10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(MARK ONE)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 0-23621

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Massachusetts	04-2277512
(State or other jurisdiction	(I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)
2 Tech Drive, Suite 201, Andover, Massachusetts	01810
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (978) 645-5500

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par value	MKSI	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 31, 2023, the registrant had 66,862,788 shares of common stock outstanding.

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

FORM 10-Q

INDEX

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
	ITEM 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)	3
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	3
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income – Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022	4
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity – Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022	5
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022	6
		Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
	ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	27
	ITEM 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	40
	ITEM 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	40
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
	ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	41
	ITEM 5.	OTHER INFORMATION	41
	ITEM 6.	EXHIBITS	42
SIGNATURES			43

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in millions, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

ASSETS	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	757		$	909
Short-term investments		1			1
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $8 and $11 at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		631			720
Inventories		1,036			977
Other current assets		303			187
Total current assets		2,728			2,794
Property, plant and equipment, net		777			800
Right-of-use assets, net		237			234
Goodwill		2,575			4,308
Intangible assets, net		2,728			3,173
Other assets		185			186
Total assets	$	9,230		$	11,495
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Short-term debt	$	88		$	93
Accounts payable		314			426
Other current liabilities		433			433
Total current liabilities		835			952
Long-term debt, net		4,819			4,834
Non-current deferred taxes		628			783
Non-current accrued compensation		143			138
Non-current lease liabilities		217			215
Other non-current liabilities		93			90
Total liabilities		6,735			7,012
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 2 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding		—			—
Common stock, no par value, 200 shares authorized; 66.9 and 66.6 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		—			—
Additional paid-in capital		2,168			2,142
Retained earnings		431			2,272
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income		(104	)		69
Total stockholders’ equity		2,495			4,483
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	9,230		$	11,495

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

AND COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

(in millions, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net revenues:
Products	$	885		$	664		$	1,597		$	1,312
Services		118			101			200			195
Total net revenues		1,003			765			1,797			1,507
Cost of revenues:
Products		470			377			878			737
Services		63			50			113			98
Total cost of revenues (exclusive of amortization shown separately below)		533			427			991			835
Gross profit		470			338			806			672
Research and development		75			53			147			105
Selling, general and administrative		172			101			348			193
Acquisition and integration costs		5			2			11			10
Restructuring		11			3			12			5
Amortization of intangible assets		76			15			157			30
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments		1,827			—			1,827			—
Gain on sale of long-lived assets		—			—			—			(7	)
(Loss) income from operations		(1,696	)		164			(1,696	)		336
Interest income		(4	)		(1	)		(7	)		(1	)
Interest expense		88			7			173			13
Other expense (income), net		11			2			9			(3	)
(Loss) income before income taxes		(1,791	)		156			(1,871	)		327
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		(22	)		26			(59	)		54
Net (loss) income	$	(1,769	)	$	130		$	(1,812	)	$	273
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Changes in value of financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges	$	44		$	8		$	29		$	25
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(218	)		(38	)		(173	)		(48	)
Change in net investment hedge		2			—			(13	)		—
Unrecognized loss on investments		(11	)		—			(11	)		—
Net unrecognized pension loss		(3	)		—			(5	)		—
Total comprehensive (loss) income	$	(1,955	)	$	100		$	(1,985	)	$	250
Net (loss) income per share:
Basic	$	(26.47	)	$	2.33		$	(27.14	)	$	4.90
Diluted	$	(26.47	)	$	2.32		$	(27.14	)	$	4.89
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		66.8			55.7			66.8			55.6
Diluted		66.8			55.8			66.8			55.8

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in millions, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Retained			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Earnings			Income (Loss)			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2022		66.6	$	—	$	2,142		$	2,272		$	69		$	4,483
Net issuance under stock-based plans		0.1				(6	)								(6	)
Stock-based compensation						18									18
Cash dividend ($0.22 per common share)									(15	)					(15	)
Comprehensive (loss) income (net of tax):
Net loss									(42	)					(42	)
Other comprehensive income												13			13
Balance at March 31, 2023		66.7		—		2,154			2,215			82			4,451
Net issuance under stock-based plans		0.2				1									1
Stock-based compensation						13									13
Cash dividend ($0.22 per common share)									(15	)					(15	)
Comprehensive loss (net of tax):
Net loss									(1,769	)					(1,769	)
Other comprehensive loss												(186	)		(186	)
Balance at June 30, 2023		66.9	$	—	$	2,168		$	431		$	(104	)	$	2,495

	Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Retained			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Earnings			Loss			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2021		55.5	$	—	$	907		$	1,991		$	(11	)	$	2,887
Net issuance under stock-based plans		0.1				(6	)								(6	)
Stock-based compensation						8									8
Cash dividend ($0.22 per common share)									(12	)					(12	)
Comprehensive income (net of tax):
Net income									143						143
Other comprehensive income												7			7
Balance at March 31, 2022		55.6		—		909			2,122			(4	)		3,027
Net issuance under stock-based plans		0.1				1									1
Stock-based compensation						13									13
Cash dividend ($0.22 per common share)									(12	)					(12	)
Comprehensive income (loss) (net of tax):
Net income									130						130
Other comprehensive loss												(30	)		(30	)
Balance at June 30, 2022		55.7	$	—	$	923		$	2,240		$	(34	)	$	3,129

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in millions)

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$	(1,812	)	$	273
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		208			56
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments		1,827			—
Unrealized loss on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments		20			7
Amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount		15			—
Gain on sale of long-lived assets		—			(7	)
Stock-based compensation		31			21
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory		30			7
Deferred income taxes		(120	)		(2	)
Other		1			2
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable		80			(53	)
Inventories		(94	)		(133	)
Other current and non-current assets		(11	)		5
Accounts payable		(108	)		15
Accrued compensation		(35	)		(49	)
Income taxes payable		(56	)		(11	)
Other current and non-current liabilities		2			15
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(22	)		146
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of investments		—			(1	)
Maturities of investments		—			76
Proceeds from sale of long-lived assets		1			7
Purchases of property, plant and equipment		(35	)		(83	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(34	)		(1	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings		1			6
Payments of borrowings		(45	)		(8	)
Dividend payments		(29	)		(24	)
Net payments related to employee stock awards		(5	)		(5	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(78	)		(31	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(18	)		(15	)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(152	)		99
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		909			966
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	757		$	1,065

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

6

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

(1)Basis of Presentation

The terms “MKS” and the “Company” refer to MKS Instruments, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The interim financial data as of June 30, 2023, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, are unaudited; however, in the opinion of MKS, the interim data includes all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods. The condensed consolidated balance sheet presented as of December 31, 2022 has been derived from the consolidated audited financial statements as of that date. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and do not include all of the information and note disclosures required by United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the MKS Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2023.

The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, inventory valuation, warranty costs, stock-based compensation, intangible assets, goodwill, other long-lived assets and income taxes. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. As a result of rounding, there may be immaterial differences in amounts presented and certain calculations may not sum to the total number expressed in each category or tie to a corresponding schedule.

In the first and second quarters of 2022, MKS was comprised of the following three divisions: the Vacuum Solutions Division (“VSD”), the Photonics Solutions Division (“PSD”) and the Equipment Solutions Division (“ESD”). During the third quarter of 2022, MKS consolidated ESD into PSD and prior periods were recast to reflect this change. On August 17, 2022, MKS acquired Atotech Limited (“Atotech” and such transaction, the “Atotech Acquisition”) and the Atotech business became MKS’ new Materials Solutions Division (“MSD”). MKS’ reportable segments as of June 30, 2023 consist of its three divisions, VSD, PSD and MSD.

(2)Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Contract assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $49 and $46, respectively. A roll-forward of the Company’s deferred revenue and customer advances is as follows:

	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
Beginning balance, January 1(1)	$	96		$	40
Additions to deferred revenue and customer advances		84			91
Amount of deferred revenue and customer advances recognized in income		(93	)		(78	)
Ending balance, June 30(2)	$	87		$	53

(1)Beginning balance as of January 1, 2023 included $94 of current deferred revenue and customer advances, and $2 of non-current deferred revenue. Beginning balance as of January 1, 2022 included $37 of current deferred revenue and customer advances, and $3 of non-current deferred revenue.

(2)Ending balance as of June 30, 2023 included $85 of current deferred revenue and customer advances, and $2 of non-current deferred revenue. Ending balance as of June 30, 2022 included $51 of current deferred revenue and customer advances, and $2 of non-current deferred revenue.

Revenue from certain custom products, including MSD plating equipment, and revenue from certain service contracts are recorded over time. Remaining product and services revenues are recorded at a point in time.

7

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables summarize revenue from contracts with customers:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
	VSD		PSD		MSD		Total
Net revenues:
Products	$	365	$	236	$	284	$	885
Services		61		43		14		118
Total net revenues	$	426	$	279	$	298	$	1,003

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	VSD		PSD		MSD		Total
Net revenues:
Products	$	445	$	219	$	—	$	664
Services		62		39		—		101
Total net revenues	$	507	$	258	$	—	$	765

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	VSD		PSD		MSD		Total
Net revenues:
Products	$	617	$	405	$	575	$	1,597
Services		103		70		27		200
Total net revenues	$	720	$	475	$	602	$	1,797

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	VSD		PSD		MSD		Total
Net revenues:
Products	$	861	$	451	$	—	$	1,312
Services		120		75		—		195
Total net revenues	$	981	$	526	$	—	$	1,507

(3)Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with the provisions of fair value accounting, a fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability and defines fair value based upon an exit price model.

The fair value measurement guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments or securities or derivative contracts that are valued using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

8

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the Company categorizes such assets and liabilities based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

Assets and liabilities of the Company are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023 and are summarized as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Description	June 30, 2023		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	116	$	116	$	—	$	—
Available-for-sale securities:
Time deposits and certificates of deposit		1		—		1		—
Group insurance contracts		6		—		6		—
Derivatives
Foreign exchange forward contracts		7		—		7		—
Interest rate hedges - non-current		106		—		106		—
Pension and deferred compensation plan assets		19		—		19		—
Total assets	$	255	$	116	$	139	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivatives
Foreign exchange forward contracts	$	2	$	—	$	2	$	—
Total liabilities	$	2	$	—	$	2	$	—
Reported as follows:
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	116	$	116	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments		1		—		1		—
Other current assets		7		—		7		—
Total current assets	$	124	$	116	$	8	$	—
Other assets	$	131	$	—	$	131	$	—
Liabilities:
Other current liabilities	$	2	$	—	$	2	$	—

9

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

Assets and liabilities of the Company are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 and are summarized as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Description	December 31, 2022		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	60	$	60	$	—	$	—
Available-for-sale securities:
Time deposits and certificates of deposit		1		—		1		—
Group insurance contracts		6		—		6		—
Derivatives
Foreign exchange forward contracts		7		—		7		—
Interest rate hedges-non-current		104		—		104		—
Pension and deferred compensation plan assets		17		—		17		—
Total assets	$	195	$	60	$	135	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivatives
Foreign exchange forward contracts	$	8	$	—	$	8	$	—
Total liabilities	$	8	$	—	$	8	$	—
Reported as follows:
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	60	$	60	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments		1		—		1		—
Other current assets		8		—		8		—
Total current assets	$	69	$	60	$	9	$	—
Other assets	$	126	$	—	$	126	$	—
Liabilities:
Other current liabilities	$	8	$	—	$	8	$	—

Other Fair Value Disclosures

The estimated carrying value and fair value of the Company’s debt as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Outstanding debt	$	5,086	$	5,073	$	5,122	$	5,071

The estimated carrying value and fair value of the Company’s debt was determined using available market information based on recent trades or activity of debt instruments with substantially similar risks, terms and maturities, which fall within Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy.

Pension and Deferred Compensation Plan Assets

The pension and deferred compensation plan assets represent investments in mutual funds, exchange traded funds, government securities and other time deposits. These investments are set aside for retirement benefits of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries.

Derivatives

As a result of the Company’s global operating activities and variable interest rate borrowings, the Company is exposed to market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, which may adversely affect its operating results and financial position. When deemed appropriate, the Company minimizes its risks from foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations through the use of derivative financial instruments. The principal market in which the Company executes its foreign currency and interest rate contracts is the institutional market in an over-the-counter

10

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

environment with a relatively high level of price transparency. The market participants are typically large commercial banks. The contracts are valued using broker quotations or market transactions.

(4)Derivatives

Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts

The Company hedges a portion of its forecasted foreign currency-denominated intercompany sales of inventory, over a maximum period of eighteen months, using foreign exchange forward contracts accounted for as cash-flow hedges. To the extent these derivatives are effective in offsetting the variability of the hedged cash flows, and otherwise meet the hedge accounting criteria, changes in the derivatives’ fair value are not included in current earnings but are included in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) in stockholders’ equity. These changes in fair value will subsequently be reclassified into earnings, as applicable, when the forecasted transaction occurs. To the extent that a previously designated hedging transaction is no longer an effective hedge, any ineffectiveness measured in the hedging relationship is recorded in earnings in the period it occurs. The cash flows resulting from foreign exchange forward contracts are classified in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows as part of cash flows from operating activities. The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

The Company also enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge against changes in the balance sheet for certain subsidiaries to mitigate the risk associated with certain foreign currency transactions in the ordinary course of business. These derivatives are not designated as cash flow hedging instruments and gains or losses from these derivatives are recorded immediately in other expense (income), net.

The following tables summarize the primary net hedging positions and fair values of foreign exchange forward contracts outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	June 30, 2023
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell)	Net Notional Value		Fair Value Asset
U.S. dollar/Japanese yen	$	28	$	4
U.S. dollar/South Korean won		27		—
U.S. dollar/Taiwan dollar		31		1
U.S. dollar/Singapore dollar		1		—
U.S. dollar/Chinese renminbi		11		—
Euro/U.S. dollar		52		—
Euro/Chinese renminbi		36		—
Euro/Turkish lira		1		—
U.K. pound sterling/U.S. dollar		24		—
Total	$	211	$	5

	December 31, 2022
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell)	Net Notional Value		Fair Value (Liability) Asset
U.S. dollar/Japanese yen	$	57	$	—
U.S. dollar/South Korean won		75		(4	)
U.S. dollar/Taiwan dollar		33		1
U.S. dollar/U.K. pound sterling		7		—
U.S. dollar/Singapore dollar		1		—
U.S. dollar/Chinese renminbi		9		—
Euro/U.S. dollar		485		1
Euro/Chinese renminbi		31		1
U.K. pound sterling/euro		4		—
Total	$	702	$	(1	)

11

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

The following table summarizes the net (losses) gains on derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments:

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022		2023			2022
Foreign exchange forward contracts:
Net gains (losses) recognized in accumulated OCI	$	2		$	8	$	(13	)	$	26
Net (losses) gains reclassified from accumulated OCI into income	$	(1	)	$	3	$	(2	)	$	4

The net amount of existing losses as of June 30, 2023 expected to be reclassified from OCI into earnings within the next 12 months is immaterial.

Net Investment Hedge

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company designated a euro net investment hedge to offset the foreign exchange exposure of the Euro Tranche B, as defined and described further in Note 8. As a result, any mark-to-market foreign exchange impact of the Euro Tranche B is recorded in OCI.

Interest Rate Agreements

The Company has various interest rate swap agreements that exchange a forward-looking term rate based on the variable secured overnight financing rate (“Term SOFR”) paid on the outstanding balance of its New Term Loan Facility, as defined and further described in Note 8, to a fixed rate. The Company acquired USD London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) interest rate cap agreements as a result of the Atotech Acquisition and had utilized these agreements to offset Term SOFR on its New Term Loan Facility. Effective June 30, 2023, the Company’s USD LIBOR based interest rate caps were converted to Term SOFR. The Company also had two USD LIBOR based swaps that were converted to Term SOFR, effective June 30, 2023. The conversions from USD LIBOR to Term SOFR did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations.

The following table summarizes the terms and fair values of interest rate swaps and interest rate caps outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

									June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Effective Date	Maturity	Fixed Rate			Notional Amount at Effective Date		Notional Amount at June 30, 2023		Fair Value Asset		Fair Value Asset
Interest Rate Swaps
April 5, 2019	March 31, 2023		2.309	%	$	300	$	—	$	—	$	1
June 30, 2023	February 28, 2025		0.391	%		200		200		15		16
June 30, 2023	February 28, 2025		0.543	%		300		300		21		22
September 30, 2022	September 30, 2026		3.156	%		350		350		12		8
January 2, 2024	January 31, 2028		2.841	%		250		—		8		5
September 30, 2022	September 30, 2027		3.198	%		350		350		11		8
January 2, 2024	January 31, 2029		2.986	%		250		—		7		4
September 30, 2022	September 30, 2026		3.358	%		600		600		14		10
						2,600		1,800		88		74
Interest Rate Caps
June 30, 2023	January 31, 2024		0.805	%		350		350		9		15
June 30, 2023	January 31, 2024		0.805	%		350		350		9		15
						700		700		18		30
		Total			$	3,300	$	2,500	$	106	$	104

12

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

The interest rate swaps are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet and changes in the fair value are recognized in OCI. To the extent these arrangements are no longer effective hedges, the hedging relationship will be discontinued and changes in the fair value of the hedging instruments from the last assessment period that were effective up to the current period will be recorded immediately in earnings. Amounts previously recorded in OCI will remain in OCI and will be reclassified to earnings when the interest payments impact consolidated earnings. If the Company determines that the interest payments are unlikely to occur, amounts previously recorded in OCI will be reclassified to earnings immediately. Changes in the fair value of interest rate caps are recorded immediately in earnings, as the Company has not designated these instruments as hedges and therefore these instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting.

The following table summarizes the gains on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, consisting of balance sheet hedges and interest rate caps:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net gains recognized in income	$	6	$	1	$	16	$	7

Currency Option Agreements

In connection with financing the Atotech Acquisition, the Company issued euro denominated term loan debt. In anticipation of entering into these euro denominated loans, the Company purchased foreign currency option contracts in 2021 to fix the conversion of 300 euros into U.S. dollars. The options settled on January 31, 2022 and the Company recorded a gain of $5, net of premiums in 2022, which is included in other expense (income), net.

(5)Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials	$	755	$	689
Work-in-process		109		115
Finished goods		172		173
Total	$	1,036	$	977

(6)Acquisition

On August 17, 2022 (the “Effective Date”), the Company completed the Atotech Acquisition, through the acquisition of the entire issued share capital of Atotech by Atotech Manufacturing, Inc. (“Bidco”), a Delaware corporation and indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The Atotech Acquisition was implemented by means of a scheme of arrangement under the laws of Jersey (the “Scheme”) pursuant to the definitive agreement entered into by the Company and Atotech on July 1, 2021, as amended by the Letter Agreement dated October 29, 2021 by and among the Company, Atotech and Bidco, and as further amended by the Amendment to the Implementation Agreement dated April 1, 2022 by and among the Company, Atotech and Bidco (together, the “Implementation Agreement”).

Atotech, which the Company operates as MSD, develops leading process and manufacturing technologies for advanced surface modification, electroless and electrolytic plating, and surface finishing. Applying a comprehensive systems-and-solutions approach, Atotech’s portfolio includes chemistry, equipment, software, and services for innovative and high-technology applications in a wide variety of end markets. Atotech further broadens the Company’s capabilities by bringing leadership in critical chemistry solutions for electronics and packaging and specialty industrial applications.

On the Effective Date, pursuant to the Scheme and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Implementation Agreement, Bidco acquired each issued and outstanding ordinary share of Atotech in exchange for per share consideration of $16.20 in cash and 0.0552 of a share of Company common stock. The Company funded the payment of the aggregate cash consideration with a combination of cash on hand and the proceeds from the New Term Loan Facility, as defined in Note 8.

13

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

As a result of the Atotech Acquisition, the Company issued an aggregate of 10.7 shares of Company common stock to the former Atotech shareholders.

The purchase price of Atotech consisted of the following:

Cash consideration to Atotech stockholders, net	$	2,886
Value of MKS shares issued		1,186
Repayment of Atotech senior secured term loans		1,545
Settlement of accelerated Atotech share-based awards		47
Total purchase price, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired	$	5,664

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price was allocated to the estimated acquired tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities of Atotech based on their fair values as of the Effective Date, except for contract assets and liabilities, which remain at book value in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606. Any excess of the acquisition consideration over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed was allocated to goodwill and none of this goodwill or intangible assets will be deductible for tax purposes. The Company believes the amount of goodwill relative to identifiable intangible assets relates to several factors, including (1) broadening its position in key electronics and industrial markets to offer complementary solutions, and (2) leveraging component and systems expertise to provide robust solutions to meet its customers’ evolving technology needs.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price to the preliminary fair values assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Effective Date:

Cash and cash equivalents	$	238
Accounts receivable		283
Inventories		244
Other current assets		104
Property, plant and equipment		381
Intangible assets		2,726
Goodwill		3,064
Other assets		131
Total assets acquired		7,171
Accounts payable		194
Other current liabilities		166
Non-current deferred taxes		729
Non-current accrued compensation		99
Other non-current liabilities		81
Total liabilities assumed		1,269
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed		5,902
Less: Cash and cash equivalents acquired		(238	)
Total purchase price, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired	$	5,664

The allocation of purchase consideration to the estimated acquired tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities of Atotech is preliminary and subject to change during the measurement period. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process to value the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the Effective Date, its estimates and assumptions are subject to refinement. The fair value of the acquired intangible assets was determined using the income approach. In performing these valuations, the key underlying assumptions used included the appropriate discount rates as well as forecasted revenue growth rates, gross profit and operating expenses. Fair value estimates are based on a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and rely heavily on estimates and assumptions. The judgments used to determine the estimated fair value assigned to each class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as asset lives, can materially impact the Company’s results of operations. The finalization of the purchase accounting assessment may result in a change in the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and may have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations and financial position. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the Effective Date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with a corresponding offset to goodwill to reflect additional information received about facts and circumstances which existed at the Effective Date. The Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed subsequent to the purchase price allocation period in the Company’s operating results in the period in which the adjustments are determined.

14

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

The preliminary valuations were based on the information that was available through the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that existed as of the Effective Date and the expectations and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by the Company’s management. The size and breadth of the Atotech Acquisition will necessitate the use of this one-year measurement period to adequately analyze and assess a number of the factors used in establishing the fair value of certain tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the Effective Date and the related tax impacts of any changes made. The Company is still evaluating the legal entity allocation and related tax impacts of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Any potential adjustments made could be material in relation to the preliminary values presented.

The following table reflects the preliminary allocation of the acquired intangible assets and related estimate of useful lives at the Effective Date:

Customer relationships	$	1,756	11-14 years
Completed technology		595	8-9 years
Trade names		145	16 years
Backlog		40	1.5 years
In-process research and development		190
	$	2,726

The acquired intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the economic use of the assets over their estimated useful lives. Upon completion of the related projects, we expect the in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) intangible asset to be amortized over its estimated useful life of eight to nine years.

Pro Forma Results

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of the Company as if the Atotech Acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2021. The unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations actually would have been had the acquisition occurred on the assumed date. In addition, the unaudited pro forma financial information does not attempt to project the future results of operations of the combined Company.

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2022		June 30, 2022
Total net revenues	$	1,123	$	2,223
Net income	$	69	$	174

The unaudited pro forma information above give effect primarily to the following:

•applying the Company’s accounting policies;

•incremental interest expense related to the New Term Loan Facility;

•incremental amortization of acquired intangible assets related to the estimated fair value from the purchase price allocation;

•incremental depreciation of acquired property, plant and equipment related to the estimated fair value from the purchase price allocation;

•incremental compensation expense for share-based compensation arrangements; and

•the estimated tax impact of the above adjustments.

(7)Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The Company’s methodology for allocating the purchase price of an acquisition is determined through established and generally accepted valuation techniques. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the cost of the acquisition over the sum of the amounts assigned to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed. The Company assigns assets acquired (including goodwill) and liabilities assumed to one or more reporting units as of the date of acquisition. If the

15

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

products obtained in an acquisition are assigned to multiple reporting units, the goodwill is distributed to the respective reporting units as part of the purchase price allocation process.

Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are reviewed for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. To measure impairment, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying amount, which includes goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, no impairment exists. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value of the reporting unit, a goodwill impairment is recorded.

Amortizable intangible assets and other long-lived assets are also subject to an impairment test if there is an indicator of impairment. When the Company determines that the carrying value of intangible assets or other long-lived assets may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more indicators of impairment, the Company uses the projected undiscounted cash flow method to determine whether an impairment exists, and then measures the impairment using discounted cash flows.

The process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets requires significant judgment. The Company regularly monitors current business conditions and other factors, including, but not limited to, adverse industry or economic trends, restructuring actions and lower projections of profitability that may impact future operating results.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, the Company noted softer industry demand, particularly in the personal computer and smartphone markets, and concluded there was a triggering event at each of its electronics and general metal finishing reporting units, which together constitute MSD, and the equipment solutions reporting unit of PSD. For MSD, the Company concluded information on the softening of industry demand as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q did not exist as of the Effective Date.

For each of the three reporting units, the Company performed a quantitative assessment of goodwill using an equal weighting of the income approach and market approach. The income approach was based upon projected future cash flows that were discounted to present value and an assumed terminal growth rate. The key underlying assumptions included forecasted revenues, which incorporated external market data, gross profit and operating expenses, as well as an applicable discount rate for each reporting unit. The market approach for each of the three reporting units incorporated observed multiples of guideline public companies. The market approach for the electronics and general metal finishing reporting units also incorporated multiples from guideline transactions.

Fair value estimates are based on complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and rely heavily on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by the Company's management. There are inherent uncertainties and management judgment required in these determinations.

This quantitative assessment resulted in the following:

Reporting Unit	Goodwill Impairment	Remaining Goodwill
Electronics	$826	$1,420
General Metal Finishing	428	307
Equipment Solutions	372	100

In addition, the Company used an income approach to determine the fair value of the long-lived and indefinite lived intangible assets within these reporting units (Level 3 within the fair value hierachy). These valuations resulted in a $20 fair value and $152 impairment of completed technology within the equipment solutions reporting unit and a $72 fair value and $49 impairment of IPR&D within the electronics reporting unit. After evaluating forecast updates and carrying values, the Company did not identify impairments at any other of its reporting units.

For the completed technology valuation within the equipment solutions division, the forecasted future undiscounted cash flows were consistent with the Company’s goodwill analysis, using an approximate 7 year useful life, an 8% weighted-average forecasted revenue growth rate, and a discount rate of 13.5%. For the IPR&D intangible asset within the electronics reporting unit, the forecasted undiscounted future cash flows utilized were consistent with the Company’s goodwill analysis, with estimated time to complete in-process projects of up to 2 years, and a discount rate of 12.5%.

16

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and accumulated impairment loss during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were as follows:

	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Impairment Loss			Net
Beginning balance, January 1	$	4,454		$	(146	)	$	4,308
Impairment charge		—			(1,626	)		(1,626	)
Foreign currency translation		(107	)		—			(107	)
Ending balance, June 30	$	4,347		$	(1,772	)	$	2,575

Intangible Assets

The Company’s intangible assets are comprised of the following:

As of June 30, 2023:	Gross		Accumulated Impairment Charges			Accumulated Amortization			Foreign Currency Translation			Net
Completed technology	$	1,212	$	(152	)	$	(356	)	$	(17	)	$	687
Customer relationships		2,072		(1	)		(264	)		(45	)		1,762
Patents, trademarks, trade names and other		437		(49	)		(101	)		(8	)		279
	$	3,721	$	(202	)	$	(721	)	$	(70	)	$	2,728

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, $61 of IPR&D included within patents, trademarks, trade names, and other was reclassified into completed technology. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, $9 of IPR&D was written off to amortization expense as certain projects were cancelled.

As of December 31, 2022:	Gross		Accumulated Impairment Charges			Accumulated Amortization Charges			Foreign Currency Translation		Net
Completed technology	$	1,151	$	—		$	(303	)	$	4	$	852
Customer relationships		2,072		(1	)		(190	)		11		1,892
Patents, trademarks, trade names and other		498		—			(71	)		2		429
	$	3,721	$	(1	)	$	(564	)	$	17	$	3,173

Aggregate amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $157 and $30, respectively. The increase in amortization of intangible assets was a result of increased amortization related to acquired intangible assets from the Atotech Acquisition. Aggregate net amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets for future years is as follows:

Year	Amount
2023 (remaining)	$	128
2024		226
2025		225
2026		222
2027		220
2028		220
Thereafter		1,364

The Company excluded from the above table intangible assets of $56 of indefinite-lived trademarks and trade names, and $67 of IPR&D, which were not subject to amortization.

17

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

(8)Debt

The Company’s outstanding debt is as follows:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Short-term debt:
New Term Loan Facility	$	88	$	93
Long-term debt, net:
New Term Loan Facility	$	4,819	$	4,834

Long-term debt is net of deferred financing fees, original issuance discount and repricing fees in the aggregate amount of $179 and $195 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

New Credit Facilities

In connection with the completion of the Atotech Acquisition, the Company entered into a credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent, Barclays Bank PLC, and the lenders from time to time party thereto (the “New Credit Agreement”). The New Credit Agreement provides for (i) a senior secured term loan facility (the “New Term Loan Facility”) comprised of three tranches: a USD 1,000 loan (the “USD Tranche A”), a USD 3,600 loan (the “USD Tranche B”) and a EUR 600 loan (the “Euro Tranche B”), each of which were borrowed in full on the Effective Date, and (ii) a senior secured revolving credit facility of USD 500 (the “New Revolving Facility” and, together with the New Term Loan Facility, the “New Credit Facilities”), with the commitments under each of the foregoing facilities subject to increase from time to time subject to certain conditions.

Borrowings under the New Credit Facilities bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s option, any of the following, plus, in each case, an applicable margin: (a) with respect to the USD Tranche A, the USD Tranche B and the New Revolving Facility, (x) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, (2) the prime rate quoted in The Wall Street Journal, or (3) a forward-looking term rate based on Term SOFR (plus an applicable credit spread adjustment) for an interest period of one month, plus 1.00%; and (y) a Term SOFR rate (plus an applicable credit spread adjustment) for the interest period relevant to such borrowing, subject to a rate floor of (I) with respect to the USD Tranche B, 0.50% and (II) with respect to the USD Tranche A and the New Revolving Facility, 0.0%; and (b) with respect to the Euro Tranche B, a Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”) rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for Euro deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a EURIBOR rate floor of 0.0%. The USD Tranche A was issued with original issue discount of 0.25% of the principal amount thereof. The USD Tranche B and the Euro Tranche B were issued with original issue discount of 2.00% of the principal amount thereof. The applicable margin for borrowings under the USD Tranche A is 1.50% with respect to base rate borrowings and 2.50% with respect to Term SOFR borrowings. The applicable margin for borrowings under the USD Tranche B is 1.75% with respect to base rate borrowings and 2.75% with respect to Term SOFR borrowings. The applicable margin for borrowings under the Euro Tranche B is 3.00%. The applicable margin for borrowings under the New Revolving Facility is 1.50% with respect to base rate borrowings and 2.50% with respect to Term SOFR borrowings.

In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the New Credit Facilities, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee in respect of the unutilized commitments under the New Revolving Facility. The initial commitment fee is 0.375% per annum. Commencing with the delivery of financial statements with respect to the first quarter ending after the closing of the New Credit Agreement, the commitment fee is subject to downward adjustment based on the Company’s first lien net leverage ratio as of the end of the preceding quarter. The Company must also pay customary letter of credit fees and agency fees.

The Company incurred $242 of deferred financing fees and original issue discount related to the term loans under the New Term Loan Facility, which are included in long-term debt, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the term loans using the effective interest method. A portion of the deferred financing fees and original issue discount was accelerated in connection with the debt prepayment and extinguishment of the Prior Term Loan Facility (as defined below).

Under the New Credit Agreement, the Company is required to prepay outstanding term loans, subject to certain exceptions, with portions of its annual excess cash flow as well as with the net cash proceeds of certain of its asset sales, certain casualty and condemnation events and the incurrences or issuances of certain debt.

18

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

If at any time the aggregate amount of outstanding loans, unreimbursed letter of credit drawings and undrawn letters of credit under the New Revolving Facility exceeds the aggregate commitments under the New Revolving Facility, the Company is required to repay outstanding loans and/or cash collateralize letters of credit, with no reduction of the commitment amount.

The Company may voluntarily prepay outstanding loans under the New Credit Facilities from time to time, subject to certain conditions, without premium or penalty other than customary “breakage” costs with respect to Term SOFR or EURIBOR loans; provided, however, that subject to certain exceptions, if on or prior to the date that is twelve months after the closing date of the New Term Loan Facility, the Company prepays any loans under the USD Tranche B or the Euro Tranche B in connection with a repricing transaction, the Company must pay a prepayment premium of 1.00% of the aggregate principal amount of the loans so prepaid. Additionally, the Company may voluntarily reduce the unutilized portion of the commitment amount under the New Revolving Facility.

The Company is required to make scheduled quarterly payments each equal to 1.25% of the original principal amount of the USD Tranche A (increasing to 1.875% in years 3 and 4 and 2.50% in year 5) and 0.25% of the original principal amount of the USD Tranche B and the Euro Tranche B, beginning with the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022, with the balance due thereunder on the fifth anniversary of the closing date in the case of the USD Tranche A and the seventh anniversary of the closing date in the case of the USD Tranche B and the Euro Tranche B.

There is no scheduled amortization under the New Revolving Facility. Any principal amount outstanding under the New Revolving Facility is due and payable in full on the fifth anniversary of the closing date.

The Company incurred $7 of costs in connection with the New Revolving Facility, which were capitalized and included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of four years. As a result of the termination of the Prior ABL Credit Facility (as defined below) concurrently with the Company’s entry into the New Revolving Facility, the Company wrote off an immaterial amount of previously capitalized debt issuance costs.

All obligations under the New Credit Facilities are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries and are required to be guaranteed by certain of the Company’s future wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries, and are secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets and the assets of such subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions.

Under the New Credit Agreement, the Company has the ability to incur additional incremental debt facilities in an amount up to (x) the greater of (1) $1,011 and (2) 75% of consolidated EBITDA, plus (y) an amount equal to the sum of all voluntary prepayments of term loans under the New Term Loan Facility, plus (z) an additional unlimited amount subject to pro forma compliance with certain leverage ratio tests (based on the security and priority of such incremental debt).

Under the USD Tranche A and the New Revolving Facility, so long as any USD Tranche A loans (or commitments in respect thereof) are outstanding as of the end of any fiscal quarter, the Company may not allow its total net leverage ratio as of the end of such fiscal quarter to be greater than 5.50 to 1.00, with an annual step-down of 0.25:1.00 and subject to a step-up of 0.50:1.00 for the four full fiscal quarter period following any material acquisition, not to exceed 5.50 to 1.00.

In addition, in the event there are no loans outstanding under the USD Tranche A, as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Company when the aggregate amount of loans outstanding under the New Revolving Facility (net of (a) all letters of credit (whether cash collateralized or not) and (b) unrestricted cash of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries) exceeds 35% of the aggregate amount of all commitments under the New Revolving Facility in effect as of such date, the Company may not allow its first lien net leverage ratio as of the end of each such fiscal quarter to be greater than 6.00 to 1.00.

The USD Tranche B and the Euro Tranche B are not subject to financial maintenance covenants.

The New Credit Agreement contains a number of negative covenants that, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, restrict the ability of the Company and each of its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness; pay dividends on its capital stock or redeem, repurchase or retire its capital stock or its subordinated indebtedness; make investments, loans and acquisitions; create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts to the Company from the Company’s restricted subsidiaries or restrictions on the ability of the Company’s restricted subsidiaries to incur liens; engage in transactions with its affiliates; sell assets, including capital stock of its subsidiaries; materially alter the business it conducts; consolidate or merge; incur liens; and engage in sale-leaseback transactions.

The New Credit Agreement also contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and provisions relating to events of default. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under the New Credit Facilities will be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due under the New Credit Facilities and all actions permitted to be

19

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

taken by a secured creditor. As of June 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the New Credit Agreement.

The proceeds of the New Term Loan Facility were used on the Effective Date, among other things, to fund a portion of the consideration payable in connection with the Atotech Acquisition and to refinance the Prior Term Loan Facility and the Prior ABL Credit Facility and certain indebtedness of Atotech. The Company also paid certain customary fees and expenses of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Barclays Bank PLC, BofA Securities Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. and Mizuho Bank, Ltd. in their respective capacities as lead arrangers and bookrunners in connection with the New Credit Facilities.

On the Effective Date, in connection with the entry into the New Credit Agreement described above, the Company terminated and prepaid the prior term loan credit facility under that certain Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2016, by and among the Company, Barclays Bank PLC and the other financial institutions from time to time party thereto (as amended, the “Prior Term Loan Credit Agreement” and the term loan credit facility thereunder, the “Prior Term Loan Facility”) and terminated the prior revolving credit facility under that certain ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2019, by and among the Company, Barclays Bank PLC and the other financial institutions from time to time party thereto (as amended, the “Prior ABL Credit Agreement” and the revolving credit facility thereunder, the “Prior ABL Credit Facility”).

As of June 30, 2023, the outstanding principal amount of the New Term Loan Facility was $5,086 and the weighted average interest rate was 7.7%. As of June 30, 2023, there were no borrowings under the New Revolving Facility.

Lines of Credit and Borrowing Arrangements

Certain of the Company’s Japanese subsidiaries have lines of credit and a financing facility with various financial institutions, many of which generally expire and are renewed at three-month intervals with the remaining having no expiration date. The lines of credit and financing facility provided for aggregate borrowings as of June 30, 2023 of up to an equivalent of $14. There were no borrowings outstanding under these arrangements at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Contractual maturities of the Company’s debt obligations as of June 30, 2023 are as follows:

Year	Amount
2023 (remaining)	$	44
2024		93
2025		110
2026		116
2027		695
2028		43
Thereafter		3,985

(9)Product Warranties

The Company provides for the estimated costs to fulfill customer warranty obligations upon the recognition of the related revenue. The Company’s warranty obligations are affected by shipment volume, product failure rates, utilization levels, material usage and supplier warranties on parts delivered to the Company. Should actual product failure rates, utilization levels, material usage, or supplier warranties on parts differ from the Company’s estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. The Company engages in extensive product quality programs and processes, including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of its component suppliers.

Product warranty activities were as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Beginning of period	$	27		$	21
Provision for product warranties		4			12
Charges to warranty liability		(8	)		(14	)
End of period	$	23		$	19

As of June 30, 2023, short-term product warranties of $17 and long-term product warranties of $6 were included within other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities, respectively, within the accompanying condensed consolidated balance

20

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

sheet. As of June 30, 2022, short-term product warranties of $18 and long-term product warranties of $1 were included within other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities, respectively, within the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

(10)Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consisted of the following:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued compensation and other employee-related obligations	$	131	$	162
Deferred revenue and customer advances		85		94
Income taxes payable		79		51
Lease liabilities		28		26
Other		110		100
Total other current liabilities	$	433	$	433

(11)Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 were 1.2% and 3.2%, respectively. The goodwill impairment relating to the electronics and general metal finishing reporting units of MSD and the equipment solutions reporting unit of PSD was considered non-deductible goodwill for tax purposes and therefore no tax benefit was recorded related to the goodwill impairment. The tax effect of the impairment of the intangible assets was discretely recorded in its entirety during the three months ended June 30, 2023. The Company’s tax benefit of $22 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and $59 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was primarily due to the loss from operations and impairment of intangible assets for these periods. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to the tax benefit related to the impairment of intangible assets.

The Company's effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 were 17.0% and 16.6%, respectively. The Company's effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 were lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate mainly due to the U.S. deduction for foreign derived intangible income and the geographic mix of income earned by the Company's international subsidiaries being taxed at rates lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate, offset by the U.S. global intangible low-taxed income inclusion.

(12) Net (Loss) Income Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022		2023			2022
Numerator:
Net (loss) income	$	(1,769	)	$	130	$	(1,812	)	$	273
Denominator:
Shares used in net (loss) income per common share – basic		66.8			55.7		66.8			55.6
Effect of dilutive securities		—			0.1		—			0.2
Shares used in net (loss) income per common share – diluted		66.8			55.8		66.8			55.8
Net (loss) income per common share:
Basic	$	(26.47	)	$	2.33	$	(27.14	)	$	4.90
Diluted	$	(26.47	)	$	2.32	$	(27.14	)	$	4.89

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing (loss) income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted EPS is similar to the computation of basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding (using the treasury stock method) if securities containing potentially dilutive common shares had been converted to such common shares, and if such assumed conversion is dilutive. In periods in which a net loss is recognized, the impact of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is not included as they are antidilutive.

21

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company had an immaterial quantity of RSUs that were antidilutive and were excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares.

(13)Stock-Based Compensation

Prior to May 10, 2022, the Company granted RSUs to employees and directors under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”). Following shareholder approval of the 2022 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan” and, together with the 2014 Plan, the “Plans”) on May 10, 2022, the Company discontinued granting RSUs to employees and directors under the 2014 Plan and began granting them under the 2022 Plan. The Plans are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. The Plans are intended to attract and retain employees and directors, and to provide an incentive for these individuals to assist the Company to achieve long-range performance goals and enable these individuals to participate in the long-term growth of the Company.

In connection with the Atotech Acquisition, all Atotech time-based RSUs and performance-based RSU awards outstanding immediately prior to the acquisition were cancelled and replaced with the Company’s time-based RSUs under the 2022 Plan in accordance with the Implementation Agreement. Based on a formula in the Implementation Agreement, such cancelled RSUs were replaced with the Company’s RSUs, which are subject to the terms and conditions of the 2022 Plan and the related RSU agreements.

The total stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income was as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of revenues	$	2	$	2	$	3	$	3
Research and development		2		2		3		3
Selling, general and administrative		9		9		25		15
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	13	$	13	$	31	$	21

At June 30, 2023, the total compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards granted to employees and directors under the Plans that had not been recognized was $65. The Company determines the fair value of RSUs based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the award and estimates the fair value of employee stock purchase plan rights using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Such values are recognized as expense on a straight-line basis for time-based awards and using the accelerated graded vesting method for performance-based awards, both over the requisite service periods.

The following table presents the activity for RSUs under the Plans:

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Quantity			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
RSUs – beginning of period		0.8		$	118.96
Granted		0.7		$	87.09
Vested or forfeited		(0.4	)	$	119.30
RSUs – end of period		1.1		$	98.84

(14)Stockholders’ Equity

Share Repurchase Program

On July 25, 2011, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for the repurchase of up to an aggregate of $200 of its outstanding common stock from time to time in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or through other appropriate means. The timing and quantity of any shares repurchased depends upon a variety of factors, including business conditions, stock market conditions and business development activities, including, but not limited to, merger and acquisition opportunities. These repurchases may be commenced, suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. The Company has repurchased approximately 2.6 shares of common stock for approximately $127

22

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

pursuant to the program since its adoption. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, there were no repurchases of common stock. Under the New Credit Facilities, the Company may be restricted from repurchasing its common stock under certain circumstances.

Cash Dividends

Holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to receive dividends when they are declared by the Company’s Board of Directors. During each of the first and second quarters of 2023 and 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.22 per share, which totaled $29 and $24 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Future dividend declarations, if any, as well as the record and payment dates for such dividends, are subject to the final determination of the Company’s Board of Directors. In addition, under the New Credit Facilities, the Company may be restricted from paying dividends under certain circumstances.

(15)Business Segment, Geographic Area, and Significant Customer Information

The Company has three reportable segments: VSD, PSD and MSD. During the third quarter of 2022, MKS consolidated ESD into PSD and prior periods were recast to reflect this change. The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), which is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, utilizes financial information to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company, which is used in the decision-making process to assess performance and allocate resources to the three segments.

Reportable Segments

VSD delivers foundational technology solutions to leading edge semiconductor manufacturing, advanced electronics and specialty industrial applications. VSD products are derived from our core competencies in pressure measurement and control, flow measurement and control, gas and vapor delivery, gas composition analysis, electronic control technology, reactive gas generation and delivery, power generation and delivery, and vacuum technology.

PSD provides a full range of solutions including lasers, beam measurement and profiling, precision motion control, vibration isolation systems, photonics instruments, temperature sensing, opto-mechanical components, optical elements, laser-based systems for flexible printed circuit board (“PCB”) processing, laser-based systems for high density interconnect PCB and package substrate manufacturing, and high-speed multilayer ceramic capacitor testing.

MSD develops leading process and manufacturing technologies for advanced surface modification, electroless and electrolytic plating, and surface finishing. Atotech is a brand within MSD. Applying a comprehensive systems-and-solutions approach, MSD’s portfolio includes chemistry, equipment, software, and services for innovative and high-technology applications in a wide variety of end markets.

The Company derives its segment results directly from the manner in which results are reported in its management reporting system. The accounting policies that the Company uses to derive reportable segment results are substantially the same as those used for external reporting purposes. The Company groups similar products within its three reportable segments.

The following table sets forth net revenues by reportable segment:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Vacuum Solutions Division	$	426	$	507	$	720	$	981
Photonics Solutions Division		279		258		475		526
Materials Solutions Division		298		—		602		—
	$	1,003	$	765	$	1,797	$	1,507

23

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

The following table reconciles gross profit by reportable segment to net (loss) income:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Gross profit by reportable segment:
Vacuum Solutions Division	$	193		$	219		$	301		$	425
Photonics Solutions Division		128			119			209			247
Materials Solutions Division		149			—			296			—
Total gross profit by reportable segment		470			338			806			672
Operating expenses:
Research and development		75			53			147			105
Selling, general and administrative		172			101			348			193
Acquisition and integration costs		5			2			11			10
Restructuring		11			3			12			5
Amortization of intangible assets		76			15			157			30
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments		1,827			—			1,827			—
Gain on sale of long-lived assets		—			—			—			(7	)
(Loss) income from operations		(1,696	)		164			(1,696	)		336
Interest income		(4	)		(1	)		(7	)		(1	)
Interest expense		88			7			173			13
Other expense (income), net		11			2			9			(3	)
(Loss) income before income taxes		(1,791	)		156			(1,871	)		327
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		(22	)		26			(59	)		54
Net (loss) income	$	(1,769	)	$	130		$	(1,812	)	$	273

Interest income, interest expense and income tax (benefit) expense are not presented by reportable segment because the necessary information is not classified within the segments nor used by the CODM.

The following table sets forth segment assets by reportable segment:

June 30, 2023	Accounts  receivable, net			Inventories		Total
Vacuum Solutions Division	$	258		$	541	$	799
Photonics Solutions Division		266			317		583
Materials Solutions Division		286			178		464
Corporate, Eliminations & Other		(179	)		—		(179	)
Total segment assets	$	631		$	1,036	$	1,667

December 31, 2022	Accounts  receivable, net			Inventories		Total
Vacuum Solutions Division	$	307		$	491	$	798
Photonics Solutions Division		210			296		506
Materials Solutions Division		298			190		488
Corporate, Eliminations & Other		(95	)		—		(95	)
Total segment assets	$	720		$	977	$	1,697

The following table reconciles segment assets to total assets:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total segment assets	$	1,667	$	1,697
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments		758		910
Other current assets		303		187
Property, plant and equipment, net		777		800
Right-of-use assets, net		237		234
Goodwill and intangible assets, net		5,303		7,481
Other assets		185		186
Total assets	$	9,230	$	11,495

24

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

Geographic Area

Information about the Company’s operations by geographic area is presented in the tables below. Net revenues from unaffiliated customers are based on the location in which the sale originated. Intercompany sales between geographic areas are at tax transfer prices and have been eliminated from consolidated net revenues.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Net revenues:	2023		2022		2023		2022
United States	$	366	$	347	$	620	$	690
China		175		82		322		149
South Korea		87		95		161		178
Germany		65		38		138		76
Other		310		203		556		414
	$	1,003	$	765	$	1,797	$	1,507

Long-lived assets include property, plant and equipment, net, right-of-use assets, net and certain other assets, and exclude goodwill, intangible assets and long-term tax-related accounts.

Long-lived assets:	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
United States	$	515	$	508
Germany		155		160
China		159		175
Other		338		343
	$	1,167	$	1,186

Goodwill associated with each of the Company’s reportable segments is as follows:

	VSD			PSD			MSD			Total
Reportable segment:
Gross goodwill, at December 31, 2022	$	336		$	1,031		$	3,087		$	4,454
Foreign currency translation		(1	)		(1	)		(105	)		(107	)
Gross goodwill, at June 30, 2023		335			1,030			2,982			4,347
Accumulated goodwill impairment, at December 31, 2022		(141	)		(5	)		—			(146	)
Impairment charge		—			(372	)		(1,254	)		(1,626	)
Accumulated goodwill impairment, at June 30, 2023		(141	)		(377	)		(1,254	)		(1,772	)
Goodwill, net of accumulated impairment and foreign currency translation, at June 30, 2023	$	194		$	653		$	1,728		$	2,575

(16)Restructuring

The Company recorded restructuring charges of $11 and $12 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, primarily related to severance costs due to global cost-saving initiatives implemented in each of the first and second quarters of 2023. The Company recorded restructuring charges of $3 and $5 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, primarily related to severance costs due to a global cost-saving initiative and the closure of two facilities in Europe.

Restructuring activities were as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Restructuring accrual beginning of period	$	3		$	3
Charged to expense		12			5
Payments and adjustments		(6	)		(6	)
Restructuring accrual end of period	$	9		$	2

25

MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in millions, except per share data)

(17)Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

26

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regarding the future financial performance, business prospects and growth of MKS Instruments, Inc. (“MKS”, the “Company,” “our,” or “we”), and the impact of the ransomware event we identified on February 3, 2023, including our ability to fulfill orders that were delayed by the ransomware event, and the expected impact on our revenues as a result of fulfilling such delayed orders. These statements are only predictions based on current assumptions and expectations. Any statements that are not statements of historical fact (including statements containing the words “will,” “projects,” “intends,” “believes,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “continues” and similar expressions) should be considered to be forward-looking statements. Actual events or results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements set forth herein.

Among the important factors that could cause actual events to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements that we make are the need to generate sufficient cash flows to service and repay the substantial indebtedness we incurred in connection with our acquisition of Atotech Limited (“Atotech” and such transaction, the “Atotech Acquisition”), which we completed in August 2022; the terms of our existing credit facilities under which we incurred such debt; our entry into the chemicals technology business through the Atotech Acquisition, in which we do not have experience and which may expose us to significant additional liabilities; the risk that we are unable to integrate the Atotech Acquisition successfully or realize the anticipated synergies, cost savings and other benefits of the Atotech Acquisition; the ongoing assessment of the ransomware event we identified on February 3, 2023, including legal, reputational, financial and contractual risks resulting from the incident, and other risks related to cybersecurity, data privacy and intellectual property; competition from larger, more advanced or more established companies in our markets; the ability to successfully grow our business and the businesses of Atotech and Electro Scientific Industries, Inc., which we acquired in February 2019 and financial risks associated with those and potential future acquisitions, including goodwill and intangible asset impairments; manufacturing and sourcing risks, including those associated with limited and sole source suppliers and the impact and duration of supply chain disruptions, component shortages, and price increases; changes in global demand and the impact of COVID-19 or any other pandemic, including with respect to such supply chain disruptions, component shortages and price increases; risks associated with doing business internationally, including trade compliance, regulatory restrictions on our products, components or markets, particularly the semiconductor market, and unfavorable currency exchange and tax rate fluctuations, which risks become more significant as we grow our business internationally and in China specifically; conditions affecting the markets in which we operate, including fluctuations in capital spending in the semiconductor, electronics manufacturing and automotive industries, and fluctuations in sales to our major customers or disruptions or delays from third-party service providers upon which our operations may rely; the ability to anticipate and meet customer demand; the challenges, risks and costs involved with integrating or transitioning local and international operations of the companies we have acquired; risks associated with the attraction and retention of key personnel; potential fluctuations in quarterly results; dependence on new product development; rapid technological and market change; acquisition strategy; volatility of stock price; risks associated with chemical manufacturing and environmental regulation compliance; risks related to defective products; financial and legal risk management; and the other important factors described under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2023. We are under no obligation to, and expressly disclaim any obligation to, update or alter these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, even if subsequent events cause our views to change.

The Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations describes principal factors affecting the results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, as well as our critical accounting policies and estimates that require significant judgment and thus have the most significant potential impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. This section provides an analysis of our financial results for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, and the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Overview

We enable technologies that transform our world. We deliver foundational technology solutions to leading edge semiconductor manufacturing, electronics and packaging, and specialty industrial applications. We apply our broad science and engineering capabilities to create instruments, subsystems, systems, process control solutions and specialty chemicals technology that improve process performance, optimize productivity and enable unique innovations for many of the world's leading technology and industrial companies. Our solutions are critical to addressing the challenges of miniaturization and complexity in advanced device manufacturing by enabling increased power, speed, feature enhancement and optimized

27

connectivity. Our solutions are also critical to addressing ever-increasing performance requirements across a wide array of specialty industrial applications.

Ransomware Event

On February 3, 2023, we identified that we had become subject to a ransomware event. We took immediate action to activate our incident response and business continuity protocols to contain the incident, including engaging appropriate incident response professionals and notifying law enforcement authorities. We then initiated the recovery phase, contained the incident, and have since reopened our affected manufacturing and service operations and completed restoration of virtually all of our information technology (“IT”) systems, including our enterprise resource planning systems.

Based on our investigation, we concluded ransomware actors encrypted certain of our systems by deploying malware. This incident required us to temporarily suspend operations at certain of our facilities and had a material impact in the first quarter of 2023 on our ability to process orders, ship products and provide service to our Vacuum Solutions Division (“VSD”) and Photonics Solutions Division (“PSD”) customers. As a result of our inability to fulfill orders, we estimated the ransomware event negatively impacted our revenue in the first quarter of 2023 by approximately $160 million. We recovered approximately $120 million of the $160 million in the second quarter of 2023 as we shipped orders that were delayed during the first quarter. Please see “—Markets—Semiconductor Market,” “—Markets—Electronics and Packaging Market” and “—Markets—Specialty Industrial” for a discussion of the estimated impact of the ransomware event on our revenue by end market in the second quarter of 2023. As we have already shipped most of the orders that were delayed as a result of the ransomware event, we do not expect the ransomware event to have a material impact on our revenue in the second half of 2023. The incident did not impact the operations of our Materials Solutions Division (“MSD”).

We engaged security specialists to assist in the review, assessment and remediation of our IT controls and strengthened access requirements and unauthorized access detection. We are also implementing procedures to facilitate more timely restoration of our financial reporting systems.

As a result of the ransomware event, we incurred approximately $4 million and $7 million of net costs in the first and second quarters of 2023, respectively. These costs were primarily comprised of various third-party consulting services, including forensic experts, restoration experts, legal counsel, and other IT and accounting professional expenses, enhancements to our cybersecurity measures, costs to restore our systems and access our data, and employee-related expenses, including with respect to increased overtime. We expect to continue to incur these and other costs related to this incident in the future. As a result of the incident, we may be subject to subsequent investigations, claims or actions, in addition to other costs, fines, penalties, or other obligations related to impacted data, whether or not such data is misused. In addition, we are subject to class action lawsuits arising from this ransomware event. We are unable to predict at this time the potential timing and outcome of these claims and whether we may be subject to further private litigation or inquiries and proceedings by various government agencies, law enforcement and other governmental authorities. For additional information on the risks we face related to this incident and other cybersecurity incidents, refer to “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Cybersecurity, Data Privacy and Intellectual Property Protection” and “Risk Factors—Legal, Tax, Regulatory and Compliance Risks” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2023.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported. There have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies since December 31, 2022.

For further information about our critical accounting policies, please see the discussion of critical accounting policies in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 in the section captioned “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting — Policies and Estimates.”

Segments

VSD delivers foundational technology solutions to leading edge semiconductor manufacturing, electronics and packaging and specialty industrial applications. VSD products are derived from our core competencies in pressure measurement and control, flow measurement and control, gas and vapor delivery, gas composition analysis, electronic control technology, reactive gas generation and delivery, power generation and delivery, and vacuum technology.

PSD provides a full range of solutions including lasers, beam measurement and profiling, precision motion control, vibration isolation systems, photonics instruments, temperature sensing, opto-mechanical components, optical elements, laser-based

28

systems for flexible printed circuit board (“PCB”) processing, laser-based systems for high density interconnect PCB and package substrate manufacturing, and high-speed multi-layer ceramic capacitor testing.

MSD develops leading process and manufacturing technologies for advanced surface modification, electroless and electrolytic plating, and surface finishing. Atotech is a brand within MSD. Applying a comprehensive systems-and-solutions approach, MSD’s portfolio includes chemistry, equipment, software, and services for innovative and high-technology applications in a wide variety of end markets.

Markets

Net Revenues by End Market

	Three Months Ended										Six Months Ended
(dollars in millions)	June 30, 2023		% Total			March 31, 2023		% Total			June 30, 2023		% Total			June 30, 2022		% Total
Semiconductor	$	441		44	%	$	309		39	%	$	750		42	%	$	1,003		67	%
Electronics and Packaging		225		22	%		222		28	%		447		25	%		109		7	%
Specialty Industrial		337		34	%		263		33	%		600		33	%		395		26	%
Total net revenues	$	1,003		100	%	$	794		100	%	$	1,797		100	%	$	1,507		100	%

Semiconductor Market

MKS is a critical solutions provider for semiconductor manufacturing. Our products are used in major semiconductor processing steps, such as depositing thin films of material onto silicon wafer substrates, etching, cleaning, lithography, metrology, and inspection. The semiconductor industry continually faces new challenges, as products become smaller, more powerful and highly mobile. Ultra-thin layers, smaller critical dimensions, new materials, 3D structures, and the ongoing need for higher yield and productivity drive the need for tighter process measurement and control, all of which MKS supports. We believe we are the broadest critical subsystem provider in the wafer fabrication equipment ecosystem and address over 85% of the market. We have characterized our broad and unique offering as Surround the WaferSM to reflect the technology enablement we provide across almost every major process in semiconductor manufacturing today.

A significant portion of our sales is derived from products sold to semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers and semiconductor device manufacturers. While the semiconductor device manufacturing market is global, major semiconductor manufacturers are concentrated in China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the United States. The semiconductor industry is subject to rapid demand shifts, which are difficult to predict, and we cannot be certain as to the timing or extent of future demand or any future weakness in the semiconductor industry. Currently, we are experiencing softened demand in our semiconductor market consistent with a decline in industry-wide wafer fabrication equipment spending.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, net revenues in our semiconductor market increased by $132 million or 43%, compared to the prior quarter. We estimate the ransomware event positively impacted our semiconductor market revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2023, as we estimate we recovered approximately $90 million of approximately $110 million in delayed orders from the three months ended March 31, 2023 as a result of the ransomware event. The remaining delayed orders are expected to be substantially fulfilled in the third quarter of 2023.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, net revenues in our semiconductor market decreased $253 million, or 25% compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to softened demand for semiconductor capital equipment, partially the result of negative macroeconomic conditions.

In October 2022, the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”) published regulations that introduce new and novel restrictions related to end-uses in semiconductor, semiconductor manufacturing, supercomputer, and advanced computing, along with certain equipment used to develop and produce them (the “New BIS Rules”). The New BIS Rules restrict our direct and indirect sales to China and primarily impact our semiconductor market. As a result of the New BIS Rules, we initially expected an overall annualized reduction of net revenues in the range of $250 million to $350 million. We currently expect an annualized reduction of net revenues on the lower end of that range. While we continue to adjust our policies and practices to ensure compliance with these regulations, and we will seek to mitigate their impact, there can be no assurances that the New BIS Rules will not have an effect on our business that exceeds our expectations.

Electronics and Packaging Market

MKS is a foundational solutions provider for the electronics and packaging market. Our portfolio includes photonics components, laser drilling systems, electronics chemistries and plating equipment that are critical for the manufacturing of PCBs and package substrates, as well as in wafer level packaging (“WLP”) applications. Similar to the semiconductor

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industry, the PCB, package substrate and WLP industries demand smaller features, greater density, and better performance. We characterize our complementary offering of laser systems and chemistry solutions as Optimize the Interconnect, to reflect the unique technology enablement we provide at the Interconnect level within PCBs, package substrates and WLPs. This end market also includes our vacuum and photonics solutions for display manufacturing applications.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, net revenues in our electronics and packaging market increased by $3 million, or 1%, compared to the prior quarter. The increase was primarily related to an increase in demand for electronic components, which we report in PSD, offset by a decrease in demand for chemistry solutions and plating equipment, which we report in MSD, due to a decline in end market demand for electronics, such as personal computers and smartphones.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, net revenues in our electronics and packaging market increased by $338 million, or 310%, compared to the same period in the prior year. This increase was mainly driven by the Atotech Acquisition, partially offset by decreased demand for flexible PCB via drilling systems, as a result of softened demand for electronics, such as personal computers and smartphones. We estimate the impact of the ransomware event on our electronics and packaging market was nominal.

Specialty Industrial Market

MKS’ strategy in the specialty industrial market is to leverage our domain expertise and proprietary technologies across a broad array of applications in industrial technologies, life and health sciences, and research and defense markets.

Industrial Technologies

Industrial technologies encompass a wide range of diverse applications, including chemistries for functional coatings, surface finishing and wear resistance in the automobile industry, vacuum solutions for synthetic diamond manufacturing and photonics for solar manufacturing. Other applications include, but are not limited to, vacuum and photonics solutions for light emitting diode and laser diode manufacturing.

Life and Health Sciences

Our products for life and health sciences are used in a diverse array of applications, including bioimaging, medical instrument sterilization, medical device manufacturing, analytical, diagnostic and surgical instrumentation, consumable medical supply manufacturing and pharmaceutical production.

Research and Defense

Our products for research and defense are sold to government, university and industrial laboratories for applications involving research and development in materials science, physical chemistry, photonics, optics and electronics materials. Our products are also sold for monitoring and defense applications, including surveillance, imaging and infrastructure protection.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, net revenues in our specialty industrial market increased by $74 million, or 28%, compared to the prior quarter. We estimate the effects of the ransomware event positively impacted our specialty industrial market revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as we estimate we fulfilled approximately $30 million of the $45 million in delayed orders from the three months ended March 31, 2023 as a result of the ransomware event. Substantially all of the remaining orders that were delayed during the first quarter of 2023 are expected to be fulfilled in the second half of 2023.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, net revenues in our specialty industrial market increased by $205 million, or 52%, compared to the same period in the prior year. This increase was mainly driven by net revenues of $235 million from the Atotech Acquisition which closed in the third quarter of 2022, partially offset by decreases of $16 million at PSD and $14 million at VSD.

International Markets

A significant portion of our net revenues is from sales to customers in international markets. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, international revenues accounted for approximately 65% and 54%, respectively, of our total net revenues. The increase in the percentage of international revenues is attributable to the Atotech Acquisition. A significant portion of our international net revenues was from China, South Korea and Germany. We expect international net revenues will continue to account for a significant percentage of total net revenues for the foreseeable future.

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Long-lived assets located outside of the United States accounted for approximately 56% and 57% of our total long-lived assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Long-lived assets include property, plant and equipment, net, right-of-use assets, net and certain other assets and exclude goodwill, intangible assets and long-term tax-related accounts.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the percentage of total net revenues of certain line items included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income data:

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023			March 31, 2023			June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
Net revenues:
Products		88.2	%		89.7	%		88.9	%		87.1	%
Services		11.8			10.3			11.1			12.9
Total net revenues		100.0			100.0			100.0			100.0
Cost of revenues:
Cost of product revenues		46.9			51.4			48.9			48.9
Cost of service revenues		6.3			6.3			6.3			6.5
Total cost of revenues (exclusive of amortization shown separately below)		53.1			57.8			55.2			55.4
Gross profit		46.9			42.2			44.8			44.6
Research and development		7.5			9.0			8.2			7.0
Selling, general and administrative		17.1			22.0			19.4			12.8
Acquisition and integration costs		0.5			0.7			0.6			0.7
Restructuring and other		1.1			0.1			0.7			0.3
Amortization of intangible assets		7.6			10.3			8.7			2.0
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments		182.2			—			101.7			—
Gain on sale of long-lived assets		—			—			-			(0.5	)
(Loss) income from operations		(169.1	)		0.1			(94.5	)		22.3
Interest income		(0.4	)		(0.3	)		(0.4	)		(0.1	)
Interest expense		8.8			10.7			9.6			0.9
Other expense (income), net		1.1			(0.2	)		0.5			(0.2	)
(Loss) income before income taxes		(178.6	)		(10.2	)		(104.2	)		21.7
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		(2.2	)		(4.7	)		(3.3	)		3.6
Net (loss) income		(176.4	%)		(5.2	%)		(100.9	%)		18.1	%

Net revenues

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(dollars in millions)	June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Products	$	885	$	712	$	1,597	$	1,312
Services		118		82		200		195
Total net revenues	$	1,003	$	794	$	1,797	$	1,507

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, net product revenues increased $173 million compared to the prior quarter. This increase was primarily due to the effects of the ransomware event which resulted in a substantial portion of the unfulfilled orders from the three months ended March 31, 2023 being recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, net product revenues increased $285 million compared to the same period in the prior year. This increase was mainly driven by the Atotech Acquisition with MSD net product revenues totaled $575 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, partially offset by decreases in net product revenues of $242 million and $46 million in VSD and PSD, respectively. VSD and PSD net product revenues were negatively impacted by volume decreases as a result of softening demand in our semiconductor and electronics and packaging markets.

Net service revenues consisted mainly of fees for services related to the maintenance and repair of our products, sales of spare parts, and installation and training. For the three months ended June 30, 2023, net service revenues increased $36 million compared to the prior quarter, primarily related to increases in VSD and PSD net service revenues as a result of the ransomware event, which resulted in substantially all of the unfulfilled orders from the three months ended March 31, 2023 being recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, net service revenues increased $5 million compared to the same period in the prior year. This increase was mainly driven by the Atotech Acquisition, with MSD net services revenues totaled $27 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, partially offset by decreases in net service revenues of $17 million and $5 million in

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VSD and PSD, respectively. VSD and PSD net service revenues were negatively impacted by volume decreases as a result of softening demand in our semiconductor and electronics and packaging markets.

The following table sets forth our net revenues by reportable segment:

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(dollars in millions)	June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Net revenues:
Vacuum Solutions Division	$	426	$	293	$	720	$	981
Photonics Solutions Division		279		197		475		526
Materials Solutions Division		298		304		602		—
Total net revenues	$	1,003	$	794	$	1,797	$	1,507

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, net revenues from VSD and PSD increased $133 million and $81 million compared to the prior quarter, respectively, primarily due to the effects of the ransomware event which resulted in a substantial portion of the unfulfilled orders from the three months ended March 31, 2023 being recognized during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, net revenues from VSD decreased $261 million compared to the same period in the prior year, which was largely reflective of volume decreases in the semiconductor market.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, net revenues from PSD decreased $51 million compared to the same period in the prior year partially due to decreased industry demand for flexible PCB via drilling equipment as a result of softened demand for electronics, such as personal computers and smartphones, and partially due to decreased demand in the specialty industrial market.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, net revenues from MSD decreased $6 million compared to the prior quarter, primarily due to lower equipment sales to customers of our electronics and general metal finishing reporting units. There were no net revenues from MSD for the six months ended June 30, 2022, as MSD was established in connection with the closing of the Atotech Acquisition in the third quarter of 2022.

Gross margin

	Three Months Ended									Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023			March 31, 2023			% Points Change			June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022			% Points Change
Gross margin as a percentage of net revenues:
Products		46.9	%		42.6	%		4.3	%		45.0	%		43.8	%		1.2	%
Services		46.3	%		38.7	%		7.6	%		43.2	%		49.6	%		(6.4	)%
Total gross margin		46.9	%		42.2	%		4.7	%		44.8	%		44.6	%		0.2	%

Gross margin for our products increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the first quarter and compared to the same period in the prior year, respectively. The increase in gross margin for our products for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was mainly the result of higher revenue volumes and favorable direct labor and overhead absorption as the ransomware event negatively impacted VSD and PSD operations in the first quarter of 2023. The increase in gross margin for our products for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was primarily due to favorable product mix, including contributions from MSD, which had higher gross margins than VSD and PSD. The six months ended June 30, 2022 included no revenue from MSD, as MSD was established in connection with the closing of the Atotech Acquisition in the third quarter of 2022.

Gross margin for our services increased for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the prior quarter and decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase in gross margin for our services for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was mainly the result of higher revenue volumes and favorable direct labor and overhead absorption, as the ransomware event negatively impacted VSD and PSD operations in the first quarter of 2023. The decrease in gross margin for our services for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was primarily due to unfavorable product mix and lower overhead absorption.

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The following table sets forth gross margin as a percentage of net revenues by reportable segment:

	Three Months Ended									Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023			March 31, 2023			% Points Change			June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022			% Points Change
Gross margin as a percentage of net revenues:
Vacuum Solutions Division		45.2	%		36.7	%		8.5	%		41.7	%		43.4	%		(1.7	)%
Photonics Solutions Division		46.0	%		41.0	%		5.0	%		43.9	%		47.3	%		(3.4	)%
Materials Solutions Division		50.0	%		48.4	%		1.6	%		49.2	%		—			49.2	%
Total gross margin		46.9	%		42.2	%		4.7	%		44.9	%		44.6	%		0.3	%

Gross margin for VSD increased for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the prior quarter, primarily due to higher revenue volumes and favorable absorption and lower excess and obsolete charges. Gross margin for VSD for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was negatively impacted by the ransomware event. Gross margin for VSD decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to lower revenue volumes and unfavorable overhead absorption as a result of softening demand in our semiconductor market, offset by favorable product mix and favorable purchase price variances as material costs were higher in the first half of 2022 as a result of supply chain component shortages.

Gross margin for PSD increased for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the prior quarter, primarily due to higher revenue volumes and favorable absorption partially offset by unfavorable product mix. Gross Margin for PSD for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was negatively impacted by the ransomware event. Gross margin for PSD decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the prior year, primarily due to higher scrap and material costs and higher excess and obsolete charges.

Gross margin for MSD increased for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the prior quarter, primarily due to favorable product mix. There were no net revenues from MSD for the six months ended June 30, 2022 as MSD was established in connection with the closing of the Atotech Acquisition in the third quarter of 2022.

Research and development

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(dollars in millions)	June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Research and development	$	75	$	72	$	147	$	105

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, research and development expenses increased by $3 million, compared to the prior quarter, primarily due to increases of $2 million in compensation-related costs and $2 million in project materials, offset by a decrease of $1 million in occupancy costs. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, research and development expenses increased by $42 million, compared to the same period in the prior year, substantially from the Atotech Acquisition.

Our research and development efforts are primarily focused on developing and improving our instruments, components, chemistry, subsystems, systems and process control solutions to improve process performance and productivity. We have thousands of products, and our research and development efforts primarily consist of a large number of projects related to these products, none of which is individually material to us. Projects typically have a duration of 3 to 36 months but may be extended for development of new products.

We continue to make product advancements to meet our customers’ evolving needs. We have developed, and continue to develop, new products to address industry trends, such as the shrinking of integrated circuit critical dimensions and technology inflections, and, in the flat panel display and solar markets, the transition to larger substrate sizes, which require more advanced processing and process control technology, the continuing drive toward more complex and accurate components and devices within the handset and tablet market, the transition to 5G for both devices and infrastructure, the growth in units and via counts in the high density interconnect PCB drilling market, and the transition from internal combustion to electric vehicles. In addition, we have developed, and continue to develop, products that support the migration to new classes of materials, ultra-thin layers, and 3D structures that are used in small geometry manufacturing. In our chemistry and equipment plating businesses, a majority of our research and development investment supports existing customers' product improvement needs and their short-term research and development goals, which enables us to pioneer new high-value solutions while limiting commercial risk. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for personnel engaged in research and development, fees paid to consultants, material costs for prototypes and other expenses related to the design, development, testing and enhancement of our products.

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We believe that the continued investment in research and development and ongoing development of new products are essential to the expansion of our markets. We expect to continue to make significant investment in research and development activities. We are subject to risks from products not being developed in a timely manner, as well as from rapidly changing customer requirements and competitive threats from other companies and technologies. Our success primarily depends on our products being designed into new generations of equipment for the semiconductor, electronics and packaging, and specialty industrial markets. We develop products that are technologically advanced so that they are positioned to be chosen for use in each successive generation of semiconductor capital equipment and advanced markets applications. If our products are not chosen to be designed into our customers’ products, our net revenues may be reduced during the lifespan of those products.

Selling, general and administrative

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(dollars in millions)	June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Selling, general and administrative	$	172	$	174	$	348	$	193

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $2 million, compared to the prior quarter, primarily due to a decrease of $1 million in compensation-related costs and a decrease of $3 million in net costs incurred as a result of the ransomware event, offset by increases of $3 million in consulting and professional fees, including audit and tax fees. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, selling, general and administrative expenses increased $155 million, compared to the same period in the prior year, mainly driven by the Atotech Acquisition, as well as an increase in compensation-related costs partially offset by a decrease in bad debt expense. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, selling, general and administrative costs also included $11 million in net costs incurred as a result of the ransomware event.

Acquisition and integration costs

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(dollars in millions)	June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Acquisition and integration costs	$	5	$	6	$	11	$	10

Acquisition and integration costs incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023 and the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were primarily related to consulting and professional fees related to the Atotech Acquisition.

Restructuring

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(dollars in millions)	June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Restructuring	$	11	$	1	$	12	$	5

Restructuring charges during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and the three months ended March 31, 2023 were related to severance costs as a result of global cost saving initiatives implemented in the first and second quarters of 2023. Restructuring charges during the six months ended June 30, 2022 were primarily related to severance costs due to a global cost-saving initiative and the closure of two facilities in Europe.

Amortization of intangible assets

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(dollars in millions)	June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Amortization of intangible assets	$	76	$	81	$	157	$	30

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, amortization of intangible assets decreased by $5 million, compared to the prior quarter, primarily due to the first quarter including a write-off of $9 million of MSD in-process research and development projects that were cancelled. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, amortization of intangible assets increased $127 million, compared to the same period in the prior year, due to amortization of intangible assets of $128 million as a result of the Atotech Acquisition.

Goodwill and intangible asset impairments

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(dollars in millions)	June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments	$	1,827	$	—	$	1,827	$	—

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During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, as a result of softer industry demand, particularly in the personal computer and smartphone markets, we concluded there was a triggering event at our Electronics (“EL”) and General Metal Finishing (“GMF”) reporting units, which together constitute MSD, and the Equipment Solutions Business (“ESB”) reporting unit of PSD. We concluded there was no triggering event at our other reporting units within VSD and PSD.

For the EL, GMF and ESB reporting units, we performed a quantitative assessment of goodwill using a combination of market approach and the income approach. Fair value estimates are based on complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and rely heavily on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by our management. There are inherent uncertainties and management judgment required in these determinations.

This quantitative assessment resulted in a non-cash goodwill impairment of $826 million for the EL reporting unit, $428 million for the GMF reporting unit and $372 million for the ESB reporting unit. In addition, we recorded a $49 million impairment of in-process research and development allocated to the EL reporting unit and a $152 million impairment related to completed technology allocated to the ESB reporting unit.

We will continue to monitor and evaluate the carrying value of goodwill and intangible assets. If market and economic conditions or business performance deteriorate, the likelihood that we would record an impairment charge would increase, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

Gain on sale of long-lived assets

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(dollars in millions)	June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Gain on sale of long-lived assets	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(7	)

In the six months ended June 30, 2022, we recorded a gain from the sale of a minority interest investment in a private company.

Interest expense

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
(dollars in millions)	June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Interest expense	$	88	$	85	$	173	$	13

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, interest expense increased $3 million, compared to the prior quarter, primarily due to higher interest rates related to the outstanding borrowings on the New Term Loan Facility we entered into in connection with the Atotech Acquisition. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, interest expense increased $160 million, compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to borrowings on the New Term Loan Facility we entered into in connection with the Atotech Acquisition.

Other expense (income), net

	Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
(dollars in millions)	June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023			June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Other expense (income), net	$	11	$	(2	)	$	9	$	(3	)

Other expense (income), net, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, three months ended March 31, 2023 and six months ended June 30, 2022 consisted primarily of net foreign exchange and fair value gains and losses.

(Benefit) provision for income taxes

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
(dollars in millions)	June 30, 2023			March 31, 2023			June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
(Benefit) provision for income taxes	$	(22	)	$	(37	)	$	(59	)	$	54

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and March 31, 2023 was 1.2% and 46.6%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to the tax benefit related to the impairment of intangible assets discretely recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2023. The goodwill impairment relating to the electronics and general metal finishing reporting units of MSD and the equipment solutions reporting unit of PSD was considered non-deductible goodwill for tax purposes and therefore no tax benefit was recorded related to the goodwill impairment. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was higher than the U.S. statutory tax rate mainly due to the geographic mix of income earned by our international subsidiaries being

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taxed at higher rates than the U.S. statutory rate, offset by the U.S. foreign tax credit and the U.S. deduction for foreign derived intangible income (“FDII”).

Our effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022 was 3.2% and 16.6%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to the tax benefit related to the impairment of intangible assets. Our effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was lower than the U.S. statutory rate mainly due to the U.S. deduction for FDII and the geographic mix of income earned by our international subsidiaries being taxed at rates lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate, offset by the U.S. global intangible low-taxed income inclusion.

On a quarterly basis, we evaluate both positive and negative evidence that affects the realizability of net deferred tax assets and assess the need for a valuation allowance. The future benefit to be derived from our deferred tax assets is dependent upon our ability to generate sufficient future taxable income in each jurisdiction of the right type to realize the assets.

Our future effective tax rate depends on various factors, including the impact of tax legislation, further interpretations and guidance from U.S. federal and state governments on the impact of proposed regulations issued by the Internal Revenue Service, further interpretations and guidance from foreign governments, the geographic composition of our pre-tax income, and changes in income tax reserves for unrecognized tax benefits. We monitor these factors and timely adjust our estimates of the effective tax rate accordingly. We expect the Atotech Acquisition will continue to have an unfavorable impact on our effective tax rate as MSD operates primarily in jurisdictions with tax rates higher than the U.S. statutory tax rate. However, the geographic mix of pre-tax income can change based on multiple factors, resulting in changes to the effective tax rate in future periods. While we believe we have adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts asserted by taxing authorities could materially differ from our accrued positions as a result of uncertain and complex application of tax law and regulations. Additionally, the recognition and measurement of certain tax benefits includes estimates and requires judgment by management. Accordingly, we may record additional provisions or benefits for U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax matters in future periods as new information becomes available.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and cash equivalents and short-term marketable investments at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 totaled $758 million and $910 million, respectively. The primary driver in our current and anticipated future cash flows is, and we expect will continue to be, cash generated from operations, consisting primarily of our net (loss) income, excluding non-cash charges and changes in operating assets and liabilities. In periods when our sales are growing, higher sales to customers will result in increased trade receivables, and inventories will generally increase as we build products for future sales. This may result in lower cash generated from operations. Conversely, in periods when our sales are declining, our accounts receivable and inventory balances will generally decrease, resulting in increased cash from operations. We believe that our current cash and investments position and available borrowing capacity, together with the cash anticipated to be generated from our operations will be sufficient to satisfy our estimated working capital, planned capital expenditure requirements, payments of debt, and any future cash dividends declared by our Board of Directors or share repurchases through at least the next 12 months and the foreseeable future.

Net cash used in operating activities was $22 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, resulting from a net loss of $1,812 million, which included non-cash charges of $2,012 million, mainly the result of a $1,827 million non-cash impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, offset by a net increase in working capital of $222 million. The net increase in working capital was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable of $108 million, a decrease in income taxes payable of $56 million, a decrease of $35 million in accrued compensation, and increases in inventory of $94 million and other current and non-current assets of $11 million. This net increase in working capital was partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable of $80 million.

Net cash used in investing activities was $34 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, consisting primarily of $35 million in capital expenditures.

Net cash used in financing activities was $78 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due to $45 million of payments on our New Term Loan Facility and $29 million of dividend payments.

Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends when they are declared by our Board of Directors. During each of the first and second quarters of 2023 and 2022, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.22 per share. The cash dividends totaled $29 million and $24 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Future dividend declarations, if any, as well as the record and payment dates for such dividends, are subject to the final determination of our Board of Directors. In addition, under the New Credit Facilities as defined and described further below, we may be restricted from paying dividends under certain circumstances.

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Atotech Acquisition

On August 17, 2022, we completed the Atotech Acquisition. The total net purchase price, including cash consideration, net of cash acquired, value of MKS shares issued, repayment of Atotech debt and settlement of share-based awards totaled $5.7 billion. We funded the payment of the aggregate cash consideration with a combination of cash on hand and the proceeds from the New Term Loan Facility, as defined below. As a result of the Atotech Acquisition, we issued an aggregate of 10.7 million shares of our common stock to the former Atotech shareholders. Additional information regarding the funding of the Atotech Acquisition, the entry into the New Term Loan Facility and the New Revolving Facility and the replacement of the Prior Term Loan Facility and the Prior ABL Credit Facility, is discussed below.

In connection with the completion of the Atotech Acquisition, we entered into a credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent, Barclays Bank PLC, and the lenders from time to time party thereto (the “New Credit Agreement”). The New Credit Agreement provides for (i) a senior secured term loan facility (the “New Term Loan Facility”) comprised of three tranches: a USD 1 billion loan (the “USD Tranche A”), a USD 3.6 billion loan (the “USD Tranche B”) and a EUR 600 million loan (the “Euro Tranche B”), each of which were borrowed in full on the Effective Date, and (ii) a senior secured revolving credit facility of USD 500 million (the “New Revolving Facility” and, together with the New Term Loan Facility, the “New Credit Facilities”), with the commitments under each of the foregoing facilities subject to increase from time to time subject to certain conditions.

Borrowings under the New Credit Facilities bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at our option, any of the following, plus, in each case, an applicable margin: (a) with respect to the USD Tranche A, the USD Tranche B and the New Revolving Facility, (x) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, (2) the prime rate quoted in The Wall Street Journal, or (3) a forward-looking term rate based on the variable secured overnight financing rate (“Term SOFR”) (plus an applicable credit spread adjustment) for an interest period of one month, plus 1.00%; and (y) a Term SOFR rate (plus an applicable credit spread adjustment) for the interest period relevant to such borrowing, subject to a rate floor of (I) with respect to the USD Tranche B, 0.50% and (II) with respect to the USD Tranche A and the New Revolving Facility, 0.0%; and (b) with respect to the Euro Tranche B, a Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”) rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for Euro deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a EURIBOR rate floor of 0.0%. The USD Tranche A was issued with original issue discount of 0.25% of the principal amount thereof. The USD Tranche B and the Euro Tranche B were issued with original issue discount of 2.00% of the principal amount thereof. The applicable margin for borrowings under the USD Tranche A is 1.50% with respect to base rate borrowings and 2.50% with respect to Term SOFR borrowings. The applicable margin for borrowings under the USD Tranche B is 1.75% with respect to base rate borrowings and 2.75% with respect to Term SOFR borrowings. The applicable margin for borrowings under the Euro Tranche B is 3.00%. The applicable margin for borrowings under the New Revolving Facility is 1.50% with respect to base rate borrowings and 2.50% with respect to Term SOFR borrowings.

In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the New Credit Facilities, we are required to pay a commitment fee in respect of the unutilized commitments under the New Revolving Facility. The initial commitment fee is 0.375% per annum. Commencing with the delivery of financial statements with respect to the first quarter ending after the closing of the New Credit Agreement, the commitment fee is subject to downward adjustment based on our first lien net leverage ratio as of the end of the preceding quarter. We must also pay customary letter of credit fees and agency fees.

We incurred $242 million of deferred financing fees and original issue discount fees related to the term loans under the New Term Loan Facility, which are included in long-term debt in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the term loans using the effective interest method. A portion of the deferred financing fees and original issue discount has been accelerated in connection with the debt prepayment and extinguishment of the Prior Term Loan Facility (as defined below).

Under the New Credit Agreement, we are required to prepay outstanding term loans, subject to certain exceptions, with portions of our annual excess cash flow as well as with the net cash proceeds of certain of our asset sales, certain casualty and condemnation events and the incurrences or issuances of certain debt.

If at any time the aggregate amount of outstanding loans, unreimbursed letter of credit drawings and undrawn letters of credit under the New Revolving Facility exceeds the aggregate commitments under the New Revolving Facility, we are required to repay outstanding loans and/or cash collateralize letters of credit, with no reduction of the commitment amount.

We may voluntarily prepay outstanding loans under the New Credit Facilities from time to time, subject to certain conditions, without premium or penalty other than customary “breakage” costs with respect to Term SOFR or EURIBOR loans; provided, however, that subject to certain exceptions, if on or prior to the date that is twelve months after the closing date of the New Term Loan Facility, we prepay any loans under the USD Tranche B or the Euro Tranche B in connection with a repricing transaction, we must pay a prepayment premium of 1.00% of the aggregate principal amount of the loans so

37

prepaid. Additionally, we may voluntarily reduce the unutilized portion of the commitment amount under the New Revolving Facility.

We are required to make scheduled quarterly payments each equal to 1.25% of the original principal amount of the USD Tranche A (increasing to 1.875% in years 3 and 4 and 2.50% in year 5) and 0.25% of the original principal amount of the USD Tranche B and the Euro Tranche B, beginning with the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2022, with the balance due thereunder on the fifth anniversary of the closing date in the case of the USD Tranche A and the seventh anniversary of the closing date in the case of the USD Tranche B and the Euro Tranche B.

There is no scheduled amortization under the New Revolving Facility. Any principal amount outstanding under the New Revolving Facility is due and payable in full on the fifth anniversary of the closing date.

We incurred $7 million of costs in connection with the New Revolving Facility, which were capitalized and included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of four years. As a result of our Prior ABL Credit Facility (as defined below) being terminated concurrently with our entry into the New Revolving Facility, we wrote off an immaterial amount of previously capitalized debt issuance costs.

All obligations under the New Credit Facilities are guaranteed by certain of our wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries and are required to be guaranteed by certain of our future wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries and are secured by substantially all of our assets and the assets of such subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions.

Under the New Credit Agreement, we have the ability to incur additional incremental debt facilities in an amount up to (x) the greater of (1) $1.01 billion and (2) 75% of consolidated EBITDA, plus (y) an amount equal to the sum of all voluntary prepayments of term loans under the New Term Loan Facility, plus (z) an additional unlimited amount subject to pro forma compliance with certain leverage ratio tests (based on the security and priority of such incremental debt).

Under the USD Tranche A and the New Revolving Facility, so long as any USD Tranche A loans (or commitments in respect thereof) are outstanding as of the end of any fiscal quarter, we may not allow our total net leverage ratio as of the end of such fiscal quarter to be greater than 5.50 to 1.00, with an annual step-down of 0.25:1.00 and subject to a step-up of 0.50:1.00 for the four full fiscal quarter period following any material acquisition, not to exceed 5.50 to 1.00.

In addition, in the event there are no loans outstanding under the USD Tranche A, as of the end of any fiscal quarter of ours when the aggregate amount of loans outstanding under the New Revolving Facility (net of (a) all letters of credit (whether cash collateralized or not) and (b) unrestricted cash of ours and our restricted subsidiaries) exceeds 35% of the aggregate amount of all commitments under the New Revolving Facility in; effect as of such date, we may not allow our first lien net leverage ratio as of the end of each such fiscal quarter to be greater than 6.00 to 1.00.

The USD Tranche B and the Euro Tranche B are not subject to financial maintenance covenants.

The New Credit Agreement contains a number of negative covenants that, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, restrict our ability and each of our subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness; pay dividends on our capital stock or redeem, repurchase or retire our capital stock or our subordinated indebtedness; make investments, loans and acquisitions; create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts to us from our restricted subsidiaries or restrictions on the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to incur liens; engage in transactions with our affiliates; sell assets, including capital stock of our subsidiaries; materially alter the business it conducts; consolidate or merge; incur liens; and engage in sale-leaseback transactions.

The New Credit Agreement also contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and provisions relating to events of default. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under the New Credit Facilities will be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due under the New Credit Facilities and all actions permitted to be taken by a secured creditor. As of June 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants under the New Credit Agreement.

The proceeds of the New Term Loan Facility were used on the Effective Date, among other things, to fund a portion of the consideration payable in connection with the Atotech Acquisition and to refinance the Prior Term Loan Facility, the Prior ABL Credit Facility and certain indebtedness of Atotech. We also paid certain customary fees and expenses of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Barclays Bank PLC, BofA Securities Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. and Mizuho Bank, Ltd. in their respective capacities as lead arrangers and bookrunners in connection with the New Credit Facilities.

On the Effective Date, in connection with the entry into the New Credit Agreement described above, we terminated and prepaid the prior term loan credit facility under that certain Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2016, by and among us, Barclays Bank PLC and the other financial institutions from time to time party thereto (as amended, the “Prior Term Loan Credit Agreement” and the term loan credit facility thereunder, the “Prior Term Loan Facility”) and terminated the prior revolving credit facility under that certain ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2019, by and among the

38

us, Barclays Bank PLC and the other financial institutions from time to time party thereto (as amended, the “Prior ABL Credit Agreement” and the revolving credit facility thereunder, the “Prior ABL Credit Facility”).

As of June 30, 2023, the outstanding principal amount of the New Term Loan Facility was $5.1 billion and the weighted average interest rate was 7.7%. As of June 30, 2023, there were no borrowings under the New Revolving Facility.

Lines of Credit and Borrowing Arrangements

Certain of our Japanese subsidiaries have lines of credit and a financing facility with various financial institutions, many of which generally expire and are renewed at three-month intervals with the remaining having no expiration date. These lines of credit and financing facility provided for aggregate borrowings as of June 30, 2023 of up to an equivalent of $14 million. There were no borrowings under these arrangements at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Derivatives

We enter into derivative instruments for risk management purposes only, including derivatives designated as hedging instruments and those utilized as economic hedges. We operate internationally, and in the normal course of business, are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign exchange rates. These fluctuations can increase the costs of financing, investing and operating the business. We have used derivative instruments, such as foreign exchange forward contracts and options, to manage certain foreign currency exposure, and interest rate swaps and caps to manage interest rate exposure.

By nature, all financial instruments involve market and credit risks. We enter into derivative instruments with major investment grade financial institutions and no collateral is required. We have policies to monitor the credit risk of these counterparties. While there can be no assurance, we do not anticipate any material non-performance by any of these counterparties.

Interest Rate Agreements

We have various interest rate swap agreements as described further in Note 4 to the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements that exchange the variable Term SOFR rate to a fixed rate in order to manage the exposure to interest rate fluctuations associated with the variable Term SOFR rate paid on the outstanding balance of the New Term Loan Facility. We acquired USD London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) interest rate cap agreements as a result of the Atotech Acquisition and we utilized these agreements to offset the Term SOFR rate on our New Term Loan Facility. Effective June 30, 2023, our USD LIBOR based interest rate caps were converted to Term SOFR. We also had two USD LIBOR based swaps that were converted to Term SOFR, effective June 30, 2023. The conversions from USD LIBOR to Term SOFR did not have a material impact on our results of operations.

Contractual Obligations

There have been no changes outside the ordinary course of business to our contractual obligations as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Information concerning market risk is contained in the section entitled “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2023. As of June 30, 2023, there were no material changes in our exposure to market risk from December 31, 2022.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2023. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of June 30, 2023, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective because of the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as described below and in “Controls and Procedures” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2023.

Based on its assessment, our management concluded that a material weakness existed as of December 31, 2022 which has not been remediated as of June 30, 2023. We did not maintain sufficient information technology (“IT”) controls to prevent or detect, on a timely basis, unauthorized access to the Company’s financial reporting systems. Specifically, we did not design and maintain effective controls with regard to our financial reporting systems related to access authentication, intrusion detection and response capability, and backup and restoration such that recovery from a cybersecurity incident could be performed in a more timely manner. This material weakness did not result in a misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements previously filed or included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. However, this material weakness could result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.

Remediation Plan for Material Weakness in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have been actively addressing the identified material weakness. Some remediation measures have been completed and actions with regard to our remediation plan are ongoing and include the following:

•engaging security specialists to assist in the review, assessment and remediation of our IT controls;

•strengthening access requirements and unauthorized access detection to our financial reporting systems; and

•implementing procedures to facilitate more timely restoration of our financial reporting systems.

Though the remediation plan is subject to continual review, we expect the remediation plan described above will address the identified material weakness. The remediation plan is subject to oversight by the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors and the identified material weakness will not be considered remediated until the remediation plan has been fully implemented, the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time, and we have concluded that newly implemented controls are operating effectively.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended June 30, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

Information regarding risk factors affecting the Company’s business is discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2023.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION.

The following table describes, for the quarterly period covered by this report, each trading arrangement for the sale or purchase of Company securities adopted or terminated by our directors and officers that is either (1) a contract, instruction or written plan intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) (a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement”) or (2) a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K):

Name (Title)	Action Taken (Date of Action)	Type of Trading Arrangement	Nature of Trading Arrangement	Duration of Trading Arrangement	Aggregate Number of Securities
Gerald G. Colella (Chairman of the Board of Directors)	Adoption (May 8, 2023)	Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement	Sale	Until August 7, 2024, or such earlier date upon which all transactions are completed or expire without execution	Up to 30,000 shares

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS.

Exhibit No.	Exhibit Description
+3.1 (1)	Restated Articles of Organization of the Registrant
+3.2 (2)	Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Organization of the Registrant, as filed with the Secretary of State of Massachusetts on May 18, 2001
+3.3 (3)	Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Organization of the Registrant, as filed with the Secretary of State of Massachusetts on May 16, 2002
+3.4 (4)	Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101)

+ Previously filed

(1)Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-49738), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 13, 2000.

(2)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2001 (File No. 000-23621), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 14, 2001.

(3)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002 (File No. 000-23621), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 13, 2002.

(4)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-23621), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 6, 2014.

42

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
Date: August 4, 2023	By:	/s/ Seth H. Bagshaw
		Seth H. Bagshaw
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

43

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)/RULE 15d-14(a) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED

I, John T.C. Lee, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of MKS Instruments, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: August 4, 2023	/s/ John T.C. Lee
	John T.C. Lee President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)/RULE 15d-14(a) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED

I, Seth H. Bagshaw, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of MKS Instruments, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: August 4, 2023	/s/ Seth H. Bagshaw
	Seth H. Bagshaw Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of MKS Instruments, Inc. (the "Company") for the period ended June 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), the undersigned, John T.C. Lee, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Seth H. Bagshaw, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company, each hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, based on his knowledge:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: August 4, 2023	/s/ John T.C. Lee
	John T.C. Lee President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Dated: August 4, 2023	/s/ Seth H. Bagshaw
	Seth H. Bagshaw Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer)

XML

Cover Page - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jul. 31, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Amendment Flag	false
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Document Transition Report	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Registrant Name	MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001049502
Trading Symbol	MKSI
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		66,862,788
Entity File Number	0-23621
Entity Tax Identification Number	04-2277512
Entity Address, Address Line One	2 Tech Drive, Suite 201,
Entity Address, City or Town	Andover
Entity Address, State or Province	MA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	01810
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	MA
City Area Code	978
Local Phone Number	645-5500
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 757	$ 909
Short-term investments	1	1
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $8 and $11 at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	631	720
Inventories	1,036	977
Other current assets	303	187
Total current assets	2,728	2,794
Property, plant and equipment, net	777	800
Right-of-use assets, net	237	234
Goodwill	2,575	4,308
Intangible assets, net	2,728	3,173
Other assets	185	186
Total assets	9,230	11,495
Current liabilities:
Short-term debt	88	93
Accounts payable	314	426
Other current liabilities	433	433
Total current liabilities	835	952
Long-term debt, net	4,819	4,834
Non-current deferred taxes	628	783
Non-current accrued compensation	143	138
Non-current lease liabilities	217	215
Other non-current liabilities	93	90
Total liabilities	6,735	7,012
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 2 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding	0	0
Common stock, no par value, 200 shares authorized; 66.9 and 66.6 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	0	0
Additional paid-in capital	2,168	2,142
Retained earnings	431	2,272
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(104)	69
Total stockholders’ equity	2,495	4,483
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 9,230	$ 11,495

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 8	$ 11
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized	2,000,000	2,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value
Common stock, shares authorized	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	66,900,000	66,600,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	66,900,000	66,600,000

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Net revenues:
Net revenues	$ 1,003	$ 765	$ 1,797	$ 1,507
Cost of revenues:
Cost of revenues	533	427	991	835
Gross profit	470	338	806	672
Research and development	75	53	147	105
Selling, general and administrative	172	101	348	193
Acquisition and integration costs	5	2	11	10
Restructuring	11	3	12	5
Amortization of intangible assets	76	15	157	30
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments	1,827	0	1,827	0
Gain on sale of long-lived assets	0	0	0	(7)
(Loss) income from operations	(1,696)	164	(1,696)	336
Interest income	(4)	(1)	(7)	(1)
Interest expense	88	7	173	13
Other expense (income), net	11	2	9	(3)
(Loss) income before income taxes	(1,791)	156	(1,871)	327
(Benefit) provision for income taxes	(22)	26	(59)	54
Net (loss) income	(1,769)	130	(1,812)	273
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Changes in value of financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges	44	8	29	25
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(218)	(38)	(173)	(48)
Change in net investment hedge	2	0	(13)	0
Unrecognized loss on investments	(11)	0	(11)	0
Net unrecognized pension loss	(3)	0	(5)	0
Total comprehensive (loss) income	$ (1,955)	$ 100	$ (1,985)	$ 250
Net (loss) income per share:
Basic	$ (26.47)	$ 2.33	$ (27.14)	$ 4.90
Diluted	$ (26.47)	$ 2.32	$ (27.14)	$ 4.89
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	66.8	55.7	66.8	55.6
Diluted	66.8	55.8	66.8	55.8
Products [Member]
Net revenues:
Net revenues	$ 885	$ 664	$ 1,597	$ 1,312
Cost of revenues:
Cost of revenues	470	377	878	737
Services [Member]
Net revenues:
Net revenues	118	101	200	195
Cost of revenues:
Cost of revenues	$ 63	$ 50	$ 113	$ 98

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 2,887	$ 0	$ 907	$ 1,991	$ (11)
Beginning Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2021		55.5
Net issuance under stock-based plans	(6)		(6)
Net issuance under stock-based plans, Shares		0.1
Stock-based compensation	8		8
Cash dividend	(12)			(12)
Comprehensive (loss) income (net of tax):
Net (loss) Income	143			143
Other comprehensive income (loss)	7				7
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	3,027	$ 0	909	2,122	(4)
Ending Balance, Shares at Mar. 31, 2022		55.6
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	2,887	$ 0	907	1,991	(11)
Beginning Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2021		55.5
Comprehensive (loss) income (net of tax):
Net (loss) Income	273
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	3,129	$ 0	923	2,240	(34)
Ending Balance, Shares at Jun. 30, 2022		55.7
Beginning Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	3,027	$ 0	909	2,122	(4)
Beginning Balance, Shares at Mar. 31, 2022		55.6
Net issuance under stock-based plans	1		1
Net issuance under stock-based plans, Shares		0.1
Stock-based compensation	13		13
Cash dividend	(12)			(12)
Comprehensive (loss) income (net of tax):
Net (loss) Income	130			130
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(30)				(30)
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	3,129	$ 0	923	2,240	(34)
Ending Balance, Shares at Jun. 30, 2022		55.7
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	4,483	$ 0	2,142	2,272	69
Beginning Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2022		66.6
Net issuance under stock-based plans	(6)		(6)
Net issuance under stock-based plans, Shares		0.1
Stock-based compensation	18		18
Cash dividend	(15)			(15)
Comprehensive (loss) income (net of tax):
Net (loss) Income	(42)			(42)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	13				13
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	4,451	$ 0	2,154	2,215	82
Ending Balance, Shares at Mar. 31, 2023		66.7
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	4,483	$ 0	2,142	2,272	69
Beginning Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2022		66.6
Comprehensive (loss) income (net of tax):
Net (loss) Income	(1,812)
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	2,495	$ 0	2,168	431	(104)
Ending Balance, Shares at Jun. 30, 2023		66.9
Beginning Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	4,451	$ 0	2,154	2,215	82
Beginning Balance, Shares at Mar. 31, 2023		66.7
Net issuance under stock-based plans	1		1
Net issuance under stock-based plans, Shares		0.2
Stock-based compensation	13		13
Cash dividend	(15)			(15)
Comprehensive (loss) income (net of tax):
Net (loss) Income	(1,769)			(1,769)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(186)				(186)
Ending Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 2,495	$ 0	$ 2,168	$ 431	$ (104)
Ending Balance, Shares at Jun. 30, 2023		66.9

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Cash dividend, per common share	$ 0.22	$ 0.22	$ 0.22	$ 0.22

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$ (1,812)	$ 273
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	208	56
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments	1,827	0
Unrealized loss on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	20	7
Amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount	15	0
Gain on sale of long-lived assets	0	(7)
Stock-based compensation	31	21
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory	30	7
Deferred income taxes	(120)	(2)
Other	1	2
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	80	(53)
Inventories	(94)	(133)
Other current and non-current assets	(11)	5
Accounts payable	(108)	15
Accrued compensation	(35)	(49)
Income taxes payable	(56)	(11)
Other current and non-current liabilities	2	15
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(22)	146
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of investments	0	(1)
Maturities of investments	0	76
Proceeds from sale of long-lived assets	1	7
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(35)	(83)
Net cash used in investing activities	(34)	(1)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings	1	6
Payments of borrowings	(45)	(8)
Dividend payments	(29)	(24)
Net payments related to employee stock awards	(5)	(5)
Net cash used in financing activities	(78)	(31)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(18)	(15)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(152)	99
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	909	966
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 757	$ 1,065

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Insider Trading Arrangements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

shares

Insider Trading Arr [Line Items]

Material Terms of Trading Arrangement

The following table describes, for the quarterly period covered by this report, each trading arrangement for the sale or purchase of Company securities adopted or terminated by our directors and officers that is either (1) a contract, instruction or written plan intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) (a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement”) or (2) a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K):

Name (Title)	Action Taken (Date of Action)	Type of Trading Arrangement	Nature of Trading Arrangement	Duration of Trading Arrangement	Aggregate Number of Securities
Gerald G. Colella (Chairman of the Board of Directors)	Adoption (May 8, 2023)	Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement	Sale	Until August 7, 2024, or such earlier date upon which all transactions are completed or expire without execution	Up to 30,000 shares

Adoption Date

May 8, 2023

Name

Gerald G. Colella

Title

Chairman of the Board of Directors

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

Nature of Trading Arrangement

Sale

Duration of Trading Arrangement

Until August 7, 2024, or such earlier date upon which all transactions are completed or expire without execution

Aggregate Available

30,000

XML

Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

(1)Basis of Presentation

The terms “MKS” and the “Company” refer to MKS Instruments, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The interim financial data as of June 30, 2023, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, are unaudited; however, in the opinion of MKS, the interim data includes all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods. The condensed consolidated balance sheet presented as of December 31, 2022 has been derived from the consolidated audited financial statements as of that date. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and do not include all of the information and note disclosures required by United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the MKS Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 14, 2023.

The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, inventory valuation, warranty costs, stock-based compensation, intangible assets, goodwill, other long-lived assets and income taxes. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. As a result of rounding, there may be immaterial differences in amounts presented and certain calculations may not sum to the total number expressed in each category or tie to a corresponding schedule.

In the first and second quarters of 2022, MKS was comprised of the following three divisions: the Vacuum Solutions Division (“VSD”), the Photonics Solutions Division (“PSD”) and the Equipment Solutions Division (“ESD”). During the third quarter of 2022, MKS consolidated ESD into PSD and prior periods were recast to reflect this change. On August 17, 2022, MKS acquired Atotech Limited (“Atotech” and such transaction, the “Atotech Acquisition”) and the Atotech business became MKS’ new Materials Solutions Division (“MSD”). MKS’ reportable segments as of June 30, 2023 consist of its three divisions, VSD, PSD and MSD.

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

(2)Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Contract assets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $49 and $46, respectively. A roll-forward of the Company’s deferred revenue and customer advances is as follows:

	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
Beginning balance, January 1(1)	$	96		$	40
Additions to deferred revenue and customer advances		84			91
Amount of deferred revenue and customer advances recognized in income		(93	)		(78	)
Ending balance, June 30(2)	$	87		$	53

(1)Beginning balance as of January 1, 2023 included $94 of current deferred revenue and customer advances, and $2 of non-current deferred revenue. Beginning balance as of January 1, 2022 included $37 of current deferred revenue and customer advances, and $3 of non-current deferred revenue.

(2)Ending balance as of June 30, 2023 included $85 of current deferred revenue and customer advances, and $2 of non-current deferred revenue. Ending balance as of June 30, 2022 included $51 of current deferred revenue and customer advances, and $2 of non-current deferred revenue.

Revenue from certain custom products, including MSD plating equipment, and revenue from certain service contracts are recorded over time. Remaining product and services revenues are recorded at a point in time.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables summarize revenue from contracts with customers:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
	VSD		PSD		MSD		Total
Net revenues:
Products	$	365	$	236	$	284	$	885
Services		61		43		14		118
Total net revenues	$	426	$	279	$	298	$	1,003

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	VSD		PSD		MSD		Total
Net revenues:
Products	$	445	$	219	$	—	$	664
Services		62		39		—		101
Total net revenues	$	507	$	258	$	—	$	765

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	VSD		PSD		MSD		Total
Net revenues:
Products	$	617	$	405	$	575	$	1,597
Services		103		70		27		200
Total net revenues	$	720	$	475	$	602	$	1,797

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	VSD		PSD		MSD		Total
Net revenues:
Products	$	861	$	451	$	—	$	1,312
Services		120		75		—		195
Total net revenues	$	981	$	526	$	—	$	1,507

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Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

(3)Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with the provisions of fair value accounting, a fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability and defines fair value based upon an exit price model.

The fair value measurement guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments or securities or derivative contracts that are valued using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the Company categorizes such assets and liabilities based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

Assets and liabilities of the Company are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023 and are summarized as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Description	June 30, 2023		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	116	$	116	$	—	$	—
Available-for-sale securities:
Time deposits and certificates of deposit		1		—		1		—
Group insurance contracts		6		—		6		—
Derivatives
Foreign exchange forward contracts		7		—		7		—
Interest rate hedges - non-current		106		—		106		—
Pension and deferred compensation plan assets		19		—		19		—
Total assets	$	255	$	116	$	139	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivatives
Foreign exchange forward contracts	$	2	$	—	$	2	$	—
Total liabilities	$	2	$	—	$	2	$	—
Reported as follows:
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	116	$	116	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments		1		—		1		—
Other current assets		7		—		7		—
Total current assets	$	124	$	116	$	8	$	—
Other assets	$	131	$	—	$	131	$	—
Liabilities:
Other current liabilities	$	2	$	—	$	2	$	—

Assets and liabilities of the Company are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 and are summarized as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Description	December 31, 2022		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	60	$	60	$	—	$	—
Available-for-sale securities:
Time deposits and certificates of deposit		1		—		1		—
Group insurance contracts		6		—		6		—
Derivatives
Foreign exchange forward contracts		7		—		7		—
Interest rate hedges-non-current		104		—		104		—
Pension and deferred compensation plan assets		17		—		17		—
Total assets	$	195	$	60	$	135	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivatives
Foreign exchange forward contracts	$	8	$	—	$	8	$	—
Total liabilities	$	8	$	—	$	8	$	—
Reported as follows:
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	60	$	60	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments		1		—		1		—
Other current assets		8		—		8		—
Total current assets	$	69	$	60	$	9	$	—
Other assets	$	126	$	—	$	126	$	—
Liabilities:
Other current liabilities	$	8	$	—	$	8	$	—

Other Fair Value Disclosures

The estimated carrying value and fair value of the Company’s debt as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Outstanding debt	$	5,086	$	5,073	$	5,122	$	5,071

The estimated carrying value and fair value of the Company’s debt was determined using available market information based on recent trades or activity of debt instruments with substantially similar risks, terms and maturities, which fall within Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy.

Pension and Deferred Compensation Plan Assets

The pension and deferred compensation plan assets represent investments in mutual funds, exchange traded funds, government securities and other time deposits. These investments are set aside for retirement benefits of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries.

Derivatives

As a result of the Company’s global operating activities and variable interest rate borrowings, the Company is exposed to market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, which may adversely affect its operating results and financial position. When deemed appropriate, the Company minimizes its risks from foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations through the use of derivative financial instruments. The principal market in which the Company executes its foreign currency and interest rate contracts is the institutional market in an over-the-counter

environment with a relatively high level of price transparency. The market participants are typically large commercial banks. The contracts are valued using broker quotations or market transactions.

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Derivatives

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivatives

(4)Derivatives

Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts

The Company hedges a portion of its forecasted foreign currency-denominated intercompany sales of inventory, over a maximum period of eighteen months, using foreign exchange forward contracts accounted for as cash-flow hedges. To the extent these derivatives are effective in offsetting the variability of the hedged cash flows, and otherwise meet the hedge accounting criteria, changes in the derivatives’ fair value are not included in current earnings but are included in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) in stockholders’ equity. These changes in fair value will subsequently be reclassified into earnings, as applicable, when the forecasted transaction occurs. To the extent that a previously designated hedging transaction is no longer an effective hedge, any ineffectiveness measured in the hedging relationship is recorded in earnings in the period it occurs. The cash flows resulting from foreign exchange forward contracts are classified in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows as part of cash flows from operating activities. The Company does not enter into derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

The Company also enters into foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge against changes in the balance sheet for certain subsidiaries to mitigate the risk associated with certain foreign currency transactions in the ordinary course of business. These derivatives are not designated as cash flow hedging instruments and gains or losses from these derivatives are recorded immediately in other expense (income), net.

The following tables summarize the primary net hedging positions and fair values of foreign exchange forward contracts outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	June 30, 2023
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell)	Net Notional Value		Fair Value Asset
U.S. dollar/Japanese yen	$	28	$	4
U.S. dollar/South Korean won		27		—
U.S. dollar/Taiwan dollar		31		1
U.S. dollar/Singapore dollar		1		—
U.S. dollar/Chinese renminbi		11		—
Euro/U.S. dollar		52		—
Euro/Chinese renminbi		36		—
Euro/Turkish lira		1		—
U.K. pound sterling/U.S. dollar		24		—
Total	$	211	$	5

	December 31, 2022
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell)	Net Notional Value		Fair Value (Liability) Asset
U.S. dollar/Japanese yen	$	57	$	—
U.S. dollar/South Korean won		75		(4	)
U.S. dollar/Taiwan dollar		33		1
U.S. dollar/U.K. pound sterling		7		—
U.S. dollar/Singapore dollar		1		—
U.S. dollar/Chinese renminbi		9		—
Euro/U.S. dollar		485		1
Euro/Chinese renminbi		31		1
U.K. pound sterling/euro		4		—
Total	$	702	$	(1	)

The following table summarizes the net (losses) gains on derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments:

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022		2023			2022
Foreign exchange forward contracts:
Net gains (losses) recognized in accumulated OCI	$	2		$	8	$	(13	)	$	26
Net (losses) gains reclassified from accumulated OCI into income	$	(1	)	$	3	$	(2	)	$	4

The net amount of existing losses as of June 30, 2023 expected to be reclassified from OCI into earnings within the next 12 months is immaterial.

Net Investment Hedge

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company designated a euro net investment hedge to offset the foreign exchange exposure of the Euro Tranche B, as defined and described further in Note 8. As a result, any mark-to-market foreign exchange impact of the Euro Tranche B is recorded in OCI.

Interest Rate Agreements

The Company has various interest rate swap agreements that exchange a forward-looking term rate based on the variable secured overnight financing rate (“Term SOFR”) paid on the outstanding balance of its New Term Loan Facility, as defined and further described in Note 8, to a fixed rate. The Company acquired USD London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) interest rate cap agreements as a result of the Atotech Acquisition and had utilized these agreements to offset Term SOFR on its New Term Loan Facility. Effective June 30, 2023, the Company’s USD LIBOR based interest rate caps were converted to Term SOFR. The Company also had two USD LIBOR based swaps that were converted to Term SOFR, effective June 30, 2023. The conversions from USD LIBOR to Term SOFR did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations.

The following table summarizes the terms and fair values of interest rate swaps and interest rate caps outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

									June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Effective Date	Maturity	Fixed Rate			Notional Amount at Effective Date		Notional Amount at June 30, 2023		Fair Value Asset		Fair Value Asset
Interest Rate Swaps
April 5, 2019	March 31, 2023		2.309	%	$	300	$	—	$	—	$	1
June 30, 2023	February 28, 2025		0.391	%		200		200		15		16
June 30, 2023	February 28, 2025		0.543	%		300		300		21		22
September 30, 2022	September 30, 2026		3.156	%		350		350		12		8
January 2, 2024	January 31, 2028		2.841	%		250		—		8		5
September 30, 2022	September 30, 2027		3.198	%		350		350		11		8
January 2, 2024	January 31, 2029		2.986	%		250		—		7		4
September 30, 2022	September 30, 2026		3.358	%		600		600		14		10
						2,600		1,800		88		74
Interest Rate Caps
June 30, 2023	January 31, 2024		0.805	%		350		350		9		15
June 30, 2023	January 31, 2024		0.805	%		350		350		9		15
						700		700		18		30
		Total			$	3,300	$	2,500	$	106	$	104

The interest rate swaps are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet and changes in the fair value are recognized in OCI. To the extent these arrangements are no longer effective hedges, the hedging relationship will be discontinued and changes in the fair value of the hedging instruments from the last assessment period that were effective up to the current period will be recorded immediately in earnings. Amounts previously recorded in OCI will remain in OCI and will be reclassified to earnings when the interest payments impact consolidated earnings. If the Company determines that the interest payments are unlikely to occur, amounts previously recorded in OCI will be reclassified to earnings immediately. Changes in the fair value of interest rate caps are recorded immediately in earnings, as the Company has not designated these instruments as hedges and therefore these instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting.

The following table summarizes the gains on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, consisting of balance sheet hedges and interest rate caps:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net gains recognized in income	$	6	$	1	$	16	$	7

Currency Option Agreements

In connection with financing the Atotech Acquisition, the Company issued euro denominated term loan debt. In anticipation of entering into these euro denominated loans, the Company purchased foreign currency option contracts in 2021 to fix the conversion of 300 euros into U.S. dollars. The options settled on January 31, 2022 and the Company recorded a gain of $5, net of premiums in 2022, which is included in other expense (income), net.

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Inventories

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

(5)Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials	$	755	$	689
Work-in-process		109		115
Finished goods		172		173
Total	$	1,036	$	977

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Acquisition

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Acquisition

(6)Acquisition

On August 17, 2022 (the “Effective Date”), the Company completed the Atotech Acquisition, through the acquisition of the entire issued share capital of Atotech by Atotech Manufacturing, Inc. (“Bidco”), a Delaware corporation and indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The Atotech Acquisition was implemented by means of a scheme of arrangement under the laws of Jersey (the “Scheme”) pursuant to the definitive agreement entered into by the Company and Atotech on July 1, 2021, as amended by the Letter Agreement dated October 29, 2021 by and among the Company, Atotech and Bidco, and as further amended by the Amendment to the Implementation Agreement dated April 1, 2022 by and among the Company, Atotech and Bidco (together, the “Implementation Agreement”).

Atotech, which the Company operates as MSD, develops leading process and manufacturing technologies for advanced surface modification, electroless and electrolytic plating, and surface finishing. Applying a comprehensive systems-and-solutions approach, Atotech’s portfolio includes chemistry, equipment, software, and services for innovative and high-technology applications in a wide variety of end markets. Atotech further broadens the Company’s capabilities by bringing leadership in critical chemistry solutions for electronics and packaging and specialty industrial applications.

On the Effective Date, pursuant to the Scheme and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Implementation Agreement, Bidco acquired each issued and outstanding ordinary share of Atotech in exchange for per share consideration of $16.20 in cash and 0.0552 of a share of Company common stock. The Company funded the payment of the aggregate cash consideration with a combination of cash on hand and the proceeds from the New Term Loan Facility, as defined in Note 8.

As a result of the Atotech Acquisition, the Company issued an aggregate of 10.7 shares of Company common stock to the former Atotech shareholders.

The purchase price of Atotech consisted of the following:

Cash consideration to Atotech stockholders, net	$	2,886
Value of MKS shares issued		1,186
Repayment of Atotech senior secured term loans		1,545
Settlement of accelerated Atotech share-based awards		47
Total purchase price, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired	$	5,664

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price was allocated to the estimated acquired tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities of Atotech based on their fair values as of the Effective Date, except for contract assets and liabilities, which remain at book value in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606. Any excess of the acquisition consideration over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed was allocated to goodwill and none of this goodwill or intangible assets will be deductible for tax purposes. The Company believes the amount of goodwill relative to identifiable intangible assets relates to several factors, including (1) broadening its position in key electronics and industrial markets to offer complementary solutions, and (2) leveraging component and systems expertise to provide robust solutions to meet its customers’ evolving technology needs.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price to the preliminary fair values assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Effective Date:

Cash and cash equivalents	$	238
Accounts receivable		283
Inventories		244
Other current assets		104
Property, plant and equipment		381
Intangible assets		2,726
Goodwill		3,064
Other assets		131
Total assets acquired		7,171
Accounts payable		194
Other current liabilities		166
Non-current deferred taxes		729
Non-current accrued compensation		99
Other non-current liabilities		81
Total liabilities assumed		1,269
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed		5,902
Less: Cash and cash equivalents acquired		(238	)
Total purchase price, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired	$	5,664

The allocation of purchase consideration to the estimated acquired tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities of Atotech is preliminary and subject to change during the measurement period. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process to value the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the Effective Date, its estimates and assumptions are subject to refinement. The fair value of the acquired intangible assets was determined using the income approach. In performing these valuations, the key underlying assumptions used included the appropriate discount rates as well as forecasted revenue growth rates, gross profit and operating expenses. Fair value estimates are based on a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and rely heavily on estimates and assumptions. The judgments used to determine the estimated fair value assigned to each class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as asset lives, can materially impact the Company’s results of operations. The finalization of the purchase accounting assessment may result in a change in the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and may have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations and financial position. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the Effective Date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with a corresponding offset to goodwill to reflect additional information received about facts and circumstances which existed at the Effective Date. The Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed subsequent to the purchase price allocation period in the Company’s operating results in the period in which the adjustments are determined.

The preliminary valuations were based on the information that was available through the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that existed as of the Effective Date and the expectations and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by the Company’s management. The size and breadth of the Atotech Acquisition will necessitate the use of this one-year measurement period to adequately analyze and assess a number of the factors used in establishing the fair value of certain tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the Effective Date and the related tax impacts of any changes made. The Company is still evaluating the legal entity allocation and related tax impacts of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Any potential adjustments made could be material in relation to the preliminary values presented.

The following table reflects the preliminary allocation of the acquired intangible assets and related estimate of useful lives at the Effective Date:

Customer relationships	$	1,756	11-14 years
Completed technology		595	8-9 years
Trade names		145	16 years
Backlog		40	1.5 years
In-process research and development		190
	$	2,726

The acquired intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the economic use of the assets over their estimated useful lives. Upon completion of the related projects, we expect the in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) intangible asset to be amortized over its estimated useful life of eight to nine years.

Pro Forma Results

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of the Company as if the Atotech Acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2021. The unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations actually would have been had the acquisition occurred on the assumed date. In addition, the unaudited pro forma financial information does not attempt to project the future results of operations of the combined Company.

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2022		June 30, 2022
Total net revenues	$	1,123	$	2,223
Net income	$	69	$	174

The unaudited pro forma information above give effect primarily to the following:

•applying the Company’s accounting policies;

•incremental interest expense related to the New Term Loan Facility;

•incremental amortization of acquired intangible assets related to the estimated fair value from the purchase price allocation;

•incremental depreciation of acquired property, plant and equipment related to the estimated fair value from the purchase price allocation;

•incremental compensation expense for share-based compensation arrangements; and

•the estimated tax impact of the above adjustments.

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

(7)Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The Company’s methodology for allocating the purchase price of an acquisition is determined through established and generally accepted valuation techniques. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the cost of the acquisition over the sum of the amounts assigned to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired less liabilities assumed. The Company assigns assets acquired (including goodwill) and liabilities assumed to one or more reporting units as of the date of acquisition. If the

products obtained in an acquisition are assigned to multiple reporting units, the goodwill is distributed to the respective reporting units as part of the purchase price allocation process.

Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are reviewed for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. To measure impairment, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying amount, which includes goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit, no impairment exists. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value of the reporting unit, a goodwill impairment is recorded.

Amortizable intangible assets and other long-lived assets are also subject to an impairment test if there is an indicator of impairment. When the Company determines that the carrying value of intangible assets or other long-lived assets may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more indicators of impairment, the Company uses the projected undiscounted cash flow method to determine whether an impairment exists, and then measures the impairment using discounted cash flows.

The process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets requires significant judgment. The Company regularly monitors current business conditions and other factors, including, but not limited to, adverse industry or economic trends, restructuring actions and lower projections of profitability that may impact future operating results.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, the Company noted softer industry demand, particularly in the personal computer and smartphone markets, and concluded there was a triggering event at each of its electronics and general metal finishing reporting units, which together constitute MSD, and the equipment solutions reporting unit of PSD. For MSD, the Company concluded information on the softening of industry demand as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q did not exist as of the Effective Date.

For each of the three reporting units, the Company performed a quantitative assessment of goodwill using an equal weighting of the income approach and market approach. The income approach was based upon projected future cash flows that were discounted to present value and an assumed terminal growth rate. The key underlying assumptions included forecasted revenues, which incorporated external market data, gross profit and operating expenses, as well as an applicable discount rate for each reporting unit. The market approach for each of the three reporting units incorporated observed multiples of guideline public companies. The market approach for the electronics and general metal finishing reporting units also incorporated multiples from guideline transactions.

Fair value estimates are based on complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and rely heavily on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by the Company's management. There are inherent uncertainties and management judgment required in these determinations.

This quantitative assessment resulted in the following:

Reporting Unit	Goodwill Impairment	Remaining Goodwill
Electronics	$826	$1,420
General Metal Finishing	428	307
Equipment Solutions	372	100

In addition, the Company used an income approach to determine the fair value of the long-lived and indefinite lived intangible assets within these reporting units (Level 3 within the fair value hierachy). These valuations resulted in a $20 fair value and $152 impairment of completed technology within the equipment solutions reporting unit and a $72 fair value and $49 impairment of IPR&D within the electronics reporting unit. After evaluating forecast updates and carrying values, the Company did not identify impairments at any other of its reporting units.

For the completed technology valuation within the equipment solutions division, the forecasted future undiscounted cash flows were consistent with the Company’s goodwill analysis, using an approximate 7 year useful life, an 8% weighted-average forecasted revenue growth rate, and a discount rate of 13.5%. For the IPR&D intangible asset within the electronics reporting unit, the forecasted undiscounted future cash flows utilized were consistent with the Company’s goodwill analysis, with estimated time to complete in-process projects of up to 2 years, and a discount rate of 12.5%.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and accumulated impairment loss during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were as follows:

	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Impairment Loss			Net
Beginning balance, January 1	$	4,454		$	(146	)	$	4,308
Impairment charge		—			(1,626	)		(1,626	)
Foreign currency translation		(107	)		—			(107	)
Ending balance, June 30	$	4,347		$	(1,772	)	$	2,575

Intangible Assets

The Company’s intangible assets are comprised of the following:

As of June 30, 2023:	Gross		Accumulated Impairment Charges			Accumulated Amortization			Foreign Currency Translation			Net
Completed technology	$	1,212	$	(152	)	$	(356	)	$	(17	)	$	687
Customer relationships		2,072		(1	)		(264	)		(45	)		1,762
Patents, trademarks, trade names and other		437		(49	)		(101	)		(8	)		279
	$	3,721	$	(202	)	$	(721	)	$	(70	)	$	2,728

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, $61 of IPR&D included within patents, trademarks, trade names, and other was reclassified into completed technology. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, $9 of IPR&D was written off to amortization expense as certain projects were cancelled.

As of December 31, 2022:	Gross		Accumulated Impairment Charges			Accumulated Amortization Charges			Foreign Currency Translation		Net
Completed technology	$	1,151	$	—		$	(303	)	$	4	$	852
Customer relationships		2,072		(1	)		(190	)		11		1,892
Patents, trademarks, trade names and other		498		—			(71	)		2		429
	$	3,721	$	(1	)	$	(564	)	$	17	$	3,173

Aggregate amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $157 and $30, respectively. The increase in amortization of intangible assets was a result of increased amortization related to acquired intangible assets from the Atotech Acquisition. Aggregate net amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets for future years is as follows:

Year	Amount
2023 (remaining)	$	128
2024		226
2025		225
2026		222
2027		220
2028		220
Thereafter		1,364

The Company excluded from the above table intangible assets of $56 of indefinite-lived trademarks and trade names, and $67 of IPR&D, which were not subject to amortization.

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Debt

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

(8)Debt

The Company’s outstanding debt is as follows:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Short-term debt:
New Term Loan Facility	$	88	$	93
Long-term debt, net:
New Term Loan Facility	$	4,819	$	4,834

Long-term debt is net of deferred financing fees, original issuance discount and repricing fees in the aggregate amount of $179 and $195 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

New Credit Facilities

In connection with the completion of the Atotech Acquisition, the Company entered into a credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent, Barclays Bank PLC, and the lenders from time to time party thereto (the “New Credit Agreement”). The New Credit Agreement provides for (i) a senior secured term loan facility (the “New Term Loan Facility”) comprised of three tranches: a USD 1,000 loan (the “USD Tranche A”), a USD 3,600 loan (the “USD Tranche B”) and a EUR 600 loan (the “Euro Tranche B”), each of which were borrowed in full on the Effective Date, and (ii) a senior secured revolving credit facility of USD 500 (the “New Revolving Facility” and, together with the New Term Loan Facility, the “New Credit Facilities”), with the commitments under each of the foregoing facilities subject to increase from time to time subject to certain conditions.

Borrowings under the New Credit Facilities bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s option, any of the following, plus, in each case, an applicable margin: (a) with respect to the USD Tranche A, the USD Tranche B and the New Revolving Facility, (x) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, (2) the prime rate quoted in The Wall Street Journal, or (3) a forward-looking term rate based on Term SOFR (plus an applicable credit spread adjustment) for an interest period of one month, plus 1.00%; and (y) a Term SOFR rate (plus an applicable credit spread adjustment) for the interest period relevant to such borrowing, subject to a rate floor of (I) with respect to the USD Tranche B, 0.50% and (II) with respect to the USD Tranche A and the New Revolving Facility, 0.0%; and (b) with respect to the Euro Tranche B, a Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”) rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for Euro deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a EURIBOR rate floor of 0.0%. The USD Tranche A was issued with original issue discount of 0.25% of the principal amount thereof. The USD Tranche B and the Euro Tranche B were issued with original issue discount of 2.00% of the principal amount thereof. The applicable margin for borrowings under the USD Tranche A is 1.50% with respect to base rate borrowings and 2.50% with respect to Term SOFR borrowings. The applicable margin for borrowings under the USD Tranche B is 1.75% with respect to base rate borrowings and 2.75% with respect to Term SOFR borrowings. The applicable margin for borrowings under the Euro Tranche B is 3.00%. The applicable margin for borrowings under the New Revolving Facility is 1.50% with respect to base rate borrowings and 2.50% with respect to Term SOFR borrowings.

In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the New Credit Facilities, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee in respect of the unutilized commitments under the New Revolving Facility. The initial commitment fee is 0.375% per annum. Commencing with the delivery of financial statements with respect to the first quarter ending after the closing of the New Credit Agreement, the commitment fee is subject to downward adjustment based on the Company’s first lien net leverage ratio as of the end of the preceding quarter. The Company must also pay customary letter of credit fees and agency fees.

The Company incurred $242 of deferred financing fees and original issue discount related to the term loans under the New Term Loan Facility, which are included in long-term debt, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the term loans using the effective interest method. A portion of the deferred financing fees and original issue discount was accelerated in connection with the debt prepayment and extinguishment of the Prior Term Loan Facility (as defined below).

Under the New Credit Agreement, the Company is required to prepay outstanding term loans, subject to certain exceptions, with portions of its annual excess cash flow as well as with the net cash proceeds of certain of its asset sales, certain casualty and condemnation events and the incurrences or issuances of certain debt.

If at any time the aggregate amount of outstanding loans, unreimbursed letter of credit drawings and undrawn letters of credit under the New Revolving Facility exceeds the aggregate commitments under the New Revolving Facility, the Company is required to repay outstanding loans and/or cash collateralize letters of credit, with no reduction of the commitment amount.

The Company may voluntarily prepay outstanding loans under the New Credit Facilities from time to time, subject to certain conditions, without premium or penalty other than customary “breakage” costs with respect to Term SOFR or EURIBOR loans; provided, however, that subject to certain exceptions, if on or prior to the date that is twelve months after the closing date of the New Term Loan Facility, the Company prepays any loans under the USD Tranche B or the Euro Tranche B in connection with a repricing transaction, the Company must pay a prepayment premium of 1.00% of the aggregate principal amount of the loans so prepaid. Additionally, the Company may voluntarily reduce the unutilized portion of the commitment amount under the New Revolving Facility.

The Company is required to make scheduled quarterly payments each equal to 1.25% of the original principal amount of the USD Tranche A (increasing to 1.875% in years 3 and 4 and 2.50% in year 5) and 0.25% of the original principal amount of the USD Tranche B and the Euro Tranche B, beginning with the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022, with the balance due thereunder on the fifth anniversary of the closing date in the case of the USD Tranche A and the seventh anniversary of the closing date in the case of the USD Tranche B and the Euro Tranche B.

There is no scheduled amortization under the New Revolving Facility. Any principal amount outstanding under the New Revolving Facility is due and payable in full on the fifth anniversary of the closing date.

The Company incurred $7 of costs in connection with the New Revolving Facility, which were capitalized and included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet and are being amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of four years. As a result of the termination of the Prior ABL Credit Facility (as defined below) concurrently with the Company’s entry into the New Revolving Facility, the Company wrote off an immaterial amount of previously capitalized debt issuance costs.

All obligations under the New Credit Facilities are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries and are required to be guaranteed by certain of the Company’s future wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries, and are secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets and the assets of such subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions.

Under the New Credit Agreement, the Company has the ability to incur additional incremental debt facilities in an amount up to (x) the greater of (1) $1,011 and (2) 75% of consolidated EBITDA, plus (y) an amount equal to the sum of all voluntary prepayments of term loans under the New Term Loan Facility, plus (z) an additional unlimited amount subject to pro forma compliance with certain leverage ratio tests (based on the security and priority of such incremental debt).

Under the USD Tranche A and the New Revolving Facility, so long as any USD Tranche A loans (or commitments in respect thereof) are outstanding as of the end of any fiscal quarter, the Company may not allow its total net leverage ratio as of the end of such fiscal quarter to be greater than 5.50 to 1.00, with an annual step-down of 0.25:1.00 and subject to a step-up of 0.50:1.00 for the four full fiscal quarter period following any material acquisition, not to exceed 5.50 to 1.00.

In addition, in the event there are no loans outstanding under the USD Tranche A, as of the end of any fiscal quarter of the Company when the aggregate amount of loans outstanding under the New Revolving Facility (net of (a) all letters of credit (whether cash collateralized or not) and (b) unrestricted cash of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries) exceeds 35% of the aggregate amount of all commitments under the New Revolving Facility in effect as of such date, the Company may not allow its first lien net leverage ratio as of the end of each such fiscal quarter to be greater than 6.00 to 1.00.

The USD Tranche B and the Euro Tranche B are not subject to financial maintenance covenants.

The New Credit Agreement contains a number of negative covenants that, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, restrict the ability of the Company and each of its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness; pay dividends on its capital stock or redeem, repurchase or retire its capital stock or its subordinated indebtedness; make investments, loans and acquisitions; create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts to the Company from the Company’s restricted subsidiaries or restrictions on the ability of the Company’s restricted subsidiaries to incur liens; engage in transactions with its affiliates; sell assets, including capital stock of its subsidiaries; materially alter the business it conducts; consolidate or merge; incur liens; and engage in sale-leaseback transactions.

The New Credit Agreement also contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and provisions relating to events of default. If an event of default occurs, the lenders under the New Credit Facilities will be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due under the New Credit Facilities and all actions permitted to be

taken by a secured creditor. As of June 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the New Credit Agreement.

The proceeds of the New Term Loan Facility were used on the Effective Date, among other things, to fund a portion of the consideration payable in connection with the Atotech Acquisition and to refinance the Prior Term Loan Facility and the Prior ABL Credit Facility and certain indebtedness of Atotech. The Company also paid certain customary fees and expenses of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Barclays Bank PLC, BofA Securities Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. and Mizuho Bank, Ltd. in their respective capacities as lead arrangers and bookrunners in connection with the New Credit Facilities.

On the Effective Date, in connection with the entry into the New Credit Agreement described above, the Company terminated and prepaid the prior term loan credit facility under that certain Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2016, by and among the Company, Barclays Bank PLC and the other financial institutions from time to time party thereto (as amended, the “Prior Term Loan Credit Agreement” and the term loan credit facility thereunder, the “Prior Term Loan Facility”) and terminated the prior revolving credit facility under that certain ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2019, by and among the Company, Barclays Bank PLC and the other financial institutions from time to time party thereto (as amended, the “Prior ABL Credit Agreement” and the revolving credit facility thereunder, the “Prior ABL Credit Facility”).

As of June 30, 2023, the outstanding principal amount of the New Term Loan Facility was $5,086 and the weighted average interest rate was 7.7%. As of June 30, 2023, there were no borrowings under the New Revolving Facility.

Lines of Credit and Borrowing Arrangements

Certain of the Company’s Japanese subsidiaries have lines of credit and a financing facility with various financial institutions, many of which generally expire and are renewed at three-month intervals with the remaining having no expiration date. The lines of credit and financing facility provided for aggregate borrowings as of June 30, 2023 of up to an equivalent of $14. There were no borrowings outstanding under these arrangements at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Contractual maturities of the Company’s debt obligations as of June 30, 2023 are as follows:

Year	Amount
2023 (remaining)	$	44
2024		93
2025		110
2026		116
2027		695
2028		43
Thereafter		3,985

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Product Warranties

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Guarantees and Product Warranties [Abstract]

Product Warranties

(9)Product Warranties

The Company provides for the estimated costs to fulfill customer warranty obligations upon the recognition of the related revenue. The Company’s warranty obligations are affected by shipment volume, product failure rates, utilization levels, material usage and supplier warranties on parts delivered to the Company. Should actual product failure rates, utilization levels, material usage, or supplier warranties on parts differ from the Company’s estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. The Company engages in extensive product quality programs and processes, including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of its component suppliers.

Product warranty activities were as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Beginning of period	$	27		$	21
Provision for product warranties		4			12
Charges to warranty liability		(8	)		(14	)
End of period	$	23		$	19

As of June 30, 2023, short-term product warranties of $17 and long-term product warranties of $6 were included within other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities, respectively, within the accompanying condensed consolidated balance

sheet. As of June 30, 2022, short-term product warranties of $18 and long-term product warranties of $1 were included within other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities, respectively, within the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

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Other Current Liabilities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Other Liabilities, Current [Abstract]

Other Current Liabilities

(10)Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consisted of the following:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued compensation and other employee-related obligations	$	131	$	162
Deferred revenue and customer advances		85		94
Income taxes payable		79		51
Lease liabilities		28		26
Other		110		100
Total other current liabilities	$	433	$	433

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Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

(11)Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 were 1.2% and 3.2%, respectively. The goodwill impairment relating to the electronics and general metal finishing reporting units of MSD and the equipment solutions reporting unit of PSD was considered non-deductible goodwill for tax purposes and therefore no tax benefit was recorded related to the goodwill impairment. The tax effect of the impairment of the intangible assets was discretely recorded in its entirety during the three months ended June 30, 2023. The Company’s tax benefit of $22 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and $59 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, was primarily due to the loss from operations and impairment of intangible assets for these periods. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to the tax benefit related to the impairment of intangible assets.

The Company's effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 were 17.0% and 16.6%, respectively. The Company's effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 were lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate mainly due to the U.S. deduction for foreign derived intangible income and the geographic mix of income earned by the Company's international subsidiaries being taxed at rates lower than the U.S. statutory tax rate, offset by the U.S. global intangible low-taxed income inclusion.

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Net (Loss) Income Per Share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net (Loss) Income Per Share

(12) Net (Loss) Income Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022		2023			2022
Numerator:
Net (loss) income	$	(1,769	)	$	130	$	(1,812	)	$	273
Denominator:
Shares used in net (loss) income per common share – basic		66.8			55.7		66.8			55.6
Effect of dilutive securities		—			0.1		—			0.2
Shares used in net (loss) income per common share – diluted		66.8			55.8		66.8			55.8
Net (loss) income per common share:
Basic	$	(26.47	)	$	2.33	$	(27.14	)	$	4.90
Diluted	$	(26.47	)	$	2.32	$	(27.14	)	$	4.89

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing (loss) income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted EPS is similar to the computation of basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding (using the treasury stock method) if securities containing potentially dilutive common shares had been converted to such common shares, and if such assumed conversion is dilutive. In periods in which a net loss is recognized, the impact of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is not included as they are antidilutive.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company had an immaterial quantity of RSUs that were antidilutive and were excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares.

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Stock-Based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

(13)Stock-Based Compensation

Prior to May 10, 2022, the Company granted RSUs to employees and directors under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”). Following shareholder approval of the 2022 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan” and, together with the 2014 Plan, the “Plans”) on May 10, 2022, the Company discontinued granting RSUs to employees and directors under the 2014 Plan and began granting them under the 2022 Plan. The Plans are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. The Plans are intended to attract and retain employees and directors, and to provide an incentive for these individuals to assist the Company to achieve long-range performance goals and enable these individuals to participate in the long-term growth of the Company.

In connection with the Atotech Acquisition, all Atotech time-based RSUs and performance-based RSU awards outstanding immediately prior to the acquisition were cancelled and replaced with the Company’s time-based RSUs under the 2022 Plan in accordance with the Implementation Agreement. Based on a formula in the Implementation Agreement, such cancelled RSUs were replaced with the Company’s RSUs, which are subject to the terms and conditions of the 2022 Plan and the related RSU agreements.

The total stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income was as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of revenues	$	2	$	2	$	3	$	3
Research and development		2		2		3		3
Selling, general and administrative		9		9		25		15
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	13	$	13	$	31	$	21

At June 30, 2023, the total compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards granted to employees and directors under the Plans that had not been recognized was $65. The Company determines the fair value of RSUs based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the award and estimates the fair value of employee stock purchase plan rights using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Such values are recognized as expense on a straight-line basis for time-based awards and using the accelerated graded vesting method for performance-based awards, both over the requisite service periods.

The following table presents the activity for RSUs under the Plans:

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Quantity			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
RSUs – beginning of period		0.8		$	118.96
Granted		0.7		$	87.09
Vested or forfeited		(0.4	)	$	119.30
RSUs – end of period		1.1		$	98.84

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Stockholders' Equity

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Federal Home Loan Banks [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

(14)Stockholders’ Equity

Share Repurchase Program

On July 25, 2011, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program for the repurchase of up to an aggregate of $200 of its outstanding common stock from time to time in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or through other appropriate means. The timing and quantity of any shares repurchased depends upon a variety of factors, including business conditions, stock market conditions and business development activities, including, but not limited to, merger and acquisition opportunities. These repurchases may be commenced, suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. The Company has repurchased approximately 2.6 shares of common stock for approximately $127

pursuant to the program since its adoption. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, there were no repurchases of common stock. Under the New Credit Facilities, the Company may be restricted from repurchasing its common stock under certain circumstances.

Cash Dividends

Holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to receive dividends when they are declared by the Company’s Board of Directors. During each of the first and second quarters of 2023 and 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.22 per share, which totaled $29 and $24 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Future dividend declarations, if any, as well as the record and payment dates for such dividends, are subject to the final determination of the Company’s Board of Directors. In addition, under the New Credit Facilities, the Company may be restricted from paying dividends under certain circumstances.

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Business Segment, Geographic Area, and Significant Customer Information

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segment, Geographic Area, and Significant Customer Information

(15)Business Segment, Geographic Area, and Significant Customer Information

The Company has three reportable segments: VSD, PSD and MSD. During the third quarter of 2022, MKS consolidated ESD into PSD and prior periods were recast to reflect this change. The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), which is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, utilizes financial information to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company, which is used in the decision-making process to assess performance and allocate resources to the three segments.

Reportable Segments

VSD delivers foundational technology solutions to leading edge semiconductor manufacturing, advanced electronics and specialty industrial applications. VSD products are derived from our core competencies in pressure measurement and control, flow measurement and control, gas and vapor delivery, gas composition analysis, electronic control technology, reactive gas generation and delivery, power generation and delivery, and vacuum technology.

PSD provides a full range of solutions including lasers, beam measurement and profiling, precision motion control, vibration isolation systems, photonics instruments, temperature sensing, opto-mechanical components, optical elements, laser-based systems for flexible printed circuit board (“PCB”) processing, laser-based systems for high density interconnect PCB and package substrate manufacturing, and high-speed multilayer ceramic capacitor testing.

MSD develops leading process and manufacturing technologies for advanced surface modification, electroless and electrolytic plating, and surface finishing. Atotech is a brand within MSD. Applying a comprehensive systems-and-solutions approach, MSD’s portfolio includes chemistry, equipment, software, and services for innovative and high-technology applications in a wide variety of end markets.

The Company derives its segment results directly from the manner in which results are reported in its management reporting system. The accounting policies that the Company uses to derive reportable segment results are substantially the same as those used for external reporting purposes. The Company groups similar products within its three reportable segments.

The following table sets forth net revenues by reportable segment:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Vacuum Solutions Division	$	426	$	507	$	720	$	981
Photonics Solutions Division		279		258		475		526
Materials Solutions Division		298		—		602		—
	$	1,003	$	765	$	1,797	$	1,507

The following table reconciles gross profit by reportable segment to net (loss) income:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Gross profit by reportable segment:
Vacuum Solutions Division	$	193		$	219		$	301		$	425
Photonics Solutions Division		128			119			209			247
Materials Solutions Division		149			—			296			—
Total gross profit by reportable segment		470			338			806			672
Operating expenses:
Research and development		75			53			147			105
Selling, general and administrative		172			101			348			193
Acquisition and integration costs		5			2			11			10
Restructuring		11			3			12			5
Amortization of intangible assets		76			15			157			30
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments		1,827			—			1,827			—
Gain on sale of long-lived assets		—			—			—			(7	)
(Loss) income from operations		(1,696	)		164			(1,696	)		336
Interest income		(4	)		(1	)		(7	)		(1	)
Interest expense		88			7			173			13
Other expense (income), net		11			2			9			(3	)
(Loss) income before income taxes		(1,791	)		156			(1,871	)		327
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		(22	)		26			(59	)		54
Net (loss) income	$	(1,769	)	$	130		$	(1,812	)	$	273

Interest income, interest expense and income tax (benefit) expense are not presented by reportable segment because the necessary information is not classified within the segments nor used by the CODM.

The following table sets forth segment assets by reportable segment:

June 30, 2023	Accounts  receivable, net			Inventories		Total
Vacuum Solutions Division	$	258		$	541	$	799
Photonics Solutions Division		266			317		583
Materials Solutions Division		286			178		464
Corporate, Eliminations & Other		(179	)		—		(179	)
Total segment assets	$	631		$	1,036	$	1,667

December 31, 2022	Accounts  receivable, net			Inventories		Total
Vacuum Solutions Division	$	307		$	491	$	798
Photonics Solutions Division		210			296		506
Materials Solutions Division		298			190		488
Corporate, Eliminations & Other		(95	)		—		(95	)
Total segment assets	$	720		$	977	$	1,697

The following table reconciles segment assets to total assets:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total segment assets	$	1,667	$	1,697
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments		758		910
Other current assets		303		187
Property, plant and equipment, net		777		800
Right-of-use assets, net		237		234
Goodwill and intangible assets, net		5,303		7,481
Other assets		185		186
Total assets	$	9,230	$	11,495

Geographic Area

Information about the Company’s operations by geographic area is presented in the tables below. Net revenues from unaffiliated customers are based on the location in which the sale originated. Intercompany sales between geographic areas are at tax transfer prices and have been eliminated from consolidated net revenues.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Net revenues:	2023		2022		2023		2022
United States	$	366	$	347	$	620	$	690
China		175		82		322		149
South Korea		87		95		161		178
Germany		65		38		138		76
Other		310		203		556		414
	$	1,003	$	765	$	1,797	$	1,507

Long-lived assets include property, plant and equipment, net, right-of-use assets, net and certain other assets, and exclude goodwill, intangible assets and long-term tax-related accounts.

Long-lived assets:	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
United States	$	515	$	508
Germany		155		160
China		159		175
Other		338		343
	$	1,167	$	1,186

Goodwill associated with each of the Company’s reportable segments is as follows:

	VSD			PSD			MSD			Total
Reportable segment:
Gross goodwill, at December 31, 2022	$	336		$	1,031		$	3,087		$	4,454
Foreign currency translation		(1	)		(1	)		(105	)		(107	)
Gross goodwill, at June 30, 2023		335			1,030			2,982			4,347
Accumulated goodwill impairment, at December 31, 2022		(141	)		(5	)		—			(146	)
Impairment charge		—			(372	)		(1,254	)		(1,626	)
Accumulated goodwill impairment, at June 30, 2023		(141	)		(377	)		(1,254	)		(1,772	)
Goodwill, net of accumulated impairment and foreign currency translation, at June 30, 2023	$	194		$	653		$	1,728		$	2,575

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Restructuring

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring

(16)Restructuring

The Company recorded restructuring charges of $11 and $12 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, primarily related to severance costs due to global cost-saving initiatives implemented in each of the first and second quarters of 2023. The Company recorded restructuring charges of $3 and $5 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, primarily related to severance costs due to a global cost-saving initiative and the closure of two facilities in Europe.

Restructuring activities were as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Restructuring accrual beginning of period	$	3		$	3
Charged to expense		12			5
Payments and adjustments		(6	)		(6	)
Restructuring accrual end of period	$	9		$	2

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Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

(17)Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Deferred Revenue and Customer Advances by Arrangement

A roll-forward of the Company’s deferred revenue and customer advances is as follows:

	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2023			June 30, 2022
Beginning balance, January 1(1)	$	96		$	40
Additions to deferred revenue and customer advances		84			91
Amount of deferred revenue and customer advances recognized in income		(93	)		(78	)
Ending balance, June 30(2)	$	87		$	53

(1)Beginning balance as of January 1, 2023 included $94 of current deferred revenue and customer advances, and $2 of non-current deferred revenue. Beginning balance as of January 1, 2022 included $37 of current deferred revenue and customer advances, and $3 of non-current deferred revenue.

(2)Ending balance as of June 30, 2023 included $85 of current deferred revenue and customer advances, and $2 of non-current deferred revenue. Ending balance as of June 30, 2022 included $51 of current deferred revenue and customer advances, and $2 of non-current deferred revenue.

Summary of Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The following tables summarize revenue from contracts with customers:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
	VSD		PSD		MSD		Total
Net revenues:
Products	$	365	$	236	$	284	$	885
Services		61		43		14		118
Total net revenues	$	426	$	279	$	298	$	1,003

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	VSD		PSD		MSD		Total
Net revenues:
Products	$	445	$	219	$	—	$	664
Services		62		39		—		101
Total net revenues	$	507	$	258	$	—	$	765

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	VSD		PSD		MSD		Total
Net revenues:
Products	$	617	$	405	$	575	$	1,597
Services		103		70		27		200
Total net revenues	$	720	$	475	$	602	$	1,797

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	VSD		PSD		MSD		Total
Net revenues:
Products	$	861	$	451	$	—	$	1,312
Services		120		75		—		195
Total net revenues	$	981	$	526	$	—	$	1,507

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

Assets and liabilities of the Company are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023 and are summarized as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Description	June 30, 2023		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	116	$	116	$	—	$	—
Available-for-sale securities:
Time deposits and certificates of deposit		1		—		1		—
Group insurance contracts		6		—		6		—
Derivatives
Foreign exchange forward contracts		7		—		7		—
Interest rate hedges - non-current		106		—		106		—
Pension and deferred compensation plan assets		19		—		19		—
Total assets	$	255	$	116	$	139	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivatives
Foreign exchange forward contracts	$	2	$	—	$	2	$	—
Total liabilities	$	2	$	—	$	2	$	—
Reported as follows:
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	116	$	116	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments		1		—		1		—
Other current assets		7		—		7		—
Total current assets	$	124	$	116	$	8	$	—
Other assets	$	131	$	—	$	131	$	—
Liabilities:
Other current liabilities	$	2	$	—	$	2	$	—

Assets and liabilities of the Company are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 and are summarized as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Description	December 31, 2022		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	60	$	60	$	—	$	—
Available-for-sale securities:
Time deposits and certificates of deposit		1		—		1		—
Group insurance contracts		6		—		6		—
Derivatives
Foreign exchange forward contracts		7		—		7		—
Interest rate hedges-non-current		104		—		104		—
Pension and deferred compensation plan assets		17		—		17		—
Total assets	$	195	$	60	$	135	$	—
Liabilities:
Derivatives
Foreign exchange forward contracts	$	8	$	—	$	8	$	—
Total liabilities	$	8	$	—	$	8	$	—
Reported as follows:
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	60	$	60	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments		1		—		1		—
Other current assets		8		—		8		—
Total current assets	$	69	$	60	$	9	$	—
Other assets	$	126	$	—	$	126	$	—
Liabilities:
Other current liabilities	$	8	$	—	$	8	$	—

Schedule of Estimated Carrying Value and Fair Value of Company's Debt

The estimated carrying value and fair value of the Company’s debt as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

	June 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Outstanding debt	$	5,086	$	5,073	$	5,122	$	5,071

The estimated carrying value and fair value of the Company’s debt

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Derivatives (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Primary Net Hedging Positions and Fair Values of Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts Outstanding

The following tables summarize the primary net hedging positions and fair values of foreign exchange forward contracts outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	June 30, 2023
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell)	Net Notional Value		Fair Value Asset
U.S. dollar/Japanese yen	$	28	$	4
U.S. dollar/South Korean won		27		—
U.S. dollar/Taiwan dollar		31		1
U.S. dollar/Singapore dollar		1		—
U.S. dollar/Chinese renminbi		11		—
Euro/U.S. dollar		52		—
Euro/Chinese renminbi		36		—
Euro/Turkish lira		1		—
U.K. pound sterling/U.S. dollar		24		—
Total	$	211	$	5

	December 31, 2022
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell)	Net Notional Value		Fair Value (Liability) Asset
U.S. dollar/Japanese yen	$	57	$	—
U.S. dollar/South Korean won		75		(4	)
U.S. dollar/Taiwan dollar		33		1
U.S. dollar/U.K. pound sterling		7		—
U.S. dollar/Singapore dollar		1		—
U.S. dollar/Chinese renminbi		9		—
Euro/U.S. dollar		485		1
Euro/Chinese renminbi		31		1
U.K. pound sterling/euro		4		—
Total	$	702	$	(1	)

Summary of Net (Losses) Gains on Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments

The following table summarizes the net (losses) gains on derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments:

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022		2023			2022
Foreign exchange forward contracts:
Net gains (losses) recognized in accumulated OCI	$	2		$	8	$	(13	)	$	26
Net (losses) gains reclassified from accumulated OCI into income	$	(1	)	$	3	$	(2	)	$	4

Summary of The Terms And Fair Values of Interest Rate Swaps and Interest Rate Caps

The following table summarizes the terms and fair values of interest rate swaps and interest rate caps outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

									June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Effective Date	Maturity	Fixed Rate			Notional Amount at Effective Date		Notional Amount at June 30, 2023		Fair Value Asset		Fair Value Asset
Interest Rate Swaps
April 5, 2019	March 31, 2023		2.309	%	$	300	$	—	$	—	$	1
June 30, 2023	February 28, 2025		0.391	%		200		200		15		16
June 30, 2023	February 28, 2025		0.543	%		300		300		21		22
September 30, 2022	September 30, 2026		3.156	%		350		350		12		8
January 2, 2024	January 31, 2028		2.841	%		250		—		8		5
September 30, 2022	September 30, 2027		3.198	%		350		350		11		8
January 2, 2024	January 31, 2029		2.986	%		250		—		7		4
September 30, 2022	September 30, 2026		3.358	%		600		600		14		10
						2,600		1,800		88		74
Interest Rate Caps
June 30, 2023	January 31, 2024		0.805	%		350		350		9		15
June 30, 2023	January 31, 2024		0.805	%		350		350		9		15
						700		700		18		30
		Total			$	3,300	$	2,500	$	106	$	104

Summary of Gains on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The following table summarizes the gains on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, consisting of balance sheet hedges and interest rate caps:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net gains recognized in income	$	6	$	1	$	16	$	7

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Inventories (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials	$	755	$	689
Work-in-process		109		115
Finished goods		172		173
Total	$	1,036	$	977

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Acquisition (Tables) - Atotech Limited [Member]

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Summary of Purchase Price

The purchase price of Atotech consisted of the following:

Cash consideration to Atotech stockholders, net	$	2,886
Value of MKS shares issued		1,186
Repayment of Atotech senior secured term loans		1,545
Settlement of accelerated Atotech share-based awards		47
Total purchase price, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired	$	5,664

Summary of Estimated Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price to the preliminary fair values assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the Effective Date:

Cash and cash equivalents	$	238
Accounts receivable		283
Inventories		244
Other current assets		104
Property, plant and equipment		381
Intangible assets		2,726
Goodwill		3,064
Other assets		131
Total assets acquired		7,171
Accounts payable		194
Other current liabilities		166
Non-current deferred taxes		729
Non-current accrued compensation		99
Other non-current liabilities		81
Total liabilities assumed		1,269
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed		5,902
Less: Cash and cash equivalents acquired		(238	)
Total purchase price, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired	$	5,664

Allocation of Acquired Intangible Assets and Related Estimates of Useful Lives

The following table reflects the preliminary allocation of the acquired intangible assets and related estimate of useful lives at the Effective Date:

Customer relationships	$	1,756	11-14 years
Completed technology		595	8-9 years
Trade names		145	16 years
Backlog		40	1.5 years
In-process research and development		190
	$	2,726

Schedule of Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of the Company as if the Atotech Acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2021. The unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations actually would have been had the acquisition occurred on the assumed date. In addition, the unaudited pro forma financial information does not attempt to project the future results of operations of the combined Company.

	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2022		June 30, 2022
Total net revenues	$	1,123	$	2,223
Net income	$	69	$	174

The unaudited pro forma information above give effect primarily to the following:

•applying the Company’s accounting policies;

•incremental interest expense related to the New Term Loan Facility;

•incremental amortization of acquired intangible assets related to the estimated fair value from the purchase price allocation;

•incremental depreciation of acquired property, plant and equipment related to the estimated fair value from the purchase price allocation;

•incremental compensation expense for share-based compensation arrangements; and

•the estimated tax impact of the above adjustments.

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary Quantitative Assessment

This quantitative assessment resulted in the following:

Reporting Unit	Goodwill Impairment	Remaining Goodwill
Electronics	$826	$1,420
General Metal Finishing	428	307
Equipment Solutions	372	100

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and accumulated impairment loss during the six months ended June 30, 2023 were as follows:

	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Impairment Loss			Net
Beginning balance, January 1	$	4,454		$	(146	)	$	4,308
Impairment charge		—			(1,626	)		(1,626	)
Foreign currency translation		(107	)		—			(107	)
Ending balance, June 30	$	4,347		$	(1,772	)	$	2,575

Intangible Assets

he Company’s intangible assets are comprised of the following:

As of June 30, 2023:	Gross		Accumulated Impairment Charges			Accumulated Amortization			Foreign Currency Translation			Net
Completed technology	$	1,212	$	(152	)	$	(356	)	$	(17	)	$	687
Customer relationships		2,072		(1	)		(264	)		(45	)		1,762
Patents, trademarks, trade names and other		437		(49	)		(101	)		(8	)		279
	$	3,721	$	(202	)	$	(721	)	$	(70	)	$	2,728

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, $61 of IPR&D included within patents, trademarks, trade names, and other was reclassified into completed technology. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, $9 of IPR&D was written off to amortization expense as certain projects were cancelled.

As of December 31, 2022:	Gross		Accumulated Impairment Charges			Accumulated Amortization Charges			Foreign Currency Translation		Net
Completed technology	$	1,151	$	—		$	(303	)	$	4	$	852
Customer relationships		2,072		(1	)		(190	)		11		1,892
Patents, trademarks, trade names and other		498		—			(71	)		2		429
	$	3,721	$	(1	)	$	(564	)	$	17	$	3,173

Estimated Net Amortization Expense

Aggregate net amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets for future years is as follows:

Year	Amount
2023 (remaining)	$	128
2024		226
2025		225
2026		222
2027		220
2028		220
Thereafter		1,364

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Debt (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Short-Term Debt

The Company’s outstanding debt is as follows:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Short-term debt:
New Term Loan Facility	$	88	$	93
Long-term debt, net:
New Term Loan Facility	$	4,819	$	4,834

Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Debt Obligations

Contractual maturities of the Company’s debt obligations as of June 30, 2023 are as follows:

Year	Amount
2023 (remaining)	$	44
2024		93
2025		110
2026		116
2027		695
2028		43
Thereafter		3,985

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Product Warranties (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Guarantees and Product Warranties [Abstract]

Product Warranty Activities

Product warranty activities were as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Beginning of period	$	27		$	21
Provision for product warranties		4			12
Charges to warranty liability		(8	)		(14	)
End of period	$	23		$	19

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Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Other Liabilities, Current [Abstract]

Summary of Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consisted of the following:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued compensation and other employee-related obligations	$	131	$	162
Deferred revenue and customer advances		85		94
Income taxes payable		79		51
Lease liabilities		28		26
Other		110		100
Total other current liabilities	$	433	$	433

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Net (Loss) Income Per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) Income Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share:

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022		2023			2022
Numerator:
Net (loss) income	$	(1,769	)	$	130	$	(1,812	)	$	273
Denominator:
Shares used in net (loss) income per common share – basic		66.8			55.7		66.8			55.6
Effect of dilutive securities		—			0.1		—			0.2
Shares used in net (loss) income per common share – diluted		66.8			55.8		66.8			55.8
Net (loss) income per common share:
Basic	$	(26.47	)	$	2.33	$	(27.14	)	$	4.90
Diluted	$	(26.47	)	$	2.32	$	(27.14	)	$	4.89

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense Included in Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income

The total stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income was as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cost of revenues	$	2	$	2	$	3	$	3
Research and development		2		2		3		3
Selling, general and administrative		9		9		25		15
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	13	$	13	$	31	$	21

Summary of Activity for RSUs

The following table presents the activity for RSUs under the Plans:

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Quantity			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
RSUs – beginning of period		0.8		$	118.96
Granted		0.7		$	87.09
Vested or forfeited		(0.4	)	$	119.30
RSUs – end of period		1.1		$	98.84

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Business Segment, Geographic Area, and Significant Customer Information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Net Revenues, Assets and Goodwill by Reportable Segment

The following table sets forth net revenues by reportable segment:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Vacuum Solutions Division	$	426	$	507	$	720	$	981
Photonics Solutions Division		279		258		475		526
Materials Solutions Division		298		—		602		—
	$	1,003	$	765	$	1,797	$	1,507

The following table sets forth segment assets by reportable segment:

June 30, 2023	Accounts  receivable, net			Inventories		Total
Vacuum Solutions Division	$	258		$	541	$	799
Photonics Solutions Division		266			317		583
Materials Solutions Division		286			178		464
Corporate, Eliminations & Other		(179	)		—		(179	)
Total segment assets	$	631		$	1,036	$	1,667

December 31, 2022	Accounts  receivable, net			Inventories		Total
Vacuum Solutions Division	$	307		$	491	$	798
Photonics Solutions Division		210			296		506
Materials Solutions Division		298			190		488
Corporate, Eliminations & Other		(95	)		—		(95	)
Total segment assets	$	720		$	977	$	1,697

Goodwill associated with each of the Company’s reportable segments is as follows:

	VSD			PSD			MSD			Total
Reportable segment:
Gross goodwill, at December 31, 2022	$	336		$	1,031		$	3,087		$	4,454
Foreign currency translation		(1	)		(1	)		(105	)		(107	)
Gross goodwill, at June 30, 2023		335			1,030			2,982			4,347
Accumulated goodwill impairment, at December 31, 2022		(141	)		(5	)		—			(146	)
Impairment charge		—			(372	)		(1,254	)		(1,626	)
Accumulated goodwill impairment, at June 30, 2023		(141	)		(377	)		(1,254	)		(1,772	)
Goodwill, net of accumulated impairment and foreign currency translation, at June 30, 2023	$	194		$	653		$	1,728		$	2,575

Schedule of Reconciles Gross Profit By Reportable Segment To Net (Loss) Income

The following table reconciles gross profit by reportable segment to net (loss) income:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Gross profit by reportable segment:
Vacuum Solutions Division	$	193		$	219		$	301		$	425
Photonics Solutions Division		128			119			209			247
Materials Solutions Division		149			—			296			—
Total gross profit by reportable segment		470			338			806			672
Operating expenses:
Research and development		75			53			147			105
Selling, general and administrative		172			101			348			193
Acquisition and integration costs		5			2			11			10
Restructuring		11			3			12			5
Amortization of intangible assets		76			15			157			30
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments		1,827			—			1,827			—
Gain on sale of long-lived assets		—			—			—			(7	)
(Loss) income from operations		(1,696	)		164			(1,696	)		336
Interest income		(4	)		(1	)		(7	)		(1	)
Interest expense		88			7			173			13
Other expense (income), net		11			2			9			(3	)
(Loss) income before income taxes		(1,791	)		156			(1,871	)		327
(Benefit) provision for income taxes		(22	)		26			(59	)		54
Net (loss) income	$	(1,769	)	$	130		$	(1,812	)	$	273

Reconciles Segment Assets to Total Assets

The following table reconciles segment assets to total assets:

	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total segment assets	$	1,667	$	1,697
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments		758		910
Other current assets		303		187
Property, plant and equipment, net		777		800
Right-of-use assets, net		237		234
Goodwill and intangible assets, net		5,303		7,481
Other assets		185		186
Total assets	$	9,230	$	11,495

Schedule of Net Revenues and Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Regions

Intercompany sales between geographic areas are at tax transfer prices and have been eliminated from consolidated net revenues.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Net revenues:	2023		2022		2023		2022
United States	$	366	$	347	$	620	$	690
China		175		82		322		149
South Korea		87		95		161		178
Germany		65		38		138		76
Other		310		203		556		414
	$	1,003	$	765	$	1,797	$	1,507

Long-lived assets:	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
United States	$	515	$	508
Germany		155		160
China		159		175
Other		338		343
	$	1,167	$	1,186

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Restructuring (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Schedule of Restructuring Activities

Restructuring activities were as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Restructuring accrual beginning of period	$	3		$	3
Charged to expense		12			5
Payments and adjustments		(6	)		(6	)
Restructuring accrual end of period	$	9		$	2

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Change in Contract with Customer, Liability [Abstract]
Contract assets	$ 49	$ 46

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Deferred Revenue and Customer Advances by Arrangement (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Change in Contract with Customer, Liability [Abstract]
Beginning balance, January 1	$ 96	$ 40
Additions to deferred revenue and customer advances	84	91
Amount of deferred revenue and customer advances recognized in income	(93)	(78)
Ending balance, June 30	$ 87	$ 53

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Schedule of Deferred Revenue and Customer Advances by Arrangement (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Jan. 01, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Jan. 01, 2022
Change in Contract with Customer, Liability [Line Items]
Non-current deferred revenue	$ 2	$ 2		$ 2	$ 3
Deferred revenue and customer advances	85		$ 94
Deferred Revenue [Member]
Change in Contract with Customer, Liability [Line Items]
Deferred revenue and customer advances	$ 85	$ 94		$ 51	$ 37

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Summary of Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenues	$ 1,003	$ 765	$ 1,797	$ 1,507
Products [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenues	885	664	1,597	1,312
Services [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenues	118	101	200	195
VSD [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenues	426	507	720	981
VSD [Member] | Products [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenues	365	445	617	861
VSD [Member] | Services [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenues	61	62	103	120
PSD [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenues	279	258	475	526
PSD [Member] | Products [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenues	236	219	405	451
PSD [Member] | Services [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenues	43	39	70	75
MSD [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenues	298	0	602	0
MSD [Member] | Products [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenues	284	0	575	0
MSD [Member] | Services [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net revenues	$ 14	$ 0	$ 27	$ 0

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Short-term investments	$ 1	$ 1
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	116	60
Pension and deferred compensation plan assets	19	17
Total assets	255	195
Total liabilities	2	8
Short-term investments	1	1
Other current assets	7	8
Total current assets	124	69
Other assets	131	126
Other current liabilities	$ 2	$ 8
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Liabilities	Liabilities
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Interest Rate Hedge [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivatives-interest rate hedge - non-current	$ 106	$ 104
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contracts [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivatives-foreign exchange forward contracts	7	7
Derivatives- foreign exchange forward contracts	2	8
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Group Insurance Contracts [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	6	6
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	116	60
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Time Deposits and Certificates of Deposit [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	1	1
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	116	60
Pension and deferred compensation plan assets	0	0
Total assets	116	60
Total liabilities	0	0
Short-term investments	0	0
Other current assets	0	0
Total current assets	116	60
Other assets	0	0
Other current liabilities	$ 0	$ 0
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Liabilities	Liabilities
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Interest Rate Hedge [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivatives-interest rate hedge - non-current	$ 0	$ 0
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contracts [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivatives-foreign exchange forward contracts	0	0
Derivatives- foreign exchange forward contracts	0	0
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Group Insurance Contracts [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	116	60
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) [Member] | Time Deposits and Certificates of Deposit [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Pension and deferred compensation plan assets	19	17
Total assets	139	135
Total liabilities	2	8
Short-term investments	1	1
Other current assets	7	8
Total current assets	8	9
Other assets	131	126
Other current liabilities	$ 2	$ 8
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Liabilities	Liabilities
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Interest Rate Hedge [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivatives-interest rate hedge - non-current	$ 106	$ 104
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contracts [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivatives-foreign exchange forward contracts	7	7
Derivatives- foreign exchange forward contracts	2	8
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Group Insurance Contracts [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	6	6
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) [Member] | Time Deposits and Certificates of Deposit [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	1	1
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Pension and deferred compensation plan assets	0	0
Total assets	0	0
Total liabilities	0	0
Short-term investments	0	0
Other current assets	0	0
Total current assets	0	0
Other assets	0	0
Other current liabilities	$ 0	$ 0
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Liabilities	Liabilities
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Interest Rate Hedge [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivatives-interest rate hedge - non-current	$ 0	$ 0
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Foreign Exchange Contracts [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Derivatives-foreign exchange forward contracts	0	0
Derivatives- foreign exchange forward contracts	0	0
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Group Insurance Contracts [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) [Member] | Time Deposits and Certificates of Deposit [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Estimated Carrying Value and Fair Value of Company's Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Outstanding debt Carrying Value	$ 5,086	$ 5,122
Outstanding debt Fair Value	$ 5,073	$ 5,071

XML

Derivatives - Additional Information (Detail) € in Millions, $ in Millions	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 Swaps	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 EUR (€)
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Maximum period for hedging a portion of forecasted foreign currency denominated intercompany sales of inventory	18 months
Number Of USD LIBOR based swaps | Swaps	2
Derivatives Foreign Currency Options [Member] | Atotech [Member]
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Notional amount in EUR/USD | €			€ 300
Other Expense, Net [Member] | Derivatives Foreign Currency Options [Member] | Atotech [Member]
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Gain net of premium | $		$ 5

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Derivatives - Summary of Primary Net Hedging Positions and Fair Values of Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts Outstanding (Detail) - Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Gross Notional Value, Net	$ 211	$ 702
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Fair Value, (Liability)/Asset, Net	5	(1)
U.S. Dollar/Japanese Yen [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Gross Notional Value, Net	28	57
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Fair Value, (Liability)/Asset, Net	4	0
U.S. Dollar/South Korean Won [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Gross Notional Value, Net	27	75
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Fair Value, (Liability)/Asset, Net	0	(4)
U.S. Dollar/Taiwan Dollar [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Gross Notional Value, Net	31	33
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Fair Value, (Liability)/Asset, Net	1	1
U.S. Dollar/U.K. Pound Sterling [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Gross Notional Value, Net		7
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Fair Value, (Liability)/Asset, Net		0
U.S. Dollar/Singapore Dollar [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Gross Notional Value, Net	1	1
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Fair Value, (Liability)/Asset, Net	0	0
U.S. dollar/Chinese renminbi
Derivative [Line Items]
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Gross Notional Value, Net	11	9
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Fair Value, (Liability)/Asset, Net	0	0
Euro/U.S. Dollar [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Gross Notional Value, Net	52	485
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Fair Value, (Liability)/Asset, Net	0	1
Euro/Chinese Renminbi [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Gross Notional Value, Net	36	31
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Fair Value, (Liability)/Asset, Net	0	1
Euro/Turkish lira [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Gross Notional Value, Net	1
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Fair Value, (Liability)/Asset, Net	0
U.K. Pound Sterling/U.S. Dollar [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Gross Notional Value, Net	24
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Fair Value, (Liability)/Asset, Net	$ 0
U.K. Pound Sterling/Euro [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Gross Notional Value, Net		4
Currency Hedged (Buy/Sell), Fair Value, (Liability)/Asset, Net		$ 0

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Derivatives - Summary of Net (Losses) Gains on Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments (Detail) - Cash Flow Hedging [Member] - Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Net gains (losses) recognized in accumulated OCI	$ 2	$ 8	$ (13)	$ 26
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), after Reclassification and Tax, Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), after Reclassification and Tax, Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), after Reclassification and Tax, Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), after Reclassification and Tax, Parent
Net (losses) gains reclassified from accumulated OCI into income	$ (1)	$ 3	$ (2)	$ 4
Derivative Instrument, Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income, Effective Portion, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Foreign Currency Transaction and Translation Adjustment, Net of Tax, Portion Attributable to Parent

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Derivatives - Summary of The Terms And Fair Values of Interest Rate Swaps and Interest Rate Caps (Detail) - Incremental Term Loan Facility [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount at Effective Date	$ 3,300
Notional Amount	2,500
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	106	$ 104
Interest Rate Swaps [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount at Effective Date	2,600
Notional Amount	1,800
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	88	74
Interest Rate Caps [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount at Effective Date	700
Notional Amount	700
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 18	30
Swap Agreement One [Member] | Interest Rate Swaps [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Effective Date	Apr. 05, 2019
Maturity	Mar. 31, 2023
Fixed Rate	2.309%
Notional Amount at Effective Date	$ 300
Notional Amount	0
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 0	1
Swap Agreement One [Member] | Interest Rate Caps [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Effective Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Maturity	Jan. 31, 2024
Fixed Rate	0.805%
Notional Amount at Effective Date	$ 350
Notional Amount	350
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 9	15
Swap Agreement Two [Member] | Interest Rate Swaps [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Effective Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Maturity	Feb. 28, 2025
Fixed Rate	0.391%
Notional Amount at Effective Date	$ 200
Notional Amount	200
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 15	16
Swap Agreement Two [Member] | Interest Rate Caps [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Effective Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Maturity	Jan. 31, 2024
Fixed Rate	0.805%
Notional Amount at Effective Date	$ 350
Notional Amount	350
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 9	15
Swap Agreement Three [Member] | Interest Rate Swaps [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Effective Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Maturity	Feb. 28, 2025
Fixed Rate	0.543%
Notional Amount at Effective Date	$ 300
Notional Amount	300
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 21	22
Swap Agreement Four [Member] | Interest Rate Swaps [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Effective Date	Sep. 30, 2022
Maturity	Sep. 30, 2026
Fixed Rate	3.156%
Notional Amount at Effective Date	$ 350
Notional Amount	350
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 12	8
Swap Agreement Five [Member] | Interest Rate Swaps [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Effective Date	Jan. 02, 2024
Maturity	Jan. 31, 2028
Fixed Rate	2.841%
Notional Amount at Effective Date	$ 250
Notional Amount	0
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 8	5
Swap Agreement Six [Member] | Interest Rate Swaps [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Effective Date	Sep. 30, 2022
Maturity	Sep. 30, 2027
Fixed Rate	3.198%
Notional Amount at Effective Date	$ 350
Notional Amount	350
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 11	8
Swap Agreement Seven [Member] | Interest Rate Swaps [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Effective Date	Jan. 02, 2024
Maturity	Jan. 31, 2029
Fixed Rate	2.986%
Notional Amount at Effective Date	$ 250
Notional Amount	0
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 7	4
Swap Agreement Eight [Member] | Interest Rate Swaps [Member]
Derivative [Line Items]
Effective Date	Sep. 30, 2022
Maturity	Sep. 30, 2026
Fixed Rate	3.358%
Notional Amount at Effective Date	$ 600
Notional Amount	600
Fair Value Asset (Liability)	$ 14	$ 10

XML

Derivatives - Summary of Gains on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Interest Rate Caps [Member]
Derivative Instruments Gain Loss Not Designated As Hedging Instruments [Line Items]
Net gains recognized in income	$ 6	$ 1	$ 16	$ 7

XML

Inventories - Summary of Inventories (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 755	$ 689
Work-in-process	109	115
Finished goods	172	173
Total	$ 1,036	$ 977

XML

Acquisition - Additional Information (Detail) - Atotech Limited [Member] - USD ($)		6 Months Ended
	Aug. 17, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Price per share of common stock in cash	$ 16.20
Number of shares received per common shares	0.0552
Aggregate number of common stock issued	10,700,000
In Process Research and Development [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets, estimated useful lives		8 years
In Process Research and Development [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets, estimated useful lives		9 years

XML

Acquisition - Summary of Purchase Price (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions		6 Months Ended
	Aug. 17, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Repayment of Atotech senior secured term loans		$ 45	$ 8
Atotech Limited [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash paid for outstanding shares	$ 2,886
Value of MKS shares issued	1,186
Repayment of Atotech senior secured term loans	1,545
Settlement of accelerated share-based awards	47
Total purchase price, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired	5,664
Total purchase price, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired	$ 5,664

XML

Acquisition - Summary of Estimated Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Aug. 17, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Acquisition Date [Line Items]
Goodwill		$ 2,575	$ 4,308
Atotech Limited [Member]
Acquisition Date [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 238
Accounts receivable	283
Inventories	244
Other current assets	104
Property, plant and equipment	381
Intangible assets	2,726
Goodwill	3,064
Other assets	131
Total assets acquired	7,171
Accounts payable	194
Other current liabilities	166
Non-current deferred taxes	729
Non-current accrued compensation	99
Other non-current liabilities	81
Total liabilities assumed	1,269
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed	5,902
Less: Cash and cash equivalents acquired	(238)
Total purchase price, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired	$ 5,664

XML

Acquisition - Allocation of Acquired Intangible Assets and Liabilities Related Estimates of Useful Lives (Detail) - Atotech Limited [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions		6 Months Ended
	Aug. 17, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets, purchase price	$ 2,726
Customer Relationships [Member]
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets, purchase price	$ 1,756
Customer Relationships [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets, estimated useful lives	11 years
Customer Relationships [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets, estimated useful lives	14 years
Completed Technology [Member]
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets, purchase price	$ 595
Completed Technology [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets, estimated useful lives	8 years
Completed Technology [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets, estimated useful lives	9 years
Trade Names [Member]
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets, purchase price	$ 145
Acquired intangible assets, estimated useful lives	16 years
Backlog [Member]
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets, purchase price	$ 40
Acquired intangible assets, estimated useful lives	1 year 6 months
In Process Research and Development [Member]
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets, purchase price	$ 190
In Process Research and Development [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets, estimated useful lives		8 years
In Process Research and Development [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Acquired Finite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Acquired intangible assets, estimated useful lives		9 years

XML

Acquisition - Schedule of Revenue and Net Income (Details) - Atotech Limited [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Total net revenues	$ 1,123	$ 2,223
Net income	$ 69	$ 174

XML

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Summary of Quantitative Assessment (Detail) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill Impairment	$ 1,626
Electronics [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill Impairment	826
Remaining Goodwill	1,420
General Metal Finishing [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill Impairment	428
Remaining Goodwill	307
Equipment Solutions [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill Impairment	372
Remaining Goodwill	$ 100

XML

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Goodwill (Detail) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Beginning balance, Goodwill Gross Carrying Amount	$ 4,454
Impairment charge, Gross Carrying Amount	0
Foreign currency translation, Gross Carrying Amount	(107)
Ending balance, Goodwill Gross Carrying Amount	4,347
Beginning balance, Accumulated Impairment Loss	(146)
Accumulated Impairment Loss Impairment charge	(1,626)
Foreign currency translation, Accumulated Impairment Loss	0
Ending balance, Accumulated Impairment Loss	(1,772)
Beginning balance, Goodwill Net	4,308
Impairment charge, Net	1,626
Foreign currency translation, Net	(107)
Ending balance, Goodwill Net	$ 2,575

XML

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, Gross	$ 3,721	$ 3,721
Accumulated Impairment Charges	(202)	(1)
Accumulated Amortization Charges	$ (721)	$ (564)
Impairment, Intangible Asset, Indefinite-Lived (Excluding Goodwill), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Amortization of Intangible Assets	Amortization of Intangible Assets
Foreign Currency Translation	$ (70)	$ 17
Intangible assets, net	2,728	3,173
Completed Technology [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, Gross	1,212	1,151
Accumulated Impairment Charges	(152)	0
Accumulated Amortization Charges	356	(303)
Foreign Currency Translation	(17)	4
Intangible assets, net	687	852
Customer Relationships [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, Gross	2,072	2,072
Accumulated Impairment Charges	(1)	(1)
Accumulated Amortization Charges	(264)	(190)
Foreign Currency Translation	(45)	11
Intangible assets, net	1,762	1,892
Patents, Trademarks, Trade Names and Other [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, Gross	437	498
Accumulated Impairment Charges	(49)	0
Accumulated Amortization Charges	(101)	(71)
Foreign Currency Translation	(8)	2
Intangible assets, net	$ 279	$ 429

XML

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Impairment			$ 1,626
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 76	$ 15	157	$ 30
In-process research and development reclassified into completed technology			61
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization	721		721		$ 564
Un-amortized finite-lived intangible assets	3,721		3,721		$ 3,721
IPR&D [Member]
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization	9		9
Un-amortized finite-lived intangible assets	67		67
Equipment Solutions Business [Member] | Completed Technology [Member]
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets fair value	20		20
Impairment			$ 152
Intangible assets useful life future undiscounted cash flows			7 years
Weighted-average revenue growth rate future undiscounted cash flows			8.00%
Discount rate future undiscounted cash flows			13.50%
Electronics [Member]
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Impairment			$ 826
Electronics [Member] | IPR&D [Member]
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets fair value	72		72
Impairment			$ 49
Discount rate future undiscounted cash flows			12.50%
Electronics [Member] | IPR&D [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets useful life future undiscounted cash flows			2 years
Trademarks and Trade Names [Member]
Goodwill And Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Un-amortized Intangible assets, net	$ 56		$ 56

XML

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Estimated Net Amortization Expense (Detail) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2023 (remaining)	$ 128
2024	226
2025	225
2026	222
2027	220
2028	220
Thereafter	$ 1,364

XML

Debt - Schedule of Short-Term Debt (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Short Term Debt [Line Items]
Short term debt	$ 88	$ 93
New Term Loan Facility [Member]
Short Term Debt [Line Items]
Short term debt	$ 88	$ 93

XML

Debt - Schedule of Long-Term Debt (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, net	$ 4,819	$ 4,834
New Term Loan Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, net	$ 4,819	$ 4,834

XML

Debt - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
New Term Loan Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Deferred financing fees, original issuance discount and repricing fees	$ 179	$ 195

XML

Debt - New Credit Facilities - Additional Information (Detail)		6 Months Ended
	Aug. 17, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate terms		Borrowings under the New Credit Facilities bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s option, any of the following, plus, in each case, an applicable margin: (a) with respect to the USD Tranche A, the USD Tranche B and the New Revolving Facility, (x) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (1) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, (2) the prime rate quoted in The Wall Street Journal, or (3) a forward-looking term rate based on Term SOFR (plus an applicable credit spread adjustment) for an interest period of one month, plus 1.00%; and (y) a Term SOFR rate (plus an applicable credit spread adjustment) for the interest period relevant to such borrowing, subject to a rate floor of (I) with respect to the USD Tranche B, 0.50% and (II) with respect to the USD Tranche A and the New Revolving Facility, 0.0%; and (b) with respect to the Euro Tranche B, a Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”) rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for Euro deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a EURIBOR rate floor of 0.0%.
Initial commitment fee percentage		0.375%
Outstanding principal amount		$ 5,086,000,000	$ 5,122,000,000
Annual Step-Down [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Leverage ratio		0.25
Step-Up [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Leverage ratio		0.50
Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Leverage ratio		5.50
Maximum [Member] | Step-Up [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Leverage ratio		5.50
Federal Funds Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate		0.50%
Term SOFR Rate (Plus Applicable Credit Spread Adjustment) [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate		1.00%
EURIBOR Rate Floor [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate		0.00%
USD Tranche A [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	$ 1,000,000,000
Scheduled quarterly payments percentage of original principal amount		1.25%
USD Tranche A [Member] | Years 3 and 4 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Scheduled quarterly payments percentage of original principal amount		1.875%
USD Tranche A [Member] | Year 5 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Scheduled quarterly payments percentage of original principal amount		2.50%
USD Tranche A [Member] | Original Issue Discount [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Original issue discount percentage of principal amount		0.25%
USD Tranche A [Member] | Floor Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate		0.00%
USD Tranche B [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	3,600,000,000
Scheduled quarterly payments percentage of original principal amount		0.25%
USD Tranche B [Member] | Original Issue Discount [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Original issue discount percentage of principal amount		2.00%
USD Tranche B [Member] | Floor Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate		0.50%
Euro Tranche B [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	600,000,000
Scheduled quarterly payments percentage of original principal amount		0.25%
Euro Tranche [Member] | Original Issue Discount [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Original issue discount percentage of principal amount		2.00%
First Lien Net Leverage Ratio [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Leverage ratio		6.00
Atotech [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	500,000,000
Base Rate Borrowings [Member] | USD Tranche A [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate		1.50%
Base Rate Borrowings [Member] | USD Tranche B [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate		1.75%
Term SOFR Borrowings [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate		2.50%
Term SOFR Borrowings [Member] | USD Tranche A [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate		2.50%
Term SOFR Borrowings [Member] | USD Tranche B [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate		2.75%
Borrowings under New Revolving Facility [Member] | Base Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate		1.50%
Borrowings under Euro Tranche B [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, interest rate		3.00%
New Revolving Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt issuance costs	$ 7,000,000
Debt issuance costs, amortization period	4 years
Prepayment premium percentage of aggregate principal amount		1.00%
Total borrowings outstanding		$ 0
New Revolving Facility [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of aggregate amount of all commitments		35.00%
Term Loans under New Term Loan Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Deferred financing fees and original issue discount fees		$ 242,000,000
New Term Loan Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility minimum additional borrowing capacity		$ 1,011,000,000
Minimum percentage of consolidated EBITDA		75.00%
Outstanding principal amount		$ 5,086,000,000
Weighted average interest rate		7.70%

XML

Debt - Lines of Credit and Borrowing Arrangements - Additional Information (Detail) - Revolving Lines of Credit [Member] - Japan [Member] - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate borrowings expire and renewal period	3 months
Borrowing capacity in the form of letters of credit	$ 14,000,000
Total borrowings outstanding	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Debt - Schedule of Contractual Maturities of Debt Obligations (Detail) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Maturities of Long-Term Debt [Abstract]
2023 (remaining)	$ 44
2024	93
2025	110
2026	116
2027	695
2028	43
Thereafter	$ 3,985

XML

Product Warranties - Product Warranty Activities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Guarantees [Abstract]
Beginning of period	$ 27	$ 21
Provision for product warranties	4	12
Charges to warranty liability	(8)	(14)
End of period	$ 23	$ 19

XML

Product Warranties - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Other Current Liabilities [Member]
Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]
Short-term product warranties	$ 17	$ 18
Other Noncurrent Liabilities [Member]
Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]
Long-term product warranties	$ 6	$ 1

XML

Other Current Liabilities - Summary of Other Current Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Other Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Accrued compensation and other employee-related obligations	$ 131	$ 162
Deferred revenue and customer advances	85	94
Income taxes payable	79	51
Lease liabilities	28	26
Other	110	100
Total other current liabilities	$ 433	$ 433

XML

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective tax rates	1.20%	17.00%	3.20%	16.60%
(Benefit) provision for income taxes	$ (22,000,000)	$ 26,000,000	$ (59,000,000)	$ 54,000,000
Tax benefit related to goodwill impairment			$ 0

XML

Net (Loss) Income Per Share - Computation of Basic and Diluted Net (Loss)Income Per Share (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Numerator:
Net (loss) income	$ (1,769)	$ (42)	$ 130	$ 143	$ (1,812)	$ 273
Denominator:
Shares used in net (loss) income per common share - basic	66.8		55.7		66.8	55.6
Effect of dilutive securities	0.0		0.1		0.0	0.2
Shares used in net (loss) income per common share - diluted	66.8		55.8		66.8	55.8
Net (loss) income per common share:
Basic	$ (26.47)		$ 2.33		$ (27.14)	$ 4.90
Net (loss) income per common share:
Diluted	$ (26.47)		$ 2.32		$ (27.14)	$ 4.89

XML

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense Included in Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 13	$ 13	$ 31	$ 21
Cost of Revenues [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	2	2	3	3
Research and Development [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	2	2	3	3
Selling, General and Administrative [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 9	$ 9	$ 25	$ 15

XML

Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Total compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards granted to employees, officers and directors	$ 65

XML

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Activity for RSUs (Detail) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
RSUs, beginning of period | shares	800,000
Granted | shares	700,000
Vested or forfeited | shares	(400,000)
RSU, end of period | shares	1,100,000
RSUs, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Beginning of period | $ / shares	$ 118.96
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Granted | $ / shares	87.09
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Vested and Forfeited | $ / shares	119.30
RSUs, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, end of period | $ / shares	$ 98.84

XML

Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Jul. 25, 2011	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Equity [Abstract]
Common stock, value of shares authorized to repurchase	$ 200,000,000
Stock repurchase, shares	2,600,000	0		0		0	0
Value of shares repurchased	$ 127,000,000
Cash dividends per common share			$ 0.22		$ 0.22
Dividend payment to common shareholders						$ 29,000,000	$ 24,000,000

XML

Business Segment, Geographic Area, and Significant Customer Information - Additional Information (Detail) - Segment	6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments	3	3

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Business Segment, Geographic Area, and Significant Customer Information - Net Revenues by Reportable Segment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	$ 1,003	$ 765	$ 1,797	$ 1,507
Vacuum Solutions Division [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	426	507	720	981
Photonics Solutions Division [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	279	258	475	526
Materials Solutions Division [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Net revenues	$ 298	$ 0	$ 602	$ 0

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Business Segment, Geographic Area, and Significant Customer Information - Schedule of Reconciles Gross Profit By Reportable Segment To Net (Loss) Income (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Gross profit	$ 470		$ 338		$ 806	$ 672
Research and development	75		53		147	105
Selling, general and administrative	172		101		348	193
Acquisition and integration costs	5		2		11	10
Restructuring charges	11		3		12	5
Amortization of intangible assets	76		15		157	30
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments	1,827		0		1,827	0
Gain on sale of long-lived assets	0		0		0	(7)
(Loss) income from operations	(1,696)		164		(1,696)	336
Interest income	(4)		(1)		(7)	(1)
Interest expense	88		7		173	13
Other expense (income), net	11		2		9	(3)
(Loss) income before income taxes	(1,791)		156		(1,871)	327
(Benefit) provision for income taxes	(22)		26		(59)	54
Net (loss) income	(1,769)	$ (42)	130	$ 143	(1,812)	273
Vacuum Solutions Division [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Gross profit	193		219		301	425
Photonics Solutions Division [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Gross profit	128		119		209	247
Materials Solutions Division [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Gross profit	$ 149		$ 0		$ 296	$ 0

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Business Segment, Geographic Area, and Significant Customer Information - Segment Assets by Reportable Segment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net	$ 631	$ 720
Inventories	1,036	977
Total assets	1,667	1,697
Operating Segments [Member] | Vacuum Solutions Division Member
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net	258	307
Inventories	541	491
Total assets	799	798
Operating Segments [Member] | Photonics Solutions Division [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net	266	210
Inventories	317	296
Total assets	583	506
Operating Segments [Member] | Materials Solutions Division [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net	286	298
Inventories	178	190
Total assets	464	488
Corporate, Eliminations & Other [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net	(179)	(95)
Inventories	0	0
Total assets	$ (179)	$ (95)

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Business Segment, Geographic Area, and Significant Customer Information - Reconciles Segment Assets to Total Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Total segment assets	$ 1,667	$ 1,697
Cash and cash equivalents	757	909
Other current assets	303	187
Property, plant and equipment, net	777	800
Right-of-use assets, net	237	234
Other assets	185	186
Total assets	9,230	11,495
Segment Reconciling Items [Member]
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	758	910
Other current assets	303	187
Property, plant and equipment, net	777	800
Right-of-use assets, net	237	234
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	5,303	7,481
Other assets	185	186
Total assets	$ 9,230	$ 11,495

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Business Segment, Geographic Area, and Significant Customer Information - Schedule of Net Revenues and Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Regions (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net revenues	$ 1,003	$ 765	$ 1,797	$ 1,507
Long-lived assets	1,167		1,167		$ 1,186
United States [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net revenues	366	347	620	690
Long-lived assets	515		515		508
China [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net revenues	175	82	322	149
Long-lived assets	159		159		175
South Korea [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net revenues	87	95	161	178
Germany [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net revenues	65	38	138	76
Long-lived assets	155		155		160
Other [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net revenues	310	$ 203	556	$ 414
Long-lived assets	$ 338		$ 338		$ 343

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Business Segment, Geographic Area, and Significant Customer Information - Summary of Goodwill Associated with Reportable Segments (Detail) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Beginning balance, Goodwill Gross Carrying Amount	$ 4,454
Foreign currency translation, Net	(107)
Ending balance, Goodwill Gross Carrying Amount	4,347
Beginning balance, Accumulated Impairment Loss	(146)
Impairment charge, Net	(1,626)
Ending balance, Accumulated Impairment Loss	(1,772)
Beginning balance, Goodwill Net	4,308
Ending balance, Goodwill Net	2,575
Vacuum Solutions Division [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Beginning balance, Goodwill Gross Carrying Amount	336
Foreign currency translation, Net	(1)
Ending balance, Goodwill Gross Carrying Amount	335
Beginning balance, Accumulated Impairment Loss	(141)
Impairment charge, Net	0
Ending balance, Accumulated Impairment Loss	(141)
Ending balance, Goodwill Net	194
Photonics Solutions Division [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Beginning balance, Goodwill Gross Carrying Amount	1,031
Foreign currency translation, Net	(1)
Ending balance, Goodwill Gross Carrying Amount	1,030
Beginning balance, Accumulated Impairment Loss	(5)
Impairment charge, Net	(372)
Ending balance, Accumulated Impairment Loss	(377)
Ending balance, Goodwill Net	653
Materials Solutions Division [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Beginning balance, Goodwill Gross Carrying Amount	3,087
Foreign currency translation, Net	(105)
Ending balance, Goodwill Gross Carrying Amount	2,982
Beginning balance, Accumulated Impairment Loss	0
Impairment charge, Net	(1,254)
Ending balance, Accumulated Impairment Loss	(1,254)
Ending balance, Goodwill Net	$ 1,728

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Restructuring - Additional Information (Detail) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) Facility
Restructuring Cost and Other Cost [Line Items]
Restructuring charges | $	$ 11	$ 3	$ 12	$ 5
Europe [Member]
Restructuring Cost and Other Cost [Line Items]
Number of facilities closed | Facility				2

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Restructuring - Schedule of Restructuring Activities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Restructuring accrual beginning of period			$ 3	$ 3
Charged to expense	$ 11	$ 3	12	5
Payments and adjustments			(6)	(6)
Restructuring accrual end of period	$ 9	$ 2	$ 9	$ 2