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Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Receivables [Abstract]  
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The following tables present the changes in the allowance for loan and lease losses and the recorded investment in loans and leases by portfolio segment for the periods indicated:
 
Year Ended December 31, 2019
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
 
Consumer
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2018
$
28,187

 
$
25,283

 
$
5,222

 
$
58,692

Charge-offs

 
(8,911
)
 
(127
)
 
(9,038
)
Recoveries

 
1,688

 
179

 
1,867

Provision for loan and lease losses
2,098

 
6,766

 
697

 
9,561

Balance at December 31, 2019
$
30,285

 
$
24,826

 
$
5,971

 
$
61,082


 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
 
Consumer
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2017
$
27,112

 
$
26,333

 
$
5,147

 
$
58,592

Charge-offs
(103
)
 
(6,585
)
 
(540
)
 
(7,228
)
Recoveries

 
2,287

 
290

 
2,577

Provision for loan and lease losses
1,178

 
3,248

 
325

 
4,751

Balance at December 31, 2018
$
28,187

 
$
25,283

 
$
5,222

 
$
58,692


 
Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Commercial
 
Consumer
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
27,645

 
$
20,906

 
$
5,115

 
$
53,666

Charge-offs
(494
)
 
(14,914
)
 
(403
)
 
(15,811
)
Recoveries
476

 
1,158

 
319

 
1,953

(Credit) provision for loan and lease losses
(515
)
 
19,183

 
116

 
18,784

Balance at December 31, 2017
$
27,112

 
$
26,333

 
$
5,147

 
$
58,592


The liability for unfunded credit commitments, which is included in other liabilities, remained $1.9 million, at December 31, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The changes in the liability for unfunded credit commitments reflect changes in the estimate of loss exposure associated with certain unfunded credit commitments. No credit commitments were charged off against the liability account in the years ended December 31, 2019, and 2018.
Provision for Credit Losses
The provisions for credit losses are set forth below for the periods indicated:
 
Originated
 
Acquired
 
Total
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
(In Thousands)
Provision (credit) for loan and lease losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
$
1,798

 
$
254

 
$
(343
)
 
$
300

 
$
924

 
$
(172
)
 
$
2,098

 
$
1,178

 
$
(515
)
Commercial
6,539

 
3,699

 
18,899

 
227

 
(451
)
 
284

 
6,766

 
3,248

 
19,183

Consumer
713

 
556

 
273

 
(16
)
 
(231
)
 
(157
)
 
697

 
325

 
116

Total provision (credit) for loan and lease losses
9,050

 
4,509

 
18,829

 
511

 
242

 
(45
)
 
9,561

 
4,751

 
18,784

Unfunded credit commitments
22

 
200

 
204

 

 

 

 
22

 
200

 
204

Total provision (credit) for credit losses
$
9,072

 
$
4,709

 
$
19,033

 
$
511

 
$
242

 
$
(45
)
 
$
9,583

 
$
4,951

 
$
18,988


Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses Methodology
Management has established a methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses that assesses the risks and losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. Additions to the allowance for loan and lease losses are made by charges to the provision for credit losses. Losses on loans and leases are charged off against the allowance when all or a portion of a loan or lease is considered uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries on loans previously charged off, if any, are credited to the allowance when realized. For each class of loan, management makes significant judgments in selecting the estimation method that fits the credit characteristics of its class and portfolio segment as set forth below. Also refer to Note 1,
"Basis of Presentation," in the consolidated financial statements for more information on the Company's allowance of loan and lease losses methodology.

As of December 31, 2019, management believes that the methodology for calculating the allowance provides a reasonable basis for determining and reporting on probable losses in the Company’s loan portfolios.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had a portfolio of approximately $10.3 million in loans secured by taxi medallions issued by the cities of Boston and Cambridge. As of December 31, 2018, this portfolio was approximately $13.7 million. Application-based mobile ride services, such as Uber and Lyft, have generated increased competition in the transportation sector, resulting in a reduction in taxi utilization and, as a result, a reduction in the collateral value and credit quality of taxi medallion loans. This has increased the likelihood that loans secured by taxi medallions may default, or that the borrowers may be unable to repay these loans at maturity, resulting in an increase in past due loans, troubled debt restructurings, and charge-offs. Therefore, beginning with the three months ended September 30, 2015, the Company’s allowance calculation included an enhanced segmentation of the commercial loans and leases to reflect the increased risk in the Company’s taxi medallion portfolio. This allowance calculation segmentation represents management’s estimations of the special risks associated with the taxi portfolio.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an allowance for loan and lease losses associated with taxi medallion loans of $2.1 million of which $0.6 million were specific reserves and $1.5 million was a general reserve. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had a reserve for loan and lease losses associated with taxi medallion loans of $2.5 million of which $1.9 million were specific reserves and $0.6 million was a general reserve. The decrease in the allowance for loans associated with taxi medallion loans was primarily driven by the decrease in specific reserves due to charge-offs, partially offset by the increase in the general reserve due to the downgrade of a taxi relationship. The total troubled debt restructured loans secured by taxi medallions decreased from $3.7 million at December 31, 2018 to $1.0 million at December 31, 2019. The total loans secured by taxi medallions that were placed on nonaccrual decreased to $1.3 million at December 31, 2019 from $3.7 million at December 31, 2018. The decrease in total loans secured by taxi medallions was primarily driven by the net charge-offs of $1.7 million and the pay down in taxi medallion loans. Further declines in demand for taxi services or further deterioration in the value of taxi medallions may result in higher delinquencies and losses beyond that provided for in the allowance for loan and lease losses.

The general allowance for loan and lease losses was $59.3 million as of December 31, 2019, compared to $55.6 million as of December 31, 2018. The general portion of the allowance for loan and lease losses increased by $3.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, as a result of the continued growth in the Company's loan portfolios, partly offset by decreases in historical loss factors applied to the commercial real estate and commercial loan portfolios.

The specific allowance for loan and lease losses was $1.8 million as of December 31, 2019, compared to $3.1 million as of December 31, 2018. The specific allowance for loan and lease losses decreased by $1.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, which was primarily driven by the charge-offs on the specific reserves for taxi medallion loans during the year.

Credit Quality Assessment
At the time of loan origination, a rating is assigned based on the capacity to pay and general financial strength of the borrower, the value of assets pledged as collateral, and the evaluation of third party support such as a guarantor. The Company periodically monitors the quality of the loan portfolio using all available information. The officer responsible for handling each loan is required to initiate changes to risk ratings when changes in facts and circumstances occur that warrant an upgrade or downgrade in a loan rating. Based on this information, loans demonstrating certain payment issues or other weaknesses may be categorized as delinquent, impaired, nonperforming and/or put on nonaccrual status. Additionally, in the course of resolving such loans, the Company may choose to restructure the contractual terms of certain loans to match the borrower's ability to repay the loan based on their current financial condition. If a restructured loan meets certain criteria, it may be categorized as a troubled debt restructuring.
The Company reviews numerous credit quality indicators when assessing the risk in its loan portfolio. For all loans, the Company utilizes an eight-grade loan rating system, which assigns a risk rating to each borrower based on a number of quantitative and qualitative factors associated with a loan transaction. Factors considered include industry and market conditions; position within the industry; earnings trends; operating cash flow; asset/liability values; debt capacity; guarantor
strength; management and controls; financial reporting; collateral; and other considerations. In addition, the Company's independent loan review group evaluates the credit quality and related risk ratings in all loan portfolios. The results of these reviews are reported to the Risk Committee of the Board of Directors on a periodic basis and annually to the Board of Directors. For the consumer loans, the Company heavily relies on payment status for calibrating credit risk.
The ratings categories used for assessing credit risk in the commercial real estate, multi-family mortgage, construction, commercial, equipment financing, condominium association and other consumer loan and lease classes are defined as follows:
1 -4 Rating—Pass
Loan rating grades "1" through "4" are classified as "Pass," which indicates borrowers are performing in accordance with the terms of the loan and are less likely to result in loss due to the capacity of the borrower to pay and the adequacy of the value of assets pledged as collateral.
5 Rating—Other Assets Especially Mentioned ("OAEM")
Borrowers exhibit potential credit weaknesses or downward trends deserving management's attention. If not checked or corrected, these trends will weaken the Company's asset and position. While potentially weak, currently these borrowers are marginally acceptable; no loss of principal or interest is envisioned.
6 Rating—Substandard
Borrowers exhibit well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt. Substandard loans may be inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors or by the collateral pledged, if any. Normal repayment from the borrower is in jeopardy. Although no loss of principal is envisioned, there is a distinct possibility that a partial loss of interest and/or principal will occur if the deficiencies are not corrected. Collateral coverage may be inadequate to cover the principal obligation.
7 Rating—Doubtful
Borrowers exhibit well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection of the debt in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Serious problems exist to the point where partial loss of principal is likely.
8 Rating—Definite Loss
Borrowers deemed incapable of repayment. Loans to such borrowers are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuation as active assets of the Company is not warranted.
Assets rated as "OAEM," "substandard" or "doubtful" based on criteria established under banking regulations are collectively referred to as "criticized" assets.
Credit Quality Information
The following tables present the recorded investment in loans in each class as of December 31, 2019 by credit quality indicator.
 
At December 31, 2019
 
 
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Multi-
Family
Mortgage
 
Construction
 
Commercial
 
Equipment
Financing
 
Condominium
Association
 
Other
Consumer
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
 
 
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan rating:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pass
$
2,379,925

 
$
896,398

 
$
239,015

 
$
688,268

 
$
1,038,793

 
$
56,687

 
$
38,673

 
$
5,337,759

OAEM
17,006

 

 

 
10,803

 
1,389

 

 

 
29,198

Substandard
3,106

 
84

 

 
14,801

 
7,995

 
151

 
1

 
26,138

Doubtful

 

 

 
3

 
1,820

 

 

 
1,823

Total originated
2,400,037

 
896,482

 
239,015

 
713,875

 
1,049,997

 
56,838

 
38,674

 
5,394,918

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan rating:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pass
81,360

 
35,681

 
7,033

 
15,215

 
2,404

 

 
108

 
141,801

OAEM
597

 

 

 
210

 

 

 

 
807

Substandard
9,017

 

 

 
202

 
7

 

 

 
9,226

Total acquired
90,974

 
35,681

 
7,033

 
15,627

 
2,411

 

 
108

 
151,834

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
$
2,491,011

 
$
932,163

 
$
246,048

 
$
729,502

 
$
1,052,408

 
$
56,838

 
$
38,782

 
$
5,546,752


As of December 31, 2019, there were no loans categorized as definite loss.

 
 
 
 


 
At December 31, 2019
 
Residential Mortgage
 
Home Equity
 
($ In Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan-to-value ratio:
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
Less than 50%
$
184,628

 
22.7
%
 
$
132,736

 
35.2
%
50% - 69%
293,976

 
36.1
%
 
91,681

 
24.3
%
70% - 79%
204,600

 
25.1
%
 
81,459

 
21.6
%
80% and over
25,664

 
3.2
%
 
37,371

 
9.9
%
Data not available*
2,654

 
0.3
%
 

 
%
Total originated
711,522

 
87.4
%
 
343,247

 
91.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
Loan-to-value ratio:
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
Less than 50%
32,838

 
4.0
%
 
16,882

 
4.5
%
50%—69%
44,754

 
5.4
%
 
7,958

 
2.1
%
70%—79%
14,305

 
1.8
%
 
705

 
0.2
%
80% and over
4,608

 
0.6
%
 
4,726

 
1.3
%
Data not available*
6,218

 
0.8
%
 
3,301

 
0.9
%
Total acquired
102,723

 
12.6
%
 
33,572

 
9.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
$
814,245

 
100.0
%
 
$
376,819

 
100.0
%
_______________________________________________________________________________
* Represents accounts for which data are not available.

The following tables present the recorded investment in loans in each class as of December 31, 2018 by credit quality indicator.
 
At December 31, 2018
 
 
 
Commercial
Real Estate
 
Multi-
Family
Mortgage
 
Construction
 
Commercial
 
Equipment
Financing
 
Condominium
Association
 
Other
Consumer
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
 
 
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan rating:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pass
$
2,198,377

 
$
799,483

 
$
150,742

 
$
685,773

 
$
969,275

 
$
50,186

 
$
23,249

 
$
4,877,085

OAEM
6,096

 

 

 
3,726

 
52

 

 

 
9,874

Substandard
4,431

 
330

 
396

 
22,870

 
6,895

 
265

 
11

 
35,198

Doubtful

 

 

 
261

 
2,618

 

 

 
2,879

Total originated
2,208,904

 
799,813

 
151,138

 
712,630

 
978,840

 
50,451

 
23,260

 
4,925,036

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan rating:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pass
111,919

 
47,715

 
22,162

 
23,250

 
3,240

 

 
110

 
208,396

OAEM
626

 

 

 
236

 

 

 

 
862

Substandard
9,276

 
183

 

 
302

 
9

 

 

 
9,770

Total acquired
121,821

 
47,898

 
22,162

 
23,788

 
3,249

 

 
110

 
219,028

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
$
2,330,725

 
$
847,711

 
$
173,300

 
$
736,418

 
$
982,089

 
$
50,451

 
$
23,370

 
$
5,144,064

As of December 31, 2018, there were no loans categorized as definite loss.
 
 
 
 


 
At December 31, 2018
 
Residential Mortgage
 
Home Equity
 
($ In Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan-to-value ratio:
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
Less than 50%
$
171,523

 
21.9
%
 
$
142,534

 
37.9
%
50%—69%
287,337

 
36.7
%
 
84,423

 
22.4
%
70%—79%
173,870

 
22.2
%
 
73,898

 
19.6
%
80% and over
19,030

 
2.4
%
 
30,129

 
8.0
%
Data not available*
1,299

 
0.2
%
 
30

 
%
Total originated
653,059

 
83.4
%
 
331,014

 
87.9
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
Loan-to-value ratio:
 

 
 
 
 

 
 
Less than 50%
36,752

 
4.6
%
 
24,705

 
6.6
%
50%—69%
53,788

 
6.9
%
 
10,353

 
2.7
%
70%—79%
26,510

 
3.4
%
 
1,000

 
0.3
%
80% and over
6,701

 
0.9
%
 
4,348

 
1.2
%
Data not available*
6,158

 
0.8
%
 
5,064

 
1.3
%
Total acquired
129,909

 
16.6
%
 
45,470

 
12.1
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
$
782,968

 
100.0
%
 
$
376,484

 
100.0
%

_______________________________________________________________________________
* Represents accounts for which data are not available.


The following table presents information regarding foreclosed residential real estate property for the periods indicated:
 
At December 31, 2019
 
At December 31, 2018
 
(In Thousands)
Recorded investment in mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure
$
110

 
$
121









Age Analysis of Past Due Loans and Leases
The following tables present an age analysis of the recorded investment in total loans and leases as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.
 
At December 31, 2019
 
Past Due
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and
Leases Past
Due Greater
Than 90 Days
and Accruing
 
 
 
31-60
Days
 
61-90
Days
 
Greater
Than
90 Days
 
Total
 
Current
 
Total Loans
and Leases
 
 
Nonaccrual
Loans and
Leases
 
(In Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
$
3,330

 
$
2,032

 
$
1,606

 
$
6,968

 
$
2,393,069

 
$
2,400,037

 
$
51

 
$
2,751

Multi-family mortgage
3,559

 
553

 

 
4,112

 
892,370

 
896,482

 

 
84

Construction

 

 

 

 
239,015

 
239,015

 

 

Total commercial real estate loans
6,889

 
2,585

 
1,606

 
11,080

 
3,524,454

 
3,535,534

 
51

 
2,835

Commercial loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
5,010

 
199

 
3,875

 
9,084

 
704,791

 
713,875

 

 
4,707

Equipment financing
3,098

 
1,558

 
7,246

 
11,902

 
1,038,095

 
1,049,997

 

 
9,822

Condominium association
458

 

 

 
458

 
56,380

 
56,838

 

 
151

Total commercial loans and leases
8,566

 
1,757

 
11,121

 
21,444

 
1,799,266

 
1,820,710

 

 
14,680

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
1,014

 

 
3

 
1,017

 
710,505

 
711,522

 

 
753

Home equity
794

 
501

 
139

 
1,434

 
341,813

 
343,247

 
2

 
276

Other consumer
46

 
1

 
1

 
48

 
38,626

 
38,674

 

 
1

Total consumer loans
1,854

 
502

 
143

 
2,499

 
1,090,944

 
1,093,443

 
2


1,030

Total originated loans and leases
$
17,309

 
$
4,844

 
$
12,870

 
$
35,023

 
$
6,414,664

 
$
6,449,687

 
$
53

 
$
18,545

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Continued)
 
 
At December 31, 2019
 
Past Due
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and
Leases Past
Due Greater
Than 90 Days
and Accruing
 
 
 
31-60
Days
 
61-90
Days
 
Greater
Than
90 Days
 
Total
 
Current
 
Total Loans
and Leases
 
 
Nonaccrual
Loans and
Leases (1)
 
(In Thousands)
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
$
539

 
$
59

 
$
8,989

 
$
9,587

 
$
81,387

 
$
90,974

 
$
8,919

 
$
94

Multi-family mortgage

 

 

 

 
35,681

 
35,681

 

 

Construction

 

 

 

 
7,033

 
7,033

 

 

Total commercial real estate loans
539

 
59

 
8,989

 
9,587

 
124,101

 
133,688

 
8,919

 
94

Commercial loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial

 

 

 

 
15,627

 
15,627

 

 
202

Equipment financing

 

 
7

 
7

 
2,404

 
2,411

 
7

 

Total commercial loans and leases

 

 
7

 
7

 
18,031

 
18,038

 
7

 
202

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
35

 
75

 
1,090

 
1,200

 
101,523

 
102,723

 
1,090

 

Home equity
430

 

 
42

 
472

 
33,100

 
33,572

 
40

 
620

Other consumer

 

 

 

 
108

 
108

 

 

Total consumer loans
465

 
75

 
1,132

 
1,672

 
134,731

 
136,403

 
1,130

 
620

Total acquired loans and leases
1,004

 
134

 
10,128

 
11,266

 
276,863

 
288,129

 
10,056

 
916

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans and leases
$
18,313

 
$
4,978

 
$
22,998

 
$
46,289

 
$
6,691,527

 
$
6,737,816

 
$
10,109

 
$
19,461

(1) Loans and leases acquired with deteriorated credit quality are always accruing.


 
At December 31, 2018
 
Past Due
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and
Leases Past
Due Greater
Than 90 Days
and Accruing
 
 
 
31-60
Days
 
61-90
Days
 
Greater
Than
90 Days
 
Total
 
Current
 
Total Loans
and Leases
 
 
Nonaccrual
Loans and
Leases
 
(In Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
$
5,139

 
$
896

 
$
2,962

 
$
8,997

 
$
2,199,907

 
$
2,208,904

 
$
277

 
$
3,806

Multi-family mortgage
893

 

 
145

 
1,038

 
798,775

 
799,813

 

 
330

Construction
297

 

 
396

 
693

 
150,445

 
151,138

 

 
396

Total commercial real estate loans
6,329

 
896

 
3,503

 
10,728

 
3,149,127

 
3,159,855

 
277

 
4,532

Commercial loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
2,021

 
582

 
6,244

 
8,847

 
703,783

 
712,630

 
1,962

 
6,421

Equipment financing
2,509

 
650

 
5,685

 
8,844

 
969,996

 
978,840

 
12

 
9,500

Condominium association
320

 

 

 
320

 
50,131

 
50,451

 

 
265

Total commercial loans and leases
4,850

 
1,232

 
11,929

 
18,011

 
1,723,910

 
1,741,921

 
1,974

 
16,186

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
400

 

 
1,597

 
1,997

 
651,062

 
653,059

 

 
1,842

Home equity
761

 
25

 
183

 
969

 
330,045

 
331,014

 
1

 
191

Other consumer
51

 
18

 
15

 
84

 
23,176

 
23,260

 

 
17

Total consumer loans
1,212

 
43

 
1,795

 
3,050

 
1,004,283

 
1,007,333

 
1

 
2,050

Total originated loans and leases
$
12,391

 
$
2,171

 
$
17,227

 
$
31,789

 
$
5,877,320

 
$
5,909,109

 
$
2,252

 
$
22,768

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Continued)
 
 
At December 31, 2018
 
Past Due
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and
Leases Past
Due Greater
Than 90 Days
and Accruing
 
 
 
31-60
Days
 
61-90
Days
 
Greater
Than
90 Days
 
Total
 
Current
 
Total Loans
and Leases
 
 
Nonaccrual
Loans and
Leases
 
(In Thousands)
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
$

 
$
215

 
$
9,087

 
$
9,302

 
$
112,519

 
$
121,821

 
$
9,018

 
$
122

Multi-family mortgage
348

 

 

 
348

 
47,550

 
47,898

 

 

Construction
360

 
242

 

 
602

 
21,560

 
22,162

 

 

Total commercial real estate loans
708

 
457

 
9,087

 
10,252

 
181,629

 
191,881

 
9,018

 
122

Commercial loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
124

 
44

 
290

 
458

 
23,330

 
23,788

 
90

 
200

Equipment financing

 

 
9

 
9

 
3,240

 
3,249

 
9

 

Total commercial loans and leases
124

 
44

 
299

 
467

 
26,570

 
27,037

 
99

 
200

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage

 
371

 
2,113

 
2,484

 
127,425

 
129,909

 
2,113

 
290

Home equity
191

 
265

 
2

 
458

 
45,012

 
45,470

 

 
717

Other consumer

 

 

 

 
110

 
110

 

 

Total consumer loans
191

 
636

 
2,115

 
2,942

 
172,547

 
175,489

 
2,113

 
1,007

Total acquired loans and leases
1,023

 
1,137

 
11,501

 
13,661

 
380,746

 
394,407

 
11,230

 
1,329

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans and leases
$
13,414

 
$
3,308

 
$
28,728

 
$
45,450

 
$
6,258,066

 
$
6,303,516

 
$
13,482

 
$
24,097



Impaired Loans and Leases
Refer to Note 1, "Basis of Presentation", in the consolidated financial statements for more information on the Company's methodology over impaired loans and leases. The following tables include the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances of impaired loans and leases with the related allowance amount, if applicable, for the originated and acquired loan and lease portfolios at the dates indicated. Also presented are the average recorded investments in the impaired loans and leases and the related amount of interest recognized during the period that the impaired loans were impaired.
 
At December 31, 2019
 
At December 31, 2018
 
Recorded
Investment
(1)
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related
Allowance
 
Recorded
Investment (2)
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related
Allowance
 
(In Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
$
3,899

 
$
3,892

 
$

 
$
5,569

 
$
5,545

 
$

Commercial
28,539

 
28,533

 

 
30,927

 
31,053

 

Consumer
2,237

 
2,223

 

 
2,989

 
2,978

 

Total originated with no related allowance recorded
34,675

 
34,648

 

 
39,485

 
39,576

 

With an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
68

 
68

 
7

 
396

 
396

 
5

Commercial
5,980

 
6,055

 
1,672

 
8,224

 
8,208

 
2,961

Consumer
1,224

 
1,220

 
70

 
665

 
664

 
89

Total originated with an allowance recorded
7,272

 
7,343

 
1,749

 
9,285

 
9,268

 
3,055

Total originated impaired loans and leases
41,947

 
41,991

 
1,749

 
48,770

 
48,844

 
3,055

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
12,365

 
12,366

 

 
9,538

 
9,538

 

Commercial
437

 
437

 

 
531

 
531

 

Consumer
3,516

 
3,516

 

 
4,772

 
4,772

 

Total acquired with no related allowance recorded
16,318

 
16,319

 

 
14,841

 
14,841

 

With an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer
447

 
447

 
40

 
154

 
154

 
26

 Total acquired with an allowance recorded
447

 
447

 
40

 
154

 
154

 
26

Total acquired impaired loans and leases
16,765

 
16,766

 
40

 
14,995

 
14,995

 
26

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total impaired loans and leases
$
58,712

 
$
58,757

 
$
1,789

 
$
63,765

 
$
63,839

 
$
3,081

__________________________________________________________________________
(1) Includes originated and acquired nonaccrual loans of $18.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively as of December 31, 2019.
Includes originated loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment of $27.3 million and $14.6 million, respectively as of December 31, 2019.
Includes acquired loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment of $5.2 million and $11.6 million, respectively as of December 31, 2019.

(2) Includes originated and acquired nonaccrual loans of $22.7 million and $1.3 million, respectively as of December 31, 2018.
Includes originated loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment of $41.2 million and $7.6 million, respectively as of December 31, 2018.
Includes acquired loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment of $2.5 million and $12.5 million, respectively as of December 31, 2018.
 
Year Ended
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
 
(In Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
$
5,148

 
$
110

 
$
6,484

 
$
87

 
$
10,181

 
$
277

Commercial
29,759

 
1,009

 
26,514

 
993

 
24,950

 
747

Consumer
2,662

 
42

 
2,801

 
54

 
4,330

 
58

Total originated with no related allowance recorded
37,569

 
1,161

 
35,799

 
1,134

 
39,461

 
1,082

With an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
269

 
3

 
99

 

 
3,271

 
162

Commercial
7,125

 
76

 
9,026

 
96

 
18,382

 
1

Consumer
946

 
32

 
835

 
11

 

 

Total originated with an allowance recorded
8,340

 
111

 
9,960

 
107

 
21,653

 
163

Total originated impaired loans and leases
45,909

 
1,272

 
45,759

 
1,241

 
61,114

 
1,245

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With no related allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
11,409

 
163

 
9,868

 
7

 
4,005

 
55

Commercial
511

 
11

 
1,212

 
16

 
2,280

 
31

Consumer
4,298

 
39

 
5,061

 
61

 
5,295

 
69

Total acquired with no related allowance recorded
16,218

 
213

 
16,141

 
84

 
11,580

 
155

With an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer
302

 
11

 
135

 
4

 
151

 
4

  Total acquired with an allowance recorded
302

 
11

 
135

 
4

 
151

 
4

Total acquired impaired loans and leases
16,520

 
224

 
16,276

 
88

 
11,731

 
159

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total impaired loans and leases
$
62,429

 
$
1,496

 
$
62,035

 
$
1,329

 
$
72,845

 
$
1,404


The following tables present information regarding impaired and non-impaired loans and leases at the dates indicated:
 
At December 31, 2019
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Commercial
 
Consumer
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
7

 
$
1,672

 
$
70

 
$
1,749

Collectively evaluated for impairment
28,415

 
22,853

 
5,850

 
57,118

Total originated loans and leases
28,422

 
24,525

 
5,920

 
58,867

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment

 

 
40

 
40

Collectively evaluated for impairment
65

 
197

 
11

 
273

Acquired with deteriorated credit quality
1,798

 
104

 

 
1,902

Total acquired loans and leases
1,863

 
301

 
51

 
2,215

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total allowance for loan and lease losses
$
30,285

 
$
24,826

 
$
5,971

 
$
61,082

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and Leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
3,956

 
$
20,019

 
$
3,326

 
$
27,301

Collectively evaluated for impairment
3,531,578

 
1,800,691

 
1,090,117

 
6,422,386

Total originated loans and leases
3,535,534

 
1,820,710

 
1,093,443

 
6,449,687

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
2,942

 
397

 
1,841

 
5,180

Collectively evaluated for impairment
79,465

 
15,465

 
110,758

 
205,688

Acquired with deteriorated credit quality
51,281

 
2,176

 
23,804

 
77,261

Total acquired loans and leases
133,688

 
18,038

 
136,403

 
288,129

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans and leases
$
3,669,222

 
$
1,838,748

 
$
1,229,846

 
$
6,737,816

 
At December 31, 2018
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Commercial
 
Consumer
 
Total
 
(In Thousands)
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
5

 
$
2,961

 
$
89

 
$
3,055

Collectively evaluated for impairment
26,617

 
22,131

 
5,075

 
53,823

Total originated loans and leases
26,622

 
25,092

 
5,164

 
56,878

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment

 

 
26

 
26

Collectively evaluated for impairment
32

 
83

 
20

 
135

Acquired with deteriorated credit quality
1,533

 
108

 
12

 
1,653

Total acquired loans and leases
1,565

 
191

 
58

 
1,814

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total allowance for loan and lease losses
$
28,187

 
$
25,283

 
$
5,222

 
$
58,692

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and Leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
5,610

 
$
32,127

 
$
3,502

 
$
41,239

Collectively evaluated for impairment
3,154,245

 
1,709,794

 
1,003,831

 
5,867,870

Total originated loans and leases
3,159,855

 
1,741,921

 
1,007,333

 
5,909,109

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment

 
404

 
2,072

 
2,476

Collectively evaluated for impairment
121,119

 
24,094

 
142,194

 
287,407

Acquired with deteriorated credit quality
70,762

 
2,539

 
31,223

 
104,524

Total acquired loans and leases
191,881

 
27,037

 
175,489

 
394,407

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans and leases
$
3,351,736

 
$
1,768,958

 
$
1,182,822

 
$
6,303,516

Troubled Debt Restructured Loans and Leases
A specific valuation allowance for losses on troubled debt restructured loans is initially determined by comparing the net carrying amount of the troubled debt restructured loan with the restructured loan's cash flows discounted at the original effective rate.
The following table sets forth information regarding troubled debt restructured loans and leases at the dates indicated:
 
At December 31, 2019
 
At December 31, 2018
 
(In Thousands)
Troubled debt restructurings:
 
 
 
On accrual
$
17,076

 
$
12,257

On nonaccrual
6,104

 
8,684

Total troubled debt restructurings
$
23,180

 
$
20,941



Total troubled debt restructuring loans and leases increased by $2.3 million to $23.2 million at December 31, 2019 from $20.9 million at December 31, 2018, primarily driven by one construction loan of $2.9 million which became a TDR during the year, partially offset by the payoff and pay down of current troubled debt restructuring loans during the year.
The recorded investment in troubled debt restructurings and the associated specific allowances for loan and lease losses, in the originated and acquired loan and lease portfolios, that were modified during the periods indicated, are as follows.
 
At and for the Year Ended December 31, 2019
 
 
 
Recorded Investment
 
Specific
Allowance for
Loan and
Lease Losses
 
 
 
Defaulted (1)
 
Number of
Loans/
Leases
 
At
Modification
 
At End of
Period
 
 
Nonaccrual
Loans and
Leases
 
Number of
Loans/
Leases
 
Recorded
Investment
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
2

 
$
295

 
$
290

 
$

 
$
221

 

 
$

Commercial
3

 
6,794

 
5,457

 
2,455

 
1,912

 
1

 
1,912

Equipment financing
7

 
2,774

 
2,266

 

 
392

 
2

 
365

Residential mortgage
3

 
868

 
866

 

 
96

 

 

Home equity
3

 
453

 
453

 

 

 

 

Total originated
18

 
11,184

 
9,332

 
2,455

 
2,621

 
3

 
2,277

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction
1

 
4,869

 
2,942

 

 

 

 

Residential mortgage
1

 
297

 
295

 

 

 

 

Home equity
1

 
134

 
133

 

 
133

 

 

Total acquired
3

 
5,300

 
3,370

 

 
133

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans and leases
21

 
$
16,484

 
$
12,702

 
$
2,455

 
$
2,754

 
3

 
$
2,277

______________________________________________________________________
(1) Includes loans and leases that have been modified within the past twelve months and subsequently had payment defaults during the period indicated.

 
At and for the Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
 
 
Recorded Investment
 
Specific
Allowance for
Loan and
Lease Losses
 
 
 
Defaulted (1)
 
Number of
Loans/
Leases
 
At
Modification
 
At End of
Period
 
 
Nonaccrual
Loans and
Leases
 
Number of
Loans/
Leases
 
Recorded
Investment
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
1

 
$
673

 
$
652

 
$

 
$
653

 

 
$

Commercial
10

 
1,775

 
1,706

 
733

 
1,706

 
2

 
1,075

Equipment financing
14

 
2,510

 
2,556

 
37

 
1,351

 

 

Residential mortgage
2

 
550

 
550

 
12

 
341

 
1

 
341

Home equity
1

 
86

 
83

 

 

 

 

Total originated
28

 
$
5,594

 
$
5,547

 
$
782

 
$
4,051

 
3

 
$
1,416

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquired:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
2

 
249

 
245

 

 
245

 

 

Total acquired
2

 
249

 
245

 

 
245

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans and leases
30

 
$
5,843

 
$
5,792

 
$
782

 
$
4,296

 
3

 
$
1,416

______________________________________________________________________
(1) Includes loans and leases that have been modified within the past twelve months and subsequently had payment defaults during the period indicated.

 
At and for the Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
 
 
Recorded Investment
 
Specific
Allowance for
Loan and
Lease Losses
 
 
 
Defaulted (1)
 
Number of
Loans/
Leases
 
At
Modification
 
At End of
Period
 
 
Nonaccrual
Loans and
Leases
 
Number of
Loans/
Leases
 
Recorded
Investment
 
(Dollars in Thousands)
Originated:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate
1

 
$
189

 
$
189

 
$

 
$

 

 
$

Commercial
10

 
7,861

 
3,911

 
191

 
2,189

 
2

 
1,361

Equipment financing
16

 
2,687

 
2,901

 
137

 
1,440

 
1

 
188

Total originated
27

 
10,737

 
7,001

 
328

 
3,629

 
3

 
1,549

______________________________________________________________________
(1) Includes loans and leases that have been modified within the past twelve months and subsequently had payment defaults during the period indicated.

There were no acquired loans and leases that met the definition of a troubled debt restructured during the twelve months
ended December 31, 2017.

The following table sets forth the Company's end-of-period balances for troubled debt restructurings that were modified during the periods indicated, by type of modification.
 
Year Ended
December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
(In Thousands)
Loans with one modification:
 
 
 
 
 
Extended maturity
$
5,811

 
$
1,717

 
$
2,810

Adjusted principal

 

 
19

Adjusted interest rate
252

 

 

Interest only

 

 
174

Combination maturity, principal, interest rate
3,624

 
3,651

 
1,914

Total loans modified once
$
9,687

 
$
5,368

 
$
4,917

 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans with more than one modification:
 
 
 
 
 
Extended maturity
$
3,015

 
$

 
$
1,910

Combination maturity, principal, interest rate

 
424

 
174

Total loans modified more than once
$
3,015

 
$
424

 
$
2,084

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans modified
$
12,702

 
$
5,792

 
$
7,001


The increase in troubled debt restructuring loans and leases that were modified for the year ending December 31, 2019 was primarily due to the increases in modifications on the commercial loans by $3.6 million and construction loans by $2.9 million during the year.
The net charge-offs of the performing and nonperforming troubled debt restructuring loans and leases for the years ending December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were $2.0 million, $1.2 million, and $4.8 million, respectively. The increase in net charge-offs of the performing and nonperforming troubled debt restructuring loans and leases for the year ending December 31, 2019 was primarily driven by the charge-offs on various taxi medallion relationships during the year.
As of December 31, 2019, loans modified to troubled debt restructurings totaled $3.1 million. As of December 31, 2018, and 2017 the Company did not have any loans modified to trouble debt restructurings.