EX-99.2 3 q42019supplement.htm EXHIBIT 99.2 Exhibit
Exhibit 99.2

 






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communitytower.jpg

Supplemental Information Package
and Non-GAAP Reconciliations
Fourth Quarter • December 31, 2019




The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Page
Company Overview
 
Company Profile
Strategy
AFFO per Share
Tower Portfolio Footprint
Corporate Information
Research Coverage
Historical Common Stock Data
Portfolio and Financial Highlights
Outlook
Financials & Metrics
 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
Segment Operating Results
FFO and AFFO Reconciliations
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues
Summary of Straight-Lined and Prepaid Rent Activity
Summary of Capital Expenditures
Lease Renewal and Lease Distribution
Tenant Overview
Asset Portfolio Overview
 
Summary of Tower Portfolio by Vintage
Portfolio Overview
Ground Interest Overview
Ground Interest Activity
Capitalization Overview
 
Capitalization Overview
Debt Maturity Overview
Liquidity Overview
Maintenance and Financial Covenants
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Appendix


1

Cautionary Language Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This supplemental information package ("Supplement") contains forward-looking statements and information that are based on our management's current expectations as of the date of this Supplement. Statements that are not historical facts are hereby identified as forward-looking statements. Words such as "Outlook," "guide," "forecast," "estimate," "anticipate," "project," "plan," "intend," "believe," "expect," "likely," "predicted," "positioned," and any variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward looking statements. Such statements include plans, projections and estimates regarding (1) demand for data and our communications infrastructure, and benefits derived therefrom, (2) cash flow growth, (3) tenant additions, (4) our Outlook for full year 2020, (5) preliminary restatement of financial results, our restatement plans and the expected impact of such restatement, (6) timing of the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the "2019 10-K"), (7) our strategy, (8) strategic position of our assets, and (9) assumed conversion of preferred stock and the impact therefrom.
Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including, but not limited to, prevailing market conditions. Should one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those expected. Crown Castle assumes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. More information about potential risk factors which could affect our results is included in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Our filings with the SEC are available through the SEC website at www.sec.gov or through our investor relations website at investor.crowncastle.com. We use our investor relations website to disclose information about us that may be deemed to be material. We encourage investors, the media and others interested in us to visit our investor relations website from time to time to review up-to-date information or to sign up for e-mail alerts to be notified when new or updated information is posted on the site.
The components of financial information presented herein, both historical and forward looking, may not sum due to rounding. Definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures, segment measures and other calculations are provided in the Appendix to this Supplement.
As used herein, the term "including" and any variation thereof, means "including without limitation." The use of the word "or" herein is not exclusive.

Expected Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements
We will restate our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and unaudited financial information for the quarterly and year-to-date periods in the year ended December 31, 2018 and for the first three quarters in the year ended December 31, 2019. Restated financial statements for the periods in question will be reflected in our2019 10-K, which we expect to file within the prescribed timeline for such report, including any available extension if needed to finalize the consolidated financial statements and disclosures and complete the associated audit work. The expected impacts of the restatement described in this supplement and set forth in the tables on the following pages are preliminary and unaudited and are subject to change before we file the 2019 10-K. We believe the restatement will not have an impact on our business operations or our net cash flows.

For further information on the expected restatement, see our Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 26, 2020.


2
Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY
OVERVIEW
 FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX

COMPANY PROFILE 
Crown Castle International Corp. (to which the terms "Crown Castle," "CCIC," "we," "our," "our Company," "the Company" or "us" as used herein refer) owns, operates and leases shared communications infrastructure that is geographically dispersed throughout the U.S., including (1) more than 40,000 towers and other structures, such as rooftops (collectively, "towers"), and (2) approximately 80,000 route miles of fiber primarily supporting small cell networks ("small cells") and fiber solutions. We refer to our towers, fiber and small cells assets collectively as "communications infrastructure," and to our customers on our communications infrastructure as "tenants." Our towers have a significant presence in each of the top 100 basic trading areas, and the majority of our small cells and fiber are located in major metropolitan areas, including a presence within every major U.S. market.
Our operating segments consist of (1) Towers and (2) Fiber. Our core business is providing access, including space or capacity, to our shared communications infrastructure via long-term contracts in various forms, including lease, license, sublease and service agreements (collectively, "tenant contracts"). We seek to increase our site rental revenues by adding more tenants on our shared communications infrastructure, which we expect to result in significant incremental cash flows due to our low incremental operating costs.
We operate as a Real Estate Investment Trust ("REIT") for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
STRATEGY 
As a leading provider of shared communications infrastructure in the U.S., our strategy is to create long-term stockholder value via a combination of (1) growing cash flows generated from our existing portfolio of communications infrastructure, (2) returning a meaningful portion of our cash generated by operating activities to our common stockholders in the form of dividends and (3) investing capital efficiently to grow cash flows and long-term dividends per share. Our strategy is based, in part, on our belief that the U.S. is the most attractive market for shared communications infrastructure investment with the greatest long-term growth potential. We measure our efforts to create "long-term stockholder value" by the combined payment of dividends to stockholders and growth in our per-share results. The key elements of our strategy are to:
•
Grow cash flows from our existing communications infrastructure. We are focused on maximizing the recurring site rental cash flows generated from providing our tenants with long-term access to our shared infrastructure assets, which we believe is the core driver of value for our stockholders. Tenant additions or modifications of existing tenant equipment (collectively, "tenant additions") enable our tenants to expand coverage and capacity in order to meet increasing demand for data, while generating high incremental returns for our business. We believe our product offerings of towers and small cells provide a comprehensive solution to our wireless tenants' growing network needs through our shared communications infrastructure model, which is an efficient and cost-effective way to serve our tenants. Additionally, we believe our ability to share our fiber assets across multiple tenants to deploy both small cells and offer fiber solutions allows us to generate cash flows and increase stockholder return.
•
Return cash generated by operating activities to common stockholders in the form of dividends. We believe that distributing a meaningful portion of our cash generated by operating activities appropriately provides common stockholders with increased certainty for a portion of expected long-term stockholder value while still allowing us to retain sufficient flexibility to invest in our business and deliver growth. We believe this decision reflects the translation of the high-quality, long-term contractual cash flows of our business into stable capital returns to common stockholders.
•
Invest capital efficiently to grow cash flows and long-term dividends per share. In addition to adding tenants to existing communications infrastructure, we seek to invest our available capital, including the net cash generated by our operating activities and external financing sources, in a manner that will increase long-term stockholder value on a risk-adjusted basis. These investments include constructing and acquiring new communications infrastructure that we expect will generate future cash flow growth and attractive long-term returns by adding tenants to those assets over time. Our historical investments have included the following (in no particular order):
◦
construction of towers, fiber and small cells;
◦
acquisitions of towers, fiber and small cells;
◦
acquisitions of land interests (which primarily relate to land assets under towers);
◦
improvements and structural enhancements to our existing communications infrastructure;
◦
purchases of shares of our common stock from time to time; and
◦
purchases, repayments or redemptions of our debt.

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Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY
OVERVIEW
 FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX

Our strategy to create long-term stockholder value is based on our belief that there will be considerable future demand for our communications infrastructure based on the location of our assets and the rapid growth in the demand for data. We believe that such demand for our communications infrastructure will continue, will result in growth of our cash flows due to tenant additions on our existing communications infrastructure, and will create other growth opportunities for us, such as demand for newly constructed or acquired communications infrastructure, as described above. Further, we seek to augment the long-term value creation associated with growing our recurring site rental cash flows by offering certain ancillary site development and installation services within our Towers segment.

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Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY
OVERVIEW
 FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX

AFFO PER SHARE(a)(b)
chart-a5e0dd45b5803e53deb.jpg
2015(c)
2016(c)
2017(c)
2018(c)
2019
Midpoint of Full Year 2020 Outlook(d)

TOWER PORTFOLIO FOOTPRINT
footprintmapa78.jpg
(a)
See reconciliations and definitions provided herein.
(b)
Attributable to CCIC common stockholders.
(c)
As restated.
(d)
Represents the midpoint of Outlook as issued on February 26, 2020. The only changes to our previously issued 2020 Outlook are a result of the impact of the restatement as described in "Expected Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements."

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Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY
OVERVIEW
 FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX

GENERAL COMPANY INFORMATION
Principal executive offices
1220 Augusta Drive, Suite 600, Houston, TX 77057
Common shares trading symbol
CCI
Stock exchange listing
New York Stock Exchange
Fiscal year ending date
December 31
Fitch - Long Term Issuer Default Rating
BBB
Moody’s - Long Term Corporate Family Rating
Baa3
Standard & Poor’s - Long Term Local Issuer Credit Rating
BBB-
Note: These credit ratings may not reflect the potential risks relating to the structure or trading of the Company’s securities and are provided solely for informational purposes. Credit ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold any security, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time by the issuing organization in its sole discretion. The Company does not undertake any obligation to maintain the ratings or to advise of any change in the ratings. Each agency’s rating should be evaluated independently of any other agency’s rating. An explanation of the significances of the ratings can be obtained from each of the ratings agencies.
EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT TEAM
Name
Age
Years with Company
Position
Jay A. Brown
47
20
President and Chief Executive Officer
Daniel K. Schlanger
46
3
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
James D. Young
58
14
Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer - Fiber
Robert C. Ackerman
67
21
Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer - Towers and Small Cells
Kenneth J. Simon
59
4
Senior Vice President and General Counsel
Michael J. Kavanagh
51
9
Senior Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer
Philip M. Kelley
47
22
Senior Vice President - Corporate Development and Strategy
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Name
Position
Committees
Age
Years as Director
J. Landis Martin
Chairman
NCG(a)
74
23
P. Robert Bartolo
Director
Audit, Compensation
48
6
Cindy Christy
Director
Compensation, NCG(a), Strategy
54
12
Ari Q. Fitzgerald
Director
Compensation, NCG(a), Strategy
57
17
Robert E. Garrison II
Director
Audit, Compensation
77
14
Andrea J. Goldsmith
Director
NCG(a), Strategy
55
1
Lee W. Hogan
Director
Audit, Compensation, Strategy
75
18
Edward C. Hutcheson Jr.
Director
Strategy
74
24
Robert F. McKenzie
Director
Audit, Strategy
76
24
Anthony J. Melone
Director
NCG(a), Strategy
59
4
W. Benjamin Moreland
Director
Strategy
56
13
Jay A. Brown
Director
 
47
3
(a)
Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee

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Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY
OVERVIEW
 FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX

RESEARCH COVERAGE
Equity Research
Bank of America
David Barden
(646) 855-1320
Citigroup
Michael Rollins
(212) 816-1116
Cowen and Company
Colby Synesael
(646) 562-1355
Goldman Sachs
Brett Feldman
(212) 902-8156
Guggenheim
Robert Gutman
(212) 518-9148
JPMorgan
Philip Cusick
(212) 622-1444
KeyBanc
Brandon Nispel
(503) 821-3871
MoffettNathanson
Nick Del Deo
(212) 519-0025
Morgan Stanley
Simon Flannery
(212) 761-6432
New Street Research
Spencer Kurn
(212) 921-2067
Oppenheimer & Co.
Timothy Horan
(212) 667-8137
Raymond James
Ric Prentiss
(727) 567-2567
RBC Capital Markets
Jonathan Atkin
(415) 633-8589
SunTrust Robinson Humphrey
Greg Miller
(212) 303-4169
UBS
Batya Levi
(212) 713-8824
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
Jennifer Fritzsche
(312) 920-3548
 
 
 
 
 
Rating Agency
Fitch
John Culver
(312) 368-3216
Moody’s
Lori Marks
(212) 553-1098
Standard & Poor’s
Ryan Gilmore
(212) 438-0602

HISTORICAL COMMON STOCK DATA
 
Three Months Ended
(in millions, except per share amounts)
12/31/19
9/30/19
6/30/19
3/31/19
12/31/18
High price(a)
$
143.71

$
146.94

$
135.53

$
124.98

$
112.56

Low price(a)
$
128.69

$
121.72

$
116.73

$
100.61

$
98.80

Period end closing price(b)
$
142.15

$
137.77

$
128.14

$
124.78

$
104.95

Dividends paid per common share
$
1.2

$
1.125

$
1.125

$
1.125

$
1.125

Volume weighted average price for the period(a)
$
135.12

$
135.00

$
125.64

$
113.45

$
105.19

Common shares outstanding, at period end
416

416

416

416

415

Market value of outstanding common shares, at period end(c)
$
59,103

$
57,280

$
53,275

$
51,876

$
43,538

(a)
Based on the sales price, adjusted for common stock dividends, as reported by Bloomberg.
(b)
Based on the period end closing price, adjusted for common stock dividends, as reported by Bloomberg.
(c)
Period end market value of outstanding common shares is calculated as the product of (1) shares of common stock outstanding at period end and (2) closing share price at period end, adjusted for common stock dividends, as reported by Bloomberg.

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Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY
OVERVIEW
 FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX

SUMMARY PORTFOLIO HIGHLIGHTS
(as of December 31, 2019)
 
Towers
Number of towers(a)
40,061

Average number of tenants per tower
2.1

Remaining contracted tenant receivables ($ in billions)(b)
$
19

Weighted average remaining tenant contract term (years)(c)
5

Percent of towers in the Top 50 / 100 Basic Trading Areas
56%/71%

Percent of ground leased / owned (d)
60%/40%

Weighted average maturity of ground leases (years)(d)(e)
36

Fiber
Number of route miles of fiber (in thousands)
80

Remaining contracted tenant receivables ($ in billions)(b)
$
5

Weighted average remaining tenant contract term (years)(c)
5

SUMMARY FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
 
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
(As Restated)
 
 
 
(As Restated)
Operating Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Site rental
 
$
1,301

 
$
1,232

 
$
5,098

 
$
4,800

Services and other
 
128

 
174

 
675

 
574

Net revenues
 
$
1,429

 
$
1,406

 
$
5,773

 
$
5,374

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Costs of operations (exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Site rental
 
$
367

 
$
353

 
$
1,462

 
$
1,410

Services and other
 
119

 
135

 
529

 
434

Total cost of operations
 
$
486

 
$
488

 
$
1,991

 
$
1,844

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to CCIC common stockholders
 
$
180

 
$
172

 
$
750

 
$
512

Net income (loss) attributable to CCIC common stockholders per share—diluted(f)
 
$
0.43

 
$
0.41

 
$
1.80

 
$
1.23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-GAAP Data(g):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted EBITDA
 
$
818

 
$
803

 
$
3,304

 
$
3,095

FFO(h)
 
570

 
555

 
2,288

 
2,009

AFFO(h)
 
578

 
578

 
2,376

 
2,228

AFFO per share(f)(h)
 
$
1.38

 
$
1.39

 
$
5.69

 
$
5.37

(a)
Excludes third-party land interests.
(b)
Excludes renewal terms at tenants' option.
(c)
Excludes renewal terms at tenants' option, weighted by site rental revenues exclusive of straight-line revenues and amortization of prepaid rent.
(d)
Weighted by Towers segment site rental gross margin exclusive of straight-line revenues, amortization or prepaid rent, and straight-line expenses.
(e)
Includes all renewal terms at the Company's option.
(f)
Based on diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding of 418 million and 417 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and 418 million and 415 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(g)
See reconciliations of Non-GAAP financial measures provided herein. See also "Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures, Segment Measures and Other Calculations" in the Appendix for a discussion of our definitions of Adjusted EBITDA, FFO and AFFO, including per share amounts.
(h)
Attributable to CCIC common stockholders.


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OVERVIEW
 FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX

SUMMARY FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (CONTINUED)
 
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
(As Restated)
 
 
 
(As Restated)
Summary Cash Flow Data(a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities
 
$
809

 
$
727

 
$
2,700

 
$
2,502

Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities(b)
 
(533
)
 
(514
)
 
(2,083
)
 
(1,795
)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities
 
(263
)
 
(253
)
 
(692
)
 
(733
)
(dollars in millions)
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
(As Restated)
Balance Sheet Data (at period end):
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
196

 
$
277

Property and equipment, net
 
14,689

 
13,676

Total assets
 
38,480

 
32,785

Total debt and other long-term obligations
 
18,121

 
16,682

Total CCIC stockholders' equity
 
10,498

 
11,577

 
 
Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
Other Data:
 
 
Net debt to last quarter annualized Adjusted EBITDA(c)
 
5.5
x
Dividend per common share
 
$
1.20


OUTLOOK FOR FULL YEAR 2020
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Full Year 2020(i)
Site rental revenues
$5,337
to
$5,382
Site rental cost of operations(d)
$1,482
to
$1,527
Net income (loss)
$998
to
$1,078
Net income (loss) attributable to CCIC common stockholders
$941
to
$1,021
Net income (loss) per share—diluted(e)(f)(i)
$2.22
to
$2.41
Adjusted EBITDA(g)
$3,479
to
$3,524
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs(h)
$691
to
$736
FFO(g)(i)
$2,449
to
$2,494
AFFO(g)(i)
$2,572
to
$2,617
AFFO per share(e)(g)(i)
$6.06
to
$6.17
(a)
Includes impacts of restricted cash. See the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for further information.
(b)
Includes net cash used for acquisitions of approximately $2 million and $16 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $17 million and $42 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(c)
See the "Net debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA calculation" in the Appendix.
(d)
Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion.
(e)
The assumption for diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding for full year 2020 Outlook is based on the diluted common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and is inclusive of the assumed conversion of preferred stock in August 2020, which we expect to result in (1) an increase in the diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding by approximately 6 million shares and (2) a reduction in the amount of annual preferred stock dividends paid by approximately $28 million when compared to full year 2019.
(f)
Calculated using net income (loss) attributable to CCIC common stockholders.
(g)
See reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to net income (loss) and definition included herein.
(h)
See the reconciliation of "Components of Current Outlook for Interest Expense and Amortization of Deferred Financing Costs" in the Appendix.
(i)
Attributable to CCIC common stockholders.
(i)
The only changes to our previously issued 2020 Outlook are a result of the impact of the restatement as described in "Expected Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements."

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Fourth Quarter 2019
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OVERVIEW
 FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX

FULL YEAR 2019 AND OUTLOOK FOR FULL YEAR 2020 COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN SITE RENTAL REVENUES
(dollars in millions)
Full Year 2019
 
Full Year 2020 Outlook(h)
Components of changes in site rental revenues(a):
 
 
 
Prior year site rental revenues exclusive of straight-lined revenues associated with fixed escalators(b)(c)
$4,727
 
$5,017
 
 
 
 
New leasing activity(b)(c)
385
 
395-425
Escalators
86
 
90-100
Non-renewals
(181)
 
(195)-(175)
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues(d)
290
 
295-335
Straight-lined revenues associated with fixed escalators
81
 
33-53
Acquisitions(e)
—
 
—
Other
—
 
—
Total GAAP site rental revenues
$5,098
 
$5,337-$5,382
 
 
 
 
Year-over-year changes in revenues:
 
 
 
Reported GAAP site rental revenues(f)
6.2%
 
5.1%
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues(d)(f)(g)
6.1%
 
6.3%
(a)
See additional information regarding Crown Castle's site rental revenues, including projected revenues from tenant licenses, straight-lined revenues and prepaid rent herein.
(b)
Includes revenues from amortization of prepaid rent in accordance with GAAP.
(c)
Includes revenues from the construction of new small cell nodes, exclusive of straight-lined revenues related to fixed escalators.
(d)
See "Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures, Segment Measures and Other Calculations" in the Appendix for a discussion of our definition of Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues.
(e)
Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues until the one-year anniversary of the acquisition.
(f)
Calculated based on midpoint of full year 2020 Outlook.
(g)
Calculated as the percentage change from prior year site rental revenues, exclusive of straight-lined revenues associated with fixed escalations, compared to Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues for the current period.
(h)
The only changes to our previously issued 2020 Outlook are a result of the impact of the restatement as described in "Expected Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements."

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FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (Unaudited)
(amounts in millions, except par values)
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
(As Restated)
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
196

 
$
277

Restricted cash
137

 
131

Receivables, net
596

 
501

Prepaid expenses(a)
107

 
172

Other current assets
168

 
148

Total current assets
1,204

 
1,229

Deferred site rental receivables
1,424

 
1,366

Property and equipment, net
14,689

 
13,676

Operating lease right-of-use assets(a)
6,133

 
—

Goodwill
10,078

 
10,078

Other intangible assets, net(a)
4,836

 
5,516

Long-term prepaid rent and other assets, net(a)
116

 
920

Total assets
$
38,480

 
$
32,785

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
334

 
$
313

Accrued interest
169

 
148

Deferred revenues
661

 
591

Other accrued liabilities(a)
361

 
351

Current maturities of debt and other obligations
100

 
107

Current portion of operating lease liabilities(a)
299

 
—

Total current liabilities
1,924

 
1,510

Debt and other long-term obligations
18,021

 
16,575

Operating lease liabilities(a)
5,511

 
—

Other long-term liabilities(a)
2,526

 
3,123

Total liabilities
27,982

 
21,208

Commitments and contingencies
 
 
 
CCIC stockholders' equity:
 
 
 
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 600 shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding: December 31, 2019—416 and December 31, 2018—415
4

 
4

6.875% Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A, $0.01 par value; 20 shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding: December 31, 2019—2 and December 31, 2018—2; aggregate liquidation value: December 31, 2019—$1,650 and December 31, 2018—$1,650
—

 
—

Additional paid-in capital
17,855

 
17,767

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(5
)
 
(5
)
Dividends/distributions in excess of earnings
(7,356
)
 
(6,189
)
Total equity
10,498

 
11,577

Total liabilities and equity
$
38,480

 
$
32,785

(a)
Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted new guidance on the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases. The new guidance requires lessees to recognize a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments for all leases, and a corresponding right-of-use asset. The accounting for lessors remained largely unchanged from previous guidance. As a result of the new guidance for leases, on the effective date, certain amounts related to our lessee arrangements that were previously reported separately have been de-recognized and reclassified into "Operating lease right-of-use assets" on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019.

11
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Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY
OVERVIEW
FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(amounts in millions, except per share amounts)
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
(As Restated)
 
 
 
(As Restated)
Net revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Site rental
$
1,301

 
$
1,232

 
$
5,098

 
$
4,800

Services and other
128

 
174

 
675

 
574

Net revenues
1,429

 
1,406

 
5,773

 
5,374

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Costs of operations (exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Site rental
367

 
353

 
1,462

 
1,410

Services and other
119

 
135

 
529

 
434

Selling, general and administrative
157

 
145

 
614

 
563

Asset write-down charges
6

 
8

 
19

 
26

Acquisition and integration costs
3

 
9

 
13

 
27

Depreciation, amortization and accretion
398

 
390

 
1,574

 
1,528

Total operating expenses
1,050

 
1,040

 
4,211

 
3,988

Operating income (loss)
379

 
366

 
1,562

 
1,386

Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs
(173
)
 
(164
)
 
(683
)
 
(642
)
Gains (losses) on retirement of long-term obligations
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
(106
)
Interest income
1

 
2

 
6

 
5

Other income (expense)
7

 
1

 
1

 
1

Income (loss) before income taxes
214

 
205

 
884

 
644

Benefit (provision) for income taxes
(6
)
 
(5
)
 
(21
)
 
(19
)
Net income (loss)
208

 
200

 
863

 
625

Dividends/distributions on preferred stock
(28
)
 
(28
)
 
(113
)
 
(113
)
Net income (loss) attributable to CCIC common stockholders
$
180

 
$
172

 
$
750

 
$
512

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to CCIC common stockholders, per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) attributable to CCIC common stockholders, basic
$
0.43

 
$
0.41

 
$
1.80

 
$
1.24

Net income (loss) attributable to CCIC common stockholders, diluted
$
0.43

 
$
0.41

 
$
1.80

 
$
1.23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
416

 
415

 
416

 
413

Diluted
418

 
417

 
418

 
415




12
Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY
OVERVIEW
FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX




SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS
 
Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
 
Three Months Ended December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(As Restated)
(dollars in millions)
Towers
 
Fiber
 
Other
 
Consolidated Total
 
Towers
 
Fiber
 
Other
 
Consolidated Total
Segment site rental revenues
$
864

 
$
437

 
 
 
$
1,301

 
$
821

 
$
411

 
 
 
$
1,232

Segment services and other revenues
122

 
6

 
 
 
128

 
166

 
8

 
 
 
174

Segment revenues
986

 
443

 
 
 
1,429

 
987

 
419

 
 
 
1,406

Segment site rental cost of operations
217

 
141

 
 
 
358

 
207

 
138

 
 
 
345

Segment services and other cost of operations
114

 
3

 
 
 
117

 
127

 
5

 
 
 
132

Segment cost of operations(a)(b)
331

 
144

 
 
 
475

 
334

 
143

 
 
 
477

Segment site rental gross margin(c)
647

 
296

 
 
 
943

 
614

 
273

 
 
 
887

Segment services and other gross margin(c)
8

 
3

 
 
 
11

 
39

 
3

 
 
 
42

Segment selling, general and administrative expenses(b)
23

 
48

 
 
 
71

 
29

 
47

 
 
 
76

Segment operating profit(c)
632

 
251

 
 
 
883

 
624

 
229

 
 
 
853

Other selling, general and administrative expenses(b)
 
 
 
 
$
65

 
65

 
 
 
 
 
$
50

 
50

Stock-based compensation expense
 
 
 
 
27

 
27

 
 
 
 
 
25

 
25

Depreciation, amortization and accretion
 
 
 
 
398

 
398

 
 
 
 
 
390

 
390

Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs
 
 
 
 
173

 
173

 
 
 
 
 
164

 
164

Other (income) expenses to reconcile to income (loss) before income taxes(d)
 
 
 
 
6

 
6

 
 
 
 
 
19

 
19

Income (loss) before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
214

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
205

(a)
Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown separately.
(b)
Segment cost of operations excludes (1) stock-based compensation expense of $6 million for both of the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and (2) prepaid lease purchase price adjustments of $5 million for both of the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Selling, general and administrative expenses exclude stock-based compensation expense of $21 million and $19 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(c)
See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures, Segment Measures and Other Calculations" herein for a discussion of our definitions of segment site rental gross margin, segment services and other gross margin and segment operating profit.
(d)
See condensed consolidated statement of operations for further information.











13
Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY
OVERVIEW
FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX




SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2019
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(As Restated)
(dollars in millions)
Towers
 
Fiber
 
Other
 
Consolidated Total
 
Towers
 
Fiber
 
Other
 
Consolidated Total
Segment site rental revenues
$
3,394

 
$
1,704

 
 
 
$
5,098

 
$
3,200

 
$
1,600

 
 
 
$
4,800

Segment services and other revenues
658

 
17

 
 
 
675

 
558

 
16

 
 
 
574

Segment revenues
4,052

 
1,721

 
 
 
5,773

 
3,758

 
1,616

 
 
 
5,374

Segment site rental cost of operations
864

 
559

 
 
 
1,423

 
848

 
525

 
 
 
1,373

Segment services and other cost of operations
511

 
11

 
 
 
522

 
415

 
11

 
 
 
426

Segment cost of operations(a)(b)
1,375

 
570

 
 
 
1,945

 
1,263

 
536

 
 
 
1,799

Segment site rental gross margin(c)
2,530

 
1,145

 
 
 
3,675

 
2,352

 
1,075

 
 
 
3,427

Segment services and other gross margin(c)
147

 
6

 
 
 
153

 
143

 
5

 
 
 
148

Segment selling, general and administrative expenses(b)
96

 
195

 
 
 
291

 
110

 
179

 
 
 
289

Segment operating profit(c)
2,581

 
956

 
 
 
3,537

 
2,385

 
901

 
 
 
3,286

Other selling, general and administrative expenses(b)
 
 
 
 
$
233

 
233

 
 
 
 
 
$
191

 
191

Stock-based compensation expense
 
 
 
 
116

 
116

 
 
 
 
 
108

 
108

Depreciation, amortization and accretion
 
 
 
 
1,574

 
1,574

 
 
 
 
 
1,528

 
1,528

Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs
 
 
 
 
683

 
683

 
 
 
 
 
642

 
642

Other (income) expenses to reconcile to income (loss) before income taxes(d)
 
 
 
 
47

 
47

 
 
 
 
 
173

 
173

Income (loss) before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
884

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
644

(a)
Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown separately.
(b)
Segment cost of operations excludes (1) stock-based compensation expense of $26 million and $25 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and (2) prepaid lease purchase price adjustments of $20 million for both of the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Selling, general and administrative expenses exclude stock-based compensation expense of $90 million and $83 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
(c)
See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures, Segment Measures and Other Calculations" herein for a discussion of our definitions of segment site rental gross margin, segment services and other gross margin and segment operating profit.
(d)
See condensed consolidated statement of operations for further information.


14
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Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY
OVERVIEW
FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX

FFO AND AFFO RECONCILIATIONS
 
Three Months Ended
December 31,
 
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
(amounts in millions, except per share amounts)
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
(As Restated)
 
 
 
(As Restated)
Net income (loss)
$
208

 
$
200

 
$
863

 
$
625

Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion
384

 
375

 
1,519

 
1,472

Asset write-down charges
6

 
8

 
19

 
26

Dividends/distributions on preferred stock
(28
)
 
(28
)
 
(113
)
 
(113
)
FFO(a)(b)(c)(d)
$
570

 
$
555

 
$
2,288

 
$
2,009

Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted(e)
418

 
417

 
418

 
415

FFO per share(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)
$
1.36

 
$
1.33

 
$
5.47

 
$
4.84

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FFO (from above)
$
570

 
$
555

 
$
2,288

 
$
2,009

Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Straight-lined revenue
(18
)
 
(20
)
 
(80
)
 
(72
)
Straight-lined expense
23

 
21

 
93

 
90

Stock-based compensation expense
27

 
25

 
116

 
108

Non-cash portion of tax provision
3

 
3

 
5

 
2

Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion
14

 
15

 
55

 
56

Amortization of non-cash interest expense
—

 
2

 
1

 
7

Other (income) expense
(7
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations
—

 
—

 
2

 
106

Acquisition and integration costs
3

 
9

 
13

 
27

Sustaining capital expenditures
(36
)
 
(30
)
 
(117
)
 
(105
)
AFFO(a)(b)(c)(d)
$
578

 
$
578

 
$
2,376

 
$
2,228

Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted(e)
418

 
417

 
418

 
415

AFFO per share(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)
$
1.38

 
$
1.39

 
$
5.69

 
$
5.37

(a)
See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures, Segment Measures and Other Calculations" herein for a discussion of our definitions of FFO, including per share amounts, and AFFO, including per share amounts.
(b)
FFO and AFFO are reduced by cash paid for preferred stock dividends during the period in which they are paid.
(c)
Attributable to CCIC common stockholders.
(d)
The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(e)
For all periods presented, the diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding does not include any assumed conversion of preferred stock in the share count.






15
Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY
OVERVIEW
FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)
2019
 
2018
 
 
(As Restated)
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
863

 
$
625

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation, amortization and accretion
1,574

 
1,528

(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations
2

 
106

Amortization of deferred financing costs and other non-cash interest
1

 
7

Stock-based compensation expense
117

 
103

Asset write-down charges
19

 
26

Deferred income tax (benefit) provision
2

 
2

Other non-cash adjustments, net
(2
)
 
2

Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions:
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in liabilities
291

 
322

Decrease (increase) in assets
(167
)
 
(219
)
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities
2,700

 
2,502

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
(2,059
)
 
(1,741
)
Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired
(17
)
 
(42
)
Other investing activities, net
(7
)
 
(12
)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities
(2,083
)
 
(1,795
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
1,894

 
2,742

Principal payments on debt and other long-term obligations
(86
)
 
(105
)
Purchases and redemptions of long-term debt
(12
)
 
(2,346
)
Borrowings under revolving credit facility
2,110

 
1,820

Payments under revolving credit facility
(2,660
)
 
(1,725
)
Net borrowings (repayments) under commercial paper program
155

 
—

Payments for financing costs
(24
)
 
(31
)
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock
—

 
841

Purchases of common stock
(44
)
 
(34
)
Dividends/distributions paid on common stock
(1,912
)
 
(1,782
)
Dividends/distributions paid on preferred stock
(113
)
 
(113
)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities
(692
)
 
(733
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
(75
)
 
(26
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
—

 
(1
)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period
413

 
440

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period
$
338

 
$
413

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
 
 
 
Interest paid
661

 
619

Income taxes paid
16

 
17



16
Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY
OVERVIEW
FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX

COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN SITE RENTAL REVENUES
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)
2019
 
2018
 
 
(As Restated)
Components of changes in site rental revenues(a):
 
 
 
Prior year site rental revenues exclusive of straight-lined revenues associated with fixed escalators(b)(c)
$
1,212

 
$
1,067

 
 
 
 
New leasing activity(b)(c)
100

 
64

Escalators
22

 
21

Non-renewals
(51
)
 
(22
)
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues(d)
71

 
63

Straight-lined revenues associated with fixed escalators
18

 
20

Acquisitions(e)
—

 
82

Other
—

 
—

Total GAAP site rental revenues
$
1,301

 
$
1,232

 
 
 
 
Year-over-year changes in revenue:
 
 
 
Reported GAAP site rental revenues
5.6
%
 
 
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues(d)(f)
5.9
%
 
 

 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
(As Restated)
Components of changes in site rental revenues(a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prior year site rental revenues exclusive of straight-lined revenues associated with fixed escalators(b)(c)
$
3,737

 
$
3,239

 
$
2,947

 
$
2,707

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
New leasing activity(b)(c)
229

 
181

 
187

 
182

Escalators
83

 
84

 
89

 
91

Non-renewals
(89
)
 
(90
)
 
(74
)
 
(96
)
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues(d)
223

 
175

 
202

 
177

Straight-lined revenues associated with fixed escalators
72

 
—

 
47

 
111

Acquisitions(e)
767

 
323

 
90

 
63

Other
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total GAAP site rental revenues
$
4,799

 
$
3,737

 
$
3,286

 
$
3,058

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year-over-year changes in revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reported GAAP site rental revenues
28.4
%
 
13.7
%
 
7.5
%
 
 
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues(d)(f)
6.0
%
 
5.4
%
 
6.9
%
 
 
(a)
See additional information herein regarding Crown Castle's site rental revenues, including projected revenue from tenant licenses, straight-lined revenues and prepaid rent.
(b)
Includes revenues from amortization of prepaid rent in accordance with GAAP.
(c)
Includes revenues from the construction of new small cell nodes, exclusive of straight-lined revenues related to fixed escalators.
(d)
See "Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures, Segment Measures and Other Calculations" in the Appendix for a discussion of our definition of Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues.
(e)
Represents the initial contribution of recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues until the one-year anniversary of the acquisition.
(f)
Calculated as the percentage change from prior year site rental revenues, exclusive of straight-lined revenues associated with fixed escalations, compared to Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues for the current period.


17
Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY
OVERVIEW
FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX

SUMMARY OF SITE RENTAL STRAIGHT-LINED REVENUES AND EXPENSES ASSOCIATED WITH FIXED
ESCALATORS(a)

Three Months Ended December 31,
 
2019

2018
(dollars in millions)
Towers

Fiber

Total

Towers

Fiber

Total
Site rental straight-lined revenues
$
17

 
$
1

 
$
18

 
$
20

 
$
—

 
$
20

Site rental straight-lined expenses
22

 
1

 
23

 
21

 
—

 
21

 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
(dollars in millions)
Towers
 
Fiber
 
Total
 
Towers
 
Fiber
 
Total
Site rental straight-lined revenues
$
78

 
$
2

 
$
80

 
$
71

 
$
1

 
$
72

Site rental straight-lined expenses
90

 
3

 
93

 
88

 
2

 
90


SUMMARY OF PREPAID RENT ACTIVITY(b)
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(As Restated)
(dollars in millions)
Towers
 
Fiber
 
Total
 
Towers
 
Fiber
 
Total
Prepaid rent additions
$
104

 
$
67

 
$
171

 
$
84

 
$
67

 
$
151

Amortization of prepaid rent
73

 
50

 
123

 
57

 
51

 
108

 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(As Restated)
(dollars in millions)
Towers
 
Fiber
 
Total
 
Towers
 
Fiber
 
Total
Prepaid rent additions
$
397

 
$
258

 
$
655

 
$
277

 
$
303

 
$
580

Amortization of prepaid rent
262

 
199

 
461

 
215

 
195

 
410

 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
(As Restated)
(dollars in millions)
Towers
 
Fiber
 
Total
 
Towers
 
Fiber
 
Total
 
Towers
 
Fiber
 
Total
Prepaid rent additions
$
272

 
$
205

 
$
477

 
$
262

 
$
165

 
$
427

 
$
350

 
$
205

 
$
555

Amortization of prepaid rent
187

 
125

 
312

 
157

 
99

 
256

 
119

 
74

 
193

(a)
In accordance with GAAP accounting, if payment terms call for fixed escalations or rent free periods, the revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the fixed, non-cancelable term of the contract. Since the Company recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis, a portion of the site rental revenue in a given period represents cash collected or contractually collectible in other periods.
(b)
Reflects up-front consideration from long-term tenants and other deferred credits (commonly referred to as prepaid rent), and the amortization thereof for GAAP revenue recognition purposes.

18
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COMPANY
OVERVIEW
FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX

SUMMARY OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
(dollars in millions)
Towers
 
Fiber
 
Other
 
Total
 
Towers
 
Fiber
 
Other
 
Total
Discretionary:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchases of land interests
$
11

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
11

 
$
18

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
18

Communications infrastructure construction and improvements
119

 
353

 
—

 
472

 
98

 
349

 
—

 
447

Sustaining
12

 
12

 
12

 
36

 
8

 
15

 
7

 
30

Integration
—

 
—

 
2

 
2

 
—

 
—

 
5

 
5

Total
$
142

 
$
365

 
$
14

 
$
521

 
$
124

 
$
364

 
$
11

 
$
500


PROJECTED REVENUE FROM TENANT CONTRACTS(a)
 
Years Ending December 31,
(as of December 31, 2019; dollars in millions)
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Components of site rental revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
Site rental revenues exclusive of straight-line associated with fixed escalators
$
5,168

$
5,292

$
5,386

$
5,436

$
5,444

Straight-lined site rental revenues associated with fixed escalators
4

(102
)
(180
)
(184
)
(148
)
GAAP site rental revenue
$
5,172

$
5,190

$
5,206

$
5,252

$
5,296


PROJECTED GROUND LEASE EXPENSE FROM EXISTING GROUND LEASES(b)
 
 
Years Ending December 31,
(as of December 31, 2019; dollars in millions)
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Components of ground lease expense:
 
 
 
 
 
Ground lease expense exclusive of straight-line associated with fixed escalators
$
855

$
875

$
896

$
915

$
934

Straight-lined site rental ground lease expense associated with fixed escalators
75

61

48

36

26

GAAP ground lease expense
$
930

$
936

$
944

$
951

$
960

(a)
Based on tenant licenses as of December 31, 2019. All tenant licenses are assumed to renew for a new term no later than the respective current term end date, and as such, projected revenue does not reflect the impact of estimated annual churn. CPI-linked tenant contracts are assumed to escalate at 3% per annum.
(b)
Based on existing ground leases as of December 31, 2019. CPI-linked leases are assumed to escalate at 3% per annum.


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ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
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APPENDIX

ANNUALIZED RENTAL CASH PAYMENTS AT TIME OF RENEWAL(a)
 
 
Years Ending December 31,
(as of December 31, 2019; dollars in millions)
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
AT&T
$
30

$
38

$
34

$
367

$
34

Sprint
17

29

25

204

37

T-Mobile
14

21

356

52

57

Verizon
38

37

44

48

560

All Others Combined
227

180

163

114

150

Total
$
326

$
305

$
622

$
785

$
838


TENANT OVERVIEW
(as of December 31, 2019)
Percentage of Q4 2019 LQA Site
Rental Revenues
Weighted Average Current
Term Remaining(b)
Long-Term Credit Rating
(S&P / Moody’s)
AT&T
22%
6
BBB / Baa2
T-Mobile
21%
6
BB+
Verizon
18%
5
BBB+ / Baa1
Sprint
14%
6
B / B2
All Others Combined
25%
3
N/A
Total / Weighted Average
100%
5

(a)
Reflects lease renewals by year by tenant; dollar amounts represent annualized cash site rental revenues from assumed renewals or extension as reflected in the table "Projected Revenue from Tenant Contracts."
(b)
Weighted by site rental revenue contributions; excludes renewals at the tenants' option.


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CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX

SUMMARY OF TOWER PORTFOLIO BY VINTAGE
(as of December 31, 2019; dollars in thousands)
 
CASH YIELD(a)
NUMBER OF TENANTS PER TOWER

chart-199118a94dca58e9a2e.jpgchart-911c0f527fa25100a5b.jpg
LQA CASH SITE RENTAL REVENUE PER TOWER(b)
LQA TOWERS SEGMENT SITE RENTAL GROSS CASH MARGIN PER TOWER(c)
chart-8c8d291993d755c582d.jpgchart-96f14b02d10c53bfa04.jpg
NET INVESTED CAPITAL PER TOWER(d)
NUMBER OF TOWERS
chart-5b74fa55dcca50b194d.jpgchart-288f11c068725119905.jpg
(a)
Yield is calculated as LQA Towers segment site rental gross margin, exclusive of straight-line revenues and amortization of prepaid rent, divided by invested capital.
(b)
Exclusive of straight-line revenues and amortization of prepaid rent.
(c)
Exclusive of straight-line revenues, amortization of prepaid rent, and straight-line expenses.
(d)
Reflects gross total assets (including incremental capital invested by the Company since time of acquisition or construction completion), less any prepaid rent. Inclusive of invested capital related to land at the tower site.

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ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX


PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW(a)
(as of December 31, 2019; dollars in thousands)
NUMBER OF TOWERS
TENANTS PER TOWER
LQA CASH SITE RENTAL REVENUE PER TOWER(b)
chart-7b79ac0f4a2054de937.jpgchart-664fa051d0a9544fbba.jpgchart-35ca7e39b2aa5144a6a.jpg
(a)
Excludes small cells, fiber and third-party land interests.
(b)
Exclusive of straight-line revenues and amortization of prepaid rent.


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ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX


DISTRIBUTION OF TOWER TENANCY (as of December 31, 2019)
PERCENTAGE OF TOWERS BY TENANTS PER TOWER(a)
SITES ACQUIRED AND BUILT 2006 AND PRIOR
SITES ACQUIRED AND BUILT 2007 TO PRESENT
chart-9519e867c3ef5f9b82e.jpgchart-05111bfa98c55980814.jpg
Average: 2.6
Average: 2.0
 
 
GEOGRAPHIC TOWER DISTRIBUTION (as of December 31, 2019)(a)
PERCENTAGE OF TOWERS BY GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
PERCENTAGE OF LQA CASH SITE RENTAL REVENUE BY GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION(b)
chart-e334b0ab2dae523f806.jpgchart-01afe0bd29195be8881.jpg
(a)
Excludes small cells, fiber and third-party land interests.
(b)
Exclusive of straight-line revenues and amortization of prepaid rent.

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APPENDIX

GROUND INTEREST OVERVIEW
(as of December 31, 2019; dollars in millions)
LQA Cash Site Rental Revenue(a)
Percentage of LQA Cash Site Rental Revenue(a)
LQA Towers Segment Site Rental Gross Cash Margin(b)
Percentage of LQA Towers Segment Site Rental Gross Cash Margin(b)
Number of Towers(c)
Percentage of Towers
Weighted Average Term Remaining (by years)(d)
Less than 10 years
$
319

10
%
$
169

7
%
4,947

12
%
 
10 to 20 years
420

14
%
242

11
%
6,535

16
%
 
Greater than 20 years
1,336

44
%
954

42
%
17,755

44
%
 
Total leased
$
2,075

68
%
$
1,365

60
%
29,237

72
%
36

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owned
$
974

32
%
$
921

40
%
10,824

27
%
 
Total / Average
$
3,049

100
%
$
2,286

100
%
40,061

99
%



GROUND INTEREST ACTIVITY
(dollars in millions)
Three Months Ended December 31, 2019
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2019
Ground Extensions Under Crown Castle Towers:
 
 
 
Number of ground leases extended
300

 
1,114

Average number of years extended
26

 
30

Percentage increase in consolidated cash ground lease expense due to extension activities(e)
0.1
%
 
0.3
%
 
 
 
 
Ground Purchases Under Crown Castle Towers:
 
 
 
Number of ground leases purchased
56

 
245

Ground lease purchases (including capital expenditures, acquisitions and installment purchases)
$
16

 
$
75

Percentage of Towers segment site rental gross margin from towers residing on land purchased
<1%

 
<1%

(a)
Exclusive of straight-line revenues and amortization of prepaid rent.
(b)
Exclusive of straight-line revenues, amortization of prepaid rent, and straight-line expenses
(c)
Excludes small cells, fiber and third-party land interests.
(d)
Includes all renewal terms at the Company's option; weighted by Towers segment cash site rental gross margin.
(e)
Includes the impact from the amortization of lump sum payments.

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APPENDIX


CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
(As of December 31, 2019; dollars in millions)
Face Value
Fixed vs. Variable
Interest Rate(a)
Net Debt to LQA EBITDA(b)
Maturity
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
338

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.849% Secured Notes
1,000

Fixed
3.9%
 
2023
Senior Secured Notes, Series 2009-1, Class A-2
68

Fixed
9.0%
 
2029
Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2015-1(c)
300

Fixed
3.2%
 
2042(c)
Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2018-1(c)
250

Fixed
3.7%
 
2043(c)
Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2015-2(c)
700

Fixed
3.7%
 
2045(c)
Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2018-2(c)
750

Fixed
4.2%
 
2048(c)
Finance leases & other obligations
226

Various
Various
 
Various
Total secured debt
$
3,294

 
4.0%
1.0x
 
2016 Revolver(d)
525

Variable
2.8%
 
2024
2016 Term Loan A
2,312

Variable
2.9%
 
2024
Commercial Paper Notes(e)
155

Variable
2.1%
 
2020
3.400% Senior Notes
850

Fixed
3.4%
 
2021
2.250% Senior Notes
700

Fixed
2.3%
 
2021
4.875% Senior Notes
850

Fixed
4.9%
 
2022
5.250% Senior Notes
1,650

Fixed
5.3%
 
2023
3.150% Senior Notes
750

Fixed
3.2%
 
2023
3.200% Senior Notes
750

Fixed
3.2%
 
2024
4.450% Senior Notes
900

Fixed
4.5%
 
2026
3.700% Senior Notes
750

Fixed
3.7%
 
2026
4.000% Senior Notes
500

Fixed
4.0%
 
2027
3.650% Senior Notes
1,000

Fixed
3.7%
 
2027
3.800% Senior Notes
1,000

Fixed
3.8%
 
2028
4.300% Senior Notes
600

Fixed
4.3%
 
2029
3.100% Senior Notes
550

Fixed
3.1%
 
2029
4.750% Senior Notes
350

Fixed
4.8%
 
2047
5.200% Senior Notes
400

Fixed
5.2%
 
2049
4.000% Senior Notes
350

Fixed
4.0%
 
2049
Total unsecured debt
$
14,942

 
3.8%
4.6x
 
Total net debt
$
17,898

 
3.8%
5.5x
 
Preferred Stock, at liquidation value
1,650

 
 
 
 
Market Capitalization(f)
59,103

 
 
 
 
Firm Value(g)
$
78,651

 
 
 
 
(a)
Represents the weighted-average stated interest rate, as applicable.
(b)
Represents the applicable amount of debt divided by LQA consolidated Adjusted EBITDA. See the "Net debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA calculation" in the Appendix.
(c)
If the respective series of such debt is not paid in full on or prior to an applicable date, then the Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the indenture) of the issuers of such notes will be used to repay principal of the applicable series, and additional interest (of an additional approximately 5% per annum) will accrue on the respective series. The Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2015-1 and 2015-2 have anticipated repayment dates in 2022 and 2025, respectively. The Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, 2018-1 and 2018-2 have anticipated repayment dates in 2023 and 2028, respectively. Notes are prepayable at par if voluntarily repaid six months or less prior to maturity; earlier prepayment may require additional consideration.
(d)
As of December 31, 2019, the undrawn availability under the $5.0 billion 2016 Revolver was $4.5 billion.
(e)
As of December 31, 2019, the Company had $845 million available for issuance under the $1.0 billion unsecured commercial paper program ("CP Program"). The maturities of commercial paper notes under the CP Program, when outstanding, may vary but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue.
(f)
Market capitalization calculated based on $142.15 closing price and 416 million shares outstanding as of December 31, 2019.
(g)
Represents the sum of net debt, preferred stock (at liquidation value) and market capitalization.

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ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
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APPENDIX


DEBT MATURITY OVERVIEW(a)
chart-66bb853b00ff5ed29e6.jpg
(as of December 31, 2019; dollars in millions)chart-997d052b694958aeb58.jpg
(a)
Where applicable, maturities reflect the Anticipated Repayment Date as defined in the respective debt agreement; excludes finance leases and other obligations; amounts presented at face value, net of repurchases held at CCIC.


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APPENDIX


LIQUIDITY OVERVIEW(a)
(dollars in millions)
December 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents(b)
$
196

Undrawn 2016 Revolver availability(c)
4,455

Restricted cash(d)
142

Debt and other long-term obligations
18,121

Total equity
10,498

(a)
In addition, we have the following sources of liquidity:
i.
In April 2018, we established an at-the-market stock offering program ("ATM Program") through which we may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $750 million to or through sales agents. No shares of common stock have been sold under the ATM Program.
ii.
In April 2019, we established a CP Program through which we may issue short term, unsecured commercial paper notes ("CP Notes"). Amounts available under the CP Program may be issued, repaid and re-issued from time to time, with the aggregate principal amount of CP Notes outstanding under the CP Program at any time not to exceed $1.0 billion. As of December 31, 2019, there were $155 million of CP Notes outstanding under our CP Program. We intend to maintain available commitments under our 2016 Revolver in an amount at least equal to the amount of CP Notes outstanding at any point in time.
(b)
Exclusive of restricted cash.
(c)
Availability at any point in time is subject to reaffirmation of the representations and warranties in, and there being no default under, the credit agreement governing our 2016 Revolver.
(d)
Inclusive of $5 million included within "long-term prepaid rent and other assets, net" on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

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APPENDIX


SUMMARY OF MAINTENANCE AND FINANCIAL COVENANTS
Debt
Borrower / Issuer
Covenant(a)
Covenant Level Requirement
 
As of December 31, 2019
Maintenance Financial Covenants(b)
2016 Credit Facility
CCIC
Total Net Leverage Ratio
≤ 6.50x
 
5.4x
2016 Credit Facility
CCIC
Total Senior Secured Leverage Ratio
≤ 3.50x
 
0.9x
2016 Credit Facility
CCIC
Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio(c)
N/A
 
N/A
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restrictive Negative Financial Covenants
 
 
 
 
Financial covenants restricting ability to incur additional debt
2012 Secured Notes
CC Holdings GS V LLC and Crown Castle GS III Corp.
Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio
≤ 3.50x
 
2.3x
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial covenants requiring excess cash flows to be deposited in a cash trap reserve account and not released
2015 Tower Revenue Notes
Crown Castle Towers LLC and its Subsidiaries
Debt Service Coverage Ratio
> 1.75x
(d) 
10.7x
2018 Tower Revenue Notes
Crown Castle Towers LLC and its Subsidiaries
Debt Service Coverage Ratio
> 1.75x
(d) 
10.7x
2009 Securitized Notes
Pinnacle Towers Acquisition Holdings LLC and its Subsidiaries
Debt Service Coverage Ratio
> 1.30x
(d) 
11.3x
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial covenants restricting ability of relevant issuer to issue additional notes under the applicable indenture
2015 Tower Revenue Notes
Crown Castle Towers LLC and its Subsidiaries
Debt Service Coverage Ratio
≥ 2.00x
(e) 
10.7x
2018 Tower Revenue Notes
Crown Castle Towers LLC and its Subsidiaries
Debt Service Coverage Ratio
≥ 2.00x
(e) 
10.7x
2009 Securitized Notes
Pinnacle Towers Acquisition Holdings LLC and its Subsidiaries
Debt Service Coverage Ratio
≥ 2.34x
(e) 
11.3x
(a)
As defined in the respective debt agreement. In the indentures for the 2015 Tower Revenue Notes, 2018 Tower Revenue Notes and the 2009 Securitized Notes, the defined term for Debt Service Coverage Ratio is "DSCR."
(b)
Failure to comply with the financial maintenance covenants would, absent a waiver, result in an event of default under the credit agreement governing our 2016 Credit Facility.
(c)
Applicable solely to the extent that the senior unsecured debt rating by any two of S&P, Moody's and Fitch is lower than BBB-, Baa3 or BBB-, respectively. If applicable, the consolidated interest coverage ratio must be greater than or equal to 2.50.
(d)
The 2015 Tower Revenue Notes, 2018 Tower Revenue Notes and 2009 Securitized Notes also include the potential for amortization events, which could result in applying current and future cash flow to the prepayment of debt with applicable prepayment consideration. An amortization event occurs when the Debt Service Coverage Ratio falls below 1.45x, 1.45x or 1.15x, in each case as described under the indentures for the 2015 Tower Revenue Notes, 2018 Tower Revenue Notes or 2009 Securitized Notes, respectively.
(e)
Rating Agency Confirmation (as defined in the respective debt agreement) is also required.


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APPENDIX


INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY(a)
 
Years Ending December 31,
(as of December 31, 2019; dollars in millions)
2020
2021
Fixed Rate Debt:
 
 
Face Value of Principal Outstanding(b)
$
15,010

$
15,002

Current Interest Payment Obligations(c)
597

597

Effect of 0.125% Change in Interest Rates(d)
—

—

Floating Rate Debt:
 
 
Face Value of Principal Outstanding(b)
$
2,933

$
2,845

Current Interest Payment Obligations(e)
80

72

Effect of 0.125% Change in Interest Rates(f)
4

4

(a)
Excludes finance lease and other obligations.
(b)
Face value, net of required amortizations; assumes no maturity or balloon principal payments; excludes finance leases.
(c)
Interest expense calculated based on current interest rates.
(d)
Interest expense calculated based on current interest rates until the sooner of the (1) stated maturity date or (2) the Anticipated Repayment Date, at which time the face value amount outstanding of such indebtedness is refinanced at current rates, plus 12.5 bps.
(e)
Interest expense calculated based on current interest rates as of December 31, 2019. Calculation assumes no changes to future interest rate margin spread over LIBOR due to changes in the borrower’s senior unsecured credit rating.
(f)
Interest expense calculated based on current interest rates as of December 31, 2019, plus 12.5 bps.





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APPENDIX


DEFINITIONS
Non-GAAP Financial Measures, Segment Measures and Other Calculations
This Supplement includes presentations of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Funds from Operations ("AFFO"), including per share amounts, Funds from Operations ("FFO"), including per share amounts, and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues, which are non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended as alternative measures of operating results or cash flow from operations (as determined in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP")).
Our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, including other companies in the communications infrastructure sector or other REITs. Our definition of FFO is consistent with guidelines from the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts with the exception of the impact of income taxes in periods prior to our REIT conversion in 2014.
In addition to the non-GAAP financial measures used herein, we also provide Segment Site Rental Gross Margin, Segment Services and Other Gross Margin and Segment Operating Profit, which are key measures used by management to evaluate our operating segments. These segment measures are provided pursuant to GAAP requirements related to segment reporting. In addition, we provide the components of certain GAAP measures, such as capital expenditures.
Our non-GAAP financial measures are presented as additional information because management believes these measures are useful indicators of the financial performance of our business. Among other things, management believes that:
•
Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA is the primary measure used by management (1) to evaluate the economic productivity of our operations and (2) for purposes of making decisions about allocating resources to, and assessing the performance of, our operations. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate and compare the results of our operations (1) from period to period and (2) to our competitors, by removing the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest charges from our outstanding debt) and asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion) from our financial results. Management also believes Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by investors or other interested parties in the evaluation of the communications infrastructure sector and other REITs to measure financial performance without regard to items such as depreciation, amortization and accretion which can vary depending upon accounting methods and the book value of assets. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA is similar to the measure of current financial performance generally used in our debt covenant calculations. Adjusted EBITDA should be considered only as a supplement to net income computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance.
•
AFFO, including per share amounts, is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Management believes that AFFO helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate our financial performance as it includes (1) the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest expense on our outstanding debt and dividends on our preferred stock) and (2) sustaining capital expenditures, and excludes the impact of our (a) asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion) and (b) certain non-cash items, including straight-lined revenues and expenses related to fixed escalations and rent free periods. GAAP requires rental revenues and expenses related to leases that contain specified rental increases over the life of the lease to be recognized evenly over the life of the lease. In accordance with GAAP, if payment terms call for fixed escalations, or rent free periods, the revenue or expense is recognized on a straight-lined basis over the fixed, non-cancelable term of the contract. Management notes that Crown Castle uses AFFO only as a performance measure. AFFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flows from operations or as residual cash flow available for discretionary investment.
•
FFO, including per share amounts, is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Management believes that FFO may be used by investors or other interested parties as a basis to compare our financial performance with that of other REITs. FFO helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate financial performance by excluding the impact of our asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion). FFO is not a key performance indicator used by Crown Castle. FFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operations.

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•
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues is useful to investors or other interested parties in understanding the components of the year-over-year changes in our site rental revenues computed in accordance with GAAP. Management uses the Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues to assess year-over-year growth rates for our rental activities, to evaluate current performance, to capture trends in rental rates, new leasing activities and tenant non-renewals in our core business, as well to forecast future results. Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues is not meant as an alternative measure of revenue and should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing the performance of our site rental revenues computed in accordance with GAAP.
We define our non-GAAP financial measures, segment measures and other calculations as follows:
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus restructuring charges (credits), asset write-down charges, acquisition and integration costs, depreciation, amortization and accretion, amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments, interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, (gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations, net (gain) loss on interest rate swaps, (gains) losses on foreign currency swaps, impairment of available-for-sale securities, interest income, other (income) expense, (benefit) provision for income taxes, cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, (income) loss from discontinued operations and stock-based compensation expense.
Adjusted Funds from Operations. We define Adjusted Funds from Operations as FFO before straight-lined revenue, straight-lined expense, stock-based compensation expense, non-cash portion of tax provision, non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion, amortization of non-cash interest expense, other (income) expense, (gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations, net (gain) loss on interest rate swaps, (gains) losses on foreign currency swaps, acquisition and integration costs, and adjustments for noncontrolling interests, and less sustaining capital expenditures.
AFFO per share. We define AFFO per share as AFFO divided by diluted weighted average common shares outstanding.
Funds from Operations. We define Funds from Operations as net income plus real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion and asset write-down charges, less noncontrolling interest and cash paid for preferred stock dividends, and is a measure of funds from operations attributable to CCIC common stockholders.
FFO per share. We define FFO per share as FFO divided by the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding.
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues. We define the Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues as the sum of the change in GAAP site rental revenues related to (1) new leasing activity, including revenues from the construction of small cells and the impact of prepaid rent, (2) escalators and less (3) non-renewals of tenant contracts.
Segment Measures
Segment Site Rental Gross Margin. We define Segment Site Rental Gross Margin as segment site rental revenues less segment site rental cost of operations, excluding stock-based compensation expense and prepaid lease purchase price adjustments recorded in consolidated site rental cost of operations.
Segment Services and Other Gross Margin. We define Segment Services and Other Gross Margin as segment services and other revenues less segment services and other cost of operations, excluding stock-based compensation expense recorded in consolidated services and other cost of operations.
Segment Operating Profit. We define Segment Operating Profit as segment site rental gross margin plus segment services and other gross margin, less selling, general and administrative expenses attributable to the respective segment.
All of these measurements of profit or loss are exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion, which are shown separately. Additionally, certain costs are shared across segments and are reflected in our segment measures through allocations that management believes to be reasonable.

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Other Calculations
Discretionary capital expenditures. We define discretionary capital expenditures as those capital expenditures made with respect to activities which we believe exhibit sufficient potential to enhance long-term stockholder value. They primarily consist of expansion or development of communications infrastructure (including capital expenditures related to (1) enhancing communications infrastructure in order to add new tenants for the first time or support subsequent tenant equipment augmentations, or (2) modifying the structure of a communications infrastructure asset to accommodate additional tenants), and construction of new communications infrastructure. Discretionary capital expenditures also include purchases of land interests (which primarily relates to land assets under towers as we seek to manage our interests in the land beneath our towers), certain technology-related investments necessary to support and scale future customer demand for our communications infrastructure, and other capital projects.
Integration capital expenditures. We define integration capital expenditures as those capital expenditures made as a result of integrating acquired companies into our business.
Sustaining capital expenditures. We define sustaining capital expenditures as those capital expenditures not otherwise categorized as either discretionary or integration capital expenditures, such as (1) maintenance capital expenditures on our communications infrastructure assets that enable our tenants' ongoing quiet enjoyment of the communications infrastructure and (2) ordinary corporate capital expenditures.
The tables set forth on the following pages reconcile the non-GAAP financial measures used herein to comparable GAAP financial measures. The components in these tables may not sum to the total due to rounding.


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FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX


Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures to Comparable GAAP Financial Measures and Other Calculations:

Reconciliation of Historical Adjusted EBITDA:
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
(As Restated)
 
 
 
(As Restated)
Net income (loss)
$
208

 
$
200

 
$
863

 
$
625

Adjustments to increase (decrease) net income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset write-down charges
6

 
8

 
19

 
26

Acquisition and integration costs
3

 
9

 
13

 
27

Depreciation, amortization and accretion
398

 
390

 
1,574

 
1,528

Amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments
5

 
5

 
20

 
20

Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs(a)
173

 
164

 
683

 
642

(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations
—

 
—

 
2

 
106

Interest income
(1
)
 
(2
)
 
(6
)
 
(5
)
Other (income) expense
(7
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes
6

 
5

 
21

 
19

Stock-based compensation expense
27

 
25

 
116

 
108

Adjusted EBITDA(b)(c)
$
818

 
$
803

 
$
3,304

 
$
3,095


 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)
2017
 
2016
 
2015
(As Restated)
Net income (loss)
$
368

 
$
308

 
$
1,456

Adjustments to increase (decrease) net income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
—

 
—

 
(999
)
Asset write-down charges
17

 
34

 
33

Acquisition and integration costs
61

 
17

 
16

Depreciation, amortization and accretion
1,242

 
1,109

 
1,036

Amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments
20

 
21

 
21

Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs(a)
591

 
515

 
527

(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations
4

 
52

 
4

Interest income
(19
)
 
(1
)
 
(2
)
Other (income) expense
(1
)
 
9

 
(57
)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes
26

 
17

 
(51
)
Stock-based compensation expense
96

 
97

 
67

Adjusted EBITDA(b)(c)
$
2,405

 
$
2,179

 
$
2,051

(a)
See the reconciliation of "components of historical interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs" herein.
(b)
See "Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures, Segment Measures and Other Calculations" herein for a discussion of our definition of Adjusted EBITDA.
(c)
The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.


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Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY OVERVIEW
FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX



Reconciliation of Current Outlook for Adjusted EBITDA:
 
Full Year 2020(d)
(dollars in millions)
Outlook
Net income (loss)
$998
to
$1,078
Adjustments to increase (decrease) net income (loss):
 
 
 
Asset write-down charges
$20
to
$30
Acquisition and integration costs
$7
to
$17
Depreciation, amortization and accretion
$1,503
to
$1,598
Amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments
$18
to
$20
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs(a)
$691
to
$736
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations
$0
to
$0
Interest income
$(7)
to
$(3)
Other (income) expense
$(1)
to
$1
(Benefit) provision for income taxes
$16
to
$24
Stock-based compensation expense
$126
to
$130
Adjusted EBITDA(b)(c)
$3,479
to
$3,524


Components of Historical Interest Expense and Amortization of Deferred Financing Costs:
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)
2019
 
2018
Interest expense on debt obligations
$
173

 
$
162

Amortization of deferred financing costs and adjustments on long-term debt, net
5

 
5

Other, net
(5
)
 
(3
)
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs
$
173

 
$
164



Components of Current Outlook for Interest Expense and Amortization of Deferred Financing Costs:
 
Full Year 2020
(dollars in millions)
Outlook
Interest expense on debt obligations
$703
to
$723
Amortization of deferred financing costs and adjustments on long-term debt, net
$20
to
$25
Other, net
$(24)
to
$(19)
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs
$691
to
$736
(a)
See the reconciliation of "components of current outlook for interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs" herein.
(b)
See "Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures, Segment Measures and Other Calculations" herein for a discussion of our definition of Adjusted EBITDA.
(c)
The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(d)
The only changes to our previously issued 2020 Outlook are a result of the impact of the restatement as described in "Expected Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements."

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Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY OVERVIEW
FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX


FFO AND AFFO RECONCILIATIONS
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(amounts in millions, except per share amounts)
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
(As Restated)
 
 
 
(As Restated)
Net income (loss)
$
208

 
$
200

 
$
863

 
$
625

Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion
384

 
375

 
1,519

 
1,472

Asset write-down charges
6

 
8

 
19

 
26

Dividends/distributions on preferred stock
(28
)
 
(28
)
 
(113
)
 
(113
)
FFO(a)(b)(c)(d)
$
570

 
$
555

 
$
2,288

 
$
2,009

Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted(e)
418

 
417

 
418

 
415

FFO per share(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)
$
1.36

 
$
1.33

 
$
5.47

 
$
4.84

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FFO (from above)
$
570

 
$
555

 
$
2,288

 
$
2,009

Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Straight-lined revenue
(18
)
 
(20
)
 
(80
)
 
(72
)
Straight-lined expense
23

 
21

 
93

 
90

Stock-based compensation expense
27

 
25

 
116

 
108

Non-cash portion of tax provision
3

 
3

 
5

 
2

Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion
14

 
15

 
55

 
56

Amortization of non-cash interest expense
—

 
2

 
1

 
7

Other (income) expense
(7
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations
—

 
—

 
2

 
106

Acquisition and integration costs
3

 
9

 
13

 
27

Sustaining capital expenditures
(36
)
 
(30
)
 
(117
)
 
(105
)
AFFO(a)(b)(c)(d)
$
578

 
$
578

 
$
2,376

 
$
2,228

Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted(e)
418

 
417

 
418

 
415

AFFO per share(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)
$
1.38

 
$
1.39

 
$
5.69

 
$
5.37

(a)
See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures, Segment Measures and Other Calculations" herein for a discussion of our definitions of FFO, including per share amounts, and AFFO, including per share amounts.
(b)
FFO and AFFO are reduced by cash paid for preferred stock dividends during the period in which they are paid.
(c)
Attributable to CCIC common stockholders.
(d)
The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(e)
For all periods presented, the diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding does not include any assumed conversion of preferred stock in the share count.

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Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY OVERVIEW
FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX


FFO AND AFFO RECONCILIATIONS
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
(amounts in millions, except per share amounts)
2017
 
2016
 
2015
(As Restated)
Net income (loss)
$
368

 
$
308

 
$
457

Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion
1,211

 
1,082

 
1,018

Asset write-down charges
17

 
34

 
33

Dividends/distributions on preferred stock
(30
)
 
(44
)
 
(44
)
FFO(a)(b)(c)(d)
$
1,566

 
$
1,381

 
$
1,465

Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted(e)
383

 
341

 
334

FFO per share(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)
$
4.09

 
$
4.05

 
$
4.39

 
 
 
 
 
 
FFO (from above)
$
1,566

 
$
1,381

 
$
1,465

Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO:
 
 
 
 
 
Straight-lined revenue
—

 
(47
)
 
(111
)
Straight-lined expense
93

 
94

 
99

Stock-based compensation expense
96

 
97

 
67

Non-cash portion of tax provision
9

 
7

 
(64
)
Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion
31

 
26

 
18

Amortization of non-cash interest expense
9

 
14

 
37

Other (income) expense
(1
)
 
9

 
(57
)
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations
4

 
52

 
4

Acquisition and integration costs
61

 
17

 
16

Sustaining capital expenditures
(85
)
 
(90
)
 
(105
)
AFFO(a)(b)(c)(d)
$
1,783

 
$
1,561

 
$
1,369

Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted(e)
383

 
341

 
334

AFFO per share(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)
$
4.65

 
$
4.58

 
$
4.10

(a)
See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures, Segment Measures and Other Calculations" herein for a discussion of our definitions of FFO, including per share amounts, and AFFO, including per share amounts.
(b)
FFO and AFFO are reduced by cash paid for preferred stock dividends during the period in which they are paid.
(c)
Attributable to CCIC common stockholders.
(d)
The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(e)
For all periods presented, the diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding does not include any assumed conversion of preferred stock in the share count.



36
Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY OVERVIEW
FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX


Reconciliation of Current Outlook for FFO and AFFO:
 
Full Year 2020
(amounts in millions, except per share amounts)
Outlook(f)
Net income (loss)
$998
to
$1,078
Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion
$1,454
to
$1,534
Asset write-down charges
$20
to
$30
Dividends/distributions on preferred stock
$(85)
to
$(85)
FFO(a)(b)(c)(d)
$2,449
to
$2,494
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted(e)
424
FFO per share(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)
$5.77
to
$5.88
 
 
 
 
FFO (from above)
$2,449
to
$2,494
Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO:
 
 
 
Straight-lined revenue
$(53)
to
$(33)
Straight-lined expense
$70
to
$90
Stock-based compensation expense
$126
to
$130
Non-cash portion of tax provision
$(6)
to
$9
Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion
$49
to
$64
Amortization of non-cash interest expense
$(4)
to
$6
Other (income) expense
$(1)
to
$1
(Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations
$0
to
$0
Acquisition and integration costs
$7
to
$17
Sustaining capital expenditures
$(123)
to
$(103)
AFFO(a)(b)(c)(d)
$2,572
to
$2,617
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted(e)
424
AFFO per share(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)
$6.06
to
$6.17
(a)
See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures, Segment Measures and Other Calculations" herein for a discussion of our definitions of FFO, including per share amounts, and AFFO, including per share amounts.
(b)
FFO and AFFO are reduced by cash paid for preferred stock dividends during the period in which they are paid.
(c)
Attributable to CCIC common stockholders.
(d)
The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(e)
The assumption for diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding for full year 2020 Outlook is based on the diluted common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and is inclusive of the assumed conversion of preferred stock in August 2020, which we expect to result in (1) an increase in the diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding by approximately 6 million shares and (2) a reduction in the amount of annual preferred stock dividends paid by approximately $28 million when compared to full year 2019.
(f)
The only changes to our previously issued 2020 Outlook are a result of the impact of the restatement as described in "Expected Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements."

37
Crown Castle International Corp.
Fourth Quarter 2019
COMPANY OVERVIEW
FINANCIALS & METRICS
ASSET PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW
APPENDIX


Net debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA calculation:
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)
2019
 
2018
Total face value of debt
$
18,236

 
$
16,791

 
Ending cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(a)
338

 
277

 
Total net debt
$
17,898

 
$
16,514

 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted EBITDA
$
818

 
$
803

(b) 
Last quarter annualized Adjusted EBITDA
3,272

 
3,212

(b) 
Net debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA(a)
5.5
x
 
5.1
x
(b) 

Cash Interest Coverage Ratio Calculation:
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)
2019
 
2018
 
Adjusted EBITDA
$
818

 
$
803

(b) 
Interest expense on debt obligations
173

 
162

 
Interest Coverage Ratio
4.7
x
 
5.0
x
 
(a)
For purposes of calculating Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA, beginning in the second quarter 2019, we changed our calculation of ending cash and cash equivalents to include restricted cash and as such, our calculation is not comparable to similar calculations previously provided.  Our restricted cash is predominately comprised of the cash rental receipts held in reserve in accordance with certain of our debt instruments; any excess of such required reserve balances are subsequently released to us each month.  If we would have excluded restricted cash from our calculation for the fourth quarter of 2019, our Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA would have been 5.5x.
(b)
As restated.

38