Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Related Party Transactions
Related Party Transactions	Note 4. Related Party Transactions Effective as of March 11, 2019, we reduced our ownership in JiYa from 46% to 39% by selling a portion of our JiYa shares to our investor partner, which is also JiYa’s landlord. Based on an independent third-party valuation analysis, we sold these shares for $366,000. Previously we were the largest shareholder of JiYa and as such, we had the right to appoint the general manager of JiYa and the ability to exercise control in substance over JiYa’s long-term strategic direction. Further, our Chief Executive Officer was the chairman of JiYa’s board of directors and our Chief Financial Officer was a member of JiYa’s board of financial supervisors. As a result of this transaction, our investor partner, Shanxi Aluminum Industrial Co., Ltd. became the largest shareholder of JiYa and assumed the right to appoint the general manager of JiYa and thereby exercised greater control over JiYa’s long-term strategic direction. Further, although our Chief Executive Officer remains on the board, as of March 11, 2019, he was no longer chairman of JiYa’s board of directors and our Chief Financial Officer was no longer on JiYa’s board of financial supervisors. Previously, we accounted for JiYa’s financial performance under the consolidation method of accounting. As a result of the changes, we began to account for JiYa’s financial performance under the equity method of accounting. Therefore, we deconsolidated JiYa from our consolidated financial statements as of March 11, 2019 in accordance with ASC 810. As of March 12, 2019, we accounted for our investment in JiYa under the equity method of accounting as we continue to have board representation and substantial ownership. Pro-forma financials have not been presented because we believe the effects were not material to our consolidated financial position and results of operations for all periods presented. JiYa continues to be a related party to us after deconsolidation, from whom we may purchase raw materials for production in the ordinary course of business from time to time. Beginning in 2012, our consolidated joint venture, JinMei, became contractually obligated under an agency sales agreement to sell raw material on behalf of its equity investment entity. JinMei bills the customers and remits the receipts, net of its portions of sales commission, to this equity investment entity. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, JinMei recorded $0, $0 and $24,000 of income from agency sales, respectively, which were included in “Other income, net” in the consolidated statements of operations. In March 2012, Tongmei, entered into an operating lease for the land it owns with our consolidated joint venture, BoYu. The lease agreement for the land of approximately 22,081 square feet commenced on January 1, 2012 for a term of 10 years with annual lease payments of $24,000 subject to a 5% increase at each third year anniversary. The annual lease payment is due by January 31^st of each year. Tongmei also purchases raw materials from Donghai County Dongfang High Purity Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. for production in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no amounts payable outstanding. ChaoYang Tongmei also purchases raw materials from one of our equity investment entities, Emeishan Jia Mei High Purity Metals Co. Ltd. (“Jiamei”), for production in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there no amounts payable outstanding. Tongmei and ChaoYang Tongmei also purchases raw materials from one of our equity investment entities, Xilingol Tongli Germanium Refine Co. Ltd. (“Tongli”), for production in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there no amounts payable outstanding. In July 2017, Tongmei, provided an inter-company loan to JinMei in the amount of $768,000 in preparation for the acquisition of the land use rights and the construction of a new building. The inter-company loan carries an interest rate of 4.9% per annum. The principle is due in three installments between December 2021 and December 2023 while the interest is due in December of each year. As of December 31, 2020, JinMei repaid principal and interest totaling $537,000 to Tongmei. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the remaining balance of principal and interest totaled $303,000 and $285,000, respectively. JinMei, is in the process of relocating its manufacturing operations to the city of Kazuo, located in the province of Liaoning near the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, near our own location. In April 2016, our consolidated joint venture, BoYu, provided a personal loan of $177,000 to one of its executive employees. This loan is collateralized by the officer’s shares in BoYu. The loan bears interest at 2.75% per annum. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the repayment of the principal and interest totaling $180,000 was received by our consolidated joint venture. In November 2017, BoYu provided another personal loan of $291,000 to the same executive employee. This loan bears interest at 2.75% per annum. Principal and accrued interest are due on November 30, 2020. In May 2019, BoYu provided another personal loan of $146,000 to the same executive employee. This loan bears interest at 2.75% per annum. Principal and accrued interest are due at such time BoYu pays a dividend to its shareholders. In March 2020, BoYu provided another personal loan of $141,000 to the same executive employee. This loan bears interest at 2.75% per annum. Principal and accrued interest are due on December 31, 2024. On December 25, 2020, the executive repaid the principal of $612,000 and interest of $35,000 of the personal loans to BoYu. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the balances, including both principal and accrued interest, were $0, and $449,000, respectively, and included in “Other assets” in our consolidated balance sheets. On November 2, 2017, our consolidated joint venture, BoYu, raised additional capital in the amount of $2 million in cash from a third-party investor through the issuance of shares equivalent to 10% ownership of BoYu. This third-party investor is an immediate family member to the owner of one of BoYu's customers. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, BoYu has recorded $0.3 million and $0.2 million in revenue from this customer, respectively. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, amounts receivable of $0 and $12,000, respectively, were included in “Accounts receivable” in our consolidated balance sheets. In December 2020, we purchased shares equivalent to 4% of BoYu from the same third-party investor for $1.6 million and the remaining 6% was sold to another third-party investor. Our Related Party Transactions Policy seeks to prohibit all conflicts of interest in transactions between related parties and us, unless they have been approved by our Board of Directors. This policy applies to all of our employees, directors, and our consolidated subsidiaries. Our executive officers retain board seats on the Board of Directors of the companies in which we have invested in our China joint ventures. See Note 6 for further details.

Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Note 4. Related Party Transactions

Effective as of March 11, 2019, we reduced our ownership in JiYa from 46% to 39% by selling a portion of our JiYa shares to our investor partner, which is also JiYa’s landlord. Based on an independent third-party valuation analysis, we sold these shares for $366,000. Previously we were the largest shareholder of JiYa and as such, we had the right to appoint the general manager of JiYa and the ability to exercise control in substance over JiYa’s long-term strategic direction. Further, our Chief Executive Officer was the chairman of JiYa’s board of directors and our Chief Financial Officer was a member of JiYa’s board of financial supervisors. As a result of this transaction, our investor partner, Shanxi Aluminum Industrial Co., Ltd. became the largest shareholder of JiYa and assumed the right to appoint the general manager of JiYa and thereby exercised greater control over JiYa’s long-term strategic direction. Further, although our Chief Executive Officer remains on the board, as of March 11, 2019, he was no longer chairman of JiYa’s board of directors and our Chief Financial Officer was no longer on JiYa’s board of financial supervisors.

Previously, we accounted for JiYa’s financial performance under the consolidation method of accounting. As a result of the changes, we began to account for JiYa’s financial performance under the equity method of accounting. Therefore, we deconsolidated JiYa from our consolidated financial statements as of March 11, 2019 in accordance with ASC 810. As of March 12, 2019, we accounted for our investment in JiYa under the equity method of accounting as we continue to have board representation and substantial ownership. Pro-forma financials have not been presented because we believe the effects were not material to our consolidated financial position and results of operations for all periods presented. JiYa continues to be a related party to us after deconsolidation, from whom we may purchase raw materials for production in the ordinary course of business from time to time.

Beginning in 2012, our consolidated joint venture, JinMei, became contractually obligated under an agency sales agreement to sell raw material on behalf of its equity investment entity. JinMei bills the customers and remits the receipts, net of its portions of sales commission, to this equity investment entity. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, JinMei recorded $0, $0 and $24,000 of income from agency sales, respectively, which were included in “Other income, net” in the consolidated statements of operations.

In March 2012, Tongmei, entered into an operating lease for the land it owns with our consolidated joint venture, BoYu. The lease agreement for the land of approximately 22,081 square feet commenced on January 1, 2012 for a term of 10 years with annual lease payments of $24,000 subject to a 5% increase at each third year anniversary. The annual lease payment is due by January 31^st of each year.

Tongmei also purchases raw materials from Donghai County Dongfang High Purity Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. for production in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no amounts payable outstanding.

ChaoYang Tongmei also purchases raw materials from one of our equity investment entities, Emeishan Jia Mei High Purity Metals Co. Ltd. (“Jiamei”), for production in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there no amounts payable outstanding.

Tongmei and ChaoYang Tongmei also purchases raw materials from one of our equity investment entities, Xilingol Tongli Germanium Refine Co. Ltd. (“Tongli”), for production in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there no amounts payable outstanding.

In July 2017, Tongmei, provided an inter-company loan to JinMei in the amount of $768,000 in preparation for the acquisition of the land use rights and the construction of a new building. The inter-company loan carries an interest rate of 4.9% per annum. The principle is due in three installments between December 2021 and December 2023 while the interest is due in December of each year. As of December 31, 2020, JinMei repaid principal and interest totaling $537,000 to Tongmei. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the remaining balance of principal and interest totaled $303,000 and $285,000, respectively. JinMei, is in the process of relocating its manufacturing operations to the city of Kazuo, located in the province of Liaoning near the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, near our own location.

In April 2016, our consolidated joint venture, BoYu, provided a personal loan of $177,000 to one of its executive employees. This loan is collateralized by the officer’s shares in BoYu. The loan bears interest at 2.75% per annum. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the repayment of the principal and interest totaling $180,000 was received by our consolidated joint venture. In November 2017, BoYu provided another personal loan of $291,000 to the same executive employee. This loan bears interest at 2.75% per annum. Principal and accrued interest are due on November 30, 2020. In May 2019, BoYu provided another personal loan of $146,000 to the same executive employee. This loan bears interest at 2.75% per annum. Principal and accrued interest are due at such time BoYu pays a dividend to its shareholders. In March 2020, BoYu provided another personal loan of $141,000 to the same executive employee. This loan bears interest at 2.75% per annum. Principal and accrued interest are due on December 31, 2024. On December 25, 2020, the executive repaid the principal of $612,000 and interest of $35,000 of the personal loans to BoYu. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the balances, including both principal and accrued interest, were $0, and $449,000, respectively, and included in “Other assets” in our consolidated balance sheets.

On November 2, 2017, our consolidated joint venture, BoYu, raised additional capital in the amount of $2 million in cash from a third-party investor through the issuance of shares equivalent to 10% ownership of BoYu. This third-party investor is an immediate family member to the owner of one of BoYu's customers. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, BoYu has recorded $0.3 million and $0.2 million in revenue from this customer, respectively. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, amounts receivable of $0 and $12,000, respectively, were included in “Accounts receivable” in our consolidated balance sheets. In December 2020, we purchased shares equivalent to 4% of BoYu from the same third-party investor for $1.6 million and the remaining 6% was sold to another third-party investor.

Our Related Party Transactions Policy seeks to prohibit all conflicts of interest in transactions between related parties and us, unless they have been approved by our Board of Directors. This policy applies to all of our employees, directors, and our consolidated subsidiaries. Our executive officers retain board seats on the Board of Directors of the companies in which we have invested in our China joint ventures. See Note 6 for further details.