Avista Corp. is exposed to market risks relating to changes in electricity and natural gas commodity prices and certain other fuel prices. Market risk is, in general, the risk of fluctuation in the market price of the commodity being traded and is influenced primarily by supply and demand. Market risk includes the fluctuation in the market price of associated derivative commodity instruments.

Avista Corp. utilizes derivative instruments, such as forwards, futures, swap derivatives and options, to manage the various risks relating to these commodity price exposures. Avista Corp. has an energy resources risk policy and control procedures to manage these risks.

As part of Avista Corp.'s resource procurement and management operations in the electric business, Avista Corp. engages in an ongoing process of resource optimization, which involves the economic selection from available energy resources to serve Avista Corp.'s load obligations and the use of these resources to capture available economic value through wholesale market transactions. These include sales and purchases of electric capacity and energy, fuel for electric generation, and derivative contracts related to capacity, energy and fuel. Such transactions are part of the process of matching resources with load obligations and hedging a portion of the related financial risks. These transactions range from terms of intra-hour up to multiple years.

As part of its resource procurement and management of its natural gas business, Avista Corp. makes continuing projections of its natural gas loads and assesses available natural gas resources including natural gas storage availability. Natural gas resource planning typically includes peak requirements, low and average monthly requirements and delivery constraints from natural gas supply locations to Avista Corp.’s distribution system. However, daily variations in natural gas demand can be significantly different than monthly demand projections. Based on these projections, Avista Corp. plans and executes a series of transactions to hedge a portion of its projected natural gas requirements through forward market transactions and derivative instruments. These transactions may extend as much as three natural gas operating years (November through October) into the future. Avista Corp. also leaves a significant portion of its natural gas supply requirements unhedged for purchase in short-term and spot markets.

Avista Corp. plans for sufficient natural gas delivery capacity to serve its retail customers for a theoretical peak-day event. Avista Corp. generally has more pipeline and storage capacity than is needed during periods other than a peak-day. Avista Corp. optimizes its natural gas resources by using market opportunities to generate economic value that mitigates the fixed costs. Avista Corp. also optimizes its natural gas storage capacity by purchasing and storing natural gas when prices are traditionally lower, typically in the summer, and withdrawing during higher priced months, typically during the winter. However, if market conditions and prices indicate that Avista Corp. should buy or sell natural gas at other times during the year, Avista Corp. engages in optimization transactions to capture value in the marketplace. Natural gas optimization activities include, but are not limited to, wholesale market sales of surplus natural gas supplies, purchases and sales of natural gas to optimize use of pipeline and storage capacity, and participation in the transportation capacity release market.

The following table presents the underlying energy commodity derivative volumes as of March 31, 2025 expected to be delivered in each respective year (in thousands of MWhs and mmBTUs):


	Purchases								Sales
	Electric Derivatives				Gas Derivatives				Electric Derivatives				Gas Derivatives
Year	Physical (1) MWh		Financial (1) MWh		Physical (1) mmBTUs		Financial (1) mmBTUs		Physical (1) MWh		Financial (1) MWh		Physical (1) mmBTUs		Financial (1) mmBTUs
Remainder 2025		15		10		20,139		25,610		373		878		1,221		1,520
2026		—		—		19,470		15,753		—		—		1,597		—
2027		—		—		9,535		3,833		—		—		1,597		—
2028		—		—		455		683		—		—		1,222		—

As of March 31, 2025, there were no expected deliveries of energy commodity derivatives after 2028.

The following table presents the underlying energy commodity derivative volumes as of December 31, 2024 expected to be delivered in each respective year (in thousands of MWhs and mmBTUs):


	Purchases								Sales
	Electric Derivatives				Gas Derivatives				Electric Derivatives				Gas Derivatives
Year	Physical (1) MWh		Financial (1) MWh		Physical (1) mmBTUs		Financial (1) mmBTUs		Physical (1) MWh		Financial (1) MWh		Physical (1) mmBTUs		Financial (1) mmBTUs
2025		7		—		27,993		39,483		427		420		1,897		1,963
2026		—		—		17,560		13,175		—		—		—		—
2027		—		—		7,555		2,250		—		—		—		—

The electric and natural gas derivative contracts above will be included in either power supply costs or natural gas supply costs during the period they are scheduled to be delivered and will be included in the various deferral and recovery mechanisms (ERM, PCA and PGAs), or in the general rate case process, and are expected to be recovered through retail rates from customers.

A significant portion of Avista Corp.’s natural gas supply (including fuel for power generation) is obtained from Canadian sources. Most of those transactions are executed in U.S. dollars, which avoids foreign currency risk. A portion of Avista Corp.’s short-term natural gas transactions and long-term Canadian transportation contracts are committed based on Canadian currency prices. The short-term natural gas transactions are settled within 60 days with U.S. dollars. Avista Corp. hedges a portion of the foreign currency risk by purchasing Canadian currency exchange derivatives when such commodity transactions are initiated. The foreign currency exchange derivatives and the unhedged foreign currency risk have not had a material effect on Avista Corp.’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows and these differences in cost related to currency fluctuations are included with natural gas supply costs for ratemaking.

Avista Corp. is affected by fluctuating interest rates related to a portion of its existing debt, and future borrowing requirements. Avista Corp. may hedge a portion of its interest rate risk with financial derivative instruments, including interest rate swap derivatives. These interest rate swap derivatives are considered economic hedges against fluctuations in future cash flows associated with anticipated debt issuances.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was one interest rate swap derivative contract outstanding with a notional amount of $10 million and a mandatory cash settlement date in 2025.

The amounts recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 reflect the offsetting of derivative assets and liabilities where a legal right of offset exists.

The following table presents the fair values and locations of derivative instruments recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025 (dollars in millions):


	Fair Value
Derivative and Balance Sheet Location	Gross Asset		Gross Liability			Collateral Netted			Net Asset (Liability) on Balance Sheet
Interest rate swap derivatives
Other current assets	$	1	$	—		$	—		$	1
Energy commodity derivatives
Other current assets		32		(16	)		(2	)		14
Other current liabilities		1		(16	)		—			(15	)
Other non-current liabilities and deferred credits		4		(16	)		1			(11	)
Total derivative instruments recorded on the balance sheet	$	38	$	(48	)	$	(1	)	$	(11	)

The following table presents the fair values and locations of derivative instruments recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2024 (dollars in millions):


	Fair Value
Derivative and Balance Sheet Location	Gross Asset		Gross Liability			Collateral Netted		Net Asset (Liability) on Balance Sheet
Interest rate swap derivatives
Other current assets		1		—			—		1
Energy commodity derivatives
Other current assets		10		—			—		10
Other current liabilities		11		(48	)		23		(14	)
Other non-current liabilities and deferred credits		2		(16	)		1		(13	)
Total derivative instruments recorded on the balance sheet	$	24	$	(64	)	$	24	$	(16	)

Avista Corp.'s derivative contracts often require collateral (in the form of cash or letters of credit) or other credit enhancements, or reductions or terminations of a portion of the contract through cash settlement. In the event of changes in market prices or a downgrade in Avista Corp.'s credit ratings or other established credit criteria, additional collateral may be required. In periods of price volatility, the level of exposure can change significantly. As a result, sudden and significant demands may be made against Avista Corp.'s credit facilities and cash. Avista Corp. actively monitors the exposure to possible collateral calls and takes steps to mitigate capital requirements.