-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, SRMeXQP5694I4ag9ySsF5EWainXsZH195R6CxuKJ4E0Ixf3No9kCkAwY8uHYbboZ 3IwpvENsZw7CJGaCDMdbcQ== 0001072613-06-000994.txt : 20060501 0001072613-06-000994.hdr.sgml : 20060501 20060501172633 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001072613-06-000994 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 40-F PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 15 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20060131 FILED AS OF DATE: 20060501 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20060501 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001050140 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: SERVICES-PREPACKAGED SOFTWARE [7372] IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: A6 FISCAL YEAR END: 0131 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 40-F SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-29970 FILM NUMBER: 06796377 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 120 RANDALL ST CITY: WATERLOO ONTARIO CAN STATE: A6 BUSINESS PHONE: 5197468110 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 120 RANDALL DRIVE STREET 2: WATERLOO, ONTARIO, CANADA N2V 1C6 40-F 1 form40-f_14322.htm DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP, INC. FORM 40-F WWW.EXFILE.COM, INC. -- 14322 -- THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP, INC. -- FORM 40-F


 
U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 40-F

o REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13(A) OR 15(D) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2006 Commission File Number: 333-09768

THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP INC. 

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 
N/A

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English (if applicable))
 
Ontario, Canada

(Province or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
N/A

(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number (if applicable))
 
N/A

(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number (if applicable))
120 Randall Drive, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2V 1C6
 
Tel: (519) 746-8110

(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

Descartes Systems (USA) LLC
Powers Ferry Business Park
Suite 510, Building 500
2300 Powers Ferry RD NW
Atlanta, GA 30339
Tel: (678) 247-0400

(Name, address (including zip code) and telephone number
(including area code) of agent for service in the United States)
 



Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

Title of each class: N/A         Name of each exchange on which registered: N/A

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.

Common Shares, no par value per share
(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.

N/A
(Title of Class)

For annual reports, indicate by check mark the information filed with this Form:

x Annual information form     x Audited annual financial statements

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

40,723,800 as of January 31, 2006

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant by filing the information contained in the Form is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). If “Yes” is marked, indicate the filing number assigned to the Registrant in connection with such Rule.

Yes o     No x

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x     No o


CERTIFICATIONS

See Exhibits 4, 5 and 6 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F.



CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

The Registrant, under the supervision and with the participation of the Registrant’s management, including the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of January 31, 2006 (the “Evaluation Date”), pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based upon that evaluation, the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that material information required to be disclosed by the Registrant in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, including ensuring that such material information is accumulated and communicated to the Registrant’s management, including the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

During the period covered by this report, there have been no changes in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


NOTICES PURSUANT TO RULE 104 OF REGULATION BTR

None.


AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

The Registrant’s Audit Committee of the Board of Directors currently consists of three members. The Registrant’s Board of Directors has determined that J. Ian Giffen is an “audit committee financial expert” (as defined in paragraph 8(b) of General Instruction B to Form 40-F). Mr. Giffen is independent within the meaning of Nasdaq’s director independence standards.


CODE OF ETHICS

The Registrant has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) that applies to the Registrant’s principal executive officers, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. A copy of the Code of Ethics is posted on the Registrant’s corporate website at www.descartes.com.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The aggregate fees billed in respect of the fiscal years ending January 31, 2006 and January 31, 2005 for professional services rendered by Deloitte & Touche LLP (“D&T”), the Registrant’s principal accountant, are as follows (in thousands of U.S. dollars):
 

 
   
Fiscal Year Ended
 
Fiscal Year Ended
 
   
January 31, 2006
 
January 31, 2005
 
           
Audit Fees
 
$
300,300
 
$
434,700
 
               
Audit-Related Fees
 
$
20,500
 
$
34,500
 
               
Tax Fees
 
$
215,100
 
$
326,700
 
               
All Other Fees
 
$
0
 
$
0
 


AUDIT FEES-- Audit fees consist of fees for professional services rendered for the audit of the Registrant’s annual consolidated financial statements and services provided in connection with statutory audits and regulatory filings or engagements including fees for statutory audit of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries.

AUDIT RELATED FEES-- Audit-related fees consist of fees for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Registrant’s consolidated financial statements and are not reported as “Audit Fees”. These services included research of accounting and audit-related issues.

TAX FEES-- Tax fees consist of fees for professional services rendered for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning. These services included the preparation of tax returns and assistance and advisory services regarding income, capital and indirect tax compliance matters.

PRE-APPROVAL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

The Registrant’s audit committee is responsible for overseeing the work of the independent auditors and has adopted a policy requiring its pre-approval of all audit and permissible non-audit services provided by the independent auditors. The Registrant’s Pre-Approval Policy and Procedure for Engagements of the Independent Auditor is filed as Appendix B to the Registrant’s Renewal Annual Information Form dated April 30, 2006, filed as Exhibit 1 hereto.


OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

The Registrant does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Registrant’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
 

 
TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

The following table presents, as of January 31, 2006, the Registrant’s known contractual obligations, aggregated by type of contractual obligation as set forth below (in millions of U.S. dollars):
                       
   
PAYMENTS DUE BY PERIOD
 
                       
   
 
 
LESS THAN
         
MORE THAN
 
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
 
TOTAL
 
1 YEAR
 
1-3 YEARS
 
3-5 YEARS
 
5 YEARS
 
Purchase Obligation
 
$
0.3
 
$
0.2
 
$
0.1
   
   
 
Operating Lease Obligations
 
$
4.2
 
$
1.5
 
$
2.0
 
$
0.6
 
$
0.1
 
 
          
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
TOTAL
 
$
4.5
 
$
1.7
 
$
2.1
 
$
0.6
 
$
0.1
 
 
IDENTIFICATION OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

The Registrant has a separately designated standing audit committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act. The members of the audit committee as of the date of the filing of this 40-F are: Mr. James Balsillie, Mr. J. Ian Giffen (Chair) and Mr. Olivier Sermet.

DISCLOSURE PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF NASDAQ

The registrant was granted an exemption from the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules requiring each issuer to provide for a quorum at any meeting of the holders of common stock of no less than 331/3% of the outstanding shares of the issuer’s common voting stock. This exemption was granted because Nasdaq’s requirements regarding the quorum required for meetings of the holders of common stock are contrary to generally accepted business practices in Canada. In particular, Section 101 of the Business Corporations Act (Ontario) provides that a company’s by-laws may set the quorum requirements for a meeting of shareholders. The relevant provisions of the Registrant’s by-laws state that “two shareholders, in person or by proxy, holding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote at a meeting of shareholders, shall constitute a quorum at such meeting unless there is only one holder of any class or series of shares, in which case the shareholder present in person or by proxy constitutes a quorum. A quorum is required only at the opening of the meeting.”

UNDERTAKING

Registrant undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone, representatives to respond to inquiries made by the Commission staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by the Commission staff, information relating to: the securities in relation to which the obligation to file an annual report on Form 40-F arises; or transactions in said securities.
 

 
SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 40-F and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.

     
  THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP INC.
 
 
 
 
 
 
  By:   /s/ Brandon Nussey
 
Name: Brandon Nussey
  Title: Chief Financial Officer 
   
 
Date: May 1, 2006 
 


EXHIBIT INDEX


 
Exhibit
Number
Description
______
_________

1.
Annual Information Form for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2006

2.
Annual Report for 2006
 
3.
Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP

4.
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 or 15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

5.
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14 or 15d-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

6.
Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 

 
EX-99.1 2 exh99-1_14322.htm RENEWAL ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM WWW.EXFILE.COM, INC. -- 14322 -- THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP, INC. -- EXHIBIT 99.1 TO FORM 40-F















 
       RENEWAL ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM
APRIL 30, 2006


 










THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP INC.
Corporate Headquarters
120 Randall Drive
Waterloo, Ontario N2V 1C6
Canada

Phone: (519) 746-8110
(800) 419-8495
Fax:  (519) 747-0082

info@descartes.com
www.descartes.com 


 
 


 



 
TABLEOF CONTENTS
 

 

ITEM 1 - GENERAL
……………………………………………………2
   
ITEM 2 - CORPORATE STRUCTURE
……………………………………………………3
2.1 The Company
………………………………………………3
2.2 Intercorporate Relationships
………………………………………………3
   
ITEM 3 - GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS
……………………………………………………3
3.1 Profile
………………………………………………3
3.2 History and General Development
………………………………………………3
3.3 Trends
………………………………………………7
   
ITEM 4 - NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS
……………………………………………………7
4.1 Company Overview
………………………………………………7
4.2 Principal Products and Services
………………………………………………7
4.3 Revenue Sources
………………………………………………12
4.4 Customer Base
..……………………………………………13
4.5 Sales and Marketing
…..…………………………………………13
4.6 Research and Development
……………..………………………………13
4.7 Competition
………………..……………………………14
4.8 Intellectual Property and Other Proprietary Rights
…………………..…………………………15
4.9 Contracts
……………………..………………………16
4.10 Employees
………………………..……………………16
4.11 Risks Associated with Foreign Sales and Exchange Rate Fluctuations
………………………………………………17
4.12 Risks Associated with Cyclical or Seasonal Aspects of the Business
………………………………………………17
4.13 Reorganizations
………………………………………………17
4.14 Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
………………………………………………18
   
ITEM 5 - RISK FACTORS
………………………………….………………18
   
ITEM 6 - MARKET FOR SECURITIES AND RELATED SECURITYHOLDER MATTERS
………………………………….………………18
6.1 Common Shares
………………………………………………18
6.2 Transfer Agent and Registrar
………………………………………………18
6.3 Escrowed Common Shares
………………………………………………18
6.4 Dividend Policy
………………………………………………19
6.5 Market for Common Shares
………………………………………………20
6.6 Shareholder Rights Plan
………………………………………………20
   
ITEM 7 - DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
…………………………………….……………21
7.1 Summary Information
…………………………………..…………21
7.2 Committees of the Board of Directors
……………………………………..………23
7.3 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
……………………………………..………25
   
ITEM 8 - EXTERNAL AUDITOR
…………………………………………….……25
   
ITEM 9 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
……………………………………………….…26
   
ITEM 10 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
………………………………………………….26
   
APPENDIX A - Charter for the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors
………………….………………………………27
   
APPENDIX B - Pre-Approval Policy and Procedure for Engagements of the Independent Auditor
…………………….……………………………34

 
1


ITEM 1
GENERAL

 
Information contained herein is provided as at January 31, 2006 and is in US dollars, unless otherwise indicated.

Our Renewal Annual Information Form (“AIF”) contains references to The Descartes Systems Group Inc. using the words “Descartes,” “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar words and the reader is referred to using the words “you,” “your” and similar words.

The AIF also refers to our fiscal years. Our fiscal year commences on February 1st of each year and ends on January 31st of the following year. Our fiscal year, which ended on January 31, 2006, is referred to as the “current fiscal year,” “fiscal 2006,” “2006” or using similar words. Our previous fiscal year, which ended on January 31, 2005, is referred to as the “previous fiscal year,” “fiscal 2005,” “2005” or using similar words. Other fiscal years are referenced by the applicable year during which the fiscal year ends. For example, 2003 refers to the annual period ending January 31, 2003 and the “fourth quarter of 2003” refers to the quarter ending January 31, 2003.

This AIF is prepared as of April 30, 2006. You should read the AIF in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements for 2006 and the management’s discussion and analysis thereon (“MD&A”). We prepare and file our consolidated financial statements and MD&A in United States (“US”) dollars and in accordance with US generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

We have prepared the AIF with reference to Form 51-102F2, which sets out the AIF disclosure requirements and which was established under National Instrument 51-102 “Continuous Disclosure Obligations” of the Canadian Securities Administrators.
 
Additional information about us, including copies of our continuous disclosure materials such as our MD&A, is available on our website at www.descartes.com, through the EDGAR website at www.sec.gov or through the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com.

Certain statements made in this AIF, including, but not limited to, statements relating to business trends; research and development and related expenditures; product and solution developments, enhancements and releases; competition and changes in the competitive landscape; our management and protection of intellectual property and other proprietary rights; contracts; employees and new hires; foreign sales and exchange rate fluctuation; cyclical or seasonal aspects of our business; releases of escrowed common shares; our dividend policy; capital expenditures; our continued use of Blake Cassels & Graydon LLP; and potential legal proceedings, constitute forward-looking information for the purposes of applicable securities laws (“forward-looking statements”). When used in this document, the words “believe,” “plan,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “continue,” “may,” “will,” “should,” or the negative of such terms and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that may cause future results to differ materially from those expected. Factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to, operating results that may fluctuate from period to period; our history of losses; cancellation of key customer contracts; integrating acquisitions; declining demand or consolidation in our customer base; the cyclical and seasonal nature of our business; recent increases in fuel prices; disruptions in the movement of freight; foreign currency rates; our ability to manage expenses; our ability to attract and retain key personnel; and the factors discussed under the heading “Certain Factors That May Affect Future Results” appearing in the MD&A. If any of such risks actually occur, they could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In that case, the trading price of our common shares could decline, perhaps materially. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance upon any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. We do not undertake or accept any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect any change in our expectations or any change in events, conditions, assumptions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.
 
2


ITEM 2
CORPORATE STRUCTURE

 
2.1  The Company
 
The Descartes Systems Group Inc. was amalgamated under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario) on January 26, 1999. Our head and registered office is located at 120 Randall Drive, Waterloo, Ontario N2V 1C6 and our general corporate phone number is (519) 746-8110.
 
2.2  Intercorporate Relationships 
 
Our only material subsidiary, determined as at January 31, 2006, is Descartes Systems (USA) LLC, a Delaware subsidiary in which we beneficially own, control or direct 100% of all membership interests.
 
 

ITEM 3
GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS

 
3.1   Profile
 
We develop, market, operate, implement and support on-demand, software-as-a-service logistics technology for supply chain management. We have significant experience in providing integrated software applications and network services to help our customers manage their end-to-end supply chain. Our history of serving industries with short order-to-fulfillment cycles has allowed us to develop significant expertise regarding the requirements of logistics and to design solutions that address the specific needs of enterprises seeking to reduce costs, save time and enhance customer satisfaction. Our technology-based solutions provide connectivity and business document exchange, route planning and wireless dispatch, inventory and asset visibility, transportation management, carrier contract management, and warehouse optimization. In addition, we provide a variety of related services, including support and maintenance services, consulting, implementation and training. Our primary target industries are retail, consumer product goods, discrete manufacturing and transportation. Companies in over 60 countries use our solutions.
 
3.2  History and General Development 
 
Our origins are in providing logistics-focused software designed to optimally plan and manage routes for direct delivery and retail customers with private fleets. Over the past several years, supply chain management has been changing, as companies across industry verticals are increasingly seeking real-time control of their supply chain activities. We have moved to a network-based business model and technology which we refer to as the Global Logistics Network™ to assist our customers in gathering and exchanging source data for logistics. We have also designed applications that enable shippers, transportation companies and logistics intermediaries to use that information to make better business decisions and deliver better service to their own customers.

We offer our Delivery Management™ suite of solutions to retailers, discrete manufacturers, distributors and transportation companies that go beyond traditional applications that only address one particular point of a logistics problem. We provide an end-to-end suite capable of combining business document exchange and mobile and wireless applications with supply chain execution applications, such as transportation management, routing & scheduling and inventory visibility.

Our solutions are offered as suites to target industries. Modular in approach, the industry-focused suites enable our customers to purchase and use one module at a time or combine several modules as part of their end-to-end, real-time supply chain solution. This gives customers an opportunity to add supply chain services and capabilities as their business needs grow and change.

To develop and support an end-to-end suite of delivery management solutions, we developed the Logistics Network Operating System™ (LNOS™) built on Microsoft .NET standards. LNOS is the foundation or architecture upon which our newer product suites operate, enabling us to offer end-to-end solutions to our existing and potential clients. As a result of the LNOS component-based architecture, we can offer many of our
 
3

applications to customers either hosted by us or hosted by the customer behind its own firewall. Our flexible pricing model offers customers the opportunity to either purchase solutions on a subscription basis or license solutions for their own installation.

We offer our Global Logistics Network solutions to transportation providers and logistics services providers (“LSPs”). These solutions enable the exchange of logistics messages between trading partners across a spectrum of technical sophistication: from paper documents to electronic document interchange (“EDI”) documents. We have designed applications deployed over the Global Logistics Network to enable these customers to also make additional use of, and derive additional context from, the logistics messages they exchange. With our acquisition of ViaSafe Inc. (“ViaSafe”) in April 2006, we also are able to help our customers make necessary regulatory and compliance filings that help our customers efficiently ship goods across international borders.

Significant product and business developments over the last three fiscal years have been as follows:

2006 and up to April 30, 2006
In 2006, our focus was on operating and growing profitably. Our financial performance in 2006 included four consecutive quarters of profit, resulting in annual net income of $3.0 million. In addition, we reported four consecutive quarters of increases in revenues, net cash and gross margin in 2006.

Additions to our management team in 2006 helped drive our improved operating performance. Chris Jones, a former Senior Vice-President in Aberdeen Group’s Value Chain Reserve division, joined us as Executive Vice President, Solutions & Markets in May 2005. Mark Weisberger, an enterprise software industry veteran, joined us as Executive Vice President, Field Operations in May 2005 to help drive sales of our Delivery Management solutions. In February 2006, Greg Cronin joined Descartes as Executive Vice President, Business Development & Corporate Strategy, responsible for guiding our global corporate marketing, corporate strategy and business development activities. Bruce Gordon, former Executive Vice President, Operations, departed in May 2005.

We also had changes in our board of directors during the year. In May 2005, both Olivier Sermet and our CEO Arthur Mesher were added to the board of directors. Mr. Sermet, based in California, was previously CEO and President of Softface, Inc. for four years from 2000 until its sale to Ariba, Inc. in April 2004. In March 2006, David Beatson, also based in California, joined the board after the resignation of John Albright in February 2006. Mr. Beatson is the former President and CEO of North America for Panalpina, Inc. and Circle International Group, Inc. Additional details on all members of our board of directors are included in item 7, below.

In March 2006, we issued 4,140,000 common shares as part of a bought deal public share offering for proceeds (net of a 4.5% underwriting fee) of CDN $16,407,855. The co-lead underwriters for the offering were GMP Securities L.P. and TD Securities Inc, with BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc. also participating in the underwriting syndicate.

In April 2006, we purchased ViaSafe, a privately-held provider of secure electronic logistics services for global trade, based in Ottawa, Canada. The acquisition broadened our regulatory and compliance services delivered through our Global Logistics Network to include ViaSafe's ViaTrade™ service. ViaTrade helps transportation providers and LSPs, across all modes of transportation, negotiate increasingly complex document exchange requirements brought about by new international security initiatives and borders controls.

Other selected events and announcements since February 1, 2005 include:
 
·  
Paid $27.7 million to satisfy all principal amount and interest due under our convertible debentures on maturity;
·  
Commenced a normal course issuer bid that enables us, if we so choose, to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,067,646 common shares over a period of 12 months ending September 19, 2006 on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) or Nasdaq Stock Exchange (“Nasdaq”). We are restricted to purchasing no more than
 
 
4

 
  
2,035,290 common shares during this period on the Nasdaq. We have not made any purchases pursuant to this normal course issuer bid;
·  
Announced various customer relationships, including:
o  
Exel for ocean contract management;
o  
Hanjin for ocean contract management;
o  
Kuehne & Nagel for global air messaging;
o  
Samsung Electronics Logitech for a Delivery Management solution;
o  
Tomra Recycling for a Delivery Management solution;
o  
Meridian IQ for ocean services on our Global Logistics Network;
o  
Air Canada for air cargo messaging;
o  
Precision Software for multimodal messaging on the Global Logistics Network;
o  
Longo Brothers Fruit Markets for a Delivery Management solution;
o  
Schenker implementing our Local Haulage™ service to help manage pick-up and delivery agents;
o  
Cargo Express using our Multimodal Track & Trace™ solution;
o  
a group of world-leading freight-forwarders engaging us to connect them to local carriers and agents to the Global Logistics Network to help monitor the first and last mile of delivery;
o  
Ideal Supply, a Canadian auto parts and electrical products distributor, for our Delivery Management suite;
o  
Eastman Kodak using our Visibility & Event Management™ solution and Global Logistics Network to improve delivery productivity and performance, and to process more than two million business documents per month;
o  
Singer Equipment achieving significant savings and improved customer service with our MobileLink™ wireless solution;
o  
Williams & Associates choosing our Global Logistics Network as a preferred provider of messaging services;
o  
Panalpina choosing our Global Logistics Network as a preferred provider of messaging services;
o  
Canon Europe completing its pilot and signing a longer-term subscription to deploy our Visibility & Event Management solution for its European operations;
o  
SEKO Worldwide, a freight forwarder, signing up to use our Local Haulage solution to integrate its pick-up and delivery operations;
o  
Grupo Leche Pascual, Spain's leading manufacturer and distributor of dairy, cereal, and beverage products, selecting our Transportation Manager™ solution to manage its network of contract truck carriers and private delivery fleet; and
o  
Country Home Product/DR Power Equipment, a Vermont-based manufacturer of consumer lawn equipment, signing up for our Transportation Manager to manage its contract carriers.
·  
Announced various product enhancements and launches, including our new ocean rate management product, Descartes Rate Builder™; new Delivery Management solutions Descartes Reporting Services™, Descartes Key Performance Indicators™ and an automatic vehicle locator application (Descartes AVL™); new services and enhancements on the Global Logistics Network, including Descartes Local Haulage, Descartes Multimodal Track & Trace™; and
·  
In December 2005, we announced that STAPLES® Business Depot™ and other participants in the Supply Chain Network Project™ had selected Descartes’ Delivery Management suite to be used in Canada’s first end-to-end radio frequency identification (RFID) pilot.

2005
In the early part of fiscal 2005 we were presented with a number of business challenges. In May 2004 we announced that (i) we were undertaking a review of our 2004 financial statements which were previously released in unaudited form, (ii) we had terminated the employment of our then-CEO, Mr. Manuel Pietra, and (iii) our first quarter revenues would be materially below previously announced expectations. Following these announcements we were named as a defendant in securities class action lawsuits initiated in the US.

5

To meet the challenges, we appointed an interim Office of the CEO that included our then-EVP Strategic Development, Arthur Mesher, and our CFO, Brandon Nussey, who had been appointed to that position in March 2004. We completed the audit of our 2004 financial statements, and determined to make certain adjustments to the previously announced unaudited financial statements, including reducing revenues by $1.9 million; increasing the loss per share by $0.16; decreasing total assets by approximately $6.6 million; and decreasing total liabilities by $0.2 million. We undertook significant expense reduction initiatives designed to produce recurring quarterly expense savings, which initiatives included reducing our workforce by approximately 45%, closing numerous global offices (particularly in the Asia Pacific geographic region) and exiting various operating contracts.

By the latter half of 2005, we had made significant advances in meeting these challenges. We settled all securities class action lawsuits for $1.5 million (with a contribution of $1.1 million from our insurers and the balance being contributed by us). We appointed Arthur Mesher as our CEO. We completed the expense reduction initiative and reduced our quarterly expenses in the fourth quarter of 2005 to $12.0 million from $33.8 million in the second quarter when the initiatives were commenced. By the fourth quarter of 2005 we had significantly improved our operating performance from earlier in the year, which resulted in our cash position increasing by $2.4 million from the end of the third quarter and in our GAAP loss being further reduced.

In addition to these challenges and changes, we had the following business and product developments in 2005:
·  
Launched an industry-focused program to enable companies to measure the costs and benefits of RFID across a company’s supply chain;
·  
Our board of directors adopted a shareholder rights plan to ensure the fair treatment of shareholders in connection with any take-over offer and to provide the board and shareholders with additional time to fully consider any unsolicited take-over bid;
·  
Consolidated our operations in Waterloo, Ontario and Atlanta, Georgia and closed various regional offices in the US, Brazil, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Hong Kong and China;
·  
Signed a three-year global messaging gateway deal with British Airways World Cargo, one of the largest air cargo carriers;
·  
Announced that Autozone, CVS/Pharmacy, Ashley Furniture Industries and Peapod, all market-leaders in their respective fields, were expanding their implementations of our solutions; and
·  
Announced that Ferrellgas, a leading US propane distributor, was successfully deploying our real-time Routing & Scheduling solution.

2004
We had the following business and product developments in 2004:
·  
Launched LNOS, a flexible architectural framework that is designed to enable increased development flexibility and ease of product integration and to provide a common look and feel across our products;
·  
Named a Microsoft Certified Partner and a Microsoft Business Solutions ISV (independent software vendor) partner;
·  
Committed to the Microsoft development platform, commonly known as .NET;
·  
Introduced instant messaging capabilities for our Transportation Manager solution using the Microsoft Office Live Communications Server 2003;
·  
Launched our Automated Manifest Service™, to address the market need for ocean manifest messaging under the new United States of America Customs and Border Patrol Container Security Initiative (“CSI”);
·  
Launched global user group to share product release information and obtain customer feedback on future product direction;
·  
Purchased for cancellation $45.0 million aggregate principal amount of our convertible debentures through a wholly owned subsidiary for $43.3 million, including costs associated with the offer; and
·  
Purchased for cancellation 11,578,000 of our common shares for an aggregate cost of $27.2 million including costs associated with the offer.
 
 
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3.3 Trends
 
Rapid technological change and frequent new product introductions and enhancements characterize the software and network services industries - particularly for supply chain technology companies. Organizations are increasingly requiring greater levels of functionality and more sophisticated product offerings. Accordingly, we expect that our future success will be dependent upon our ability to enhance current products or develop and introduce new products offering enhanced performance and functionality at competitive prices. In particular, customers are looking for end-to-end solutions that combine business document exchange and wireless mobile resource management applications (MRM) with end-to-end supply chain execution management (SCEM) applications, such as transportation management, routing & scheduling and inventory visibility. Additionally, the continued growth in global trade creates a need to comply with new and stricter security regulations which sometimes mandate electronic logistics messaging. There is also growing acceptance of subscription pricing and software-as-a-service business models that create more affordable options for small and medium-size enterprises.
 
 

ITEM 4
NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS


4.1  Company Overview
We are a global provider of on-demand, software-as-a-service logistics technology solutions that help our customers deliver. Using our technology solutions, companies reduce costs, save time, and enhance the service that they deliver to their own customers. Our technology-based solutions, which consist of services and software, provide connectivity and business document exchange, route planning and wireless dispatch, inventory and asset visibility, rate management, transportation management, and warehouse optimization. Our pricing model provides companies with flexibility in purchasing our solutions on either a license or subscription basis. Our primary focus is on distribution-sensitive companies where delivery is either a key or a defining part of their own product or service offering, or provides opportunities for cost efficiencies.

4.2  Principal Products & Services
In 2006, we developed and executed a new go-to-market strategy: to take a common set of solutions and package them specifically for our two identified customer groups: (a) manufacturers, retailers and distributors (“MRD”), served by our Delivery Management suite; and (b) transportation providers and LSPs served by our Global Logistics Network.

(a)    Descartes Delivery Management Suite

The Descartes Delivery Management suite integrates design, planning, execution, performance management and messaging solutions that help our MRD customers and their LSPs to optimize inbound and outbound delivery performance. The suite helps address business challenges including (i) strategic delivery planning; (ii) warehouse optimization; (iii) daily planning; (iv) reservations; (v) transportation management; (vi) supply chain visibility; (vii) mobile solutions; and (viii) reporting and measuring.

(i)  Strategic Planning: Descartes Sales & Territory Planner
For strategic delivery planning, Descartes Sales & Territory Planner performs complex service scheduling that simultaneously considers daily, weekly and multi-week deliveries as well as holidays and other non-working days. It also evaluates geographic distribution and sales potential for each customer to help establish optimal territories and routes. Factors considered include minimizing travel time and related costs, and balancing opportunities across members of the sales team. Additional parameters such as stops, miles and sales volume can also be used to help determine routes and route schedules for sales, delivery or both.

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(ii)  Warehouse Optimization: Descartes DC Optimizer
Descartes DC Optimizer includes a powerful warehouse organization simulation tool that helps explore “what-if” scenarios of warehouse layouts and slotting decisions before committing to big changes and the costs associated with them.

        (iii)  Daily Planning: Descartes Route Plannerand Descartes Route Planner RS™
As each new order is placed, Descartes’ Daily Planning solutions re-optimize in real-time, allocating resources to help maximize operating efficiencies; deliver priority service to the most profitable accounts and routes; and maintain overall customer service objectives. Descartes’ Daily Planning solutions are designed to integrate with existing order management or transportation planning systems, and can help companies reduce costs as a result of shorter routes, reduced fuel consumption and enhanced fleet utilization.

(iv) Reservations: Descartes Reservations
Descartes Reservations facilitates on-line scheduling of deliveries or service — either for self-service or as a decision support tool for customer service agents. It helps companies to effectively tailor service to the demands of key customers while helping to achieve internal profitability goals. Descartes Reservations also confirms that requests can be met and locks in the appointment, making Descartes Reservations an effective capable-to-promise tool.

(v) Transportation Management: Descartes Transportation Manager
Descartes Transportation Manager helps logistics managers, shippers and third parties simultaneously evaluate shipment alternatives to find efficient shipping methods. It optimizes transportation purchases for both operational effectiveness and cost efficiency, and helps answer tough questions such as: "How can I effectively use all of my carrier contracts?"; "Who is the most suitable carrier in this mode to handle my shipment?"; What shipments can I combine to lower my costs?"; and, "What combination methods should I use — aggregation, multi-stop routes or pooling?”

(vi)  Supply Chain Visibility: Descartes Visibility & Event Managementand Descartes Turnaround Documents
Descartes Supply Chain Visibility solutions help improve logistics efficiency by enabling companies to foresee order failures before they happen. Companies can achieve line-item level visibility across multiple modes of transportation by connecting to trading partners; systematically sharing data in the form of electronic messages such as purchase orders acknowledgements, advanced shipment notices and carrier status/proof of delivery; and monitoring the order process using alerts to flag potential order failures and enable proactive resolution.

(vii)  Mobile Solutions: Descartes MobileLink, Descartes Dispatch™, Descartes Dispatch RS™, Descartes Automated Vehicle Locator (AVL)
Descartes MobileLink provides integrated two-way wireless communication and passive monitoring capabilities for enhanced logistics execution. By combining route planning and a free flow of information between dispatchers and the field, Descartes MobileLink extends the traditional route planning process and provides real-time visibility into the execution of the plan. Descartes Dispatch facilitates the assignment and execution of multiple or same-day pick-ups and deliveries. Descartes AVL helps improve customer responsiveness through real-time status updates, forward predictability and enhanced exception alerting, which can reduce the need to track every aspect of a schedule and instead emphasize the implications of service interruptions and exceptions.

                (viii)  Reporting and Measuring: Descartes Reporting Services and Descartes KPI Metrics
Descartes Reporting Services helps companies create and distribute reports as well as send internal queries within an organization or external queries to suppliers, vendors, sub-contractors or carriers. It
 
 
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provides a simple, secure way to create customized delivery statistics and metrics. Descartes KPI Metrics includes a rule-based engine created specifically to measure supply chain activities over time.  It can help simplify the creation and management of supply chain scorecards and, as a byproduct, can help identify best practices.

(b)    Global Logistics Network

Our Global Logistics Network is a multimodal network of transportation providers and their customers that facilitates the interchange of logistics information and provides services that leverage that information. The Global Logistics Network helps companies better manage their logistics book-to-bill process, track inventory, meet regulatory requirements, optimize fleet performance, and effectively communicate with their logistics partners. Our Global Logistics Network services can be principally categorized as: (i) Logistics Messaging Services; (ii) Rate Management Services; (iii) Regulatory and Compliance Services; and (iv) Value-Added Applications.
 
         (i)         Logistics Messaging Services
The Global Logistics Network features multimodal messaging services that simplify cargo and freight management by providing electronic services to the cargo industry and to companies who engage in import, export and domestic transportation activities. Our Messaging Services provide a secure, reliable transaction exchange for retailers, suppliers and vendors, plus connectivity services that include trading partner ramp-up programs, data standards and protocol conversion, transportation-specific document compliance, audit and error checking, and archiving. We have several services that help our customers:

Descartes LogiMan™
Descartes' LogiMan solution simplifies cargo management by providing comprehensive global visibility and statistical monitoring services of air, road and ocean freight shipments. It links the cargo transportation chain from cargo booking to final delivery confirmation, helping to improve freight management efficiency, reduce costs for participants and improve customer responsiveness.

Descartes PC Pro™
Freight forwarders use Descartes PC Pro, an electronic forwarding system, to help improve freight booking capacity, send electronic waybills and ensure that consignments are handled quickly and efficiently at freight terminals around the world. We give forwarders access to an electronic infrastructure that connects them with their customers and logistics partners.

Descartes Turnaround Documents™ and Descartes eForms™
Our Turnaround Documents service provides a way to move data from one document into another to reduce data entry time and errors, as well as enable improved visibility to orders as they move through the logistics process. Turnaround Documents collects data from underlying logistics documents in the Global Logistics Network, such as a purchase order, and turns it into an editable “webform” that lets internal teams as well as suppliers and buyers populate and respond with the relevant information. Descartes eForms is an email-based forms service for the Global Logistics Network designed to allow less technologically sophisticated transportation carriers and manufacturers to easily transmit or receive messages.

Descartes Message Quality Monitor™
Descartes Message Quality Monitor uses the power of the Global Logistics Network to connect to the major airlines and monitor the message flow to and from a back-office system. We display error messages and “received” status events, enabling users to take immediate action for any discrepancies.

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Descartes Data Integrity Services™
Descartes Data Integrity Services monitors messages and their delivery continuously to identify and report errors. Once an error is identified, we contact trading partners and coordinate the correction and re-submission of inaccurate data. The service also provides periodic summary reports by trading partner, message type and error type.

Descartes Cargo 2000™
Descartes Cargo 2000 allows users to monitor shipments at a master air waybill level from airport to airport, assisting users in complying with Cargo 2000 certification. Information provided by the system includes quality report compilation, shipment status, exception alerts, route map creation, and departure time reporting. This information enables better decision-making for fulfilling customer expectations and ensures standardized processes for improved service levels.
 
        (ii)           Descartes Rate Management
Many factors go into bottom-line calculations of rates, including inland charges, fuel adjustments and currency conversions. Our web-enabled solutions and services help transportation providers make better pricing decisions, get faster quotes to their customers to close more business, enhance contract management processes and improve customer satisfaction levels. A centralized rate database lets customers access contractual commitments to make better decisions about shipment fulfillment processes, including booking/tendering acceptance and routing. The services include the following:

Descartes Ocean Negotiator
Designed to help shippers and carriers develop “smart” contracting strategies, Descartes Ocean Negotiator helps determine the best way to move containerized cargo via ocean carriers. It helps shippers and carriers interact electronically and standardize their service contract planning, request, quotation, analysis and carrier selection processes. Ocean carriers can standardize data requirements and bid formats across their shipper community using our solution, while shippers have a consistent, cost-effective way to initiate the request-for-pricing (“RFP”) process or to respond to any proposals or amendments initiated by a carrier through a multi-step process such as RFP definition, carrier communication, decision support and term specification.

Descartes Rate Builder™ (for Carriers)
Descartes Rate Builder for Carriers is an on-demand solution that helps carriers manage global rates, contracts and rate agreements more efficiently and meet regulatory obligations, Descartes Rate enables companies to create, revise, store and distribute rates via the internet. Once they are generated, Descartes Rate Builder stores all rates in a central database with controlled access privileges. Carriers can designate a “contract owner” who can allow multiple users to contribute during the drafting of a new contract or amendment. It also maintains strict version control and clearly notes changes between versions.

Descartes Rate Builder (for Non-Vessel Operating Common Carriers (NVOCCs)) 
Descartes Rate Builder for NVOCCs is a solution designed to effectively manage a global rate network and help enable LSPs to create and manage both buy-side and sell-side rates digitally; enforce a standardized global pricing policy; and implement a global rate request process. Descartes Rate Builder also gives LSPs the ability to centralize disparate rate management systems into a single, global system that can optimize global rate management processes and effectively leverage rate information to improve productivity, profitability and customer service.

Descartes WebSimonand MyWebSimon™
Designed to help ocean carriers use the Internet to securely manage their own rate (pricing) information across a global enterprise, Descartes WebSimon enables companies to retrieve ocean
 
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transportation rules, inland charges, locations, service contracts, rates and all related surcharges. Users can look up a rate for a specific ocean movement, and any additional connected rail or road movements. They can also determine the cost associated with the movement and save, forward, or print the results. MyWebSimon, a branded extension of Descartes WebSimon, is intended for use by the carrier’s customers via the carrier’s own web site. It offers functionality similar to WebSimon and enables the carrier to showcase its own logo and screen colors, with our solution serving as the behind-the-scenes technology enabler. WebSimon and MyWebSimon also allow users to create booking requests online.

Descartes Ocean Freight Audit™
We help eliminate the manual audit processes for ocean freight invoices with our Ocean Freight Audit solution. The solution takes bills of lading messages and automatically audits them against the digitized ocean contracts in Descartes Rate Builder.

        (iii)         Descartes Regulatory & Compliance Services
Our Regulatory & Compliance services help companies meet regulatory requirements for international shipments for international customs agencies and security initiatives. Some of the requirements supported include US Customs and Border Protection’s (CBP) Automated Export System; CBP’s Automated Manifest System; in-bond shipment details; and the Advance Commercial Information reporting for the Canadian Border Services Agency. We offer different methods to transmit shipment information to customs authorities or the carriers, which helps to ensure the smooth delivery of cargo as it moves through ports and airports, and ultimately to the customer.

Descartes Automated Manifest Service™
For carriers, freight forwarders, NVOCCs and shippers, our Automated Manifest Service offers a solution to enable firms to comply with US customs security initiatives. To accommodate customers’ varying technical capabilities, we offer options that range from a user-friendly webform that permits manual entry of cargo manifest information to a tightly integrated system-to-system EDI connection.

Descartes Customs Compliance
Descartes Customs Compliance provides customs compliance services to assist transportation providers and LSPs with imports and/or exports to Canada, the United States of America, India and the Netherlands. With our recent acquisition of ViaSafe, the Global Logistics Network now offers an enhanced range of services to help carriers and LSPs negotiate increasingly complex document exchange requirements brought about by new international security initiatives and tightened borders. In addition, ViaSafe's ViaTrade service enables customs brokers to receive electronic manifests and invoices from carriers so the manifest can be mapped to the Canadian and US customs release systems.

Descartes Ocean Compliance
Descartes Ocean Compliance helps ocean carriers comply with Federal Maritime Commission requirements, and also helps manage the rate information for cargo that moves according to the terms of a privately-negotiated service contract or NVOCC Service Arrangement rather than the public rates of a tariff.

Descartes Electronic In-Bond
Specifically for carriers, Descartes Electronic In-Bond helps transmit the necessary advance electronic cargo information to the US CBP regarding inbound shipments prior to their arrival in the United States. Using approved EDI protocols for the transmission of advance cargo information, we help carriers complete the requirements for filing and receive in-bond movement authorization within minutes instead of hours or even days.

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(iv)          Other Value-Added Global Logistics Network Services

Descartes Local Haulage
Descartes Local Haulage helps automate the load tendering, proof-of-delivery and invoice settlement processes. We help companies connect their carriers for the electronic transfer and receipt of transportation documents. Information is captured and stored to help manage the transportation processes and capture necessary data to automate the audit and approval of freight invoices for payment.

Descartes Multimodal Track & Trace
Descartes Multimodal Track & Trace gives transportation providers and LSPs the ability to understand the current status of shipments. We help companies contact their carriers and enable the electronic receipt of shipment status details. Status information is available for viewing and reporting via a web browser, and customers can brand their web sites to offer a custom tracking solution for their customers.

Descartes Visibility & Event Management 
Descartes Visibility & Event Management connects companies to their customers' order management systems to manage purchase orders, acknowledgements and shipping documents. Details are captured within the Descartes Visibility & Event Management database, which provides access to line-item details and updated status information.
 
(c)    Consulting, Implementation and Training Services

Our consultants provide a variety of professional services to customers. These services include project management and consulting services to assist in configuration, implementation and deployment of our solutions. We offer a variety of site-specific technical and consulting services to assist in all phases of the implementation process. We also provide assistance in integrating our products with the customer's existing software. In addition, we offer training services that provide customers with a formalized program to ensure that applications are implemented and utilized in an efficient and cost-effective manner.

(d)    Customer Service and Support and Maintenance

We are committed to deploying customer support practices consistent with those of large software and network companies. We provide worldwide support to our customers through our central support center. Customer support is available 24-hours-a-day, 7-days-per-week via telephone, fax or email.
 
4.3  Revenue Sources
 
We generate our revenues from sales of each of the services and products identified in the previous section, which are sometimes sold on a stand-alone basis and sometimes sold in bundles of services and products. As such, we do not measure our revenues by the particular services or products referenced above. Instead, we measure our revenue performance based on whether the customer is buying a license to our technology, or is buying technology services or other services from us. Based on this, our revenues are measured in the following two categories: (a) services revenues, composed of (i) ongoing transactional fees for use of our services and products by our customers; (ii) professional services revenues from consulting, implementation and training services related to our services and products; and (iii) maintenance, subscription and other related revenues, which include revenues associated with maintenance and support of our services and products; and (b) license revenues derived from licenses to our customers to use our software products.

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The following table sets forth our revenue sources for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2006 and 2005:

Revenues
Fiscal year ended January 31
 
                                        2006
                   2005
   
Amount
(US dollars
in millions)
Percentage of Total
Revenues
Amount
(US dollars
in millions)
Percentage of Total
Revenues
   
Services
40.8
89%
41.8
90%
 
License
4.9
11%
4.6
10%
 
Total revenues
45.7
100%
46.4
100%
 

 
4.4  Customer Base
 
Our customers are globally diverse, located in the Americas, Asia Pacific and Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) regions. Customers range from small- and medium-size enterprises to established “blue-chip” leaders across a variety of industry verticals. Customers include manufacturers, retailers, consumer product goods suppliers, distributors, transportation carriers, third-party logistics providers, freight forwarders, as well as companies in industries such as healthcare, pharmaceuticals, oil and gas, data management and logistics and procurement exchanges.

In the fiscal year ended January 31, 2006, 69% of our revenues were derived from the Americas, 27% were derived from EMEA and the remaining 4% of revenues were derived from Asia Pacific.

4.5  Sales and Marketing
 
(a)     Sales Force
Our sales force is expected to sell across our solutions, targeting specific industry verticals and geographies. At present, we sell most of our products and services through a direct sales team that is focused primarily on the North American and EMEA markets, with particular expertise and business contacts in the targeted verticals. Channel partners, such as distributors and value-added resellers, play a central role in our strategy to address global customers, particularly in the Asia Pacific region and in Latin America. As of January 31, 2006, we employed a total of 44 individuals in sales and marketing and had relationships with approximately 20 distributors and resellers.

We are headquartered in Waterloo, Ontario. Our primary representative office in the United States is in Atlanta, Georgia. In Europe, the primary representative offices are in Sweden and the United Kingdom. In Asia Pacific, the primary representative offices are in Australia and Singapore.

(b)     Strategic Marketing Alliances
We also form strategic alliances with various companies in different geographic markets, in different industries and for different products with the goal of expanding our market base. Typically, an alliance participant will market our products in certain geographic and vertical markets and refer customers to us, in exchange for a fee in respect of new customers generated by the alliance participant. Additionally, we have established several working relationships with telecommunication companies, management consulting firms, and complementary hardware and software firms.
 
4.6  Research and Development
 
We believe that our future success depends in large part on our ability to maintain and enhance our current product lines. Accordingly, we invest in product development to ensure that sufficient resources are focused on developing new products or enhancements to our existing products. We believe that such expenditures are critical
 
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to our success. In the year ended January 31, 2006, we incurred research and development expenses of approximately $7.0 million, or approximately 15% of our annual consolidated revenues for 2006.

We have made substantial investments in research and development over the last several years. Our growth and future financial performance will depend in part on our ability to enhance existing applications, develop and introduce new applications that keep pace with technological advances, meet changing customer requirements, respond to competitive products and achieve market acceptance.

Our research and development program requires a high degree of detail in business analysis, technical design, and quality assurance. Particular expertise in solving operations research or logistics problems is a benefit to us, as is practical experience in dealing with the day-to-day challenges that our customers face in dealing with logistics providers and deliveries in general. We believe that we are well positioned to address our needs internally, however, we continue to evaluate potential new employees to help us expand or expedite our development processes as needed.

During 2006, we completed the migration of the majority of our applications to the LNOS architecture. A service-oriented architecture providing distributed, scalable and reliable deployment options, the LNOS architecture speeds development and deployment of industry solution sets based on our supply chain suites.

To build applications, we have implemented an application development process based on a six-month cycle. The cycle requires one month for solution analysis and design, three months for building, one month for review and quality assurance testing, and one month for packaging the application and training our pre-sales and post-sales representatives.

Utilizing this six-month release schedule, most generally available products were upgraded in 2006. We delivered a number of new products in 2006 including Descartes Rate Builder, Descartes Local Haulage and Descartes Multimodal Track & Trace for the Global Logistics Network; and Descartes Automated Vehicle Locator (AVL) and Descartes Reporting Services for the Delivery Management Suite. 

We currently plan to provide one or more releases for our generally available products in 2007 in alignment with the six month release schedule. Enhancements not yet generally commercially available are in internal alpha and beta testing. Once our internal testing is complete and, where applicable, additional testing is done with beta customers, we will release the enhancements for general commercial use. We estimate that the costs for these additional activities will not be significant in comparison to our historical expenditures on research and development activities.
 
4.7  Competition
 
Although we have experienced limited competition to-date from companies with broad application suites with comparable capabilities, the market for our applications is nevertheless highly competitive and subject to rapid technological change and we expect competition to increase in the future. On an application-by-application basis, especially in markets where similar technology has been available for some time such as routing software and value-added networks, we do experience competition from established vendors. However, we have found that our particular expertise in solving complex logistics problems on a network basis has enabled us to remain competitive. On a geographic basis, we experience competition from both multinational companies and local competitors. We face some disadvantage in entering new markets where competitors may have existing solutions with user interfaces that are advanced in local language presentation. To maintain and improve our competitive position on a global basis, we continue to develop and introduce new applications with the functionality to be easily adapted to local user interface needs (either by Descartes or its distributors in a particular region).

We compete or may compete, directly or indirectly, with the following: (i) application software vendors positioned as supply chain execution and other vendors, such as i2 Technologies, Inc.; (ii) internal development
 
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efforts by corporate information technology departments; (iii) middleware vendors that provide integration software, such as Webmethods, Inc.; (iv) application software vendors, including enterprise resource planning software vendors who may expand their current offerings into supply chain network service offerings, some of whom may from time to time jointly market our products as a complement to their own systems, such as SAP AG and Oracle Corporation; (v) other business application software vendors, including supply chain planning software vendors that may broaden their product offerings by internally developing, or by acquiring or partnering with, independent developers of supply chain network solutions, particularly on the execution (rather than planning) side, such as JDA Software Group Inc. and Manhattan Associates, Inc.; (vi) other value-added network messaging networks, such as Global eXchange Services, Inc. and Traxon AG; and (vii) other customs compliance solution providers, such as Flagship Customs Services Inc. We also expect to face additional competition as other established and emerging companies enter the market for supply chain network solutions and new products and technologies are introduced. In addition, current and potential competitors may make strategic acquisitions or establish co-operative relationships among themselves or with third parties, thereby increasing the ability of their products to address the needs of our prospective customers.

The principal competitive factors affecting the market for our solutions include vendor and product reputation; expertise and experience in implementing products in the customer's industry sector; product architecture, functionality and features; cost of ownership; ease and speed of implementation; customer support; product quality, price and performance; and product attributes such as flexibility, scalability, compatibility, functionality and ease of use. In order to be successful in the future, we must continue to respond promptly and effectively to technological change and competitors' innovations.
 
4.8  Intellectual Property and Other Proprietary Rights 
 
Our success depends significantly on our proprietary technology. We rely primarily on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, license agreements, non-disclosure agreements and other contractual provisions to establish, maintain and protect our proprietary rights in our products and technology. Some registered forms of protection, such as patents, copyright and trademark registrations, have a limited period of protection determined by the applicable law governing the registration. Other contractual forms of protection, such as license and non-disclosure agreements, have a limited contractual period of protection. The source codes and routing algorithms for our applications and technology are protected both as trade secrets and as unregistered copyrighted works with indefinite periods of protection. We currently have one US patent for technology used in our dynamic vehicle routing application and have another US patent, based on a patent that has been issued to us in the Netherlands, for certain technological processes contained in our network architecture, each with a limited period of protection determined by the applicable laws governing the patents. We have registered or applied for registration of certain trademarks and service marks with limited periods of protection, and will continue to evaluate the registration of additional trademarks and service marks as appropriate.

We also utilize certain other software technologies, such as geographic data, shipping rate data, translation applications and business intelligence applications that we license from third parties, generally on a non-exclusive basis, including software that is integrated with internally developed software and used in our products to perform key functions. These third-party licenses generally require the payment of royalties based on sales of the product in which the technology is used.

Our network customers may use electronic logistics information generated by the customer, or by third parties on behalf of the customer, in connection with the customer’s use of our network services. Our customers are responsible for procuring and paying for the generation of such electronic logistics information and the right to use such electronic logistics information in connection with our network services.

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4.9   Contracts
 
(a)    Customer Contracts
We license our software products to our customers primarily by way of written license agreements. The license agreements specify the applicable terms and restrictions of use of the software, the terms and conditions of any enrolment by the customer in our software maintenance program, and the applicable fees to be paid by the customer.

We provide our supply chain services to our customers primarily by way of written subscription agreement. The subscription agreement sets out the applicable terms and restrictions of use of the service, the length of time the customer can use the service, and the applicable fees to be paid by the customer. Typically, these subscription agreements renew at a customer’s option and, in some cases, are subject to earlier termination by the customer on appropriate notice.

We depend on our installed customer base for a significant portion of our revenues. In addition, our installed customer base has historically generated additional new license and service revenues for us. If our customers fail to renew their service contracts or fail to purchase additional services or products, then our revenues could decrease and our operating results could be adversely affected. Further, certain of our customers could delay or terminate implementations of our services and products or be reluctant to migrate to new products for various reasons, including budgetary constraints related to economic uncertainty; dissatisfaction with product or service quality; difficulty in prioritizing a surplus of information technology projects; or changes in business strategy or priorities or for other reasons. Such customers will not generate the revenues anticipated within the timelines anticipated, if at all, and may be less likely to invest in additional services or products from us in the future. This could have an adverse impact on our operating results. We anticipate and have planned our expenditures assuming that in 2007 we will have some customers who either stop using our products and services, or who amend their contracts or use of the products or services such that their aggregate payments to us will decrease.

(b) Outsourcing Contracts
We deliver some of our supply chain services over our proprietary networks, which are hosted by commercial hosting providers such as Emergis Inc., Nocom AB, Q9 Networks Inc. and SunGuard Availability Services Inc. These hosting contracts, on which we are substantially dependent as they relate to the delivery of our network services, typically contemplate services to be provided for a term at a defined service level, with applicable rights of termination and renewal. We typically pay monthly fees under these contracts, most often based on the volume of network activity flowing through the hosting provider. If any of these contracts were terminated without our consent, we could incur substantial costs in migrating to an alternate hosting provider. In such an event, the costs and related management effort could materially adversely affect our operating results and the service that we provide to our customers.

In the fiscal year ended January 31, 2005, we used a third-party provider to assist with the offshore development of certain of our supply chain products. This relationship ended in October 2004 as we reduced costs in connection with our restructuring initiative first announced in May 2004.

 
4.10  Employees
 
As at January 31, 2006, we employed 224 full-time staff. Of the 224 employees, 54 of the individuals were engaged in customer service roles (which includes customer support, activations and implementation services), 63 were in research and development roles, 44 were engaged in sales and marketing roles, 37 in network and product support roles and 26 were in general administration roles. Geographically, 190 employees were located in North America, 25 were located in Europe, and 9 were located in Asia Pacific.
 
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4.11  Risks Associated with Foreign Sales and Exchange Rate Fluctuations
 
In the fiscal year ending January 31, 2006, sales outside of the Americas accounted for approximately 31% of our total revenues. Our international revenues are subject to risks associated with foreign sales, including longer collection times from foreign customers (particularly in the Asia Pacific region), difficulty in repatriating cash from foreign jurisdictions, unexpected changes in legal and regulatory requirements, export restrictions, changes in tariffs, exchange rates and other trade barriers, political and economic instability, difficulties in accounts receivable collection, difficulties in management of distributors or representatives, difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations, difficulties in protecting our intellectual property, seasonality of sales, language issues and potentially adverse tax consequences. There can be no assurance that any of these factors will not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In particular, although substantially all of our sales to date outside of Canada have been denominated in US dollars, adverse fluctuations in the value of the US dollar in relation to foreign currencies may affect our sales to foreign customers. Further currency control restrictions in foreign jurisdictions may adversely affect our ability to collect funds in US currency, if at all, or on a timely basis. A significant majority of our revenues are realized in US dollars, while a larger comparative proportion of our expenses are incurred in non-US dollars such as Canadian dollars and other local currencies. Fluctuations in exchange rates between the US dollar, the Canadian dollar and other currencies may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
4.12   Risks Associated with Cyclical or Seasonal Aspects of Business
 
Our business may be impacted from time to time by the general cyclical and seasonal nature of particular modes of transportation and the freight market in general, as well as the cyclical and seasonal nature of the industries that such markets serve. Factors which may create cyclical fluctuations in such modes of transportation or the freight market in general include legal and regulatory requirements, timing of contract renewals between our customers and their own customers, seasonal based tariffs, vacation periods applicable to particular shipping or receiving nations, cyclical changes in fuel prices, and amendments to international trade agreements. Since some of our revenues from particular products and services are tied to the volume of shipments being processed, adverse fluctuations in the volume of global shipments or shipments in any particular mode of transportation may affect our revenues and have a material adverse affect on our business, results of operations and/or financial condition.
 
4.13   Reorganizations 
 
During the latter half of fiscal 2003, we restructured our operations with staff terminations (including certain management layers) and certain office closures. This also included certain initiatives that we undertook in facilitating the integration of our global operations, including the consolidation of network infrastructure, further to our acquisition in 2002 of Tradevision AB, a Swedish air messaging firm.

Based on a review of cost levels, on May 6, 2003, we announced we would implement a further downsizing of our global operations by approximately 130 employees. In addition to workforce reductions across all operations, the plans included further consolidation of office facilities, lease terminations, and write-down of redundant assets.

On May 17, 2004, we announced that we were taking actions to significantly reduce our expenses, which actions included a downsizing of our global staff by approximately 130 employees, or approximately 35% of our total staff. These reductions were focused on our regional operational structure and resulted in a significantly smaller global direct sales force and management level of the organization. In addition, we announced that we would be closing certain offices, and canceling certain leases, consulting and other operating contracts. We announced that we expected to record restructuring charges of approximately $5.5 million to $6.5 million. In addition, we identified that we would be examining whether certain assets were redundant as a result of the cost reduction initiatives. On September 2, 2004 we announced that we had identified additional opportunities for cost savings and efficiencies and, accordingly, in executing on these expense reduction activities our workforce ended up being reduced by approximately 45%.
 
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4.14   Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
 
Our Board of Directors has adopted our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) applicable to our directors, officers and employees. A copy of the Code is available on our website and has been filed on and is accessible through SEDAR at www.sedar.com. The Code sets out in detail the core values and principles by which the Corporation is governed and addresses topics such as: honest and ethical conduct; conflicts of interest; compliance with applicable laws and our policies and procedures; public disclosure and books and records; use of corporate assets and opportunities; confidentiality of corporate information; reporting responsibilities and procedures; health and safety; and non-retaliation.
 
 

ITEM 5
RISK FACTORS

 
Reference is made to the section entitled “Certain Factors That May Affect Future Results” in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in our 2006 Annual Report for the year ended January 31, 2006 in respect of US GAAP, made available to all of our shareholders and filed with various securities regulators, which section is incorporated herein by reference. This information is available on the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com and on the EDGAR website at www.sec.gov.
 
 

ITEM 6
MARKET FOR SECURITIES AND RELATED SECURITYHOLDER MATTERS

 
6.1      Common Shares
We are authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares, without par value, for unlimited consideration. The common shares are not redeemable or convertible. Each common share carries the right to receive notice of and one vote at a meeting of shareholders; the right to participate in any distribution of our assets on liquidation, dissolution or winding up; and the right to receive dividends if, as and when declared by the Board of Directors. As of April 30, 2006 there were 45,174,149 common shares outstanding. The common shares are listed on the TSX under the symbol “DSG” and quoted on Nasdaq under the symbol “DSGX”.

6.2      Transfer Agent and Registrar
The register of transfers of common shares is located in the offices of our stock transfer agent: Computershare Investor Services, Inc., 100 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5J 2Y1.

6.3      Escrowed Common Shares
To the best of our knowledge, the number of common shares held in escrow at April 30, 2006 and the percentage that number of escrowed shares represents of the total number of outstanding common shares at April 30, 2006 are included in the following table. The escrow agent for all shares held in escrow is Computershare Trust Company of Canada. The beneficiaries of the escrow (the “Beneficiaries”) are three former shareholders of ViaSafe, a corporation which we purchased in April 2006.
 
Type of Security
Number of Common Shares Held in Escrow
Percentage of Outstanding Common Shares
Common Shares
230,849
0.5%
 
 
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The common shares will be released from escrow to each Beneficiary in their proportionate share on the schedule set out in the following table, provided the Beneficiary continues to be employed by us. A Beneficiary’s proportionate share of the escrowed common shares will be immediately released from the escrow in certain defined circumstances defined in the escrow agreement, including the death or disability of that Beneficiary, or the termination of that Beneficiary’s employment without “cause”.
 
Date of Release
Number of Common Shares Released
May 7, 2006
14,959
June 7, 2006
14,959
July 7, 2006
14,959
August 7, 2006
14,959
September 7, 2006
14,959
October 7, 2006
14,959
November 7, 2006
12,443
December 7, 2006
12,443
January 7, 2007
12,443
February 7, 2007
12,443
March 7, 2007
12,443
April 7, 2007
12,443
May 7, 2007
11,081
June 7, 2007
11,081
July 7, 2007
11,081
August 7, 2007
11,081
September 7, 2007
11,081
October 7, 2007
11,032
 

 
6.4      Dividend Policy
We have not paid any dividends on our common shares to date. We may consider paying dividends on our common shares in the future when operational circumstances permit, having regard to, among other things, our earnings, cash flow and financial requirements as well as relevant legal and business considerations.
 
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6.5      Market for Common Shares
Please see the following table that identifies the marketplaces on which our common shares trade, as well as the monthly price ranges and volume traded on each exchange:
 
 
Common Shares - TSX
Common Shares - Nasdaq
Month
Price Range (Cdn. $)
Average Volume
Price Range (US$)
Average Volume
February 2005
$2.45 - 2.00
126,795
$2.00 - 1.60
58,731
March 2005
$2.73 - 2.06
272,677
$2.20 - 1.70
109,204
April 2005
$2.34 - 1.95
71,438
$1.86 - 1.46
19,061
May 2005
$2.83 - 2.20
177,033
$2.25 - 1.75
29,733
June 2005
$2.78 - 2.45
116,840
$2.27 - 1.90
21,036
July 2005
$3.14 - 2.65
58,010
$2.59 - 2.14
25,130
August 2005
$2.98 - 2.35
65,059
$2.56 - 1.95
11,439
September 2005
$2.87 - 2.50
56,014
$2.45 - 2.10
15,885
October 2005
$2.87 - 2.50
83,385
$2.57 - 2.03
11,723
November 2005
$3.00 - 2.50
197,400
$2.54 - 2.07
19,852
December 2005
$3.75 - 2.78
207,805
$3.40 - 2.35
45,376
January 2006
$4.20 - 3.50
175,252
$3.61 - 3.05
38,020
February 2006
$4.13 - 3.54
153,135
$3.62 - 3.01
26,836
March 2006
$4.56 - 4.07
187,004
$3.91 - 3.51
103,547

6.6      Shareholder Rights Plan
On November 29, 2004, our board of directors approved a shareholder rights plan (the “Rights Plan”) which was ratified, confirmed and approved by our shareholders on May 18, 2005. The primary objectives of the Rights Plan are to ensure that, in the context of an unsolicited bid for control of the Company through an acquisition of our common shares, the following occurs: (i) the board of directors of the Company has sufficient time to explore and develop alternatives for maximizing shareholder value; (ii) there is adequate time for competing bids to emerge; (iii) shareholders have an equal opportunity to participate in such a bid; (iv) shareholders are provided with adequate time to properly assess the bid; and (v) the reduction in the pressure to tender which may be encountered by a shareholder in the course of a bid. The Rights Plan creates a right that attaches to each present and subsequently issued common share. Until the separation time, which typically occurs at the time of an unsolicited takeover bid, whereby an offeror (including persons acting jointly or in concert with the offeror) acquires or attempts to acquire 20% or more of our common shares, the rights are not separable from the common shares, are not exercisable and no separate rights certificates are issued. Each right entitles the holder, other than the 20% offeror, from and after the separation time and before expiration times, to acquire one of our common shares at 50% of the market price at the time of exercise. The Rights Plan must be reconfirmed by shareholders every three years.
 

 
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ITEM 7
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS 

 
7.1      Summary Information
 
The following table sets forth the name, location of residence and office held by each of our executive officers and directors as at April 30, 2006. Each director is elected at the annual meeting of shareholders or appointed pursuant to the provisions of our by-laws and applicable laws to serve until the next annual meeting or until a successor is elected or appointed, subject to earlier resignation by the director. We do not have an Executive Committee.

Name and Location of Residence
 
Office Held
Dr. Stephen Watt(2)(3)(4)
London, Ontario, Canada
 
 
Director, Chairman of the Board
 
James Balsillie(1)(2)(5)
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
 
 
Director
 
David I. Beatson
Hillsborough, California, U.S.A.
 
 
Director
 
J. Ian Giffen(1)(3)(4)(5)
Unionville, Ontario, Canada
 
 
Director
 
Chris Hewat(3)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 
 
Director
 
Arthur Mesher
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
 
 
Director, Chief Executive Officer
 
Olivier Sermet(1)(2)(4)(5)
Walnut Creek, California, U.S.A.
 
 
Director
 
Greg Cronin
Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.
 
 
Executive Vice President, Business Development & Corporate Strategy
 
Chris Jones
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.
 
 
Executive Vice President, Solutions & Markets
 
Brandon Nussey
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
J. Scott Pagan
Cambridge, Ontario, Canada
 
 
General Counsel & Corporate Secretary
 
Edward J. Ryan
Fort Washington, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
 
 
General Manager, Global Logistics Network
 
Mark Weisberger 
Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
 
 
Executive Vice President, Field Operations
 
Notes:
 
(1)
Member of the Audit Committee.
 
(2)
Member of the Compensation Committee.
 
(3)
Member of the Corporate Governance Committee.
 
(4)
Member of the Nominating Committee
 
(5)
Member of the Operations Committee

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Information about each of our directors and executive officers, including his respective principal occupation during at least the five years preceding January 31, 2006, are as follows: 

Dr. Stephen Watt has been an outside member of our board of directors since June 2001. For the past nine years, Dr. Watt has been a professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Western Ontario, and was Chair of the Department from 1997 to 2002.

James Balsillie has been an outside member of our board of directors since November 1996 and is presently Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer of Research in Motion Limited (“RIM”). RIM is a company engaged in the business of designing, manufacturing and marketing innovative wireless solutions for worldwide mobile communications. Mr. Balsillie joined RIM in 1992.

David I. Beatson has been an outside member of our board of directors since March 2006. Since August 2001, Mr. Beatson has been head of Ascent Advisors, LLC, a San Francisco Bay Area consulting firm focusing on strategic planning and mergers and acquisitions. From June 2003 to April 2005, Mr. Beatson was President and Chief Executive Officer of North America for Panalpina, Inc., a world-leading global transportation and logistics supplier based in Basel, Switzerland. Previously, from June 2000 to August 2001, Mr. Beatson served as Chairman and CEO of SupplyLinks, Inc. Mr. Beatson has served as Chairman, President and CEO of Circle International Group, Inc., a global transportation and logistics company, and as President and CEO of US-based air-freight forwarder Emery Worldwide. Mr. Beatson serves as an industry representative member of the Executive Advisory Committee to the National Industrial Transportation League, on the board of directors of PFSweb, Inc. (NASDAQ: PFSW) and on several other corporate and industry boards, including the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals.

J. Ian Giffen has been an outside member of our board of directors since March 2004. Since 1996, he has been a consultant and advisor to/director of software companies and technology investment funds. From January 1992 to January 1996, Mr. Giffen was Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Alias Research, a developer of 3D graphics software. Mr. Giffen is currently a director of publicly-traded 724 Solutions Inc., MKS Inc., and Sierra Systems Group Inc., and a director/advisor to a number of other private companies. Mr. Giffen is a Chartered Accountant and has a Bachelor of Arts degree in business administration from the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow.

Chris Hewat has been an outside member of our board of directors since June 2000. Mr. Hewat has been a partner at the law firm of Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP since 1993, having joined the firm in 1987. Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP provided legal services to us during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2006 and is expected to provide legal services to us in the fiscal year ending January 31, 2007.

Arthur Mesher has been a member of the board of directors since May 2005 and is our Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Mesher first joined our management team in May 1998 and served as Executive Vice President, Corporate Strategy and Business Development until his appointment as Chief Executive Officer in November 2004. Mr. Mesher also occupied the interim Office of the CEO from May 2004 to November 2004 with Mr. Nussey. Mr. Mesher also serves as non-executive Chairman of the Board of Sirit Inc. (TSX:SI).

Olivier Sermet has been an outside member of the board of directors since May 2005. Mr. Sermet was previously CEO and President of Softface, Inc. for four years from 2000 until its sale to Ariba, Inc. in April 2004. Prior to his role at Softface, Inc., Mr. Sermet was Senior Vice-President of Worldwide Field Operations for OnDisplay, Inc. from 1996, through its initial public offering in 1999 and eventual sale to Vignette Corporation in 2000. Prior to OnDisplay, Inc., Mr. Sermet was Vice-President and General Manager for the western half of the US and Canada for Dun and Bradstreet Software, Inc. Mr. Sermet is currently a limited partner with venture capital firms Northwest Venture Associates and Matrix Partners.

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Greg Cronin is our Executive Vice President, Business Development and Corporate Strategy. Mr. Cronin joined Descartes in February 2006. From September 2005 until he joined Descartes, Mr. Cronin was an independent consultant for emerging supply chain companies. From September 2001 to September 2005, Mr. Cronin was CEO of TrenStar, Inc. a leading provider of outsourced mobile asset management solutions. Prior to September 2001, Cronin was CEO of Viewlocity, Inc., one of the first supply chain event management technology providers.

Chris Jones is our Executive Vice President, Solutions & Markets. Mr. Jones joined Descartes in May 2005. From November 2003 until he joined Descartes, Mr. Jones was Senior Vice President in Aberdeen Group's Value Chain Research division where he was responsible for creating a market-leading supply chain and manufacturing research and advisory research practice. Prior to Aberdeen, from September 1998 to January 2003, Mr. Jones was Executive Vice President of Marketing and Corporate Development for SynQuest, Inc., a provider of supply chain planning solutions. Before joining SynQuest, from May 1994 to September 1998 Mr. Jones was Vice President and Research Director for Enterprise Resource Planning Solutions at the Gartner Group.

Brandon Nussey is our Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Nussey joined Descartes’ finance department in May 2000 from Inscriber Technologies. Mr. Nussey held various senior positions in the finance department until his appointment to Senior Vice President, Operations in May 2003. Mr. Nussey was appointed Chief Financial Officer in March 2004. Mr. Nussey also occupied the interim Office of the CEO from May 2004 to November 2004 with Mr. Mesher.

J. Scott Pagan is our General Counsel & Corporate Secretary. Mr. Pagan joined our legal department in May 2000. Mr. Pagan was appointed Corporate Secretary in May 2003, and General Counsel & Corporate Secretary in June 2004. Prior to joining Descartes, Mr. Pagan was in private legal practice.

Edward J. Ryan is our General Manager, Global Logistics Network. Mr. Ryan joined Descartes in February 2000 in connection with our acquisition of E-Transport Incorporated. Since then, Mr. Ryan has occupied various senior sales positions within Descartes, with particular focus on our network and recurring business. Mr. Ryan was appointed General Manager, Global Logistics Network in June 2004.

Mark Weisberger is our Executive Vice President, Field Operations. Mr. Weisberger joined Descartes in May 2005. Prior to joining Descartes, from July 2004 to May 2005, Mr. Weisberger was Senior Vice President for Sychron Inc., a provider of on-demand computing solutions. Prior to Sychron, Mr. Weisberger was Vice President of Field Operations for Softface, Inc. from February 2001 until its sale to Ariba, Inc. in April 2004. Prior to his role at Softface, Inc., Mr. Weisberger was Vice President of Sales for OnDisplay, Inc. from February 1998, through its initial public offering in 1999 and eventual sale to Vignette Corporation in 2000.

To our knowledge, as at April 30, 2006, our directors and executive officers as a group beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, or exercised control or direction over, approximately 91,791 of our common shares, representing approximately 0.2% of the common shares then outstanding.

7.2      Committees of the Board of Directors
 
Our Board of Directors currently has five committees: the Audit Committee; the Compensation Committee; the Corporate Governance Committee; the Nominating Committee; and the Operations Committee. The committees, their mandates and membership are discussed below:
 
Audit Committee
The primary functions of the Audit Committee are to oversee our accounting and financial reporting practices and the audits of our financial statements and to exercise the responsibilities and duties set forth in the Audit Committee charter, including, but not limited to, assisting the Board of Directors in fulfilling its responsibilities in reviewing the following: financial disclosures and internal controls over financial reporting; monitoring the system of internal control; monitoring our compliance with requirements promulgated by any exchange upon
 
23

which our securities are traded, or any governmental or regulatory body exercising authority over us, as are in effect from time to time; selecting the auditors for shareholder approval; reviewing the qualifications, independence and performance of the auditors; and reviewing the qualifications, independence and performance of our financial management.

On March 3, 2006, the Board of Directors adopted an amended audit committee charter setting out the scope of the Audit Committee’s functions, responsibilities and membership requirements. A copy of that charter is attached as Appendix “A” to this AIF.

As of the last day of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2006, the Audit Committee was composed of three outside, unrelated and independent directors: Mr. J. Ian Giffen (Chair), Mr. James Balsillie and Mr. Olivier Sermet. The Board of Directors has resolved that Mr. Giffen is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 401(h)(2) of Regulation S-K and paragraph 8(b) of General Instruction B to Form 40-F promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission and is financially sophisticated for the purposes of NASDAQ Rule 4350(d)(2)(A).

The following sets out the education and experience of the members of the Audit Committee, each of whom is independent and financially literate:
 
James L. Balsillie, B. Comm., M.B.A., C.A. - Mr. Balsillie is Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer of RIM, a leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of innovative wireless solutions for worldwide mobile communications. Mr. Balsillie joined RIM in 1992 and is primarily responsible for directing strategy, business development and finance at the company. Prior to RIM and after completing his M.B.A. at Harvard, Mr. Balsillie held senior positions with Sutherland-Schultz Limited, Prudential-Bache Securities in New York, and the Strategy Consulting and Entrepreneurial Services Group of Ernst & Young.

J. Ian Giffen, C.A., B.A. - Mr. Giffen is a chartered accountant with an extensive technology background. Since 1996 he has acted as a senior advisor and board member to software companies and technology investment funds. From 1992 to 1996, Mr. Giffen was Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Alias Research Inc., a developer of 3D software, which was sold to Silicon Graphics Inc. Mr. Giffen is currently a director of publicly-traded 724 Solutions Inc., MKS Inc., and Sierra Systems Group Inc., and a director/advisor to several private companies.

Olivier Sermet, M.B.A., B.A. - Mr. Sermet was awarded his Masters in Business Administration from Northern Illinois University in 1988. Mr. Sermet was also awarded a degree in Economics and Marketing when concluding his undergraduate studies in France. Mr. Sermet has served in senior financial roles as a director, CEO and President of Softface, Inc. for four years from 2000 until its sale to Ariba, Inc. in April 2004. Prior to his role at Softface, Mr. Sermet was Senior Vice-President of Worldwide Field Operations for OnDisplay, Inc. from 1996, through its initial public offering in 1999 and eventual sale to Vignette Corporation in 2000. Prior to OnDisplay, Mr. Sermet was Vice-President and General Manager for the western half of the US and Canada for Dun and Bradstreet Software, Inc.
 
The Audit Committee has adopted specific policies and procedures for the engagement of non-audit services from our independent auditor. Those procedures are attached at Appendix “B”.

Compensation Committee
The Compensation Committee is appointed by the Board of Directors to discharge the Board of Directors’ duties and responsibilities relating to the compensation of our CEO and other members of management, as well as to review the human resource policies and practices that cover our employees. As of April 30, 2006, the Compensation Committee was composed of three outside, unrelated and independent directors: Mr. James Balsillie (Chair), Mr. Olivier Sermet and Dr. Stephen Watt.
 
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Corporate Governance Committee
The primary function of the Corporate Governance Committee is to assist the Board of Directors in fulfilling its corporate governance oversight responsibilities. The Corporate Governance Committee is currently composed of three outside directors: Dr. Stephen Watt (Chair), Mr. Ian Giffen, and Mr. Chris Hewat, of whom Dr. Stephen Watt and Mr. Ian Giffen are considered unrelated and independent.
 
Nominating Committee
The Nominating Committee’s primary responsibility is to assist the Board of Directors in identifying, recruiting and nominating suitable candidates to serve on the Board of Directors. The Nominating Committee is currently composed of three outside, unrelated and independent directors: Mr. Ian Giffen (Chair), Mr. Olivier Sermet, and Dr. Stephen Watt.

Operations Committee
The primary function of the Operations Committee is to assist the Board of Directors in reviewing the Corporation’s operations and operational performance and to provide counsel to the CEO and senior management on matters relating to the Corporation’s operations. The Operations Committee is currently composed of three outside, unrelated and independent directors: Mr. Olivier Sermet (Chair), Mr. James Balsillie, and Mr. J. Ian Giffen.

7.3      Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
 
Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP (“Blakes”), in which Mr. Hewat, a member of the board of directors, is a partner, provided legal services to us during fiscal 2004, fiscal 2005 and fiscal 2006 and has been and is expected to continue to provide legal services to us in fiscal 2007. For fiscal 2006, we incurred fees of CAD.$358,000 for legal services rendered by Blakes.
 
 

ITEM 8
EXTERNAL AUDITOR

 
Our external auditor is Deloitte & Touche LLP, who is nominated for re-appointment at our annual general meeting of shareholders to be held on May 3, 2006. Deloitte & Touche LLP has been our external auditor since the fiscal year ended January 31, 1997. Deloitte & Touche LLP has confirmed that they are independent with respect to the Company within the meaning of the Rules of Professional Conduct of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ontario. Deloitte & Touche LLP has also confirmed that they are independent with respect to the Company within the meaning of the Securities Acts administered by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and the requirements of the Independence Standards Board.

The following table sets forth the approximate fees we have incurred in using the services of Deloitte & Touche LLP in respect of the applicable fiscal years noted (all amounts in table are in US dollars - amounts that were billed in Canadian dollars are converted to US dollars at the applicable exchange rate on the last day of the applicable fiscal period):

Fiscal Year Ended
Audit Fees
Audit-Related Fees
Tax Fees
All Other Fees
Total
January 31, 2006
$   300,300
$     20,500
$   215,100
$           0
$   535,900
January 31, 2005
$   434,700
$     34,500
$   326,700
$           0
$   795,900
 
 
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ITEM 9
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 
The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to a variety of other claims and suits that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business and are typical in our industry. The consequences of these matters are not presently determinable but, in the opinion of management, the ultimate liability is not expected to have a material effect on our annual results of operations, financial position or capital resources. None of these proceedings involves a claim for damages, exclusive of interest and costs, that exceeds 10% of our current assets.
 

 

ITEM 10
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 
Additional information about us is available at our website at www.descartes.com, on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov. Additional information, including directors’ and officers’ remuneration and indebtedness, principal holders of our securities and securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans, where applicable, is contained in our management information circular dated April 3, 2006 for our annual and special meeting of shareholders to be held on May 3, 2006. Additional financial information is provided in the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements, the notes thereto and the report of our external auditors thereon contained in our Annual Report to the Shareholders for the year ended January 31, 2006 in respect of US GAAP.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
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APPENDIX A
 
THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP INC.
 
CHARTER FOR
THE AUDIT COMMITTEE OF
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
1.      PURPOSE
 
1.    
The primary functions of the Audit Committee are to oversee the accounting and financial reporting practices of the Company and the audits of the Company’s financial statements and to exercise the responsibilities and duties set forth below, including, but not limited to, assisting the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities in reviewing the following: financial disclosures and internal controls over financial reporting; monitoring the system of internal control; monitoring the Company’s compliance with Applicable Requirements (as defined below); selecting the auditors for shareholder approval; reviewing the qualifications, independence and performance of the auditors; and reviewing the qualifications, independence and performance of the Company’s financial management.
 
 
2.      MEMBERSHIP AND ORGANIZATION
 
1.    
Composition— The Audit Committee shall consist of not less than three independent members of the Board. At the invitation of the Audit Committee, members of the Company’s management and others may attend Audit Committee meetings as the Audit Committee considers necessary or desirable.
 
2.    
Appointment and Removal of Audit Committee Members— Each member of the Audit Committee shall be appointed by the Board on an annual basis and shall serve at the pleasure of the Board, or until the earlier of (a) the close of the next annual meeting of the Company’s shareholders at which the member's term of office expires, (b) the death of the member, or (c) the resignation, disqualification or removal of the member from the Audit Committee or from the Board. The Board may fill a vacancy in the membership of the Audit Committee.
 
3.    
Chair— At the time of the annual appointment of the members of the Audit Committee, the Board shall appoint a Chair of the Audit Committee. The Chair shall: be a member of the Audit Committee, preside over all Audit Committee meetings, coordinate the Audit Committee's compliance with this mandate, work with management to develop the Audit Committee's annual work-plan and provide reports of the Audit Committee to the Board.
 
4.    
Independence— Each member of the Audit Committee shall meet the requirements promulgated by any exchange upon which securities of the Company are traded, or any governmental or regulatory body exercising authority over the Company, as are in effect from time to time (collectively, the “Applicable Requirements”) related to independence and audit committee composition. 
 
 
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5.    
Financial LiteracyAt the time of his or her appointment to the Audit Committee, each member of the Audit Committee shall be able to read and understand fundamental financial statements, including a balance sheet, cash flow statement and income statement and not have participated in the preparation of the financial statements of the Company or any current subsidiary of the Company at any time during the preceding three years. At least one member of the Audit Committee shall have past employment experience in financing or accounting, requisite professional certificate in accounting, or other comparable experience or background which results in the individual’s financial sophistication, including being or having been a chief executive officer, chief financial officer or other senior officer with financial oversight responsibilities. Further, at least one member of the Audit Committee shall qualify as an “audit committee financial expert” (as such term is defined under the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules). 
 
 
 
1.    
Meetings— The members of the Audit Committee shall hold meetings as are required to carry out this mandate, and in any case no less than four meetings annually. The external auditors are entitled to attend and be heard at each Audit Committee meeting. The Chair, any member of the Audit Committee, the external auditors, the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer may call a meeting of the Audit Committee by notifying the Company’s Corporate Secretary who will notify the members of the Audit Committee. The Chair shall chair all Audit Committee meetings that he or she attends, and in the absence of the Chair, the members of the Audit Committee present may appoint a chair from their number for a meeting.
 
2.    
Corporate Secretary and Minutes— The Corporate Secretary, his or her designate or any other person the Audit Committee requests, shall act as secretary at Audit Committee meetings. Minutes of Audit Committee meetings shall be recorded and maintained by the Corporate Secretary and subsequently presented to the Audit Committee for approval.
 
3.    
Quorum - A majority of the members of the Audit Committee shall constitute a quorum.
 
4.    
Access to Management and Outside Advisors— The Audit Committee shall have unrestricted access to the Company’s management and employees and the books and records of the Company, and, from time to time may hold unscheduled or regularly scheduled meetings or portions of regularly scheduled meetings with the auditor, the Chief Financial Officer or the Chief Executive Officer. The Audit Committee shall have the authority to retain external legal counsel, consultants or other advisors to assist it in fulfilling its responsibilities and to set and pay the respective compensation for these advisors without consulting or obtaining the approval of the Board or any Company officer. The Company shall provide appropriate funding, as determined by the Audit Committee, for the services of these advisors.
 
5.    
Meetings Without Management— The Audit Committee shall hold unscheduled or regularly scheduled meetings, or portions of regularly scheduled meetings, at which management is not present.
 
 
28

 
The Audit Committee shall have the functions and responsibilities set out below as well as any other functions that are specifically delegated to the Audit Committee by the Board and that the Board is authorized to delegate by applicable laws and regulations. In addition to these functions and responsibilities, the Audit Committee shall perform the duties required of an audit committee by the Applicable Requirements.
 
 
1.    
Financial Reports 
 
a.     
General — The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial statements and financial disclosures. Management is responsible for the preparation, presentation and integrity of the Company’s financial statements and financial disclosures and for the appropriateness of the accounting principles and the reporting policies used by the Company. The auditors are responsible for auditing the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements and for reviewing the Company’s unaudited interim financial statements.
 
b.    
Review of Annual Financial Reports — The Audit Committee shall review the annual consolidated audited financial statements of the Company, the auditors' report thereon and the related management's discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operation (“MD&A”). After completing its review, if advisable, the Audit Committee shall approve and recommend for Board approval the annual financial statements and the related MD&A.
 
c.     
Review of Interim Financial Reports — The Audit Committee shall review the interim consolidated financial statements of the Company, the auditors review report thereon and the related MD&A. After completing its review, if advisable, the Audit Committee shall approve and recommend for Board approval the interim financial statements and the related MD&A.
 
d.     
Review Considerations — In conducting its review of the annual financial statements or the interim financial statements, the Audit Committee shall:
 
i.         
meet with management and the auditors to discuss the financial statements and MD&A;
 
ii.         
review the disclosures in the financial statements;
 
iii.         
review the audit report or review report prepared by the auditors;
 
iv.         
discuss with management, the auditors and internal legal counsel, as requested, any litigation claim or other contingency that could have a material effect on the financial statements;
 
v.         
review critical accounting and other significant estimates and judgements underlying the financial statements as presented by management;
 
29

vi.         
review any material effects of regulatory accounting initiatives or off-balance sheet structures on the financial statements as presented by management;
 
vii.         
review any material changes in accounting policies and any significant changes in accounting practices and their impact on the financial statements as presented by management;
 
viii.         
review management's report on the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting;
 
ix.         
review the factors identified by management as factors that may affect future financial results;
 
x.         
review results of the Company’s audit committee hotline program; and
 
xi.         
review any other matters, related to the financial statements, that are brought forward by the auditors, management or which are required to be communicated to the Audit Committee under accounting policies, auditing standards or Applicable Requirements.
 
e.     
Approval of Other Financial Disclosures — The Audit Committee shall review and, if advisable, approve and recommend for Board approval financial disclosure in a prospectus or other securities offering document of the Company, press releases disclosing financial results of the Company and any other material financial disclosure, including financial guidance provided to analysts rating agencies or otherwise publicly disseminated. 
 
 
2.    
Auditors 
 
a.     
General — The Audit Committee shall be responsible for oversight of the work of the auditors, including the auditors work in preparing or issuing an audit report, performing other audit, review or attest services or any other related work.
 
b.     
Appointment and Compensation — The Audit Committee shall review and, if advisable, select and recommend for shareholder approval the appointment of, the auditors. The Audit Committee shall have ultimate authority to approve all audit engagement terms and fees, including the auditor’s audit plan.
 
c.     
Resolution of Disagreements — The Audit Committee shall resolve any disagreements between management and the auditors as to financial reporting matters brought to its attention.
 
d.     
Discussions with Auditor — At least annually, the Audit Committee shall discuss with the auditor such matters as are required by applicable auditing standards to be discussed by the auditor with
 
 
30

 
 
the audit committee, including the matters required to be discussed by Statement on Auditing Standards 61, as it may be modified or supplemented.
 
e.     
Audit Plan — At least annually, the Audit Committee shall review a summary of the auditors' annual audit plan. The Audit Committee shall consider and review with the auditors any material changes to the scope of the plan.
 
f.     
Quarterly Review Report — The Audit Committee shall review a report prepared by the auditors in respect of each of the interim financial statements of the Company.
 
g.     
Independence of Auditors — At least annually, and before the auditors issue their report on the annual financial statements, the Audit Committee shall: obtain from the auditors a formal written statement describing all relationships between the auditors and the Company; discuss with the auditors any disclosed relationships or services that may affect the objectivity and independence of the auditors; and obtain written confirmation from the auditors that they are objective and independent within the meaning of the applicable Rules of Professional Conduct/Code of Ethics adopted by the provincial institute or order of chartered accountants to which it belongs and other Applicable Requirements. The Audit Committee shall take appropriate action to oversee the independence of the auditors. 
 
h.     
Evaluation and Rotation of Lead Partner — At least annually, the Audit Committee shall review the qualifications and performance of the lead partner(s) of the auditors. The Audit Committee shall obtain a report from the auditors annually verifying that the lead partner of the auditors has served in that capacity for no more than five fiscal years of the Company and that the engagement team collectively possesses the experience and competence to perform an appropriate audit.
 
i.     
Requirement for Pre-Approval of Non-Audit Services — The Audit Committee shall approve in advance any retainer of the auditors to perform any non-audit service to the Company that it deems advisable in accordance with Applicable Requirements, and Board approved policies and procedures. The Audit Committee may delegate pre-approval authority to a member of the Audit Committee. The decisions of any member of the Audit Committee to whom this authority has been delegated must be presented to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled Audit Committee meeting.
 
j.     
Approval of Hiring Policies — The Audit Committee shall review and approve the Company’s hiring policies regarding partners, employees and former partners and employees of the present and former external auditor of the Company.
 
 
3.    
Internal Controls 
 
a.     
General — The Audit Committee shall review the Company’s system of internal controls.
 
31

b.     
Establishment, Review and Approval — The Audit Committee shall require management to implement and maintain appropriate systems of internal controls in accordance with Applicable Requirements and guidance, including internal control over financial reporting and disclosure and to review, evaluate and approve these procedures. At least annually, the Audit Committee shall consider and review with management and the auditors:
 
i.         
the effectiveness of, or weaknesses or deficiencies in: the design or operation of the Company’s internal controls (including computerized information system controls and security); the overall control environment for managing business risks; and accounting, financial and disclosure controls (including, without limitation, controls over financial reporting), non-financial controls, and legal and regulatory controls and the impact of any identified weaknesses in internal controls on management's conclusions.
 
ii.         
any significant changes in internal control over financial reporting that are disclosed, or considered for disclosure, including those in the Company’s periodic regulatory filings;
 
iii.         
any material issues raised by any inquiry or investigation by the Company’s regulators;
 
iv.         
the Company’s fraud prevention and detection program, including deficiencies in internal controls that may impact the integrity of financial information, or may expose the Company to other significant internal or external fraud losses and the extent of those losses and any disciplinary action in respect of fraud taken against management or other employees who have a significant role in financial reporting; and
 
v.         
any related significant issues and recommendations of the auditors together with management's responses thereto, including the timetable for implementation of recommendations to correct weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls.
 
4.    
Compliance with Legal and Regulatory Requirements— The Audit Committee shall review reports from the Company’s Corporate Secretary and other management members on: legal or compliance matters that may have a material impact on the Company; the effectiveness of the Company’s compliance policies; and any material communications received from regulators. The Audit Committee shall review management's evaluation of and representations relating to compliance with specific Applicable Requirements, and management's plans to remediate any deficiencies identified.
 
5.    
Audit Committee Hotline ProceduresThe Audit Committee shall establish for (a) the receipt, retention, and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters; and (b) the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of the Company of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters. Any such complaints or concerns that are received shall be reviewed by the Audit Committee and, if the Audit Committee
 
32

 
    
determines that the matter requires further investigation, it will direct the Chair of the Audit Committee to engage outside advisors, as necessary or appropriate, to investigate the matter and will work with management and the general counsel to reach a satisfactory conclusion.
 
6.    
Audit Committee Disclosure— The Audit Committee shall prepare, review and approve any audit committee disclosures required by Applicable Requirements in the Company’s disclosure documents.
 
7.    
Delegation— The Audit Committee may, to the extent permissible by Applicable Requirements, designate a sub-committee to review any matter within this mandate as the Audit Committee deems appropriate.
 
 
 
1.    
The Chair shall report to the Board, as required by Applicable Requirements or as deemed necessary by the Audit Committee or as requested by the Board, on matters arising at Audit Committee meetings and, where applicable, shall present the Audit Committee's recommendation to the Board for its approval.
 
 
 
1.    
The Audit Committee shall, to the extent permissible by Applicable Requirements, have such additional authority as may be reasonably necessary or desirable, in the Audit Committee’s discretion, to exercise its powers and fulfill the duties under this mandate.
 
 
7.      CURRENCY OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE CHARTER
 
This charter was last amended and approved by the Audit Committee on March 3, 2006.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
33


APPENDIX B
 
 
PRE-APPROVAL POLICY AND PROCEDURE FOR ENGAGEMENTS OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITOR
 
The responsibilities of the Company’s audit committee are set out in the Company’s Audit Committee Charter, which responsibilities include pre-approving audit and non-audit services provided by the independent auditors in order to ensure the services do not impair the auditors' independence. Applicable securities commissions and accounting standards boards have issued rules specifying the permissible services independent auditors may provide to audit clients, as well as the pre-approval of fees. Accordingly, the Company’s Audit Committee has adopted the following Pre-Approval Policy and Procedure.
 
Under the Audit Committee's approach, an annual program of work will be approved each year for the following categories of services: Audit, Audit-Related, and Tax. Each engagement or category of service will be presented in appropriate detail by business function and geographic area to provide the Audit Committee sufficient understanding of the services provided. Additional engagements may be brought forward from time to time for pre-approval by the Audit Committee.
 
The Audit Committee will consider whether any service to be obtained from the independent auditors is consistent with applicable rules on auditor independence. Also, the Audit Committee will consider the level of Audit and Audit-Related fees in relation to all other fees paid to the independent auditors, and will review such level each year. In carrying out this responsibility, the Audit Committee may obtain input from Company management on the general level of fees, and the process for determining and reporting fees from the numerous locations where the Company operates and the independent auditors provide services.
 
The term of any pre-approval applies to the Company’s financial year. Thus, Audit fees for the financial year may include work performed after the close of the calendar year. The pre-approval for Audit-Related and Tax fees is on a calendar-year basis. Unused pre-approval amounts will not be carried forward to the next financial year. Pre-approvals will apply to engagements within a category of service, and cannot be transferred between categories. If fees might otherwise exceed pre-approved amounts for any category of permissible services, then time will be scheduled so that incremental amounts can be reviewed and pre-approved prior to commitment.
 
 
Audit Services
 
Audit services include the annual financial statement audit engagement (including required quarterly reviews), affiliate and subsidiary statutory audits, and other procedures required to be performed by the independent auditors to render an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Audit services also include information systems reviews, tests performed on the system of internal controls, and other procedures necessary to support the independent auditors' attestation of management's report on internal controls for financial reporting consistent with applicable securities legislation, as applicable.
 
The independent auditors are responsible for cost-effectively providing audit services and confirming that audit services are not undertaken prior to review and pre-approval by the Audit Committee. The independent auditors and Company management will jointly manage a process for collecting and reporting Audit fees billed by the independent auditors to Company each year.
 
 
Audit-Related Services
 
Audit-Related services include services that are reasonably related to the review of the Company’s financial statements. These services include benefit plan and joint venture audits, attestation procedures related to cost certifications and government compliance, consultations on accounting issues, and due diligence procedures. Each
 
34

year the Audit Committee will review the proposed services to ensure the independence of the independent auditors is not impaired.
 
Pre-approval will occur each year coincident with pre-approval of Audit services. Company management will monitor the engagement of the independent auditors for Audit-Related services using designated process owners. This process will help provide assurance that the aggregate dollar amount of services obtained does not exceed pre-approval amounts at any time, and that new engagements not initially identified are pre-approved prior to commitment.
 
 
Tax Services
 
The Audit Committee concurs that the independent auditors may provide certain Tax services without impairing independence. These services include preparing local tax filings and related tax services, tax planning, preparing individual employee expatriate tax returns, and other services permitted by applicable securities regulations. The Audit Committee will not permit engaging the independent auditors (1) in connection with a transaction, the sole purpose of which may be impermissible tax avoidance, or (2) for any tax services that may be prohibited by applicable securities rules now or in the future. Company management will monitor the engagement of the independent auditors or other firms for such Tax services to help provide assurance that aggregate dollar amounts of services obtained from the independent auditors do not exceed pre-approval amounts at any time.
 
 
All Other Services
 
The Company does not envision obtaining other services from the independent auditors, except for the Audit, Audit-Related, and Tax services described previously. If permissible other services are requested by the Company, each engagement must be pre-approved by the Audit Committee. Such requests should be supported by endorsement of the Chief Financial Officer prior to review with the Audit Committee.
 
 
Prohibited Services
 
Current securities regulations specify that independent auditors may not provide the following prohibited services: Bookkeeping, Financial Information Systems Design and Implementation, Appraisals or Valuation (other than Tax), Fairness Opinions, Actuarial Services, Internal Audit Outsourcing, Management Functions, Human Resources such as Executive Recruiting, Broker-Dealer Services, Legal Services, or Expert Services such as providing expert testimony or opinions where the purpose of the engagement is to advocate the client's position in an adversarial proceeding. Company personnel may not under any circumstances engage the independent auditors for prohibited services. Potential engagements not clearly permissible should be referred to the Chief Financial Officer.
 
 
Delegation
 
The Audit Committee may delegate pre-approval authority to one or more of its members. The member or members to whom such authority is delegated shall report any pre-approval decisions to the Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting. The Audit Committee may not delegate to management the Audit Committee’s responsibilities to pre-approve services performed by the independent auditor.
 
 
 
 
 
35

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LOGOTHE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP INC.
2006 ANNUAL REPORT



























US GAAP FINANCIAL RESULTS FOR 2006 FISCAL YEAR
 





TABLE OF CONTENTS



Letter from the CEO
2
   
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations
3
   
Overview
4
   
Consolidated Operations
7
   
Quarterly Operating Results
14
   
Liquidity and Capital Resources
15
   
Commitments, Contingencies, Guarantees and Variable Interest Entities
18
   
Outstanding Share Data
20
   
Application of Critical Accounting Policies
20
   
Changes in Accounting Policies
22
   
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
23
   
Disclosure Controls
24
   
Fiscal 2007 Outlook
24
   
Certain Factors That May Affect Future Results
26
   
Management’s Report
36
   
Report of Independent Registered Chartered Accountants
37
   
Consolidated Balance Sheets
38
   
Consolidated Statements of Operations
39
   
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
40
   
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
41
   
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
42

 

 
LETTER FROM THE CEO



Dear Shareholders,

Fiscal 2006 was a landmark year in the development of our organization: it was a year during which Descartes delivered. In 2006, we were metrics-driven and focused on results, and we have, indeed, delivered: the successful integration of new and existing solutions to our new network-based architecture, an innovative software-as-a-service (SaaS) business model, a new go-to-market strategy and four straight quarters of profitability. We have delivered a New Descartes.

Our customers told us that they wanted a single logistics technology partner with a broad solution footprint and domain expertise. Our commitment to expanding and enhancing our logistics technology solutions over the past year has positioned us well to be that single partner. Our talented and dedicated employees have developed and enhanced a range of solutions and services that span the length and breadth of the supply chain. With our enhanced network-based architecture, LNOS™, our customers can leverage the power of our Global Logistics Network™, one of the world’s largest logistics-focused networks, to gain real-time visibility to global and regional supply chain performance and capture the data needed to drive world-class logistics operations through traditional or newer wireless technologies.

Since our last annual report to you, we’ve brought on board industry veterans Greg Cronin as Executive Vice-President, Business Development & Corporate Strategy; Chris Jones, Executive Vice-President, Solutions & Markets; and Mark Weisberger, Executive Vice-President, Field Operations, each to help us develop and execute on a go-to-market strategy to bring our company to the next performance level. We focused the marketing of our solutions to two specific customer groups: (a) manufacturers, retailers, distributors and service provider enterprises; and (b) transportation and logistics services providers. We developed a common set of new and re-branded solutions targeted specifically to the industry and business requirements of each of these two groups. Finally, we made strategic additions to our sales and marketing teams to strengthen our existing customer relationships and to bring our solutions to new customers in new markets.

Descartes is one of a select few companies that focus on providing technology solutions in the logistics space, and we have distinguished ourselves from our competitors with our software-as-a-service business model. Unlike ordinary software companies who require a large up-front investment, we offer our customers the choice of using our solutions on an on-demand basis where they pay us as they receive value from our services. In 2006, the predictable nature of our revenues in our software-as-a-service business model enabled us to effectively and proactively manage the operating expenses of our business. Further, our service delivery model allowed us to develop close working relationships with our customers that helped us quickly respond to their needs.

Our software-as-a-service business model has driven the creation of a New Descartes. The New Descartes engages its customers with a focus on customer satisfaction and results. The New Descartes has a new team managing its business. The New Descartes delivers quality solutions. The New Descartes has delivered results for its customers and shareholders.
 
 


Signature
Arthur Mesher,
Chief Executive Officer
Member of the Board of Directors
 

 
 

 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 


Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) contains references to Descartes using the words “we,” “us,” “our” and similar words and the reader is referred to using the words “you,” “your,” and similar words.

The MD&A also refers to our fiscal years. Our fiscal year commences on February 1st of each year and ends on January 31st of the following year. Our fiscal year, which ended on January 31, 2006, is referred to as the “current fiscal year,” “fiscal 2006,” “2006” or using similar words. Our previous fiscal year, which ended on January 31, 2005, is referred to as the “previous fiscal year,” “fiscal 2005,” “2005” or using similar words. Other fiscal years are referenced by the applicable year during which the fiscal year ends. For example, 2008 refers to the annual period ending January 31, 2008 and the “fourth quarter of 2008” refers to the quarter ending January 31, 2008.

This MD&A is prepared as of March 5, 2006. You should read the MD&A in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements for 2006. We prepare and file our consolidated financial statements and MD&A in United States (“US”) dollars and in accordance with US generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). All dollar amounts we use in the MD&A are in US currency, unless we indicate otherwise.

We have prepared the MD&A with reference to the Form 51-102F1 MD&A disclosure requirements established under National Instrument 51-102 “Continuous Disclosure Obligations” (“NI 51-102”) of the Canadian Securities Administrators.

Additional information about us, including copies of our continuous disclosure materials such as our annual information form, is available on our website at http://www.descartes.com, through the EDGAR website at http://www.sec.gov or through the SEDAR website at http://www.sedar.com.

Certain statements made in this Annual Report, including, but not limited to, statements regarding our expectations concerning future revenues and earnings, mix of revenues between services revenues and license revenues and the drivers of the continued migration to a predominantly services organization, our plans to continue to allow customers to elect license technology in lieu of subscribing to services, our ability to keep our operating expenses at a level below our visible and recurring revenues, use of cash, expenses, including amortization, equity compensation and interest expense, product development, sales and marketing expenditures, geographic break-down of business, business trends, investments in headcount, market opportunity, opportunities to increase services gross margin, cost containment measures, the expected lack of future restructuring initiatives, charges associated with our previous restructuring initiatives, future stock option expense, an increased focus on sales and marketing functions, the sufficiency of capital to meet working capital and capital expenditure requirements, and potential use of the proceeds of any financing transaction we may undertake and our exploration of strategic business combinations constitute forward-looking information for the purposes of applicable securities laws (“forward-looking statements”). When used in this document, the words “believe,” “plan,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “continue,” “may,” “will,” “should,” or the negative of such terms and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that may cause future results to differ materially from those expected. Factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to, the factors discussed under the heading “Certain Factors That May Affect Future Results” appearing in the MD&A. If any of such risks actually occur, they could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In that case, the trading price of our common shares could decline, perhaps materially. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance upon any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. We do not undertake or accept any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect any change in our expectations or any change in events, conditions, assumptions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.
 

 
 

 
OVERVIEW



We are a global provider of on-demand, software-as-a-service logistics technology solutions that help our customers deliver. Using our technology solutions, companies reduce costs, save time, and enhance the service that they deliver to their own customers. Our technology-based solutions, which consist of services and software, provide connectivity and business document exchange, route planning and wireless dispatch, inventory and asset visibility, rate management, transportation management, and warehouse optimization. Our pricing model provides companies with flexibility in purchasing our solutions on either a license or subscription basis. Our primary focus is on distribution-sensitive companies where delivery is either a key or a defining part of their own product or service offering, or provides opportunities for cost efficiencies.

The Market
Supply chain management has been evolving over the past several years, as companies are increasingly seeking real-time control of their supply chain activities. Companies are looking for integrated, end-to-end solutions that combine business document exchange and mobile resource management applications (MRM) with end-to-end supply chain execution management (SCEM) applications, such as transportation management, routing and scheduling, and inventory visibility.

As the market has been changing, we have been evolving to meet its needs. More and more information is becoming available relating to the movement of goods through the supply chain and, with the proliferation of wireless technologies, that information is becoming available in real-time. We are helping our customers take advantage of this trend by offering technology solutions that leverage this new information and the mechanisms by which it is delivered.

Solutions
Our solutions are marketed in two suites: (a) the Descartes Delivery Management™ suite; and (b) the Descartes Global Logistics Network™ services suite. The suites are made up of various products and services, some of which form part of both suites. Products or services from both suites can be combined in various permutations to form a solution that helps address a specific delivery challenge a customer may face. This also gives our customers an opportunity to add supply chain services and capabilities as their business needs grow and change.

Our Delivery Management suite helps manufacturers, retailers, distributors and service provider enterprises to reduce logistics costs and decrease lead-time variability for their global shipments and regional operations. In addition, the suite helps companies efficiently use logistics assets while arming the customer service departments of private fleets and contract carriers with information about the location, availability and scheduling of vehicles to better serve clients. Our Delivery Management suite is differentiated by its ability to combine planning, execution, messaging services and performance management into an integrated solution.

Our Global Logistics Network services suite helps transportation and logistics services providers better manage their book-to-bill process, optimize fleet performance, integrate their logistics partners and provide their own customers with value-added logistics technology services. The cornerstone of the suite is the Global Logistics Network one of the world’s largest multimodal networks of transportation providers, their trading partners and regulatory agencies.

Helping us to develop and support our suites is our Logistics Network Operating System™ (LNOS), built on Microsoft .NET™ standards. LNOS is the foundation or architecture upon which our suites operate, enabling us to integrate our applications and offer solutions which help our customers deliver.

Sales and Distribution
Our sales efforts are primarily directed toward two specific customer markets: (a) manufacturers, retailers, distributors and service provider enterprises; and (b) transportation and logistics services providers. Our sales staff is regionally based. Our sales force is
 

 
trained to sell across our suites, targeting existing customers and similar distribution-sensitive companies in one of those two specific customer markets. In North America and the United Kingdom, we promote our products primarily through direct sales efforts aimed at existing and potential users of our products. In October 2004, we re-introduced our presence in the Asia Pacific region with a focus on making our channel partners successful. Channel partners for our remaining international operations include distributors, alliance partners and value-added resellers. Business partnerships play a central role in our strategy to address both existing and future customers.

Marketing
Marketing materials are delivered through targeted programs designed to reach our core customer groups. These programs include trade show and user group conferences and exchanges, partner-focused marketing programs, and direct corporate marketing efforts.

In October 2005, we launched The Descartes Challenge™ — a program designed to enable prospective customers to accept our challenge to use one of our Delivery Management suite solutions to help save them money before finally licensing it when savings are achieved.

Significant Events
In March 2005, we announced that our Global User Group Steering Committee included representatives from customers Eastman Kodak, CVS Corporation, The Schwan Food Company, Ferrellgas Partners, U.B.C.R., Kintetsu, Integrated Logistics, Capital Coors, and Ocado Limited. Later in March, we announced the launch of our new Ocean rate management product, Descartes Rate Builder™. We also announced expanded customer relationships with Exel and Hanjin for Ocean Contract Management, and Kuehne & Nagel for Global Air Messaging.

In May 2005, we announced that we had earned a Certificate of Finalist Recognition in the Best Business Turnaround and the Best Turnaround Executive categories in the 2005 International Business Awards.

Later in May we strengthened our management team by adding two industry veterans: Chris Jones and Mark Weisberger. Jones, a former Senior Vice-President in Aberdeen Group’s Value Chain Reserve division, joined us as Executive Vice-President, Solutions & Markets. Weisberger, an enterprise software industry veteran with over 20 years experience specializing in field operations, joined us as Executive Vice-President, Field Operations. In addition, we announced the departure of Bruce Gordon, former Executive Vice-President, Operations.

In June 2005, we announced that resellers in Brazil, Spain, South Africa and Mexico were successfully deploying and selling our delivery and transportation management solutions.

Also in June 2005, we announced that Samsung Electronics Logitech and Tomra Recycling were using our delivery management solutions and that Meridian IQ was using ocean services on our Global Logistics Network.

On June 30, 2005, we announced that we had paid $27.7 million to satisfy all principal amount and interest due under our convertible debentures with cash on maturity, rather than issuing any common shares to satisfy the debentures.

In August 2005, we announced the rollout of new delivery management solutions on our LNOS architecture, including two performance management applications (Descartes Reporting Services™ and Descartes Key Performance Indicators™), and an automatic vehicle locator application (Descartes AVL™). In addition, we announced the availability of new services and enhancements on the Global Logistics Network, including Descartes Local Haulage™, Descartes Multimodal Track & Trace™ and Descartes Rate Builder.

Also in August 2005, we announced the launch of “Descartes Delivers,” a series of educational webcasts designed to teach our customers how to more efficiently and effectively manage the movement of goods across the supply chain using the latest Descartes solutions.

In September 2005, we announced a normal course issuer bid that enables us, if we so choose, to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,067,646 common shares over a period of 12 months ending September 19, 2006 on the Toronto Stock Exchange or NASDAQ Stock Exchange. We are restricted to purchasing no more than 2,035,290 common shares during this period on
 

 
the NASDAQ stock exchange. We have not made any purchases pursuant to this normal course issuer bid.

In October 2005, we announced that ARC Advisory Group had named us as a Top Provider of Transportation Management Solutions in its Transportation Management Worldwide Outlook publication.

In October and November 2005, we announced various customer relationships, including the renewal of our messaging relationship with Air Canada; Precision Software joining the Global Logistics Network as a customer; Longo Brothers Fruit Markets successfully taking the Descartes Challenge; Schenker implementing our Local Haulage service to help manage pick-up and delivery agents; Cargo Express using our Multimodal Track & Trace solution; and a group of world-leading freight-forwarders engaging us to connect them to local carriers and agents to help monitor the first and last mile of delivery.

In November 2005, we announced enhancements to products and services in our Delivery Management and Global Logistics Network suites available to our existing customers.

In December 2005, we announced that STAPLES® Business Depot™ and other participants in the Supply Chain Network Project™ had selected Descartes’ Delivery Management suite to be used in Canada’s first end-to-end radio frequency identification (RFID) pilot.

Also in December 2005, we announced that Ideal Supply, a Canadian auto parts and electrical products distributor, had successfully taken the Descartes Challenge, identified significant productivity improvements, and was deploying Routing & Scheduling solutions from our Delivery Management suite enterprise-wide.

Also in December 2005, we announced that Eastman Kodak was using our Visibility & Event Management™ solution and Global Logistics Network to improve delivery productivity and performance, and to process more than two million business documents per month.

In January 2006, we announced that our 2006 Global User Group Conference will take place at the Buckhead Sheraton in Atlanta, Georgia, on March 21st and 22nd. The event provides Descartes’ customers with an opportunity to learn how other companies are improving their business performance using our solutions; to understand and provide feedback on future product direction; and to network with peers to share best practices.

In February 2006, we made several customer-related announcements, including Singer Equipment achieving significant savings and improved customer service with Descartes’ MobileLink™ wireless solution; Williams & Associates and Panalpina choosing the Descartes Global Logistics Network as a preferred provider of messaging services; and Canon Europe completing its pilot and signing a longer-term subscription to deploy Descartes’ Visibility & Event Management solution for its European operations.

In February 2006, we announced that industry-leading business development executive Greg Cronin had joined Descartes as Executive Vice President, Business Development & Corporate Strategy. Cronin will be responsible for guiding our global corporate marketing, corporate strategy and business development activities. Also in February, we announced that John Albright had resigned his position on Descartes’ Board of Directors for personal reasons.

On March 2, 2006, we announced that we had entered into a binding bought deal agreement to raise gross proceeds of Canadian $14,940,000 from the sale of 3,600,000 common shares at a price of Canadian $4.15 per share. We have agreed to grant the underwriters an over-allotment option to purchase an additional 540,000 common shares (15% of the offering) at Canadian $4.15 per share. The co-lead underwriters for the offering are GMP Securities L.P. and TD Securities Inc. The offering is scheduled to close on March 21, 2006. We anticipate using the proceeds of the offering for general corporate purposes, potential acquisitions (as yet unidentified) and for working capital. The securities being offered have not, nor will be, registered under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and may not be offered or sold within the US or to, or for the account or benefit of, US persons absent US registration or an applicable exemption from US registration requirements.

 
CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS


The following table shows, for the years indicated, our results of operations in millions of dollars (except per share and weighted average share amounts):

       
Year ended
January 31,
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
2004
Total revenues
45.7
46.4
59.8
Cost of revenues
18.1
21.1
19.4
Gross margin
27.6
25.3
40.4
Operating expenses
23.2
42.7
53.6
Acquisition-related expenses
2.9
22.3
5.3
Restructuring costs and asset impairment
(0.2)
14.1
18.8
Income (loss) from operations
1.7
(53.8)
(37.3)
Investment income (expense) net of interest expense
(1.2)
(1.8)
Gain on sale of long-term investment
1.4
Gain on purchase of convertible debentures
0.9
Income (loss) before income taxes
3.1
(55.0)
(38.2)
Income tax expense
0.1
0.3
0.3
Net income (loss)
3.0
(55.3)
(38.5)
       
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE - BASIC AND DILUTED
0.07
(1.36)
(0.84)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING (thousands)
BASIC
DILUTED
 
40,711
41,596
 
40,706
40,706
 
45,951
45,951
       
Other Pertinent Information:
     
Total assets
46.8
72.6
128.7
Convertible debentures
27.0
27.0

Total revenues consist of services revenues and license revenues. Services revenues principally comprise the following: (i) ongoing transactional fees for use of our services and products by our customers, which are recognized as the transactions occur; (ii) professional services revenues from consulting, implementation and training services related to our services and products, which are recognized as the services are performed; and (iii) maintenance, subscription and other related revenues, which include revenues associated with maintenance and support of our services and products, which are recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance or subscription period. License revenues derive from licenses granted to our customers to use our software products.

Our May 2004 restructuring initiative, described in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for 2006, and related events had a significant effect on our revenues in 2006 and 2005, beginning with the quarter ended July 31, 2004. In general, revenues declined as we reduced our sales force, concentrated on our existing customers and our services-based business model and tempered our pursuit of new license transactions.
 

 
The following table provides additional analysis of our services and license revenues (in millions of dollars and as a proportion of total revenues) generated over each of the years indicated:

       
Year ended
January 31,
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
2004
Services revenues
40.8
41.8
48.9
Percentage of total revenues
89%
90%
82%
       
License revenues
4.9
4.6
10.9
Percentage of total revenues
11%
10%
18%
Total revenues
45.7
46.4
59.8

Our services revenues were $40.8 million, $41.8 million and $48.9 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The decline in our 2006 services revenues from 2005 was primarily due to decreased revenues from maintenance and professional services related to our routing and scheduling solutions. The principal contributor to this decline was the conclusion of previously undertaken larger scale projects and decreased deal activity in prior quarters resulting in fewer newly initiated projects, along with the non-renewal of maintenance from some smaller customers on our older routing and scheduling solutions. Additionally, services revenues declined due to the loss of certain customers on our network services, largely in our legacy Visibility services and business document exchange services. While we experienced some price pressure in our logistics messaging business, it was not a significant contributor to the difference in revenues.

The decline in our 2005 services revenues from 2004 was primarily due to the loss of certain customers on our network services, largely in our legacy Visibility services and business document exchange services. These customer losses resulted from various factors including customers deciding to perform the services in-house (and, in some cases, switching to alternative providers of such services) as well as our own decision to terminate certain unprofitable customer relationships. Additionally, in the final three quarters of 2005, revenues from professional services related to the implementation of our routing and scheduling solutions decreased due to the conclusion of previously undertaken larger scale projects and decreased deal activity in those quarters resulting in fewer newly initiated projects. In the final two quarters of 2005, we focused on transitioning our business to a services-based model that improved our opportunity to demonstrate the value of our products to our end-users. This emphasis resulted in the development of new services revenues in this period, partially offsetting the decline in 2005 total services revenues.

Our services revenues are dependent on the number of shipments being moved by our customers and, accordingly, our services revenues are somewhat subject to seasonal shipment volume trends across the various modes of transportation (i.e. air, ocean, truck) we serve. In our first fiscal quarter, we historically have seen lower shipment volumes in air and truck which impact the aggregate number of transactions flowing through our business document exchange. In our second fiscal quarter, we historically have seen an increase in ocean services revenues as ocean carriers are in the midst of their customer contract negotiation period. In the third quarter, we typically see shipment and transactional volumes at their highest. In the fourth quarter, the various international holidays impact the aggregate number of shipping days in the quarter, and historically have seen this adversely impact the number of transactions our network processes.

Our license revenues were $4.9 million, $4.6 million and $10.9 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase in 2006 license revenues from 2005 is due to our continued success in licensing the products in our Delivery Management suite to manufacturers, retailers, distributors, and service provider enterprises.
 


The decline in our 2005 license revenues from 2004 is the result of our focus on a services-based business model. In addition, historically our license revenues have principally derived from new transactions with customers. With the downsizing of our global sales force in 2005, fewer new transactions were concluded globally.

As a percentage of total revenues, our services revenues were 89%, 90% and 82% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Our services revenues as a percentage of total revenues in 2006 were relatively unchanged from 2005 as we continued to focus in 2006 on our services-based business model rather than the generation of license revenues.

The higher proportion of services revenues in 2005 compared to 2004 was a consequence of our increased focus on being a services organization, rather than a company primarily focused on license revenues. In addition, our focus in 2005 was on serving our existing customer base, which typically produces services revenues, as compared to selling to new customers where initial license revenues are a typical part of the new relationship.

We operate in one business segment providing on-demand, software-as-a-service logistics technology solutions. The following table provides additional analysis of our segmented revenues by geographic areas of operation (in millions of dollars):

       
Year Ended
January 31,
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
2004
Americas
31.5
32.9
40.7
Percentage of total revenues
69%
71%
68%
       
Europe, Middle-East and Africa (“EMEA”)
12.4
11.1
14.3
Percentage of total revenues
27%
24%
24%
       
Asia Pacific
1.8
2.4
4.8
Percentage of total revenues
4%
5%
8%
Total revenues
45.7
46.4
59.8

Revenues from the Americas region were $31.5 million, $32.9 million and $40.7 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and have remained at a fairly consistent level over these periods as a percentage of total revenues. The decrease in the dollar amount of revenue from 2004 to 2006 is primarily attributable to lower license revenues, along with the lower business document exchange revenues, maintenance revenues and professional services revenues as described above.

Revenues from the EMEA region were $12.4 million, $11.1 million and $14.3 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase in revenues in 2006 from 2005 is primarily due to stronger license revenues in this region during the second and third quarters of 2006, principally from deals involving our routing and scheduling solutions in our Delivery Management suite.

The decrease in the dollar amount of revenues in 2005 from 2004 was primarily due to general softness for technology sales in this market, as well as the loss of some recurring contracts over that period.

Revenues from the Asia Pacific region were $1.8 million, $2.4 million and $4.8 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and have declined over these periods as a percentage of total revenues. The dollar amount of revenues for the Asia Pacific region for 2006 decreased compared to both 2005 and 2004 largely due to the reduction in our sales force in this region that occurred during the second quarter of 2005.
 

 
The following table provides additional analysis of cost of revenues (in millions of dollars) and the related gross margins for the years indicated:

       
Year ended
January 31,
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
2004
Services
     
Services revenues
40.8
41.8
48.9
Cost of services revenues
17.1
20.2
17.9
Gross margin
23.7
21.6
31.0
Gross margin percentage
58%
52%
63%
 
License
     
License revenues
4.9
4.6
10.9
Cost of license revenues
1.0
0.9
1.5
Gross margin
3.9
3.7
9.4
Gross margin percentage
80%
80%
86%
 
Total
     
Revenues
45.7
46.4
59.8
Cost of revenues
18.1
21.1
19.4
Gross margin
27.6
25.3
40.4
Gross margin percentage
60%
55%
68%

Cost of services revenues consists of internal costs of running our systems and applications as well as the cost of salaries and other personnel-related expenses incurred in providing professional service and maintenance work, including consulting and customer support.

Gross margin percentage for service revenues were 58%, 52% and 63% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase in gross margin in 2006 from 2005 was primarily due to cost reductions achieved in running our network and providing our services.

The lower services revenues in 2005 contributed to the lower gross margin in 2005 compared to 2004, as the costs of operating our network consist predominately of fixed costs. In addition, higher costs associated with third-party professional service providers incurred during the first two quarters of 2005 contributed to the lower gross margin percentage in 2005.

Cost of license revenues consists of costs related to our sale of third-party software, such as third-party license fees, referral fees and/or royalties.

Gross margin percentage for license revenues were 80% in 2006 and 2005 and 86% in 2004. The decline was principally the result of higher third-party software costs on license transactions completed during 2004.

Operating expenses (consisting of sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative expenses) were $23.2 million, $42.7 million and $53.6 million for 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The decline is primarily the result of efficiencies generated by our cost reduction initiatives commenced in the second quarter of 2005.
 


The following table provides additional analysis of operating expenses (in millions of dollars) for the years indicated:

       
Year ended
January 31,
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
2004
Total revenues
45.7
46.4
59.8
       
Sales and marketing expenses
8.5
18.2
31.8
Percentage of total revenues
19%
39%
53%
       
Research and development expenses
7.0
10.4
9.4
Percentage of total revenues
15%
22%
16%
       
General and administrative expenses
7.7
14.1
12.4
Percentage of total revenues
17%
30%
21%
Total operating expenses
23.2
42.7
53.6

Sales and marketing expenses include salaries, commissions and other personnel-related costs, bad debt expenses, travel expenses, advertising programs and services and other promotional activities associated with selling and marketing our services and products. Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of total revenues were 19%, 39% and 53% in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The decrease from 2004 to 2006 was primarily attributable to the large reduction in our sales force and marketing department in connection with our restructuring initiative commenced in the second quarter of 2005.

Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs of technical and engineering personnel associated with our research and product development activities as well as costs for third-party outsourced development providers. We expensed all costs related to research and development in the past three years. Research and development expenses were $7.0 million for 2006, a decline of 33% from expenses of $10.4 million in 2005. The decrease in research and development expenses for 2006 compared to 2005, was primarily attributable to the cancellation of a larger consulting contract with a third party to outsource certain product development overseas.

The increase in research and development costs for 2005 compared to 2004 was primarily attributable to a termination penalty associated with the cancellation of a product development agreement with an outsourcing provider, as well as an increased investment in the development of our supply chain solutions.

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and other personnel-related costs of administrative personnel, as well as professional fees and other administrative expenses. General and administrative costs were $7.7 million, $14.1 million and $12.4 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The decrease in general and administrative expenses in 2006 as compared to 2005 is primarily attributable to efficiency gains from our cost reduction initiatives commenced in the second quarter of 2005. Additionally, general and administrative expenses in 2005 included severance costs of approximately $1.5 million that were incurred primarily relating to the departure of various members of the previous senior management team, a charge for defense costs related to a class action lawsuit (which lawsuit was settled in-principle in the third quarter of 2005 and finally approved by the court in the third quarter of 2006) and higher directors’ and officers’ liability insurance premiums.

The increase in 2005 from 2004 was primarily attributable to severance costs of approximately $1.5 million included in 2005 relating to the departure of certain members of senior management. Additionally, general and administrative expenses increased in 2005 due to the reserve for defense costs related to the class action lawsuit
 

 
(which lawsuit was settled in-principle in the third quarter of 2005 and finally approved by the court in the third quarter of 2006), increased directors’ and officers’ liability insurance premiums over the second half of 2005, and an increase in professional fees in the second quarter of 2005.

Acquisition-related expenses include amortization and impairments of goodwill and intangible assets acquired on business combinations that we have completed to date. Acquisition-related expenses were $2.9 million, $22.3 million, and $5.3 million for 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The following table provides an additional analysis of acquisition-related expenses for the years indicated (in millions of dollars):

Year ended
January 31,
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
2004
Amortization of intangible assets
2.7
4.1
5.3
Impairment of goodwill
0.2
18.2
Total acquisition-related expenses
2.9
22.3
5.3

Amortization of intangible assets includes customer agreements and relationships, non-compete covenants, existing technologies and trade names associated with acquisitions completed by us to date. Intangible assets with a finite life are amortized to income over their useful life. The amount of amortization expense in a fiscal period is dependent on our acquisition activities as well as our asset impairment tests. Amortization of intangible assets was $2.7 million, $4.1 million and $5.3 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The decrease in amortization expense relates to several components of our acquired intangible assets that are now fully amortized. As of January 31, 2006, the unamortized portion of intangible assets amounted to $1.4 million.

We write down intangible assets with a finite life to fair value when the related undiscounted cash flows are not expected to allow for recovery of the carrying value. Fair value of intangibles is determined by discounting the expected related cash flows. No finite life intangible asset impairment has been identified or recorded for any of the fiscal years reported.

In addition to annual impairment tests, in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 142 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” we perform a quarterly analysis of whether any event has occurred that would more likely than not reduce our enterprise value below our carrying amount and, if so, we perform a goodwill impairment test between the annual dates. Due to various events and changes in circumstances publicly announced in May 2004 that reduced our fair value as of April 30, 2004, we performed an interim impairment test for the first quarter of 2005 and determined that book value was significantly in excess of enterprise value and that the entire remaining recorded goodwill was impaired. Accordingly, a goodwill impairment charge of $18.0 million was recorded in the first quarter of 2005. Subsequently, certain earn-out payments related to the acquisition of Tradevision in 2003 have been recorded as goodwill impairment charges of $0.1 million each in each of the second quarter of 2005, the fourth quarter of 2005, the second quarter of 2006, and the fourth quarter of 2006 as these final payments come due under the purchase price earn-out arrangement agreed to as part of the acquisition.

As of January 31, 2006, there was no goodwill recorded on our balance sheet. Accordingly, we are no longer performing tests for impairment of goodwill. If any goodwill is recorded in future periods as a result of acquisitions or otherwise, we will resume our annual goodwill impairment tests on October 31st of each year. In addition, we will perform further quarterly analysis of whether any event has occurred that would more likely than not reduce our enterprise value below our carrying amount, and, if so, we will perform a goodwill impairment test between the annual dates. Any future impairment adjustment will be recognized as an expense in the period that the adjustment is identified.
 


Restructuring costs and asset impairment were ($0.2) million, $14.1 million and $18.8 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, relating to the restructuring plans described in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for 2006. Our primary reason for initiating these restructuring initiatives was to align our cost structure with our services-based revenue model and to streamline our corporate operations. As of January 31, 2006, activities under all restructuring initiatives are completed, including a 45% reduction in our global workforce, with the remaining restructuring provision of $0.6 million to be drawn down over time as cash is paid in connection with ongoing restructured contracts, such as closed office leases. We do not currently expect any significant additional restructuring expenses in connection with any of our restructuring initiatives. A summary of the provisions under the May 2003 and May 2004 restructuring initiatives and drawdowns during 2006 is in the following table (in thousands of dollars):

         
 
Provision as at
January 31, 2005
Revisions
During 2006
Cash
Drawdowns
During 2006
Remaining
Provision as at
January 31, 2006
May 2003
       
Office closure costs
1,157
(137)
(467)
553
May 2004
       
Workforce reduction
136
(7)
(129)
Office closure costs
441
(77)
(276)
88
 
1,734
(221)
(872)
641

During 2006, we had net favourable revisions to our restructuring provisions totaling $0.2 million related primarily to the sublease of certain offices.

Our restructuring provisions were drawn-down in 2006 as a result of cash payments related to these initiatives of $0.9 million.

During 2005, we incurred initial charges relating to our May 2004 restructuring initiative and additional revisions to each of our restructuring initiatives of cumulatively $14.1 million, composed of $4.8 million for workforce reduction, $3.5 million for office closure costs and $5.8 million for redundant assets.

Our restructuring provisions were drawn-down in 2005 as a result of cash payments related to these initiatives of $7.3 million and a non-cash write-off of redundant assets in connection with the May 2004 initiative of $5.8 million, relating primarily to software, hardware and office-related assets.

During 2004, we incurred aggregate restructuring charges and revisions of $18.8 million, broken down into workforce reduction expenses of $8.1 million, office closure costs of $6.4 million, redundant asset write-offs of $1.8 million, data center consolidations of $0.9 million and network system consolidations of $1.6 million. Restructuring provisions were drawn-down in 2004 as a result of cash payments related to these initiatives of $17.2 million and a non-cash write-off of redundant assets in connection with the May 2003 and June 2002 initiatives of cumulatively $1.8 million, relating primarily to software, hardware and office-related assets.

Investment income (expense) net of interest expense was nil in 2006 compared to an expense of $1.2 million and $1.8 million in 2005 and 2004, respectively. The decrease in investment income (expense) net of interest expense in 2006 from 2005 is principally a result of us repaying our convertible unsecured debentures on maturity in June 2005, thereby eliminating an ongoing interest expense obligation. The convertible debentures are discussed in more detail in Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for 2006. The decrease in 2005 from 2004 is attributable to a decrease in investment income caused by declining yields from cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as well as lower investment balances as a result of cash usage, compared to the higher
 

 
5.5% fixed interest rate on our outstanding convertible debentures, discussed in more detail in Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for 2006.

Gain on sale of long-term investment of $1.4 million relates to sales during the first and second quarters of 2006 of our entire investment in Ocado, a UK online grocer, for approximately $4.7 million relative to its carrying value of $3.3 million. Coincident with the disposition of the investment in the second quarter of 2006, we licensed certain software technology to Ocado and extended our existing ongoing maintenance relationship.

Gain on purchase of convertible debentures was nil in 2006 and 2005 and $0.9 million in 2004. The gain in 2004 resulted from our purchase of $45.0 million principal amount of our convertible debentures during 2004, as further described in Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for 2006.

Income tax expense was $0.1 million in 2006 and $0.3 million for each of 2005 and 2004. No deferred tax asset has been recorded to date as we have provided a valuation allowance for the full amount of the benefit. In determining the valuation allowance, we consider factors by taxing jurisdiction including the estimated taxable income, the history of losses for tax purposes and tax planning strategies, among others. A change to any of these factors could impact the estimated valuation allowance and income tax expense in future periods.

Overall, we generated net income of $3.0 million in 2006, compared to losses in 2005 and 2004 of $55.3 million and $38.5 million, respectively. The improvement in net income in 2006 from 2005 is principally attributable to the efficiencies gained from our restructuring initiatives commenced in the second quarter of 2005 as well as the inclusion of a $14.1 million charge for restructuring costs and asset impairment and an $18.2 million goodwill impairment charge in 2005.

The increase in the loss between 2005 and 2004 is primarily attributable to the charges related to the impairment of goodwill and to lower revenues, and was partially offset by lower operating and restructuring expenses.



QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS



The following tables provide an analysis of our unaudited operating results (in thousands of dollars, except per share and number of share amounts) for each of the quarters ended on the date indicated:

           
 
April 30,
July 31,
October 31,
January 31,
Total
 
2005
2005
2005
2006
2006
           
Revenues
11,306
11,428
11,487
11,508
45,729
Gross margin
6,490
6,829
6,964
7,319
27,602
Operating expenses
5,749
5,916
5,800
5,746
23,211
Net income
465
929
629
966
2,989
Basic and diluted earnings per share
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.07
Weighted average shares outstanding (thousands):
         
Basic
40,706
40,706
40,709
40,721
40,711
Diluted
41,463
41,653
41,667
42,217
41,596



           
 
April 30,
July 31,
October 31,
January 31,
Total
 
2004
2004
2004
2005
2005
           
Revenues
13,256
11,065
11,045
11,029
46,395
Gross margin
7,791
5,173
6,334
6,044
25,342
Operating expenses
16,781
13,163
7,064
5,708
42,716
Loss
(28,943)
(22,699)
(2,730)
(959)
(55,331)
Basic and diluted loss per share
(0.71)
(0.56)
(0.07)
(0.02)
(1.36)
Weighted average shares outstanding (thousands):
Basic and diluted
40,706
40,706
40,706
40,706
40,706

Our May 2004 restructuring initiative, described in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for 2006, had a significant effect on our quarterly operating results, beginning with the second quarter of 2005. Revenues declined as we reduced our sales force, concentrated on our existing customers and our services-based business model, and tempered our pursuit of new license transactions. In addition, beginning in the third quarter of 2005, our operating expenses were significantly reduced as a result of this restructuring initiative.

Our losses over the quarters detailed in the table above have also been impacted by significant charges in particular quarters. In the second quarter of 2004, we incurred a restructuring charge of $7.3 million in connection with our May 2003 restructuring initiative described in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for 2006. In the first quarter of 2005, we incurred a goodwill impairment charge of $18.0 million. In connection with the May 2004 restructuring initiative, we incurred an $11.7 million charge for restructuring costs and asset impairment in the second quarter of 2005.

Our net income in the first and second quarters of 2006 benefited from a $1.4 million gain on the sale of our entire long-term investment in Ocado.

As we were profitable for the first time in the first quarter of 2006, the number of common shares used in the diluted earnings per share calculation increased as a result of the dilutive effect of employee stock options.

In the fourth quarter of 2006, we continued our focus on growing earnings by ensuring our operating expenses were below our visible and recurring contracted revenues. Revenues increased slightly in the quarter, principally due to increased network traffic through our Global Logistics Network. We were able to gain additional cost efficiencies in the infrastructure we use to deliver our network services, which assisted in strengthening our fourth quarter gross margin and net income.



LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES



Historically, we have financed our operations and met our capital expenditure requirements primarily through cash flows provided from operations, long-term borrowings and sales of debt and equity securities. On June 30, 2005, we paid $27.7 million in principal and interest to satisfy all of our outstanding convertible debentures on their maturity. As of January 31, 2006, we had $33.0 million in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, and $3.9 million in available lines of credit. On March 2, 2006, we announced that we had entered into a binding bought deal agreement to raise gross proceeds of Canadian $14,940,000 from the sale of 3,600,000 common shares at a price of Canadian $4.15 per share. We have agreed to grant the underwriters an over-allotment option to purchase an additional 540,000 common shares (15% of the offering) at Canadian $4.15 per share. The offering is scheduled to close on March 21, 2006. We anticipate using the proceeds of the offering for general corporate purposes, for potential acquisitions (as yet unidentified) and for working capital.
 


We believe that, considering the above, we have sufficient liquidity to fund our current operating requirements. Should additional future financing be undertaken, the proceeds from any such transaction could be utilized to fund strategic transactions, for reducing debt, or for general corporate purposes. We may, from time to time, consider selective strategic transactions to create value and improve performance, which may include acquisitions, dispositions, restructurings, joint ventures and partnerships, and we may undertake a financing transaction in connection with such a potential strategic transaction.

To the extent that our non-Canadian subsidiaries have earnings, our intention is that these earnings be re-invested in the subsidiary indefinitely. Accordingly, to date we have not encountered legal or practical restrictions on the abilities of our subsidiaries to repatriate money to Canada, even if such restrictions may exist in respect of certain foreign jurisdictions where we have subsidiaries. Accordingly, to the extent there are restrictions, they have not had a material effect on the ability of our Canadian parent to meet its financial obligations.

The table set forth below provides a summary statement of cash flows for the years indicated in millions of dollars:

       
Year ended
January 31,
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
2004
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities
7.9
(15.0)
(32.6)
Additions to capital assets
(1.2)
(1.1)
(5.8)
Sale of long-term investment
4.7
Acquisition of subsidiary
(0.2)
(0.2)
(0.3)
Purchase of convertible debentures
(43.3)
Repayment of convertible debentures
(27.0)
Purchase of common shares
(27.2)
Issuance of common shares
0.2
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities
(15.8)
(16.3)
(109.0)
Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, beginning of year
48.8
65.1
174.1
Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities, end of year
33.0
48.8
65.1

Cash provided by (used in) operating activities was $7.9 million, ($15.0) million and ($32.6) million for 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The increase in cash provided by operating activities in 2006 as compared to 2005 was principally due to improved operating performance in 2006, lower cash used in restructuring activities and continued improvements in collections from customers.

The decrease in cash used in operating activities in 2005 from 2004 was principally due to stronger cash collections and improved operating performance. Included in the cash used in operating activities in 2005 was $7.3 million of cash payments directly related to our restructuring initiatives, $1.5 million for our semi-annual debenture interest and $6.2 million for cash used in other operating activities.

Additions to capital assets of $1.2 million in 2006 were primarily composed of the acquisition of $0.8 million of computer hardware from the buyout of certain operating leases. Other additions in 2006 were mainly investments in computing equipment and software to support our global operations.

Sale of long-term investment of $4.7 million represents the $1.2 million sale of 22% of our investment in Ocado in the first quarter of 2006 and the sale of the remaining investment in the second quarter of 2006 for $3.5 million. Coincident with the sale of the remainder of the investment in the second quarter of 2006, we licensed certain software technology to Ocado and extended our existing ongoing maintenance relationship.
 


Acquisition of subsidiary of $0.2 million represents ‘earn-out’ payments related to the acquisition of Tradevision. The remaining potential purchase price earn-out payable by us to the vendors is $0.1 million.
 
Purchase of convertible debentures. In 2004, we purchased for cancellation $45.0 million aggregate principal amount of our debentures through a wholly owned subsidiary for $43.3 million, including costs associated with the offer.

Repayment of convertible debentures represents the June 30, 2005 payment of $27.0 million in satisfaction of the principal portion of all of the outstanding convertible debentures on their maturity.

Purchase of common shares. In July 2003, we purchased for cancellation 11,578,000 of our common shares for an aggregate cost of $27.2 million, including costs associated with the offer. As of March 5, 2006, there were 40,724,350 shares issued and outstanding.

Issuance of common shares represents the proceeds from the issuance of common shares on the exercise of granted stock options. In 2004, 59,300 stock options were exercised for proceeds of $0.2 million.

Working capital. As of January 31, 2006, our current assets exceed our current liabilities by $30.9 million. Current assets include $27.6 million of cash and cash equivalents, $5.4 million in short-term marketable securities and $5.2 million in current trade receivables. Our working capital has increased since January 31, 2005 by $9.6 million, principally as a result of an increase in cash generated from operations.

Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. Cash and cash equivalents include short-term deposits and marketable debt securities with original maturities of three months or less. Short-term marketable securities are composed of debt securities maturing between three and 12 months from the balance sheet date. Debt securities are marked-to-market with the resulting gain or loss included in other comprehensive income (loss). Marketable securities represent cash invested in investment-grade corporate bonds and commercial paper, and in investment-grade Dividend Received Deduction (“DRD”) eligible securities issued by US corporations.

Our investments in marketable securities are governed by our Investment Policy Guidelines as approved by the Board of Directors. The policy stipulates a conservative investment philosophy whereby all maturing investments are re-invested in AAA-rated marketable securities and, to the extent deemed necessary to avoid adverse tax consequences, in DRD eligible securities. As of January 31, 2006, all funds were invested in AAA-rated investments.

As of January 31, 2006, 84% of the total cash and investment portfolio was in interest-bearing cash deposits and 16% was in short-term marketable securities. The table below provides an analysis of our consolidated holdings of cash and investments in millions of dollars with their credit ratings as of January 31, 2006:

       
 
Standard & Poor’s
Rating
Percentage
of Total
Total Dollar
Amount
Interest-bearing cash deposits
84%
27.6
Marketable securities
AAA
16%
5.4
   
100%
33.0
 

 

 
COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES, GUARANTEES AND
VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
 


Commitments
To facilitate a better understanding of our commitments, the following information is provided (in millions of dollars) in respect of our operating lease obligations and our purchase obligation as of January 31, 2006:

           
 
Less than
1 year
1-3 years
3-5 years
More than
5 years
Total
           
Operating lease obligations
1.5
2.0
0.6
0.1
4.2
Purchase obligation
0.2
0.1
-
-
0.3
 
1.7
2.1
0.6
0.1
4.5

Operating Lease Obligations
We are committed under noncancelable operating leases for business premises and computer equipment with terms expiring at various dates through 2012. The future minimum amounts payable under these lease agreements are described in the chart above.

We have remaining obligations related to the exit of various real property leases in connection with our restructuring activities. Some of these leases have outstanding balances pending full and final resolution and settlement of such lease obligations with the applicable lessor. The aggregate outstanding restructuring provision related to these leases is $0.6 million.

Purchase Obligation
We are committed under a noncancelable hosting agreement to procure various information technology hosting and co-location services over the next two years. The future minimum amounts payable under this hosting agreement are described in the chart above.

Contingencies
In November 2004, we commenced private arbitration proceedings in Ontario against a supplier of hosting services to recover damages relating to that supplier’s invoicing of fees in excess of the contractual agreement and refusal to deliver working source code for technology purchased from the supplier. At this time, the arbitration is in its initial stages. The arbitration proceedings are subject to a confidentiality undertaking between the parties.

We are also subject to a variety of other claims and suits that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. The consequences of these matters are not presently determinable but, in the opinion of management after consulting with legal counsel, the ultimate aggregate liability is not currently expected to have a material effect on our annual results of operations or financial position.

Business combination agreements
In connection with our agreement to acquire Tradevision in fiscal 2003, we agreed to pay additional purchase price based on revenues derived from the acquired entity. The maximum amount remaining to be paid under that agreement is $0.1 million. The final payment is expected to be paid in the second quarter of 2007.
 

 
Product Warranties
In the normal course of operations, we provide our customers with product warranties relating to the performance of our software and network services. To date, we have not encountered material costs as a result of such obligations and have not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations on our financial statements.

Guarantees
In the normal course of business we enter into a variety of agreements that may contain features that meet the definition of a guarantee under FASB Interpretation No. 45, “Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others” (“FIN 45”). The following lists our significant guarantees:

Intellectual property indemnification obligations
We provide indemnifications of varying scope to our customers against claims of intellectual property infringement made by third parties arising from the use of our products. In the event of such a claim, we are generally obligated to defend our customers against the claim and we are liable to pay damages and costs assessed against our customers that are payable as part of a final judgment or settlement. These intellectual property infringement indemnification clauses are not generally subject to any dollar limits and remain in force for the term of our license agreement with our customer, which license term is typically perpetual. To date, we have not encountered material costs as a result of such indemnifications.

Other indemnification agreements
In the normal course of operations, we enter into various agreements that provide general indemnifications. These indemnifications typically occur in connection with purchases and sales of assets, securities offerings or buy-backs, service contracts, administration of employee benefit plans, retention of officers and directors, membership agreements and leasing transactions. These indemnifications require us, in certain circumstances, to compensate the counterparties for various costs resulting from breaches of representations or obligations under such arrangements, or as a result of third party claims that may be suffered by the counterparty as a consequence of the transaction. We believe that the likelihood that we could incur significant liability under these obligations is remote. Historically, we have not made any significant payments under such indemnifications.

In evaluating estimated losses for the guarantees or indemnities described above, we consider such factors as the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss. We are unable to make a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amount payable under such guarantees or indemnities as many of these arrangements do not specify a maximum potential dollar exposure or time limitation. The amount also depends on the outcome of future events and conditions, which cannot be predicted. Given the foregoing, to date, we have not accrued any liability for the guarantees or indemnities described above on our financial statements.

Variable Interest Entities
In December 2003, FASB issued Interpretation No. 46R (“FIN 46R”), a revision to Interpretation No. 46 (“FIN 46”), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.” FIN 46R clarifies some of the provisions of FIN 46 and exempts certain entities from its requirements. FIN 46R became effective in 2005. The adoption of FIN 46R did not have a material impact on our financial statements, as we do not have any interests in variable interest entities in which we would be considered to be the primary beneficiary.


 

 
OUTSTANDING SHARE DATA



We have an unlimited number of common shares authorized for issuance. As of March 5, 2006, we had 40,724,350 common shares issued and outstanding.

In September 2005, we announced the commencement of a normal course issuer bid that enables us to purchase, if and when we choose from time to time on the Toronto Stock Exchange or Nasdaq Stock Exchange, up to an aggregate of 3,067,646 common shares over a period of 12 months ending September 19, 2006. We are restricted to purchasing no more than 2,035,290 common shares during this period on the Nasdaq Stock Exchange. We have not purchased any common shares pursuant to this normal course issuer bid.

We also have a shareholder-approved stock option plan and other option plans that were assumed or adopted in connection with various previously completed acquisitions. As of March 5, 2006, there were 4,874,517 options issued and outstanding, and 1,747,141 remaining available for grant pursuant to these plans.

On November 30, 2004, we announced that our Board of Directors had adopted a shareholder rights plan (the “Rights Plan”) to ensure the fair treatment of shareholders in connection with any take-over offer, and to provide the Board of Directors and shareholders with additional time to fully consider any unsolicited take-over bid. We did not adopt the Rights Plan in response to any specific proposal to acquire control of Descartes. The Rights Plan was approved by the Toronto Stock Exchange and was approved by our shareholders on May 18, 2005. The Rights Plan took effect as of November 29, 2004, and has an initial term of three years. The Rights Plan is similar to plans adopted by other Canadian companies and approved by their shareholders.

On March 2, 2006, we announced that we had entered into a binding bought deal agreement to raise gross proceeds of Canadian $14,940,000 from the sale of 3,600,000 common shares at a price of Canadian $4.15 per share. We have agreed to grant the underwriters an over-allotment option to purchase an additional 540,000 common shares (15% of the offering) at Canadian $4.15 per share. The co-lead underwriters for the offering are GMP Securities L.P. and TD Securities Inc. The offering is scheduled to close on March 21, 2006. We anticipate using the proceeds of the offering for general corporate purposes, for potential acquisitions (as yet unidentified) and for working capital.



APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES



Our financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with US GAAP. Preparing financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are affected by management’s application of accounting policies. Estimates are deemed critical when a different estimate could have reasonably been used or where changes in the estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period and would materially impact our financial condition or results of operation. Our significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for 2006.

Our management has discussed the development, selection and application of our critical accounting policies with the audit committee of the Board of Directors. In addition, the Board of Directors has reviewed the disclosures in this MD&A.
 


The following discusses the critical accounting estimates and assumptions that management has made under these policies and how they affect the amounts reported in the 2006 consolidated financial statements:

Revenue recognition
In recognizing revenue, we make estimates and assumptions on factors such as the probability of collection of the revenue from the customer, whether the sales price is fixed or determinable, the amount of revenue to allocate to individual elements in a multiple element arrangement, and other matters. We make these estimates and assumptions using our past experience, taking into account any other current information that may be relevant. These estimates and assumptions may differ from the actual outcome for a given customer which could impact operating results in a future period.

Long-Lived Assets
We test long-lived assets for recoverability when events or changes in circumstances indicate evidence of impairment.

In connection with business acquisitions that we have completed, we identify and estimate the fair value of net assets acquired, including certain identifiable intangible assets other than goodwill and liabilities assumed in the acquisitions. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired is assigned to goodwill. Intangible assets include customer agreements and relationships, non-compete covenants, existing technologies and trade names. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. An impairment loss is recognized when the estimate of undiscounted future cash flows generated by such assets is less than the carrying amount. Measurement of the impairment loss is based on the present value of the expected future cash flows. Our impairment analysis contains estimates due to the inherently judgmental nature of forecasting long-term estimated cash flows and determining the ultimate useful lives of assets. Actual results will differ, which could materially impact our impairment assessment.

In the case of goodwill, we test for impairment at least annually at October 31 of each year and at any other time if any event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce our enterprise value below our carrying amount. Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value of each reporting unit. Significant judgments required to estimate the fair value of reporting units include estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and/or goodwill impairment for each reporting unit.

Litigation 
We are currently involved in litigation that is described in the Commitments, Contingencies, Guarantees and Variable Interest Entities section of this MD&A and in Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for 2006. We are also subject to a variety of other claims and suits that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. We make certain judgments and estimates relating to potential future gains or losses that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur, and the likelihood of such events occurring or failing to occur. To the extent that any litigation, claims or suits are not resolved in our favor and result in us being required to pay an amount in excess of what we provided for in the financial statements, we would be required to record, against earnings, such excess at that time. If the resolution resulted in a gain, or a loss less than that provided for, such gain would be recognized when received or receivable.

Income Taxes
We believe that we have adequately provided for income taxes based on all of the information that is currently available. Tax filings are subject to audits, which could materially change the amount of current and future income tax assets and liabilities. As outlined in Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for 2006, we have recorded a valuation allowance for the full amount of our net deferred tax assets, resulting in no deferred tax
 

 
asset being recorded on our balance sheet. Any change to the valuation allowance of the deferred tax asset would result in an income tax recovery on the statement of operations. If we achieve a consistent level of profitability the likelihood of recording a deferred tax asset for some portion of the losses incurred in prior periods in one of our business jurisdictions will increase.



CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES



Stock-based compensation
At January 31, 2006, we had various stock-based employee compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for 2006. We account for those plans in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB 25”), and related Interpretations. No stock-based employee compensation cost is reflected in income (other than those options that relate to a certain acquisition), as no options granted under those plans had an exercise price less than the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant.

The following table illustrates the effect on net income and earnings per share if we had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” as amended by SFAS 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation—Transition and Disclosure an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123” for the periods indicated (in thousands of dollars, except per share data):

       
Year Ended
January 31,
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
2004
Net income (loss) - As reported
2,989
(55,331)
(38,493)
Add: Stock-based compensation - As reported
136
137
171
Less: Total stock-based compensation expense determined under the fair value based method for all awards
 
(1,341)
 
(1,874)
 
(5,458)
Net income (loss) - Pro forma
1,784
(57,068)
(43,780)
       
Earnings (loss) per share - Basic and diluted
     
As reported
0.07
(1.36)
(0.84)
Pro forma
0.04
(1.40)
(0.95)

The fair value of stock option grants is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

       
Year Ended
January 31,
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
2004
Black-Scholes weighted average assumptions:
     
Expected dividend yield
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Expected volatility
67.0%
68.0%
83.0%
Risk-free rate
3.4%
3.6%
3.9%
Expected option life in years
5.0
4.4
4.0
Weighted average fair value per option
$1.20
$0.84
$1.64


 

 
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS



In December 2003, FASB issued Interpretation No. 46R (“FIN 46R”), a revision to Interpretation No. 46 (“FIN 46”), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities”. FIN 46R clarifies some of the provisions of FIN 46 and exempts certain entities from its requirements. FIN 46R became effective in 2005. The adoption of FIN 46R did not have a material impact on our financial statements, as we do not have any interests in variable interest entities in which we would be considered to be the primary beneficiary. In March 2005, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. 46(R)-5, “Implicit Variable Interests under FASB Interpretation No. 46 (revised December 2003), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FSP FIN 46R-5”). FSP FIN 46R-5 provides guidance for a reporting enterprise on whether it holds an implicit variable interest in variable interest entities (“VIEs”) or potential VIEs when specific conditions exist. This FSP will become effective in 2007.

On December 16, 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004) “Share Based Payment” (“FAS 123R”). FAS 123R requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share- based payments. On April 14, 2005, the SEC amended the compliance date for FAS 123R to require SEC registrants to implement FAS 123R for their first fiscal year commencing after June 15, 2005 (which, for us, would be fiscal 2007). Absent any further pronouncements impacting the effective date of FAS 123R, we currently intend to adopt FAS 123R in 2007 using the modified prospective approach, as allowed under the transitional methods of FAS 123R. We expect such adoption to result in a compensation expense of approximately $1 million in 2007 based on the options outstanding at January 31, 2006. Additional stock options granted after January 31, 2006 will be accounted for at fair value and will result in additional compensation expense.

In March 2005, the SEC released Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, “Share-Based Payments” (“SAB 107”). SAB 107 provides the SEC staff position regarding the application of FAS 123R. SAB 107 contains interpretive guidance related to the interaction between FAS 123R and certain SEC rules and regulations, as well as provides the SEC staff’s views regarding the valuation of share-based payment arrangements for public companies. SAB 107 also highlights the importance of disclosures made related to the accounting for share-based payment transactions. We are currently evaluating SAB 107 and will be incorporating it as part of our adoption of FAS 123R.

In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 153, “Exchange of Nonmonetary Assets, an amendment of APB Opinion No. 29” (“FAS 153”). FAS 153 eliminates the exception for nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets, which were previously required to be recorded on a carryover basis rather than a fair value basis. Instead, this statement provides that exchanges of nonmonetary assets that do not have commercial substance be reported at carryover basis rather than a fair value basis. A nonmonetary exchange is considered to have commercial substance if the future cash flows of the entity are expected to change significantly as a result of the exchange. The provisions of this statement are effective for nonmonetary asset exchanges occurring in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005. The adoption of FAS 153 is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections” (“FAS 154”), which replaces APB Opinion No. 20, “Accounting Changes,, and SFAS No. 3, “Reporting Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements - An Amendment of APB Opinion No. 28.” FAS 154 provides guidance on the accounting for and reporting of changes in accounting principles and error corrections. FAS 154 requires retrospective application to prior period financial statements of voluntary changes in accounting principle and changes required by new accounting standards when the standard does not include specific transition provisions, unless it is impracticable to do so. FAS 154 also requires certain disclosures for restatements due to correction of
 

 
an error. FAS 154 is effective for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005, and is required to be adopted by us in the first quarter of fiscal 2007. The impact that the adoption of FAS 154 will have on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition will depend on the nature of future accounting changes adopted by us and the nature of transitional guidance provided in future accounting pronouncements.

In November 2005, the FASB issued FSP FAS 115-1 and FAS 124-1, “The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments” (“FSP 115-1”), which provides guidance on determining when investments in certain debt and equity securities are considered impaired, whether that impairment is other-than-temporary, and on measuring such impairment loss. FSP 115-1 also includes accounting considerations subsequent to the recognition of an other-than-temporary impairment and requires certain disclosures about unrealized losses that have not been recognized as other-than-temporary impairments. FSP 115-1 is required to be applied to reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2005 and is required to be adopted by us in the first quarter of fiscal 2007. We are currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of FSP 115-1 will have on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition but we do not expect it to have a material impact.



DISCLOSURE CONTROLS



As of the end of the period covered by this MD&A, our Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures and, based upon that review and evaluation, concluded that those disclosure controls and procedures were effective.



FISCAL 2007 OUTLOOK



This section discusses our outlook for 2007 as of the date of this MD&A, and contains forward-looking statements.

Our business may be impacted from time to time by the general cyclical and seasonal nature of particular modes of transportation and the freight market in general, as well as the industries that such markets serve. Factors which may create cyclical fluctuations in such modes of transportation, or the freight market in general, include legal and regulatory requirements; timing of contract renewals between our customers and their own customers; seasonal-based tariffs; vacation periods applicable to particular shipping or receiving nations; weather-related events that impact shipping in particular geographies (such as Hurricane Katrina in the United States); and amendments to international trade agreements.

In the fourth quarter and year ended January 31, 2006 our services revenues comprised approximately 90% and 89%, respectively, of our total revenues for these periods, with the balance being license revenues. We anticipate that our revenues for 2007 will again remain predominantly services revenues, fueled by our Global Logistics Network and continued migration of customers using our legacy license-based products to our services-based LNOS architecture. We do, however, anticipate maintaining the flexibility to license our products to those customers who prefer to buy the products in that fashion. License revenue is particularly generated by products in our Delivery Management suite. Further to recent investments in our sales and marketing functions, we anticipate our focus on sales of these solutions will accelerate in 2007 and this may result in the proportion of license revenues to services revenues increasing.
 


In 2007, we intend to manage our business with our operating expenses at a level below our visible and recurring revenues. We believe that our existing services infrastructure provides us with opportunities to increase our services gross margin if aggregate services revenues increase above their 2006 levels. In addition, we intend to maintain the flexibility in our business model to enable our customers to elect to license technology rather than subscribe to services, though we intend to manage and plan cost levels for the business with the expectation that license revenues will be reduced to levels below those experienced in 2006. Given this, and given the historically higher gross margin we have seen from licenses of our technology, we anticipate that if license revenues are higher than our expectations, that this will contribute positively to our bottom line.

We have significant contracts with our license customers for ongoing support and maintenance as well as significant service contracts, particularly for our ocean products, that provide recurring services revenues to us. In addition, our installed customer base has historically generated additional new license and services revenues for us. Service contracts are generally renewable at a customer’s option, and there are generally no mandatory payment obligations or obligations to license additional software or subscribe for additional services. We have undertaken a concerted effort with our user base to encourage them to migrate from our older legacy products and services that we no longer wish to support, to our newer LNOS-based products and services. As a consequence of this effort, we may terminate our relationships with certain customers or these customers may elect to terminate their use of our products and services. Over the next 12 months, we anticipate that we may lose 10% or more of our aggregate revenue from these types of customers and there can be no assurance that we will be able to replace that revenue with new revenue from new customer relationships or from existing customers.

We anticipate that in 2007, the significant majority of our business will continue to be in the Americas, with the EMEA region being the bulk of the remainder of our business. We currently have some significant opportunities in the EMEA region and will focus on increasing revenues from this region.

In 2005 and 2006, the amount we spent on sales and marketing was significantly reduced as we focused our sales efforts on our existing customer base. We anticipate that in 2007, as our LNOS-based products mature, we will advance our efforts in selling our products to new customers and that this will correspondingly increase the amount that we spend on sales and marketing.

We have completed all activities under our restructuring initiatives, and we do not currently anticipate any significant restructuring charges in 2007 related to those plans.

We estimate that amortization expense for existing intangible assets will be $1.0 million for 2007, decreasing to $0.2 million for 2008, to $0.1 million for 2009 and to $0.1 million for 2010.

In 2006 we spent $1.2 million on capital expenditures and do not expect that 2007 expenditures will be above that level.

Beginning in the first quarter of 2007, we intend to adopt FAS 123R (as defined in the section “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” described later in this MD&A). We expect such adoption to result in a compensation expense of approximately $1 million in 2007 based on the options outstanding at January 31, 2006. Additional stock options granted after January 31, 2006 will be accounted for at fair value and will result in additional compensation expense.

On June 30, 2005, we repaid our outstanding convertible debentures. As a result, we anticipate that there will be no interest expense in 2007 absent us undertaking additional debt financing activities.

We incur a significant portion of our expenses in Canadian dollars relative to the amount of revenue we receive in Canadian dollars, so increases in the value of the Canadian dollar relative to the US dollar will negatively impact our earnings. At January 31, 2006, the value of the Canadian dollar was 88% of the value of the US dollar. As of March 5, 2006, the Canadian dollar was valued at a level relative to the US dollar that was among the highest
 

 
levels in twenty years. We currently have no specific hedging program in place to address fluctuations in the Canadian-US dollar exchange rate. We can make no accurate prediction of what will happen with the Canadian-US dollar exchange rate during fiscal 2007.

In September 2005, we announced the commencement of a normal course issuer bid that enables us to purchase, if and when we choose from time to time until September 19, 2006, up to an aggregate of 3,067,646 common shares. If we purchase shares pursuant to this normal course issuer bid, we anticipate making the purchases from available cash resources, resulting in a potential reduction in cash and outstanding common shares. We have not made any purchases pursuant to the normal course issuer bid.

On March 2, 2006, we announced that we had entered into a binding bought deal agreement to raise gross proceeds of Canadian $14,940,000 from the sale of 3,600,000 common shares at a price of Canadian $4.15 per share. We have agreed to grant the underwriters an over-allotment option to purchase an additional 540,000 common shares (15% of the offering) at Canadian $4.15 per share. The co-lead underwriters for the offering are GMP Securities L.P. and TD Securities Inc. The offering is scheduled to close on March 21, 2006. We anticipate using the proceeds of the offering for general corporate purposes, for potential acquisitions (as yet unidentified) and for working capital.

We intend to actively explore business combinations in 2007 to add complementary services, products and customers to our existing businesses. Depending on the size and scope of any such business combination, or series of contemplated business combinations, we may need to raise additional debt or equity capital.

At January 31, 2006, our aggregate headcount was 224 people. In 2007 we intend to continue to invest in sales and marketing resources and accordingly anticipate a slight increase in aggregate headcount by the end of 2007.


 
CERTAIN FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS



Any investment in us will be subject to risks inherent to our business. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks described below together with all other information included in this report. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are not aware of or focused on or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. This report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors.

If any of the following risks actually occur, they could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity or results of operations. In that case, the trading price of our securities could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment.

We have a history of losses and may incur losses in the future.
We incurred a loss in 2005 as well as in prior fiscal quarters and fiscal years. We were profitable in each quarter of 2006, cumulatively generating net income of $3.0 million in 2006. While we are encouraged by this profit, the first two quarters of 2006 benefited from one-time gains on the disposition of an asset, and there can be no assurance that we will not incur losses again in the future. As of January 31, 2006, our accumulated deficit was $407.7 million. We believe that the success of our business depends on our ability to keep our operating expenses to a level at or below our revenues. There can be no assurance that we can generate further expense reductions or achieve revenue growth, or that any expense reductions or revenue growth that are achieved can be sustained, to enable us to do so. Any failure to maintain profitability would increase the possibility that the value of your investment will decline.
 


Our existing customers might cancel existing contracts with us, fail to renew contracts on their renewal dates, or fail to purchase additional services and products.
We depend on our installed customer base for a significant portion of our revenues. We have significant contracts with our license customers for ongoing support and maintenance as well as significant service contracts, particularly for our ocean products that provide recurring services revenues to us. In addition, our installed customer base has historically generated additional new license and services revenues for us. Service contracts are generally renewable at a customer’s option, and there are generally no mandatory payment obligations or obligations to license additional software or subscribe for additional services. If our customers fail to renew their service contracts, or fail to purchase additional services or products, then our revenues could decrease and our operating results could be adversely affected. Over the next 12 months we could lose 10% or more of our revenue from these existing customers and there can be no assurance that we will be able to replace that revenue with new revenue from new customer relationships or from existing customers. Further, certain of our customers could delay or terminate implementations or use of our services and products or be reluctant to migrate to new products for reasons including: budgetary constraints related to economic uncertainty; dissatisfaction with product or service quality; difficulty in prioritizing a surplus of information technology projects; changes in business strategy or priorities; or for other reasons. Such customers will not generate the revenues anticipated within the timelines anticipated, if at all, and may be less likely to invest in additional services or products from us in the future. This could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Making and integrating acquisitions could impair our operating results. 
We have in the past and in the future may seek to acquire additional products or businesses that we believe are complementary to ours. Acquisitions involve a number of risks, including: diversion of management’s attention; disruption of our ongoing business; difficulties in integrating and retaining all or part of the acquired business and its personnel; assumption of disclosed and undisclosed liabilities; dealing with unfamiliar laws, customs and practices in foreign jurisdictions; and the effectiveness of the acquired company’s internal controls and procedures. The individual or combined effect of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business. As well, in paying for an acquisition we may deplete our cash resources or dilute our shareholder base by issuing additional shares. Furthermore, there is the risk that our valuation assumptions and our models for an acquired product or business may be erroneous or inappropriate due to foreseen or unforeseen circumstances and thereby cause us to overvalue an acquisition target. There is also the risk that the contemplated benefits of an acquisition may not materialize as planned or may not materialize within the time period or to the extent anticipated.
 
Some of our customers operate in industries that have been experiencing declining demand or consolidation of participants. If these industries continue to experience economic difficulties or consolidate, then these customers may generate less revenue for our business.
Some of our customers operate in industries that have experienced declines in demand and reduced or negative growth. Other customers operate in industries in which the volumes of trade and/or shipments have decreased considerably. If these industries continue to experience difficulties, it could adversely affect our business and our ability to collect receivables from these customers. Also, some industries are experiencing consolidation of participants to gain efficiencies, such as the ocean carrier market and the less-than-truckload/truckload transportation industry, which could result in the significant decline in, or disappearance of, the revenues that we receive from our consolidating customers.

The general cyclical and seasonal nature of our business may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our business may be impacted from time to time by the general cyclical and seasonal nature of particular modes of transportation and the freight market in general, as well as the cyclical and seasonal nature of the industries that such markets serve. Factors which may create cyclical fluctuations in such modes of transportation or the freight market in general include legal and regulatory requirements, timing of contract renewals between our customers and their own customers, seasonal-based tariffs, vacation periods applicable to particular shipping or receiving
 

 
nations, weather-related events that impact shipping in particular geographies (such as Hurricane Katrina in the United States) and amendments to international trade agreements. Since some of our revenues from particular products and services are tied to the volume of shipments being processed, adverse fluctuations in the volume of global shipments or shipments in any particular mode of transportation may affect our revenues and have a material adverse affect on our business, results of operations and/or financial condition. Our services revenues are also somewhat subject to seasonal shipment volume trends across the various modes of transportation we serve. For example, in our first fiscal quarter, we historically have seen lower shipment volumes in air and truck which impact the aggregate number of transactions flowing through out business document exchange. In the second fiscal quarter, we historically have seen an increase in ocean services revenues as ocean carriers are involved in customer contract negotiation. In the third quarter, we typically see shipment and transaction volumes at their highest and, in the fourth quarter, various holidays impact the aggregate number of shipping days in the quarter which historically has adversely impacted the number of transactions we process. Changes or increases in these seasonal variations could have an adverse impact on our revenues.

Recent increases in fuel prices may have an adverse effect on the businesses of our customers resulting in them spending less money with us.
Our customers are all involved, directly or indirectly, in the delivery of goods from one point to another - particularly carriers and freight forwarders. As the costs of these deliveries become more expensive, whether as a result of the recent increases in fuel costs or otherwise, our customers may have fewer funds available to spend on our products and services. While it is possible that the demand for our products and services will increase as companies look for ways to reduce fleet size and fuel use and recognize that our products and services are designed to make their deliveries more cost-efficient, there can be no assurance that these companies will be able to allocate sufficient funds to use our products and services.

Disruptions in the movement of freight could harm our business.
Our business is highly dependent on the movement of freight from one point to another as we generate transaction revenues as freight is moved by, to or from our customers. If there are disruptions in the movement of freight, whether as a result of weather or natural disaster (such as Hurricane Katrina in the United States) or caused by terrorist, political or security activities (such as were experienced in September 2001), or otherwise, then our revenues will be adversely affected. As these types of freight disruptions are generally unpredictable, there can be no assurance that our revenues will not be adversely affected by such events.

If we need additional capital in the future and are unable to obtain it as needed or can only obtain it on unfavorable terms, our operations may be adversely affected, and the market price for our securities could decline.
Historically, we have financed our operations primarily through cash flows from our operations, long-term borrowings, and the sale of our debt and equity securities. On June 30, 2005, we paid $27.7 million to satisfy outstanding principal and interest on the maturity of all of our remaining convertible debentures. As of January 31, 2006, we had cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of approximately $33.0 million and a $4.4 million operating line of credit of which $3.9 million is unutilized. On March 2, 2006, we announced that we had entered into a binding bought deal agreement to raise gross proceeds of Canadian $14,940,000 from the sale of 3,600,000 common shares at a price of Canadian $4.15 per share. We have agreed to grant the underwriters an over-allotment option to purchase an additional 540,000 common shares (15% of the offering) at Canadian $4.15 per share. The underwriters may, at their discretion, terminate their obligations to purchase shares under the offering on the basis of their assessment of the state of financial markets and upon the occurrence of certain stated events. The offering is scheduled to close on March 21, 2006. We anticipate using the proceeds of the offering for general corporate purposes, for potential acquisitions (as yet unidentified) and for working capital. The securities being offered have not, nor will be, registered under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and may not be offered or sold within the US or to, or for the account or benefit of, US persons absent US registration or an applicable exemption from US registration requirements.
 


While we believe we have sufficient liquidity to fund our operating requirements for 2007, we may need to raise additional debt or equity capital to fund expansion of our operations, to enhance our services and products, or to acquire or invest in complementary products, services, businesses or technologies. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of convertible debt or equity securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences, and privileges superior to those attaching to our common stock. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital-raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. In addition, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If adequate funds are not available on terms favorable to us, our operations and growth strategy may be adversely affected and the market price for our common stock could decline.

Our revenue and results of operations, which may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and therefore be difficult to predict, may fail to meet investment community expectations.
Our revenues and results of operations results have varied significantly from quarter to quarter in the past, making them difficult to predict, and we expect our revenues and operating results may continue to vary from quarter to quarter in the future due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. Such factors include, but are not limited to:
·  
The termination of any key customer contract, whether by the customer or by us;
·  
Legal costs incurred in bringing or defending any litigation with customers and third-party providers, and any corresponding judgments or awards;
·  
Fluctuations in the demand for our services and products;
·  
Price and functionality competition in our industry;
·  
Changes in the productivity of, and costs associated with, our distribution channels and international operations;
·  
Changes in legislation and accounting standards relating to revenue recognition and stock-based compensation;
·  
Any further restructuring charges or changes in assumptions related to our restructuring initiatives;
·  
Our ability to satisfy all contractual obligations in customer contracts and deliver services and products to the satisfaction of our customers; and
·  
Other risk factors discussed in this report.

Although our revenues may fluctuate from quarter to quarter, significant portions of our expenses are not variable in the short term, and we may not be able to reduce them quickly to respond to decreases in revenues. If revenues are below expectations, this shortfall is likely to adversely and/or disproportionately affect our operating results. Accordingly, we may not attain positive operating margins in future quarters. This has caused our operating results to be below the expectations of securities analysts and investors in certain instances in the past and may do so again in the future. Our failure to meet or exceed analyst and investor expectations could negatively affect the price of our securities.

Downward pricing pressure on certain products and services may not be compensated for by increased volumes of transactions or increased prices elsewhere in our business, resulting in less revenue for our business.
Some of our products and services are sold to industries where there is downward pricing pressure on the particular product or service due to competition, general industry conditions or other causes. We may attempt to deal with this pricing pressure by committing these customers to volumes of activity so that we may better control our costs. In addition, we may attempt to offset this pricing pressure by securing better margins on other products or services sold to the customer, or to other customers elsewhere in our business. If any downward pricing pressure cannot be so offset, then the particular customer may generate less revenue for our business or we may have less aggregate revenue. This could have an adverse impact on our operating results.
 


From time to time, we may be subject to additional litigation or dispute resolution that could result in significant costs to us and damage to our reputation.
From time to time, we may be subject to additional litigation or dispute resolution relating to any number or type of claims, including claims for damages related to undetected errors or malfunctions of our services and products or their deployment, and claims relating to applicable securities laws. A product liability, patent infringement or securities class action claim could seriously harm our business because of the costs of defending the lawsuit, diversion of employees’ time and attention, and potential damage to our reputation.

Further, our services and products are complex and often implemented by our customers to interact with third-party technology or networks. Claims may be made against us for damages properly attributable to those third-party technologies or networks, regardless of our responsibility for any failure resulting in a loss - even if our services and products perform in accordance with their functional specifications. We may also have disputes with key suppliers for damages incurred which, depending on resolution of the disputes, could impact the ongoing quality, price or availability of the services or products we procure from the supplier. While our agreements with our customers, suppliers and other third-parties may contain provisions designed to limit exposure to potential claims, these limitation of liability provisions may not be enforceable under the laws of some jurisdictions. As a result, we could be required to pay substantial amounts of damages in settlement or upon the determination of any of these types of claims, and incur damage to the reputation of Descartes and our products. The likelihood of such claims and the amount of damages we may be required to pay may increase as our customers increasingly use our services and products for critical business functions, or rely on our services and products as the systems of record to store data for use by other customer applications. Although we carry general liability and directors and officers insurance, our insurance may not cover potential claims, or may not be adequate to cover all costs incurred in defense of potential claims or to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed.

If we fail to attract and retain key personnel, it would adversely affect our ability to develop and effectively manage our business.
Our performance is substantially dependent on the performance of our key technical and senior management personnel. We do not maintain life insurance policies on any of our employees. Our success is highly dependent on our continuing ability to identify, hire, train, motivate, promote, and retain highly qualified management, technical, and sales and marketing personnel, including key technical and senior management personnel. Competition for such personnel is always strong. Our inability to attract or retain the necessary management, technical, and sales and marketing personnel, or to attract such personnel on a timely basis, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and the price of our securities. Since March 2004, our workforce has been reduced by almost 45% and included the departures of many members of management, including our CEO and CFO. We have made additional recent changes to our management team with the addition of three executive vice-presidents, Greg Cronin, Chris Jones and Mark Weisberger, and the departure of another executive vice-president, Bruce Gordon. There can be no assurance that these changes and the resulting transition will not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation, financial condition and the price of our securities.

Recent changes in requirements relating to accounting treatment for employee stock options may force us to change our business practices and result in additional expenses that may materially adversely affect our business.
Recent changes implemented by accounting standards organizations and governmental authorities, specifically FAS 123R, will soon require us to treat the value of past and future stock options granted to employees as a compensation expense. As a result, we may reevaluate our stock option compensation practices including the number of stock options granted to employees. In the absence of alternative cash or other compensation plans to replace any reduced benefits to employees under the stock option plan, this change could affect our ability to retain existing employees, attract qualified candidates, or otherwise materially adversely affect our business. In addition, the incremental expense will make it more difficult to maintain profitability, which could, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our business.
 


We may have exposure to greater than anticipated tax liabilities.
We are subject to income taxes and non-income taxes in a variety of jurisdictions and our tax structure is subject to review by both domestic and foreign taxation authorities. The determination of our worldwide provision for income taxes and other tax liabilities requires significant judgment. Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, the ultimate tax outcome may differ from the amounts recorded in our financial statements and may materially affect our financial results in the period or periods for which such determination is made.

We may have increasing difficulty obtaining and maintaining cost-effective insurance which may have a material adverse effect on our business and restrict our ability to attract and retain outside directors.
We obtain insurance to cover a variety of potential risks and liabilities. In the current market, insurance coverage is becoming more restrictive. When insurance coverage is offered, the deductible for which we are responsible is larger and premiums have increased substantially, particularly with respect to our director and officer liability insurance. As a result, it may, in the future, become more difficult to maintain insurance coverage at historical levels, or, if such coverage is available, the cost to obtain or maintain it may increase substantially. This is especially so where we have claims experience pursuant to a particular policy, such as the settlement of the class action litigation announced in 2005 for $1.5 million of which our insurers paid $1.1 million. If insurance is more difficult, or unable, to be obtained then this may result in our being forced to bear the burden of an increased portion of risks for which we have traditionally been covered by insurance, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. This could also restrict our ability to attract and retain outside directors to our Board of Directors.

Our common stock price has in the past been volatile and may also be volatile in the future.
The trading price of our common stock has in the past been subject to wide fluctuations and may also be subject to fluctuation in the future. This may make it more difficult for you to resell your common shares when you want at prices that you find attractive. These fluctuations may be caused by events unrelated to our operating performance and beyond our control. Factors that may contribute to fluctuations include, but are not limited to:
·  
Revenue or results of operations in any quarter failing to meet the expectations, published or otherwise, of the investment community;
·  
Changes in recommendations or financial estimates by industry or investment analysts;
·  
Changes in management;
·  
Outcomes of litigation or arbitration proceedings;
·  
Announcements of technological innovations or acquisitions by us or by our competitors;
·  
Introduction of new products or significant customer wins or losses by us or by our competitors;
·  
Developments with respect to our intellectual property rights or those of our competitors;
·  
Rumors or dissemination of false and/or misleading information;
·  
Fluctuations in the stock prices of other companies in the technology and emerging growth sectors;
·  
General market conditions; and
·  
Other risk factors set out in this report.

If the market price of a company’s stock drops significantly, stockholders could institute securities class action lawsuits against that company, regardless of the merits of such claims. Such a lawsuit could cause us to incur substantial costs and could divert the time and attention of our management and other resources from our business.

We could be exposed to business risks in our international operations that could cause our operating results to suffer.
While our headquarters are in North America, we currently have direct operations in both Europe and the Asia Pacific region. We anticipate that these international operations will continue to require significant management attention and financial resources to localize our services and products for delivery in these markets, to develop
 

 
compliance expertise relating to international regulatory agencies, and to develop direct and indirect sales and support channels in those markets. We face a number of risks associated with conducting our business internationally that could negatively impact our operating results, including:
·  
Longer collection time from foreign clients, particularly in the Asia Pacific region;
·  
Difficulty in repatriating cash from certain foreign jurisdictions;
·  
Language barriers, conflicting international business practices, and other difficulties related to the management and administration of a global business;
·  
Difficulties and costs of staffing and managing geographically disparate direct and indirect operations;
·  
Currency fluctuations and exchange and tariff rates;
·  
Multiple, and possibly overlapping, tax structures and the burden of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws;
·  
Trade restrictions;
·  
The need to consider characteristics unique to technology systems used internationally;
·  
Economic or political instability in some markets; and
·  
Other risk factors set out in this report.

Changes in the value of the US dollar, as compared to the currencies of other countries where we transact business, could harm our operating results and financial condition.
To date, our international revenues have been denominated primarily in US dollars. However, the majority of our international expenses, including the wages of our non-US employees and certain key supply agreements, have been denominated in currencies other than the US dollar. Therefore, changes in the value of the US dollar as compared to these other currencies may materially adversely affect our operating results. We generally have not implemented hedging programs to mitigate our exposure to currency fluctuations affecting international accounts receivable, cash balances and intercompany accounts. We also have not hedged our exposure to currency fluctuations affecting future international revenues and expenses and other commitments. Accordingly, currency exchange rate fluctuations have caused, and may continue to cause, variability in our foreign currency denominated revenue streams and our cost to settle foreign currency denominated liabilities. In particular, we incur a significant portion of our expenses in Canadian dollars relative to the amount of revenue we receive in Canadian dollars, so fluctuations in the Canadian-US dollar exchange rate could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If we are unable to generate broad market acceptance of our services, products and pricing, serious harm could result to our business.
We currently derive substantially all of our revenues from our supply chain services and products and expect to do so in the future. Broad market acceptance of these types of services and products, and their related pricing, is therefore critical to our future success. The demand for, and market acceptance of, our services and products are subject to a high level of uncertainty. Our services and products are often considered complex and may involve a new approach to the conduct of business by our customers. Intensive marketing and sales efforts may be necessary to educate prospective customers regarding the uses and benefits of these services and products in order to generate demand. There can be no assurance, however, that such efforts will enable us to maintain our current level of market acceptance or to achieve any additional degree of market acceptance. The market for our services and products may weaken, competitors may develop superior services and products, or we may fail to develop acceptable services and products to address new market conditions. Any one of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may not remain competitive. Increased competition could seriously harm our business.
The market for supply chain technology is highly competitive and subject to rapid technological change. We expect that competition will increase in the future. To maintain and improve our competitive position, we must continue to develop and introduce in a timely and cost effective manner new products, product features and network services to keep pace with our competitors. Current and potential competitors include supply chain
 

 
application software vendors, customer internal development efforts, value-added networks and business document exchanges, enterprise resource planning software vendors, and general business application software vendors. Many of our current and potential competitors may have one or more of the following relative advantages:
·  
Longer operating history;
·  
Greater financial, technical, marketing, sales, distribution and other resources;
·  
Lower cost structure and more profitable operations;
·  
Superior product functionality in specific areas;
·  
Greater name recognition;
·  
A broader range of products to offer;
·  
Better performance;
·  
A larger installed base of customers;
·  
Established relationships with customers that we are targeting; or
·  
Greater worldwide presence.

Further, current and potential competitors have established, or may establish, cooperative relationships and business combinations among themselves or with third parties to enhance their products, which may result in increased competition. In addition, we expect to experience increasing price competition and competition surrounding other commercial terms as we compete for market share. In particular, larger competitors or competitors with a broader range of services and products may bundle their products, rendering our products more expensive and/or relatively less functional. As a result of these and other factors, we may be unable to compete successfully with our existing or new competitors.

System or network failures or breaches in connection with our services and products could reduce our sales, impair our reputation, increase costs or result in liability claims, and seriously harm our business.
Any disruption to our services and products, our own information systems or communications networks or those of third-party providers upon whom we rely as part of our own product offerings, including the Internet, could result in the inability of our customers to receive our products for an indeterminate period of time. Our services and products may not function properly for any of the following reasons:
·  
System or network failure;
·  
Interruption in the supply of power;
·  
Virus proliferation;
·  
Security breaches;
·  
Earthquake, fire, flood or other natural disaster; or
·  
An act of war or terrorism.

Although we have made significant investments, both internally and with third-party providers, in redundant and back-up systems for some of our services and products, these systems may be insufficient or may fail and result in a disruption of availability of our products or services to our customers. Any disruption to our services could impair our reputation and cause us to lose customers or revenue, or face litigation, customer service or repair work that would involve substantial costs and distract management from operating our business.

If the development of our services and products fails to keep pace with our industry’s rapid evolution, our future results may be materially adversely affected.
The markets for our services and products are subject to rapid technological change, changing customer needs, frequent new product introductions and evolving industry standards. We have historically been successful in keeping pace with, if not leading, these changes, but if we fail to do so in the future, our services and products may be rendered less competitive or obsolete. Our services and product development and testing efforts have required, and are expected to continue to require, substantial investments and may take significant periods of time. We may not possess sufficient resources to continue to make future necessary investments in technology on a
 

 
timely basis or complete the developments that we have already undertaken. Cutbacks in our workforce could lengthen the time necessary to develop our products or cause us to abandon certain development. In addition, we may not successfully identify new product opportunities, or develop and bring new services and products to market in a timely and efficient manner.

Our growth and future operating results will depend, in part, upon our ability to continue to enhance existing services and products and develop and introduce new services and products or capabilities that:
·  
Meet or exceed technological advances in the marketplace;
·  
Meet changing market and customer requirements, including rapid realization of benefits and the need to rapidly manage and analyze increasingly large volumes of data;
·  
Comply with changing industry standards and achieve market acceptance;
·  
Integrate with system platforms, operating environments and user interfaces commercially accepted from time to time; and
·  
Integrate third-party technology effectively and respond to competitive offerings.

If we are unable, for technological or other reasons, to develop and introduce new and enhanced services and products in a timely manner, we may lose existing customers or fail to attract new customers, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our efforts to develop and sustain strategic relationships to implement and promote our services and products may fail, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We are developing, maintaining and enhancing significant working relationships with complementary vendors, such as software companies, service providers, consulting firms, resellers and others that we believe can play important roles in marketing our services and products. We are currently investing, and intend to continue to invest, significant resources to develop and enhance these relationships, which could adversely affect our operating margins. We may be unable to develop relationships with organizations that will be able to market our products effectively. Our arrangements with these organizations are not exclusive and, in many cases, may be terminated by either party without cause. Many of the organizations with which we are developing or maintaining marketing relationships have commercial relationships with our competitors. There can be no assurance that any organization will continue its involvement with us or with our products. The loss of relationships with important organizations could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We depend on third-party providers for our services and product offerings and our business. If our relationships with any of these third-party providers are impaired, our business could be harmed.
We incorporate and include third-party services and products into and with our own services and products. We are likely to incorporate third-party services and products into our own services and products, and include additional third-party products in our service and product offerings, as we expand our own service and product offerings. In addition, we use third-party services and products as part of our own internal financial information systems. If our relations with any of our third-party providers are impaired such that we cannot secure access to their services or products on favorable terms, or if we are unable to obtain or develop a replacement for the third-party service or product, our business could be harmed. The operation of our own services and products or financial systems would be impaired if errors occur in the third-party products, or failures occur in the third-party services, that we utilize. It may be more difficult for us to correct any defects in third-party services or products because the services or products are not within our control. Accordingly, our business could be adversely affected in the event of any errors in these third-party products or failures of third-party services. There can be no assurance that these third-parties will continue to invest the appropriate levels of resources in their services and products to maintain and enhance their products’ capabilities.
 


Our success and ability to compete depends upon our ability to secure and protect patents, trademarks and other proprietary rights.
We consider certain aspects of our internal operations, our products, services and related documentation to be proprietary, and we primarily rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and other measures to protect our proprietary rights. Patent applications or issued patents, as well as trademark, copyright, and trade secret rights, may not provide adequate protection or competitive advantage and may require significant resources to obtain and defend. We also rely on contractual restrictions in our agreements with customers, employees, outsourced developers and others to protect our intellectual property rights. There can be no assurance that these agreements will not be breached, that we have adequate remedies for any breach, or that our patents, copyrights, trademarks or trade secrets will not otherwise become known. Moreover, the laws of some countries do not protect proprietary intellectual property rights as effectively as do the laws of the United States and of Canada. Protecting and defending our intellectual property rights could be costly regardless of venue. Through an escrow arrangement, we have granted some of our customers a contingent future right to use our source code for software products solely for internal maintenance services. If our source code is accessed through an escrow, the likelihood of misappropriation or other misuse of our intellectual property may increase.

Claims that we infringe third-party proprietary rights could trigger indemnification obligations and result in significant expenses or restrictions on our ability to provide our products or services.
Competitors and other third-parties have claimed and in the future may claim that our current or future services or products infringe their proprietary rights or assert other claims against us. Many of our competitors have obtained patents covering products and services generally related to our products and services, and they may assert these patents against us. Such claims, whether with or without merit, could be time consuming and expensive to litigate or settle and could divert management attention from focusing on our core business. As a result of such a dispute, we may have to pay damages, incur substantial legal fees, suspend the sale or deployment of our services and products, develop costly non-infringing technology, if possible, or enter into license agreements, which may not be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any of these results would increase our expenses and could decrease the functionality of our services and products, which would make our services and products less attractive to our current or potential customers. We have agreed in some of our agreements, and may agree in the future, to indemnify other parties for any expenses or liabilities resulting from claimed infringements of the proprietary rights of third-parties. If we are required to make payments pursuant to these indemnification agreements, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
 
 




MANAGEMENT’S REPORT
 

 
To the Shareholders of The Descartes Systems Group Inc.

Management is responsible for the accompanying consolidated financial statements and all other information in this Annual Report. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America and necessarily include amounts that reflect management’s judgment and best estimates. Financial information contained elsewhere in this Annual Report is consistent with the consolidated financial statements.

Management has established systems of internal control that provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded from loss or unauthorized use and produce reliable accounting records for the preparation of financial information. The internal control process includes management’s communication to employees of policies that govern ethical business conduct.

The Board of Directors carries out its responsibilities for the consolidated financial statements through its Audit Committee, consisting solely of independent directors. The Audit Committee meets with management and independent auditors to review the consolidated financial statements and the internal controls as they relate to financial reporting. The Audit Committee reports its findings to the Board of Directors for its consideration in approving the consolidated financial statements for issuance to shareholders.

Deloitte & Touche LLP, appointed by the shareholders as Descartes’ independent auditors, conduct an examination of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Auditing Oversight Board (United States).



Signature
Signature
   
Arthur Mesher
Brandon Nussey
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Financial Officer
Waterloo, Ontario
Waterloo, Ontario
 

 

 
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  Deloitte & Touche LLP 
  4210 King Street East 
  Kitchener ON N2P 2G5 
  Canada 
   
  Tel: (519) 650-7729 
  Fax: (519) 650-7601 
  www.deloitte.ca 
 
Report of Independent Registered Chartered Accountants 


To the Shareholders of The Descartes Systems Group Inc.

We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of The Descartes Systems Group Inc. (the “Company”) as at January 31, 2006 and 2005 and the consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended January 31, 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). These standards require that we plan and perform an audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as at January 31, 2006 and 2005 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended January 31, 2006 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly we express no such opinion.



Signature

Independent Registered Chartered Accountants
February 27, 2006, except as to Note 16, which is as of March 2, 2006.


 
THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(US DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS; US GAAP)       
       
 
January 31,
 
January 31,
 
2006
 
2005
ASSETS
     
CURRENT ASSETS
     
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 3)
27,634
 
17,220
Marketable securities (Note 3)
5,367
 
31,534
Accounts receivable
     
Trade (Note 4)
5,188
 
7,097
Other
462
 
1,008
Prepaid expenses and other
651
 
1,325
 
39,302
 
58,184
CAPITAL ASSETS (Note 5)
6,039
 
6,966
LONG-TERM INVESTMENT (Note 6)
 
3,300
INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Note 7)
1,429
 
4,122
 
46,770
 
72,572
       
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
     
CURRENT LIABILITIES
     
Accounts payable
1,828
 
1,805
Accrued liabilities
3,750
 
5,429
Deferred revenue
2,776
 
2,605
Convertible debentures (Note 9)
 
26,995
 
8,354
 
36,834
       
COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND GUARANTEES (Note 10)
     
       
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
     
Common shares - unlimited shares authorized; Shares issued and outstanding totaled 40,723,800 at January 31, 2006 ( January 31, 2005 - 40,705,811) (Note 11)
21
 
364,907
Additional paid-in capital
446,565
 
81,658
Unearned deferred compensation
(57)
 
(193)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 11)
(375)
 
93
Accumulated deficit
(407,738)
 
(410,727)
 
38,416
 
35,738
 
46,770
 
72,572

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Approved by the Board:
 

Signature  Signature 
Director  Director 
 


THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(US DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS; US GAAP)
         
           
Year Ended     
January 31,
 
January 31,
 
January 31,
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
           
REVENUES
45,729
 
46,395
 
59,785
COST OF REVENUES
18,127
 
21,053
 
19,387
GROSS MARGIN
27,602
 
25,342
 
40,398
EXPENSES
         
Sales and marketing
8,488
 
18,172
 
31,843
Research and development
6,991
 
10,419
 
9,402
General and administrative
7,732
 
14,125
 
12,365
Amortization of intangible assets
2,693
 
4,142
 
5,339
Impairment of goodwill (Note 7)
200
 
18,238
 
Restructuring costs and asset impairment (Note 8)
(221)
 
14,050
 
18,784
 
25,883
 
79,146
 
77,733
INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS
1,719
 
(53,804)
 
(37,335)
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
         
Interest expense
(699)
 
(1,718)
 
(3,020)
Investment income
645
 
516
 
1,245
Gain on sale of long-term investment (Note 6)
1,420
 
 
Gain on purchase of convertible debentures (Note 9)
 
 
904
1,366
 
(1,202)
 
(871)
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES
3,085
 
(55,006)
 
(38,206)
INCOME TAX EXPENSE - CURRENT (Note 14)
96
 
325
 
287
NET INCOME (LOSS)
2,989
 
(55,331)
 
(38,493)
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
         
Basic and diluted (Note 12)
0.07
 
(1.36)
 
(0.84)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING (thousands)
         
Basic
40,711
 
40,706
 
45,951
Diluted
41,596
 
40,706
 
45,951

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 

 
THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(US DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS; US GAAP)
         
           
 
January 31,
 
January 31,
 
January 31,
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
Common shares
         
Balance, beginning of year
364,907
 
364,907
 
468,618
Reduction in stated capital (Note 11)
(364,907)
 
 
Shares repurchased (Note 11)
 
 
(103,874)
Stock options exercised
21
 
 
163
Balance, end of year
21
 
364,907
 
364,907
           
Additional paid-in capital
         
Balance, beginning of year
81,658
 
81,667
 
5,201
Reduction in stated capital (Note 11)
364,907
 
 
Shares repurchased (Note 11)
 
 
76,646
Unearned compensation related to issuance of stock options
 
(9)
 
(180)
Balance, end of year
446,565
 
81,658
 
81,667
           
Unearned deferred compensation
         
Balance, beginning of year
(193)
 
(339)
 
(690)
Deferred compensation earned on stock options
136
 
146
 
351
Balance, end of year
(57)
 
(193)
 
(339)
     
 
   
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
         
Balance, beginning of year
93
 
(387)
 
(1,506)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
(557)
 
444
 
1,253
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)
89
 
36
 
(134)
Balance, end of year
(375)
 
93
 
(387)
           
Accumulated deficit
         
Balance, beginning of year
(410,727)
 
(355,396)
 
(316,903)
Net income (loss)
2,989
 
(55,331)
 
(38,493)
Balance, end of year
(407,738)
 
(410,727)
 
(355,396)
           
Total Shareholders’ Equity
38,416
 
35,738
 
90,452

Comprehensive income (loss)
         
Net income (loss)
2,989
 
(55,331)
 
(38,493)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
   
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment
(557)
 
444
 
1,253
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)
89
 
36
 
(134)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
(468)
 
480
 
1,119
Comprehensive income (loss)
2,521
 
(54,851)
 
(37,374)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(US DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS; US GAAP)
         
           
Year Ended    
January 31,
 
January 31,
 
January 31,
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
         
Net income (loss)
2,989
 
(55,331)
 
(38,493)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
         
Depreciation
2,098
 
2,328
 
2,782
Amortization of intangible assets
2,693
 
4,142
 
5,339
Impairment of goodwill
200
 
18,238
 
Write-off of redundant assets
 
5,770
 
Amortization of convertible debenture costs
107
 
256
 
451
Amortization of deferred compensation
136
 
137
 
171
Gain on sale of long-term investment
(1,420)
 
 
Gain on purchase of convertible debentures
 
 
(904)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
         
Accounts receivable
         
Trade
1,909
 
5,889
 
1,050
Other
546
 
2,493
 
(682)
Prepaid expenses and other
567
 
1,933
 
(616)
Accounts payable
23
 
(2,938)
 
779
Accrued liabilities
(2,147)
 
2,300
 
(2,446)
Deferred revenue
171
 
(255)
 
(63)
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities
7,872
 
(15,038)
 
(32,632)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
         
Maturities of marketable securities
26,614
 
26,365
 
132,029
Sale of marketable securities
10,000
 
8,198
 
Purchase of marketable securities
(10,447)
 
(14,232)
 
(30,987)
Additions to capital assets
(1,171)
 
(1,060)
 
(5,744)
Sale of long-term investment
4,720
 
 
Acquisition of subsidiary
(200)
 
(200)
 
(335)
Cash provided by investing activities
29,516
 
19,071
 
94,963
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
         
Purchase of convertible debentures, including purchase costs
 
 
(43,274)
Repayment of convertible debentures
(26,995)
 
 
Purchase of common shares, including purchase costs
 
 
(27,228)
Issuance of common shares for cash
21
 
 
163
Cash used in financing activities
(26,974)
 
 
(70,339)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
10,414
 
4,033
 
(8,008)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
17,220
 
13,187
 
21,195
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
27,634
 
17,220
 
13,187
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
         
Cash paid during the year for interest
742
 
1,484
 
2,821
Cash paid during the year for income taxes
 
162
 
159

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
 

 

 
THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Tabular amounts in thousands of US dollars, except per share amounts; US GAAP)



Note 1 - Description of the Business

The Descartes Systems Group Inc. (“Descartes”, “Company”, “our” or “we”) operates in one business segment providing on-demand, software-as-a-service logistics technology solutions that help companies efficiently deliver their own products and services to their customers. Our technology-based solutions, which consist of services and software, provide connectivity and document exchange, route planning and wireless dispatch, inventory and asset visibility, rate management, transportation management, and warehouse optimization.

Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). Due to the predominance of US dollar denominated assets, liabilities and transactions, we have adopted the US dollar as our reporting currency.

Our fiscal year commences on February 1st of each year and ends on January 31st of the following year. Our fiscal year, which ended on January 31, 2006, is referred to as the “current fiscal year,” “fiscal 2006,” “2006” or using similar words. Our previous fiscal year, which ended on January 31, 2005, is referred to as the “previous fiscal year,” “fiscal 2005,” “2005” or using similar words. Other fiscal years are referenced by the applicable year during which the fiscal year ends. For example, “2008” refers to the annual period ending January 31, 2008 and the “fourth quarter of 2008” refers to the quarter ending January 31, 2008.

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year financial statements and the notes to conform to the current year presentation.

Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Descartes and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Investments in shares of companies non-publicly traded in which we have less than a 20% ownership interest, and do not exercise significant influence, are accounted for at cost. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated during consolidation.

Financial instruments
Fair value of financial instruments
Financial instruments are composed of cash and cash equivalents, short-term marketable securities, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, long-term investments, and convertible debentures. The estimated fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are approximate to book values because of their short-term maturities. Our investments in short-term marketable securities are carried at fair market value. In the opinion of management, the carrying value of our long-term minority position investment in a certain private company at January 31, 2005 approximated its fair value.

Foreign exchange risk
We are exposed to foreign exchange risk in that a higher proportion of our revenues are denominated in US dollars relative to expenditures. Accordingly, our results are affected, and may be affected in the future, by exchange rate
 

 
fluctuations of the US dollar relative to the Canadian dollar, to various European currencies, and, to a lesser extent, other foreign currencies.

Interest rate risk
We are exposed to reductions in interest rates, which could adversely impact expected returns from our reinvestment of corporate funds in marketable securities upon maturity of such instruments.

Credit risk
We are exposed to credit risk through investments in marketable securities and accounts receivable. We hold our investments with reputable financial institutions and in highly liquid and high quality investment-grade financial instruments. The lack of concentration of accounts receivable from a single customer and the dispersion of customers among industries and geographical locations mitigate this risk.

We do not use any type of speculative financial instruments, including but not limited to foreign exchange contracts, futures, swaps and option agreements, to manage our foreign exchange or interest rate risks. In addition, we do not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes.

Foreign currency translation
We conduct business in a variety of foreign currencies and, as a result, all of our foreign operations are subject to foreign exchange fluctuations. All operations operate in their local currency environment, with the exception of Canada. The functional currency for our Canadian operations is the US dollar. Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into US dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses of foreign operations are translated using monthly average exchange rates. Translation adjustments resulting from this process are accumulated in other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of shareholders’ equity.

Transactions incurred in currencies other than the functional currency are converted to the functional currency at the transaction date. All foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in net income.

Use of estimates
Preparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts that are reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying note disclosures. Although these estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best knowledge of current events, actual results may be different from the estimates. Estimates and assumptions are used when accounting for items such as allowance for doubtful accounts, depreciation of capital assets, amortization of intangible assets, assumptions embodied in the valuation of assets for impairment assessment, restructuring costs, valuation allowances against deferred tax assets and recognition of contingencies.

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
Cash and cash equivalents include short-term deposits and marketable debt securities with original maturities of three months or less. Short-term marketable securities are composed of debt securities maturing between three and 12 months from the balance sheet date. Marketable securities represent cash invested in investment-grade corporate bonds and commercial paper, and in investment-grade Dividend Received Deduction (“DRD”) eligible securities issued by US corporations.

In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 115, “Accounting for certain investments in debt and equity securities,” we classify all investments in debt securities as available-for-sale. These debt securities are carried at fair value on the balance sheet with unrealized investment gains (losses) excluded from net income (loss) and reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. Total unrealized investment gains (losses) were a gain of $26 in 2006, and losses of $63 and $99 in 2005 and 2004, respectively.
 


Our investment portfolio is subject to market risk due to changes in interest rates. We place our investments with high credit quality issuers and, by policy, limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. As stated in our investment policy, we are averse to principal loss and seek to preserve our invested funds by limiting default risk, market risk and reinvestment risk.

Allowance for doubtful accounts
We record an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the historical experience of write-offs and a detailed assessment of accounts receivable. In estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts, we consider the age of the receivables, historical write-offs, and the creditworthiness of the customer, among other factors. Accounts receivable are written off if it is determined that the specific balance is no longer collectible.

Impairment of long-lived assets
We account for the impairment and disposition of long-lived assets in accordance with SFAS No. 144 “Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” We test long-lived assets, such as capital assets and finite life intangible assets, for recoverability when events or changes in circumstances indicate that there may be an impairment. An impairment loss is recognized when the estimate of undiscounted future cash flows generated by such assets is less than the carrying amount. Measurement of the impairment loss is based on the present value of the expected future cash flows.

Goodwill and intangible assets
We account for goodwill in accordance with the SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and other intangible assets” (“FAS 142”). We test for impairment of goodwill annually at October 31 and at any other time if any event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce our enterprise value below our carrying amount.

Intangible assets include customer agreements and relationships, non-compete covenants, existing technologies and trade names. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.
 
Capital assets
Capital assets are recorded at cost. Depreciation of our capital assets is generally recorded at the following rates:

  Computer equipment and software 30% declining balance
  Furniture and fixtures  20% declining balance
  Leasehold improvements  Straight-line over term of lease

Revenue recognition
We follow the accounting guidelines and recommendations contained in the AICPA Statement of Position 97-2 (“SOP 97-2”), “Software revenue recognition” and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin 104, “Revenue recognition in financial statements” (“SAB 104”).

We recognize revenue when it is realized or realizable and earned. We consider revenue realized or realizable and earned when it has persuasive evidence of an arrangement, the product has been delivered or the services have been provided to the customer, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectibility is reasonably assured. In addition to this general policy, the specific revenue recognition policies for each major category of revenue are included below.

Services Revenues - Services revenues are principally composed of the following: (i) ongoing transactional fees for use of our services and products by our customers, which are recognized as the transactions occur; (ii) professional services revenues from consulting, implementation and training services related to our services and products, which are recognized as the services are performed; and (iii) maintenance, subscription and other related
 

 
revenues, which include revenues associated with maintenance and support of our services and products, which are recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance or subscription period.

License Revenues - License revenues derive from licenses granted to our customers to use our software products, and are recognized in accordance with SOP 97-2.

We sometimes enter into transactions that represent multiple-element arrangements, which may include any combination of services and software licenses. These multiple element arrangements are assessed to determine whether they can be separated into more than one unit of accounting or element for the purpose of revenue recognition. Fees are allocated to the various elements using the residual method as outlined in SOP 98-9 “Modification of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, With Respect to Certain Transactions.” Pursuant to the residual method, we defer recognition of the fair value of any undelivered elements and determine such fair value using vendor-specific objective evidence. This vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value is established through prices charged for each revenue element when that element is sold separately. We then allocate any residual portion of the arrangement fee to the delivered elements. The revenue recognition policies described in this section are then applied to each unit of accounting or element.

We evaluate the collectibility of our trade receivables based upon a combination of factors on a periodic basis. When we become aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to us (such as in the case of bankruptcy filings or material deterioration in the customer’s operating results or financial position, payment experiences and existence of credit risk insurance for certain customers), we record a specific bad debt provision to reduce the customer’s related trade receivable to its estimated net realizable value. If circumstances related to specific customers change, the estimate of the recoverability of trade receivables could be further adjusted.

With respect to deferred revenue, we expect to complete the applicable services or obligations corresponding to such deferred revenue within the next 12 months.
 
Research and development costs
We incur costs related to research and development of our software products. To date, we have not capitalized any development costs under SFAS No. 86, “Accounting for the costs of computer software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed.” Costs incurred between the time of establishment of a working model and the point where products are marketed are expensed as they are insignificant.

Stock-based compensation
At January 31, 2006, we had various stock-based employee compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 13 below. We account for those plans as fixed plans in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB 25”), and related Interpretations. No stock-based employee compensation cost is reflected in income (other than those options that relate to a certain acquisition), as no options granted under those plans had an exercise price less than the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant.



The following table illustrates the effect on net income and earnings per share if we had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” as amended by SFAS 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation—Transition and Disclosure an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123” for the periods indicated (in thousands of dollars, except per share data):

       
Year Ended
January 31,
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
2004
Net income (loss) - As reported
2,989
(55,331)
(38,493)
Add: Stock-based compensation - As reported
136
137
171
Less: Total stock-based compensation expense determined under the fair value based method for all awards
(1,341)
(1,874)
(5,458)
Net income (loss) - Pro forma
1,784
(57,068)
(43,780)
       
Earnings (loss) per share - Basic and diluted
     
As reported
0.07
(1.36)
(0.84)
Pro forma
0.04
(1.40)
(0.95)

The fair value of stock option grants is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

       
Year Ended
January 31,
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
2004
Black-Scholes weighted average assumptions:
     
Expected dividend yield
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Expected volatility
67.0%
68.0%
83.0%
Risk-free rate
3.4%
3.6%
3.9%
Expected option life in years
5.0
4.4
4.0
Weighted average grant date fair value per option
$1.20
$0.84
$1.64

Product warranty
We have not experienced significant warranty claims to date and, as a result, we have not recorded a provision for product warranty claims for 2006 or 2005.

Income taxes
We account for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” (“FAS 109”). FAS 109 requires the determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities, using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The measurement of a deferred tax asset is adjusted by a valuation allowance, if necessary, to recognize tax benefits only to the extent that, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that they will be realized. In determining the valuation allowance, we consider factors by taxing jurisdiction such as estimated taxable income, the history of losses for tax purposes and tax planning strategies, among others. A change to these factors could impact the estimated valuation allowance and income tax expense. Based on the weight of positive and negative evidence regarding recoverability of our deferred taxes, we have recorded a valuation allowance for the full amount of our net deferred tax assets.

In addition, we are subject to examinations by taxation authorities of the jurisdictions in which it operates in the normal course of operations. We regularly assess the status of these examinations and the potential for adverse outcomes to determine the adequacy of the provision of income and other taxes.
 


Earnings (loss) per share
Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing the applicable net income (loss) by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and all additional common shares that would have been outstanding if potentially dilutive common shares had been issued during the period. The treasury stock method is used to compute the dilutive effect of stock options. The if-converted method is used to compute the dilutive effect of convertible debt.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements
In December 2003, FASB issued Interpretation No. 46R (“FIN 46R”), a revision to Interpretation No. 46 (“FIN 46”), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.” FIN 46R clarifies some of the provisions of FIN 46 and exempts certain entities from its requirements. FIN 46R became effective in 2005. The adoption of FIN 46R did not have a material impact on our financial statements, as we do not have any interests in variable interest entities in which we would be considered to be the primary beneficiary. In March 2005, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. 46(R)-5, “Implicit Variable Interests under FASB Interpretation No. 46 (revised December 2003), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FSP FIN 46R-5”). FSP FIN 46R-5 provides guidance for a reporting enterprise on whether it holds an implicit variable interest in variable interest entities (“VIEs”) or potential VIEs when specific conditions exist. This FSP will become effective in 2007.

On December 16, 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004) “Share Based Payment” (“FAS 123R”). FAS 123R requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share- based payments. On April 14, 2005, the SEC amended the compliance date for FAS 123R to require SEC registrants to implement FAS 123R for their first fiscal year commencing after June 15, 2005 (which, for us, would be fiscal 2007). Absent any further pronouncements impacting the effective date of FAS 123R, we currently intend to adopt FAS 123R in 2007 using the modified prospective approach, as allowed under the transitional methods of FAS 123R. We expect such adoption to result in a compensation expense of approximately $1 million in 2007 based on the options outstanding at January 31, 2006. Additional stock options granted after January 31, 2006 will be accounted for at fair value and will result in additional compensation expense.

In March 2005, the SEC released Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, “Share-Based Payments” (“SAB 107”). SAB 107 provides the SEC staff position regarding the application of FAS 123R. SAB 107 contains interpretive guidance related to the interaction between FAS 123R and certain SEC rules and regulations, as well as provides the SEC staff’s views regarding the valuation of share-based payment arrangements for public companies. SAB 107 also highlights the importance of disclosures made related to the accounting for share-based payment transactions. We are currently evaluating SAB 107 and will be incorporating it as part of our adoption of FAS 123R.

In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 153, “Exchange of Nonmonetary Assets, an amendment of APB Opinion No. 29” (“FAS 153”). FAS 153 eliminates the exception for nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets, which were previously required to be recorded on a carryover basis rather than a fair value basis. Instead, this statement provides that exchanges of nonmonetary assets that do not have commercial substance be reported at carryover basis rather than a fair value basis. A nonmonetary exchange is considered to have commercial substance if the future cash flows of the entity are expected to change significantly as a result of the exchange. The provisions of this statement are effective for nonmonetary asset exchanges occurring in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005. The adoption of FAS 153 is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections” (“FAS 154”), which replaces APB Opinion No. 20, “Accounting Changes,” and SFAS No. 3, “Reporting Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements - An Amendment of APB Opinion No. 28.” FAS 154 provides guidance on the
 

 
accounting for and reporting of changes in accounting principles and error corrections. FAS 154 requires retrospective application to prior period financial statements of voluntary changes in accounting principle and changes required by new accounting standards when the standard does not include specific transition provisions, unless it is impracticable to do so. FAS 154 also requires certain disclosures for restatements due to correction of an error. FAS 154 is effective for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005, and is required to be adopted by us in the first quarter of fiscal 2007. The impact that the adoption of FAS 154 will have on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition will depend on the nature of future accounting changes adopted by us and the nature of transitional guidance provided in future accounting pronouncements.

In November 2005, the FASB issued FSP FAS 115-1 and FAS 124-1, “The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments” (“FSP 115-1”), which provides guidance on determining when investments in certain debt and equity securities are considered impaired, whether that impairment is other-than-temporary, and on measuring such impairment loss. FSP 115-1 also includes accounting considerations subsequent to the recognition of an other-than temporary impairment and requires certain disclosures about unrealized losses that have not been recognized as other-than-temporary impairments. FSP 115-1 is required to be applied to reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2005 and is required to be adopted by us in the first quarter of fiscal 2007. We are currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of FSP 115-1 will have on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition but we do not expect it to have a material impact.

Note 3 - Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The following is a summary of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities as at January 31, 2006 and 2005.

January 31, 2006
Cost
Basis
Net
Unrealized
Gains
Market
Value
Cash and cash equivalents
     
Cash
27,634
27,634
Total cash and cash equivalents
27,634
27,634
Marketable Securities
     
Corporate bonds
5,341
26
5,367
Total marketable securities
5,341
26
5,367
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
32,975
26
33,001

January 31, 2005
Cost
Basis
Net
Unrealized
Losses
Market
Value
Cash and cash equivalents
     
Cash
15,086
15,086
Money market funds
2,134
2,134
Total cash and cash equivalents
17,220
17,220
Marketable Securities
     
Corporate bonds
21,597
(63)
21,534
DRD eligible investments
10,000
10,000
Total marketable securities
31,597
(63)
31,534
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
48,817
(63)
48,754

As at January 31, 2006, we did not have any investments that had been held greater than 12 months and had unrealized losses.
 

 
We have operating lines of credit of $4.4 million (Canadian $5.0 million) in Canada. Borrowings under this facility bear interest at the prime rate based on the borrowed currency (5.25% on Canadian dollar borrowings and 7.25% on US dollar borrowings at January 31, 2006), are due on demand and are secured by our bond portfolio and a general assignment of inventory and accounts receivable. At January 31, 2006, we had issued letters of credit with balances outstanding of $0.5 million, which reduced the available operating line of credit by a corresponding amount.

Note 4 - Trade Receivables

     
 
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
Trade receivables
5,988
9,040
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts
(800)
(1,943)
 
5,188
7,097

Note 5 - Capital Assets

     
 
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
Cost
   
Computer equipment and software
11,832
11,214
Furniture and fixtures
1,546
1,607
Leasehold improvements
1,676
1,953
 
15,054
14,774
Accumulated amortization
   
Computer equipment and software
6,713
5,537
Furniture and fixtures
1,112
970
Leasehold improvements
1,190
1,301
 
9,015
7,808
 
6,039
6,966

Note 6 - Long-Term Investment

In June 2000, in conjunction with the licensing of our technology solutions to Ocado, formerly LM Solutions, we took a minority equity position in Ocado. Ocado is an online food retailer based in the United Kingdom. The aggregate investment in Ocado, which was accounted for using the cost method, was $5.1 million. During the quarter ended April 30, 2001, management conducted a review of the carrying value of this investment and as a result recorded a provision of $1.8 million against the carrying value of this investment as the impairment was considered to be other than temporary. From the quarter ended April 30, 2001 until the second quarter of 2006, management conducted a quarterly assessment of this investment. No further impairment of this long-term investment was identified in those quarters.

During the first quarter of 2006, we sold 22% of our investment in Ocado for approximately $1.2 million, resulting in a gain of $0.5 million. In the second quarter of 2006 we sold the remainder of our investment for $3.5 million, resulting in a gain of $0.9 million.
 

 
Note 7 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets

     
 
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
Goodwill
   
Cost
18,438
18,238
Impairment
(18,438)
(18,238)
 
     
Intangible Assets
   
Cost
   
Customer agreements and relationships
11,706
24,809
Non-compete covenants
1,162
Existing technology
13,178
15,799
Trade names
2,960
11,110
 
27,844
52,880
Accumulated amortization and impairment
   
Customer agreements and relationships
11,045
22,987
Non-compete covenants
1,049
Existing technology
12,772
14,396
Trade names
2,598
10,326
 
26,415
48,758
 
1,429
4,122

Goodwill
When we acquire a subsidiary, we determine the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and compare the total amount to the amount that we paid for the investment. Any excess of the amount paid over the fair value of those net assets is considered to be goodwill. Goodwill is tested at least annually for impairment to ensure that its fair value is greater than or equal to its carrying value. Any excess of carrying value over fair value is charged to income in the period in which impairment is determined. As a result of a change in our business climate, precipitated by a decline in actual and anticipated revenues for the first quarter of 2005, we performed an interim test for impairment as at April 30, 2004. In testing for impairment at April 30, 2004, we followed the two-step impairment test required by FAS 142 for a single reporting unit. As a result of this analysis, we concluded that our fair value was significantly lower than the carrying value of our net assets excluding goodwill. Accordingly, we determined that the then remaining carrying value of goodwill of $18.0 million was completely impaired, resulting in an $18.0 million impairment charge in the first quarter of 2005. Subsequently, $0.2 million of earn-out payments related to the acquisition of Tradevision were recorded as goodwill impairment charges in each of 2006 and 2005 as payments came due under the earn-out agreement. No impairment conditions were identified in 2004.

As of the end of 2006, there was no goodwill recorded on our balance sheet. Accordingly, we will no longer be performing tests for impairment of goodwill. If additional goodwill is recorded in future periods as a result of acquisitions, we will resume our annual goodwill impairment tests on October 31st of each year. In addition, we will perform further quarterly analysis of whether any event has occurred that would more likely than not reduce our enterprise value below our carrying amount, and, if so, we will perform a goodwill impairment test between the annual dates. Any future impairment adjustment will be recognized as an expense in the period that the adjustment is identified.



Intangible Assets
Intangible assets related to our acquisitions are recorded at their fair value at the acquisition date. Intangible assets with a finite life are amortized to income over their useful lives.

We write down intangible assets with a finite life to fair value when the related undiscounted cash flows are not expected to allow for recovery of the carrying value. Fair value of intangibles is determined by discounting the expected related future cash flows. No finite life intangible asset impairment has been identified or recorded for any of the fiscal years reported.

Note 8 - Restructuring Costs

May 2004 Announcement
On May 17, 2004, we announced that we were taking actions to significantly reduce our expenses, which actions included a downsizing of our global staff by approximately 130 employees, or approximately 35% of our total staff. These reductions were focused on our regional operational structure and resulted in a significantly smaller global direct sales force and management level of the organization. In addition, we announced that we would be closing certain offices, and canceling certain leases, consulting and other operating contracts. We announced that we expected to record restructuring charges of approximately $5.5 million to $6.5 million and that the majority of these charges would be recorded in the second quarter of 2005. In addition, we announced that we would be examining whether certain assets were redundant as a result of the cost reduction initiatives. On September 2, 2004 we announced that we had identified additional opportunities for cost savings and efficiencies and, accordingly, in executing on these expense reduction activities, our workforce was reduced by approximately 45%.

Our initial provision under this initiative was $11.7 million, composed of $4.2 million in workforce reduction charges, $1.7 million of office closure costs, and $5.8 million of redundant asset write-offs. Additional revisions of $0.1 million were made to this initial provision in 2005 composed of ($0.2) million relating to office closure costs and $0.3 million related to workforce reduction.

During 2006, we reduced our provision for office closure costs by $0.1 million related to a favorable outcome on the sublease of a certain office. Our restructuring provisions were drawn down in 2006 as a result of cash payments related to this initiative of $0.4 million. As of January 31, 2006 we have incurred $11.8 million of restructuring charges under this initiative, composed of $4.5 million in workforce reduction charges, $1.5 million of office closure costs, and $5.8 million of redundant assets write-offs.



As at January 31, 2006, our remaining provision under this initiative was $0.1 million of office closure costs. We do not anticipate any further significant charges under this restructuring initiative as our plan has been fully implemented. We expect that the remaining office closure provision will be drawn down by the end of the second quarter of 2009 as existing real property leases expire.

         
 
Workforce
reduction
Office
closure
costs
Redundant
assets
Total
Provision as at May 17, 2004
4,217
1,743
5,770
11,730
Revisions to accruals
332
(210)
122
Restructuring cost
4,549
1,533
5,770
11,852
Cash drawdowns
(4,413)
(1,092)
(5,505)
Non-cash drawdowns
(5,770)
(5,770)
Provision as at January 31, 2005
136
441
577
         
Revisions to accruals
(7)
(77)
(84)
Restructuring cost
(7)
(77)
(84)
Cash drawdowns
(129)
(276)
(405)
Provision as at January 31, 2006
88
88

May 2003 Announcement
Based on a review of cost levels, we announced on May 6, 2003 a downsizing of our global operations by approximately 130 employees. In addition to workforce reduction across all operations, the plans included consolidation of office facilities, lease terminations, and write-down of redundant assets. The following table shows the changes in the restructuring provision for the May 2003 initiative.

         
 
Workforce
reduction
Office
closure
costs
Redundant
assets
Total
Provision as at May 6, 2003
3,845
1,825
1,661
7,331
Revisions to accruals
944
1,012
1,956
Restructuring cost
4,789
2,837
1,661
9,287
Cash drawdowns
(4,692)
(2,360)
(7,052)
Non-cash drawdowns
(1,661)
(1,661)
Provision as at January 31, 2004
97
477
574
         
Revisions to accruals
202
1,581
1,783
Restructuring cost
202
1,581
1,783
Cash drawdowns
(299)
(901)
(1,200)
Provision as at January 31, 2005
1,157
1,157
         
Revisions to accruals
(137)
(137)
Restructuring cost
(137)
(137)
Cash drawdowns
(467)
(467)
Provision as at January 31, 2006
553
553

Our initial provision under this initiative was $7.3 million, composed of $3.8 million in workforce reduction charges, $1.8 million of office closure costs and $1.7 million of redundant asset write-offs. As of January 31, 2006, we have incurred $10.9 million of restructuring charges under this initiative composed of $5.0 million in workforce reduction charges, $4.2 million of office closure costs and $1.7 million of redundant assets write-offs.
 


During 2006, we reduced our provision for office closure costs by $0.1 million related to a favorable outcome on the sublease of a certain office. Our restructuring provisions were drawn down in 2006 as a result of cash payments related to this initiative of $0.5 million.

As at January 31, 2006, our remaining obligation under this initiative was $0.6 million of office closure costs. We do not anticipate any further significant charges under this restructuring initiative as our plan has been fully implemented. We expect that the remaining office closure provision will be drawn down by the end of the first quarter of 2010 as existing real property leases expire.

Summary of all Restructuring Initiatives
During 2006, we had favourable revisions to our restructuring provisions totaling $0.2 million related to the sublease of certain offices. Our restructuring provisions were drawn-down in 2006 as a result of cash payments related to these initiatives of $0.9 million.

During 2005, we incurred initial charges relating to our May 2004 restructuring initiative and additional revisions to each of our restructuring initiatives of cumulatively $14.1 million, composed of $4.8 million for workforce reduction, $3.5 million for office closure costs and $5.8 million for redundant assets. Our restructuring provisions were drawn-down in 2005 as a result of cash payments related to these initiatives of $7.3 million and a non-cash write-off of redundant assets in connection with the May 2004 initiative of $5.8 million, relating primarily to software, hardware and office-related assets.

During 2004, we incurred aggregate restructuring charges and revisions of $18.8 million, broken down into workforce reduction expenses of $8.1 million, office closure costs of $6.4 million, redundant asset write-offs of $1.8 million, data center consolidations of $0.9 million and network system consolidations of $1.6 million. Restructuring provisions were drawn-down in 2004 as a result of cash payments related to these initiatives of $17.2 million and a non-cash write-off of redundant assets in connection with the May 2003 and June 2002 initiative of cumulatively $1.8 million, relating primarily to software, hardware and office-related assets.

Note 9 - Convertible Debentures

On June 30, 2000, we issued $75.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5-year convertible unsecured subordinated debentures. The debentures bore interest at the rate of 5.5% per annum, which accrued from June 30, 2000 and was paid in equal semi-annual installments in arrears on June 30th and December 30th of each year. We cumulatively purchased for cancellation $48.0 million principal amount of the debentures in December 2001 ($1.5 million), March 2002 ($1.5 million), August 2002 (nominal), and July 2003 ($45.0 million). The July 2003 purchase of $45.0 million principal amount of the debentures for $42.8 million resulted in a gain of $0.9 million net of costs associated with the offer and the write-off of the related deferred issuance costs. On maturity at June 30, 2005 we paid $27.7 million in principal and interest to satisfy all of the remaining outstanding convertible debentures.



Note 10 - Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Commitments
To facilitate a better understanding of our commitments, the following information is provided (in millions of dollars) in respect of our operating lease obligations and purchase obligation:

           
 
Less than
1 year
1-3 years
3-5 years
More than
5 years
Total
           
Operating lease obligations
1.5
2.0
0.6
0.1
4.2
Purchase obligation
0.2
0.1
0.3
 
1.7
2.1
0.6
0.1
4.5

Operating Lease Obligations
We are committed under noncancelable operating leases for business premises and computer equipment with terms expiring at various dates through 2012. The future minimum amounts payable under these lease agreements are described in the chart above.

We have remaining obligations related to the exit of various real property leases in connection with our restructuring activities. Some of these leases have outstanding balances pending full and final resolution and settlement of such lease obligations with the applicable lessor. The aggregate outstanding restructuring provision related to these leases is $0.6 million.

Purchase Obligation
We are committed under a noncancelable hosting agreement to procure various information technology hosting and co-location services over the next two years. The future minimum amounts payable under this hosting agreement are described in the chart above.

Contingencies
In November 2004, we commenced private arbitration proceedings in Ontario against a supplier of hosting services to recover damages relating to that supplier’s invoicing of fees in excess of the contractual agreement and refusal to deliver working source code for technology purchased from the supplier. At this time, the arbitration is in its initial stages. The arbitration proceedings are subject to a confidentiality undertaking between the parties.

We are also subject to a variety of other claims and suits that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. The consequences of these matters are not presently determinable but, in the opinion of management after consulting with legal counsel, the ultimate aggregate liability is not currently expected to have a material effect on our annual results of operations or financial position.

Business combination agreements
In connection with our agreement to acquire Tradevision in fiscal 2003, we agreed to pay additional purchase price based on revenues derived from the acquired entity. The maximum amount remaining to be paid under that agreement is $0.1 million.

Product Warranties
In the normal course of operations, we provide our customers with product warranties relating to the performance of our software and network services. To date, we have not encountered material costs as a result of such obligations and have not accrued any liabilities related to such on our financial statements.
 


Guarantees
In the normal course of business we enter into a variety of agreements that may contain features that meet the definition of a guarantee under FASB Interpretation No. 45, “Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others” (“FIN 45”). The following lists our significant guarantees:

Intellectual property indemnification obligations
We provide indemnifications of varying scope to our customers against claims of intellectual property infringement made by third parties arising from the use of our products. In the event of such a claim, we are generally obligated to defend our customers against the claim and we are liable to pay damages and costs assessed against our customers that are payable as part of a final judgment or settlement. These intellectual property infringement indemnification clauses are not generally subject to any dollar limits and remain in force for the term of our license agreement with our customer, which license terms are typically perpetual. To date, we have not encountered material costs as a result of such indemnifications.

Other indemnification agreements
In the normal course of operations, we enter into various agreements that provide general indemnifications. These indemnifications typically occur in connection with purchases and sales of assets, securities offerings or buy-backs, service contracts, administration of employee benefit plans, retention of officers and directors, membership agreements and leasing transactions. These indemnifications require us, in certain circumstances, to compensate the counterparties for various costs resulting from breaches of representations or obligations under such arrangements, or as a result of third party claims that may be suffered by the counterparty as a consequence of the transaction. We believe that the likelihood that we could incur significant liability under these obligations is remote. Historically, we have not made any significant payments under such indemnifications.

In evaluating estimated losses for the guarantees or indemnities described above, we consider such factors as the degree of probability of an unfavorable outcome and the ability to make a reasonable estimate of the amount of loss. We are unable to make a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amount payable under such guarantees or indemnities as many of these arrangements do not specify a maximum potential dollar exposure or time limitation. The amount also depends on the outcome of future events and conditions, which cannot be predicted. Given the foregoing, to date, we have not accrued any liability for the guarantees or indemnities described above on our financial statements.

Note 11 - Share Capital

Common Shares Outstanding
 
January 31,
January 31,
January 31,
(thousands of shares)
2006
2005
2004
Balance, beginning of year
40,706
40,706
52,225
Shares repurchased
(11,578)
Stock options exercised
18
59
Balance, end of year
40,724
40,706
40,706

We are authorized to issue an unlimited number of our common shares, without par value, for unlimited consideration. Our common shares are not redeemable or convertible.

On July 17, 2003, we purchased 11,578,000 of our own common shares for Canadian $3.20 per share by way of a Dutch auction tender. All common shares tendered at or below Canadian $3.20 (subject to pro-rating and disregarding fractions) were purchased at Canadian $3.20 and immediately cancelled. Common shares tendered at prices higher than Canadian $3.20 were returned to holders. The total purchase price was $27.2 million, net of
 

 
costs associated with the offer. The transaction was accounted for as a reduction in common shares of $103.9 million and an increase in additional paid-in capital of $76.7 million.

On November 30, 2004, we announced that our Board of Directors had adopted a shareholder rights plan (the “Rights Plan”) to ensure the fair treatment of shareholders in connection with any take-over offer, and to provide the Board of Directors and shareholders with additional time to fully consider any unsolicited take-over bid. We did not adopt the Rights Plan in response to any specific proposal to acquire control of Descartes. The Rights Plan was approved by the Toronto Stock Exchange and was approved by our shareholders on May 18, 2005. The plan took effect as of November 29, 2004, and has an initial term of three years. The Rights Plan is similar to plans adopted by other Canadian public companies and approved by their shareholders.

On May 18, 2005, our shareholders passed a special resolution to reduce the stated capital of our common shares to $1.00 in the aggregate, resulting in a reduction in our stated capital account of $364.9 million. This amount was allocated to additional paid-in capital.

In September 2005, we announced the commencement of a normal course issuer bid that enables us to purchase, if and when we choose from time to time until September 19, 2006, on the Toronto Stock Exchange or Nasdaq Stock Exchange, up to an aggregate of 3,067,646 common shares. As of January 31, 2006, we had made no purchases pursuant to this normal course issuer bid.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table shows the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
     
 
January 31,
January 31,
(thousands of dollars)
2006
2005
Foreign currency translation adjustment
(401)
156
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)
26
(63)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(375)
93

Note 12 - Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:
       
Year Ended
January 31,
2006
January 31,
2005
January 31,
2004
(thousands of dollars, except per share data)
     
Net income (loss) for purposes of calculating basic and
2,989
(55,331)
(38,493)
diluted earnings per share
     
Weighted average shares outstanding (thousands)
40,711
40,706
45,951
Dilutive effect of employee stock options (thousands)
885
Weighted average common and common equivalent
41,596
40,706
45,951
shares outstanding (thousands)
     
Earnings (loss) per share
Basic and diluted
0.07
(1.36)
(0.84)

For the years ended January 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 respectively, 1,796,649, 4,470,608 and 3,964,329 options have been excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of the stock options was greater than or equal to the average price of the common shares and consequently their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. There were also 771,286 shares connected to the conversion privileges on the
 

 
outstanding convertible debentures that were excluded from the diluted loss per share figures for both of the years ended January 31, 2005 and 2004 as their inclusion would have been antidilutive.

Note 13 - Stock-Based Compensation Plans

We maintain stock option plans for directors, officers, employees and other service providers. Options to purchase our common shares are granted at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of our common shares at the day prior to the grant, other than certain options assumed in conjunction with a previously completed acquisition. As a result, no compensation expense is recorded when options are granted. When stock options are exercised, we include the amount of the proceeds in share capital.

Employee stock options generally vest over a three- to five-year period starting from their grant date and expire seven years from the date of their grant. Directors’ and officers’ stock options generally have accelerated vesting over three- to five-year periods.

As of January 31, 2006, we had 4,765,323 stock options granted and outstanding under our shareholder-approved stock option plan and 1,688,888 remained available for grant. In addition, there were 167,997 stock options outstanding in connection with option plans assumed or adopted pursuant to various previously completed acquisitions.
           
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Number of
Stock
Options
Outstanding
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Number of
Stock
Options
Outstanding
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Number of
Stock
Options
Outstanding
Balance at February 1
4.81
4,470,608
 
8.64
3,964,239
 
9.91
4,223,609
Granted
2.21
2,029,866
 
1.09
3,063,596
 
3.49
988,000
Forfeited/Cancelled
6.54
(1,549,165)
 
6.29
(2,557,227)
 
9.10
(1,188,070)
Exercised
1.21
(17,989)
 
 
4.13
(59,300)
Balance at January 31
3.60
4,933,320
 
4.81
4,470,608
 
8.64
3,964,239
                 
Exercisable at January 31
7.33
1,480,844
 
9.92
1,551,920
 
10.50
2,475,094

Options outstanding and options exercisable as at January 31, 2006 by range of exercise price are as follows:
       
 
Options Outstanding
 
Options Exercisable
 
 
 
 
Range of Exercise Prices
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Number of
Stock
Options
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Number of
Stock
Options
1.18 - 1.92
1.19
1,700,600
5.67
 
1.19
391,510
2.14 - 3.24
2.38
2,489,136
5.98
 
2.60
422,250
4.39 - 9.54
6.33
459,411
3.38
 
6.41
389,704
10.89 - 49.47
24.28
284,173
3.01
 
24.48
277,380
 
3.60
4,933,320
5.46
 
7.33
1,480,844

Deferred Share Unit Plan
Our Board of Directors adopted a deferred share unit plan effective as of June 28, 2004 pursuant to which non-employee directors are eligible to receive grants of deferred share units (DSUs), each of which has a value equal
 

 
to the weighted average closing price of our common shares for the five trading days preceding the date of the grant. The plan allows each director to choose to receive, in the form of DSUs, all, none or a percentage of the eligible director’s fees which would otherwise be payable in cash. If a director has invested less than the minimum amount of equity in Descartes as prescribed from time to time by the Board of Directors (currently $37,500), then the director must take at least 50% of the base annual fee for serving as a director in the form of DSUs. Each DSU fully vests upon award, but is distributed only when the director ceases to be a member of the Board of Directors. Vested units are settled in cash based on our common share price when conversion takes place. As at January 31, 2006, the total DSUs held by participating directors was 21,177, representing an aggregate accrued liability of $71,790.

Note 14 - Income Taxes

The components of the net deferred tax asset are as follows:
       
 
January 31,
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
2004
Accruals not currently deductible
2,734
1,231
1,340
Accumulated net operating losses:
     
Canada
23,920
19,920
13,461
United States
34,325
31,222
30,068
Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”)
15,617
12,659
10,495
Asia Pacific
5,635
3,144
2,475
Corporate minimum taxes
150
Difference between tax and accounting basis of capital assets
7,269
6,227
5,857
Research and development tax credits and expenses
4,789
5,564
5,262
Expenses of public offerings
99
370
370
Net deferred tax asset
94,538
80,337
69,328
Valuation allowance
(94,538)
(80,337)
(69,328)
Deferred tax asset, net of valuation allowance

The measurement of a deferred tax asset is adjusted by a valuation allowance, if necessary, to recognize tax benefits only to the extent that, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that they will be realized. In determining the valuation allowance, we consider factors by taxing jurisdiction such as estimated taxable income, the history of losses for tax purposes and tax planning strategies, among others. A change to these factors could impact the estimated valuation allowance and income tax expense. Based on the weight of positive and negative evidence regarding recoverability of our deferred tax assets, we have recorded a valuation allowance for the full amount of our net deferred tax assets of $94.5 million during 2006.

To the extent that our non-Canadian subsidiaries have earnings, our intention is that these earnings be re-invested in the subsidiary indefinitely. Accordingly, we have not provided for deferred income taxes or foreign withholding taxes that may apply on the distribution of the earnings of our non-Canadian subsidiaries.



The provision for income taxes varies from the expected provision at the statutory rates for the reasons detailed in the table below:
       
Year Ended
January 31,
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
2004
Combined basic Canadian statutory rates
36.1%
36.1%
36.6%
       
Income tax expense (recovery) based on the above rates
1,089
(19,894)
(13,983)
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:
     
Permanent differences including amortization of intangibles
1,195
9,186
2,546
Effect of differences between Canadian and foreign tax rates
330
(231)
377
Application of loss carryforwards
(3,877)
(817)
(379)
Valuation allowance
1,263
11,756
11,439
Other
96
325
287
Income tax expense
96
325
287

We have combined income tax loss carryforwards of approximately $221.1 million, which expire as follows:
           
Expiry year
Canada
United
States
EMEA
Asia
Pacific
Total
2007
1,500
694
2,194
2008
197
197
2009
2,483
1,485
494
1,720
6,182
2010
16,870
4,298
302
21,470
2011
21,380
7,263
283
418
29,344
2012
6,048
6,048
2015
21,984
21,984
2016
2,008
2,008
2018
3,167
3,167
2019
14,560
14,560
2020
14,445
14,445
2021
13,500
13,500
2022
1,534
1,534
2024
9,509
9,509
2025
11,090
11,090
Indefinite
48,471
15,428
63,899
 
66,225
86,899
50,139
17,868
221,131



Note 15 - Segmented Information

We review our operating results, assess our performance, make decisions about resources, and generate discrete financial information at the single enterprise level. Accordingly, we have determined that we operate in one business segment providing on-demand, software-as-a-service logistics technology solutions. The following tables provide our segmented revenue information by geographic areas of operation and revenue type:
       
Year Ended
January 31,
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
2004
Revenues
     
Americas
31,512
32,857
40,637
EMEA
12,433
11,085
14,318
Asia Pacific
1,784
2,453
4,830
 
45,729
46,395
59,785
       
Year Ended
January 31,
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
2004
Revenues
     
Services
40,792
41,820
48,887
License
4,937
4,575
10,898
 
45,729
46,395
59,785

Services revenues are composed of the following: (i) ongoing transactional and/or subscription fees for use of our services and products by our customers; (ii) professional services revenues from consulting, implementation and training services related to our services and products; and (iii) maintenance and other related revenues, which include revenues associated with maintenance and support of our services and products. License revenues derive from licenses granted to our customers to use our software products.

The following table provides our segmented information by geographic areas of operation for our long-lived assets. Long-lived assets represent capital assets, goodwill and intangible assets that are attributed to individual geographic segments.
     
 
January 31,
January 31,
 
2006
2005
Total long-lived assets
   
Americas
6,122
9,039
EMEA
1,273
1,922
Asia Pacific
73
127
 
7,468
11,088

Note 16 - Subsequent Event

On March 2, 2006, we announced that we had entered into a binding bought deal agreement to raise gross proceeds of Canadian $14,940,000 from the sale of 3,600,000 common shares at a price of Canadian $4.15 per share. We have agreed to grant the underwriters an over-allotment option to purchase an additional 540,000 common shares (15% of the offering) at Canadian $4.15 per share. The co-lead underwriters for the offering are GMP Securities L.P. and TD Securities Inc. The offering is scheduled to close on March 21, 2006. We anticipate using the proceeds of the offering for general corporate purposes, for potential acquisitions (as yet unidentified) and for working capital. The securities being offered have not, nor will be, registered under the United States
 

 
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and may not be offered or sold within the US or to, or for the account or benefit of, US persons absent US registration or an applicable exemption from US registration requirements.

Note 17 - Summary of Differences between Canadian GAAP and US GAAP

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with US GAAP that conforms in all material respects with Canadian GAAP except as set forth below.
 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
   
 
January 31,
2006
January 31,
2005
Total assets in accordance with US GAAP
46,770
72,572
Mark-to-market of short-term marketable securities (a)
(26)
63
Total assets in accordance with Canadian GAAP
46,744
72,635
     
Total liabilities in accordance with US GAAP
8,354
36,834
Convertible debentures (b)
(562)
Total liabilities in accordance with Canadian GAAP
8,354
36,272
 
 
 
Total shareholders’ equity in accordance with US GAAP
38,416
35,738
Mark-to-market of short-term marketable securities (a)
(26)
63
Convertible debentures (b)
562
Total shareholders’ equity in accordance with Canadian GAAP
36,390
36,363
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
             
Year Ended
 
January 31,
 
January 31,
 
January 31,
   
2006
 
2005
 
2004
Net income (loss) in accordance with US GAAP
 
2,989
 
(55,331)
 
(38,493)
Amortization of convertible debentures (b)
 
(562)
 
(1,084)
 
(1,812)
Loss on purchase of convertible debentures (b)
 
 
 
(3,720)
Foreign exchange translation gain (loss) (c)
 
 
(384)
 
1,253
Net income (loss) in accordance with Canadian GAAP (per Canadian GAAP in effect on January 31, 2004)
 
2,427
 
(56,799)
 
(42,772)
Stock-based compensation expense (d)
 
(977)
 
(890)
 
(727)
Net income (loss) in accordance with Canadian GAAP
 
1,450
 
(57,689)
 
(43,499)
Earnings (loss) per share in accordance with Canadian GAAP
Basic
Diluted
 
 
0.04
0.03
 
 
(1.42)
(1.42)
 
 
(0.95)
(0.95)

(a) Mark-to-market of short-term marketable securities
Under US GAAP, marketable debt securities that are available for sale are recorded at their fair market value with the corresponding gain (loss) recorded in comprehensive income. Under Canadian GAAP, marketable debt securities are recorded at amortized cost.
 


(b) Convertible debentures
Under US GAAP, conventional convertible debentures with conversion features that would not be considered to be beneficial are recorded at their face value. Under Canadian GAAP, the debt and equity components of the convertible debentures are recorded and presented separately. We have measured and recorded the debt component of the convertible debentures based on the present value of future principal and interest payments at the date of issue and have recorded the equity component based on the difference between the face value of the convertible debt and the value of the debt component at the date of issue. The debt component is amortized to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the term to maturity of the convertible debentures. As described in Note 9 above, the convertible debentures were fully repaid in the second quarter of 2006.

(c) Foreign exchange translation gain (loss)
Under US GAAP, foreign exchange translation gain (loss) is recorded in comprehensive income and included in shareholders’ equity where the functional currency of the parent company’s foreign operations is the local currency. Under Canadian GAAP, foreign exchange translation gain (loss) is recorded in earnings where it is determined that the foreign operations are integrated with the parent company. In conjunction with our cost reduction initiatives announced in May 2004, management determined that its foreign subsidiaries should be treated under the current rate method for Canadian GAAP beginning with the second quarter of 2005 and for subsequent quarters. As a result, foreign exchange translation gain (loss) is recorded as a separate component of shareholders’ equity.

(d) Stock-based compensation expense
Under US GAAP, under APB 25, no compensation expense is recorded for the granting of employee stock options if the stock options are granted with an exercise price greater or equal to the fair market value at the date of the grant. Under Canadian GAAP, we have adopted the amended recommendations in CICA Handbook Section 3870 (“Section 3870”), “Stock-based Compensation and Other Stock-based Payments” which require fair value accounting for employee awards granted on or after February 1, 2002.


 

 
CORPORATE INFORMATION



Stock Exchange Information
Our common stock trades on the Toronto Stock Exchange under
the symbol DSG and on The Nasdaq Stock Market under the
symbol DSGX.

Transfer Agents
Computershare Investor Services Inc.
100 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario M5J 2Y1
North America: (800) 663-9097
International: (416) 263-9200

Computershare Trust Company
12039 West Alameda Parkway
Suite Z-2 Lakewood, Colorado
80228 USA
International: (303) 262-0600

Independent Registered Chartered Accountants
Deloitte & Touche LLP
4210 King Street East
Kitchener, Ontario N2P 2G5
(519) 650-7729

Investor Inquiries
Investor Relations
The Descartes Systems Group Inc.
120 Randall Drive
Waterloo, Ontario N2V 1C6
(519) 746-8110
(800) 419-8495
E-mail: investor@descartes.com
www.descartes.com











The Descartes Systems Group Inc.
Corporate Headquarters

120 Randall Drive
Waterloo, Ontario N2V 1C6
Canada

Phone:
(519) 746-8110
 
(800) 419-8495
Fax:
(519) 747-0082

info@descartes.com
www.descartes.com








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Exhibit 3



CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS


We consent to the use in this Annual Report of The Descartes Systems Group Inc. on Form 40-F for the year ended January 31, 2006 of our report dated February 27, 2006 (except as to Note 16 which is dated as of March 2, 2006).

We also consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statements (Nos. 333-10666, 333-11636, 333-13058, 333-13746, 333-13768 and 333-89694) of The Descartes Systems Group Inc. on Form S-8 of our report dated February 27, 2006 (except as to Note 16 which is dated as of March 2, 2006) appearing in the Annual Report on Form 40-F of The Descartes Systems Group Inc. for the year ended January 31, 2006.


/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Kitchener, Ontario
May 1, 2006

EX-99.4 13 exh99-4_14322.htm SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION OF C.E.O. WWW.EXFILE.COM, INC. -- 14322 -- THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP, INC. -- EXHIBIT 99.4 TO FORM 40-F
Exhibit 4
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14 or 15d-14 OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Arthur Mesher, Chief Executive Officer, certify that:

1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 40-F of The Descartes Systems Group Inc.;

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented by this report;

4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

(a)
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and  procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the  registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those  entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)
[paragraph omitted in accordance with SEC transition instructions]

(c)
evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and  presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls  and  procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluations; and

(d)
disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial  reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is  reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control  over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to  record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a  significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

     
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dated: May 1, 2006 By:   /s/ Arthur Mesher
 
Name: Arthur Mesher
  Title: Chief Executive Officer 
EX-99.5 14 exh99-5_14322.htm SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION OF C.F.O. WWW.EXFILE.COM, INC. -- 14322 -- THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP, INC. -- EXHIBIT 99.5 TO FORM 40-F
Exhibit 5


CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14 or 15d-14 OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Brandon Nussey, Chief Financial Officer, certify that:

1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 40-F of The Descartes Systems Group Inc.;

2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented by this report;

4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

(a)
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and  procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the  registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those  entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)
[paragraph omitted in accordance with SEC transition instructions]

(c)
evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and  presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and  procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluations; and

(d)
disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial  reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is  reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control  over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to  record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a  significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

     
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dated: May 1, 2006 By:   /s/ Brandon Nussey
 
Name: Brandon Nussey
  Title: Chief Financial Officer
EX-99.6 15 exh99-6_14322.htm SECTION 906 CERTIFICATION OF C.E.O. & C.F.O. WWW.EXFILE.COM, INC. -- 14322 -- THE DESCARTES SYSTEMS GROUP, INC. -- EXHIBIT 99.6 TO FORM 40-F
Exhibit 6


CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the annual report of The Descartes Systems Group Inc., a Canadian company and foreign private issuer (the “Company”), on Form 40-F for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2006, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), we, Arthur Mesher, Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Brandon Nussey, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, do hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to our knowledge, that:

1.
This Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities  Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial  condition and results of operations of the Company.

By:  /s/ Arthur Mesher

Arthur Mesher
Chief Executive Officer


By:  /s/ Brandon Nussey 

Brandon Nussey
Chief Financial Officer


May 1, 2006

This certification is being submitted solely for the purpose of complying with Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code. This certification is not to be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor will the certification be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.
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