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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2017

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

The financial information at March 31, 2017 is unaudited, but includes all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial information set forth herein, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, such information does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

The results for the three months ended March 31, 2017 may not be indicative of results for the year ending December 31, 2017 or any future periods.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the accompanying financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

The Company generally recognizes product revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is probable. In instances where the final acceptance of the product is specified by the customer, revenue is deferred until all acceptance criteria have been met. No provisions were established for estimated product returns and allowances based on the Company’s historical experience.

Accounting for Derivative Instruments

All derivatives have been recorded on the balance sheet at fair value based on the lattice model calculation. These derivatives, including embedded derivatives in the Company’s warrants and convertible preferred stock which have reset provisions to the exercise price and conversion price if the Company issues equity or other derivatives at a price less than the exercise price set forth in such warrants and convertible preferred stock, are separately valued and accounted for on the Company’s balance sheet. Fair values for exchange traded securities and derivatives are based on quoted market prices. Where market prices are not readily available, fair values are determined using market based pricing models incorporating readily observable market data and requiring judgment and estimates.

Lattice Valuation Model

The Company valued the warrants and the conversion features in its formerly outstanding convertible notes and preferred stock using a lattice valuation model, with the assistance of a valuation consultant. The lattice model values these instruments based on a probability weighted discounted cash flow model. The Company uses the model to develop a set of potential scenarios. Probabilities of each scenario occurring during the remaining term of the instruments are determined based on management’s projections and the expert’s calculations. These probabilities are used to create a cash flow projection over the term of the instruments and determine the probability that the projected cash flow will be achieved. A discounted weighted average cash flow for each scenario is then calculated and compared to the discounted cash flow of the instruments without the compound embedded derivative in order to determine a value for the compound embedded derivative.

Cash and cash equivalents

For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. There was $15,856 in cash at March 31, 2017 and $20,773 at December 31, 2016.

Fair value of financial instruments

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The estimated fair value of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their carrying amounts due to the short-term nature of these instruments. None of these instruments are held for trading purposes.

The Company has utilized various types of financing to fund its business needs, including convertible debt and convertible preferred stock with warrants attached. The Company reviews its warrants and any conversion features of securities issued as to whether they are freestanding or contain an embedded derivative and, if so, whether they are classified as a liability at each reporting period until the amount is settled and reclassified into equity with changes in fair value recognized in current earnings.

Inputs used in the valuation to derive fair value are classified based on a fair value hierarchy which distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and an entity’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). The hierarchy consists of three levels:

	●	Level one — Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
	●	Level two — Inputs other than level one inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable; and
	●	Level three — Unobservable inputs developed using estimates and assumptions, which are developed by the reporting entity and reflect those assumptions that a market participant would use

Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires significant judgment. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each quarter. The Company’s only asset or liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis is its derivative liability associated with warrants and convertible preferred stock to purchase common stock. The Company classifies the fair value of these warrants under level three. The fair value of the derivative liability at March 31, 2017 was $371,421 compared to $131,043 as of December 31, 2016. The increase in fair value for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was $240,378 compared to an increase of $102,776 for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Below is a hierarchy table of the components of the derivative liability:

	Carrying		Fair Value Measurements Using
	Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total

Derivative Liabilities 12/31/2016	$	131,043					$	131,043	$	131,043

Change in derivative liabilities due to:
Change in derivative liabilities valuation	$	240,378		-		-		240,378	$	240,378
		240,378				-		240,378		240,378

Derivative Liabilities 03/31/2017	$	371,421	$	-			$	371,421	$	371,421

Concentrations

Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with several financial institutions. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and therefore bear minimal risk.

Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market, using the first-in, first-out method. The Company follows standard costing methods for manufactured products.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is calculated on the accelerated and straight-line methods over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Estimated useful lives of five to ten years are used for machinery and equipment, office equipment and furniture, and automobile. Estimated useful lives of up to five years are used for computer equipment and related software. Depreciation and amortization of leasehold improvements are computed using the term of the lease.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets were carried at the purchased cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization was computed over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally from fifteen to twenty years.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of an impairment loss for long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets that management expects to hold and use is based on the fair value of the asset. Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. At March 31, 2017, the net book value of long-lived assets was less than the carrying amount of senior debt and no impairment was recorded.

Income Taxes

The amount of current and deferred taxes payable or refundable is recognized as of the date of the financial statements, utilizing currently enacted tax laws and rates. Deferred tax expenses or benefits are recognized in the financial statements for the changes in deferred tax liabilities or assets between years.

Income (Loss) Per Common Share

Basic net income (loss) per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding and, when diluted, potential shares from options and warrants to purchase common stock using the treasury stock method.

Cashless Exercise of Warrants/Options

The Company has issued warrants to purchase common stock where the holder is entitled to exercise the warrant via a cashless exercise, when the exercise price is less than the fair value of the common stock. The Company accounts for the issuance of common stock on the cashless exercise of warrants on a net basis.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company estimates the fair value of share-based payment awards made to employees, directors and related parties, including stock options, restricted stock, employee stock purchases related to employee stock purchase plans and warrants, on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense ratably over the requisite service periods. The Company estimates the fair value of each share-based award using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes model is highly complex and dependent on key estimates by management. The estimates with the greatest degree of subjective judgment are the estimated lives of the stock-based awards and the estimated volatility of the Company’s stock price. The Company recognized pre-tax compensation expense related to stock compensation awards of $23,165 and $52,612 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August, 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date (“ASU 2015-14”). The amendment in this ASU defers the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 for all entities for one year. Public business entities, certain not-for-profit entities, and certain employee benefit plans should apply the guidance in ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2016, including interim reporting periods with that reporting period. The adoption of ASU 2015-14 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In September, 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805) (“ASU 2015-16”). Topic 805 requires that an acquirer retrospectively adjust provisional amounts recognized in a business combination, during the measurement period. To simplify the accounting for adjustments made to provisional amounts, the amendments in the Update require that the acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amount is determined. The acquirer is required to also record, in the same period’s financial statements, the effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization, or other income effects, if any, as a result of the change to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. In addition an entity is required to present separately on the face of the income statement or disclose in the notes to the financial statements the portion of the amount recorded in current-period earnings by line item that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date. ASU 2015-16 is effective for fiscal years beginning December 15, 2015. The adoption of ASU 2015-016 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.