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Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Contract with Customer, Asset and Liability [Abstract]  
Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities
Net contract assets (liabilities) consisted of the following at December 31:
(In millions)
 
2019
 
2018
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Contract assets
 
$
6,122

 
$
5,594

 
$
528

 
9.4
%
Contract liabilities—current
 
(3,267
)
 
(3,309
)
 
42

 
1.3
%
Contract liabilities—noncurrent
 
(143
)
 
(150
)
 
7

 
4.7
%
Net contract assets (liabilities)
 
$
2,712

 
$
2,135

 
$
577

 
27.0
%


The $577 million increase in our net contract assets (liabilities) from December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019 was primarily due to a $528 million increase in our contract assets, principally due to the timing of milestone payments on certain international programs.

On May 24, 2019, the Administration announced an emergency certification authorizing the immediate export of 22 pending arms sales to Jordan, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the KSA, waiving the requirement of Congressional Notification of these arms sales. As a result, we were able to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals and licenses for contracts subject to the emergency certification. For those contracts for which we have not yet obtained the regulatory approval and licenses and that were not subject to the emergency certification, we had approximately $1.2 billion of total contract value, recognized approximately $400 million of sales for work performed to date and received approximately $500 million in advances as of December 31, 2019. On a contract-by-contract basis, we had $100 million and $200 million of net contract assets and net contract liabilities, respectively, related to the contracts pending approval.

Impairment losses recognized on our receivables and contract assets were de minimis in 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Contract assets consisted of the following at December 31: 
(In millions)
2019

 
2018

Unbilled
$
13,308

 
$
12,058

Progress payments
(7,186
)
 
(6,464
)
Total contract assets
$
6,122

 
$
5,594



The U.S. government has title to the assets related to unbilled amounts on U.S. government contracts that provide progress payments. Included in contract assets at December 31, 2019 was $24 million which is expected to be collected outside of one year.

Contract assets include retentions arising from contractual provisions. At December 31, 2019, retentions were $94 million. We anticipate collecting $20 million of these retentions in 2020 and the balance thereafter.

In 2019, 2018 and 2017, we recognized revenue of $1,919 million, $1,453 million and $1,434 million related to our contract liabilities at January 1, 2019, January 1, 2018 and January 1, 2017, respectively.