10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 ___________________________________

FORM 10-Q

___________________________________

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission File Number 1-14387

Commission File Number 1-13663

___________________________________ 

United Rentals, Inc.

United Rentals (North America), Inc.

(Exact Names of Registrants as Specified in Their Charters)

 ___________________________________

Delaware	06-1522496
Delaware	86-0933835
(States of Incorporation)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Nos.)
100 First Stamford Place, Suite 700
Stamford
Connecticut	06902
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrants’ Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (203) 622-3131 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value, of United Rentals, Inc.	URI	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    x  Yes    o  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x    No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	☒	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-Accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller Reporting Company	☐
Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    ☐Yes    x   No

As of April 24, 2023, there were 68,731,157 shares of United Rentals, Inc. common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding. There is no market for the common stock of United Rentals (North America), Inc., all outstanding shares of which are owned by United Rentals, Inc.

This combined Form 10-Q is separately filed by (i) United Rentals, Inc. and (ii) United Rentals (North America), Inc. (which is a wholly owned subsidiary of United Rentals, Inc.). United Rentals (North America), Inc. meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction (H)(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-Q and is therefore filing this report with the reduced disclosure format permitted by such instruction.

UNITED RENTALS, INC.

UNITED RENTALS (NORTH AMERICA), INC.

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2023

INDEX

		Page
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	6
	United Rentals, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	6
	United Rentals, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income	7
	United Rentals, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	8
	United Rentals, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	9
	United Rentals, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	10
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	11
Item 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	40
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	41
PART II	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1	Legal Proceedings	42
Item 1A	Risk Factors	42
Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	42
Item 6	Exhibits	43
	Signatures	44

3

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believe,” “expect,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seek,” “on-track,” “plan,” “project,” “forecast,” “intend” or “anticipate,” or the negative thereof or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy or outlook. You are cautioned that our business and operations are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, and, consequently, our actual results may differ materially from those projected.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected include, but are not limited to, the following:

•the impact of global economic conditions (including inflation, increased interest rates, supply chain constraints, potential trade wars and sanctions and other measures imposed in response to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine) and public health crises and epidemics on us, our customers and our suppliers, in the United States and the rest of the world;

•declines in construction or industrial activity, which could adversely impact our revenues and, because many of our costs are fixed, our profitability;

•rates we charge and time utilization we achieve being less than anticipated;

•changes in customer, fleet, geographic and segment mix;

•excess fleet in the equipment rental industry;

•inability to benefit from government spending, including spending associated with infrastructure projects;

•trends in oil and natural gas, including significant increases in the prices of oil or natural gas, could adversely affect the demand for our services and products;

•competition from existing and new competitors;

•the cyclical nature of the industry in which we operate and the industries of our customers, such as those in the construction industry;

•costs we incur being more than anticipated, including as a result of inflation, and the inability to realize expected savings in the amounts or time frames planned;

•our significant indebtedness (which totaled $11.6 billion at March 31, 2023) requires us to use a substantial portion of our cash flow for debt service and can constrain our flexibility in responding to unanticipated or adverse business conditions;

•inability to refinance our indebtedness on terms that are favorable to us, including as a result of volatility and uncertainty in capital or credit markets or increases in interest rates, or at all;

•incurrence of additional debt, which could exacerbate the risks associated with our current level of indebtedness;

•noncompliance with financial or other covenants in our debt agreements, which could result in our lenders terminating the agreements and requiring us to repay outstanding borrowings;

•restrictive covenants and the amount of borrowings permitted under our debt instruments, which can limit our financial and operational flexibility;

•inability to access the capital that our businesses or growth plans may require, including as a result of uncertainty in capital or credit markets;

•the possibility that companies that we have acquired or may acquire could have undiscovered liabilities, or that companies or assets that we have acquired or may acquire could involve other unexpected costs, may strain our management capabilities, or may be difficult to integrate, and that we may not realize the expected benefits from an acquisition over the timeframe we expect, or at all;

•incurrence of impairment charges;

•fluctuations in the price of our common stock and inability to complete stock repurchases in the time frame and/or on the terms anticipated;

•our charter provisions as well as provisions of certain debt agreements and our significant indebtedness may have the effect of making more difficult or otherwise discouraging, delaying or deterring a takeover or other change of control of us;

•inability to manage credit risk adequately or to collect on contracts with a large number of customers;

•turnover in our management team and inability to attract and retain key personnel, as well as loss, absenteeism or the inability of employees to work or perform key functions in light of public health crises or epidemics;

•inability to obtain equipment and other supplies for our business from our key suppliers on acceptable terms or at all, as a result of supply chain disruptions, insolvency, financial difficulties or other factors;

•increases in our maintenance and replacement costs and/or decreases in the residual value of our equipment;

•inability to sell our new or used fleet in the amounts, or at the prices, we expect;

4

•risks related to security breaches, cybersecurity attacks, failure to protect personal information, compliance with data protection laws and other significant disruptions in our information technology systems;

•risks related to climate change and climate change regulation;

•risks related to our ability to meet our environmental and social goals, including our greenhouse gas intensity reduction goal;

•the fact that our holding company structure requires us to depend in part on distributions from subsidiaries and such distributions could be limited by contractual or legal restrictions;

•shortfalls in our insurance coverage;

•increases in our loss reserves to address business operations or other claims and any claims that exceed our established levels of reserves;

•incurrence of additional expenses (including indemnification obligations) and other costs in connection with litigation, regulatory and investigatory matters;

•the costs of complying with environmental, safety and foreign laws and regulations, as well as other risks associated with non-U.S. operations, including currency exchange risk, and tariffs;

•the outcome or other potential consequences of regulatory matters and commercial litigation;

•labor shortages and/or disputes, work stoppages or other labor difficulties, which may impact our productivity and increase our costs, and changes in law that could affect our labor relations or operations generally; and

•the effect of changes in tax law.

For a more complete description of these and other possible risks and uncertainties, please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as well as to our subsequent filings with the SEC. Our forward-looking statements contained herein speak only as of the date hereof, and we make no commitment to update or publicly release any revisions to forward-looking statements in order to reflect new information or subsequent events, circumstances or changes in expectations.

5

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.Financial Statements

UNITED RENTALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions, except share data)

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	99	$	106
Accounts receivable, net	2,034		2,004
Inventory	222		232
Prepaid expenses and other assets	267		381
Total current assets	2,622		2,723
Rental equipment, net	13,521		13,277
Property and equipment, net	801		839
Goodwill	5,708		6,026
Other intangible assets, net	868		452
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,064		819
Other long-term assets	45		47
Total assets	$	24,629	$	24,183
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt	$	156	$	161
Accounts payable	1,117		1,139
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	1,007		1,145
Total current liabilities	2,280		2,445
Long-term debt	11,492		11,209
Deferred taxes	2,703		2,671
Operating lease liabilities	857		642
Other long-term liabilities	167		154
Total liabilities	17,499		17,121
Common stock—$0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 114,941,392 and 68,934,902 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, at March 31, 2023 and 114,758,508 and 69,356,981 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, at December 31, 2022	1		1
Additional paid-in capital	2,598		2,626
Retained earnings	10,003		9,656
Treasury stock at cost—46,006,490 and 45,401,527 shares at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	(5,208)		(4,957)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(264)		(264)
Total stockholders’ equity	7,130		7,062
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	24,629	$	24,183

See accompanying notes.

6

UNITED RENTALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(In millions, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Revenues:
Equipment rentals	$	2,740	$	2,175
Sales of rental equipment	388		211
Sales of new equipment	44		45
Contractor supplies sales	34		29
Service and other revenues	79		64
Total revenues	3,285		2,524
Cost of revenues:
Cost of equipment rentals, excluding depreciation	1,162		906
Depreciation of rental equipment	575		435
Cost of rental equipment sales	198		95
Cost of new equipment sales	36		37
Cost of contractor supplies sales	24		20
Cost of service and other revenues	49		39
Total cost of revenues	2,044		1,532
Gross profit	1,241		992
Selling, general and administrative expenses	382		323
Restructuring charge	1		—
Non-rental depreciation and amortization	118		97
Operating income	740		572
Interest expense, net	150		94
Other income, net	(4)		(5)
Income before provision for income taxes	594		483
Provision for income taxes	143		116
Net income	$	451	$	367
Basic earnings per share	$	6.50	$	5.07
Diluted earnings per share	$	6.47	$	5.05

See accompanying notes.

7

UNITED RENTALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

(In millions)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Net income	$	451	$	367
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments (1)	1		17
Fixed price diesel swaps	(1)		3
Other comprehensive (loss) income (1)	—		20
Comprehensive income	$	451	$	387

(1)There were no material reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss reflected in other comprehensive income (loss) during 2023 or 2022. There was no material tax impact related to the foreign currency translation adjustments. In 2021, we remitted the cumulative amount of identified cash in our foreign operations in excess of near-term working capital needs. We continue to expect that the remaining balance of our undistributed foreign earnings will be indefinitely reinvested. If we determine that all or a portion of such foreign earnings are no longer indefinitely reinvested, we may be subject to additional foreign withholding taxes and U.S. state income taxes. There were no material taxes associated with other comprehensive income (loss) during 2023 or 2022.

See accompanying notes.

8

UNITED RENTALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(In millions) 

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Common Stock							Treasury Stock
	Number of Shares (1)	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Number of Shares	Amount		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (2)
Balance at December 31, 2022	69	$	1	$	2,626	$	9,656	45	$	(4,957)	$	(264)
Net income						451
Dividends declared (3)						(104)
Foreign currency translation adjustments											1
Fixed price diesel swaps											(1)
Stock compensation expense, net	1			24
Tax withholding for share based compensation	—			(52)
Repurchase of common stock	(1)							1	(251)
Balance at March 31, 2023	69	$	1	$	2,598	$	10,003	46	$	(5,208)	$	(264)

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Common Stock							Treasury Stock
	Number of Shares (1)	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Number of Shares	Amount		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (2)
Balance at December 31, 2021	72	$	1	$	2,567	$	7,551	42	$	(3,957)	$	(171)
Net income						367
Foreign currency translation adjustments											17
Fixed price diesel swaps											3
Stock compensation expense, net	1			24
Tax withholding for share based compensation	—			(56)
Repurchase of common stock	(1)							1	(262)
Balance at March 31, 2022	72	$	1	$	2,535	$	7,918	43	$	(4,219)	$	(151)

(1)Common stock outstanding decreased by approximately three million net shares during the year ended December 31, 2022.

(2)The Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss balance primarily reflects foreign currency translation adjustments.

(3)In January 2023, our Board of Directors approved our first-ever quarterly dividend program (accordingly, there were no dividends declared during 2022). We declared dividends of $1.48 per share during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

See accompanying notes.

9

UNITED RENTALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(In millions)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net income	$	451	$	367
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	693		532
Amortization of deferred financing costs and original issue discounts	4		3
Gain on sales of rental equipment	(190)		(116)
Gain on sales of non-rental equipment	(4)		(2)
Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	(9)		(7)
Stock compensation expense, net	24		24
Restructuring charge	1		—
Increase in deferred taxes	35		37
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of amounts acquired:
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable	(13)		76
Increase in inventory	(2)		(13)
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets	125		61
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable	(25)		10
Decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities	(151)		(86)
Net cash provided by operating activities	939		886
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Purchases of rental equipment	(797)		(482)
Purchases of non-rental equipment and intangible assets	(73)		(55)
Proceeds from sales of rental equipment	388		211
Proceeds from sales of non-rental equipment	12		5
Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	9		7
Purchases of other companies, net of cash acquired	(299)		(77)
Purchases of investments	—		(3)
Net cash used in investing activities	(760)		(394)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Proceeds from debt	2,330		1,155
Payments of debt	(2,110)		(1,372)
Common stock repurchased, including tax withholdings for share based compensation	(303)		(318)
Dividends paid	(103)		—
Net cash used in financing activities	(186)		(535)
Effect of foreign exchange rates	—		—
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(7)		(43)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	106		144
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	99	$	101
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	29	$	10
Cash paid for interest	178		149

See accompanying notes.

10

UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

1. Organization, Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

United Rentals, Inc. (“Holdings,” “URI” or the “Company”) is principally a holding company and conducts its operations primarily through its wholly owned subsidiary, United Rentals (North America), Inc. (“URNA”), and subsidiaries of URNA. Holdings’ primary asset is its sole ownership of all issued and outstanding shares of common stock of URNA. URNA’s various credit agreements and debt instruments place restrictions on its ability to transfer funds to its shareholder.

We rent equipment to a diverse customer base that includes construction and industrial companies, manufacturers, utilities, municipalities, homeowners and government entities. We primarily operate in the United States and Canada, and have a limited presence in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to renting equipment, we sell new and used rental equipment, as well as related contractor supplies, parts and service.

We have prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with the accounting policies described in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Form 10-K”) and the interim reporting requirements of Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the 2022 Form 10-K.

In our opinion, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of financial condition, operating results and cash flows for the interim periods presented have been made. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results of the full year.

2. Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition Accounting Standards

We recognize revenue in accordance with two different accounting standards: 1) Topic 606 (which addresses revenue from contracts with customers) and 2) Topic 842 (which addresses lease revenue). Under Topic 606, revenue from contracts with customers is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with the customer, and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer, and is the unit of account under Topic 606. As reflected below, most of our revenue is accounted for under Topic 842. Our contracts with customers generally do not include multiple performance obligations. We recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for such products or services.

Nature of goods and services

11

UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

In the following table, revenue is summarized by type and by the applicable accounting standard.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
			2023						2022
	Topic 842		Topic 606		Total		Topic 842		Topic 606		Total
Revenues:
Owned equipment rentals	$	2,266	$	—	$	2,266	$	1,797	$	—	$	1,797
Re-rent revenue	52		—		52		49		—		49
Ancillary and other rental revenues:
Delivery and pick-up	—		203		203		—		157		157
Other	165		54		219		124		48		172
Total ancillary and other rental revenues	165		257		422		124		205		329
Total equipment rentals	2,483		257		2,740		1,970		205		2,175
Sales of rental equipment	—		388		388		—		211		211
Sales of new equipment	—		44		44		—		45		45
Contractor supplies sales	—		34		34		—		29		29
Service and other revenues	—		79		79		—		64		64
Total revenues	$	2,483	$	802	$	3,285	$	1,970	$	554	$	2,524

Revenues by reportable segment are presented in note 4 of the condensed consolidated financial statements, using the revenue captions reflected in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The majority of our revenue is recognized in our general rentals segment and in the U.S. (for the three months ended March 31, 2023, 75 percent and 91 percent, respectively). We believe that the disaggregation of our revenue from contracts to customers as reflected above, coupled with the further discussion below and the reportable segment disclosures in note 4, depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Lease revenues (Topic 842)

The accounting for the types of revenue that are accounted for under Topic 842 is discussed below.

Owned equipment rentals represent our most significant revenue type (they accounted for 69 percent of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023) and are governed by our standard rental contract. We account for such rentals as operating leases. The lease terms are included in our contracts, and the determination of whether our contracts contain leases generally does not require significant assumptions or judgments. Our lease revenues do not include material amounts of variable payments.

Owned equipment rentals: Owned equipment rentals represent revenues from renting equipment that we own. We do not generally provide an option for the lessee to purchase the rented equipment at the end of the lease, and do not generate material revenue from sales of equipment under such options.

We recognize revenues from renting equipment on a straight-line basis. Our rental contract periods are hourly, daily, weekly or monthly. By way of example, if a customer were to rent a piece of equipment and the daily, weekly and monthly rental rates for that particular piece were (in actual dollars) $100, $300 and $900, respectively, we would recognize revenue of $32.14 per day. The daily rate for recognition purposes is calculated by dividing the monthly rate of $900 by the monthly term of 28 days. This daily rate assumes that the equipment will be on rent for the full 28 days, as we are unsure of when the customer will return the equipment and therefore unsure of which rental contract period will apply.

As part of this straight-line methodology, when the equipment is returned, we recognize as incremental revenue the excess, if any, between the amount the customer is contractually required to pay, which is based on the rental contract period applicable to the actual number of days the equipment was out on rent, over the cumulative amount of revenue recognized to date. In any given accounting period, we will have customers return equipment and be contractually required to pay us more than the cumulative amount of revenue recognized to date under the straight-line methodology. For instance, continuing the above example, if the customer rented the above piece of equipment on December 29 and returned it at the close of business on January 1, we would recognize incremental revenue on January 1 of $171.44 (in actual dollars, representing the difference between the amount the customer is contractually required to pay, or $300 at the weekly rate, and the cumulative amount recognized to date on a straight-line basis, or $128.56, which represents four days at $32.14 per day).

12

UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

We record amounts billed to customers in excess of recognizable revenue as deferred revenue on our balance sheet. We had deferred revenue (associated with both Topic 842 and Topic 606) of $129 and $131 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

As noted above, we are unsure of when the customer will return rented equipment. As such, we do not know how much the customer will owe us upon return of the equipment and cannot provide a maturity analysis of future lease payments. Our equipment is generally rented for short periods of time. Lessees do not provide residual value guarantees on rented equipment.

We expect to derive significant future benefits from our equipment following the end of the rental term. Our rentals are generally short-term in nature, and our equipment is typically rented for the majority of the time that we own it. We additionally recognize revenue from sales of rental equipment when we dispose of the equipment.

Re-rent revenue: Re-rent revenue reflects revenues from equipment that we rent from vendors and then rent to our customers. We account for such rentals as subleases. The accounting for re-rent revenue is the same as the accounting for owned equipment rentals described above.

“Other” equipment rental revenue is primarily comprised of 1) Rental Protection Plan (or "RPP") revenue associated with the damage waiver customers can purchase when they rent our equipment to protect against potential loss or damage, 2) environmental charges associated with the rental of equipment, 3) charges for rented equipment that is damaged by our customers and 4) charges for setup and other services performed on rented equipment.

Revenues from contracts with customers (Topic 606)

The accounting for the types of revenue that are accounted for under Topic 606 is discussed below. Substantially all of our revenues under Topic 606 are recognized at a point-in-time rather than over time.

Delivery and pick-up: Delivery and pick-up revenue associated with renting equipment is recognized when the service is performed.

“Other” equipment rental revenue is primarily comprised of revenues associated with the consumption of fuel by our customers which are recognized when the equipment is returned by the customer (and consumption, if any, can be measured).

Sales of rental equipment, new equipment and contractor supplies are recognized at the time of delivery to, or pick-up by, the customer and when collectibility is probable.

Service and other revenues primarily represent revenues earned from providing repair and maintenance services on our customers’ fleet (including parts sales). Service revenue is recognized as the services are performed.

13

UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

Receivables and contract assets and liabilities

As reflected above, most of our equipment rental revenue is accounted for under Topic 842 (such revenue represented 76 percent of our total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023). The customers that are responsible for the remaining revenue that is accounted for under Topic 606 are generally the same customers that rent our equipment. We manage credit risk associated with our accounts receivables at the customer level. Because the same customers generate the revenues that are accounted for under both Topic 606 and Topic 842, the discussions below on credit risk and our allowance for credit losses address receivables arising from revenues from both Topic 606 and Topic 842.

Concentration of credit risk with respect to our receivables is limited because a large number of geographically diverse customers makes up our customer base. Our largest customer accounted for less than one percent of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and for each of the last three full years. Our customer with the largest receivable balance represented approximately one percent of total receivables at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. We manage credit risk through credit approvals, credit limits and other monitoring procedures.

Our allowance for credit losses reflects our estimate of the amount of our receivables that we will be unable to collect based on historical write-off experience and, as applicable, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectibility. Our estimate could require change based on changing circumstances, including changes in the economy or in the particular circumstances of individual customers. Accordingly, we may be required to increase or decrease our allowance. Trade receivables that have contractual maturities of one year or less are written-off when they are determined to be uncollectible based on the criteria necessary to qualify as a deduction for federal tax purposes. Write-offs of such receivables require management approval based on specified dollar thresholds. See the table below for a rollforward of our allowance for credit losses.

The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information from past events, including historical experiences, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectibility. Trade receivables are the only material financial asset we have that is subject to the requirement to measure expected credit losses as noted above, as this requirement does not apply to receivables arising from operating lease revenues. Substantially all of our non-lease trade receivables are due in one year or less. As discussed above, most of our equipment rental revenue is accounted for as lease revenue (such revenue represented 76 percent of our total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and these revenues account for corresponding portions of the $2.034 billion of net accounts receivable and the associated allowance for credit losses of $146 as of March 31, 2023).

As discussed above, most of our equipment rental revenue is accounted for under Topic 842. The customers that are responsible for the remaining revenue that is accounted for under Topic 606 are generally the same customers that rent our equipment. We manage credit risk associated with our accounts receivables at the customer level. The rollforward of our allowance for credit losses (in total, and associated with revenues arising from both Topic 606 and Topic 842) is shown below.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Beginning balance	$	134	$	112
Charged to costs and expenses (1)	3		1
Charged to revenue (2)	13		8
Deductions and other (3)	(4)		(5)
Ending balance	$	146	$	116

_________________

(1)    Reflects bad debt expenses recognized within selling, general and administrative expenses (associated with Topic 606 revenues).

(2)    Primarily reflects credit losses associated with lease revenues that were recognized as a reduction to equipment rentals revenue (primarily associated with Topic 842 revenues).

(3)    Primarily represents write-offs of accounts, net of immaterial recoveries and other activity.

We do not have material contract assets, or impairment losses associated therewith, or material contract liabilities, associated with contracts with customers. Our contracts with customers do not generally result in material amounts billed to

14

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

customers in excess of recognizable revenue. We did not recognize material revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022 that was included in the contract liability balance as of the beginning of such periods.

Performance obligations

Most of our Topic 606 revenue is recognized at a point-in-time, rather than over time. Accordingly, in any particular period, we do not generally recognize a significant amount of revenue from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods, and the amounts of such revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were not material. We also do not expect to recognize material revenue in the future related to performance obligations that were unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of March 31, 2023.

Payment terms

Our Topic 606 revenues do not include material amounts of variable consideration. Our payment terms vary by the type and location of our customer and the products or services offered. The time between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. Our contracts do not generally include a significant financing component. For certain products or services and customer types, we require payment before the products or services are delivered to the customer. Our contracts with customers do not generally result in significant obligations associated with returns, refunds or warranties. See above for a discussion of how we manage credit risk.

Revenue is recognized net of taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Contract costs

We do not recognize any assets associated with the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer (for example, a sales commission) that we expect to recover. Most of our revenue is recognized at a point-in-time or over a period of one year or less, and we use the practical expedient that allows us to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less.

Contract estimates and judgments

Our revenues accounted for under Topic 606 generally do not require significant estimates or judgments, primarily for the following reasons:

•The transaction price is generally fixed and stated in our contracts;

•As noted above, our contracts generally do not include multiple performance obligations, and accordingly do not generally require estimates of the standalone selling price for each performance obligation;

•Our revenues do not include material amounts of variable consideration, or result in significant obligations associated with returns, refunds or warranties; and

•Most of our revenue is recognized as of a point-in-time and the timing of the satisfaction of the applicable performance obligations is readily determinable. As noted above, our Topic 606 revenue is generally recognized at the time of delivery to, or pick-up by, the customer.

Our revenues accounted for under Topic 842 also generally do not require significant estimates or judgments. We monitor and review our estimated standalone selling prices on a regular basis.

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

3. Acquisitions

On December 7, 2022, we completed the acquisition of assets of Ahern Rentals, Inc. ("Ahern Rentals"), which was accounted for as a business combination. Ahern Rentals was the eighth largest equipment rental company in North America and served customers primarily in the construction and industrial sectors across 30 states. The acquisition:

• Increased capacity in key geographies, with concentrations on both U.S. coasts and in the Gulf region;

• Increased availability of high-demand aerial and material handling equipment for our customers; and

• Created immediate cross-sell opportunities to an expanded customer base.

The aggregate consideration paid to acquire Ahern Rentals was $2.012 billion. The acquisition and related fees and expenses were funded through the issuance of $1.5 billion principal amount of 6 percent Senior Secured Notes and drawings on our senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility (“ABL facility”).

The table below summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The initial accounting for the acquisition is incomplete, principally related to finalizing 1) the measurement of the acquired net working capital, 2) the valuation of the acquired rental equipment (inclusive of the completion of our usual and customary procedures to validate the existence of the acquired rental fleet) and intangible assets and 3) the associated income tax considerations. All amounts below could change, potentially materially, as there is significant additional information that we must obtain to finalize the valuations of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, primarily because of the proximity of the acquisition date to the balance sheet date of March 31, 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recognized measurement period adjustments primarily to establish preliminary values for intangibles assets and lease assets and liabilities. These adjustments resulted in a substantial reduction to goodwill versus the previously reported amount (see note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of goodwill changes). Non-rental depreciation and amortization for the three months ended March 31, 2023 includes $8 of intangible asset amortization that would have been recognized in 2022 if the intangible asset values had been preliminarily established as of December 31, 2022.

Inventory	$	30
Rental equipment	1,290
Property and equipment	187
Intangibles (1)	450
Operating lease right-of-use assets	211
Other assets	9
Total identifiable assets acquired	2,177
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(33)
Operating lease liabilities	(199)
Debt (finance leases)	(38)
Total liabilities assumed	(270)
Net identifiable assets acquired	1,907
Goodwill (2)	105
Net assets acquired	$	2,012

(1)The following table reflects the fair values and useful lives of the acquired intangible assets identified based on our preliminary purchase accounting assessments:

	Fair value		Life (years)
Customer relationships	$	260	9
Non-compete agreements	190		5
Total	$	450

(2)All of the goodwill was assigned to our general rentals segment. As noted above, we have not yet obtained all the information required to finalize the valuations of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. As such, goodwill could change from the amount noted above. Once finalized, we expect that the goodwill that results from the acquisition will be primarily reflective of Ahern Rentals' going-concern value, the value of Ahern Rentals' assembled workforce and new customer

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

relationships expected to arise from the acquisition. All of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes (because the acquisition is a purchase of assets, the goodwill that is deductible for income tax purposes equals the total acquired goodwill. As noted above, goodwill could change from the amount above).

The debt issuance costs associated with the issuance of debt to partially fund the acquisition are reflected, net of amortization subsequent to the acquisition date, in long-term debt in our consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, in the first quarter of 2023, we initiated a restructuring program following the closing of the Ahern Rentals acquisition. For additional information on the restructuring charges, which generally involve the closure of a large number of branches over a short period of time, often in periods following a major acquisition, see "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Results of Operations-Other costs/(income)-restructuring charges" below.

It is not practicable to reasonably estimate the amounts of revenue and earnings of Ahern Rentals since the acquisition date, primarily due to the movement of fleet between URI locations and the acquired Ahern Rentals locations, as well as our corporate structure and the allocation of corporate costs.

Pro forma financial information

The pro forma information below gives effect to the Ahern Rentals acquisition as if it had been completed on January 1, 2021. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of our results had the acquisition been completed on the above date, nor is it necessarily indicative of our future results. The pro forma information reflects Ahern Rentals’ historic revenue presented in accordance with our revenue mapping, does not reflect any cost savings from operating efficiencies or synergies that could result from the acquisition, and also does not reflect additional revenue opportunities following the acquisition. The pro forma information includes adjustments to record the acquired assets and liabilities of Ahern Rentals at their respective fair values and to give effect to the financing for the acquisition. The pro forma adjustments reflected in the table below are subject to change as additional analysis is performed. The purchase price allocations for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on preliminary valuations and are subject to change as we obtain additional information during the acquisition measurement period. Increases or decreases in the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired may impact our statements of income in future periods. The table below presents unaudited pro forma consolidated income statement information as if Ahern Rentals had been included in our consolidated results for the entire period reflected:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022
United Rentals historic revenues	$	2,524
Ahern Rentals historic revenues	203
Pro forma revenues	2,727
United Rentals historic pretax income	483
Ahern Rentals historic pretax (loss) income	(9)
Combined pretax income	474
Pro forma adjustments to combined pretax income:
Impact of fair value mark-ups/useful life changes on depreciation (1)	(25)
Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet on cost of rental equipment sales (2)	(10)
Intangible asset amortization (3)	(21)
Interest expense (4)	(25)
Elimination of historic interest (5)	13
Elimination of historic legal and financing costs (6)	2
Pro forma pretax income	$	408

________________

(1) Depreciation of rental equipment and non-rental depreciation were adjusted for the fair value mark-ups, and the changes in useful lives and salvage values, of the equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition.

(2) Cost of rental equipment sales was adjusted for the fair value mark-ups, and the changes in useful lives and salvage values, of rental equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

(3) Intangible asset amortization was adjusted to include amortization of the acquired intangible assets.

(4) As discussed above, the acquisition and related fees and expenses were funded through the issuance of senior notes and drawings on our ABL facility. Interest expense was adjusted to reflect interest on the debt used to finance the acquisition.

(5) Historic interest on debt that is not part of the combined entity was eliminated.

(6) Reflects legal and financing costs incurred by Ahern Rentals that do not relate to the combined entity (specifically, legal costs related to a particular lawsuit and costs related to an attempted financing).

During 2023 and 2022, we completed other acquisitions that were not significant individually or in the aggregate. See the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the total cash outflow for purchases of other companies, net of cash acquired.

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

4. Segment Information

Our reportable segments are i) general rentals and ii) specialty. For general rentals, the divisions discussed below, which are our operating segments, are aggregated into the reportable segment. The specialty segment is a single division that is both an operating segment and a reportable segment. We believe that the divisions that are aggregated into our reportable segments have similar economic characteristics, as each division is capital intensive, offers similar products to similar customers, uses similar methods to distribute its products, and is subject to similar competitive risks. The aggregation of our divisions also reflects the management structure that we use for making operating decisions and assessing performance. We evaluate segment performance primarily based on segment equipment rentals gross profit.

The general rentals segment includes the rental of i) general construction and industrial equipment, such as backhoes, skid-steer loaders, forklifts, earthmoving equipment and material handling equipment, ii) aerial work platforms, such as boom lifts and scissor lifts and iii) general tools and light equipment, such as pressure washers, water pumps and power tools. The general rentals segment reflects the aggregation of four geographic divisions—Central, Northeast, Southeast and West—and operates throughout the United States and Canada.

The specialty segment, which, as noted above, is a single division that is both an operating segment and a reportable segment, includes the rental of specialty construction products such as i) trench safety equipment, such as trench shields, aluminum hydraulic shoring systems, slide rails, crossing plates, construction lasers and line testing equipment for underground work, ii) power and HVAC equipment, such as portable diesel generators, electrical distribution equipment, and temperature control equipment, iii) fluid solutions equipment primarily used for fluid containment, transfer and treatment, and iv) mobile storage equipment and modular office space. The specialty segment’s customers include construction companies involved in infrastructure projects, municipalities and industrial companies. This segment primarily operates in the United States and Canada, and has a limited presence in Europe, Australia and New Zealand.

The following tables set forth financial information by segment.

	General rentals		Specialty		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Equipment rentals	$	2,018	$	722	$	2,740
Sales of rental equipment	350		38		388
Sales of new equipment	18		26		44
Contractor supplies sales	21		13		34
Service and other revenues	72		7		79
Total revenue	2,479		806		3,285
Depreciation and amortization expense	577		116		693
Equipment rentals gross profit	663		340		1,003
Capital expenditures	683		187		870
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Equipment rentals	$	1,593	$	582	$	2,175
Sales of rental equipment	184		27		211
Sales of new equipment	29		16		45
Contractor supplies sales	18		11		29
Service and other revenues	58		6		64
Total revenue	1,882		642		2,524
Depreciation and amortization expense	422		110		532
Equipment rentals gross profit	575		259		834
Capital expenditures	394		143		537

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total reportable segment assets
General rentals	$	19,944	$	19,604
Specialty	4,685		4,579
Total assets	$	24,629	$	24,183

 Equipment rentals gross profit is the primary measure management reviews to make operating decisions and assess segment performance. The following is a reconciliation of equipment rentals gross profit to income before provision for income taxes:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Total equipment rentals gross profit	$	1,003	$	834
Gross profit from other lines of business	238		158
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(382)		(323)
Restructuring charge (1)	(1)		—
Non-rental depreciation and amortization	(118)		(97)
Interest expense, net	(150)		(94)
Other income, net	4		5
Income before provision for income taxes	$	594	$	483

 ___________________

(1)Primarily reflects severance and branch closure charges associated with our restructuring programs. For additional information on the restructuring charges, which generally involve the closure of a large number of branches over a short period of time, often in periods following a major acquisition, see "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Results of Operations-Other costs/(income)-restructuring charges" below.

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

5. Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets

Prepaid expenses and other assets consist of the following:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Equipment (1)	$	12	$	17
Insurance	16		31
Advertising reimbursements (2)	19		25
Income taxes (3)	148		235
Other (4)	72		73
Prepaid expenses and other assets	$	267	$	381

_________________

(1)    Reflects refundable deposits on expected purchases, primarily of rental equipment, pursuant to advance purchase agreements. Such deposits are presented as a component of our cash flow from operations when paid.

(2)    Reflects reimbursements due for advertising that promotes a vendor’s products or services.

(3)    Primarily relates to tax depreciation benefits associated with the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. The tax depreciation deductions generated by the Ahern Rentals acquisition resulted in an income tax receivable associated with U.S. federal and state tax payments made prior to the acquisition. The decrease reflected above from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023 reflects the use of a portion of the receivable to reduce cash paid for income taxes, and we expect that the remaining receivable will further reduce the cash paid for income taxes throughout the remainder of 2023.

(4)    Includes multiple items, none of which are individually significant.

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	General rentals		Specialty		Total
Balance at January 1, 2023 (1)	$	4,980	$	1,046	$	6,026
Goodwill related to acquisitions (2)	(309)		(11)		(320)
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments	—		2		2
Balance at March 31, 2023 (1)	$	4,671	$	1,037	$	5,708

 

_________________

(1)The total carrying amount of goodwill for all periods in the table above is reflected net of $1.557 billion of accumulated impairment charges, which were primarily recorded in our general rentals segment.

(2)Includes goodwill adjustments for the effect on goodwill of changes to net assets acquired during the measurement period. The decrease in goodwill related to acquisitions above primarily reflects measurement period adjustments associated with the December 2022 acquisition of Ahern Rentals. For additional detail on the Ahern Rentals acquisition, see note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other intangible assets were comprised of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:  

	March 31, 2023
	Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization			Net Amount
Non-compete agreements	4 years		$	266		$	38		$	228
Customer relationships	6 years		$	2,647		$	2,011		$	636
Trade names and associated trademarks	3 years		$	14		$	10		$	4

	December 31, 2022
	Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization			Net Amount
Non-compete agreements	3 years		$	69		$	22		$	47
Customer relationships	5 years		$	2,349		$	1,949		$	400
Trade names and associated trademarks	3 years		$	14		$	9		$	5

Our other intangibles assets, net at March 31, 2023 include the assets set forth in the table below associated with the acquisition of Ahern Rentals that is discussed in note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. No residual value has been assigned to these assets. The non-compete agreements are being amortized on a straight-line basis and the customer relationships are being amortized using the sum of the years' digits method, and we believe that such methods best reflect the estimated pattern in which the economic benefits will be consumed. The intangible asset values are based on preliminary valuations and are subject to change as we obtain additional information during the acquisition measurement period.

	March 31, 2023
	Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements	5 years	$	177
Customer relationships	9 years	243

Amortization expense for other intangible assets was $79 and $62 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The year-over-year increase primarily reflects the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed above.

As of March 31, 2023, estimated amortization expense for other intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:  

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

2023		$	199
2024	211
2025	172
2026	130
2027	85
Thereafter	71
Total		$	868

7. Fair Value Measurements

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the amounts of our assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value were immaterial.

Fair value measurements are categorized in one of the following three levels based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety:

Level 1- Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2- Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities include:

a)quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

b)quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;

c)inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability;

d)inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, the Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3- Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity) and significant to the fair value measure.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts reported in our condensed consolidated balance sheets for accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities approximate fair value due to the immediate to short-term maturity of these financial instruments. The fair values of our variable rate debt facilities and finance leases approximated their book values as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The estimated fair values of our other financial instruments, all of which are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 have been calculated based upon available market information, and were as follows: 

	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Senior notes	$	7,714	$	7,311	$	7,712	$	7,143

8. Debt

Debt, net of unamortized original issue discounts or premiums, and unamortized debt issuance costs, consists of the following:

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Repurchase facility expiring 2023 (1)	$	100	$	100
Accounts receivable securitization facility expiring 2024 (1) (2)	879		959
Term loan facility expiring 2025 (1) (3)	951		953
$4.25 billion ABL facility expiring 2027 (1)	1,838		1,523
5 1/2 percent Senior Notes due 2027	498		498
3 7/8 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2027	745		744
4 7/8 percent Senior Notes due 2028 (4)	1,663		1,663
6 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2029	1,486		1,486
5 1/4 percent Senior Notes due 2030	744		744
4 percent Senior Notes due 2030	744		743
3 7/8 percent Senior Notes due 2031	1,090		1,090
3 3/4 percent Senior Notes due 2032	744		744
Finance leases	166		123
Total debt	11,648		11,370
Less short-term portion (5)	(156)		(161)
Total long-term debt	$	11,492	$	11,209

 ___________________

(1)The table below presents financial information associated with our variable rate indebtedness as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023. There is no borrowing capacity under the repurchase facility because it is an uncommitted facility. The repurchase facility expires on June 23, 2023 unless extended by the mutual consent of the parties to the repurchase facility agreement. If the facility is not extended, we believe we have sufficient liquidity to repay the outstanding debt under the facility. We have borrowed the full available amount under the term loan facility. The principal obligation under the term loan facility is required to be repaid in quarterly installments in an aggregate amount equal to 1.0 percent per annum, with the balance due at the maturity of the facility. The average amount of debt outstanding under the term loan facility decreases slightly each quarter due to the requirement to repay a portion of the principal obligation.

	ABL facility			Accounts receivable securitization facility			Term loan facility			Repurchase facility
Borrowing capacity, net of letters of credit	$	2,336		$	220		$	—
Letters of credit	67
Interest rate at March 31, 2023	5.9		%	5.7		%	6.6		%	5.9	%
Average month-end debt outstanding	1,750			966			957			100
Weighted-average interest rate on average debt outstanding	5.7		%	5.6		%	6.4		%	5.7	%
Maximum month-end debt outstanding	1,848			1,100			958			100

(2)Borrowings under the accounts receivable securitization facility are permitted only to the extent that the face amount of the receivables in the collateral pool, net of applicable reserves and other deductions, exceeds the outstanding loans. As of March 31, 2023, there were $1.348 billion of receivables, net of applicable reserves and other deductions, in the collateral pool.

(3)In April 2023, the term loan facility was amended to transition to an interest rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR").

(4)URNA separately issued 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes in August 2017 and in September 2017. Following the issuances, URNA consummated an exchange offer pursuant to which most of the 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes issued in September 2017 were exchanged for additional notes fungible with the 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes issued in August 2017. As of March 31, 2023, the total above is comprised of two separate 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes, one with a book value of $1.659 billion and one with a book value of $4.

(5)Short-term debt primarily reflects borrowings under the repurchase facility and the short-term portion of our finance leases.

Loan Covenants and Compliance

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UNITED RENTALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with the covenants and other provisions of the ABL, accounts receivable securitization, term loan and repurchase facilities and the senior notes. Any failure to be in compliance with any material provision or covenant of these agreements could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and operations.

The only financial covenant that currently exists under the ABL facility is the fixed charge coverage ratio. Subject to certain limited exceptions specified in the ABL facility, the fixed charge coverage ratio covenant under the ABL facility will only apply in the future if specified availability under the ABL facility falls below 10 percent of the maximum revolver amount under the ABL facility. When certain conditions are met, cash and cash equivalents and borrowing base collateral in excess of the ABL facility size may be included when calculating specified availability under the ABL facility. As of March 31, 2023, specified availability under the ABL facility exceeded the required threshold and, as a result, this financial covenant was inapplicable. Under our accounts receivable securitization facility, we are required, among other things, to maintain certain financial tests relating to: (i) the default ratio, (ii) the delinquency ratio, (iii) the dilution ratio and (iv) days sales outstanding. The accounts receivable securitization facility also requires us to comply with the fixed charge coverage ratio under the ABL facility, to the extent the ratio is applicable under the ABL facility.

9. Legal and Regulatory Matters

We are subject to a number of claims and proceedings that generally arise in the ordinary course of our business. These matters include, but are not limited to, general liability claims (including personal injury, property and auto claims), indemnification and guarantee obligations, employee injuries and employment-related claims, self-insurance obligations, contract and real estate matters, and other general business litigation. Based on advice of counsel and available information, including current status or stage of proceeding, and taking into account accruals for matters where we have established them, we currently believe that any liabilities ultimately resulting from such claims and proceedings will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

10. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (shares in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income available to common stockholders	451		367
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share—weighted-average common shares	69,414		72,372
Effect of dilutive securities:
Employee stock options	4		4
Restricted stock units	327		308
Denominator for diluted earnings per share—adjusted weighted-average common shares	69,745		72,684
Basic earnings per share	$	6.50	$	5.07
Diluted earnings per share	$	6.47	$	5.05

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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (dollars in millions, except per share data, unless otherwise indicated)

Global Economic Conditions

Our operations are impacted by global economic conditions, including inflation, increased interest rates and supply chain constraints, and we take actions to modify our plans to address such economic conditions. In 2022, for example, we intentionally held back on sales of rental equipment to ensure we had sufficient rental capacity for our customers. To date, our supply chain disruptions have been limited, but we may experience more severe supply chain disruptions in the future. Interest rates on our debt instruments have increased recently. For example, in November 2022, URNA issued $1.5 billion aggregate principal amount of senior secured notes at a 6 percent interest rate, while URNA's immediately prior issuance in August 2021 of $750 aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes was at a 3 ¾ percent interest rate. Additionally, the weighted average interest rates on our variable debt instruments were 5.9 percent and 1.6 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We have experienced and are continuing to experience inflationary pressures. A portion of inflationary cost increases is passed on to customers. The most significant cost increases that are passed on to customers are for fuel and delivery, and there are other costs for which the pass through to customers is less direct, such as repairs and maintenance, and labor. The impact of inflation and increased interest rates may be significant in the future.

We also continue to monitor any developments relating to the coronavirus (“COVID-19”). The health and safety of our employees and customers has been, and remains, our top priority, and we also implemented a detailed COVID-19 response plan, which we believe helped mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on our results. The COVID-19 impact on our business was most pronounced in 2020, and we have seen evidence of a continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets since 2021. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed in 2021 and 2020 include detailed disclosures addressing the COVID-19 impact on our business.

We continue to assess the economic environment in which we operate and any developments relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, and take appropriate actions to address the economic and other challenges we face.

Executive Overview

We are the largest equipment rental company in the world, with an integrated network of 1,525 rental locations. We primarily operate in the United States and Canada, and have a limited presence in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Although the equipment rental industry is highly fragmented and diverse, we believe that we are well positioned to take advantage of this environment because, as a larger company, we have more extensive resources and certain competitive advantages. These include a fleet of rental equipment with a total original equipment cost (“OEC”) of $20.0 billion, and a North American branch network that operates in 49 U.S. states and every Canadian province, and serves 99 of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the U.S. Our size also gives us greater purchasing power, the ability to provide customers with a broader range of equipment and services, the ability to provide customers with equipment that is more consistently well-maintained and therefore more productive and reliable, and the ability to enhance the earning potential of our assets by transferring equipment among branches to satisfy customer needs.

We offer approximately 4,700 classes of equipment for rent to a diverse customer base that includes construction and industrial companies, manufacturers, utilities, municipalities, homeowners and government entities. Our revenues are derived from the following sources: equipment rentals, sales of rental equipment, sales of new equipment, contractor supplies sales and service and other revenues. Equipment rentals represented 83 percent of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

For the past several years, as we continued to manage the impact of COVID-19, we executed a strategy focused on improving the profitability of our core equipment rental business through revenue growth, margin expansion and operational efficiencies. In particular, we have focused on customer segmentation, customer service differentiation, rate management, fleet management and operational efficiency. Our general strategy focuses on profitability and return on invested capital, and, in particular, calls for:

•A consistently superior standard of service to customers, often provided through a single lead contact who can coordinate the cross-selling of the various services we offer throughout our network. We utilize a proprietary software application, Total Control®, which provides our key customers with a single in-house software application that enables them to monitor and manage all their equipment needs. Total Control® is a unique customer offering that enables us to develop strong, long-term relationships with our larger customers. Our digital capabilities, including our Total Control® platform, allow our sales teams to provide contactless end-to-end customer service;

•The further optimization of our customer mix and fleet mix, with a dual objective: to enhance our performance in serving our current customer base, and to focus on the accounts and customer types that are best suited to our strategy for profitable growth. We believe these efforts will lead to even better service of our target accounts, primarily large construction and industrial customers, as well as select local contractors. Our fleet team's analyses

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are aligned with these objectives to identify trends in equipment categories and define action plans that can generate improved returns;

•A continued focus on “Lean” management techniques, including kaizen processes focused on continuous improvement. We have a dedicated team responsible for reducing waste in our operational processes, with the objectives of: condensing the cycle time associated with preparing equipment for rent; optimizing our resources for delivery and pickup of equipment; improving the effectiveness and efficiency of our repair and maintenance operations; and implementing customer service best practices;

•The continued expansion and cross-selling of adjacent specialty and services products, which enables us to provide a "one-stop" shop for our customers. We believe that the expansion of our specialty business, as exhibited by our acquisition of General Finance Corporation ("General Finance") in May 2021, as well as our tools and onsite services offerings, will further position United Rentals as a single source provider of total jobsite solutions through our extensive product and service resources and technology offerings; and

•The pursuit of strategic acquisitions to continue to expand our core equipment rental business, as exhibited by our recently completed acquisition of assets of Ahern Rentals, which is discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. Strategic acquisitions allow us to invest our capital to expand our business, further driving our ability to accomplish our strategic goals.

Financial Overview

Prior to taking actions pertaining to our financial flexibility and liquidity, we assess our available sources and anticipated uses of cash, including, with respect to sources, cash generated from operations and from the sale of rental equipment. As of March 31, 2023, we had available liquidity of $2.655 billion, comprised of cash and cash equivalents, and availability under the ABL and accounts receivable securitization facilities.

In October 2022, our Board of Directors authorized a $1.25 billion share repurchase program. This program was paused through the initial phase of the integration of the Ahern Rentals acquisition, and repurchases began in the first quarter of 2023. We expect to repurchase $1.0 billion of common stock under the program in 2023, and have repurchased $250 under the program through March 31, 2023. A 1 percent excise tax is imposed on “net repurchases” (certain purchases minus certain issuances) of common stock. The repurchases above (as well as the total program size and expected 2023 repurchases) do not include the excise tax, which totaled $1 year-to-date through March 31, 2023.

Our Board of Directors also approved our first-ever quarterly dividend program in January 2023, and the first dividend under the program was paid in February 2023. We did not pay any dividends prior to 2023, and during the three months ended March 31, 2023, we paid dividends totaling $103 ($1.48 per share). On April 26, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $1.48 per share, payable on May 24, 2023 to stockholders of record on May 10, 2023.

Net income. Net income and diluted earnings per share are presented below.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Net income	$	451	$	367
Diluted earnings per share	$	6.47	$	5.05

Net income and diluted earnings per share include the after-tax impacts of the items below. The tax rates applied to the items below reflect the statutory rates in the applicable entities.

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	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023					2022
Tax rate applied to items below	25.3		%			25.3		%
	Contribution to net income (after-tax)			Impact on diluted earnings per share		Contribution to net income (after-tax)			Impact on diluted earnings per share
Merger related intangible asset amortization (1)	$	(49)		$	(0.70)	$	(37)		$	(0.52)
Impact on depreciation related to acquired fleet and property and equipment (2)	(22)			(0.32)		(7)			(0.10)
Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet (3)	(31)			(0.44)		(5)			(0.06)
Restructuring charge (4)	(1)			(0.02)		—			—

(1)This reflects the amortization of the intangible assets acquired in the major acquisitions that significantly impact our operations (the "major acquisitions," each of which had annual revenues of over $200 prior to acquisition). The increase in 2023 primarily reflects the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition.

(2)This reflects the impact of extending the useful lives of equipment acquired in certain major acquisitions, net of the impact of additional depreciation associated with the fair value mark-up of such equipment. The increase in 2023 primarily reflects the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition.

(3)This reflects additional costs recorded in cost of rental equipment sales associated with the fair value mark-up of rental equipment acquired in certain major acquisitions that was subsequently sold. The increase in 2023 primarily reflects the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition.

(4)This primarily reflects severance and branch closure charges associated with our restructuring programs. For additional information on the restructuring charges, which generally involve the closure of a large number of branches over a short period of time, often in periods following a major acquisition, see "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Results of Operations-Other costs/(income)-restructuring charges" below.

EBITDA GAAP Reconciliations. EBITDA represents the sum of net income, provision for income taxes, interest expense, net, depreciation of rental equipment and non-rental depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA represents EBITDA plus the sum of the restructuring charges, stock compensation expense, net and the impact of the fair value mark-up of the acquired fleet. See below for further detail on each adjusting item. These items are excluded from adjusted EBITDA internally when evaluating our operating performance and for strategic planning and forecasting purposes, and allow investors to make a more meaningful comparison between our core business operating results over different periods of time, as well as with those of other similar companies. The net income and adjusted EBITDA margins represent net income or adjusted EBITDA divided by total revenue. Management believes that EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA, when viewed with the Company’s results under GAAP and the accompanying reconciliations, provide useful information about operating performance and period-over-period growth, and provide additional information that is useful for evaluating the operating performance of our core business without regard to potential distortions. Additionally, management believes that EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA help investors gain an understanding of the factors and trends affecting our ongoing cash earnings, from which capital investments are made and debt is serviced. However, EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are not measures of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and, accordingly, should not be considered as alternatives to net income or cash flow from operating activities as indicators of operating performance or liquidity.

The table below provides a reconciliation between net income and EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA: 

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	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023			2022
Net income	$	451		$	367
Provision for income taxes	143			116
Interest expense, net	150			94
Depreciation of rental equipment	575			435
Non-rental depreciation and amortization	118			97
EBITDA	$	1,437		$	1,109
Restructuring charge (1)	1			—
Stock compensation expense, net (2)	24			24
Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet (3)	41			6
Adjusted EBITDA	$	1,503		$	1,139
Net income margin	13.7		%	14.5		%
Adjusted EBITDA margin	45.8		%	45.1		%

The table below provides a reconciliation between net cash provided by operating activities and EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	939	$	886
Adjustments for items included in net cash provided by operating activities but excluded from the calculation of EBITDA:
Amortization of deferred financing costs and original issue discounts	(4)		(3)
Gain on sales of rental equipment	190		116
Gain on sales of non-rental equipment	4		2
Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	9		7
Restructuring charge (1)	(1)		—
Stock compensation expense, net (2)	(24)		(24)
Changes in assets and liabilities	117		(34)
Cash paid for interest	178		149
Cash paid for income taxes, net	29		10
EBITDA	$	1,437	$	1,109
Add back:
Restructuring charge (1)	1		—
Stock compensation expense, net (2)	24		24
Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet (3)	41		6
Adjusted EBITDA	$	1,503	$	1,139

 ___________________

(1)This primarily reflects severance and branch closure charges associated with our restructuring programs. For additional information on the restructuring charges, which generally involve the closure of a large number of branches over a short period of time, often in periods following a major acquisition, see "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Results of Operations-Other costs/(income)-restructuring charges" below.

(2)Represents non-cash, share-based payments associated with the granting of equity instruments.

(3)This reflects additional costs recorded in cost of rental equipment sales associated with the fair value mark-up of rental equipment acquired in certain major acquisitions that was subsequently sold. The increase in 2023 primarily reflects the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition.

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For the three months ended March 31, 2023, net income increased $84, or 22.9 percent, and net income margin decreased 80 basis points to 13.7 percent. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, adjusted EBITDA increased $364, or 32.0 percent, and adjusted EBITDA margin increased 70 basis points to 45.8 percent.

The year-over-year decrease in net income margin primarily reflects lower gross margins, primarily due to the Ahern Rentals acquisition, from equipment rentals and sales of rental equipment, and increased net interest expense, partially offset by reductions in selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense and non-rental depreciation and amortization as a percentage of revenue, and revenue mix benefits. Depreciation and repairs and maintenance expenses for the rental equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition were higher than for our other rental equipment, which negatively impacted equipment rentals gross margin year-over-year. Net interest expense increased $56, or 59.6 percent, primarily due to increased average debt, including the debt issued to partially fund the Ahern Rentals acquisition, and higher variable debt interest rates (as noted above, the weighted average interest rates on our variable debt instruments were 5.9 percent and 1.6 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively). The favorable margin impact of SG&A expense and non-rental depreciation and amortization both reflect better fixed cost absorption on higher revenue.

The increase in the adjusted EBITDA margin primarily reflects reduced SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue and revenue mix benefits, partially offset by a 60 basis point decrease in equipment rentals gross margin (excluding depreciation and stock compensation expense).The favorable margin impact of SG&A expense reflects better fixed cost absorption on higher revenue. The decreased gross margin from equipment rentals (excluding depreciation and stock compensation expense) primarily reflects the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition (in particular, repairs and maintenance expense for the rental equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition was higher than for our other rental equipment, which negatively impacted equipment rentals gross margin year-over-year).

Revenues are noted below. Fleet productivity is a comprehensive metric that provides greater insight into the decisions made by our managers in support of equipment rental growth and returns. Specifically, we seek to optimize the interplay of rental rates, time utilization and mix to drive rental revenue. Fleet productivity aggregates, in one metric, the impact of changes in rates, utilization and mix on owned equipment rental revenue. We believe that this metric is useful in assessing the effectiveness of our decisions on rates, time utilization and mix, particularly as they support the creation of shareholder value. The table below includes the components of the year-over-year change in rental revenue using the fleet productivity methodology.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022		Change
Equipment rentals*	$	2,740	$	2,175	26.0	%
Sales of rental equipment	388		211		83.9	%
Sales of new equipment	44		45		(2.2)	%
Contractor supplies sales	34		29		17.2	%
Service and other revenues	79		64		23.4	%
Total revenues	$	3,285	$	2,524	30.2	%
*Equipment rentals variance components:
Year-over-year change in average OEC					25.6	%
Assumed year-over-year inflation impact (1)					(1.5)	%
Fleet productivity (2)					2.0	%
Contribution from ancillary and re-rent revenue (3)					(0.1)	%
Total change in equipment rentals					26.0	%
*Pro forma equipment rentals variance components (4):
Year-over-year change in average OEC					12.2	%
Assumed year-over-year inflation impact (1)					(1.5)	%
Fleet productivity (2)					5.9	%
Contribution from ancillary and re-rent revenue (3)					—	%
Total change in equipment rentals					16.6	%

 ___________________

(1)Reflects the estimated impact of inflation on the revenue productivity of fleet based on OEC, which is recorded at cost.

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(2)Reflects the combined impact of changes in rental rates, time utilization, and mix that contribute to the variance in owned equipment rental revenue. See note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the different types of equipment rentals revenue. Rental rate changes are calculated based on the year-over-year variance in average contract rates, weighted by the prior period revenue mix. Time utilization is calculated by dividing the amount of time an asset is on rent by the amount of time the asset has been owned during the year. Mix includes the impact of changes in customer, fleet, geographic and segment mix.

(3)Reflects the combined impact of changes in the other types of equipment rentals revenue (see note 2 for further detail), excluding owned equipment rental revenue.

(4)As discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, we completed the acquisition of Ahern Rentals in December 2022. The pro forma information includes the standalone, pre-acquisition results of Ahern Rentals.

Equipment rentals include our revenues from renting equipment, as well as revenue related to the fees we charge customers: for equipment delivery and pick-up; to protect the customer against liability for damage to our equipment while on rent; for fuel; and for environmental and other miscellaneous costs and services. Sales of rental equipment represent our revenues from the sale of used rental equipment. Sales of new equipment represent our revenues from the sale of new equipment. Contractor supplies sales represent our sales of supplies utilized by contractors, which include construction consumables, tools, small equipment and safety supplies. Services and other revenues primarily represent our revenues earned from providing repair and maintenance services on our customers’ fleet (including parts sales). See note 2 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our revenue recognition accounting.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, total revenues of $3.285 billion increased 30.2 percent compared with 2022. Equipment rentals and sales of rental equipment are our largest revenue types (together, they accounted for 95 percent of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023). Equipment rentals increased $565, or 26.0 percent, primarily due to a 25.6 percent increase in average OEC. The increase in average OEC includes the impact of the acquisition of Ahern Rentals that is discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as increased capital expenditures. On a pro forma basis including the pre-acquisition results of Ahern Rentals, year-over-year, equipment rentals increased 16.6 percent, primarily reflecting an increase in average OEC of 12.2 percent and increased fleet productivity of 5.9 percent. Beginning in 2021 and continuing through March 31, 2023, we have seen evidence of a continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets. Sales of rental equipment increased 83.9 percent year-over-year, primarily reflecting the normalization of volumes, after we intentionally held back on sales of rental equipment in 2022 to ensure sufficient rental capacity for our customers, as well as the impact of sales of rental equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition. Pricing on sales of rental equipment remains strong.

Results of Operations

As discussed in note 4 to our condensed consolidated financial statements, our reportable segments are general rentals and specialty. The general rentals segment includes the rental of construction, aerial, industrial and homeowner equipment and related services and activities. The general rentals segment’s customers include construction and industrial companies, manufacturers, utilities, municipalities, homeowners and government entities. This segment operates throughout the United States and Canada. The specialty segment includes the rental of specialty construction products such as i) trench safety equipment, such as trench shields, aluminum hydraulic shoring systems, slide rails, crossing plates, construction lasers and line testing equipment for underground work, ii) power and HVAC equipment, such as portable diesel generators, electrical distribution equipment, and temperature control equipment, iii) fluid solutions equipment primarily used for fluid containment, transfer and treatment, and iv) mobile storage equipment and modular office space. The specialty segment’s customers include construction companies involved in infrastructure projects, municipalities and industrial companies. This segment primarily operates in the United States and Canada, and has a limited presence in Europe, Australia and New Zealand.

As discussed in note 4 to our condensed consolidated financial statements, we aggregate our four geographic divisions—Central, Northeast, Southeast and West—into our general rentals reporting segment. Historically, there have occasionally been variances in the levels of equipment rentals gross margins achieved by these divisions, though such variances have generally been small (close to or less than 10 percent, measured versus the equipment rentals gross margins of the aggregated general rentals' divisions). For the five year period ended March 31, 2023, there was no general rentals' division with an equipment rentals gross margin that differed materially from the equipment rentals gross margin of the aggregated general rentals' divisions. The rental industry is cyclical, and there historically have occasionally been divisions with equipment rentals gross margins that varied by greater than 10 percent from the equipment rentals gross margins of the aggregated general rentals' divisions, though the specific divisions with margin variances of over 10 percent have fluctuated, and such variances have generally not exceeded 10 percent by a significant amount. We monitor the margin variances and confirm margin similarity between divisions on a quarterly basis.

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We believe that the divisions that are aggregated into our segments have similar economic characteristics, as each division is capital intensive, offers similar products to similar customers, uses similar methods to distribute its products, and is subject to similar competitive risks. The aggregation of our divisions also reflects the management structure that we use for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Although we believe aggregating these divisions into our reporting segments for segment reporting purposes is appropriate, to the extent that there are significant margin variances that do not converge, we may be required to disaggregate the divisions into separate reporting segments. Any such disaggregation would have no impact on our consolidated results of operations.

These reporting segments align our external segment reporting with how management evaluates business performance and allocates resources. We evaluate segment performance primarily based on segment equipment rentals gross profit. Our revenues, operating results, and financial condition fluctuate from quarter to quarter reflecting the seasonal rental patterns of our customers, with rental activity tending to be lower in the winter.

Revenues by segment were as follows: 

	General rentals		Specialty		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Equipment rentals	$	2,018	$	722	$	2,740
Sales of rental equipment	350		38		388
Sales of new equipment	18		26		44
Contractor supplies sales	21		13		34
Service and other revenues	72		7		79
Total revenue	$	2,479	$	806	$	3,285
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Equipment rentals	$	1,593	$	582	$	2,175
Sales of rental equipment	184		27		211
Sales of new equipment	29		16		45
Contractor supplies sales	18		11		29
Service and other revenues	58		6		64
Total revenue	$	1,882	$	642	$	2,524

Equipment rentals represented 83 percent of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, equipment rentals of $2.740 billion increased $565, or 26.0 percent, as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to a 25.6 percent increase in average OEC. The increase in average OEC includes the impact of the acquisition of Ahern Rentals that is discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as increased capital expenditures. On a pro forma basis including the pre-acquisition results of Ahern Rentals, year-over-year, equipment rentals increased 16.6 percent, primarily reflecting an increase in average OEC of 12.2 percent and increased fleet productivity of 5.9 percent. Beginning in 2021 and continuing through March 31, 2023, we have seen evidence of a continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, equipment rentals represented 81 percent of total revenues for the general rentals segment. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, general rentals equipment rentals increased $425, or 26.7 percent, as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to the continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets and increased average OEC, which includes the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition as well as increased capital expenditures. On a pro forma basis including the pre-acquisition results of Ahern Rentals, year-over-year, equipment rentals increased 14.3 percent, primarily reflecting increases in average OEC and fleet productivity. As noted above, beginning in 2021 and continuing through March 31, 2023, we have seen evidence of a continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, equipment rentals represented 90 percent of total revenues for the specialty segment. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, specialty equipment rentals increased $140, or 24.1 percent, as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to the continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets and increased average OEC. As noted above, beginning in 2021 and continuing through March 31, 2023, we have seen evidence of a continuing recovery of activity across our end-markets.

Sales of rental equipment. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, sales of rental equipment represented approximately 12 percent of our total revenues. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, sales of rental equipment increased

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83.9 percent year-over-year, primarily reflecting the normalization of volumes, after we intentionally held back on sales of rental equipment in 2022 to ensure sufficient rental capacity for our customers, as well as the impact of sales of rental equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition. Pricing on sales of rental equipment remains strong.

Sales of new equipment. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, sales of new equipment represented approximately 1 percent of our total revenues. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, sales of new equipment did not change significantly year-over-year.

Contractor supplies sales represent our revenues associated with selling a variety of supplies, including construction consumables, tools, small equipment and safety supplies. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, contractor supplies sales represented approximately 1 percent of our total revenues. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, contractor supplies sales did not change significantly year-over-year.

Service and other revenues primarily represent our revenues earned from providing repair and maintenance services on our customers’ fleet (including parts sales). For the three months ended March 31, 2023, service and other revenues represented approximately 2 percent of our total revenues. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, service and other revenues increased 23.4 percent year-over-year, primarily due to growth initiatives.

Segment Equipment Rentals Gross Profit

Segment equipment rentals gross profit and gross margin were as follows:

	General rentals			Specialty			Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Equipment Rentals Gross Profit	$	663		$	340		$	1,003
Equipment Rentals Gross Margin	32.9		%	47.1		%	36.6		%
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Equipment Rentals Gross Profit	$	575		$	259		$	834
Equipment Rentals Gross Margin	36.1		%	44.5		%	38.3		%

General rentals. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, equipment rentals gross profit increased by $88, and equipment rentals gross margin decreased by 320 basis points, from 2022, primarily due to the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition. As a percentage of revenue, depreciation and repairs and maintenance expenses for the rental equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition were higher than for our other rental equipment, which negatively impacted equipment rentals gross margin year-over-year.

Specialty. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, equipment rentals gross profit increased by $81, and equipment rentals gross margin increased by 260 basis points, from 2022. Gross margin increased primarily due to better cost performance and fixed cost absorption on higher revenue.

Gross Margin. Gross margins by revenue classification were as follows:  

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023	2022	Change
Total gross margin	37.8%	39.3%	(150) bps
Equipment rentals	36.6%	38.3%	(170) bps
Sales of rental equipment	49.0%	55.0%	(600) bps
Sales of new equipment	18.2%	17.8%	40 bps
Contractor supplies sales	29.4%	31.0%	(160) bps
Service and other revenues	38.0%	39.1%	(110) bps

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, total gross margin decreased 150 basis points from the same period in 2022. Equipment rentals gross margin decreased 170 basis points from 2022, primarily due to the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition. As a percentage of revenue, depreciation and repairs and maintenance expenses for the rental equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition were higher than for our other rental equipment, which negatively impacted equipment rentals gross margin year-over-year. Gross margin from sales of rental equipment decreased 600 basis points from the same period in 2022, primarily due to the impact of lower margin sales of rental equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition. The equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition was recorded at fair value as of the December 2022 acquisition date, and

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the gross margins on the sale of such acquired equipment were less than the gross margins achieved upon the sale of other rental equipment. As reflected in the above gross margin, pricing on sales of rental equipment remains strong. The gross margin fluctuations from sales of new equipment, contractor supplies sales and service and other revenues generally reflect normal variability, and such revenue types did not account for a significant portion of total gross profit (gross profit for these revenue types represented 4 percent of total gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2023).

Other costs/(income)

The table below includes the other costs/(income) in our condensed consolidated statements of income, as well as key associated metrics:    

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023	2022	Change
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense	$382	$323	18.3%
SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue	11.6%	12.8%	(120) bps
Restructuring charge	1	—	—%
Non-rental depreciation and amortization	118	97	21.6%
Interest expense, net	150	94	59.6%
Other income, net	(4)	(5)	(20.0)%
Provision for income taxes	143	116	23.3%
Effective tax rate	24.1%	24.0%	10 bps

SG&A expense primarily includes sales force compensation, information technology costs, third party professional fees, management salaries, bad debt expense and clerical and administrative overhead. SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased from the same period in 2022 primarily due to better fixed cost absorption on higher revenue (in particular, salaries and benefits declined as a percentage of revenue).

The restructuring charges primarily reflect severance and branch closure charges associated with our restructuring programs. We incur severance costs and branch closure charges in the ordinary course of our business. We only include such costs that are part of a restructuring program as restructuring charges. The designated restructuring programs generally involve the closure of a large number of branches over a short period of time, often in periods following a major acquisition, and result in significant costs that we would not normally incur absent a major acquisition or other triggering event that results in the initiation of a restructuring program. Since the first such program was initiated in 2008, we have completed six restructuring programs and have incurred total restructuring charges of $353.

In the first quarter of 2023, we initiated a restructuring program following the closing of the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed above. We expect to complete the restructuring program in 2023, and we currently expect to incur approximately $15 of additional expenses under the program. As of March 31, 2023, the total liability associated with our open and closed restructuring programs was $6.

Non-rental depreciation and amortization includes i) the amortization of other intangible assets and ii) depreciation expense associated with equipment that is not offered for rent (such as computers and office equipment) and amortization expense associated with leasehold improvements. Our other intangible assets consist of customer relationships, non-compete agreements and trade names and associated trademarks. The year-over-year increase in non-rental depreciation and amortization primarily reflects the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed above.

Interest expense, net for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased 59.6 percent year-over-year, primarily due to increased average debt, including the debt issued to partially fund the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed above, and higher variable debt interest rates. The weighted average interest rates on our variable debt instruments were 5.9 percent and 1.6 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Other (income) expense, net primarily includes i) currency gains and losses, ii) finance charges, iii) gains and losses on sales of non-rental equipment and iv) other miscellaneous items.

The effective tax rates for 2023 and 2022 differed from the federal statutory rate of 21 percent primarily due to the geographical mix of income between foreign and domestic operations, the impact of state and local taxes, stock compensation, other deductible and nondeductible charges. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 did not change significantly year-over-year.

Balance sheet. Prepaid expenses and other assets decreased by $114, or 29.9 percent, from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023, primarily due to the use of a portion of a tax receivable associated with the Ahern Rentals acquisition to reduce

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cash paid for income taxes (see note 5 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further detail). Accrued expenses and other liabilities decreased by $138, or 12.1 percent, from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023, primarily due to the payment of accrued bonuses. Operating lease right-of-use assets increased by $245, or 29.9 percent, and operating lease liabilities increased by $215, or 33.5 percent, from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023, and both increases primarily reflect the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition, as discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. See the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for further information on changes in cash and cash equivalents, the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity for further information on changes in stockholders’ equity and note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information on debt changes.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We manage our liquidity using internal cash management practices, which are subject to (i) the policies and cooperation of the financial institutions we utilize to maintain and provide cash management services, (ii) the terms and other requirements of the agreements to which we are a party and (iii) the statutes, regulations and practices of each of the local jurisdictions in which we operate.

On October 24, 2022, our Board of Directors authorized a $1.25 billion share repurchase program. This program was paused through the initial phase of the integration of the Ahern Rentals acquisition, and repurchases began in the first quarter of 2023. We expect to repurchase $1.0 billion of common stock under the program in 2023, and have repurchased $250 under the program through March 31, 2023. A 1 percent excise tax is imposed on “net repurchases” (certain purchases minus certain issuances) of common stock. The repurchases above (as well as the total program size and expected 2023 repurchases) do not include the excise tax, which totaled $1 year-to-date through March 31, 2023. Since 2012, we have repurchased a total of $5.208 billion (inclusive of immaterial excise taxes, which were first imposed in 2023) of Holdings' common stock under our share repurchase programs (comprised of seven programs that have ended and the current program).

Our Board of Directors also approved our first-ever quarterly dividend program in January 2023, and the first dividend under the program was paid in February 2023. We did not pay any dividends prior to 2023, and during the three months ended March 31, 2023, we paid dividends totaling $103 ($1.48 per share). On April 26, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $1.48 per share, payable on May 24, 2023 to stockholders of record on May 10, 2023.

Our principal existing sources of cash are cash generated from operations and from the sale of rental equipment, and borrowings available under our ABL facility and accounts receivable securitization facility. As of March 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $99. We believe that our existing sources of cash will be sufficient to support our existing operations over the next 12 months. The table below presents financial information associated with our principal sources of cash as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

ABL facility:
Borrowing capacity, net of letters of credit	$	2,336
Outstanding debt, net of debt issuance costs	1,838
Interest rate at March 31, 2023	5.9		%
Average month-end principal amount of debt outstanding	1,750
Weighted-average interest rate on average debt outstanding	5.7		%
Maximum month-end principal amount of debt outstanding	1,848
Accounts receivable securitization facility:
Borrowing capacity	220
Outstanding debt, net of debt issuance costs	879
Interest rate at March 31, 2023	5.7		%
Average month-end principal amount of debt outstanding	966
Weighted-average interest rate on average debt outstanding	5.6		%
Maximum month-end principal amount of debt outstanding	1,100

We expect that our principal needs for cash relating to our operations over the next 12 months will be to fund (i) operating activities and working capital, (ii) the purchase of rental equipment and inventory items offered for sale, (iii) payments due under operating leases, (iv) debt service, (v) share repurchases, (vi) dividends and (vii) acquisitions. We plan to fund such cash requirements from our existing sources of cash. In addition, we may seek additional financing through the securitization of some of our real estate, the use of additional operating leases or other financing sources as market conditions permit.

To access the capital markets, we rely on credit rating agencies to assign ratings to our securities as an indicator of credit quality. Lower credit ratings generally result in higher borrowing costs and reduced access to debt capital markets. Credit ratings also affect the costs of derivative transactions, including interest rate and foreign currency derivative transactions. As a result, negative changes in our credit ratings could adversely impact our costs of funding. Our credit ratings as of April 24, 2023 were as follows: 

	Corporate Rating	Outlook
Moody’s	Ba1	Stable
Standard & Poor’s	BB+	Stable

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A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. There is no assurance that any rating will remain in effect for a given period of time or that any rating will not be revised or withdrawn by a rating agency in the future.

Loan Covenants and Compliance. As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with the covenants and other provisions of the ABL, accounts receivable securitization, term loan and repurchase facilities and the senior notes. Any failure to be in compliance with any material provision or covenant of these agreements could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and operations.

The only financial covenant that currently exists under the ABL facility is the fixed charge coverage ratio. Subject to certain limited exceptions specified in the ABL facility, the fixed charge coverage ratio covenant under the ABL facility will only apply in the future if specified availability under the ABL facility falls below 10 percent of the maximum revolver amount under the ABL facility. When certain conditions are met, cash and cash equivalents and borrowing base collateral in excess of the ABL facility size may be included when calculating specified availability under the ABL facility. As of March 31, 2023, specified availability under the ABL facility exceeded the required threshold and, as a result, this financial covenant was inapplicable. Under our accounts receivable securitization facility, we are required, among other things, to maintain certain financial tests relating to: (i) the default ratio, (ii) the delinquency ratio, (iii) the dilution ratio and (iv) days sales outstanding. The accounts receivable securitization facility also requires us to comply with the fixed charge coverage ratio under the ABL facility, to the extent the ratio is applicable under the ABL facility.

URNA’s payment capacity is restricted under the covenants in the ABL and term loan facilities and the indentures governing its outstanding indebtedness. Although this restricted capacity limits our ability to move operating cash flows to Holdings, because of certain intercompany arrangements, we do not expect any material adverse impact on Holdings’ ability to meet its cash obligations.

Sources and Uses of Cash. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we (i) generated cash from operating activities of $939, (ii) generated cash from the sale of rental and non-rental equipment of $400 and (iii) received cash from debt proceeds, net of payments, of $220. We used cash during this period principally to (i) purchase rental and non-rental equipment and intangible assets of $870, (ii) purchase other companies for $299 (iii) purchase shares of our common stock for $303 and (iv) pay dividends of $103. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we (i) generated cash from operating activities of $886 and (ii) generated cash from the sale of rental and non-rental equipment of $216. We used cash during this period principally to (i) purchase rental and non-rental equipment and intangible assets of $537, (ii) purchase other companies for $77, (iii) make debt payments, net of proceeds, of $217 and (iv) purchase shares of our common stock for $318.

Free Cash Flow GAAP Reconciliation. We define “free cash flow” as net cash provided by operating activities less purchases of, and plus proceeds from, equipment and intangible assets. The equipment and intangible asset purchases and proceeds are included in cash flows from investing activities. Management believes that free cash flow provides useful additional information concerning cash flow available to meet future debt service obligations and working capital requirements. However, free cash flow is not a measure of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP. Accordingly, free cash flow should not be considered an alternative to net income or cash flow from operating activities as an indicator of operating performance or liquidity. The table below provides a reconciliation between net cash provided by operating activities and free cash flow.

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	939	$	886
Purchases of rental equipment	(797)		(482)
Purchases of non-rental equipment and intangible assets	(73)		(55)
Proceeds from sales of rental equipment	388		211
Proceeds from sales of non-rental equipment	12		5
Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	9		7
Free cash flow	$	478	$	572

Free cash flow for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $478, a decrease of $94 as compared to $572 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Free cash flow decreased primarily due to increased net rental capital expenditures (purchases of rental equipment less the proceeds from sales of rental equipment), partially offset by increased net cash provided by operating activities. Net rental capital expenditures increased $138 year-over-year.

Relationship between Holdings and URNA. Holdings is principally a holding company and primarily conducts its operations through its wholly owned subsidiary, URNA, and subsidiaries of URNA. Holdings licenses its tradename and other

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intangibles and provides certain services to URNA in connection with its operations. These services principally include: (i) senior management services; (ii) finance and tax-related services and support; (iii) information technology systems and support; (iv) acquisition-related services; (v) legal services; and (vi) human resource support. In addition, Holdings leases certain equipment and real property that are made available for use by URNA and its subsidiaries.

Information Regarding Guarantors of URNA Indebtedness

URNA is 100 percent owned by Holdings and has certain outstanding indebtedness that is guaranteed by both Holdings and, with the exception of its U.S. special purpose vehicle which holds receivable assets relating to the Company’s accounts receivable securitization facility (the “SPV”), captive insurance subsidiary and immaterial subsidiaries acquired in connection with the General Finance acquisition, all of URNA’s U.S. subsidiaries (the “guarantor subsidiaries”). Other than the guarantee by our Canadian subsidiary of URNA's indebtedness under the ABL facility, none of URNA’s indebtedness is guaranteed by URNA's foreign subsidiaries, the SPV, captive insurance subsidiary or immaterial subsidiaries acquired in connection with the General Finance acquisition (together, the “non-guarantor subsidiaries”). The receivable assets owned by the SPV have been sold or contributed by URNA to the SPV and are not available to satisfy the obligations of URNA or Holdings’ other subsidiaries. Holdings consolidates each of URNA and the guarantor subsidiaries in its consolidated financial statements. URNA and the guarantor subsidiaries are all 100 percent-owned and controlled by Holdings. Holdings’ guarantees of URNA’s indebtedness are full and unconditional, except that the guarantees may be automatically released and relieved upon satisfaction of the requirements for legal defeasance or covenant defeasance under the applicable indenture being met. The Holdings guarantees are also subject to subordination provisions (to the same extent that the obligations of the issuer under the relevant notes are subordinated to other debt of the issuer) and to a standard limitation which provides that the maximum amount guaranteed by Holdings will not exceed the maximum amount that can be guaranteed without making the guarantee void under fraudulent conveyance laws.

The guarantees of Holdings and the guarantor subsidiaries are made on a joint and several basis. The guarantees of the guarantor subsidiaries are not full and unconditional because a guarantor subsidiary can be automatically released and relieved of its obligations under certain circumstances, including sale of the guarantor subsidiary, the sale of all or substantially all of the guarantor subsidiary's assets, the requirements for legal defeasance or covenant defeasance under the applicable indenture being met, designating the guarantor subsidiary as an unrestricted subsidiary for purposes of the applicable covenants or the notes being rated investment grade by both Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., or, in certain circumstances, another rating agency selected by URNA. Like the Holdings guarantees, the guarantees of the guarantor subsidiaries are subject to subordination provisions (to the same extent that the obligations of the issuer under the relevant notes are subordinated to other debt of the issuer) and to a standard limitation which provides that the maximum amount guaranteed by each guarantor will not exceed the maximum amount that can be guaranteed without making the guarantee void under fraudulent conveyance laws.

All of the existing guarantees by Holdings and the guarantor subsidiaries rank equally in right of payment with all of the guarantors' existing and future senior indebtedness. The secured indebtedness of Holdings and the guarantor subsidiaries (including guarantees of URNA’s existing and future secured indebtedness) will rank effectively senior to guarantees of any unsecured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. Future guarantees of subordinated indebtedness will rank junior to any existing and future senior indebtedness of the guarantors. The guarantees of URNA’s indebtedness are effectively junior to any indebtedness of our subsidiaries that are not guarantors, including our foreign subsidiaries. As of March 31, 2023, the indebtedness of our non-guarantors was comprised of (i) $879 of outstanding borrowings by the SPV in connection with the Company’s accounts receivable securitization facility, (ii) $117 of outstanding borrowings under the ABL facility by non-guarantor subsidiaries and (iii) $8 of finance leases of our non-guarantor subsidiaries.

Covenants in the ABL facility, accounts receivable securitization and term loan facilities, and the other agreements governing our debt, impose operating and financial restrictions on URNA, Holdings and the guarantor subsidiaries, including limitations on the ability to make share repurchases and dividend payments. As of March 31, 2023, the amount available for distribution under the most restrictive of these covenants was $1.158 billion. The Company’s total available capacity for making share repurchases and dividend payments includes the intercompany receivable balance of Holdings. As of March 31, 2023, our total available capacity for making share repurchases and dividend payments, which includes URNA’s capacity to make restricted payments and the intercompany receivable balance of Holdings, was $6.185 billion.

Based on our understanding of Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X ("Rule 3-10"), we believe that Holdings’ guarantees of URNA indebtedness comply with the conditions set forth in Rule 3-10, which enable us to present summarized financial information for Holdings, URNA and the consolidated guarantor subsidiaries in accordance with Rule 13-01 of Regulation S-X. The summarized financial information excludes the financial information of the non-guarantor subsidiaries. In accordance with Rule 3-10, separate financial statements of the guarantor subsidiaries have not been presented. Our presentation below excludes the investment in the non-guarantor subsidiaries and the related income from the non-guarantor subsidiaries.

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The summarized financial information of Holdings, URNA and the guarantor subsidiaries on a combined basis is as follows:

	March 31, 2023
Current receivable from non-guarantor subsidiaries	$23
Other current assets	466
Total current assets	489
Long-term receivable from non-guarantor subsidiaries	100
Other long-term assets	20,168
Total long-term assets	20,268
Total assets	20,757
Current liabilities	1,998
Long-term liabilities	13,981
Total liabilities	15,979
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Total revenues	$2,983
Gross profit	1,126
Net income	387

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Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Our exposure to market risk primarily consists of (i) interest rate risk associated with our variable and fixed rate debt and (ii) foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with our foreign operations.

Interest Rate Risk. As of March 31, 2023, we had an aggregate of $3.8 billion of indebtedness that bears interest at variable rates, comprised of borrowings under the ABL, accounts receivable securitization, term loan and repurchase facilities. The amount of variable rate indebtedness outstanding under these facilities may fluctuate significantly. See note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for the amounts outstanding, and the interest rates thereon, as of March 31, 2023 under these facilities. As of March 31, 2023, based upon the amount of our variable rate debt outstanding, our annual after-tax earnings would decrease by approximately $28 for each one percentage point increase in the interest rates applicable to our variable rate debt.

At March 31, 2023, we had an aggregate of $7.9 billion of indebtedness that bears interest at fixed rates. A one percentage point decrease in market interest rates as of March 31, 2023 would increase the fair value of our fixed rate indebtedness by approximately six percent. For additional information concerning the fair value of our fixed rate debt, see note 7 (see “Fair Value of Financial Instruments”) to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Currency Exchange Risk. We primarily operate in the U.S. and Canada, and have a limited presence in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, our foreign subsidiaries accounted for $301, or 9 percent, of our total revenue of $3.285 billion, and $57, or 10 percent, of our total pretax income of $594. Based on the size of our foreign operations relative to the Company as a whole, we do not believe that a 10 percent change in exchange rates would have a material impact on our earnings. We do not engage in purchasing forward exchange contracts for speculative purposes.

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Item 4.Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The Company’s management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–15(e) of the Exchange Act, as of March 31, 2023. Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2023.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.Legal Proceedings

The information set forth under note 9 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q is incorporated by reference in answer to this item.

Item 1A.Risk Factors

Our results of operations and financial condition are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties described in our 2022 Form 10-K, which risk factors are incorporated herein by reference. You should carefully consider the risk factors in our 2022 Form 10-K in conjunction with the other information contained in this report. Should any of these risks materialize, our business, financial condition and future prospects could be negatively impacted.

Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(c) The following table provides information about purchases of Holdings’ common stock by Holdings during the first quarter of 2023:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)	Maximum Dollar Amount of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program (2)
January 1, 2023 to January 31, 2023	63,945	(1)	$	391.95	—
February 1, 2023 to February 28, 2023	110,898	(1)	$	450.63	109,836
March 1, 2023 to March 31, 2023	553,458	(1)	$	411.01	495,127
Total	728,301		$	415.37	604,963	$	1,000,001,111

(1)In January 2023, February 2023 and March 2023, 63,945, 1,062 and 58,331 shares, respectively, were withheld by Holdings to satisfy tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of restricted stock unit awards. These shares were not acquired pursuant to any repurchase plan or program.

(2)On October 24, 2022, our Board authorized a $1.25 billion share repurchase program, which was paused through the initial phase of the integration of the Ahern Rentals acquisition that is discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. Repurchases under the program began in the first quarter of 2023, and we expect to repurchase $1.0 billion of common stock under the program in 2023. A 1 percent excise tax is imposed on “net repurchases” (certain purchases minus certain issuances) of common stock. The repurchases above (as well as the total program size and expected 2023 repurchases) do not include the excise tax, which totaled $1 million year-to-date through March 31, 2023.

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Item 6.Exhibits

2(a)	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 30, 2018, by and among United Rentals, Inc., UR Merger Sub IV Corporation and BakerCorp International Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 2, 2018)
2(b)	Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 11, 2022, by and among United Rentals (North America), Inc., Ahern Rentals, Inc., and Xtreme Re-Rental, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 14, 2022)
2(c)	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated April 15, 2021, by and among General Finance Corporation, United Rentals (North America), Inc., and UR Merger Sub VI Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by United Rentals, Inc. on April 15, 2021)
3(a)	Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of United Rentals, Inc., dated May 7, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 8, 2020)
3(b)	Second Amended and Restated By-Laws of United Rentals, Inc., amended as of May 5, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 5, 2022)
3(c)	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of United Rentals (North America), Inc., dated April 30, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(c) of the United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013)
3(d)	By-laws of United Rentals (North America), Inc. dated May 8, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(d) of the United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013)
10	Employment Agreement, effective as of July 29, 2022, between United Rentals, Inc. and William Edward Grace (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by United Rentals, Inc. on July 22, 2022)
22	Subsidiary Guarantors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 22 of the United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022)
31(a)*	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification by Chief Executive Officer
31(b)*	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification by Chief Financial Officer
32(a)**	Section 1350 Certification by Chief Executive Officer
32(b)**	Section 1350 Certification by Chief Financial Officer
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*    Filed herewith.

**    Furnished (and not filed) herewith pursuant to Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		UNITED RENTALS, INC.
Dated:	April 26, 2023	By:	/S/ ANDREW B. LIMOGES
			Andrew B. Limoges Vice President, Controller and Principal Accounting Officer
		UNITED RENTALS (NORTH AMERICA), INC.
Dated:	April 26, 2023	By:	/S/ ANDREW B. LIMOGES
			Andrew B. Limoges Vice President, Controller and Principal Accounting Officer

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EX-31.A

Exhibit 31(a)

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Matthew J. Flannery, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrants as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrants' other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrants and have:

a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrants, including their consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants' disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and.

d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrants' internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrants' most recent fiscal quarter (the registrants' fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrants' internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrants' other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrants' auditors and the audit committee of the registrants' board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrants' ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrants' internal control over financial reporting.

/S/    MATTHEW J. FLANNERY

Matthew J. Flannery

Chief Executive Officer

April 26, 2023

EX-31.B

Exhibit 31(b)

CERTIFICATIONS

I, William E. Grace, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrants as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrants' other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrants and have:

a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrants, including their consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants' disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and.

d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrants' internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrants' most recent fiscal quarter (the registrants' fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrants' internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrants' other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrants' auditors and the audit committee of the registrants' board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrants' ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrants' internal control over financial reporting.

/S/    WILLIAM E. GRACE 

William E. Grace

Chief Financial Officer

April 26, 2023

EX-32.A

Exhibit 32(a)

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. (the “Companies”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Matthew J. Flannery, Chief Executive Officer of the Companies, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

1.the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (15 U.S.C. 78m); and

2.the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Companies.

/S/    MATTHEW J. FLANNERY

Matthew J. Flannery

Chief Executive Officer

April 26, 2023

EX-32.B

Exhibit 32(b)

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of United Rentals, Inc. and United Rentals (North America), Inc. (the “Companies”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, William E. Grace, Chief Financial Officer of the Companies, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

1.the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (15 U.S.C. 78m); and

2.the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Companies.

/S/    WILLIAM E. GRACE

William E. Grace

Chief Financial Officer

April 26, 2023

XML

Cover - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Apr. 24, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-14387
Entity Registrant Name	United Rentals, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	06-1522496
Entity Address, Address Line One	100 First Stamford Place
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 700
Entity Address, City or Town	Stamford
Entity Address, State or Province	CT
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	06902
City Area Code	203
Local Phone Number	622-3131
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $.01 par value, of United Rentals, Inc.
Trading Symbol	URI
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		68,731,157
Entity Central Index Key	0001067701
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 99	$ 106
Accounts receivable, net	2,034	2,004
Inventory	222	232
Prepaid expenses and other assets	267	381
Total current assets	2,622	2,723
Goodwill	5,708	6,026
Other intangible assets, net	868	452
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,064	819
Other long-term assets	45	47
Total assets	24,629	24,183
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt	156	161
Accounts payable	1,117	1,139
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	1,007	1,145
Total current liabilities	2,280	2,445
Long-term debt	11,492	11,209
Deferred taxes	2,703	2,671
Operating lease liabilities	857	642
Other long-term liabilities	167	154
Total liabilities	17,499	17,121
Common stock—$0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 114,941,392 and 68,934,902 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, at March 31, 2023 and 114,758,508 and 69,356,981 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, at December 31, 2022	1	1
Additional paid-in capital	2,598	2,626
Retained earnings	10,003	9,656
Treasury stock at cost—46,006,490 and 45,401,527 shares at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	(5,208)	(4,957)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(264)	(264)
Total stockholders’ equity	7,130	7,062
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)	24,629	24,183
Rental equipment, net
ASSETS
Equipment	13,521	13,277
Property and equipment, net
ASSETS
Equipment	$ 801	$ 839

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	114,941,392	114,758,508
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	68,934,902	69,356,981
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)	46,006,490	45,401,527

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 3,285	$ 2,524
Cost of revenues:
Cost of equipment rentals, excluding depreciation	1,162	906
Depreciation of rental equipment	575	435
Total cost of revenues	2,044	1,532
Gross profit	1,241	992
Selling, general and administrative expenses	382	323
Restructuring charge	1	0
Non-rental depreciation and amortization	118	97
Operating income (loss)	740	572
Interest expense, net	150	94
Other income, net	(4)	(5)
Income before provision for income taxes	594	483
Provision for income taxes	143	116
Net income	$ 451	$ 367
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 6.50	$ 5.07
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 6.47	$ 5.05
Equipment rentals
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 2,740	$ 2,175
Sales of rental equipment
Revenues:
Revenues	388	211
Cost of revenues:
Cost of goods and services sold	198	95
Sales of new equipment
Revenues:
Revenues	44	45
Cost of revenues:
Cost of goods and services sold	36	37
Contractor supplies sales
Revenues:
Revenues	34	29
Cost of revenues:
Cost of goods and services sold	24	20
Service and other revenues
Revenues:
Revenues	79	64
Cost of revenues:
Cost of goods and services sold	$ 49	$ 39

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income		$ 451	$ 367
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	[1]	1	17
Fixed price diesel swaps		(1)	3
Other comprehensive (loss) income (1)		0	20
Comprehensive income (loss)	[1]	$ 451	$ 387

[1] There were no material reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss reflected in other comprehensive income (loss) during 2023 or 2022. There was no material tax impact related to the foreign currency translation adjustments. In 2021, we remitted the cumulative amount of identified cash in our foreign operations in excess of near-term working capital needs. We continue to expect that the remaining balance of our undistributed foreign earnings will be indefinitely reinvested. If we determine that all or a portion of such foreign earnings are no longer indefinitely reinvested, we may be subject to additional foreign withholding taxes and U.S. state income taxes. There were no material taxes associated with other comprehensive income (loss) during 2023 or 2022.

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Reclassification from AOCI, current period, net of tax, attributable to parent	$ 0	$ 0
Other comprehensive income (loss), foreign currency translation adjustment, tax, portion attributable to parent	0	0
Other comprehensive income (loss), tax, portion attributable to parent	$ 0	$ 0

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED) - USD ($)		Total		Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	[2]
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	[1]			72,000,000
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021				$ 1,000,000		$ 2,567,000,000	$ 7,551,000,000	$ (3,957,000,000)	$ (171,000,000)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021								42,000,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income		$ 367,000,000					367,000,000
Foreign currency translation adjustments		17,000,000	[3]						17,000,000
Fixed price diesel swaps		3,000,000							3,000,000
Stock compensation expense, net						24,000,000
Tax withholding for share based compensation						(56,000,000)
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)				(1,000,000)	[1]			(1,000,000)
Repurchase of common stock								$ (262,000,000)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	[1]			72,000,000
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022				$ 1,000,000		2,535,000,000	7,918,000,000	$ (4,219,000,000)	(151,000,000)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022								43,000,000
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	[1]			72,000,000
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021				$ 1,000,000		2,567,000,000	7,551,000,000	$ (3,957,000,000)	(171,000,000)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021								42,000,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Dividends declared		$ 0
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		69,356,981		69,000,000	[1]
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022		$ 7,062,000,000		$ 1,000,000		2,626,000,000	9,656,000,000	$ (4,957,000,000)	(264,000,000)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		45,401,527						45,000,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income		$ 451,000,000					451,000,000
Dividends declared	[4]						(104,000,000)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		1,000,000	[3]						1,000,000
Fixed price diesel swaps		$ (1,000,000)							(1,000,000)
Stock compensation expense, net (in shares)	[1]			1,000,000
Stock compensation expense, net						24,000,000
Tax withholding for share based compensation						(52,000,000)
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)				(1,000,000)	[1]			(1,000,000)
Repurchase of common stock								$ (251,000,000)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		68,934,902		69,000,000	[1]
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023		$ 7,130,000,000		$ 1,000,000		$ 2,598,000,000	$ 10,003,000,000	$ (5,208,000,000)	$ (264,000,000)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		46,006,490						46,000,000

[1] Common stock outstanding decreased by approximately three million net shares during the year ended December 31, 2022.

[2] The Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss balance primarily reflects foreign currency translation adjustments.

[3] There were no material reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss reflected in other comprehensive income (loss) during 2023 or 2022. There was no material tax impact related to the foreign currency translation adjustments. In 2021, we remitted the cumulative amount of identified cash in our foreign operations in excess of near-term working capital needs. We continue to expect that the remaining balance of our undistributed foreign earnings will be indefinitely reinvested. If we determine that all or a portion of such foreign earnings are no longer indefinitely reinvested, we may be subject to additional foreign withholding taxes and U.S. state income taxes. There were no material taxes associated with other comprehensive income (loss) during 2023 or 2022.

[4] In January 2023, our Board of Directors approved our first-ever quarterly dividend program (accordingly, there were no dividends declared during 2022). We declared dividends of $1.48 per share during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) shares in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Dividends declared		$ 0
Dividends declared (in usd per share)	$ 1.48
Common Stock
Change in common stock outstanding (in shares, approximately)		(3)

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net income	$ 451	$ 367
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	693	532
Amortization of deferred financing costs and original issue discounts	4	3
Gain on sales of rental equipment	(190)	(116)
Gain on sales of non-rental equipment	(4)	(2)
Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	(9)	(7)
Stock compensation expense, net	24	24
Restructuring charge	1	0
Increase in deferred taxes	35	37
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of amounts acquired:
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable	(13)	76
Increase in inventory	(2)	(13)
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets	125	61
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable	(25)	10
Decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities	(151)	(86)
Net cash provided by operating activities	939	886
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Purchases of rental equipment	(797)	(482)
Purchases of non-rental equipment and intangible assets	(73)	(55)
Proceeds from sales of rental equipment	388	211
Proceeds from sales of non-rental equipment	12	5
Insurance proceeds from damaged equipment	9	7
Purchases of other companies, net of cash acquired	(299)	(77)
Purchases of investments	0	(3)
Net cash used in investing activities	(760)	(394)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Proceeds from debt	2,330	1,155
Payments of debt	(2,110)	(1,372)
Common stock repurchased, including tax withholdings for share based compensation	(303)	(318)
Dividends paid	(103)	0
Net cash used in financing activities	(186)	(535)
Effect of foreign exchange rates	0	0
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(7)	(43)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	106	144
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	99	101
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes, net	29	10
Cash paid for interest	$ 178	$ 149

XML

Organization, Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization, Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Organization, Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

United Rentals, Inc. (“Holdings,” “URI” or the “Company”) is principally a holding company and conducts its operations primarily through its wholly owned subsidiary, United Rentals (North America), Inc. (“URNA”), and subsidiaries of URNA. Holdings’ primary asset is its sole ownership of all issued and outstanding shares of common stock of URNA. URNA’s various credit agreements and debt instruments place restrictions on its ability to transfer funds to its shareholder.

We rent equipment to a diverse customer base that includes construction and industrial companies, manufacturers, utilities, municipalities, homeowners and government entities. We primarily operate in the United States and Canada, and have a limited presence in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to renting equipment, we sell new and used rental equipment, as well as related contractor supplies, parts and service.

We have prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with the accounting policies described in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Form 10-K”) and the interim reporting requirements of Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the 2022 Form 10-K.

In our opinion, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of financial condition, operating results and cash flows for the interim periods presented have been made. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results of the full year.

XML

Revenue Recognition

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition Accounting Standards

We recognize revenue in accordance with two different accounting standards: 1) Topic 606 (which addresses revenue from contracts with customers) and 2) Topic 842 (which addresses lease revenue). Under Topic 606, revenue from contracts with customers is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with the customer, and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer, and is the unit of account under Topic 606. As reflected below, most of our revenue is accounted for under Topic 842. Our contracts with customers generally do not include multiple performance obligations. We recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for such products or services.

Nature of goods and services

In the following table, revenue is summarized by type and by the applicable accounting standard.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
			2023						2022
	Topic 842		Topic 606		Total		Topic 842		Topic 606		Total
Revenues:
Owned equipment rentals	$	2,266	$	—	$	2,266	$	1,797	$	—	$	1,797
Re-rent revenue	52		—		52		49		—		49
Ancillary and other rental revenues:
Delivery and pick-up	—		203		203		—		157		157
Other	165		54		219		124		48		172
Total ancillary and other rental revenues	165		257		422		124		205		329
Total equipment rentals	2,483		257		2,740		1,970		205		2,175
Sales of rental equipment	—		388		388		—		211		211
Sales of new equipment	—		44		44		—		45		45
Contractor supplies sales	—		34		34		—		29		29
Service and other revenues	—		79		79		—		64		64
Total revenues	$	2,483	$	802	$	3,285	$	1,970	$	554	$	2,524

Revenues by reportable segment are presented in note 4 of the condensed consolidated financial statements, using the revenue captions reflected in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The majority of our revenue is recognized in our general rentals segment and in the U.S. (for the three months ended March 31, 2023, 75 percent and 91 percent, respectively). We believe that the disaggregation of our revenue from contracts to customers as reflected above, coupled with the further discussion below and the reportable segment disclosures in note 4, depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Lease revenues (Topic 842)

The accounting for the types of revenue that are accounted for under Topic 842 is discussed below.

Owned equipment rentals represent our most significant revenue type (they accounted for 69 percent of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023) and are governed by our standard rental contract. We account for such rentals as operating leases. The lease terms are included in our contracts, and the determination of whether our contracts contain leases generally does not require significant assumptions or judgments. Our lease revenues do not include material amounts of variable payments.

Owned equipment rentals: Owned equipment rentals represent revenues from renting equipment that we own. We do not generally provide an option for the lessee to purchase the rented equipment at the end of the lease, and do not generate material revenue from sales of equipment under such options.

We recognize revenues from renting equipment on a straight-line basis. Our rental contract periods are hourly, daily, weekly or monthly. By way of example, if a customer were to rent a piece of equipment and the daily, weekly and monthly rental rates for that particular piece were (in actual dollars) $100, $300 and $900, respectively, we would recognize revenue of $32.14 per day. The daily rate for recognition purposes is calculated by dividing the monthly rate of $900 by the monthly term of 28 days. This daily rate assumes that the equipment will be on rent for the full 28 days, as we are unsure of when the customer will return the equipment and therefore unsure of which rental contract period will apply.

As part of this straight-line methodology, when the equipment is returned, we recognize as incremental revenue the excess, if any, between the amount the customer is contractually required to pay, which is based on the rental contract period applicable to the actual number of days the equipment was out on rent, over the cumulative amount of revenue recognized to date. In any given accounting period, we will have customers return equipment and be contractually required to pay us more than the cumulative amount of revenue recognized to date under the straight-line methodology. For instance, continuing the above example, if the customer rented the above piece of equipment on December 29 and returned it at the close of business on January 1, we would recognize incremental revenue on January 1 of $171.44 (in actual dollars, representing the difference between the amount the customer is contractually required to pay, or $300 at the weekly rate, and the cumulative amount recognized to date on a straight-line basis, or $128.56, which represents four days at $32.14 per day).

We record amounts billed to customers in excess of recognizable revenue as deferred revenue on our balance sheet. We had deferred revenue (associated with both Topic 842 and Topic 606) of $129 and $131 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

As noted above, we are unsure of when the customer will return rented equipment. As such, we do not know how much the customer will owe us upon return of the equipment and cannot provide a maturity analysis of future lease payments. Our equipment is generally rented for short periods of time. Lessees do not provide residual value guarantees on rented equipment.

We expect to derive significant future benefits from our equipment following the end of the rental term. Our rentals are generally short-term in nature, and our equipment is typically rented for the majority of the time that we own it. We additionally recognize revenue from sales of rental equipment when we dispose of the equipment.

Re-rent revenue: Re-rent revenue reflects revenues from equipment that we rent from vendors and then rent to our customers. We account for such rentals as subleases. The accounting for re-rent revenue is the same as the accounting for owned equipment rentals described above.

“Other” equipment rental revenue is primarily comprised of 1) Rental Protection Plan (or "RPP") revenue associated with the damage waiver customers can purchase when they rent our equipment to protect against potential loss or damage, 2) environmental charges associated with the rental of equipment, 3) charges for rented equipment that is damaged by our customers and 4) charges for setup and other services performed on rented equipment.

Revenues from contracts with customers (Topic 606)

The accounting for the types of revenue that are accounted for under Topic 606 is discussed below. Substantially all of our revenues under Topic 606 are recognized at a point-in-time rather than over time.

Delivery and pick-up: Delivery and pick-up revenue associated with renting equipment is recognized when the service is performed.

“Other” equipment rental revenue is primarily comprised of revenues associated with the consumption of fuel by our customers which are recognized when the equipment is returned by the customer (and consumption, if any, can be measured).

Sales of rental equipment, new equipment and contractor supplies are recognized at the time of delivery to, or pick-up by, the customer and when collectibility is probable.

Service and other revenues primarily represent revenues earned from providing repair and maintenance services on our customers’ fleet (including parts sales). Service revenue is recognized as the services are performed.

Receivables and contract assets and liabilities

As reflected above, most of our equipment rental revenue is accounted for under Topic 842 (such revenue represented 76 percent of our total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023). The customers that are responsible for the remaining revenue that is accounted for under Topic 606 are generally the same customers that rent our equipment. We manage credit risk associated with our accounts receivables at the customer level. Because the same customers generate the revenues that are accounted for under both Topic 606 and Topic 842, the discussions below on credit risk and our allowance for credit losses address receivables arising from revenues from both Topic 606 and Topic 842.

Concentration of credit risk with respect to our receivables is limited because a large number of geographically diverse customers makes up our customer base. Our largest customer accounted for less than one percent of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and for each of the last three full years. Our customer with the largest receivable balance represented approximately one percent of total receivables at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. We manage credit risk through credit approvals, credit limits and other monitoring procedures.

Our allowance for credit losses reflects our estimate of the amount of our receivables that we will be unable to collect based on historical write-off experience and, as applicable, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectibility. Our estimate could require change based on changing circumstances, including changes in the economy or in the particular circumstances of individual customers. Accordingly, we may be required to increase or decrease our allowance. Trade receivables that have contractual maturities of one year or less are written-off when they are determined to be uncollectible based on the criteria necessary to qualify as a deduction for federal tax purposes. Write-offs of such receivables require management approval based on specified dollar thresholds. See the table below for a rollforward of our allowance for credit losses.

The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information from past events, including historical experiences, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectibility. Trade receivables are the only material financial asset we have that is subject to the requirement to measure expected credit losses as noted above, as this requirement does not apply to receivables arising from operating lease revenues. Substantially all of our non-lease trade receivables are due in one year or less. As discussed above, most of our equipment rental revenue is accounted for as lease revenue (such revenue represented 76 percent of our total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and these revenues account for corresponding portions of the $2.034 billion of net accounts receivable and the associated allowance for credit losses of $146 as of March 31, 2023).

As discussed above, most of our equipment rental revenue is accounted for under Topic 842. The customers that are responsible for the remaining revenue that is accounted for under Topic 606 are generally the same customers that rent our equipment. We manage credit risk associated with our accounts receivables at the customer level. The rollforward of our allowance for credit losses (in total, and associated with revenues arising from both Topic 606 and Topic 842) is shown below.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Beginning balance	$	134	$	112
Charged to costs and expenses (1)	3		1
Charged to revenue (2)	13		8
Deductions and other (3)	(4)		(5)
Ending balance	$	146	$	116

_________________

(1)    Reflects bad debt expenses recognized within selling, general and administrative expenses (associated with Topic 606 revenues).

(2)    Primarily reflects credit losses associated with lease revenues that were recognized as a reduction to equipment rentals revenue (primarily associated with Topic 842 revenues).

(3)    Primarily represents write-offs of accounts, net of immaterial recoveries and other activity.

We do not have material contract assets, or impairment losses associated therewith, or material contract liabilities, associated with contracts with customers. Our contracts with customers do not generally result in material amounts billed to

customers in excess of recognizable revenue. We did not recognize material revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022 that was included in the contract liability balance as of the beginning of such periods.

Performance obligations

Most of our Topic 606 revenue is recognized at a point-in-time, rather than over time. Accordingly, in any particular period, we do not generally recognize a significant amount of revenue from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods, and the amounts of such revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were not material. We also do not expect to recognize material revenue in the future related to performance obligations that were unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of March 31, 2023.

Payment terms

Our Topic 606 revenues do not include material amounts of variable consideration. Our payment terms vary by the type and location of our customer and the products or services offered. The time between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. Our contracts do not generally include a significant financing component. For certain products or services and customer types, we require payment before the products or services are delivered to the customer. Our contracts with customers do not generally result in significant obligations associated with returns, refunds or warranties. See above for a discussion of how we manage credit risk.

Revenue is recognized net of taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Contract costs

We do not recognize any assets associated with the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer (for example, a sales commission) that we expect to recover. Most of our revenue is recognized at a point-in-time or over a period of one year or less, and we use the practical expedient that allows us to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less.

Contract estimates and judgments

Our revenues accounted for under Topic 606 generally do not require significant estimates or judgments, primarily for the following reasons:

•The transaction price is generally fixed and stated in our contracts;

•As noted above, our contracts generally do not include multiple performance obligations, and accordingly do not generally require estimates of the standalone selling price for each performance obligation;

•Our revenues do not include material amounts of variable consideration, or result in significant obligations associated with returns, refunds or warranties; and

•Most of our revenue is recognized as of a point-in-time and the timing of the satisfaction of the applicable performance obligations is readily determinable. As noted above, our Topic 606 revenue is generally recognized at the time of delivery to, or pick-up by, the customer.

Our revenues accounted for under Topic 842 also generally do not require significant estimates or judgments. We monitor and review our estimated standalone selling prices on a regular basis.

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Acquisitions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Acquisitions

Acquisitions

On December 7, 2022, we completed the acquisition of assets of Ahern Rentals, Inc. ("Ahern Rentals"), which was accounted for as a business combination. Ahern Rentals was the eighth largest equipment rental company in North America and served customers primarily in the construction and industrial sectors across 30 states. The acquisition:

• Increased capacity in key geographies, with concentrations on both U.S. coasts and in the Gulf region;

• Increased availability of high-demand aerial and material handling equipment for our customers; and

• Created immediate cross-sell opportunities to an expanded customer base.

The aggregate consideration paid to acquire Ahern Rentals was $2.012 billion. The acquisition and related fees and expenses were funded through the issuance of $1.5 billion principal amount of 6 percent Senior Secured Notes and drawings on our senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility (“ABL facility”).

The table below summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The initial accounting for the acquisition is incomplete, principally related to finalizing 1) the measurement of the acquired net working capital, 2) the valuation of the acquired rental equipment (inclusive of the completion of our usual and customary procedures to validate the existence of the acquired rental fleet) and intangible assets and 3) the associated income tax considerations. All amounts below could change, potentially materially, as there is significant additional information that we must obtain to finalize the valuations of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, primarily because of the proximity of the acquisition date to the balance sheet date of March 31, 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recognized measurement period adjustments primarily to establish preliminary values for intangibles assets and lease assets and liabilities. These adjustments resulted in a substantial reduction to goodwill versus the previously reported amount (see note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of goodwill changes). Non-rental depreciation and amortization for the three months ended March 31, 2023 includes $8 of intangible asset amortization that would have been recognized in 2022 if the intangible asset values had been preliminarily established as of December 31, 2022.

Inventory	$	30
Rental equipment	1,290
Property and equipment	187
Intangibles (1)	450
Operating lease right-of-use assets	211
Other assets	9
Total identifiable assets acquired	2,177
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(33)
Operating lease liabilities	(199)
Debt (finance leases)	(38)
Total liabilities assumed	(270)
Net identifiable assets acquired	1,907
Goodwill (2)	105
Net assets acquired	$	2,012

(1)The following table reflects the fair values and useful lives of the acquired intangible assets identified based on our preliminary purchase accounting assessments:

	Fair value		Life (years)
Customer relationships	$	260	9
Non-compete agreements	190		5
Total	$	450

(2)All of the goodwill was assigned to our general rentals segment. As noted above, we have not yet obtained all the information required to finalize the valuations of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. As such, goodwill could change from the amount noted above. Once finalized, we expect that the goodwill that results from the acquisition will be primarily reflective of Ahern Rentals' going-concern value, the value of Ahern Rentals' assembled workforce and new customer

relationships expected to arise from the acquisition. All of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes (because the acquisition is a purchase of assets, the goodwill that is deductible for income tax purposes equals the total acquired goodwill. As noted above, goodwill could change from the amount above).

The debt issuance costs associated with the issuance of debt to partially fund the acquisition are reflected, net of amortization subsequent to the acquisition date, in long-term debt in our consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, in the first quarter of 2023, we initiated a restructuring program following the closing of the Ahern Rentals acquisition. For additional information on the restructuring charges, which generally involve the closure of a large number of branches over a short period of time, often in periods following a major acquisition, see "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Results of Operations-Other costs/(income)-restructuring charges" below.

It is not practicable to reasonably estimate the amounts of revenue and earnings of Ahern Rentals since the acquisition date, primarily due to the movement of fleet between URI locations and the acquired Ahern Rentals locations, as well as our corporate structure and the allocation of corporate costs.

Pro forma financial information

The pro forma information below gives effect to the Ahern Rentals acquisition as if it had been completed on January 1, 2021. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of our results had the acquisition been completed on the above date, nor is it necessarily indicative of our future results. The pro forma information reflects Ahern Rentals’ historic revenue presented in accordance with our revenue mapping, does not reflect any cost savings from operating efficiencies or synergies that could result from the acquisition, and also does not reflect additional revenue opportunities following the acquisition. The pro forma information includes adjustments to record the acquired assets and liabilities of Ahern Rentals at their respective fair values and to give effect to the financing for the acquisition. The pro forma adjustments reflected in the table below are subject to change as additional analysis is performed. The purchase price allocations for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on preliminary valuations and are subject to change as we obtain additional information during the acquisition measurement period. Increases or decreases in the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired may impact our statements of income in future periods. The table below presents unaudited pro forma consolidated income statement information as if Ahern Rentals had been included in our consolidated results for the entire period reflected:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022
United Rentals historic revenues	$	2,524
Ahern Rentals historic revenues	203
Pro forma revenues	2,727
United Rentals historic pretax income	483
Ahern Rentals historic pretax (loss) income	(9)
Combined pretax income	474
Pro forma adjustments to combined pretax income:
Impact of fair value mark-ups/useful life changes on depreciation (1)	(25)
Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet on cost of rental equipment sales (2)	(10)
Intangible asset amortization (3)	(21)
Interest expense (4)	(25)
Elimination of historic interest (5)	13
Elimination of historic legal and financing costs (6)	2
Pro forma pretax income	$	408

________________

(1) Depreciation of rental equipment and non-rental depreciation were adjusted for the fair value mark-ups, and the changes in useful lives and salvage values, of the equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition.

(2) Cost of rental equipment sales was adjusted for the fair value mark-ups, and the changes in useful lives and salvage values, of rental equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition.

(3) Intangible asset amortization was adjusted to include amortization of the acquired intangible assets.

(4) As discussed above, the acquisition and related fees and expenses were funded through the issuance of senior notes and drawings on our ABL facility. Interest expense was adjusted to reflect interest on the debt used to finance the acquisition.

(5) Historic interest on debt that is not part of the combined entity was eliminated.

(6) Reflects legal and financing costs incurred by Ahern Rentals that do not relate to the combined entity (specifically, legal costs related to a particular lawsuit and costs related to an attempted financing).

During 2023 and 2022, we completed other acquisitions that were not significant individually or in the aggregate. See the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the total cash outflow for purchases of other companies, net of cash acquired.

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Segment Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Segment Information

Our reportable segments are i) general rentals and ii) specialty. For general rentals, the divisions discussed below, which are our operating segments, are aggregated into the reportable segment. The specialty segment is a single division that is both an operating segment and a reportable segment. We believe that the divisions that are aggregated into our reportable segments have similar economic characteristics, as each division is capital intensive, offers similar products to similar customers, uses similar methods to distribute its products, and is subject to similar competitive risks. The aggregation of our divisions also reflects the management structure that we use for making operating decisions and assessing performance. We evaluate segment performance primarily based on segment equipment rentals gross profit.

The general rentals segment includes the rental of i) general construction and industrial equipment, such as backhoes, skid-steer loaders, forklifts, earthmoving equipment and material handling equipment, ii) aerial work platforms, such as boom lifts and scissor lifts and iii) general tools and light equipment, such as pressure washers, water pumps and power tools. The general rentals segment reflects the aggregation of four geographic divisions—Central, Northeast, Southeast and West—and operates throughout the United States and Canada.

The specialty segment, which, as noted above, is a single division that is both an operating segment and a reportable segment, includes the rental of specialty construction products such as i) trench safety equipment, such as trench shields, aluminum hydraulic shoring systems, slide rails, crossing plates, construction lasers and line testing equipment for underground work, ii) power and HVAC equipment, such as portable diesel generators, electrical distribution equipment, and temperature control equipment, iii) fluid solutions equipment primarily used for fluid containment, transfer and treatment, and iv) mobile storage equipment and modular office space. The specialty segment’s customers include construction companies involved in infrastructure projects, municipalities and industrial companies. This segment primarily operates in the United States and Canada, and has a limited presence in Europe, Australia and New Zealand.

The following tables set forth financial information by segment.

	General rentals		Specialty		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Equipment rentals	$	2,018	$	722	$	2,740
Sales of rental equipment	350		38		388
Sales of new equipment	18		26		44
Contractor supplies sales	21		13		34
Service and other revenues	72		7		79
Total revenue	2,479		806		3,285
Depreciation and amortization expense	577		116		693
Equipment rentals gross profit	663		340		1,003
Capital expenditures	683		187		870
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Equipment rentals	$	1,593	$	582	$	2,175
Sales of rental equipment	184		27		211
Sales of new equipment	29		16		45
Contractor supplies sales	18		11		29
Service and other revenues	58		6		64
Total revenue	1,882		642		2,524
Depreciation and amortization expense	422		110		532
Equipment rentals gross profit	575		259		834
Capital expenditures	394		143		537

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total reportable segment assets
General rentals	$	19,944	$	19,604
Specialty	4,685		4,579
Total assets	$	24,629	$	24,183

 Equipment rentals gross profit is the primary measure management reviews to make operating decisions and assess segment performance. The following is a reconciliation of equipment rentals gross profit to income before provision for income taxes:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Total equipment rentals gross profit	$	1,003	$	834
Gross profit from other lines of business	238		158
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(382)		(323)
Restructuring charge (1)	(1)		—
Non-rental depreciation and amortization	(118)		(97)
Interest expense, net	(150)		(94)
Other income, net	4		5
Income before provision for income taxes	$	594	$	483

 ___________________

(1)Primarily reflects severance and branch closure charges associated with our restructuring programs. For additional information on the restructuring charges, which generally involve the closure of a large number of branches over a short period of time, often in periods following a major acquisition, see "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Results of Operations-Other costs/(income)-restructuring charges" below.

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets

Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets

Prepaid expenses and other assets consist of the following:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Equipment (1)	$	12	$	17
Insurance	16		31
Advertising reimbursements (2)	19		25
Income taxes (3)	148		235
Other (4)	72		73
Prepaid expenses and other assets	$	267	$	381

_________________

(1)    Reflects refundable deposits on expected purchases, primarily of rental equipment, pursuant to advance purchase agreements. Such deposits are presented as a component of our cash flow from operations when paid.

(2)    Reflects reimbursements due for advertising that promotes a vendor’s products or services.

(3)    Primarily relates to tax depreciation benefits associated with the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. The tax depreciation deductions generated by the Ahern Rentals acquisition resulted in an income tax receivable associated with U.S. federal and state tax payments made prior to the acquisition. The decrease reflected above from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023 reflects the use of a portion of the receivable to reduce cash paid for income taxes, and we expect that the remaining receivable will further reduce the cash paid for income taxes throughout the remainder of 2023.

(4)    Includes multiple items, none of which are individually significant.

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	General rentals		Specialty		Total
Balance at January 1, 2023 (1)	$	4,980	$	1,046	$	6,026
Goodwill related to acquisitions (2)	(309)		(11)		(320)
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments	—		2		2
Balance at March 31, 2023 (1)	$	4,671	$	1,037	$	5,708

 

_________________

(1)The total carrying amount of goodwill for all periods in the table above is reflected net of $1.557 billion of accumulated impairment charges, which were primarily recorded in our general rentals segment.

(2)Includes goodwill adjustments for the effect on goodwill of changes to net assets acquired during the measurement period. The decrease in goodwill related to acquisitions above primarily reflects measurement period adjustments associated with the December 2022 acquisition of Ahern Rentals. For additional detail on the Ahern Rentals acquisition, see note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other intangible assets were comprised of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:  

	March 31, 2023
	Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization			Net Amount
Non-compete agreements	4 years		$	266		$	38		$	228
Customer relationships	6 years		$	2,647		$	2,011		$	636
Trade names and associated trademarks	3 years		$	14		$	10		$	4

	December 31, 2022
	Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization			Net Amount
Non-compete agreements	3 years		$	69		$	22		$	47
Customer relationships	5 years		$	2,349		$	1,949		$	400
Trade names and associated trademarks	3 years		$	14		$	9		$	5

Our other intangibles assets, net at March 31, 2023 include the assets set forth in the table below associated with the acquisition of Ahern Rentals that is discussed in note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. No residual value has been assigned to these assets. The non-compete agreements are being amortized on a straight-line basis and the customer relationships are being amortized using the sum of the years' digits method, and we believe that such methods best reflect the estimated pattern in which the economic benefits will be consumed. The intangible asset values are based on preliminary valuations and are subject to change as we obtain additional information during the acquisition measurement period.

	March 31, 2023
	Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements	5 years	$	177
Customer relationships	9 years	243

Amortization expense for other intangible assets was $79 and $62 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The year-over-year increase primarily reflects the impact of the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed above.

As of March 31, 2023, estimated amortization expense for other intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:  

2023		$	199
2024	211
2025	172
2026	130
2027	85
Thereafter	71
Total		$	868

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Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the amounts of our assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value were immaterial.

Fair value measurements are categorized in one of the following three levels based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety:

Level 1- Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2- Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities include:

a)quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

b)quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;

c)inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability;

d)inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

If the asset or liability has a specified (contractual) term, the Level 2 input must be observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3- Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity) and significant to the fair value measure.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts reported in our condensed consolidated balance sheets for accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities approximate fair value due to the immediate to short-term maturity of these financial instruments. The fair values of our variable rate debt facilities and finance leases approximated their book values as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The estimated fair values of our other financial instruments, all of which are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 have been calculated based upon available market information, and were as follows: 

	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Senior notes	$	7,714	$	7,311	$	7,712	$	7,143

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Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

DebtDebt, net of unamortized original issue discounts or premiums, and unamortized debt issuance costs, consists of the following:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Repurchase facility expiring 2023 (1)	$	100	$	100
Accounts receivable securitization facility expiring 2024 (1) (2)	879		959
Term loan facility expiring 2025 (1) (3)	951		953
$4.25 billion ABL facility expiring 2027 (1)	1,838		1,523
5 1/2 percent Senior Notes due 2027	498		498
3 7/8 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2027	745		744
4 7/8 percent Senior Notes due 2028 (4)	1,663		1,663
6 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2029	1,486		1,486
5 1/4 percent Senior Notes due 2030	744		744
4 percent Senior Notes due 2030	744		743
3 7/8 percent Senior Notes due 2031	1,090		1,090
3 3/4 percent Senior Notes due 2032	744		744
Finance leases	166		123
Total debt	11,648		11,370
Less short-term portion (5)	(156)		(161)
Total long-term debt	$	11,492	$	11,209

 ___________________

(1)The table below presents financial information associated with our variable rate indebtedness as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023. There is no borrowing capacity under the repurchase facility because it is an uncommitted facility. The repurchase facility expires on June 23, 2023 unless extended by the mutual consent of the parties to the repurchase facility agreement. If the facility is not extended, we believe we have sufficient liquidity to repay the outstanding debt under the facility. We have borrowed the full available amount under the term loan facility. The principal obligation under the term loan facility is required to be repaid in quarterly installments in an aggregate amount equal to 1.0 percent per annum, with the balance due at the maturity of the facility. The average amount of debt outstanding under the term loan facility decreases slightly each quarter due to the requirement to repay a portion of the principal obligation.

	ABL facility			Accounts receivable securitization facility			Term loan facility			Repurchase facility
Borrowing capacity, net of letters of credit	$	2,336		$	220		$	—
Letters of credit	67
Interest rate at March 31, 2023	5.9		%	5.7		%	6.6		%	5.9	%
Average month-end debt outstanding	1,750			966			957			100
Weighted-average interest rate on average debt outstanding	5.7		%	5.6		%	6.4		%	5.7	%
Maximum month-end debt outstanding	1,848			1,100			958			100

(2)Borrowings under the accounts receivable securitization facility are permitted only to the extent that the face amount of the receivables in the collateral pool, net of applicable reserves and other deductions, exceeds the outstanding loans. As of March 31, 2023, there were $1.348 billion of receivables, net of applicable reserves and other deductions, in the collateral pool.

(3)In April 2023, the term loan facility was amended to transition to an interest rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR").

(4)URNA separately issued 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes in August 2017 and in September 2017. Following the issuances, URNA consummated an exchange offer pursuant to which most of the 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes issued in September 2017 were exchanged for additional notes fungible with the 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes issued in August 2017. As of March 31, 2023, the total above is comprised of two separate 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes, one with a book value of $1.659 billion and one with a book value of $4.

(5)Short-term debt primarily reflects borrowings under the repurchase facility and the short-term portion of our finance leases.

Loan Covenants and Compliance

As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with the covenants and other provisions of the ABL, accounts receivable securitization, term loan and repurchase facilities and the senior notes. Any failure to be in compliance with any material provision or covenant of these agreements could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and operations.The only financial covenant that currently exists under the ABL facility is the fixed charge coverage ratio. Subject to certain limited exceptions specified in the ABL facility, the fixed charge coverage ratio covenant under the ABL facility will only apply in the future if specified availability under the ABL facility falls below 10 percent of the maximum revolver amount under the ABL facility. When certain conditions are met, cash and cash equivalents and borrowing base collateral in excess of the ABL facility size may be included when calculating specified availability under the ABL facility. As of March 31, 2023, specified availability under the ABL facility exceeded the required threshold and, as a result, this financial covenant was inapplicable. Under our accounts receivable securitization facility, we are required, among other things, to maintain certain financial tests relating to: (i) the default ratio, (ii) the delinquency ratio, (iii) the dilution ratio and (iv) days sales outstanding. The accounts receivable securitization facility also requires us to comply with the fixed charge coverage ratio under the ABL facility, to the extent the ratio is applicable under the ABL facility.

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Legal and Regulatory Matters	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Legal and Regulatory Matters	Legal and Regulatory MattersWe are subject to a number of claims and proceedings that generally arise in the ordinary course of our business. These matters include, but are not limited to, general liability claims (including personal injury, property and auto claims), indemnification and guarantee obligations, employee injuries and employment-related claims, self-insurance obligations, contract and real estate matters, and other general business litigation. Based on advice of counsel and available information, including current status or stage of proceeding, and taking into account accruals for matters where we have established them, we currently believe that any liabilities ultimately resulting from such claims and proceedings will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

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Earnings Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (shares in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income available to common stockholders	451		367
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share—weighted-average common shares	69,414		72,372
Effect of dilutive securities:
Employee stock options	4		4
Restricted stock units	327		308
Denominator for diluted earnings per share—adjusted weighted-average common shares	69,745		72,684
Basic earnings per share	$	6.50	$	5.07
Diluted earnings per share	$	6.47	$	5.05

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Organization, Description of Business and Basis of Presentation (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Lease revenues (Topic 842)

Lease revenues (Topic 842)

The accounting for the types of revenue that are accounted for under Topic 842 is discussed below.

Owned equipment rentals represent our most significant revenue type (they accounted for 69 percent of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023) and are governed by our standard rental contract. We account for such rentals as operating leases. The lease terms are included in our contracts, and the determination of whether our contracts contain leases generally does not require significant assumptions or judgments. Our lease revenues do not include material amounts of variable payments.

Owned equipment rentals: Owned equipment rentals represent revenues from renting equipment that we own. We do not generally provide an option for the lessee to purchase the rented equipment at the end of the lease, and do not generate material revenue from sales of equipment under such options.

We recognize revenues from renting equipment on a straight-line basis. Our rental contract periods are hourly, daily, weekly or monthly. By way of example, if a customer were to rent a piece of equipment and the daily, weekly and monthly rental rates for that particular piece were (in actual dollars) $100, $300 and $900, respectively, we would recognize revenue of $32.14 per day. The daily rate for recognition purposes is calculated by dividing the monthly rate of $900 by the monthly term of 28 days. This daily rate assumes that the equipment will be on rent for the full 28 days, as we are unsure of when the customer will return the equipment and therefore unsure of which rental contract period will apply.

As part of this straight-line methodology, when the equipment is returned, we recognize as incremental revenue the excess, if any, between the amount the customer is contractually required to pay, which is based on the rental contract period applicable to the actual number of days the equipment was out on rent, over the cumulative amount of revenue recognized to date. In any given accounting period, we will have customers return equipment and be contractually required to pay us more than the cumulative amount of revenue recognized to date under the straight-line methodology. For instance, continuing the above example, if the customer rented the above piece of equipment on December 29 and returned it at the close of business on January 1, we would recognize incremental revenue on January 1 of $171.44 (in actual dollars, representing the difference between the amount the customer is contractually required to pay, or $300 at the weekly rate, and the cumulative amount recognized to date on a straight-line basis, or $128.56, which represents four days at $32.14 per day).

We record amounts billed to customers in excess of recognizable revenue as deferred revenue on our balance sheet. We had deferred revenue (associated with both Topic 842 and Topic 606) of $129 and $131 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

As noted above, we are unsure of when the customer will return rented equipment. As such, we do not know how much the customer will owe us upon return of the equipment and cannot provide a maturity analysis of future lease payments. Our equipment is generally rented for short periods of time. Lessees do not provide residual value guarantees on rented equipment.

We expect to derive significant future benefits from our equipment following the end of the rental term. Our rentals are generally short-term in nature, and our equipment is typically rented for the majority of the time that we own it. We additionally recognize revenue from sales of rental equipment when we dispose of the equipment.

Re-rent revenue: Re-rent revenue reflects revenues from equipment that we rent from vendors and then rent to our customers. We account for such rentals as subleases. The accounting for re-rent revenue is the same as the accounting for owned equipment rentals described above.

“Other” equipment rental revenue is primarily comprised of 1) Rental Protection Plan (or "RPP") revenue associated with the damage waiver customers can purchase when they rent our equipment to protect against potential loss or damage, 2) environmental charges associated with the rental of equipment, 3) charges for rented equipment that is damaged by our customers and 4) charges for setup and other services performed on rented equipment.

Revenues from contracts with customers (Topic 606)

Revenues from contracts with customers (Topic 606)

The accounting for the types of revenue that are accounted for under Topic 606 is discussed below. Substantially all of our revenues under Topic 606 are recognized at a point-in-time rather than over time.

Delivery and pick-up: Delivery and pick-up revenue associated with renting equipment is recognized when the service is performed.

“Other” equipment rental revenue is primarily comprised of revenues associated with the consumption of fuel by our customers which are recognized when the equipment is returned by the customer (and consumption, if any, can be measured).

Sales of rental equipment, new equipment and contractor supplies are recognized at the time of delivery to, or pick-up by, the customer and when collectibility is probable.

Service and other revenues primarily represent revenues earned from providing repair and maintenance services on our customers’ fleet (including parts sales). Service revenue is recognized as the services are performed.

Receivables and contract assets and liabilities

As reflected above, most of our equipment rental revenue is accounted for under Topic 842 (such revenue represented 76 percent of our total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023). The customers that are responsible for the remaining revenue that is accounted for under Topic 606 are generally the same customers that rent our equipment. We manage credit risk associated with our accounts receivables at the customer level. Because the same customers generate the revenues that are accounted for under both Topic 606 and Topic 842, the discussions below on credit risk and our allowance for credit losses address receivables arising from revenues from both Topic 606 and Topic 842.

Concentration of credit risk with respect to our receivables is limited because a large number of geographically diverse customers makes up our customer base. Our largest customer accounted for less than one percent of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and for each of the last three full years. Our customer with the largest receivable balance represented approximately one percent of total receivables at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. We manage credit risk through credit approvals, credit limits and other monitoring procedures.

Our allowance for credit losses reflects our estimate of the amount of our receivables that we will be unable to collect based on historical write-off experience and, as applicable, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectibility. Our estimate could require change based on changing circumstances, including changes in the economy or in the particular circumstances of individual customers. Accordingly, we may be required to increase or decrease our allowance. Trade receivables that have contractual maturities of one year or less are written-off when they are determined to be uncollectible based on the criteria necessary to qualify as a deduction for federal tax purposes. Write-offs of such receivables require management approval based on specified dollar thresholds. See the table below for a rollforward of our allowance for credit losses.

The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information from past events, including historical experiences, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectibility. Trade receivables are the only material financial asset we have that is subject to the requirement to measure expected credit losses as noted above, as this requirement does not apply to receivables arising from operating lease revenues. Substantially all of our non-lease trade receivables are due in one year or less. As discussed above, most of our equipment rental revenue is accounted for as lease revenue (such revenue represented 76 percent of our total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and these revenues account for corresponding portions of the $2.034 billion of net accounts receivable and the associated allowance for credit losses of $146 as of March 31, 2023).

As discussed above, most of our equipment rental revenue is accounted for under Topic 842. The customers that are responsible for the remaining revenue that is accounted for under Topic 606 are generally the same customers that rent our equipment. We manage credit risk associated with our accounts receivables at the customer level. The rollforward of our allowance for credit losses (in total, and associated with revenues arising from both Topic 606 and Topic 842) is shown below.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Beginning balance	$	134	$	112
Charged to costs and expenses (1)	3		1
Charged to revenue (2)	13		8
Deductions and other (3)	(4)		(5)
Ending balance	$	146	$	116

_________________

(1)    Reflects bad debt expenses recognized within selling, general and administrative expenses (associated with Topic 606 revenues).

(2)    Primarily reflects credit losses associated with lease revenues that were recognized as a reduction to equipment rentals revenue (primarily associated with Topic 842 revenues).

(3)    Primarily represents write-offs of accounts, net of immaterial recoveries and other activity.

We do not have material contract assets, or impairment losses associated therewith, or material contract liabilities, associated with contracts with customers. Our contracts with customers do not generally result in material amounts billed to

customers in excess of recognizable revenue. We did not recognize material revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022 that was included in the contract liability balance as of the beginning of such periods.

Performance obligations

Most of our Topic 606 revenue is recognized at a point-in-time, rather than over time. Accordingly, in any particular period, we do not generally recognize a significant amount of revenue from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods, and the amounts of such revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were not material. We also do not expect to recognize material revenue in the future related to performance obligations that were unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of March 31, 2023.

Payment terms

Our Topic 606 revenues do not include material amounts of variable consideration. Our payment terms vary by the type and location of our customer and the products or services offered. The time between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. Our contracts do not generally include a significant financing component. For certain products or services and customer types, we require payment before the products or services are delivered to the customer. Our contracts with customers do not generally result in significant obligations associated with returns, refunds or warranties. See above for a discussion of how we manage credit risk.

Revenue is recognized net of taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Contract costs

We do not recognize any assets associated with the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer (for example, a sales commission) that we expect to recover. Most of our revenue is recognized at a point-in-time or over a period of one year or less, and we use the practical expedient that allows us to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less.

Contract estimates and judgments

Our revenues accounted for under Topic 606 generally do not require significant estimates or judgments, primarily for the following reasons:

•The transaction price is generally fixed and stated in our contracts;

•As noted above, our contracts generally do not include multiple performance obligations, and accordingly do not generally require estimates of the standalone selling price for each performance obligation;

•Our revenues do not include material amounts of variable consideration, or result in significant obligations associated with returns, refunds or warranties; and

•Most of our revenue is recognized as of a point-in-time and the timing of the satisfaction of the applicable performance obligations is readily determinable. As noted above, our Topic 606 revenue is generally recognized at the time of delivery to, or pick-up by, the customer.

Our revenues accounted for under Topic 842 also generally do not require significant estimates or judgments. We monitor and review our estimated standalone selling prices on a regular basis.

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Revenue Recognition (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of changes in accounting principles

In the following table, revenue is summarized by type and by the applicable accounting standard.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
			2023						2022
	Topic 842		Topic 606		Total		Topic 842		Topic 606		Total
Revenues:
Owned equipment rentals	$	2,266	$	—	$	2,266	$	1,797	$	—	$	1,797
Re-rent revenue	52		—		52		49		—		49
Ancillary and other rental revenues:
Delivery and pick-up	—		203		203		—		157		157
Other	165		54		219		124		48		172
Total ancillary and other rental revenues	165		257		422		124		205		329
Total equipment rentals	2,483		257		2,740		1,970		205		2,175
Sales of rental equipment	—		388		388		—		211		211
Sales of new equipment	—		44		44		—		45		45
Contractor supplies sales	—		34		34		—		29		29
Service and other revenues	—		79		79		—		64		64
Total revenues	$	2,483	$	802	$	3,285	$	1,970	$	554	$	2,524

SEC Schedule, 12-09, Schedule of Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure

The rollforward of our allowance for credit losses (in total, and associated with revenues arising from both Topic 606 and Topic 842) is shown below.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023		Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Beginning balance	$	134	$	112
Charged to costs and expenses (1)	3		1
Charged to revenue (2)	13		8
Deductions and other (3)	(4)		(5)
Ending balance	$	146	$	116

_________________

(1)    Reflects bad debt expenses recognized within selling, general and administrative expenses (associated with Topic 606 revenues).

(2)    Primarily reflects credit losses associated with lease revenues that were recognized as a reduction to equipment rentals revenue (primarily associated with Topic 842 revenues).

(3)    Primarily represents write-offs of accounts, net of immaterial recoveries and other activity.

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Acquisitions (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Schedule of assets acquired and liabilities assumed

The table below summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The initial accounting for the acquisition is incomplete, principally related to finalizing 1) the measurement of the acquired net working capital, 2) the valuation of the acquired rental equipment (inclusive of the completion of our usual and customary procedures to validate the existence of the acquired rental fleet) and intangible assets and 3) the associated income tax considerations. All amounts below could change, potentially materially, as there is significant additional information that we must obtain to finalize the valuations of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, primarily because of the proximity of the acquisition date to the balance sheet date of March 31, 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recognized measurement period adjustments primarily to establish preliminary values for intangibles assets and lease assets and liabilities. These adjustments resulted in a substantial reduction to goodwill versus the previously reported amount (see note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion of goodwill changes). Non-rental depreciation and amortization for the three months ended March 31, 2023 includes $8 of intangible asset amortization that would have been recognized in 2022 if the intangible asset values had been preliminarily established as of December 31, 2022.

Inventory	$	30
Rental equipment	1,290
Property and equipment	187
Intangibles (1)	450
Operating lease right-of-use assets	211
Other assets	9
Total identifiable assets acquired	2,177
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(33)
Operating lease liabilities	(199)
Debt (finance leases)	(38)
Total liabilities assumed	(270)
Net identifiable assets acquired	1,907
Goodwill (2)	105
Net assets acquired	$	2,012

(1)The following table reflects the fair values and useful lives of the acquired intangible assets identified based on our preliminary purchase accounting assessments:

	Fair value		Life (years)
Customer relationships	$	260	9
Non-compete agreements	190		5
Total	$	450

(2)All of the goodwill was assigned to our general rentals segment. As noted above, we have not yet obtained all the information required to finalize the valuations of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. As such, goodwill could change from the amount noted above. Once finalized, we expect that the goodwill that results from the acquisition will be primarily reflective of Ahern Rentals' going-concern value, the value of Ahern Rentals' assembled workforce and new customer

relationships expected to arise from the acquisition. All of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes (because the acquisition is a purchase of assets, the goodwill that is deductible for income tax purposes equals the total acquired goodwill. As noted above, goodwill could change from the amount above).

Finite-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets acquired as part of business combination

The following table reflects the fair values and useful lives of the acquired intangible assets identified based on our preliminary purchase accounting assessments:

	Fair value		Life (years)
Customer relationships	$	260	9
Non-compete agreements	190		5
Total	$	450

Summary of business acquisition, pro forma information

The table below presents unaudited pro forma consolidated income statement information as if Ahern Rentals had been included in our consolidated results for the entire period reflected:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022
United Rentals historic revenues	$	2,524
Ahern Rentals historic revenues	203
Pro forma revenues	2,727
United Rentals historic pretax income	483
Ahern Rentals historic pretax (loss) income	(9)
Combined pretax income	474
Pro forma adjustments to combined pretax income:
Impact of fair value mark-ups/useful life changes on depreciation (1)	(25)
Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet on cost of rental equipment sales (2)	(10)
Intangible asset amortization (3)	(21)
Interest expense (4)	(25)
Elimination of historic interest (5)	13
Elimination of historic legal and financing costs (6)	2
Pro forma pretax income	$	408

________________

(1) Depreciation of rental equipment and non-rental depreciation were adjusted for the fair value mark-ups, and the changes in useful lives and salvage values, of the equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition.

(2) Cost of rental equipment sales was adjusted for the fair value mark-ups, and the changes in useful lives and salvage values, of rental equipment acquired in the Ahern Rentals acquisition.

(3) Intangible asset amortization was adjusted to include amortization of the acquired intangible assets.

(4) As discussed above, the acquisition and related fees and expenses were funded through the issuance of senior notes and drawings on our ABL facility. Interest expense was adjusted to reflect interest on the debt used to finance the acquisition.

(5) Historic interest on debt that is not part of the combined entity was eliminated.

(6) Reflects legal and financing costs incurred by Ahern Rentals that do not relate to the combined entity (specifically, legal costs related to a particular lawsuit and costs related to an attempted financing).

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Segment Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Financial information by segment

The following tables set forth financial information by segment.

	General rentals		Specialty		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Equipment rentals	$	2,018	$	722	$	2,740
Sales of rental equipment	350		38		388
Sales of new equipment	18		26		44
Contractor supplies sales	21		13		34
Service and other revenues	72		7		79
Total revenue	2,479		806		3,285
Depreciation and amortization expense	577		116		693
Equipment rentals gross profit	663		340		1,003
Capital expenditures	683		187		870
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Equipment rentals	$	1,593	$	582	$	2,175
Sales of rental equipment	184		27		211
Sales of new equipment	29		16		45
Contractor supplies sales	18		11		29
Service and other revenues	58		6		64
Total revenue	1,882		642		2,524
Depreciation and amortization expense	422		110		532
Equipment rentals gross profit	575		259		834
Capital expenditures	394		143		537

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total reportable segment assets
General rentals	$	19,944	$	19,604
Specialty	4,685		4,579
Total assets	$	24,629	$	24,183

Reconciliation to equipment rentals gross profit

The following is a reconciliation of equipment rentals gross profit to income before provision for income taxes:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Total equipment rentals gross profit	$	1,003	$	834
Gross profit from other lines of business	238		158
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(382)		(323)
Restructuring charge (1)	(1)		—
Non-rental depreciation and amortization	(118)		(97)
Interest expense, net	(150)		(94)
Other income, net	4		5
Income before provision for income taxes	$	594	$	483

 ___________________

(1)Primarily reflects severance and branch closure charges associated with our restructuring programs. For additional information on the restructuring charges, which generally involve the closure of a large number of branches over a short period of time, often in periods following a major acquisition, see "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Results of Operations-Other costs/(income)-restructuring charges" below.

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Prepaid expenses and other assets

Prepaid expenses and other assets consist of the following:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Equipment (1)	$	12	$	17
Insurance	16		31
Advertising reimbursements (2)	19		25
Income taxes (3)	148		235
Other (4)	72		73
Prepaid expenses and other assets	$	267	$	381

_________________

(1)    Reflects refundable deposits on expected purchases, primarily of rental equipment, pursuant to advance purchase agreements. Such deposits are presented as a component of our cash flow from operations when paid.

(2)    Reflects reimbursements due for advertising that promotes a vendor’s products or services.

(3)    Primarily relates to tax depreciation benefits associated with the Ahern Rentals acquisition discussed in note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. The tax depreciation deductions generated by the Ahern Rentals acquisition resulted in an income tax receivable associated with U.S. federal and state tax payments made prior to the acquisition. The decrease reflected above from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023 reflects the use of a portion of the receivable to reduce cash paid for income taxes, and we expect that the remaining receivable will further reduce the cash paid for income taxes throughout the remainder of 2023.

(4)    Includes multiple items, none of which are individually significant.

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of goodwill

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	General rentals		Specialty		Total
Balance at January 1, 2023 (1)	$	4,980	$	1,046	$	6,026
Goodwill related to acquisitions (2)	(309)		(11)		(320)
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments	—		2		2
Balance at March 31, 2023 (1)	$	4,671	$	1,037	$	5,708

 

_________________

(1)The total carrying amount of goodwill for all periods in the table above is reflected net of $1.557 billion of accumulated impairment charges, which were primarily recorded in our general rentals segment.

(2)Includes goodwill adjustments for the effect on goodwill of changes to net assets acquired during the measurement period. The decrease in goodwill related to acquisitions above primarily reflects measurement period adjustments associated with the December 2022 acquisition of Ahern Rentals. For additional detail on the Ahern Rentals acquisition, see note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Schedule of finite-lived intangible assets

Other intangible assets were comprised of the following at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:  

	March 31, 2023
	Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization			Net Amount
Non-compete agreements	4 years		$	266		$	38		$	228
Customer relationships	6 years		$	2,647		$	2,011		$	636
Trade names and associated trademarks	3 years		$	14		$	10		$	4

	December 31, 2022
	Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization			Net Amount
Non-compete agreements	3 years		$	69		$	22		$	47
Customer relationships	5 years		$	2,349		$	1,949		$	400
Trade names and associated trademarks	3 years		$	14		$	9		$	5

The intangible asset values are based on preliminary valuations and are subject to change as we obtain additional information during the acquisition measurement period.

	March 31, 2023
	Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements	5 years	$	177
Customer relationships	9 years	243

Schedule of finite-lived intangible assets, future amortization expense

As of March 31, 2023, estimated amortization expense for other intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:  

2023		$	199
2024	211
2025	172
2026	130
2027	85
Thereafter	71
Total		$	868

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair value of financial instruments

The estimated fair values of our other financial instruments, all of which are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 have been calculated based upon available market information, and were as follows: 

	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Senior notes	$	7,714	$	7,311	$	7,712	$	7,143

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Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of long-term debt instruments

Debt, net of unamortized original issue discounts or premiums, and unamortized debt issuance costs, consists of the following:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Repurchase facility expiring 2023 (1)	$	100	$	100
Accounts receivable securitization facility expiring 2024 (1) (2)	879		959
Term loan facility expiring 2025 (1) (3)	951		953
$4.25 billion ABL facility expiring 2027 (1)	1,838		1,523
5 1/2 percent Senior Notes due 2027	498		498
3 7/8 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2027	745		744
4 7/8 percent Senior Notes due 2028 (4)	1,663		1,663
6 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2029	1,486		1,486
5 1/4 percent Senior Notes due 2030	744		744
4 percent Senior Notes due 2030	744		743
3 7/8 percent Senior Notes due 2031	1,090		1,090
3 3/4 percent Senior Notes due 2032	744		744
Finance leases	166		123
Total debt	11,648		11,370
Less short-term portion (5)	(156)		(161)
Total long-term debt	$	11,492	$	11,209

 ___________________

(1)The table below presents financial information associated with our variable rate indebtedness as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023. There is no borrowing capacity under the repurchase facility because it is an uncommitted facility. The repurchase facility expires on June 23, 2023 unless extended by the mutual consent of the parties to the repurchase facility agreement. If the facility is not extended, we believe we have sufficient liquidity to repay the outstanding debt under the facility. We have borrowed the full available amount under the term loan facility. The principal obligation under the term loan facility is required to be repaid in quarterly installments in an aggregate amount equal to 1.0 percent per annum, with the balance due at the maturity of the facility. The average amount of debt outstanding under the term loan facility decreases slightly each quarter due to the requirement to repay a portion of the principal obligation.

	ABL facility			Accounts receivable securitization facility			Term loan facility			Repurchase facility
Borrowing capacity, net of letters of credit	$	2,336		$	220		$	—
Letters of credit	67
Interest rate at March 31, 2023	5.9		%	5.7		%	6.6		%	5.9	%
Average month-end debt outstanding	1,750			966			957			100
Weighted-average interest rate on average debt outstanding	5.7		%	5.6		%	6.4		%	5.7	%
Maximum month-end debt outstanding	1,848			1,100			958			100

(2)Borrowings under the accounts receivable securitization facility are permitted only to the extent that the face amount of the receivables in the collateral pool, net of applicable reserves and other deductions, exceeds the outstanding loans. As of March 31, 2023, there were $1.348 billion of receivables, net of applicable reserves and other deductions, in the collateral pool.

(3)In April 2023, the term loan facility was amended to transition to an interest rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR").

(4)URNA separately issued 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes in August 2017 and in September 2017. Following the issuances, URNA consummated an exchange offer pursuant to which most of the 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes issued in September 2017 were exchanged for additional notes fungible with the 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes issued in August 2017. As of March 31, 2023, the total above is comprised of two separate 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes, one with a book value of $1.659 billion and one with a book value of $4.

(5)Short-term debt primarily reflects borrowings under the repurchase facility and the short-term portion of our finance leases.

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of earnings per share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (shares in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income available to common stockholders	451		367
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share—weighted-average common shares	69,414		72,372
Effect of dilutive securities:
Employee stock options	4		4
Restricted stock units	327		308
Denominator for diluted earnings per share—adjusted weighted-average common shares	69,745		72,684
Basic earnings per share	$	6.50	$	5.07
Diluted earnings per share	$	6.47	$	5.05

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Revenue Recognition (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Revenues:
Revenues, Topic 842	$ 2,483	$ 1,970
Revenues, Topic 606	802	554
Revenues, Total	3,285	2,524
Equipment rentals
Revenues:
Revenues, Topic 842	2,483	1,970
Revenues, Topic 606	257	205
Revenues, Total	2,740	2,175
Owned equipment rentals
Revenues:
Owned equipment rentals, Topic 842	2,266	1,797
Revenues, Total	2,266	1,797
Re-rent revenue
Revenues:
Re-rent revenue, Topic 842	52	49
Revenues, Total	52	49
Delivery and pick-up
Revenues:
Revenues, Topic 606	203	157
Revenues, Total	203	157
Other
Revenues:
Other, Topic 842	165	124
Revenues, Topic 606	54	48
Revenues, Total	219	172
Total ancillary and other rental revenues
Revenues:
Revenues, Topic 842	165	124
Revenues, Topic 606	257	205
Revenues, Total	422	329
Sales of rental equipment
Revenues:
Revenues, Topic 606	388	211
Revenues, Total	388	211
Sales of new equipment
Revenues:
Revenues, Topic 606	44	45
Revenues, Total	44	45
Contractor supplies sales
Revenues:
Revenues, Topic 606	34	29
Revenues, Total	34	29
Service and other revenues
Revenues:
Revenues, Topic 606	79	64
Revenues, Total	$ 79	$ 64

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Revenue Recognition (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Contract with customer, liability	$ 129		$ 131
Accounts receivable, net	2,034		$ 2,004
Allowance for doubtful accounts	146
Contract with customer, asset	0
Revenue recognized	0	$ 0
Contract with customer, performance obligation satisfied in previous period	$ 0	$ 0
Revenues | Largest customer | Customer concentration risk
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Concentration risk	1.00%
Accounts Receivable | Largest customer | Customer concentration risk
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Concentration risk	1.00%		1.00%
Owned equipment rentals | Revenues | Product concentration risk
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Concentration risk	69.00%
Equipment Rental | Revenues | Product concentration risk
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Concentration risk	76.00%
US | Revenues | Geographic Concentration Risk
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Concentration risk	91.00%
General rentals | Revenues | Product concentration risk
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Concentration risk	75.00%

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Revenue Recognition (Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Rollforward) (Details) - SEC Schedule, 12-09, Allowance, Credit Loss - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 134	$ 112
Charged to costs and expenses	3	1
Charged to revenue	13	8
Deductions	(4)	(5)
Ending balance	$ 146	$ 116

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Acquisitions (Narrative) (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 07, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 state	Nov. 30, 2022 USD ($)
6 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2029 | Senior notes
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount			$ 1,500
Stated interest rate		6.00%	6.00%
Ahern Rentals
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of states | state		30
Aggregate consideration paid	$ 2,012

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Acquisitions (Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed - Ahern Rentals) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 07, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 5,708	$ 6,026
Ahern Rentals
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Inventory			$ 30
Rental equipment			1,290
Property and equipment			187
Fair value			450
Operating lease right-of-use assets			211
Other assets			9
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Assets, Total			2,177
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities			(33)
Operating lease liabilities			(199)
Debt (finance leases)			(38)
Total liabilities assumed			(270)
Net identifiable assets acquired			1,907
Goodwill			105
Net assets acquired			$ 2,012

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Acquisitions (Other Intangible Assets Associated with Acquisition) (Details) - Ahern Rentals $ in Millions	Dec. 07, 2022 USD ($)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Fair value	$ 450
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Fair value	$ 260
Life (years)	9 years
Non-compete agreements
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Fair value	$ 190
Life (years)	5 years

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Acquisitions (Pro Forma Information) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information, Nonrecurring Adjustment [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 3,285	$ 2,524
Pro forma revenues		2,727
Pretax income	$ 594	483
Pro forma pretax income		408
Impact of fair value mark-ups/useful life changes on depreciation
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information, Nonrecurring Adjustment [Line Items]
Pro forma pretax income		(25)
Impact of the fair value mark-up of acquired fleet on cost of rental equipment sales
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information, Nonrecurring Adjustment [Line Items]
Pro forma pretax income		(10)
Intangible asset amortization
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information, Nonrecurring Adjustment [Line Items]
Pro forma pretax income		(21)
Interest expense
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information, Nonrecurring Adjustment [Line Items]
Pro forma pretax income		(25)
Elimination of historic interest
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information, Nonrecurring Adjustment [Line Items]
Pro forma pretax income		13
Elimination of historic legal and financing costs
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information, Nonrecurring Adjustment [Line Items]
Pro forma pretax income		2
United Rentals and Ahern Rentals
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information, Nonrecurring Adjustment [Line Items]
Pretax income		474
United Rentals
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information, Nonrecurring Adjustment [Line Items]
Revenues		2,524
Pretax income		483
Ahern Rentals
Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information, Nonrecurring Adjustment [Line Items]
Revenues		203
Pretax income		$ (9)

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Segment Information (Financial Information by Segment) (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) geographicDivision	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information
Revenues	$ 3,285	$ 2,524
Revenue from contract with customer	802	554
Depreciation and amortization expense	693	532
Equipment rentals gross profit	1,241	992
Capital expenditures	870	537
Assets	24,629		$ 24,183
Equipment rentals
Segment Reporting Information
Revenues	2,740	2,175
Revenue from contract with customer	257	205
Sales of rental equipment
Segment Reporting Information
Revenues	388	211
Revenue from contract with customer	388	211
Sales of new equipment
Segment Reporting Information
Revenues	44	45
Revenue from contract with customer	44	45
Contractor supplies sales
Segment Reporting Information
Revenues	34	29
Revenue from contract with customer	34	29
Service and other revenues
Segment Reporting Information
Revenues	79	64
Revenue from contract with customer	79	64
Equipment rentals gross profit
Segment Reporting Information
Equipment rentals gross profit	$ 1,003	834
General rentals
Segment Reporting Information
Number of geographic divisions entity operates in (locations) | geographicDivision	4
Revenues	$ 2,479	1,882
Depreciation and amortization expense	577	422
Capital expenditures	683	394
Assets	19,944		19,604
General rentals | Equipment rentals
Segment Reporting Information
Revenues	2,018	1,593
General rentals | Sales of rental equipment
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue from contract with customer	350	184
General rentals | Sales of new equipment
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue from contract with customer	18	29
General rentals | Contractor supplies sales
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue from contract with customer	21	18
General rentals | Service and other revenues
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue from contract with customer	72	58
General rentals | Equipment rentals gross profit
Segment Reporting Information
Equipment rentals gross profit	663	575
Specialty
Segment Reporting Information
Revenues	806	642
Depreciation and amortization expense	116	110
Capital expenditures	187	143
Assets	4,685		$ 4,579
Specialty | Equipment rentals
Segment Reporting Information
Revenues	722	582
Specialty | Sales of rental equipment
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue from contract with customer	38	27
Specialty | Sales of new equipment
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue from contract with customer	26	16
Specialty | Contractor supplies sales
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue from contract with customer	13	11
Specialty | Service and other revenues
Segment Reporting Information
Revenue from contract with customer	7	6
Specialty | Equipment rentals gross profit
Segment Reporting Information
Equipment rentals gross profit	$ 340	$ 259

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Segment Information (Reconciliation to Income (loss) from Continuing Operations) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Equipment rentals gross profit	$ 1,241	$ 992
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(382)	(323)
Restructuring charge	(1)	0
Non-rental depreciation and amortization	(118)	(97)
Interest expense, net	(150)	(94)
Other income, net	4	5
Income before provision for income taxes	594	483
Total equipment rentals gross profit
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Equipment rentals gross profit	1,003	834
Gross profit from other lines of business
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Equipment rentals gross profit	$ 238	$ 158

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Equipment	$ 12	$ 17
Insurance	16	31
Advertising reimbursements	19	25
Income taxes (3)	148	235
Other	72	73
Prepaid expenses and other assets	$ 267	$ 381

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Goodwill) (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 6,026
Goodwill related to acquisitions	(320)
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments	2
Ending balance	5,708
Goodwill accumulated impairment loss	1,557
General rentals
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	4,980
Goodwill related to acquisitions	(309)
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments	0
Ending balance	4,671
Specialty
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	1,046
Goodwill related to acquisitions	(11)
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments	2
Ending balance	$ 1,037

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Other Intangible Assets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net Amount	$ 868	$ 452
Non-compete agreements
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	4 years	3 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 266	$ 69
Accumulated Amortization	38	22
Net Amount	$ 228	$ 47
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	6 years	5 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 2,647	$ 2,349
Accumulated Amortization	2,011	1,949
Net Amount	$ 636	$ 400
Trade names and associated trademarks
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	3 years	3 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 14	$ 14
Accumulated Amortization	10	9
Net Amount	$ 4	$ 5

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Other Intangible Assets Associated with Acquisition) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net Carrying Amount	$ 868	$ 452
Non-compete agreements
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	4 years	3 years
Net Carrying Amount	$ 228	$ 47
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	6 years	5 years
Net Carrying Amount	$ 636	$ 400
General Finance Corporation | Non-compete agreements
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	5 years
Net Carrying Amount	$ 177
General Finance Corporation | Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted-Average Remaining Amortization Period	9 years
Net Carrying Amount	$ 243

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization expense	$ 79	$ 62

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Maturity Schedule) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2023	$ 199
2024	211
2025	172
2026	130
2027	85
Thereafter	71
Net Amount	$ 868	$ 452

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Fair Value Measurements (Fair value of financial instruments) (Details) - Senior notes - Level 1 - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Carrying Amount
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions
Senior notes	$ 7,714	$ 7,712
Fair Value
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions
Senior notes	$ 7,311	$ 7,143

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Debt (Schedule of long-term debt instruments) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Nov. 30, 2022
Debt Instrument
Finance leases	$ 166,000,000	$ 123,000,000
Total debt	11,648,000,000	11,370,000,000
Less short-term portion	(156,000,000)	(161,000,000)
Total long-term debt	11,492,000,000	11,209,000,000
Accounts Receivable Securitization Facility expiring 2024 | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument
Long-term debt	879,000,000	959,000,000
Borrowing capacity, net of letters of credit	$ 220,000,000
Interest rate at March 31, 2023	5.70%
Average month-end debt outstanding	$ 966,000,000
Weighted-average interest rate on average debt outstanding	5.60%
Maximum month-end debt outstanding	$ 1,100,000,000
Collateral amount	1,348,000,000
Term loan facility expiring 2025
Debt Instrument
Long-term debt	$ 951,000,000	953,000,000
Annual repayment rate	1.00%
Term loan facility | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument
Borrowing capacity, net of letters of credit	$ 0
Interest rate at March 31, 2023	6.60%
Average month-end debt outstanding	$ 957,000,000
Weighted-average interest rate on average debt outstanding	6.40%
Maximum month-end debt outstanding	$ 958,000,000
Repurchase facility | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument
Interest rate at March 31, 2023	5.90%
Average month-end debt outstanding	$ 100,000,000
Weighted-average interest rate on average debt outstanding	5.70%
Maximum month-end debt outstanding	$ 100,000,000
Line of Credit | $4.25 billion ABL Facility expiring 2027
Debt Instrument
Maximum borrowing capacity		4,250,000,000
Long-term debt	1,838,000,000	1,523,000,000
Borrowing capacity, net of letters of credit	2,336,000,000
Letters of credit	$ 67,000,000
Interest rate at March 31, 2023	5.90%
Average month-end debt outstanding	$ 1,750,000,000
Weighted-average interest rate on average debt outstanding	5.70%
Maximum month-end debt outstanding	$ 1,848,000,000
Senior notes | 5 1/2 percent Senior Notes due 2027
Debt Instrument
Stated interest rate	5.50%
Long-term debt	$ 498,000,000	498,000,000
Senior notes | 3 7/8 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2027
Debt Instrument
Stated interest rate	3.875%
Long-term debt	$ 745,000,000	744,000,000
Senior notes | 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes due 2028
Debt Instrument
Stated interest rate	4.875%
Long-term debt	$ 1,663,000,000	1,663,000,000
Senior notes | 6 percent Senior Secured Notes due 2029
Debt Instrument
Stated interest rate	6.00%		6.00%
Long-term debt	$ 1,486,000,000	1,486,000,000
Senior notes | 5 1/4 percent Senior Notes due 2030
Debt Instrument
Stated interest rate	5.25%
Long-term debt	$ 744,000,000	744,000,000
Senior notes | 4 percent Senior Notes due 2030
Debt Instrument
Stated interest rate	4.00%
Long-term debt	$ 744,000,000	743,000,000
Senior notes | 3 7/8 percent Senior Notes due 2031
Debt Instrument
Stated interest rate	3.875%
Long-term debt	$ 1,090,000,000	1,090,000,000
Senior notes | 3 3/4 percent Senior Notes due 2032
Debt Instrument
Stated interest rate	3.75%
Long-term debt	$ 744,000,000	744,000,000
Senior notes | 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes due 2028, one
Debt Instrument
Long-term debt	1,659,000,000
Senior notes | 4 7/8 percent Senior Notes due 2028, two
Debt Instrument
Long-term debt	4,000,000
Repurchase facility | Repurchase facility expiring 2023
Debt Instrument
Long-term debt	$ 100,000,000	$ 100,000,000

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Debt (Narrative) (Details) - ABL Facility - Line of Credit - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument
Maximum borrowing capacity		$ 4,250,000,000
Minimum available borrowing capacity, percentage	10.00%

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Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Numerator:
Net income available to common stockholders	$ 451	$ 367
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share—weighted-average common shares (in shares)	69,414	72,372
Effect of dilutive securities:
Denominator for diluted earnings per share—adjusted weighted-average common shares (in shares)	69,745	72,684
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 6.50	$ 5.07
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 6.47	$ 5.05
Employee stock options
Effect of dilutive securities:
Effect of dilutive securities (in shares)	4	4
Restricted stock units
Effect of dilutive securities:
Effect of dilutive securities (in shares)	327	308