RISK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVE OF USING DERIVATIVES. We enter into derivative financial instruments to reduce the effects of volatility in foreign currency exchange exposure on operating results and cash flows. Our derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of cash receipts and cash payments principally related to our investments.

Certain of our foreign operations expose us to fluctuations of foreign exchange rates. These fluctuations may impact the value of our cash receipts and payments in terms of our functional currency.

NET INVESTMENT HEDGES. We are exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on investments we hold in foreign entities. We use debt denominated in foreign currency and fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swaps to hedge our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates on certain of our foreign investments. Cross-currency swaps involve the receipt of functional-currency-fixed rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for us making foreign-currency-fixed rate payments over the life of the agreement. Cross-currency swaps also involve final exchanges of the functional-currency principal amounts for the foreign-currency principal amounts between us and the counterparty.

For debt and foreign currency derivatives designated as net investment hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative is reported in AOCL as part of the cumulative translation adjustment. Amounts are reclassified out of AOCL into earnings when the hedged net investment is either sold or substantially liquidated.

As of May 31, 2024, we had €173 million of debt designated to reduce the volatility of the U.S. dollar value of a portion of our net investment in a euro-denominated consolidated subsidiary.

During 2024, we entered into certain foreign currency derivatives to hedge our net investments in foreign operations. The following foreign currency derivatives were outstanding as of May 31, 2024 (notional amounts in millions):


Foreign Currency Derivative	Number of Instruments		Notional Sold			Notional Purchased
Cross-currency swaps		4	€	(468	)	$	500

The following table presents the fair value of our derivatives, including their classification on the consolidated balance sheet, as of May 31, 2024 (in millions):

The estimated fair values were determined using pricing models that rely on market-based inputs such as foreign currency exchange rates and yield curves. The fair value of our derivative financial instruments is classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. This classification is defined as a fair value determined using market-based inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the derivative financial instruments, either directly or indirectly.

During 2024, we recognized a $6 million loss in AOCL related to our cross-currency swaps, which excludes any adjustments for the impact of deferred income taxes.

As of May 31, 2024, we have not posted any collateral related to our cross-currency swaps. No amounts have been reclassified out of AOCL during 2024 for our net investment hedges. As of May 31, 2024, our net investment hedges remain effective.

Balance Sheet Location

Asset Derivatives

Cross-currency swaps

Prepaid expenses and other

Liability Derivatives

Cross-currency swaps

Other liabilities