Franchise rights acquired are due to acquisitions of the Company’s franchised territories as well as the acquisition of franchise promotion agreements and other factors associated with the acquired franchise territories. For the six months ended July 3, 2021, the change in the carrying value of franchise rights acquired was due to the franchisee acquisitions as described in Note 5 and the effect of exchange rate changes.

Goodwill primarily relates to the acquisition of the Company by The Kraft Heinz Company (successor to H.J. Heinz Company) in 1978, and the Company’s acquisitions of WW.com, Inc. (formerly known as WeightWatchers.com, Inc.) in 2005 and the Company’s franchised territories. For the six months ended July 3, 2021, the change in the carrying amount of goodwill was due to the effect of exchange rate changes as follows:

	North		Continental			United
	America		Europe			Kingdom		Other			Total
Balance as of January 2, 2021	$	145,071	$	7,792		$	1,268	$	1,486		$	155,617
Effect of exchange rate changes		1,383		(230	)		15		(31	)		1,137
Balance as of July 3, 2021	$	146,454	$	7,562		$	1,283	$	1,455		$	156,754

Finite-lived franchise rights acquired are amortized over the remaining contractual period, which is generally less than one year. Indefinite-lived franchise rights acquired are tested on an annual basis for impairment.

In performing the impairment analysis for indefinite-lived franchise rights acquired, the fair value for franchise rights acquired is estimated using a discounted cash flow approach referred to as the hypothetical start-up approach for franchise rights related to the Company’s Workshops + Digital business and a relief from royalty methodology for franchise rights related to the Company’s Digital business. The aggregate estimated fair value for these rights is then compared to the carrying value of the unit of account for those franchise rights. The Company has determined the appropriate unit of account for purposes of assessing impairment to be the combination of the rights in both the Workshops + Digital business and the Digital business in the country in which the applicable acquisition occurred. The net book values of these franchise rights in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand as of the July 3, 2021 balance sheet date were $698,383, $61,644, $12,459, $6,766 and $4,976, respectively.

In its hypothetical start-up approach analysis for fiscal 2021, the Company assumed that the year of maturity was reached after 7 years. Subsequent to the year of maturity, the Company estimated future cash flows for the Workshops + Digital business in each country based on assumptions regarding revenue growth and operating income margins. The cash flows associated with the Digital business in each country were based on the expected Digital revenue for such country and the application of a royalty rate based on current market terms. The cash flows for the Workshops + Digital and the Digital businesses were discounted utilizing rates which were calculated using the weighted-average cost of capital, which included the cost of equity and the cost of debt.

In performing the impairment analysis for goodwill, the fair value for the Company’s reporting units is estimated using a discounted cash flow approach. This approach involves projecting future cash flows attributable to the reporting unit and discounting those estimated cash flows using an appropriate discount rate. The estimated fair value is then compared to the carrying value of the reporting unit. The Company has determined the appropriate reporting unit for purposes of assessing annual impairment to be the country for all reporting units. The net book values of goodwill in the United States, Canada and other countries as of the July 3, 2021 balance sheet date were $102,968, $43,486 and $10,300, respectively.

For all of the Company’s reporting units tested as of May 9, 2021, the Company estimated future cash flows by utilizing the historical debt-free cash flows (cash flows provided by operations less capital expenditures) attributable to that country and then applied expected future operating income growth rates for such country. The Company utilized operating income as the basis for measuring its potential growth because it believes it is the best indicator of the performance of its business. The Company then discounted the estimated future cash flows utilizing a discount rate which was calculated using the weighted-average cost of capital, which included the cost of equity and the cost of debt.

The Company reviews indefinite-lived intangible assets, including franchise rights acquired with indefinite lives, and goodwill for potential impairment on at least an annual basis or more often if events so require. The Company performed fair value impairment testing as of May 9, 2021 and May 3, 2020, each the first day of fiscal May, on its indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill.

In performing its annual impairment analysis as of May 9, 2021 and May 3, 2020, the Company determined that the carrying amounts of its franchise rights acquired with indefinite lives units of account and goodwill reporting units did not exceed their respective fair values and, therefore, no impairment existed.

When determining fair value, the Company utilizes various assumptions, including projections of future cash flows, growth rates and discount rates. A change in these underlying assumptions could cause a change in the results of the impairment assessments and, as such, could cause fair value to be less than the carrying amounts and result in an impairment of those assets. In the event such a result occurred, the Company would be required to record a corresponding charge, which would impact earnings. The Company would also be required to reduce the carrying amounts of the related assets on its balance sheet.

Based on the results of the Company’s May 9, 2021 annual franchise rights acquired impairment analysis performed for all of its units of account as of the July 3, 2021 balance sheet date, all units, except for New Zealand, had an estimated fair value at least 45% higher than the respective unit’s carrying amount. Collectively, these units of account represent 99.4% of the Company’s total franchise rights acquired. Based on the results of the Company’s annual franchise rights acquired impairment test performed for its New Zealand unit of account, which holds 0.6% of the Company’s franchise rights acquired as of the July 3, 2021 balance sheet date, the estimated fair value of this unit of account exceeded its carrying value by approximately 10%. Accordingly, a change in the underlying assumptions for New Zealand may change the results of the impairment assessment and, as such, could result in an impairment of the franchise rights acquired related to New Zealand, for which the net book value was $4,976 as of July 3, 2021.

Based on the results of the Company’s May 9, 2021 annual goodwill impairment test performed for all of its reporting units as of the July 3, 2021 balance sheet date, there was significant headroom in the goodwill impairment analysis for those units, with the difference between the carrying value and the fair value exceeding 100%.

With respect to its Brazil reporting unit, during the first quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company made a strategic decision to shift to an exclusively Digital business in that country. The Company determined that this decision, together with the negative impact of COVID-19, the ongoing challenging economic environment in Brazil and its reduced expectations regarding the reporting unit’s future operating cash flows, required the Company to perform an interim goodwill impairment analysis. In performing this discounted cash flow analysis, the Company determined that the carrying amount of this reporting unit exceeded its fair value and as a result recorded an impairment charge of $3,665, which comprised the remaining balance of goodwill for this reporting unit.

As it related to its goodwill impairment analysis for Brazil, the Company estimated future debt-free cash flows in contemplation of its growth strategies for that market. In developing these projections, the Company considered the growth strategies under the current market conditions in Brazil. The Company then discounted the estimated future cash flows utilizing a discount rate which was calculated using the weighted-average cost of capital, which included the cost of equity and the cost of debt.

The carrying values of finite-lived intangible assets as of July 3, 2021 and January 2, 2021 were as follows:

	July 3, 2021				January 2, 2021
	Gross				Gross
	Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying		Accumulated
	Amount		Amortization		Amount		Amortization
Capitalized software costs	$	136,493	$	115,155	$	131,420	$	109,170
Website development costs		105,474		76,288		95,718		67,656
Trademarks		12,044		11,567		11,999		11,457
Other		14,065		5,466		14,093		5,238
Trademarks and other intangible assets	$	268,076	$	208,476	$	253,230	$	193,521
Franchise rights acquired		7,949		4,705		7,925		4,575
Total finite-lived intangible assets	$	276,025	$	213,181	$	261,155	$	198,096

Aggregate amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was recorded in the amounts of $8,035 and $16,033 for the three and six months ended July 3, 2021, respectively. Aggregate amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was recorded in the amounts of $7,386 and $14,551 for the three and six months ended June 27, 2020, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense of existing finite-lived intangible assets for the next five fiscal years and thereafter is as follows: