10-Q 1 rtn-04022017x10q.htm FORM 10-Q Document

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
ý
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
 
For the quarterly period ended April 2, 2017
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
 
For the transition period from               to              
Commission File Number 1-13699
________________________________________________________________________________
RAYTHEON COMPANY
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
________________________________________________________________________________ 
Delaware
 
95-1778500
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
870 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(781) 522-3000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
________________________________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes ý   No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes ý   No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
Large accelerated filer
 
ý
 
Accelerated filer
 
o
Non-accelerated filer
 
o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company
 
o
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
 
o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨   No ý
Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of April 24, 2017 was 291,074,000.


RAYTHEON COMPANY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page
PART I
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
PART II
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 6.
 
 

2

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws, including information regarding our financial outlook, future plans, objectives, business prospects, trends and anticipated financial performance, including with respect to our liquidity and capital resources; our capital expenditures; our bookings and backlog; our expected tax payments; our pension expense and funding; the impact of new accounting pronouncements; our unrecognized tax benefits; our expectations regarding customer contracts; our international sales; our recognition of revenue on certain performance obligations; the impact of acquisitions, investments and other business arrangements and the tax deductibility of goodwill; the impact and outcome of audits and legal and administrative proceedings, claims, investigations and commitments and contingencies; the impact of changes in foreign currency rates; and our expectations regarding expenses associated with the make-whole provision on debt we expect to retire. You can identify these statements by the fact that they include words such as “will”, “believe”, “anticipate”, “expect”, “estimate”, “intend”, “plan”, or variations of these words, or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are not statements of historical facts and represent only our current expectations regarding such matters. These statements inherently involve a wide range of known and unknown uncertainties. Our actual actions and results could differ materially from what is expressed or implied by these statements. Specific factors that could cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those set forth under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and other important factors disclosed previously and from time to time in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Given these factors, as well as other variables that may affect our operating results, you should not rely on forward-looking statements, assume that past financial performance will be a reliable indicator of future performance, or use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in future periods. We expressly disclaim any obligation or intention to provide updates to the forward-looking statements and the estimates and assumptions associated with them, except as required by law.



3

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
RAYTHEON COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(In millions, except per share amounts)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
Assets
 
 
 
 
Current assets
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
2,186

 
$
3,303

Short-term investments
 
399

 
100

Receivables, net
 
1,319

 
1,163

Contract assets
 
5,555

 
5,041

Inventories
 
599

 
608

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
457

 
670

Total current assets
 
10,515

 
10,885

Property, plant and equipment, net
 
2,146

 
2,166

Goodwill
 
14,825

 
14,788

Other assets, net
 
2,383

 
2,399

Total assets
 
$
29,869

 
$
30,238

 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Equity
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities
 
 
 
 
Notes payable and current portion of long-term debt
 
$
251

 
$
—

Contract liabilities
 
2,605

 
2,646

Accounts payable
 
1,282

 
1,520

Accrued employee compensation
 
871

 
1,234

Other current liabilities
 
1,298

 
1,139

Total current liabilities
 
6,307

 
6,539

Accrued retiree benefits and other long-term liabilities
 
7,743

 
7,758

Long-term debt
 
5,086

 
5,335

Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
 


 

 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable noncontrolling interest (Note 8)
 
349

 
449

 
 
 
 
 
Equity
 
 
 
 
Raytheon Company stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
 
Common stock, par value, $0.01 per share, 1,450 shares authorized, 291 and 293 shares outstanding at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
 
3

 
3

Additional paid-in capital
 
—

 
—

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
 
(7,218
)
 
(7,411
)
Retained earnings
 
17,599

 
17,565

Total Raytheon Company stockholders’ equity
 
10,384

 
10,157

Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries
 
—

 
—

Total equity
 
10,384

 
10,157

Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest and equity
 
$
29,869

 
$
30,238


The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

4

RAYTHEON COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except per share amounts)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Net sales
 
 
 
 
Products
 
$
5,044

 
$
4,826

Services
 
956

 
976

Total net sales
 
6,000

 
5,802

Operating expenses
 
 
 
 
Cost of sales—products
 
3,756

 
3,639

Cost of sales—services
 
774

 
802

General and administrative expenses
 
729

 
748

Total operating expenses
 
5,259

 
5,189

Operating income
 
741

 
613

Non-operating (income) expense, net
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
 
58

 
58

Interest income
 
(5
)
 
(4
)
Other (income) expense, net
 
(7
)
 
(2
)
Total non-operating (income) expense, net
 
46

 
52

Income from continuing operations before taxes
 
695

 
561

Federal and foreign income taxes
 
198

 
157

Income from continuing operations
 
497

 
404

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
 
3

 
1

Net income
 
500

 
405

Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries
 
(6
)
 
(23
)
Net income attributable to Raytheon Company
 
$
506

 
$
428

 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per share attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations
 
$
1.73

 
$
1.43

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
 
0.01

 
—

Net income
 
1.74

 
1.43

Diluted earnings per share attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations
 
$
1.73

 
$
1.43

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
 
0.01

 
—

Net income
 
1.74

 
1.43

Amounts attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders:
 

 
 
Income from continuing operations
 
$
503

 
$
427

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
 
3

 
1

Net income
 
$
506

 
$
428

 
 
 
 
 
Dividends declared per share
 
$
0.7975

 
$
0.7325

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

RAYTHEON COMPANY 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
Apr 2, 2017

 
Apr 3, 2016

Net income
$
500

 
$
405

Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
 
 
 
Pension and other postretirement benefit plans, net:
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service cost included in net periodic cost
1

 
1

Amortization of net actuarial loss included in net income
281

 
246

Pension and other postretirement benefit plans, net
282

 
247

Foreign exchange translation
11

 
(33
)
Cash flow hedges
(2
)
 
4

Unrealized gains (losses) on investments and other, net
—

 
2

Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
291

 
220

Income tax benefit (expense) related to items of other comprehensive income (loss)
(98
)
 
(94
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
193

 
126

Total comprehensive income
693

 
531

Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries
(6
)
 
(23
)
Comprehensive income attributable to Raytheon Company
$
699

 
$
554

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.


6

RAYTHEON COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
 
Three Months Ended April 2, 2017 and
April 3, 2016 (in millions)
 
Common stock

 
Additional paid-in capital

 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

 
Retained earnings

 
Total Raytheon Company stockholders’ equity

 
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries(1)

 
Total equity

Balance at December 31, 2016
 
$
3

 
$
—

 
$
(7,411
)
 
$
17,565

 
$
10,157

 
$
—

 
$
10,157

Net income (loss)
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
506

 
506

 
 
 
506

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
 
 
 
 
193

 
 
 
193

 
 
 
193

Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
139

 
139

 
 
 
139

Distributions and other activity related to noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
—

 
 
 
—

Dividends declared
 
 
 
1

 
 
 
(232
)
 
(231
)
 
 
 
(231
)
Common stock plans activity
 
 
 
58

 
 
 
 
 
58

 
 
 
58

Share repurchases
 
 
 
(59
)
 
 
 
(379
)
 
(438
)
 
 
 
(438
)
Balance at April 2, 2017
 
$
3

 
$
—

 
$
(7,218
)
 
$
17,599

 
$
10,384

 
$
—

 
$
10,384

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2015
 
$
3

 
$
398

 
$
(7,176
)
 
$
16,956

 
$
10,181

 
$
202

 
$
10,383

Net income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
428

 
428

 
(17
)
 
411

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
 
 
 
 
126

 
 
 
126

 
 
 
126

Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interest to carrying value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25

 
25

 
 
 
25

Distributions and other activity related to noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
—

 
1

 
1

Dividends declared
 
 
 
2

 
 
 
(220
)
 
(218
)
 
 
 
(218
)
Common stock plans activity
 
 
 
64

 
 
 
 
 
64

 
 
 
64

Share repurchases
 
 
 
(434
)
 
 
 
 
 
(434
)
 
 
 
(434
)
Balance at April 3, 2016
 
$
3

 
$
30

 
$
(7,050
)
 
$
17,189

 
$
10,172

 
$
186

 
$
10,358

(1)
Excludes redeemable noncontrolling interest which is not considered equity. See "Note 8: Forcepoint Joint Venture" for additional information.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.


7

RAYTHEON COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Cash flows from operating activities
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
500

 
$
405

(Income) loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
 
(3
)
 
(1
)
Income from continuing operations
 
497

 
404

Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations, net of the effect of acquisitions and divestitures
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
130

 
124

Stock-based compensation
 
57

 
54

Deferred income taxes
 
(54
)
 
(30
)
Changes in assets and liabilities
 
 
 
 
Receivables, net
 
(155
)
 
(94
)
Contract assets and contract liabilities
 
(554
)
 
(295
)
Inventories
 
9

 
41

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
125

 
143

Income taxes receivable/payable
 
244

 
189

Accounts payable
 
(219
)
 
(43
)
Accrued employee compensation
 
(361
)
 
(351
)
Other current liabilities
 
(1
)
 
(43
)
Accrued retiree benefits
 
283

 
221

Other, net
 
(42
)
 
5

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations
 
(41
)
 
325

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from discontinued operations
 
—

 
1

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
 
(41
)
 
326

Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
 
Additions to property, plant and equipment
 
(86
)
 
(150
)
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment
 
11

 
1

Additions to capitalized internal use software
 
(16
)
 
(12
)
Purchases of short-term investments
 
(399
)
 
—

Maturities of short-term investments
 
100

 
127

Payments for purchases of acquired companies, net of cash received
 
(39
)
 
(57
)
Other
 
(1
)
 
—

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
 
(430
)
 
(91
)
Cash flows from financing activities
 
 
 
 
Dividends paid
 
(215
)
 
(201
)
Repurchases of common stock under share repurchase programs
 
(400
)
 
(400
)
Repurchases of common stock to satisfy tax withholding obligations
 
(38
)
 
(34
)
Contribution from noncontrolling interest in Forcepoint
 
8

 
11

Other
 
—

 
(5
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
 
(645
)
 
(629
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
 
(1,116
)
 
(394
)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the year
 
3,303

 
2,328

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period
 
$
2,187

 
$
1,934


The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

8

RAYTHEON COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Note 1: Basis of Presentation
We prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Raytheon Company and all wholly-owned, majority-owned or otherwise controlled subsidiaries on the same basis as our annual audited financial statements. We condensed or omitted certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in our annual audited financial statements, which we prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Our quarterly financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. As used in this report, the terms “we”, “us”, “our”, “Raytheon” and the “Company” mean Raytheon Company and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates another meaning.

In the opinion of management, our financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for presentation of financial statements for interim periods in accordance with U.S. GAAP and with the instructions to Form 10-Q in Article 10 of Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and any such differences may be material to our financial statements.

As previously announced, effective January 1, 2017, we elected to early adopt the requirements of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) using the full retrospective method as discussed below in "Note 2: Accounting Standards". All amounts and disclosures set forth in this Form 10-Q reflect these changes.

Note 2: Accounting Standards
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which replaces numerous requirements in U.S. GAAP, including industry-specific requirements, and provides companies with a single revenue recognition model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The core principle of the new standard is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The two permitted transition methods under the new standard are the full retrospective method, in which case the standard would be applied to each prior reporting period presented and the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the earliest period shown, or the modified retrospective method, in which case the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the date of initial application. In July 2015, the FASB approved the deferral of the new standard's effective date by one year. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The FASB permits companies to adopt the new standard early, but not before the original effective date of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016.


9

Effective January 1, 2017, we elected to early adopt the requirements of Topic 606 using the full retrospective method. The impact to our fiscal quarters and year-ended 2016 and year-ended 2015 income from continuing operations after taxes, net income and basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) was as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Twelve Months Ended
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Dec 31, 2016

 
Oct 2, 2016

 
Jul 3, 2016

 
Apr 3, 2016

 
Dec 31, 2016

 
Dec 31, 2015

Income from continuing operations after taxes
$
12

 
$
18

 
$
9

 
$
—

 
$
39

 
$
40

Net income
12

 
18

 
9

 
—

 
39

 
40

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic EPS attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations after taxes
$
0.04

 
$
0.05

 
$
0.02

 
$
—

 
$
0.10

 
$
0.12

Net income
0.04

 
0.05

 
0.02

 
—

 
0.11

 
0.11

Diluted EPS attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations after taxes
$
0.03

 
$
0.05

 
$
0.03

 
$
—

 
$
0.11

 
$
0.12

Net income
0.04

 
0.05

 
0.03

 
—

 
0.11

 
0.11


In addition, the cumulative impact to our retained earnings at January 1, 2015 was $13 million.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This ASU is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows by providing guidance on eight specific cash flow issues, including requirements that cash payments for debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs be classified as cash outflows for financing activities and proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies be classified as cash inflows from investing activities. The provisions of ASU 2016-15 are effective for years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We have elected to early adopt the requirements of the new standard in the first quarter of 2017 using the retrospective transition method, as required by the new standard. The adoption of this ASU had an immaterial impact to our consolidated statements of cash flows.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, which requires that restricted cash be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The provisions of ASU 2016-18 are effective for years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We have elected to early adopt the requirements of the new standard in the first quarter of 2017 using the retrospective transition method, as required by the new standard. The adoption of this ASU had an immaterial impact to our consolidated statements of cash flows.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts in the consolidated statements of cash flows:

(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
2,186

 
$
3,303

Restricted cash included within prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
1

 
—

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows
 
$
2,187

 
$
3,303


In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for most lease arrangements. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted, and must be adopted using the modified retrospective approach. We are currently evaluating the potential changes from this ASU to our future financial reporting and disclosures. We expect the standard to have an impact of approximately $1 billion on our assets and liabilities for the addition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, but we do not expect it to have a material impact to our results of operations or liquidity.


10

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715), which changes certain presentation and disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit (PRB) plans. This requires the service cost component of the net benefit cost to be in the same line item as other compensation in operating income and the other components of net benefit cost to be presented outside of operating income on a retrospective basis. In addition, only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization when applicable, on a prospective basis. The provisions of ASU 2017-07 are effective for years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential changes from this ASU to our future financial reporting and disclosures. We expect the standard to increase 2016 and 2017 operating income due to the removal of the non-service component of Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) pension expense by $601 million and approximately $800 million respectively, and to decrease non-operating income by the same amount with zero impact to net income in both periods. We do not expect a material impact from the new requirement to only allow capitalization of the service cost component of net benefit cost.

Other new pronouncements issued but not effective until after April 2, 2017 are not expected to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Note 3: Significant Accounting Policies Update
Our significant accounting policies are detailed in "Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. Significant changes to our accounting policies as a result of adopting Topic 606 are discussed below:

Revenue Recognition—The vast majority of our revenues are from long-term contracts associated with the design, development, manufacture or modification of complex aerospace or defense equipment or related services. These contracts primarily are with the U.S. government (including foreign military sales contracted through the U.S. government). Our contracts with the U.S. government typically are subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and are priced based on estimated or actual costs of producing goods or providing services. The FAR provides guidance on the types of costs that are allowable in establishing prices for goods and services provided under U.S. government contracts. The pricing for non-U.S. government contracts is based on the specific negotiations with each customer.

Under the typical payment terms of our U.S. government fixed-price contracts, the customer pays us either performance-based payments (PBPs) or progress payments. PBPs are interim payments up to 90% of the contract price based on quantifiable measures of performance or on the achievement of specified events or milestones. Progress payments are interim payments up to 80% of costs incurred as the work progresses. Because the customer retains a small portion of the contract price until completion of the contract, our U.S. government fixed-price contracts generally result in revenue recognized in excess of billings which we present as contract assets on the balance sheet. Amounts billed and due from our customers are classified as receivables on the balance sheet. The portion of the payments retained by the customer until final contract settlement is not considered a significant financing component because the intent is to protect the customer. For our U.S. government cost-type contracts, the customer generally pays us for our actual costs incurred within a short period of time. For non-U.S. government contracts, we typically receive interim payments as work progresses, although for some contracts, we may be entitled to receive an advance payment. We recognize a liability for these advance payments in excess of revenue recognized and present it as contract liabilities on the balance sheet. The advance payment typically is not considered a significant financing component because it is used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract and to protect us from the other party failing to adequately complete some or all of its obligations under the contract.

To determine the proper revenue recognition method for contracts for complex aerospace or defense equipment or related services, we evaluate whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as one single contract and whether the combined or single contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation. This evaluation requires significant judgment and the decision to combine a group of contracts or separate the combined or single contract into multiple performance obligations could change the amount of revenue and profit recorded in a given period. For most of our contracts, the customer contracts with us to provide a significant service of integrating a complex set of tasks and components into a single project or capability (even if that single project results in the delivery of multiple units). Hence, the entire contract is accounted for as one performance obligation. Less commonly, however, we may promise to provide distinct goods or services within a contract in which case we separate the contract into more than one performance obligation. If a contract is separated into more than one performance obligation, we allocate the total transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised goods or services underlying each performance obligation. We infrequently sell standard products with observable standalone sales. In cases where we do, the observable standalone sales are used to determine the standalone selling price. More frequently, we sell a customized customer specific solution, and in these cases we typically use the expected cost plus a margin approach to estimate the standalone selling price of each performance obligation.


11

We account for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. For certain contracts that meet the foregoing requirements, primarily international direct commercial sale contracts, we recognize revenue before obtaining all regulatory approvals where receipt of those regulatory approvals is virtually certain based upon all known facts and circumstances.

We generally recognize revenue over time as we perform because of continuous transfer of control to the customer. For U.S. government contracts, this continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by clauses in the contract that allow the customer to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay us for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit and take control of any work in process. Similarly, for non-U.S. government contracts, the customer typically controls the work in process as evidenced either by contractual termination clauses or by our rights to payment for work performed to date plus a reasonable profit to deliver products or services that do not have an alternative use to the Company.
 
Because of control transferring over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided. We generally use the cost-to-cost measure of progress for our contracts because it best depicts the transfer of assets to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues, including estimated fees or profits, are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Costs to fulfill include labor, materials and subcontractors’ costs, other direct costs and an allocation of indirect costs including pension and any other postretirement benefit (PRB) expense under U.S. government Cost Accounting Standards (CAS).

Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many of our performance obligations, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion (the process described below in more detail) is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. It is common for our long-term contracts to contain award fees, incentive fees, or other provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. These variable amounts generally are awarded upon achievement of certain performance metrics, program milestones or cost targets and can be based upon customer discretion. We estimate variable consideration at the most likely amount to which we expect to be entitled. We include estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us.

Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. We consider contract modifications to exist when the modification either creates new or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. Most of our contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct from the existing contract due to the significant integration service provided in the context of the contract and are accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price and our measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates, is recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) on a cumulative catch-up basis.

We have a Company-wide standard and disciplined quarterly Estimate at Completion (EAC) process in which management reviews the progress and execution of our performance obligations. As part of this process, management reviews information including, but not limited to, any outstanding key contract matters, progress towards completion and the related program schedule, identified risks and opportunities and the related changes in estimates of revenues and costs. The risks and opportunities include management's judgment about the ability and cost to achieve the schedule (e.g., the number and type of milestone events), technical requirements (e.g., a newly-developed product versus a mature product) and other contract requirements. Management must make assumptions and estimates regarding labor productivity and availability, the complexity of the work to be performed, the availability of materials, the length of time to complete the performance obligation (e.g. to estimate increases in wages and prices for materials and related support cost allocations), execution by our subcontractors, the availability and timing of funding from our customer and overhead cost rates, among other variables. These estimates also include the estimated cost of satisfying our industrial cooperation agreements, sometimes referred to as offset obligations, required under certain contracts.

Based on this analysis, any quarterly adjustments to net sales, cost of sales, and the related impact to operating income are recognized as necessary in the period they become known. These adjustments may result from positive program performance, and may result in an increase in operating income during the performance of individual performance obligations, if we determine we will be successful in mitigating risks surrounding the technical, schedule and cost aspects of those performance obligations or realizing related opportunities. Likewise, these adjustments may result in a decrease in operating income if we determine we will not be successful in mitigating these risks or realizing related opportunities. Changes in estimates of net sales, cost of sales and the related

12

impact to operating income are recognized quarterly on a cumulative catch-up basis, which recognizes in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes on current and prior periods based on a performance obligation's percentage of completion. A significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of one or more of our performance obligations. For performance obligations related to complex aerospace or defense equipment or related services, separately priced extended warranty or product maintenance, when estimates of total costs to be incurred on a performance obligation exceed total estimates of revenue to be earned, a provision for the entire loss on the performance obligation is recognized in the period the loss is determined.

Net EAC adjustments had the following impact on our operating results:
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Operating income
$
54

 
$
21

Income from continuing operations attributable to Raytheon Company
35

 
25

Diluted EPS from continuing operations attributable to Raytheon Company
$
0.12

 
$
0.08


In addition, in the first quarters of 2017 and 2016, net revenue recognized from our performance obligations satisfied in previous periods was $75 million and $45 million, respectively. This primarily relates to EAC adjustments that impacted revenue.

We also sell security software through our Forcepoint™ segment. For the majority of these arrangements, we recognize revenue over the term of the agreement because the software requires continuous updates to provide the intended security functionality.
To a lesser extent in all of our business segments, we enter into other types of contracts including service arrangements and non-subscription software and licensing agreements. We recognize revenue for these arrangements over time or at a point in time depending on our evaluation of when the customer obtains control of the promised goods or services. For software arrangements that include multiple performance obligations, including hardware, perpetual software licenses, subscriptions, term licenses and maintenance and/or services, we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on estimates of the price that we would charge the customer for each promised product or service if it were sold on a standalone basis.

Receivables, Net—Receivables, net, include amounts billed and currently due from customers. The amounts due are stated at their net estimated realizable value. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts to provide for the estimated amount of receivables that will not be collected. The allowance is based upon an assessment of customer creditworthiness, historical payment experience, the age of outstanding receivables and collateral to the extent applicable.

Contract Assets—Contract assets include unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under long-term contracts when the cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition is utilized and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer, and right to payment is not just subject to the passage of time. Amounts may not exceed their net realizable value. Contract assets are generally classified as current.

Deferred Commissions—Our incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which consist of sales commissions primarily for our security software sales at Forcepoint, are deferred and amortized over the period of contract performance or a longer period, generally the estimated life of the customer relationship, if renewals are expected and the renewal commission is not commensurate with the initial commission. We classify deferred commissions as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize the expense. The current and noncurrent portions of deferred commissions are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets, net, respectively, in our consolidated balance sheets. At April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had $32 million of deferred commissions. In the first quarters of 2017 and 2016, we had $5 million and $2 million, respectively, of amortization expense related to deferred commissions.

Contract Liabilities—Our contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized and deferred revenue. We may also receive up-front payments related to software license sales primarily for Forcepoint, which in most cases we recognize ratably over the license term. Our contract assets and liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. We classify advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized as current, and deferred revenue as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize revenue. The noncurrent portion of deferred revenue is included in other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

Remaining Performance Obligations—Remaining performance obligations, represents the transaction price of firm orders for which work has not been performed and excludes unexercised contract options and potential orders under ordering-type contracts (e.g., indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity (IDIQ)). As of April 2, 2017, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $36 billion. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately half and

13

three-quarters of the remaining performance obligations over the next 12 and 24 months, respectively, with the remaining recognized thereafter.

Note 4: Earnings Per Share (EPS)
We compute basic and diluted EPS using actual income from continuing operations attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders, income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders, net income attributable to Raytheon Company and our actual weighted-average shares outstanding rather than the numbers presented within our unaudited consolidated financial statements, which are rounded to the nearest million. As a result, it may not be possible to recalculate EPS as presented in our unaudited consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, it may not be possible to recalculate EPS attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders by adjusting EPS from continuing operations by EPS from discontinued operations.

We include all unvested stock awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents, whether paid or unpaid, in the number of shares outstanding in our basic and diluted EPS calculations as they are considered participating securities. As a result, we have included all of our outstanding unvested restricted stock awards (RSAs), as well as restricted stock units (RSUs) and Long-term Performance Plan (LTPP) awards that meet the retirement eligible criteria in our calculation of basic and diluted EPS. We disclose EPS for common stock and unvested stock-based payment awards, and separately disclose distributed and undistributed earnings. Distributed earnings represent common stock dividends and dividends earned on unvested RSAs and stock-based payment awards of retirement eligible employees. Undistributed earnings represent earnings that were available for distribution but were not distributed. Common stock and unvested stock-based payment awards earn dividends equally.

As described in "Note 8: Forcepoint Joint Venture", we record redeemable noncontrolling interests related to Vista Equity Partners' interest in Forcepoint. We reflect the redemption value adjustments for redeemable noncontrolling interests in both the basic and diluted EPS calculation if redemption value is in excess of the fair value of noncontrolling interest.

EPS from continuing operations attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders and unvested stock-based payment awards was as follows: 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Basic EPS attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
Distributed earnings
 
$
0.80

 
$
0.73

Undistributed earnings
 
0.93

 
0.70

Total
 
$
1.73

 
$
1.43

Diluted EPS attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
Distributed earnings
 
$
0.80

 
$
0.73

Undistributed earnings
 
0.93

 
0.70

Total
 
$
1.73

 
$
1.43

Basic and diluted EPS from discontinued operations attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders and unvested stock-based payment awards was earnings of $0.01 and earnings of less than $0.01 for the first quarters of 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Income attributable to participating securities was as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Income from continuing operations attributable to participating securities
$
7

 
$
7

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax attributable to participating securities(1)
—

 
—

Net income attributable to participating securities
$
7

 
$
7

(1)
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax attributable to participating securities was income of less than $1 million for the first quarters of 2017 and 2016.

14

The weighted-average shares outstanding for basic and diluted EPS were as follows: 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Shares for basic EPS(1)
292.5

 
299.2

Dilutive effect of LTPP and RSUs
0.3

 
0.4

Shares for diluted EPS
292.8

 
299.6

(1)
Includes 4.1 million and 4.8 million participating securities for the three months ended April 2, 2017 and April 3, 2016, respectively.

Note 5: Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following: 
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
Materials and purchased parts
 
$
67

 
$
66

Work in process
 
520

 
532

Finished goods
 
12

 
10

Total
 
$
599

 
$
608


Costs incurred to fulfill a contract prior to contract award, including general and administrative expenses that are specifically chargeable to the customer, are capitalized in inventories if we determine that the costs are probable of recovery under a specific anticipated contract. All other precontract costs, including start-up costs, are expensed as incurred. Costs that are deferred are recognized as contract costs upon the receipt of the anticipated contract. We included capitalized precontract costs of $185 million and $189 million in inventories as work in process at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Note 6: Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities
Our contract assets consist of unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under long-term contracts when the cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition is utilized and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Our contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of costs incurred and deferred revenue. The noncurrent portion of deferred revenue is included in other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

Net contract assets (liabilities) consisted of the following:
(In millions, except percentages)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
 
$ change
 
% change
Contract assets
 
$
5,555

 
$
5,041

 
$
514

 
10.2
 %
Contract liabilities—current
 
(2,605
)
 
(2,646
)
 
41

 
(1.5
)%
Contract liabilities—noncurrent
 
(117
)
 
(128
)
 
11

 
(8.6
)%
Net contract assets (liabilities)
 
$
2,833

 
$
2,267

 
$
566

 
25.0
 %

The $566 million increase in our net contract assets (liabilities) from December 31, 2016 to April 2, 2017 was due to a $514 million increase in our contract assets, primarily due to the timing of milestone payments on certain international programs.    

In the first quarters of 2017 and 2016, we recognized revenue of $612 million and $646 million related to our contract liabilities at January 1, 2017 and January 1, 2016, respectively.

Impairment losses recognized on our receivables and contract assets were de minimus in the first quarters of 2017 and 2016.

Note 7: Acquisitions and Goodwill
In pursuing our business strategies, we acquire and make investments in certain businesses that meet strategic and financial criteria.

In February 2017, our Forcepoint business acquired the Skyfence cloud access security broker business for $39 million in cash, net of cash received, and exclusive of retention payments. Vista Equity Partners contributed 19.7% of the purchase price, which is reflected in contribution from noncontrolling interest in Forcepoint in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Skyfence solutions help companies to determine which cloud applications are in use by employees, analyzes content in real-time to prevent malicious or unauthorized leakage and quickly identifies and blocks cyber-attacks. Skyfence will be integrated into our Forcepoint business to expand and enhance Forcepoint’s strategy to deliver cybersecurity systems that help customers understand people’s behaviors and intent as they interact with data and intellectual property wherever it may reside, including fast-growing cloud. In connection with this acquisition, we have preliminarily recorded $36 million of goodwill, primarily related to expected synergies

15

from combining operations and the value of the existing workforce, all of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes, and $5 million of intangible assets, primarily related to technology and customer relationships, with a weighted-average life of six years. We expect to complete the purchase price allocation process in the second half of 2017 when we receive final valuation results and complete our review.

In January 2016, our Forcepoint business acquired the Stonesoft next-generation firewall (NGFW) business, including the Sidewinder proxy firewall technology. Vista Equity Partners contributed 19.7% of the purchase price, which is reflected in contribution from noncontrolling interest in Forcepoint in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Stonesoft provides NGFW software and hardware solutions that focus on high-availability, centralized management of large networks and protection from advanced evasion techniques. The Sidewinder product provides proxy-based firewall software and hardware solutions, allowing for clear visibility and control of command filtering, protocol enforcement and application access. Stonesoft expands the cloud and hybrid capabilities of Forcepoint. In connection with this acquisition, we have recorded $51 million of goodwill, primarily related to expected synergies from combining operations and the value of the existing workforce, the majority of which is deductible for tax purposes, and $23 million of intangible assets, primarily related to technology and customer relationships, with a weighted-average life of five years.

Pro forma financial information and revenue from the date of acquisition has not been provided for these acquisitions as they are not material either individually or in the aggregate.

A rollforward of goodwill by segment was as follows: 
(In millions)
 
Integrated Defense Systems

 
Intelligence, Information and Services

 
Missile Systems

 
Space and Airborne Systems

 
Forcepoint(1)

 
Total

Balance at December 31, 2016
 
$
1,702

 
$
2,966

 
$
4,154

 
$
4,106

 
$
1,860

 
$
14,788

Acquisitions
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
36

 
36

Effect of foreign exchange rates and other
 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

Balance at April 2, 2017
 
$
1,703

 
$
2,966

 
$
4,154

 
$
4,106

 
$
1,896

 
$
14,825

(1)
At April 2, 2017, Forcepoint's fair value is estimated to exceed its net book value by approximately $360 million. As discussed in "Note 8: Forcepoint Joint Venture", we are required to determine Forcepoint's fair value on a quarterly basis due to the accounting related to the redeemable noncontrolling interest.

Note 8: Forcepoint Joint Venture
In May 2015, we created Forcepoint, a new cybersecurity joint venture company (with Vista Equity Partners), through a series of transactions by which we acquired Websense from Vista Equity Partners and combined it with Raytheon Cyber Products, formerly part of our Intelligence, Information and Services (IIS) segment. We then sold 19.7% of the equity interest in the combined company to Vista Equity Partners for $343 million.

The joint venture agreement between Raytheon and Vista Equity Partners provides Vista Equity Partners with certain rights to require Forcepoint to pursue an initial public offering at any time after four years and three months following the closing date of May 29, 2015, or pursue a sale of the company at any time after five years following the closing date. In either of these events, Raytheon has the option to purchase all (but not less than all) of Vista Equity Partners’ interest in Forcepoint for cash at a price equal to fair value as determined under the joint venture agreement. Additionally, Vista Equity Partners has the ability to liquidate its ownership through a put option any time after two years following the closing date, which could occur anytime after May 29, 2017. In the event of a put option, Vista Equity Partners could require Raytheon to purchase all (but not less than all) of Vista Equity Partners’ interest in Forcepoint for cash at a price equal to fair value as determined under the joint venture agreement. Lastly, at any time after three years following the closing date, Raytheon has the option to purchase all (but not less than all) of Vista Equity Partners’ interest in Forcepoint at a price equal to fair value as determined under the joint venture agreement. The joint venture agreement provides for the process under which the parties would determine the fair value of the interest and could result in a payment by Raytheon shortly after the exercise of the put option; however, the ultimate timing will depend on the actions of the parties and other factors. The estimate of fair value for purposes of presenting the redeemable noncontrolling interest in our consolidated balance sheets could differ from the parties' determination of fair value for the put option under the joint venture agreement.

Vista Equity Partners' interest in Forcepoint is presented as redeemable noncontrolling interest, outside of stockholders' equity, in our consolidated balance sheets. The redeemable noncontrolling interest is recognized at the greater of the estimated redemption value as of the balance sheet date, which was $349 million at April 2, 2017, or the carrying value, defined as the initial value adjusted for Vista Equity Partners' share of the cumulative impact of net income (loss) and other changes in accumulated other

16

comprehensive income (loss), which was $327 million at April 2, 2017. Adjustments to the redemption value over the period from the date of acquisition to the date the redemption feature becomes puttable are immediately recorded to retained earnings.

A rollforward of redeemable noncontrolling interest was as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Beginning balance
 
$
449

 
$
355

Net income (loss)
 
(6
)
 
(6
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(1)
 
—

 
—

Contribution from noncontrolling interest
 
8

 
11

Adjustment of noncontrolling interest to redemption value
 
(102
)
 
—

Adjustment of noncontrolling interest to carrying value
 
—

 
(25
)
Ending balance
 
$
349

 
$
335

(1)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, was income of less than $1 million for the three months ended April 2, 2017 and a loss of less than $1 million for the three months ended April 3, 2016.

Note 9: Derivatives and Other Financial Instruments
Derivatives—Our primary market exposures are to foreign exchange rates and interest rates, and we use certain derivative financial instruments to help manage these exposures. We execute these instruments with financial institutions that we judge to be credit-worthy, and the majority of our foreign currency forward contracts are denominated in currencies of major industrial countries. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

The fair value of asset derivatives included in other assets, net and liability derivatives included in other current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets related to foreign currency contracts were $46 million and $41 million, respectively, at April 2, 2017 and $53 million and $48 million, respectively, at December 31, 2016. The fair values of these derivatives are Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016 because they are determined based on a market approach utilizing externally quoted forward rates for similar contracts.

We use foreign currency forward contracts to fix the functional currency value of specific commitments, payments and receipts. The aggregate notional amount of the outstanding foreign currency forward contracts was $1,324 million and $1,277 million at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The net notional exposure of these contracts was approximately $195 million and $342 million at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Our foreign currency forward contracts contain offset or netting provisions to mitigate credit risk in the event of counterparty default, including payment default and cross default. At April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the fair value of our counterparty default exposure was less than $1 million and spread across numerous highly rated counterparties.

There were no interest rate swaps outstanding at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Other Financial Instruments—We invest in marketable securities in accordance with our short-term investment policy and cash management strategy. These marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value as short-term investments in our consolidated balance sheets. These investments are deemed Level 2 assets under the fair value hierarchy at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, as their fair value is determined under a market approach using valuation models that utilize observable inputs, including maturity date, issue date, settlement date and current rates. At April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had short-term investments of $399 million and $100 million, respectively, consisting of highly rated bank certificates of deposit with a minimum long-term debt rating of A or A2 and a minimum short-term debt rating of A-1 and P-1. As of April 2, 2017, our short-term investments had an average maturity of approximately four months. The amortized cost of these securities closely approximated their fair value at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016. There were no securities deemed to have other than temporary declines in value for the first quarter of 2017. In the first quarters of 2017 and 2016, we recorded unrealized gains on short-term investments of less than $1 million, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCL). We did not have any sales of short-term investments in the first quarters of 2017 and 2016. For purposes of computing realized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, we determine cost on a specific identification basis.


17

In addition to the financial instruments discussed above, we hold other financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, notes receivable and debt. The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents and notes receivable approximated their fair values. The carrying value of long-term debt was recorded at amortized cost. The estimated fair value of long-term debt was determined based on quoted prices in inactive markets, which falls within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The carrying value and estimated fair value of long-term debt were as follows:
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
Carrying value of long-term debt (1)
 
$
5,337

 
$
5,335

Fair value of long-term debt (2)
 
5,848

 
5,848

(1) Carrying value of long-term debt at April 2, 2017 includes current portion of long-term debt carrying value of $251 million.
(2) Fair value of long-term debt at April 2, 2017 includes current portion of long-term debt fair value of $264 million.

In addition, we did not have any transfers of assets or liabilities between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the first quarter of 2017.

Note 10: Commitments and Contingencies
Environmental Matters—We are involved in various stages of investigation and cleanup related to remediation of various environmental sites. Our estimate of the liability of total environmental remediation costs includes the use of a discount rate and takes into account that a portion of these costs is eligible for future recovery through the pricing of our products and services to the U.S. government. We consider such recovery probable based on government contracting regulations and our long history of receiving reimbursement for such costs, and accordingly have recorded the estimated future recovery of these costs from the U.S. government within prepaid expenses and other current assets, in our consolidated balance sheets. Our estimates regarding remediation costs to be incurred were as follows:
(In millions, except percentages)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
Total remediation costs—undiscounted
 
$
216

 
$
219

Weighted average discount rate
 
5.2
%
 
5.2
%
Total remediation costs—discounted
 
$
153

 
$
147

Recoverable portion
 
96

 
92


We also lease certain government-owned properties and generally are not liable for remediation of preexisting environmental contamination at these sites. As a result, we generally do not provide for these costs in our consolidated financial statements.

Due to the complexity of environmental laws and regulations, the varying costs and effectiveness of alternative cleanup methods and technologies, the uncertainty of insurance coverage and the unresolved extent of our responsibility, it is difficult to determine the ultimate outcome of environmental matters. However, we do not expect any additional liability to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Financing Arrangements and Other—We issue guarantees, and banks and surety companies issue, on our behalf, letters of credit and surety bonds to meet various bid, performance, warranty, retention and advance payment obligations of us or our affiliates. These instruments expire on various dates through 2024. Additional guarantees of project performance for which there is no stated value also remain outstanding. The stated values outstanding consisted of the following:
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
Guarantees
 
$
206

 
$
190

Letters of credit
 
2,420

 
2,345

Surety bonds
 
127

 
127


Included in guarantees and letters of credit described above were $196 million and $46 million, respectively, at April 2, 2017, and $180 million and $44 million, respectively, at December 31, 2016, related to our joint venture in Thales-Raytheon Systems Co. Ltd. (TRS). As previously disclosed in the 2016 10-K, the joint venture agreement for the TRS joint venture was amended and restated in 2016, reducing the scope of the joint venture to Thales-Raytheon Systems Air and Missile Defense Command and Control S.A.S. (TRS AMDC2) only. We provide these guarantees and letters of credit to TRS AMDC2 and other affiliates to assist these entities in obtaining financing on more favorable terms, making bids on contracts and performing their contractual obligations. While we expect these entities to satisfy their loans and meet their project performance and other contractual obligations, their failure to do so may result in a future obligation to us. We periodically evaluate the risk of TRS AMDC2 and other affiliates failing to meet their obligations described above. At April 2, 2017, we believe the risk that TRS AMDC2 and other affiliates will not be able to meet their obligations is minimal for the foreseeable future based on their current financial condition. All obligations were

18

current at April 2, 2017. We had an estimated liability of $3 million at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016 related to these guarantees and letters of credit.

As discussed in "Note 8: Forcepoint Joint Venture", under the joint venture agreement between Raytheon Company and Vista Equity Partners, Raytheon may be required to purchase Vista Equity Partners' interest in Forcepoint.

We have entered into industrial cooperation agreements, sometimes referred to as offset agreements, as a condition to obtaining orders for our products and services from certain customers in foreign countries. At April 2, 2017, the aggregate amount of our offset agreements, both agreed to and anticipated to be agreed to, had an outstanding notional value of approximately $8.5 billion. These agreements are designed to return economic value to the foreign country by requiring us to engage in activities supporting local defense or commercial industries, promoting a balance of trade, developing in-country technology capabilities or addressing other local development priorities. Offset agreements may be satisfied through activities that do not require a direct cash payment, including transferring technology, providing manufacturing, training and other consulting support to in-country projects, and the purchase by third parties (e.g., our vendors) of supplies from in-country vendors. These agreements may also be satisfied through our use of cash for activities such as subcontracting with local partners, purchasing supplies from in-country vendors, providing financial support for in-country projects and making investments in local ventures. Such activities may also vary by country depending upon requirements as dictated by their governments. We typically do not commit to offset agreements until orders for our products or services are definitive. The amounts ultimately applied against our offset agreements are based on negotiations with the customers and typically require cash outlays that represent only a fraction of the notional value in the offset agreements. Offset programs usually extend over several or more years and may provide for penalties in the event we fail to perform in accordance with offset requirements. We have historically not been required to pay any such penalties.

As a U.S. government contractor, we are subject to many levels of audit and investigation by the U.S. government relating to our contract performance and compliance with applicable rules and regulations. Agencies that oversee contract performance include: the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA); the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA); the Inspectors General of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and other departments and agencies; the Government Accountability Office (GAO); the Department of Justice (DoJ); and Congressional Committees. From time to time, these and other agencies investigate or conduct audits to determine whether our operations are being conducted in accordance with applicable requirements. Such investigations and audits may be initiated due to a number of reasons, including as a result of a whistleblower complaint. Such investigations and audits could result in administrative, civil or criminal liabilities, including repayments, fines or penalties being imposed upon us, the suspension of government export licenses or the suspension or debarment from future U.S. government contracting. U.S. government investigations often take years to complete and many result in no adverse action against us. Our final allowable incurred costs for each year are also subject to audit and have, from time to time, resulted in disputes between us and the U.S. government, with litigation resulting at the Court of Federal Claims (COFC) or the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (ASBCA) or their related courts of appeals. In addition, the DoJ has, from time to time, convened grand juries to investigate possible irregularities by us. We also provide products and services to customers outside of the U.S., and those sales are subject to local government laws, regulations and procurement policies and practices. Our compliance with such local government regulations or any applicable U.S. government regulations (e.g., the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR)) may also be investigated or audited. Other than as specifically disclosed herein, we do not expect these audits, investigations or disputes to have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity, either individually or in the aggregate.

In addition, various other claims and legal proceedings generally incidental to the normal course of business are pending or threatened against, or initiated by, us. We do not expect any of these proceedings to result in any additional liability or gains that would materially affect our financial position, results of operations or liquidity. In connection with certain of our legal matters, we may be entitled to insurance recovery for qualified legal costs. We do not expect any insurance recovery to have a material impact on the financial exposure that could result from these matters.

Note 11: Stockholders’ Equity
The changes in shares of our common stock outstanding were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Beginning balance
 
292.8

 
299.0

Stock plans activity
 
1.1

 
1.4

Share repurchases
 
(2.9
)
 
(3.5
)
Ending balance
 
291.0

 
296.9



19

From time to time, our Board of Directors authorizes the repurchase of shares of our common stock. In November 2015, our Board authorized the repurchase of up to $2.0 billion of our outstanding common stock. At April 2, 2017, we had approximately $1.2 billion available under the 2015 repurchase program. Share repurchases will take place from time to time at management’s discretion depending on market conditions.

Share repurchases also include shares surrendered by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with RSAs, RSUs and LTPP awards issued to employees.

Our share repurchases were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
 
 
$
Shares

 
$
Shares

Shares repurchased under our share repurchase programs
 
$
400

2.7

 
$
400

3.2

Shares repurchased to satisfy tax withholding obligations
 
38

0.2

 
34

0.3

Total share repurchases
 
$
438

2.9

 
$
434

3.5


In March 2017, our Board of Directors authorized an 8.9% increase to our annual dividend payout rate from $2.93 to $3.19 per share. Our Board of Directors also declared dividends of $0.7975 per share during the first quarter of 2017, compared to dividends of $0.7325 per share during the first quarter of 2016. Dividends are subject to quarterly approval by our Board of Directors.

Stock-based Compensation Plans
RSAs and RSUs—During the first quarter of 2017, we granted 1.0 million RSAs and RSUs with a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $151.91, calculated under the intrinsic value method. These awards generally vest in equal installments on each of the second, third and fourth anniversary dates of the award's grant date.

LTPP—During the first quarter of 2017, we granted RSUs subject to the 2017–2019 LTPP plan with an aggregate target award of 0.1 million units and a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $151.94. The performance goals for the 2017–2019 LTPP award are independent of each other and based on three metrics, as defined in the award agreements: return on invested capital (ROIC), weighted at 50%; total shareholder return (TSR) relative to a peer group, weighted at 25%; and cumulative free cash flow from continuing operations (CFCF), weighted at 25%. The ultimate award, which is determined at the end of the three-year cycle, can range from zero to 200% of the target award and includes dividend equivalents, which are not included in the aggregate target award numbers. The grant-date fair value is based upon the value determined under the intrinsic value method for the CFCF and ROIC portions of the award and the Monte Carlo simulation method for the TSR portion of the award.

Forcepoint Plans—In 2015, Forcepoint established long-term incentive plans that provide for awards of unit appreciation rights and profits interests in the joint venture to Forcepoint management and key employees. Awards are approved by the Board of Forcepoint. These awards vest over a specified period of time and settlement is subject to a liquidity event defined as either a change in control or an initial public offering of the joint venture. In certain limited circumstances other vesting conditions may apply and the income attributable to these vesting conditions was $1 million for the first quarter of 2017. At April 2, 2017, there were 131 thousand combined units and/or profits interests authorized for award under these plans.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) includes gains and losses associated with pension and PRB, foreign exchange translation adjustments, the effective portion of gains and losses on derivative instruments qualified as cash flow hedges, and unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale investments. The computation of other comprehensive income (loss) and its components are presented in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

20

A rollforward of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) was as follows:
 
Pension and PRB plans, net(1)

 
Foreign exchange translation

 
Cash flow hedges(2)

 
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments and other, net(3)

 
Total

 
 
 
 
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
(7,234
)
 
$
(175
)
 
$
—

 
$
(2
)
 
$
(7,411
)
Before tax amount
282

 
11

 
(2
)
 
—

 
291

Tax (expense) or benefit
(99
)
 
—

 
1

 
—

 
(98
)
Net of tax amount
183

 
11

 
(1
)
 
—

 
193

Balance at April 2, 2017
$
(7,051
)
 
$
(164
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
(7,218
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2015
$
(7,088
)
 
$
(60
)
 
$
(16
)
 
$
(12
)
 
$
(7,176
)
Before tax amount
247

 
(33
)
 
4

 
2

 
220

Tax (expense) or benefit
(91
)
 
—

 
(2
)
 
(1
)
 
(94
)
Net of tax amount
156

 
(33
)
 
2

 
1

 
126

Balance at April 3, 2016
$
(6,932
)
 
$
(93
)
 
$
(14
)
 
$
(11
)
 
$
(7,050
)
(1)
The pension and PRB plans, net, is shown net of tax benefits of $3,782 million and $3,881 million at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
(2)
The cash flow hedges are shown net of tax benefits of $2 million and $1 million at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
(3)
The unrealized gains (losses) on investments and other, net are shown net of tax expense of $1 million at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Material amounts reclassified out of AOCL were related to amortization of net actuarial loss associated with our pension and PRB plans and were $281 million and $246 million before tax in the first quarters of 2017 and 2016, respectively. This component of AOCL is included in the calculation of net periodic pension expense (income) (see "Note 12: Pension and Other Employee Benefits" for additional details).

We expect $1 million of after tax net unrealized losses on our cash flow hedges at April 2, 2017 to be reclassified into earnings at then-current values over the next 12 months as the underlying hedged transactions occur.

Note 12: Pension and Other Employee Benefits
We have pension plans covering the majority of our employees hired prior to January 1, 2007, including certain employees in foreign countries (Pension Benefits). Our primary pension obligations relate to our domestic Internal Revenue Service (IRS) qualified pension plans. In addition, we provide certain health care and life insurance benefits to retired employees and to eligible employees upon retirement through PRB plans.

We also sponsor nonqualified defined benefit and defined contribution plans to provide benefits in excess of qualified plan limits. We have set aside certain assets in a separate trust, which we expect to be used to pay for trust obligations. The fair value of marketable securities held in trust, which are considered Level 1 assets under the fair value hierarchy, consisted of the following:
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
Marketable securities held in trust
 
$
575

 
$
550


Included in marketable securities held in trust in the table above was $370 million and $354 million at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, related to the nonqualified defined contribution plans. The liabilities related to the nonqualified defined contribution plans were $376 million and $360 million at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.


21

The components of net periodic pension expense (income) were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Service cost
 
$
117

 
$
123

Interest cost
 
267

 
272

Expected return on plan assets
 
(345
)
 
(379
)
Amounts reflected in net funded status
 
39

 
16

Amortization of prior service cost included in net periodic pension expense
 
1

 
1

Recognized net actuarial loss
 
279

 
245

Loss due to settlements
 
—

 
3

Amounts reclassified during the period
 
280

 
249

Net periodic pension expense (income)
 
$
319

 
$
265


Net periodic pension expense (income) includes expense of less than $1 million and income of $1 million from foreign Pension Benefits plans in the first quarters of 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Net periodic PRB expense was $6 million and $4 million in the first quarters of 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Long-term pension and PRB liabilities consisted of the following:
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
Long-term pension liabilities
 
$
7,065

 
$
7,074

Long-term PRB liabilities
 
360

 
358

Total long-term pension and PRB liabilities
 
$
7,425

 
$
7,432


We made the following contributions to our pension and PRB plans:
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Required pension contributions
$
37

 
$
43

PRB contributions
5

 
5


We did not make any discretionary contributions to our pension plans during the first quarters of 2017 and 2016; however, we periodically evaluate whether to make discretionary contributions.

Note 13: Income Taxes
We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. We have participated in the IRS Compliance Assurance Process (CAP) program since 2011. All IRS examinations of our tax years prior to 2015 are closed. We continue to participate in the CAP program for the 2015, 2016 and 2017 tax years. We are also under audit by multiple state and foreign tax authorities.

There has been no material change in our unrecognized tax benefit since December 31, 2016.

Note 14: Business Segment Reporting
Our reportable segments, organized based on capabilities and technologies, are: Integrated Defense Systems (IDS); Intelligence, Information and Services (IIS); Missile Systems (MS); Space and Airborne Systems (SAS); and Forcepoint. Segment total net sales and operating income include intersegment sales and profit generally recorded at cost-plus a specified fee, which may differ from what the selling entity would be able to obtain on sales to external customers. Eliminations includes intersegment sales and profit eliminations. Corporate operating income includes expenses that represent unallocated costs and certain other corporate costs not considered part of management’s evaluation of reportable segment operating performance. Acquisition Accounting Adjustments include the adjustments to record acquired deferred revenue at fair value as part of our purchase price allocation process and the amortization of acquired intangible assets related to historical acquisitions.


22

As previously announced, effective January 1, 2017, we elected to early adopt the requirements of Topic 606 using the full retrospective method as discussed in "Note 2: Accounting Standards". The amounts and presentation of our business segments, including corporate and eliminations for intersegment activity, set forth in this Form 10-Q reflect these changes.

Segment financial results were as follows: 
 
Three Months Ended
Total Net Sales (in millions)
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Integrated Defense Systems
$
1,398

 
$
1,336

Intelligence, Information and Services
1,507

 
1,532

Missile Systems
1,756

 
1,723

Space and Airborne Systems
1,555

 
1,445

Forcepoint
144

 
139

Eliminations
(350
)
 
(347
)
Total business segment sales
6,010

 
5,828

Acquisition Accounting Adjustments
(10
)
 
(26
)
Total
$
6,000

 
$
5,802


 
 
Three Months Ended
Intersegment Sales (in millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Integrated Defense Systems
 
$
15

 
$
17

Intelligence, Information and Services
 
177

 
167

Missile Systems
 
28

 
35

Space and Airborne Systems
 
126

 
125

Forcepoint
 
4

 
3

Total
 
$
350

 
$
347


 
 
Three Months Ended
Operating Income (in millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Integrated Defense Systems
 
$
212

 
$
146

Intelligence, Information and Services
 
111

 
104

Missile Systems
 
216

 
192

Space and Airborne Systems
 
190

 
167

Forcepoint
 
16

 
18

Eliminations
 
(37
)
 
(33
)
Total business segment operating income
 
708

 
594

Acquisition Accounting Adjustments
 
(42
)
 
(58
)
FAS/CAS Adjustment
 
108

 
105

Corporate
 
(33
)
 
(28
)
Total
 
$
741

 
$
613


 
 
Three Months Ended
Intersegment Operating Income (in millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Integrated Defense Systems
 
$
1

 
$
—

Intelligence, Information and Services
 
17

 
16

Missile Systems
 
3

 
3

Space and Airborne Systems
 
13

 
12

Forcepoint
 
3

 
2

Total
 
$
37

 
$
33



23

The FAS/CAS Adjustment, which is reported as a separate line in our segment results above, represents the difference between our pension and PRB expense or income under FAS in accordance with U.S. GAAP and our pension and PRB expense under U.S. government CAS. The results of each segment only include pension and PRB expense under CAS that we generally recover through the pricing of our products and services to the U.S. government. The components of the FAS/CAS Adjustment were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
FAS/CAS Adjustment Income (Expense) (in millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
FAS/CAS Pension Adjustment
 
$
109

 
$
105

FAS/CAS PRB Adjustment
 
(1
)
 
—

FAS/CAS Adjustment
 
$
108

 
$
105


Total assets for each of our business segments were as follows:
Total Assets (in millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
Integrated Defense Systems(1)
 
$
4,782

 
$
4,573

Intelligence, Information and Services(1)
 
4,323

 
4,315

Missile Systems(1)
 
7,456

 
6,970

Space and Airborne Systems(1)
 
6,553

 
6,564

Forcepoint(1)
 
2,520

 
2,548

Corporate
 
4,235

 
5,268

Total
 
$
29,869

 
$
30,238

(1)
Total assets includes intangible assets. Related amortization expense is included in Acquisition Accounting Adjustments.


24

We disaggregate our revenue from contracts with customers by geographic location, customer-type and contract-type for each of our segments, as we believe it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. See details in the tables below.

 
 
Three Months Ended April 2, 2017
Disaggregation of Total Net Sales 
(in millions)
 
Integrated Defense Systems

 
Intelligence, Information and Services

 
Missile Systems

 
Space and Airborne Systems

 
Forcepoint

 
Other

 
Total

United States
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales to the U.S. government(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price contracts
 
$
185

 
$
263

 
$
604

 
$
531

 
$
22

 
$
—

 
$
1,605

Cost-type contracts
 
370

 
861

 
483

 
662

 
3

 
—

 
2,379

Direct commercial sales and other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price contracts
 
2

 
26

 
—

 
7

 
53

 
—

 
88

Cost-type contracts
 
—

 
10

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
10

Asia/Pacific
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign military sales through the U.S. government
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price contracts
 
44

 
43

 
71

 
18

 
—

 
—

 
176

Cost-type contracts
 
34

 
17

 
17

 
2

 
—

 
—

 
70

Direct commercial sales and other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price contracts
 
158

 
37

 
47

 
74

 
12

 
—

 
328

Cost-type contracts
 
39

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
39

Middle East and North Africa
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign military sales through the U.S. government
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price contracts
 
269

 
5

 
104

 
40

 
—

 
—

 
418

Cost-type contracts
 
38

 
—

 
6

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
44

Direct commercial sales and other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price contracts
 
223

 
6

 
233

 
52

 
6

 
—

 
520

Cost-type contracts
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

All other (principally Europe)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign military sales through the U.S. government
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price contracts
 
—

 
2

 
26

 
8

 
—

 
—

 
36

Cost-type contracts
 
5

 
—

 
17

 
2

 
—

 
—

 
24

Direct commercial sales and other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price contracts
 
11

 
54

 
119

 
33

 
34

 
—

 
251

Cost-type contracts
 
5

 
6

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
12

Total net sales
 
1,383

 
1,330

 
1,728

 
1,429

 
130

 
—

 
6,000

Intersegment sales
 
15

 
177

 
28

 
126

 
4

 
(350
)
 
—

Acquisition Accounting Adjustments
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
10

 
(10
)
 
—

Reconciliation to business segment sales
 
$
1,398

 
$
1,507

 
$
1,756

 
$
1,555

 
$
144

 
$
(360
)
 
$
6,000

(1)    Excludes foreign military sales through the U.S. government.

25

 
 
Three Months Ended April 2, 2017
Total Net Sales by Geographic Areas (in millions)
 
Integrated Defense Systems

 
Intelligence, Information and Services

 
Missile Systems

 
Space and Airborne Systems

 
Forcepoint

 
Total

United States
 
$
557

 
$
1,160

 
$
1,087

 
$
1,200

 
$
78

 
$
4,082

Asia/Pacific
 
275

 
97

 
135

 
94

 
12

 
613

Middle East and North Africa
 
530

 
11

 
343

 
92

 
6

 
982

All other (principally Europe)
 
21

 
62

 
163

 
43

 
34

 
323

Total net sales
 
$
1,383

 
$
1,330

 
$
1,728

 
$
1,429

 
$
130

 
$
6,000

 
 
Three Months Ended April 2, 2017
Total Net Sales by Major Customers (in millions)
 
Integrated Defense Systems

 
Intelligence, Information and Services

 
Missile Systems

 
Space and Airborne Systems

 
Forcepoint

 
Total

Sales to the U.S. government(1)
 
$
555

 
$
1,124

 
$
1,087

 
$
1,193

 
$
25

 
$
3,984

U.S. direct commercial sales and other
 
2

 
36

 
—

 
7

 
53

 
98

Foreign military sales through the U.S. government
 
390

 
67

 
241

 
70

 
—

 
768

Foreign direct commercial sales and other(1)
 
436

 
103

 
400

 
159

 
52

 
1,150

Total net sales
 
$
1,383

 
$
1,330

 
$
1,728

 
$
1,429

 
$
130

 
$
6,000

(1)    Excludes foreign military sales through the U.S. government.
 
 
Three Months Ended April 2, 2017
Total Net Sales by Contract Type (in millions)
 
Integrated Defense Systems

 
Intelligence, Information and Services

 
Missile Systems

 
Space and Airborne Systems

 
Forcepoint

 
Total

Fixed-price contracts
 
$
892

 
$
436

 
$
1,204

 
$
763

 
$
127

 
$
3,422

Cost-type contracts
 
491

 
894

 
524

 
666

 
3

 
2,578

Total net sales
 
$
1,383

 
$
1,330

 
$
1,728

 
$
1,429

 
$
130

 
$
6,000



26

 
 
Three Months Ended April 3, 2016
Disaggregation of Total Net Sales
 (in millions)
 
Integrated Defense Systems

 
Intelligence, Information and Services

 
Missile Systems

 
Space and Airborne Systems

 
Forcepoint

 
Other

 
Total

United States
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales to the U.S. government(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price contracts
 
$
179

 
$
268

 
$
649

 
$
529

 
$
19

 
$
—

 
$
1,644

Cost-type contracts
 
377

 
855

 
479

 
545

 
4

 
—

 
2,260

Direct commercial sales and other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price contracts
 
6

 
39

 
—

 
10

 
45

 
—

 
100

Cost-type contracts
 
1

 
12

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
14

Asia/Pacific
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign military sales through the U.S. government
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price contracts
 
19

 
42

 
80

 
32

 
—

 
—

 
173

Cost-type contracts
 
29

 
2

 
13

 
2

 
—

 
—

 
46

Direct commercial sales and other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price contracts
 
120

 
34

 
36

 
55

 
11

 
—

 
256

Cost-type contracts
 
45

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
46

Middle East and North Africa
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign military sales through the U.S. government
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price contracts
 
190

 
8

 
100

 
42

 
—

 
—

 
340

Cost-type contracts
 
49

 
—

 
8

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
57

Direct commercial sales and other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price contracts
 
246

 
7

 
177

 
56

 
3

 
—

 
489

Cost-type contracts
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

All other (principally Europe)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign military sales through the U.S. government
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price contracts
 
7

 
1

 
34

 
13

 
—

 
—

 
55

Cost-type contracts
 
7

 
—

 
21

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
29

Direct commercial sales and other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-price contracts
 
39

 
88

 
89

 
34

 
28

 
—

 
278

Cost-type contracts
 
5

 
9

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
15

Total net sales
 
1,319

 
1,365

 
1,688

 
1,320

 
110

 
—

 
5,802

Intersegment sales
 
17

 
167

 
35

 
125

 
3

 
(347
)
 
—

Acquisition Accounting Adjustments
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
26

 
(26
)
 
—

Reconciliation to business segment sales
 
$
1,336

 
$
1,532

 
$
1,723

 
$
1,445

 
$
139

 
$
(373
)
 
$
5,802

(1)    Excludes foreign military sales through the U.S. government.
 
 
Three Months Ended April 3, 2016
Total Net Sales by Geographic Areas (in millions)
 
Integrated Defense Systems

 
Intelligence, Information and Services

 
Missile Systems

 
Space and Airborne Systems

 
Forcepoint

 
Total

United States
 
$
563

 
$
1,174

 
$
1,128

 
$
1,085

 
$
68

 
$
4,018

Asia/Pacific
 
213

 
78

 
130

 
89

 
11

 
521

Middle East and North Africa
 
485

 
15

 
285

 
98

 
3

 
886

All other (principally Europe)
 
58

 
98

 
145

 
48

 
28

 
377

Total net sales
 
$
1,319

 
$
1,365

 
$
1,688

 
$
1,320

 
$
110

 
$
5,802



27

 
 
Three Months Ended April 3, 2016
Total Net Sales by Major Customers (in millions)
 
Integrated Defense Systems

 
Intelligence, Information and Services

 
Missile Systems

 
Space and Airborne Systems

 
Forcepoint

 
Total

Sales to the U.S. government(1)
 
$
556

 
$
1,123

 
$
1,128

 
$
1,074

 
$
23

 
$
3,904

U.S. direct commercial sales and other
 
7

 
51

 
—

 
11

 
45

 
114

Foreign military sales through the U.S. government
 
301

 
53

 
256

 
90

 
—

 
700

Foreign direct commercial sales and other(1)
 
455

 
138

 
304

 
145

 
42

 
1,084

Total net sales
 
$
1,319

 
$
1,365

 
$
1,688

 
$
1,320

 
$
110

 
$
5,802

(1)    Excludes foreign military sales through the U.S. government.
 
 
Three Months Ended April 3, 2016
Total Net Sales by Contract Type (in millions)
 
Integrated Defense Systems

 
Intelligence, Information and Services

 
Missile Systems

 
Space and Airborne Systems

 
Forcepoint

 
Total

Fixed-price contracts
 
$
806

 
$
487

 
$
1,165

 
$
771

 
$
106

 
$
3,335

Cost-type contracts
 
513

 
878

 
523

 
549

 
4

 
2,467

Total net sales
 
$
1,319

 
$
1,365

 
$
1,688

 
$
1,320

 
$
110

 
$
5,802


Note 15: Subsequent Events
We have evaluated subsequent events through the time of filing this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with the SEC.

On April 11, 2017, the Company gave notice to redeem $591 million aggregate principal amount of notes due in March and December 2018. In the second quarter of 2017, we expect to record in other (income) expense a charge associated with the make-whole provision on the retired debt estimated at approximately $40 million pretax, $26 million after tax, based upon current market estimates, which will be included in cash flows from financing activities. We expect to finance the repayment of principal and the make-whole provision with cash on hand and the issuance of commercial paper.


28

With respect to the unaudited consolidated financial information of Raytheon Company for the three months ended April 2, 2017 and April 3, 2016, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PricewaterhouseCoopers) reported that it has applied limited procedures in accordance with professional standards for a review of such information. Its report dated April 27, 2017, appearing below, states that the firm did not audit and does not express an opinion on that unaudited consolidated financial information. Accordingly, the degree of reliance on its report on such information should be restricted in light of the limited nature of the review procedures applied. PricewaterhouseCoopers is not subject to the liability provisions of Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 (Securities Act) for its report on the unaudited consolidated financial information because that report is not a “report” or a “part” of a registration statement prepared or certified by PricewaterhouseCoopers within the meaning of Sections 7 and 11 of the Securities Act.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Raytheon Company:
We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Raytheon Company and its subsidiaries as of April 2, 2017, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income, of equity and of cash flows for the three-month periods ended April 2, 2017 and April 3, 2016. This interim financial information is the responsibility of the Company’s management.

We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying consolidated interim financial information for it to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income, of equity, and of cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 15, 2017, which included a paragraph describing a change in the manner of accounting for the income tax effects of share-based payment transactions, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. As discussed in Note 2 to the accompanying consolidated interim financial information, the Company changed its method of accounting for revenue transactions in 2017. The accompanying December 31, 2016 consolidated balance sheet reflects this change.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
April 27, 2017

29

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
OVERVIEW
We develop technologically advanced and integrated products, services and solutions in our core markets: sensing; effects; command, control, communications, computers, cyber and intelligence; mission support; and cybersecurity. We serve both domestic and international customers, primarily as a prime contractor or subcontractor on a broad portfolio of defense and related programs for government customers.

We operate in five segments: Integrated Defense Systems (IDS); Intelligence, Information and Services (IIS); Missile Systems (MS); Space and Airborne Systems (SAS); and Forcepoint. For a more detailed description of our segments, see “Business Segments” within Item 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

As previously announced, effective January 1, 2017, we elected to early adopt the requirements of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) using the full retrospective method as discussed in "Note 2: Accounting Standards" within Item 1 of this Form 10-Q. All amounts and disclosures set forth in this Form 10-Q reflect these changes.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES UPDATE
Our consolidated financial statements are based on the application of U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), which require us to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in our unaudited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Our critical accounting estimates are detailed in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. Significant changes to our critical accounting estimates as a result of adopting Topic 606 are discussed below:
 
Revenue Recognition
We determine the appropriate revenue recognition for our contracts with customers by analyzing the type, terms and conditions of each contract or arrangement with a customer. We classify contract revenues as product or service according to the predominant attributes of the relevant underlying contracts unless the contract can clearly be split between product and service. We define service revenue as revenue from activities that are not associated with the design, development or production of tangible assets, the delivery of software code or a specific capability. Our service revenue is primarily related to our IIS business segment.

The following provides additional information about our contracts with customers, the judgments we make in accounting for those contracts, and the resulting amounts recognized in our financial statements.

Accounting for long-term contracts for complex aerospace or defense equipment (or related services)—To determine the proper revenue recognition method for contracts for complex aerospace or defense equipment or related services, we evaluate whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as one single contract and whether the combined or single contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation. This evaluation requires significant judgment and the decision to combine a group of contracts or separate the combined or single contract into multiple performance obligations could change the amount of revenue and profit recorded in a given period. For most of our contracts, the customer contracts with us to provide a significant service of integrating a complex set of tasks and components into a single project or capability (even if that single project results in the delivery of multiple units). Hence, the entire contract is accounted for as one performance obligation. Less commonly, however, we may promise to provide distinct goods or services within a contract in which case we separate the contract into more than one performance obligation. If a contract is separated into more than one performance obligation, we allocate the total transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised goods or services underlying each performance obligation. We infrequently sell standard products with observable standalone sales. In cases where we do, the observable standalone sales are used to determine the standalone selling price. More frequently, we sell a customized customer specific solution, and in these cases we typically use the expected cost plus a margin approach to estimate the standalone selling price of each performance obligation.

We account for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. For certain contracts that meet the foregoing requirements, primarily international direct commercial sale contracts, we recognize revenue before obtaining all regulatory approvals where receipt of those regulatory approvals is virtually certain based upon all known facts and circumstances.

30

We generally recognize revenue over time as we perform because of continuous transfer of control to the customer. For U.S. government contracts, this continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by clauses in the contract that allow the customer to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay us for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit and take control of any work in process. Similarly, for non-U.S. government contracts, the customer typically controls the work in process as evidenced either by contractual termination clauses or by our rights to payment for work performed to date plus a reasonable profit to deliver products or services that do not have an alternative use to the Company.
 
Because of control transferring over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided. We generally use the cost-to-cost measure of progress for our contracts because it best depicts the transfer of assets to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues, including estimated fees or profits, are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Costs to fulfill include labor, materials and subcontractors’ costs, other direct costs and an allocation of indirect costs including pension and any other postretirement benefit (PRB) expense under U.S. government Cost Accounting Standards (CAS).

Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on many of our performance obligations, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion (the process described below in more detail) is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. It is common for our long-term contracts to contain award fees, incentive fees, or other provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. These variable amounts generally are awarded upon achievement of certain performance metrics, program milestones or cost targets and can be based upon customer discretion. We estimate variable consideration at the most likely amount to which we expect to be entitled. We include estimated amounts in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of our anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us.

Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. We consider contract modifications to exist when the modification either creates new or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. Most of our contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct from the existing contract due to the significant integration service provided in the context of the contract and are accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price and our measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates, is recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) on a cumulative catch-up basis.

We have a Company-wide standard and disciplined quarterly Estimate at Completion (EAC) process in which management reviews the progress and execution of our performance obligations. As part of this process, management reviews information including, but not limited to, any outstanding key contract matters, progress towards completion and the related program schedule, identified risks and opportunities and the related changes in estimates of revenues and costs. The risks and opportunities include management's judgment about the ability and cost to achieve the schedule (e.g., the number and type of milestone events), technical requirements (e.g., a newly-developed product versus a mature product) and other contract requirements. Management must make assumptions and estimates regarding labor productivity and availability, the complexity of the work to be performed, the availability of materials, the length of time to complete the performance obligation (e.g. to estimate increases in wages and prices for materials and related support cost allocations), execution by our subcontractors, the availability and timing of funding from our customer and overhead cost rates, among other variables. These estimates also include the estimated cost of satisfying our industrial cooperation agreements, sometimes referred to as offset obligations, required under certain contracts.

Based on this analysis, any quarterly adjustments to net sales, cost of sales, and the related impact to operating income are recognized as necessary in the period they become known. These adjustments may result from positive program performance, and may result in an increase in operating income during the performance of individual performance obligations, if we determine we will be successful in mitigating risks surrounding the technical, schedule and cost aspects of those performance obligations or realizing related opportunities. Likewise, these adjustments may result in a decrease in operating income if we determine we will not be successful in mitigating these risks or realizing related opportunities. Changes in estimates of net sales, cost of sales and the related impact to operating income are recognized quarterly on a cumulative catch-up basis, which recognizes in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes on current and prior periods based on a performance obligation's percentage of completion. A significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of one or more of our performance obligations. For performance obligations related to complex aerospace or defense equipment or related services, separately priced extended warranty or product maintenance, when estimates of total costs to be incurred on a performance obligation exceed total estimates

31

of revenue to be earned, a provision for the entire loss on the performance obligation is recognized in the period the loss is determined.

Net EAC adjustments had the following impact on our operating results:
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Apr 2, 2017

 
Apr 3, 2016

Operating income
$
54

 
$
21

Income from continuing operations attributable to Raytheon Company
35

 
25

Diluted earnings per share (EPS) from continuing operations attributable to Raytheon Company
$
0.12

 
$
0.08


In the first quarters of 2017 and 2016, net revenue recognized from our performance obligations satisfied in previous periods was $75 million and $45 million, respectively. This primarily relates to EAC adjustments that impacted revenue.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
As described in our "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" on page 3 of this Form 10-Q, our interim period results of operations and period-to-period comparisons of such results, particularly at a segment level, may not be indicative of our future operating results. Additionally, we use a fiscal calendar, which may result in differences in the number of work days in the current and comparable prior interim period and could affect period-to-period comparisons. The following discussions of comparative results among periods, including the discussion of segment results, should be viewed in this context.

Total Net Sales
The composition of external net sales by products and services for IDS, IIS, SAS and Forcepoint for the first quarter of 2017 was relatively consistent with the year ended December 31, 2016, which is shown in the table below. The updated composition of external net sales by products and services for MS for the first quarter of 2017 is also shown in the table below.
(% of segment total external net sales)
IDS

IIS

MS

SAS

Forcepoint

Products
90
%
50
%
95
%
95
%
90
%
Services
10
%
50
%
5
%
5
%
10
%

 
Three Months Ended
 
% of Total Net Sales
(In millions, except percentages)
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Net sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Products
$
5,044

 
$
4,826

 
84.1
%
 
83.2
%
Services
956

 
976

 
15.9
%
 
16.8
%
Total net sales
$
6,000

 
$
5,802

 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%

Total Net Sales - First Quarter of 2017 vs. First Quarter of 2016—The increase in total net sales of $198 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to higher external net sales of $109 million at SAS. The increase in external net sales at SAS was primarily due to higher net sales on the Next Generation Jammer (NGJ) program for the U.S. Navy, awarded in the second quarter of 2016.

Products and Services Net Sales - First Quarter of 2017 vs. First Quarter of 2016—The increase in products net sales of $218 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to higher external products net sales of $154 million at SAS primarily due to the NGJ program described above and higher net sales on classified programs. Services net sales in the first quarter of 2017 were relatively consistent with the first quarter of 2016.


32

Sales to Major Customers - First Quarter of 2017 vs. First Quarter of 2016
 
Three Months Ended
 
% of Total Net Sales
(In millions, except percentages)
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Sales to the U.S. government(1)(2)
$
3,984

 
$
3,904

 
66
%
 
67
%
U.S. direct commercial sales and other
98

 
114

 
2
%
 
2
%
Foreign military sales through the U.S. government
768

 
700

 
13
%
 
12
%
Foreign direct commercial sales and other(1)
1,150

 
1,084

 
19
%
 
19
%
Total net sales
$
6,000

 
$
5,802

 
100
%
 
100
%
(1)
Excludes foreign military sales through the U.S. government.
(2)
Includes sales to the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) of $3,782 million, or 63% of total net sales, in the first quarter of 2017 and $3,715 million, or 64% of total net sales, in the first quarter of 2016.

Total Cost of Sales
Cost of sales, for both products and services, consists of labor, materials and subcontractors costs, as well as related allocated costs. For each of our contracts, we manage the nature and amount of direct costs at the contract level, and manage indirect costs through cost pools as required by government accounting regulations. The estimate of the actual amount of direct and indirect costs forms the basis for estimating our total costs at completion of the contract.
 
Three Months Ended
 
% of Total Net Sales
(In millions, except percentages)
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Cost of sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Products
$
3,756

 
$
3,639

 
62.6
%
 
62.7
%
Services
774

 
802

 
12.9
%
 
13.8
%
Total cost of sales
$
4,530

 
$
4,441

 
75.5
%
 
76.5
%

Total Cost of Sales - First Quarter of 2017 vs. First Quarter of 2016—The increase in total cost of sales of $89 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to higher external cost of sales of $97 million at SAS, primarily due to the program discussed above in Total Net Sales.

Products and Services Cost of Sales - First Quarter of 2017 vs. First Quarter of 2016—The increase in products cost of sales of $117 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to higher external products cost of sales of $123 million at SAS primarily due to the programs described above in Total Net Sales. The decrease in services cost of sales of $28 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to lower external services cost of sales of $26 million at SAS primarily due to activity on the Airborne Early Warning Radar Systems program.

General and Administrative Expenses
 
Three Months Ended
 
% of Total Net Sales
(In millions, except percentages)
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Administrative and selling expenses
$
558

 
$
549

 
9.3
%
 
9.5
%
Research and development expenses
171

 
199

 
2.9
%
 
3.4
%
Total general and administrative expenses
$
729

 
$
748

 
12.2
%
 
12.9
%

Administrative and selling expenses in the first quarter of 2017 were relatively consistent with the first quarter of 2016.

Included in administrative and selling expenses is the provision for state income taxes, which generally can be recovered through the pricing of products and services to the U.S. government. Net state income taxes allocated to our contracts were $9 million and $13 million in the first quarters of 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The decrease in research and development expenses of $28 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to decreased research and development expenses of $21 million at MS, driven principally by lower independent research and development activity related to advanced technologies efforts that substantially completed in 2016.


33

Total Operating Expenses
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except percentages)
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Total operating expenses
$
5,259

 
$
5,189

% of Total Net Sales
87.7
%
 
89.4
%

The increase in total operating expenses of $70 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to the increase in total cost of sales of $89 million, the primary drivers of which are described above in Total Cost of Sales.

Operating Income
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except percentages)
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Operating income
$
741

 
$
613

% of Total Net Sales
12.4
%
 
10.6
%

The increase in operating income of $128 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was due to the increase in total net sales of $198 million, the primary drivers of which are described above in Total Net Sales, partially offset by the increase in total operating expenses of $70 million, the primary drivers of which are described above in Total Operating Expenses.

Total Non-Operating (Income) Expense, Net
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Non-operating (income) expense, net
 
 
 
Interest expense
$
58

 
$
58

Interest income
(5
)
 
(4
)
Other (income) expense, net
(7
)
 
(2
)
Total non-operating (income) expense, net
$
46

 
$
52


The decrease in total non-operating (income) expense, net of $6 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to a $5 million change in the fair value of marketable securities held in trust associated with certain of our non-qualified deferred compensation plans, due to net gains of $8 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to net gains of $3 million in the first quarter of 2016.

Federal and Foreign Income Taxes
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except percentages)
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Federal and foreign income taxes
$
198

 
$
157

Effective tax rate
28.5
%
 
28.0
%

Our effective tax rate in the first quarter of 2017 was 28.5% compared to 28.0% in the first quarter of 2016. The increase of 0.5% was primarily due to the domestic manufacturing deduction, which increased the rate by 0.6%. The remaining decrease of 0.1% is composed of various items which individually or collectively are not significant.

Our effective tax rate in the first quarter of 2017 was 6.5% lower than the statutory federal rate primarily due to the domestic manufacturing deduction, which decreased the rate by 3.0%, the tax benefit recognized upon settlement of equity awards, which decreased the rate by 1.9% and the Research and Development tax credit (R&D tax credit), which decreased the rate by 1.4%. The remaining decrease of 0.2% is composed of various items which individually or collectively are not significant. In 2016, we elected to early adopt the requirements of ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which requires recognition of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies in the income

34

statement prospectively, and could result in fluctuations in our effective tax rate period over period depending on how many awards vest in a quarter as well as the volatility of our stock price.

Our effective tax rate in the first quarter of 2016 was 7.0% lower than the statutory federal rate primarily due to the domestic manufacturing deduction, which decreased the rate by 3.7%, the tax benefit recognized upon settlement of equity awards, which decreased the rate by 2.9%, and the R&D tax credit, which decreased the rate by 1.6%. The remaining increase of 1.2% is composed of various items which individually or collectively are not significant.

Income from Continuing Operations
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Income from continuing operations
$
497

 
$
404


The increase in income from continuing operations of $93 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to an increase of $128 million in operating income, the primary drivers of which are described above in Operating Income, partially offset by an increase of $41 million in federal and foreign income taxes, related primarily to the increase in operating income and the increase in our effective tax rate described above in Federal and Foreign Income Taxes.

Net Income
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Net income
$
500

 
$
405


The increase in net income of $95 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to the $93 million increase in income from continuing operations, the primary drivers of which are described above in Income from Continuing Operations.

Diluted EPS from Continuing Operations Attributable to Raytheon Company Common Stockholders
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except per share amounts)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Income from continuing operations attributable to Raytheon Company
 
$
503

 
$
427

Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding
 
292.8

 
299.6

 Diluted EPS from continuing operations attributable to Raytheon Company
 
$
1.73

 
$
1.43


The increase in diluted EPS from continuing operations attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders of $0.30 in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to the increase in income from continuing operations described above and a decrease in weighted-average shares outstanding, which was affected by the common stock share activity shown in the table below.

Our common stock share activity was as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Beginning balance
 
292.8

 
299.0

Stock plans activity
 
1.1

 
1.4

Share repurchases
 
(2.9
)
 
(3.5
)
Ending balance
 
291.0

 
296.9



35

Diluted EPS Attributable to Raytheon Company Common Stockholders
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except per share amounts)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Net income attributable to Raytheon Company
 
$
506

 
$
428

Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding
 
292.8

 
299.6

Diluted EPS attributable to Raytheon Company
 
$
1.74

 
$
1.43


The increase in diluted EPS attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders of $0.31 in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to the $0.30 increase in diluted EPS from continuing operations attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders described above.

SEGMENT RESULTS
We report our results in the following segments: Integrated Defense Systems (IDS); Intelligence, Information and Services (IIS); Missile Systems (MS); Space and Airborne Systems (SAS); and Forcepoint.

As previously announced, effective January 1, 2017, we elected to early adopt the requirements of Topic 606 using the full retrospective method as discussed in "Note 2: Accounting Standards" within Item 1 of this Form 10-Q . The amounts and presentation of our business segments, including corporate and eliminations for intersegment activity, set forth in this Form 10-Q reflect these changes.

The following provides some context for viewing our segment performance through the eyes of management.
 
Given the nature of our business, bookings, total net sales and operating income (and the related operating margin percentage), which we disclose and discuss at the segment level, are most relevant to an understanding of management’s view of our segment performance, and often these measures have significant interrelated effects, as described below. In addition, we disclose and discuss backlog, which represents future sales that we expect to recognize over the remaining contract period, which is generally several years. We also disclose total operating expenses and the components of total operating expenses within our segment disclosures.

Bookings—We disclose the amount of bookings and notable contract awards for each segment. Bookings generally represent the dollar value of new contracts awarded to us during the reporting period and include firm orders for which funding has not been appropriated. We believe bookings are an important measure of future performance and are an indicator of potential future changes in total net sales, because we cannot record revenues under a new contract without first having a booking in the current or a preceding period.

Bookings are impacted by the timing and amounts of awards in a given period, which are subject to numerous factors, including the desired capability by the customer and urgency of customer needs; customer budgets and other fiscal constraints; political and economic and other environmental factors; the timing of customer negotiations; the timing of governmental approvals and notifications; and the timing of option exercises or increases in scope. In addition, due to these factors, quarterly bookings tend to fluctuate from period to period, particularly on a segment basis. As a result, we believe comparing bookings on a quarterly basis or for periods less than one year is less meaningful than for longer periods and that shorter term changes in bookings may not necessarily indicate a material trend.
 
 
Three Months Ended
Bookings (in millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Integrated Defense Systems
 
$
1,631

 
$
1,017

Intelligence, Information and Services
 
1,734

 
1,253

Missile Systems
 
743

 
1,632

Space and Airborne Systems
 
1,475

 
2,202

Forcepoint
 
105

 
97

Total
 
$
5,688

 
$
6,201


Included in bookings were international bookings of $1,892 million and $1,655 million in the first quarters of 2017 and 2016, respectively, which included foreign military bookings through the U.S. government. International bookings amounted to 33% and 27% of total bookings in the first quarters of 2017 and 2016, respectively.


36

We record bookings for not-to-exceed contract awards (e.g., undefinitized contract awards, binding letter agreements) based on reasonable estimates of expected contract definitization, which generally will not be less than 75% of the award. We subsequently adjust bookings to reflect the actual amounts definitized or, when prior to definitization, when facts and circumstances indicate that our previously estimated amounts are no longer reasonable. The timing of awards that may cover multiple fiscal years influences the size of bookings in each year. Bookings exclude unexercised contract options and potential orders under ordering-type contracts (e.g., indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity (IDIQ) type contracts), and are reduced for contract cancellations and terminations of bookings recognized in the current year. We reflect contract cancellations and terminations from prior year bookings, as well as the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates, directly as an adjustment to backlog in the period in which the cancellation or termination occurs and the impact is determinable.

Backlog—We disclose period-ending backlog for each segment, which is equivalent to our remaining performance obligations. Backlog represents the dollar value of firm orders for which work has not been performed. Backlog generally increases with bookings and generally converts into sales as we incur costs under the related contractual commitments. Therefore, we discuss changes in backlog, including any individually significant cancellations, for each of our segments, as we believe such discussion provides an understanding of the awarded but not executed portions of our contracts. Backlog excludes unexercised contract options and potential orders under ordering-type contracts (e.g., IDIQ). Backlog is affected by changes in foreign exchange rates.  
Backlog (in millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
Integrated Defense Systems
 
$
10,304

 
$
10,159

Intelligence, Information and Services
 
5,965

 
5,662

Missile Systems
 
10,517

 
11,568

Space and Airborne Systems
 
8,817

 
8,834

Forcepoint(1)
 
451

 
486

Total
 
$
36,054

 
$
36,709

(1)
Forcepoint total backlog excludes the unfavorable impact of $35 million and $45 million at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, related to the Acquisition Accounting Adjustments to record acquired deferred revenue at fair value.

Total Net Sales—We generally express changes in total net sales in terms of volume. Volume generally refers to increases or decreases in revenues related to varying amounts of total operating expenses, which are comprised of cost of sales and general and administrative expenses, which include administrative and selling expenses (including bid and proposal costs) and research and development expenses, incurred on individual contracts (i.e., from performance against contractual commitments on our bookings related to engineering, production or service activity). Therefore, we discuss volume changes attributable principally to individual programs or product lines unless there is a discrete event (e.g., a major contract termination, natural disaster or major labor strike), or some other unusual item that has a material effect on changes in a segment's volume for a reported period. Due to the nature of our contracts, the amount of costs incurred and related revenues will naturally fluctuate over the lives of our contracts. As a result, in any reporting period, the changes in volume on numerous contracts are likely to be due to normal fluctuations in our engineering, production or service activities.

Total net sales by segment were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
Total Net Sales (in millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Integrated Defense Systems
 
$
1,398

 
$
1,336

Intelligence, Information and Services
 
1,507

 
1,532

Missile Systems
 
1,756

 
1,723

Space and Airborne Systems
 
1,555

 
1,445

Forcepoint
 
144

 
139

Eliminations
 
(350
)
 
(347
)
Total business segment sales
 
6,010

 
5,828

Acquisition Accounting Adjustments
 
(10
)
 
(26
)
Total
 
$
6,000

 
$
5,802


Total Operating Expenses—We generally disclose operating expenses for each segment in terms of the following: 1) cost of sales—labor; 2) cost of sales—materials and subcontractors; and 3) other costs of sales and other operating expenses. Included in cost of sales—labor is the incurred direct labor associated with the performance of contracts in the current period and any applicable

37

overhead and fringe costs. Included in cost of sales—materials and subcontractors is the incurred direct materials, subcontractor costs (which could include effort performed by other Raytheon segments or locations) and applicable overhead allocations in the current period. Included in other cost of sales and other operating expenses is other direct costs not captured in labor or material and subcontractor costs, such as precontract costs previously deferred, costs previously deferred into inventory on contracts using commercial or units of delivery accounting, applicable overhead allocations, general and administrative expenses, which include administrative and selling expenses (including bid and proposal costs) and research and development expenses, other direct costs (such as ancillary services and travel expenses) and adjustments for loss contracts.

Operating Income (and the related operating margin percentage)—We generally express changes in segment operating income in terms of volume, net changes in EAC adjustments or changes in contract mix and other program performance.

The impact of changes in volume on operating income excludes the impact of net EAC adjustments and the impact of changes in contract mix and other program performance and is calculated based on changes in costs on individual programs at an overall margin for the segment.

Changes in net EAC adjustments typically relate to the current period impact of revisions to total estimated revenues and costs at completion. These changes reflect improved or deteriorated operating performance or award fee rates. For a full description of our EAC process, refer to Critical Accounting Estimates. Given that we have thousands of individual contracts and the types and complexity of the assumptions and estimates we must make on an on-going basis, we have both favorable and unfavorable EAC adjustments. We had the following aggregate EAC adjustments for the periods presented:
 
Three Months Ended
EAC Adjustments (in millions)
Apr 2, 2017

 
Apr 3, 2016

Gross favorable
$
229

 
$
179

Gross unfavorable
(175
)
 
(158
)
Total net EAC adjustments
$
54

 
$
21


Significant EAC adjustments in the first quarters of 2017 and 2016 are discussed in the Operating Income and Margin section of each business segment's discussion below. The increase in net EAC adjustments of $33 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to the increase in net EAC adjustments at IDS.

Changes in contract mix and other program performance refer to changes in operating margin due to a change in the relative volume of contracts with higher or lower fee rates such that the overall average margin rate for the segment changes, and other drivers of program performance including margin rate increases or decreases due to EAC adjustments in prior periods. A higher or lower expected fee rate at the initial award of a contract typically correlates to the contract's risk profile, which is often specifically driven by the type of customer and related procurement regulations, the type of contract (e.g., fixed-price vs. cost-plus), the maturity of the product or service and the scope of work. Changes in contract mix and other performance also include all other items which are not related to volume or EAC adjustments.

Because each segment has thousands of contracts in any reporting period, changes in operating income and margin are likely to be due to normal changes in volume, net EAC adjustments, and contract mix and other performance on many contracts with no single change, or series of related changes, materially driving a segment's change in operating income or operating margin percentage.


38

Operating income by segment was as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
Operating Income (in millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Integrated Defense Systems
 
$
212

 
$
146

Intelligence, Information and Services
 
111

 
104

Missile Systems
 
216

 
192

Space and Airborne Systems
 
190

 
167

Forcepoint
 
16

 
18

Eliminations
 
(37
)
 
(33
)
Total business segment operating income
 
708


594

Acquisition Accounting Adjustments
 
(42
)
 
(58
)
FAS/CAS Adjustment
 
108

 
105

Corporate
 
(33
)
 
(28
)
Total
 
$
741

 
$
613


Integrated Defense Systems
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except percentages)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
 
% Change
Total net sales
 
$
1,398

 
$
1,336

 
4.6
 %
Total operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of sales—labor
 
535

 
509

 
5.1
 %
Cost of sales—materials and subcontractors
 
419

 
453

 
(7.5
)%
Other cost of sales and other operating expenses
 
232

 
228

 
1.8
 %
Total operating expenses
 
1,186

 
1,190

 
(0.3
)%
Operating income
 
$
212

 
$
146

 
45.2
 %
Operating margin
 
15.2
%
 
10.9
%
 
 
Change in Operating Income (in millions)
 
Three Months Ended Apr 2, 2017 Versus Three Months Ended Apr 3, 2016
Volume
 
 
 
$
—

 
 
Net change in EAC adjustments
 
 
 
40

 
 
Mix and other performance
 
 
 
26

 
 
Total change in operating income
 
 
 
$
66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except percentages)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
 
% Change
Bookings
 
$
1,631

 
$
1,017

 
60.4
%

Total Net Sales—The increase in total net sales of $62 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to higher net sales of $65 million on an international early warning radar program that was awarded in the first quarter of 2017.

Total Operating Expenses—Total operating expenses in the first quarter of 2017 were relatively consistent with the first quarter of 2016. The decrease in materials and subcontractors costs of $34 million was primarily due to certain international Patriot™ programs from the scheduled completion of certain production phases. The increase in labor costs of $26 million was primarily due to the activity on the international early warning radar program described above in Total Net Sales, with the remaining change spread across numerous programs with no individual or common significant driver.

Operating Income and Margin—The increase in operating income of $66 million and the related increase in operating margin in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was due to a net change in EAC adjustments of $40 million and a change in mix and other performance of $26 million. The net change in EAC adjustments was driven principally by a $36 million

39

negative profit adjustment in the first quarter of 2016 on an international command and control program driven by costs to replace or repair shelters which the subcontractor refused to remedy resulting in the subcontractor being terminated. The change in mix and other performance was primarily driven by higher sales on an international Patriot program.

Backlog and Bookings—Backlog was $10,304 million at April 2, 2017 compared to $10,159 million at December 31, 2016. Bookings increased by $614 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016. In the first quarter of 2017, IDS booked $987 million for the Upgraded Early Warning Radar (UEWR) system for Qatar and $220 million to provide Patriot engineering services support for U.S. and international customers. In the first quarter of 2016, IDS booked $191 million to provide Patriot engineering services support for U.S. and international customers and $84 million to provide advanced Patriot air and missile defense capability for the U.S. Army. IDS also booked $198 million on a classified program.

Intelligence, Information and Services
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except percentages)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
 
% Change
Total net sales
 
$
1,507

 
$
1,532

 
(1.6
)%
Total operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of sales—labor
 
656

 
642

 
2.2
 %
Cost of sales—materials and subcontractors
 
546

 
596

 
(8.4
)%
Other cost of sales and other operating expenses
 
194

 
190

 
2.1
 %
Total operating expenses
 
1,396

 
1,428

 
(2.2
)%
Operating income
 
$
111

 
$
104

 
6.7
 %
Operating margin
 
7.4
%
 
6.8
%
 
 

Change in Operating Income (in millions)
 
Three Months Ended Apr 2, 2017 Versus Three Months Ended Apr 3, 2016
Volume
 
 
 
$
(2
)
 
 
Net change in EAC adjustments
 
 
 
(8
)
 
 
Mix and other performance
 
 
 
17

 
 
Total change in operating income
 
 
 
$
7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except percentages)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
 
% Change
Bookings
 
$
1,734

 
$
1,253

 
38.4
%

Total Net Sales—Total net sales in the first quarter of 2017 were relatively consistent with the first quarter of 2016. Included in the change in total net sales was lower net sales of $37 million on a classified program for an international customer, which substantially completed in 2016, and higher net sales of $27 million on a U.S. Air Force program due to increased contract activities.

Total Operating Expenses—The decrease in total operating expenses of $32 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to the decrease in materials and subcontractors costs of $50 million, driven principally by activity on the classified program for an international customer, as described above in Total Net Sales.

Operating Income and Margin—The increase in operating income of $7 million and the related increase in operating margin in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to a change in mix and other performance of $17 million, partially offset by a net change in EAC adjustments of $8 million. The change in mix and other performance was spread across numerous programs with no individual or common significant driver. Included in mix and other performance in the first quarter of 2017 was a $2 million gain on a real estate transaction.

Backlog and Bookings—Backlog was $5,965 million at April 2, 2017 compared to $5,662 million at December 31, 2016. The increase in backlog of $303 million or 5% at April 2, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016 was primarily due to bookings in excess of sales principally within the Navigation and Environmental Solutions product line. Bookings increased by $481 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016. In the first quarter of 2017, IIS booked approximately $930

40

million on U.S. Air Force programs and $390 million on a number of classified contracts. In the first quarter of 2016, IIS booked approximately $350 million on U.S. Air Force programs and $555 million on a number of classified contracts.

Missile Systems
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except percentages)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
 
% Change
Total net sales
 
$
1,756

 
$
1,723

 
1.9
 %
Total operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of sales—labor
 
549

 
526

 
4.4
 %
Cost of sales—materials and subcontractors
 
781

 
647

 
20.7
 %
Other cost of sales and other operating expenses
 
210

 
358

 
(41.3
)%
Total operating expenses
 
1,540

 
1,531

 
0.6
 %
Operating income
 
$
216

 
$
192

 
12.5
 %
Operating margin
 
12.3
%
 
11.1
%
 
 
Change in Operating Income (in millions)
 
Three Months Ended Apr 2, 2017 Versus Three Months Ended Apr 3, 2016
Volume
 
 
 
$
1

 
 
Net change in EAC adjustments
 
 
 
6

 
 
Mix and other performance
 
 
 
17

 
 
Total change in operating income
 
 
 
$
24

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except percentages)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
 
% Change
Bookings
 
$
743

 
$
1,632

 
(54.5
)%

Total Net Sales—Total net sales in the first quarter of 2017 were relatively consistent with the first quarter of 2016. Included in the change in total net sales was $41 million of higher net sales on the Paveway™ program principally driven by international requirements, $41 million of higher net sales on the Standard Missile-3 (SM-3®) program principally driven by the planned increase in production and $100 million of lower net sales on the Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM®) program primarily due the recognition of previously deferred precontract costs in the first quarter of 2016.

Total Operating Expenses—Total operating expenses in the first quarter of 2017 were relatively consistent with the first quarter of 2016. The increase in materials and subcontractors costs of $134 million was driven principally by activity on the Paveway program discussed above in Total Net Sales and activity on the Phalanx® program driven by planned increases in production. The decrease in other cost of sales and other operating expense of $148 million was primarily driven by the change in previously deferred precontract costs based on contract awards, which had a $78 million impact.

Operating Income and Margin—The increase in operating income of $24 million and the related increase operating margin in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 were primarily due to an increase in mix and other performance of $17 million, driven principally by the activity on the Paveway program discussed above in Total Net Sales.

Backlog and Bookings—Backlog was $10,517 million at April 2, 2017 compared to $11,568 million at December 31, 2016. The decrease in backlog of $1,051 million or 9% at April 2, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016 was primarily due to sales in excess of bookings, principally within our Air Warfare Systems and Air and Missile Defense Systems product lines. Bookings decreased by $889 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016. In the first quarter of 2017, MS booked $203 million for AIM-9X Sidewinder™ short-range air-to-air missiles for U.S. and international customers and $159 million for Paveway for international customers. In the first quarter of 2016, MS booked $646 million for AMRAAM for the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy and international customers, $272 million for Standard Missile-6 (SM-6®) for the U.S. Navy and $225 million for Paveway for the U.S. Air Force and international customers.


41

Space and Airborne Systems
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except percentages)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
 
% Change
Total net sales
 
$
1,555

 
$
1,445

 
7.6
 %
Total operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of sales—labor
 
666

 
600

 
11.0
 %
Cost of sales—materials and subcontractors
 
442

 
392

 
12.8
 %
Other cost of sales and other operating expenses
 
257

 
286

 
(10.1
)%
Total operating expenses
 
1,365

 
1,278

 
6.8
 %
Operating income
 
$
190

 
$
167

 
13.8
 %
Operating margin
 
12.2
%
 
11.6
%
 
 
Change in Operating Income (in millions)
 
Three Months Ended Apr 2, 2017 Versus Three Months Ended Apr 3, 2016
Volume
 
 
 
$
11

 
 
Net change in EAC adjustments
 
 
 
(5
)
 
 
Mix and other performance
 
 
 
17

 
 
Total change in operating income
 
 
 
$
23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except percentages)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
 
% Change
Bookings
 
$
1,475

 
$
2,202

 
(33.0
)%

Total Net Sales—The increase in total net sales of $110 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to higher net sales of $68 million on the Next Generation Jammer (NGJ) program for the U.S. Navy, awarded in the second quarter of 2016.

Total Operating Expenses—The increase in total operating expenses of $87 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was due to an increase in labor costs of $66 million and an increase in materials and subcontractors costs of $50 million, partially offset by a decrease in other cost of sales and other operating expenses of $29 million. The increase in labor costs was primarily driven by the increase in scheduled activities on the NGJ program described above in Total Net Sales, with the remaining change spread across numerous programs with no individual or common significant driver. The increase in materials and subcontractors costs was primarily driven by activity on classified programs and on the NGJ program described above in Total Net Sales. The decrease in other cost of sales and other operating expenses was driven primarily by lower general and administrative expenses, principally driven by reduced research and development expenses and the timing of costs applied to contracts through rates.

Operating Income and Margin—The increase in operating income of $23 million and the related increase in operating margin in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 were driven principally by a change in mix and other performance of $17 million, which was spread across numerous programs with no individual or common significant driver.

Backlog and Bookings—Backlog was $8,817 million at April 2, 2017 compared to $8,834 million at December 31, 2016. Bookings decreased by $727 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016. In the first quarter of 2017, SAS booked $256 million for Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radars for the U.S. Air Force and $250 million on two contracts for international customers, one for military processors and one for radar warning receivers. SAS also booked $402 million on a number of classified contracts. In the first quarter of 2016, SAS booked over $650 million on an international classified program, $553 million on the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program for NASA and $470 million on a number of domestic classified contracts.


42

Forcepoint
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except percentages)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
 
% Change
Total net sales
 
$
144

 
$
139

 
3.6
 %
Total operating expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of sales
 
25

 
24

 
4.2
 %
Selling and marketing
 
54

 
46

 
17.4
 %
Research and development
 
32

 
32

 
—
 %
General and administrative
 
17

 
19

 
(10.5
)%
Total operating expenses
 
128

 
121

 
5.8
 %
Operating income (loss)
 
$
16

 
$
18

 
(11.1
)%
Operating margin
 
11.1
%
 
12.9
%
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except percentages)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
 
% Change
Bookings
 
$
105

 
$
97

 
8.2
%

Total Net Sales—The increase in total net sales of $5 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily driven by $5 million of higher Network Security sales as a result of increased bookings, $4 million of higher Cloud Security and Data & Insider Threat Security sales due to a higher mix of bookings with upfront sales recognition, partially offset by a $4 million decrease in Global Government sales driven by lower upfront software and appliance bookings. Total net sales excluded the unfavorable impact related to the deferred revenue acquisition accounting adjustments described below in Acquisition Accounting Adjustments.

Total Operating Expenses—We disclose our operating expenses for the segment, which excludes amortization of acquired intangible assets and certain other acquisition and acquisition related expenses, in terms of the following:
•
Cost of sales—labor and overhead costs associated with analytic and technical support services; infrastructure costs associated with maintaining our databases; and labor, materials and overhead costs associated with providing our product offerings.
•
Selling and marketing—labor costs related to personnel engaged in selling and marketing and customer support functions; costs related to public relations, advertising, promotions and travel; and related overhead costs.
•
Research and development—labor costs for the development and management of new and existing products; and related overhead costs.
•
General and administrative expenses—labor costs for our executive, finance and administrative personnel; third party professional service fees; and related overhead costs.

Total operating expenses in the first quarter of 2017 increased $7 million compared to the first quarter of 2016. The increase in selling and marketing expense of $8 million was due to investment in the sales organization through increased salesforce staffing. The decrease in general and administrative of $2 million in first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was due to costs related to the integration of Stonesoft in the first quarter of 2016. Total operating expenses excluded amortization of acquired intangible assets as described below in Acquisition Accounting Adjustments and certain unallocated costs which are included in Corporate.

Operating Income and Margin—The decrease in operating income of $2 million and related decrease in operating margin in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily driven by the increase in total operating expenses described above, partially offset by the increase in total net sales described above.

Backlog and Bookings—Backlog was $451 million at April 2, 2017 compared to $486 million at December 31, 2016. The decrease in backlog of $35 million or 7% at April 2, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016 was primarily due to the seasonality of the Cloud Security and Data & Insider Threat Security products experiencing lower bookings in the first quarter of each year. Bookings increased by $8 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 primarily due to the increase of Network Security bookings.


43

Acquisition Accounting Adjustments
Acquisition Accounting Adjustments include the adjustments to record acquired deferred revenue at fair value as part of our purchase price allocation process, referred to as the deferred revenue adjustment, and the amortization of acquired intangible assets related to historical acquisitions. These adjustments are not considered part of management's evaluation of segment results.

The components of Acquisition Accounting Adjustments were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Deferred revenue adjustment
 
$
(10
)
 
$
(26
)
Amortization of acquired intangibles
 
(32
)
 
(32
)
Total Acquisition Accounting Adjustments
 
$
(42
)
 
$
(58
)

The deferred revenue adjustment for the first quarters of 2017 and 2016 relates to the Forcepoint segment.

Amortization of acquired intangibles by segment was as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Integrated Defense Systems
 
$
—

 
$
—

Intelligence, Information and Services
 
5

 
5

Missile Systems
 
—

 
—

Space and Airborne Systems
 
3

 
5

Forcepoint
 
24

 
22

Total
 
$
32

 
$
32


The change in our Acquisition Accounting Adjustments of $16 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was due to a $16 million decrease in the deferred revenue adjustment, principally driven by the acquisition of Websense in the second quarter of 2015. Amortization of acquired intangibles in the first quarter of 2017 was consistent with the first quarter of 2016.

FAS/CAS Adjustment
The FAS/CAS Adjustment represents the difference between our pension and other postretirement benefit (PRB) expense or income under Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) requirements under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and our pension and PRB expense under U.S. government Cost Accounting Standards (CAS). The results of each segment only include pension and PRB expense under CAS that we generally recover through the pricing of our products and services to the U.S. government.

The components of the FAS/CAS Adjustment were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
FAS/CAS Adjustment Income (Expense) (in millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
FAS/CAS Pension Adjustment
 
$
109

 
$
105

FAS/CAS PRB Adjustment
 
(1
)
 
—

FAS/CAS Adjustment
 
$
108

 
$
105

The components of the FAS/CAS Pension Adjustment were as follows: 
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
FAS (expense)
 
$
(319
)
 
$
(265
)
CAS expense
 
428

 
370

FAS/CAS Pension Adjustment
 
$
109

 
$
105



44

The change in our FAS/CAS Pension Adjustment of $4 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was driven by a $58 million increase in our CAS expense and a $54 million increase in our FAS expense. The increase in our CAS expense in the first quarter of 2017 was primarily due to the CAS Harmonization phased transition to the use of a discount rate based on high quality corporate bonds, consistent with the Pension Protection Act of 2006, to measure liabilities in determining the CAS pension expense. The change in the discount rate used to measure liabilities for purposes of determining CAS pension expense has been included in our contracts through our overhead forward pricing rates. The increase in our FAS expense in the first quarter of 2017 was primarily due to the decrease in our long-term return on assets (ROA) assumption as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and, to a lesser extent, the lower discount rate at December 31, 2016 compared to the discount rate at December 31, 2015.

Corporate
Corporate operating income consists of unallocated costs and certain other corporate costs not considered part of management’s evaluation of reportable segment operating performance.

Operating income related to Corporate was as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Corporate
 
$
(33
)
 
$
(28
)

Operating income related to Corporate in the first quarter of 2017 was relatively consistent with the first quarter of 2016.

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY

Overview
We pursue a capital deployment strategy that balances funding for growing our business, including capital expenditures, acquisitions and research and development; prudently managing our balance sheet, including debt repayments and pension contributions; and returning cash to our shareholders, including dividend payments and share repurchases, as outlined below. Our need for, cost of and access to funds are dependent on future operating results, as well as other external conditions. We currently expect that cash and cash equivalents, available-for-sale securities, cash flow from operations and other available financing resources will be sufficient to meet anticipated operating, capital expenditure, investment, debt service and other financing requirements during the next twelve months and for the foreseeable future.

In addition, the following table highlights selected measures of our liquidity and capital resources at April 2, 2017 and December
31, 2016:
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
2,186

 
$
3,303

Short-term investments
 
399

 
100

Working capital
 
4,208

 
4,346

Amount available under credit facilities
 
1,250

 
1,250


On April 11, 2017, the Company gave notice to redeem $591 million aggregate principal amount of notes due in March and December 2018. In the second quarter of 2017, we expect to record in other (income) expense a charge associated with the make-whole provision on the retired debt estimated at approximately $40 million pretax, $26 million after tax, based upon current market estimates, which will be included in cash flows from financing activities. We expect to finance the repayment of principal and the make-whole provision with cash on hand and the issuance of commercial paper.

Operating Activities
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations
 
$
(41
)
 
$
325

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
 
(41
)
 
326



45

The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities of $367 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to the timing of collections, which was driven by milestone payments on certain international programs, and the timing of vendor payments in the first quarter of 2017.

Pension Plan Contributions—We made the following contributions to our pension and PRB plans: 
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Required pension contributions
 
$
37

 
$
43

PRB contributions
 
5

 
5


Tax Payments and Refunds—We made or (received) the following net tax payments or (refunds):
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Federal
 
$
(160
)
 
$
(165
)
Foreign
 
13

 
2

State
 
8

 
9


We expect full-year net federal, foreign and state tax payments to be approximately $864 million in 2017.

Interest Payments—We made interest payments on our outstanding debt of $33 million in the first quarters of 2017 and 2016.

Investing Activities
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
 
$
(430
)
 
$
(91
)

The change in net cash provided by (used in) investing activities of $339 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to our short-term investments activity as described below.

Additions to Property, Plant and Equipment and Capitalized Internal Use Software—Additions to property, plant and equipment and capitalized internal use software were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Additions to property, plant and equipment
 
$
86

 
$
150

Additions to capitalized internal use software
 
16

 
12


We expect our property, plant and equipment and internal use software expenditures to be between approximately $555–$585 million and $95–$110 million, respectively, in 2017, consistent with the anticipated needs of our business and for specific investments including capital assets and facility improvements.

Short-term Investments Activity—We invest in marketable securities in accordance with our short-term investment policy and cash management strategy. These marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale and are recorded at fair value as short-term investments in our consolidated balance sheets. Activity related to short-term investments was as follows: 
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Purchases of short-term investments
 
$
(399
)
 
$
—

Maturities of short-term investments
 
100

 
127



46

Acquisitions—In pursuing our business strategies, we acquire and make investments in certain businesses that meet strategic and financial criteria. Payments for purchases of acquired companies, net of cash acquired, were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Payments for purchases of acquired companies, net of cash acquired
 
$
(39
)
 
$
(57
)

The decrease of $18 million in payments for purchases of acquired companies, net of cash acquired, was due to Forcepoint's acquisition of the Stonesoft next-generation firewall (NGFW) business, including the Sidewinder proxy firewall technology, in January 2016, offset by Forcepoint's acquisition of the Skyfence cloud access security broker business in February 2017.

Financing Activities
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
 
$
(645
)
 
$
(629
)

We generally use cash provided by operating activities and proceeds from the issuance of new debt as our primary source for the repayment of debt, payment of dividends, pension contributions and the repurchase of our common stock. The change in net cash used in financing activities of $16 million in the first quarter of 2017 compared to the first quarter of 2016 was primarily due to an increase in the dividends paid as described below.

Share Repurchases—From time to time, our Board of Directors authorizes the repurchase of shares of our common stock. In November 2015, our Board authorized the repurchase of up to $2.0 billion of our outstanding common stock. At April 2, 2017, we had approximately $1.2 billion available under the 2015 repurchase program. Share repurchases will take place from time to time at management’s discretion depending on market conditions.

Share repurchases also include shares surrendered by employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with restricted stock awards (RSAs), restricted stock units (RSUs) and Long-term Performance Plan (LTPP) awards issued to employees.

Our share repurchases were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
 
 
$
Shares

 
$
Shares

Shares repurchased under our share repurchase programs
 
$
400

2.7

 
$
400

3.2

Shares repurchased to satisfy tax withholding obligations
 
38

0.2

 
34

0.3

Total share repurchases
 
$
438

2.9

 
$
434

3.5


Cash Dividends—Our Board of Directors authorized the following cash dividends:
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions, except per share amounts)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Apr 3, 2016
Cash dividends declared per share
 
$
0.7975

 
$
0.7325

Total dividends paid
 
215

 
201

In March 2017, our Board of Directors authorized an 8.9% increase to our annual dividend payout rate from $2.93 to $3.19 per share. Dividends are subject to quarterly approval by our Board of Directors.

CAPITAL RESOURCES
Total debt was $5.3 billion at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Our outstanding debt bears contractual interest at fixed interest rates ranging from 2.5% to 7.2% and matures at various dates from 2018 through 2044.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments—Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were $2.6 billion and $3.4 billion at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. We may invest in U.S. Treasuries; AAA/Aaa rated money market funds; certificates of deposit, time deposits and commercial paper of banks with a minimum long-term debt rating of A or A2 and minimum short-term debt rating of A-1 and P-1; and commercial paper of corporations with a minimum long-term debt

47

rating of A- or A3 and minimum short-term debt rating of A-2 and P-2. Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments balances held at our foreign subsidiaries were approximately $758 million and $641 million at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Earnings from our foreign subsidiaries are currently deemed to be indefinitely reinvested. We do not expect such reinvestment to affect our liquidity and capital resources, and we continuously evaluate our liquidity needs and ability to meet global cash requirements as a part of our overall capital deployment strategy. Factors that affect our global capital deployment strategy include anticipated cash flows, the ability to repatriate cash in a tax efficient manner, funding requirements for operations and investment activities, acquisitions and divestitures and capital market conditions.

Credit Facilities—In November 2015, we entered into a $1.25 billion revolving credit facility maturing in November 2020. Under the $1.25 billion credit facility, we can borrow, issue letters of credit and backstop commercial paper. Borrowings under this facility bear interest at various rate options, including LIBOR plus a margin based on our credit ratings. Based on our credit ratings at April 2, 2017, borrowings would generally bear interest at LIBOR plus 80.5 basis points. The credit facility is composed of commitments from 20 separate highly rated lenders, each committing no more than 10% of the facility. As of April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016 there were no borrowings outstanding under this credit facility. We had no outstanding letters of credit at April 2, 2017 or December 31, 2016.

Under the $1.25 billion credit facility we must comply with certain covenants, including a ratio of total debt to total capitalization of no more than 60%. We were in compliance with the credit facility covenants during the three months ended April 2, 2017 and full-year 2016. Our ratio of total debt to total capitalization, as those terms are defined in the credit facility, was 33.9% at April 2, 2017. We are providing this ratio as this metric is used by our lenders to monitor our leverage and is also a threshold that could limit our ability to utilize this facility.

Shelf Registrations—We have an effective shelf registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission, filed in June 2016, which covers the registration of debt securities, common stock, preferred stock and warrants.

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Environmental Matters—We are involved in various stages of investigation and cleanup related to remediation of various environmental sites. Our estimate of the liability of total environmental remediation costs includes the use of a discount rate and takes into account that a portion of these costs is eligible for future recovery through the pricing of our products and services to the U.S. government. We consider such recovery probable based on government contracting regulations and our long history of receiving reimbursement for such costs, and accordingly have recorded the estimated future recovery of these costs from the U.S. government within prepaid expenses and other current assets, in our consolidated balance sheets. Our estimates regarding remediation costs to be incurred were as follows:  
(In millions, except percentages)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
Total remediation costs—undiscounted
 
$
216

 
$
219

Weighted average discount rate
 
5.2
%
 
5.2
%
Total remediation costs—discounted
 
$
153

 
$
147

Recoverable portion
 
96

 
92


We also lease certain government-owned properties and generally are not liable for remediation of preexisting environmental contamination at these sites. As a result, we generally do not provide for these costs in our consolidated financial statements.

Due to the complexity of environmental laws and regulations, the varying costs and effectiveness of alternative cleanup methods and technologies, the uncertainty of insurance coverage and the unresolved extent of our responsibility, it is difficult to determine the ultimate outcome of environmental matters. However, we do not expect any additional liability to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Financing Arrangements and Other—We issue guarantees, and banks and surety companies issue, on our behalf, letters of credit and surety bonds to meet various bid, performance, warranty, retention and advance payment obligations of us or our affiliates. These instruments expire on various dates through 2024. Additional guarantees of project performance for which there is no stated value also remain outstanding. The stated values outstanding consisted of the following:
(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
Guarantees
 
$
206

 
$
190

Letters of credit
 
2,420

 
2,345

Surety bonds
 
127

 
127


48

Included in guarantees and letters of credit described above were $196 million and $46 million, respectively, at April 2, 2017, and $180 million and $44 million, respectively, at December 31, 2016, related to our joint venture in Thales-Raytheon Systems Co. Ltd. (TRS). As previously disclosed in the 2016 10-K, the joint venture agreement for the TRS joint venture was amended and restated in 2016, reducing the scope of the joint venture to Thales-Raytheon Systems Air and Missile Defense Command and Control S.A.S. (TRS AMDC2) only. We provide these guarantees and letters of credit to TRS AMDC2 and other affiliates to assist these entities in obtaining financing on more favorable terms, making bids on contracts and performing their contractual obligations. While we expect these entities to satisfy their loans and meet their project performance and other contractual obligations, their failure to do so may result in a future obligation to us. We periodically evaluate the risk of TRS AMDC2 and other affiliates failing to meet their obligations described above. At April 2, 2017, we believe the risk that TRS AMDC2 and other affiliates will not be able to meet their obligations is minimal for the foreseeable future based on their current financial condition. All obligations were current at April 2, 2017. We had an estimated liability of $3 million at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016 related to these guarantees and letters of credit.

The joint venture agreement between Raytheon and Vista Equity Partners relating to Forcepoint provides Vista Equity Partners with certain rights to require Forcepoint to pursue an initial public offering at any time after four years and three months following the closing date of May 29, 2015, or pursue a sale of the company at any time after five years following the closing date. In either of these events, Raytheon has the option to purchase all (but not less than all) of Vista Equity Partners’ interest in Forcepoint for cash at a price equal to fair value as determined under the joint venture agreement. Additionally, Vista Equity Partners has the ability to liquidate its ownership through a put option any time after two years following the closing date, which could occur any time after May 29, 2017. In the event of a put option, Vista Equity Partners could require Raytheon to purchase all (but not less than all) of Vista Equity Partners’ interest in Forcepoint for cash at a price equal to fair value as determined under the joint venture agreement. The joint venture agreement provides for the process under which the parties would determine the fair value of the interest and could result in a payment by Raytheon shortly after the exercise of the put option; however, the ultimate timing will depend on the actions of the parties and other factors. Lastly, at any time after three years following the closing date, Raytheon has the option to purchase all (but not less than all) of Vista Equity Partners’ interest in Forcepoint at a price equal to fair value as determined under the joint venture agreement. At April 2, 2017, the fair value of the noncontrolling interest is estimated at $349 million and is subject to change based upon market conditions and business performance. The estimate of fair value for purposes of presenting the redeemable noncontrolling interest, outside of stockholders' equity, in our consolidated balance sheets could differ from the parties' determination of fair value for the put option under the joint venture agreement.
We have entered into industrial cooperation agreements, sometimes referred to as offset agreements, as a condition to obtaining orders for our products and services from certain customers in foreign countries. At April 2, 2017, the aggregate amount of our offset agreements, both agreed to and anticipated to be agreed to, had an outstanding notional value of approximately $8.5 billion. These agreements are designed to return economic value to the foreign country by requiring us to engage in activities supporting local defense or commercial industries, promoting a balance of trade, developing in-country technology capabilities or addressing other local development priorities. Offset agreements may be satisfied through activities that do not require a direct cash payment, including transferring technology, providing manufacturing, training and other consulting support to in-country projects, and the purchase by third parties (e.g., our vendors) of supplies from in-country vendors. These agreements may also be satisfied through our use of cash for activities such as subcontracting with local partners, purchasing supplies from in-country vendors, providing financial support for in-country projects and making investments in local ventures. Such activities may also vary by country depending upon requirements as dictated by their governments. We typically do not commit to offset agreements until orders for our products or services are definitive. The amounts ultimately applied against our offset agreements are based on negotiations with the customers and typically require cash outlays that represent only a fraction of the notional value in the offset agreements. Offset programs usually extend over several or more years and may provide for penalties in the event we fail to perform in accordance with offset requirements. We have historically not been required to pay any such penalties.
 
As a U.S. government contractor, we are subject to many levels of audit and investigation by the U.S. government relating to our contract performance and compliance with applicable rules and regulations. Agencies that oversee contract performance include: the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA); the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA); the Inspectors General of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and other departments and agencies; the Government Accountability Office (GAO); the Department of Justice (DoJ); and Congressional Committees. From time to time, these and other agencies investigate or conduct audits to determine whether our operations are being conducted in accordance with applicable requirements. Such investigations and audits may be initiated due to a number of reasons, including as a result of a whistleblower complaint. Such investigations and audits could result in administrative, civil or criminal liabilities, including repayments, fines or penalties being imposed upon us, the suspension of government export licenses or the suspension or debarment from future U.S. government contracting. U.S. government investigations often take years to complete and many result in no adverse action against us. Our final allowable incurred costs for each year are also subject to audit and have, from time to time, resulted in disputes between us and the U.S. government, with litigation resulting at the Court of Federal Claims (COFC) or the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (ASBCA) or their related courts of appeals. In addition, the DoJ has, from time to time, convened grand juries to investigate

49

possible irregularities by us. We also provide products and services to customers outside of the U.S., and those sales are subject to local government laws, regulations and procurement policies and practices. Our compliance with such local government regulations or any applicable U.S. government regulations (e.g., the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR)) may also be investigated or audited. Other than as specifically disclosed herein, we do not expect these audits, investigations or disputes to have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity, either individually or in the aggregate.

On June 23, 2016, the U.K. held a referendum in which British citizens approved an exit from the European Union (EU), commonly referred to as “Brexit”. As a result of the referendum, there has been a decline in the value of the British pound as compared to the U.S. dollar and volatility in exchange rates may continue as the U.K. negotiates its exit from the EU. The British pound is the functional currency for approximately 2% of our sales. In addition, for any contracts that are not denominated in the same currency as the functional currency (for example, contracts denominated in British pounds where the functional currency is the U.S. dollar), we enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge our risk related to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. As a result, we currently do not expect the U.K.’s exit from the EU to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

In addition, various other claims and legal proceedings generally incidental to the normal course of business are pending or threatened against, or initiated by, us. We do not expect any of these proceedings to result in any additional liability or gains that would materially affect our financial position, results of operations or liquidity. In connection with certain of our legal matters, we may be entitled to insurance recovery for qualified legal costs. We do not expect any insurance recovery to have a material impact on the financial exposure that could result from these matters.

Accounting Standards
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which replaces numerous requirements in U.S. GAAP, including industry-specific requirements, and provides companies with a single revenue recognition model for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The core principle of the new standard is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The two permitted transition methods under the new standard are the full retrospective method, in which case the standard would be applied to each prior reporting period presented and the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the earliest period shown, or the modified retrospective method, in which case the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the date of initial application. In July 2015, the FASB approved the deferral of the new standard's effective date by one year. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The FASB permits companies to adopt the new standard early, but not before the original effective date of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016.

Effective January 1, 2017, we elected to early adopt the requirements of Topic 606 using the full retrospective method. The impact to our fiscal quarters and year-ended 2016 and year-ended 2015 income from continuing operations after taxes, net income and basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) was as follows:

 
Three Months Ended
 
Twelve Months Ended
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Dec 31, 2016

 
Oct 2, 2016

 
Jul 3, 2016

 
Apr 3, 2016

 
Dec 31, 2016

 
Dec 31, 2015

Income from continuing operations after taxes
$
12

 
$
18

 
$
9

 
$
—

 
$
39

 
$
40

Net income
12

 
18

 
9

 
—

 
39

 
40

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic EPS attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations after taxes
$
0.04

 
$
0.05

 
$
0.02

 
$
—

 
$
0.10

 
$
0.12

Net income
0.04

 
0.05

 
0.02

 
—

 
0.11

 
0.11

Diluted EPS attributable to Raytheon Company common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations after taxes
$
0.03

 
$
0.05

 
$
0.03

 
$
—

 
$
0.11

 
$
0.12

Net income
0.04

 
0.05

 
0.03

 
—

 
0.11

 
0.11


50

In addition, the cumulative impact to our retained earnings at January 1, 2015 was $13 million.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This ASU is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows by providing guidance on eight specific cash flow issues, including requirements that cash payments for debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs be classified as cash outflows for financing activities and proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies be classified as cash inflows from investing activities. The provisions of ASU 2016-15 are effective for years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We have elected to early adopt the requirements of the new standard in the first quarter of 2017 using the retrospective transition method, as required by the new standard. The adoption of this ASU had an immaterial impact to our consolidated statements of cash flows.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, which requires that restricted cash be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The provisions of ASU 2016-18 are effective for years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We have elected to early adopt the requirements of the new standard in the first quarter of 2017 using the retrospective transition method, as required by the new standard. The adoption of this ASU had an immaterial impact to our consolidated statements of cash flows.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts in the consolidated statements of cash flows:

(In millions)
 
Apr 2, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
2,186

 
$
3,303

Restricted cash included within prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
1

 
—

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows
 
$
2,187

 
$
3,303


In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for most lease arrangements. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted, and must be adopted using the modified retrospective approach. We are currently evaluating the potential changes from this ASU to our future financial reporting and disclosures. We expect the standard to have an impact of approximately $1 billion on our assets and liabilities for the addition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, but we do not expect it to have a material impact to our results of operations or liquidity.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715), which changes certain presentation and disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit (PRB) plans. This requires the service cost component of the net benefit cost to be in the same line item as other compensation in operating income and the other components of net benefit cost to be presented outside of operating income on a retrospective basis. In addition, only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization when applicable, on a prospective basis. The provisions of ASU 2017-07 are effective for years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential changes from this ASU to our future financial reporting and disclosures. We expect the standard to increase 2016 and 2017 operating income due to the removal of the non-service component of FAS pension expense by $601 million and approximately $800 million respectively, and to decrease non-operating income by the same amount with zero impact to net income in both periods. We do not expect a material impact from the new requirement to only allow capitalization of the service cost component of net benefit cost.

Other new pronouncements issued but not effective until after April 2, 2017 are not expected to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our primary market exposures are to interest rates and foreign exchange rates.
 
We generally supplement our working capital requirements with a combination of variable-rate short-term and fixed-rate long-term financing. We enter into foreign currency forward contracts with commercial banks to fix the foreign currency exchange rates on specific commitments and payments to vendors and customer receipts. We may enter into interest rate swap agreements with commercial and investment banks to manage interest rates associated with our financing arrangements. The market-risk

51

sensitive instruments we use for hedging are entered into with commercial and investment banks and are directly related to a particular asset, liability or transaction for which a firm commitment is in place.

The following tables provide information as of April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016 about our market risk exposure associated with changing interest rates. For long-term debt obligations, the table presents principal cash flows by maturity date and average interest rates related to outstanding obligations. There were no interest rate swaps outstanding at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Principal payments and interest rate detail for long-term debt by contractual maturity dates as of April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, were as follows: 
(In millions, except percentages)
 
2017

 
2018

 
2019

 
2020

 
2021

 
Thereafter

 
Total

 
Fair Value

Fixed-rate debt
 
$
—

 
$
591

 
$
—

 
$
1,500

 
$
—

 
$
3,292

 
$
5,383

 
$
5,848

Average interest rate
 
—

 
6.549
%
 
—

 
3.550
%
 
—

 
4.229
%
 
4.295
%
 
 

In addition, the aggregate notional amount of the outstanding foreign currency forward contracts was $1,324 million and $1,277 million at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The net notional exposure of these contracts was approximately $195 million and $342 million at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

For foreign currency forward contracts designated and qualifying for hedge accounting, we record the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, and reclassify it into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged revenue or cost of sales transaction affects earnings. Unrealized gains of $46 million and $53 million were included in other assets, net, and unrealized losses of $41 million and $48 million were included in other current liabilities at April 2, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Realized gains and losses resulting from these cash flow hedges offset the foreign currency exchange gains and losses on the underlying assets or liabilities being hedged. We believe our exposure due to changes in foreign currency rates is not material due to our hedging policy.

At April 2, 2017, we had short-term investments with a fair value of $399 million, which are classified as available-for-sale and consist of highly rated bank certificates of deposit with a minimum long-term debt rating of A or A2 and a minimum short-term debt rating of A-1 and P-1. Our exposure due to changes in interest rates is not material due to the nature and amount of our short-term investments (i.e., high quality certificates of deposit which had an average maturity of four months).

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Management has conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of April 2, 2017.
Conclusion of Evaluation—Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of April 2, 2017 were effective.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls—In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any control, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Due to the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting—There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the first quarter of 2017 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.




52

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We primarily engage in providing products and services under contracts with the U.S. government and, to a lesser degree, under direct foreign sales contracts, some of which the U.S. government funds. As a U.S. government contractor, we are subject to many levels of audit and investigation by the U.S. government relating to our contract performance and compliance with applicable rules and regulations. Agencies that oversee contract performance include: the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA); the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA); the Inspectors General of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and other departments and agencies; the Government Accountability Office (GAO); the Department of Justice (DoJ); and Congressional Committees. From time to time, these and other agencies investigate or conduct audits to determine whether our operations are being conducted in accordance with applicable requirements. Such investigations and audits may be initiated due to a number of reasons, including as a result of a whistleblower complaint. Such investigations and audits could result in administrative, civil or criminal liabilities, including repayments, fines or penalties being imposed upon us, the suspension of government export licenses or the suspension or debarment from future U.S. government contracting. U.S. government investigations often take years to complete and many result in no adverse action against us. Our final allowable incurred costs for each year are also subject to audit and have, from time to time, resulted in disputes between us and the U.S. government, with litigation resulting at the Court of Federal Claims (COFC) or the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (ASBCA) or their related courts of appeals. In addition, the DoJ has, from time to time, convened grand juries to investigate possible irregularities by us. We also provide products and services to customers outside of the U.S., and those sales are subject to local government laws, regulations and procurement policies and practices. Our compliance with such local government regulations or any applicable U.S. government regulations (e.g., the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR)) may also be investigated or audited. Other than as specifically disclosed in this Form 10-Q, we do not expect these audits, investigations or disputes to have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity, either individually or in the aggregate.

In addition, various other claims and legal proceedings generally incidental to the normal course of business are pending or threatened against us. We do not expect these proceedings to result in any additional liability that would materially affect our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
You should carefully review and consider the information regarding certain factors which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results set forth under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. There have been no material changes from the factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, although we may disclose changes to such factors or disclose additional factors from time to time in our future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 
Period
Total Number of
Shares
Purchased (1)

 
Average
Price Paid
per Share

 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plan

 
Approximate Dollar
Value (in billions)
of Shares that
May Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plan (2)

January (January 1, 2017 - January 29, 2017)
7,799

 
$
145.70

 
—

 
$
1.6

February (January 30, 2017 - February 26, 2017)
2,671,987

 
149.71

 
2,671,944

 
1.2

March (February 27, 2017 - April 2, 2017)
97,621

 
155.90

 
—

 
1.2

Total
2,777,407

 
$
149.92

 
2,671,944

 
 
(1)
Includes shares purchased related to activity under our stock plans. Such activity during the first quarter of 2017 includes the surrender by employees of 105,463 shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock issued to employees.
(2)
In November 2015, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $2.0 billion of our outstanding common stock.


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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
The following list of exhibits includes exhibits submitted with this Form 10-Q as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and those incorporated by reference to other filings.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
101
 
The following materials from Raytheon Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 2, 2017, formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.*
 
*
filed electronically herewith
**
furnished electronically herewith, and not filed

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
RAYTHEON COMPANY
 
 
By:
/s/ Michael J. Wood
 
Michael J. Wood
 
Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
 
Principal Accounting Officer
April 27, 2017


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