class or “if-converted” method. For the
three
months ended
June 30, 2017,
the Company presented diluted net income per common share using the
two
-class method, which was more dilutive than the “if-converted” method.
 
For purposes of calculating diluted loss per common share, the denominator includes both the weighted average common shares outstanding and the number of common stock equivalents if the inclusion of such common stock equivalents would be dilutive. Dilutive common stock equivalents potentially include stock options, unvested restricted stock awards and warrants using the treasury stock method. The diluted loss per common share calculation is further affected by an add-back of change in fair value of warrant liability to the numerator under the assumption that the change in fair value of warrant liability would
not
have been incurred if the warrants had been converted into common stock. In addition, the Company considers the potential dilutive impact of its convertible debt instruments using the "if-converted" method.
 
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:
 
   
Three Months Ended June 30,
   
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
   
2018
   
2017
   
2018
   
2017
 
Basic net (loss) income per common share calculation:
                               
Net (loss) income
  $
(2,765,181
)
  $
20,387,741
    $
(6,079,142
)
  $
(8,251,037
)
Accretion of Series A cumulative preferred dividends
   
     
(487,460
)
   
(85,993
)
   
(546,305
)
Undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities
   
     
(10,416,153
)
   
 
     
 
 
Deemed dividend related to the make-whole provision for the conversion of Series A preferred stock into common
   
     
     
(8,167,895
)
   
 
Net (loss) income attributable to common
   
(2,765,181
)
   
9,484,128
     
(14,333,030
)
   
(8,797,342
)
                                 
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic
   
50,546,021
     
10,828,063
     
46,357,478
     
10,582,521
 
Net (loss) income per share of common, basic
  $
(0.05
)
  $
0.88
    $
(0.31
)
  $
(0.83
)
                                 
Diluted net income (loss) per common share calculation:
                               
Net income (loss) attributable to common
   
(2,765,181
)
   
9,484,128
     
(14,333,030
)
   
(8,797,342
)
Add change in fair value of warrant liability
   
     
(23,387,850
)
   
     
(10,468,176
)
Diluted net loss
   
(2,765,181
)
   
(13,903,722
)
   
(14,333,030
)
   
(19,265,518
)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic
   
50,546,021
     
10,828,063
     
46,357,478
     
10,582,521
 
Add shares from dilutive warrants
   
     
3,044,569
     
     
1,756,865
 
Common stock equivalents
   
50,546,021
     
13,872,632
     
46,357,478
     
12,339,386
 
Diluted net loss per share of common
  $
(0.05
)
  $
(1.00
)
  $
(0.31
)
  $
(1.56
)
 
 
The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding as of
June 
30,
2018
and
2017
have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding, as they would be anti-dilutive:
 
   
June 30,
 
   
2018
   
2017
 
Convertible debt
   
     
774,886
 
Convertible preferred stock
   
     
10,449,338
 
Common stock warrants
   
31,312,512
     
457,721
 
Stock options
   
3,213,797
     
2,525,989
 
Unvested restricted stock awards
   
     
6,132
 
     
34,526,309
     
14,214,066
 
 
Amounts in the table reflect the common stock equivalents of the noted instruments.
 
As a result of the offering of our common stock consummated in
January 2018,
all outstanding shares of the Company's Series A convertible preferred stock converted into shares common stock. See Note
5.
 
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In
June 
2018,
the FASB issued ASU
2018
-
07,
Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Accounting,
which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments granted to nonemployees for goods and services. The ASU supersedes ASC
505
-
50
and expands the scope of ASC
718
to include
all
share-based payment arrangements related to the acquisition of goods and services from both nonemployees and employees. As a result, most of the guidance in ASC
718
associated with employee share-based payments, including most of its requirements related to classification and measurement, applies to nonemployee share-based payment arrangements.  ASU
2018
-
07
generally requires an entity to use a modified retrospective transition approach, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption, for all (
1
) liability-classified nonemployee awards that have
not
been settled as of the adoption date and (
2
) equity-classified nonemployee awards for which a measurement date has
not
been established. The guidance is applicable to public business entities for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2019
and interim periods within those years. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows and related disclosures.
 
In
July 
2017,
the FASB issued ASU
2017
-
11,
Earnings Per Share (Topic
260
); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic
480
); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic
815
): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features, (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception.
The
first
part of this update addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features and the
second
part addresses the complexity of distinguishing liabilities from equity. The guidance is applicable to public business entities for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2018
and interim periods within those years. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows and related disclosures.
 
In
January 2017,
the FASB issued ASU
2017
-
04,
Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic
350
)
which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairments by eliminating step
2
from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 
15,
2019,
including interim periods within such fiscal years. Early adoption is allowed for all entities as of
January 1, 2017,
for annual and any interim impairment tests occurring on or after
January 1, 2017.
The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows and related disclosures.
 
In
February 2016,
the FASB issued ASU
2016
-
02,
Leases (Topic
842
)
. The FASB issued the update to require the recognition of lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet of lessees. The standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 
15,
2018,
including interim periods within such fiscal years. The ASU requires a modified retrospective transition method with the option to elect a package of practical expedients. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard on its consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows and related disclosures.