Segment Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

(16) Segment Information

The Company has one reportable operating segment, the “Software Business,” which is engaged in the design, development, marketing, and sales of the Company’s enterprise analytics software platform through cloud subscriptions and licensing arrangements and related services (i.e., product support, consulting, and education). The “Corporate & Other” category presented in the following tables is not considered an operating segment. It consists primarily of costs and expenses related to executing the Company’s bitcoin strategy and includes the impairment charges and other third-party costs associated with the Company’s bitcoin holdings, net interest expense primarily related to long-term debt obligations (the net proceeds of which were primarily used to purchase bitcoin), and income tax effects generated from the Company’s bitcoin holdings and related debt issuances.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who manages the entity on a consolidated basis. The CODM uses “net income (loss)” to assess the profitability of the software business by comparing actual to budgeted results on a monthly basis. In doing so, he focuses on “controllable costs” across main functions of the Software Business and will allocate personnel and budget accordingly to maximize potential profitability. The CODM also uses “net income (loss)” to understand the impact from income taxes and debt-related items for general tax and liquidity planning purposes.

The following tables present (for each of the Software Business segment and Corporate & Other category, and on a consolidated basis) the Company’s revenues and significant expenses regularly provided to the CODM, reconciled to net income (loss) (in thousands) for each of the periods presented. Total segment assets (in thousands) provided to the CODM are also disclosed in the tables below for each period presented.

	Year-Ended December 31, 2024
	Software Business			Corporate & Other			Total Consolidated
Total revenues	$	463,456					$	463,456
Significant expenses (1)
Controllable
Sales and marketing		(105,782	)					(105,782	)
Maintenance		(28,739	)					(28,739	)
Consulting		(56,472	)					(56,472	)
Cloud		(42,731	)					(42,731	)
Technology		(105,140	)					(105,140	)
Corporate resources		(85,479	)					(85,479	)
Non-Controllable
Digital asset impairment losses					(1,789,862	)		(1,789,862	)
Digital asset custody fees					(5,956	)		(5,956	)
Share-based compensation expense		(77,124	)					(77,124	)
Payroll taxes on equity award exercises and vestings		(13,723	)					(13,723	)
Other segment items (2)		(167	)		(1,753	)		(1,920	)
Interest expense, net (3)					(61,941	)		(61,941	)
Loss on debt extinguishment					(22,933	)		(22,933	)
Income tax benefit (4)		226,961			540,724			767,685
Net income (loss)	$	175,060		$	(1,341,721	)	$	(1,166,661	)
Total assets, as of December 31, 2024 (5)	$	743,190		$	25,100,495		$	25,843,685

	Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Software Business			Corporate & Other			Total Consolidated
Total revenues	$	496,261					$	496,261
Significant expenses (1)
Controllable
Sales and marketing		(112,408	)					(112,408	)
Maintenance		(20,058	)					(20,058	)
Consulting		(61,019	)					(61,019	)
Cloud		(31,466	)					(31,466	)
Technology		(106,901	)					(106,901	)
Corporate resources		(84,947	)					(84,947	)
Non-Controllable
Digital asset impairment losses					(115,851	)		(115,851	)
Digital asset custody fees					(1,572	)		(1,572	)
Share-based compensation expense		(69,571	)					(69,571	)
Payroll taxes on equity award exercises and vestings		(820	)					(820	)
Other segment items (2)		(10,717	)		(1,182	)		(11,899	)
Interest expense, net (3)					(48,960	)		(48,960	)
Gain on debt extinguishment					44,686			44,686
Income tax benefit (4)		10,553			543,093			553,646
Net income	$	8,907		$	420,214		$	429,121
Total assets, as of December 31, 2023 (5)	$	470,353		$	4,292,175		$	4,762,528

	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Software Business			Corporate & Other			Total Consolidated
Total revenues	$	499,264					$	499,264
Significant expenses (1)
Controllable
Sales and marketing		(106,348	)					(106,348	)
Maintenance		(19,211	)					(19,211	)
Consulting		(64,843	)					(64,843	)
Cloud		(24,488	)					(24,488	)
Technology		(115,225	)					(115,225	)
Corporate resources		(86,541	)					(86,541	)
Non-Controllable
Digital asset impairment losses (gains on sale), net					(1,286,286	)		(1,286,286	)
Digital asset custody fees					(1,870	)		(1,870	)
Share-based compensation expense		(63,619	)					(63,619	)
Payroll taxes on equity award exercises and vestings		(238	)					(238	)
Other segment items (2)		1,058			(982	)		76
Interest expense, net (3)					(53,136	)		(53,136	)
Income tax provision (4)		(14,798	)		(132,534	)		(147,332	)
Net income (loss)	$	5,011		$	(1,474,808	)	$	(1,469,797	)

(1)Significant expenses regularly provided to the CODM include both: (i) costs that the CODM considers to be “controllable”, for which the Company can manage future expense via the budgeting process (e.g. salaries, commissions, travel and entertainment expenses, third party-service provider fees, etc.), and that support each specific function of the Software Business (i.e. sales and marketing, maintenance, consulting, cloud, technology, and corporate resources) and (ii) costs that the CODM considers to be “non-controllable”, for which future expenses are primarily outside the Company’s control, such as digital asset impairment and custody fees, share-based compensation expense, and employer payroll taxes related to the exercise or vesting of certain awards under the Stock Incentive Plans.

(2)Other segment items for the Software Business are primarily related to foreign currency transaction gains and losses, costs supporting the Company’s education function, one-time corporate initiatives, and certain expenses that are not easily allocable to specific functions. Other segment items for the Corporate & Other category are primarily related to third-party consulting and advisory fees.

(3)Interest expense, net is substantially related to interest expense on the Company’s long-term debt arrangements, the proceeds from which were primarily used to purchase bitcoin. All of the Company’s interest income and expense are presented in the Corporate & Other category.

(4)Income tax effects allocated to the Corporate & Other category are related solely to transactions involving the Company’s bitcoin or debt, including digital asset impairment, interest expense, gains and losses on debt extinguishments, and other third-party expenses.

(5)Segment assets allocated to the Corporate & Other category are the Company’s digital assets and deferred tax assets related primarily to digital asset impairment losses and interest expense.

Depreciation and amortization are included in net income (loss), but are not regularly reported to the CODM, except for the amortization of debt issuance costs, which is included as interest expense under the Corporate & Other category. All remaining depreciation and amortization is related to the Software Business, and separately presented in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Significant non-cash items include digital asset impairment, share-based compensation, and gains and losses on debt extinguishments and are presented in the table above and in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and/or Statements of Cash Flows. The Company does not regularly report capital expenditures on long-lived assets to the CODM.

The following table presents total revenues and long-lived assets (in thousands) according to geographic region. Long-lived assets are comprised of right-of-use assets and property and equipment, net.

Geographic regions:	U.S.		EMEA		Other Regions		Consolidated
Total revenues
Year ended December 31, 2024	$	259,582	$	155,923	$	47,951	$	463,456
Year ended December 31, 2023	$	284,174	$	155,914	$	56,173	$	496,261
Year ended December 31, 2022	$	294,697	$	152,614	$	51,953	$	499,264
Long-lived assets
As of December 31, 2024	$	69,767	$	3,556	$	7,564	$	80,887
As of December 31, 2023	$	75,004	$	3,937	$	7,343	$	86,284

The EMEA region includes operations in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. The other regions include all other foreign countries, generally comprising Latin America, the Asia Pacific region, and Canada. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, no individual foreign country accounted for 10% or more of total consolidated revenues.

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, no individual customer accounted for 10% or more of total consolidated revenues.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, no individual foreign country accounted for 10% or more of total consolidated assets.