Recent Accounting Standards

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Changes And Error Corrections [Abstract]

Recent Accounting Standards

(3) Recent Accounting Standards

Accounting for Convertible Instruments

The Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 effective as of January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective method, which resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings on the date of adoption, recorded as follows (in thousands):

Consolidated Balance Sheet	December 31, 2020 As Reported		Effect of the Adoption of ASU 2020-06			January 1, 2021 As Adjusted
Deferred tax liabilities (assets)	$	8,211	$	(41,693	)	$	(33,482	)
Convertible senior notes, net		486,366		148,546			634,912
Additional paid-in-capital		763,051		(107,810	)		655,241
Retained earnings		575,965		957			576,922

The following significant accounting changes occurred as result of the adoption of ASU 2020-06:

(i) Elimination of the cash conversion model.  Under previous GAAP, instruments that may be partially settled in cash were in the scope of the “cash conversion” model, which required conversion features to be separately reported in equity. Upon the adoption of ASU 2020-06, the cash conversion model was eliminated and the Company no longer records conversion features in equity and instead accounts for its convertible senior notes as single units of debt.  As a result, there is no longer a debt discount or subsequent amortization to be recognized as interest expense.  Similarly, the Company no longer allocates a portion of the related issuance costs to equity. As a result of these changes, temporary differences between the Company’s book and tax bases have been eliminated and the Company no longer records any related net deferred tax liability with respect to its convertible senior notes.

(ii) Use of the “if-converted” method for calculating diluted earnings per share.  Under previous GAAP, the Company utilized the “treasury stock” method for computing the diluted earnings per share impact of its convertible senior notes.  Under the treasury stock method, only the excess of the average stock price of the Company’s class A common stock for the reporting period over the conversion price was used in determining the impact to the diluted earnings per share denominator.  Upon the adoption of ASU 2020-06, the Company may no longer use the treasury stock method for instruments with flexible settlement arrangements.  Instead, the Company is required to use the if-converted method, which requires all underlying shares be included in the denominator regardless of the average stock price for the reporting period, in addition to adding back to the numerator the related interest expense from the stated coupon and the amortization of issuance costs, if dilutive.

Accounting for income taxes

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”) effective as of January 1, 2021.  ASU 2019-12 simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period, and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities related to outside basis differences. ASU 2019-12 requires certain amendments to be applied prospectively and others retrospectively. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Prior periods have not been adjusted and no cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings was made.

Credit losses

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 effective as of January 1, 2020.  Under ASU 2016-13, the Company applies a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) impairment model to its trade accounts receivable, in which lifetime expected credit losses on such financial assets are measured and recognized at each reporting date based on historical, current, and forecasted information. Under the CECL model, trade accounts receivable with similar risk characteristics are analyzed on a collective (pooled) basis. ASU 2016-13 also changed the impairment accounting for available-for-sale debt securities, requiring credit losses to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities.  Impairment due to factors other than credit loss will continue to be recorded through other comprehensive income (loss).  Since adoption of this guidance, all of the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities have consisted of U.S. Treasury securities with stated maturity dates between three months and one year from the purchase date and none of these investments have been impaired at periods’ end. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not hold any short-term investments. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. No cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings was made.