The Company’s methodology for allocating the purchase price of an acquisition is determined through established and generally accepted valuation techniques. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the cost of the acquisition over the sum of the amounts assigned to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed. The Company assigns assets acquired (including goodwill) and liabilities assumed to one or more reporting units as of the date of acquisition. If the products obtained in an acquisition are assigned to multiple reporting units, the goodwill is distributed to the respective reporting units as part of the purchase price allocation process.

Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are reviewed for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. To measure impairment, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying amount, which includes goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, no impairment exists. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value of the reporting unit, a goodwill impairment is recorded.

Amortizable intangible assets and other long-lived assets are also subject to an impairment test if there is an indicator of impairment. When the Company determines that the carrying value of intangible assets or other long-lived assets may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more indicators of impairment, the Company uses the projected undiscounted cash flow method to determine whether an impairment exists, and then measures the impairment using discounted cash flows.

The process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets requires significant judgment. The Company regularly monitors current business conditions and other factors, including, but not

limited to, adverse industry or economic trends, restructuring actions and lower projections of profitability that may impact future operating results. The Company’s stock price and any estimated control premium are factors affecting the assessment of the fair value of the Company’s underlying reporting units for purposes of performing any goodwill impairment assessment.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and accumulated impairment loss during the three months ended March 31, 2024 were as follows:


	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Impairment Loss			Net
Beginning balance, January 1, 2024	$	4,387		$	(1,833	)	$	2,554
Foreign currency translation and measurement period adjustments		(43	)		—			(43	)
Ending balance, March 31, 2024	$	4,344		$	(1,833	)	$	2,511

The Company’s intangible assets are comprised of the following:


As of March 31, 2024:	Gross		Accumulated Impairment Charges			Accumulated Amortization			Foreign Currency Translation			Net
Completed technology	$	1,268	$	(152	)	$	(428	)	$	(19	)	$	669
Customer relationships		2,072		(1	)		(371	)		(55	)		1,645
Patents, trademarks, trade names and other		381		(63	)		(121	)		(10	)		187
	$	3,721	$	(216	)	$	(920	)	$	(84	)	$	2,501


As of December 31, 2023:	Gross		Accumulated Impairment Charges			Accumulated Amortization Charges			Foreign Currency Translation and Measurement Period Adjustments			Net
Completed technology	$	1,268	$	(152	)	$	(405	)	$	(4	)	$	707
Customer relationships		2,072		(1	)		(335	)		(17	)		1,719
Patents, trademarks, trade names and other		381		(63	)		(118	)		(7	)		193
	$	3,721	$	(216	)	$	(858	)	$	(28	)	$	2,619

Aggregate amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $62 and $81, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, $9 of in-process research and development was written off to amortization expense as certain projects were cancelled.

Aggregate net amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets for future years is as follows:


Year	Amount
2024 (remaining)	$	186
2025		247
2026		244
2027		242
2028		242
2029		240
Thereafter		1,044

The Company excluded from the above table intangible assets of $56 of indefinite-lived trademarks and trade names, which were not subject to amortization.