Contingencies	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Contingencies	8. CONTINGENCIES An accrual for estimated legal fees and settlements of $0.9 million and $8.7 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, is presented within current liabilities – other accrued expenses on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We record a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We evaluate, at least quarterly, developments in our legal matters that could affect the amount of liability that was previously accrued, and make adjustments as appropriate. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount. We may be unable to estimate a possible loss or range of possible loss due to various reasons, including, among others: (1) if the damages sought are indeterminate; (2) if the proceedings are in early stages; (3) if there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending appeals, motions, or settlements; (4) if there are significant factual issues to be determined or resolved; and (5) if there are novel or unsettled legal theories presented. In such instances, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the ultimate resolution of such matters, including a possible eventual loss, if any. We are, or were, a party to the following legal proceedings that we consider to be outside the scope of ordinary routine litigation incidental to our business. Due to the inherent uncertainties of litigation, we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of these matters. An unfavorable outcome of any one or more of these matters could have a material adverse impact on our business, reputation, results of operations, cash flows and financial position. Oregon Arbitrations. There are 325 active individual arbitration claims which were filed against Western Culinary Institute, Ltd. (“WCI”) from March through July 2018, all of which are being administered by the American Arbitration Association. These individual arbitrations involve students who attended WCI from approximately 2008 to 2010. Each arbitration seeks monetary damages and alleges that WCI made a variety of misrepresentations to the individual student filing the arbitration, relating generally to WCI’s placement statistics, students’ employment prospects upon graduation from WCI, the value and quality of an education at WCI, and the amount of tuition students could expect to pay as compared to salaries they could expect to earn after graduation. The institution is no longer in operation and closed in 2017. Because of the early stages of these individual arbitrations, the unique circumstances with respect to each individual student and the many questions of fact and law that have already arisen and that may arise in the future, the outcome of each of these individual arbitrations is uncertain at this point. Based on information available to us at present, we cannot reasonably estimate a range of potential loss, if any, for these actions because of the inherent difficulty in assessing damages, if any, in each individual arbitration and the number of individual students, if any, who might be entitled to recover damages. Accordingly, we have not recognized any liability associated with any of these actions. Multi-State AGs. The Attorney General of Connecticut is serving as the point of contact for inquiries received from the attorneys general of the following: Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Washington (January 24, 2014); Illinois (December 9, 2011); Tennessee (February 7, 2014); Hawaii (May 28, 2014 ); New Mexico (May 2014); Maryland (March 16, 2015); and the District of Columbia (June 3, 2015) (these 18 attorneys general are collectively referred to as the “Multi-State AGs”). The inquiries are civil investigative demands or subpoenas which relate to the investigation by the attorneys general of whether the Company and its schools have complied with certain state consumer protection laws, and generally focus on the Company's practices relating to the recruitment of students, graduate placement statistics, graduate certification and licensing results and student lending activities, among other matters. Depending on the state, the documents and information sought by the attorneys general in connection with their investigations cover time periods as early as 2006 to the present. In addition, the Company has received in the past similar inquiries from the attorneys general of several other states. The Company continues to cooperate with the Multi-State AGs with a view towards resolving their inquiries as promptly as possible. In this regard, the Company continues to participate in meetings with representatives of the Multi-State AGs about the Company’s business and to engage in a dialogue towards a resolution of the inquiries by the Multi-State AGs. If the Company and the Multi-State AGs enter into an agreement resolving their inquiries, the Company believes that attorneys general of additional states may also be a party to any such agreement. The ultimate outcome of the Multi-State AGs’ inquiries is uncertain. At the conclusion of these matters, the Company or certain of its institutions may be subject to claims of failure to comply with state laws or regulations, required to pay significant financial penalties and/or required to curtail or modify their operations. Based on information available to us at present and the uncertain outcome of these inquiries, we cannot reasonably estimate a range of potential loss these inquiries might have on the Company. FTC. On August 20, 2015, the Company received a request for information pursuant to a Civil Investigative Demand (“CID”) from the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”). The request was made pursuant to a November 2013 resolution by the FTC directing an investigation to determine whether unnamed persons, partnerships, corporations, or others have engaged or are engaging in deceptive or unfair acts or practices in or affecting commerce in the advertising, marketing or sale of secondary or postsecondary educational products or services, or educational accreditation products or services. The information request requires the Company to provide documents and information regarding a broad spectrum of the business and practices of its subsidiaries and institutions for the time period of January 1, 2010 to the present. The Company continues to respond to supplemental requests for information, including a CID dated July 5, 2018 requesting specific information about telephone calls placed to prospective students from 2013 to the present. The Company is cooperating with the FTC with a view towards resolving this inquiry as promptly as possible, including agreeing with the FTC to toll the statute of limitations from October 18, 2018 until such time as the tolling may be terminated with respect to any claims the FTC may have under the Federal Trade Commission Act or the Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act. The ultimate outcome of the FTC’s inquiry is uncertain. At the conclusion of this matter, the Company or certain of its institutions may be subject to claims of failure to comply with federal laws or regulations, required to pay significant financial penalties and/or required to curtail or modify their operations. Based on information available to us at present and the uncertain outcome of this inquiry, we cannot reasonably estimate a range of potential loss this inquiry might have on the Company. ED. In December 2011, ED advised the Company that it was conducting an inquiry concerning possible violations of ED misrepresentation regulations that stemmed from the Company self-reporting to ED its review of placement determination practices in 2011. In connection with the inquiry, ED moved all of the Company’s institutions from the “advance” method of payment of Title IV Program funds to cash monitoring status (referred to as Heightened Cash Monitoring 1, or HCM1, status). The Company has cooperated with ED in connection with its inquiry; however, almost all of the schools that were the principal subjects of the inquiry are now closed. On September 27, 2018, ED notified the Company that it was removing the HCM1 designation from the Company’s remaining institutions, including AIU and CTU, and returning them to the “advance” method of payment. We will continue to provide ED with monthly updates on regulatory matters, student complaints and financial performance, to the extent requested by ED. Other. In addition to the legal proceedings and other matters described above, we receive informal requests from state attorneys general and other government agencies relating to specific complaints they have received from students or former students which seek information about the student, our programs, and other matters relating to our activities in the relevant state. These requests can be broad and time consuming to respond to, and there is a risk that they could expand and/or lead to a formal inquiry or investigation into our practices in a particular state. We are also subject to a variety of other claims, lawsuits, arbitrations and investigations that arise from time to time out of the conduct of our business, including, but not limited to, matters involving prospective students, students or graduates, alleged violations of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, both individually and on behalf of a putative class, and employment matters. While we currently believe that these additional matters, individually or in aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on our financial position, cash flows or results of operations, these additional matters are subject to inherent uncertainties, and management’s view of these matters may change in the future. Were an unfavorable final outcome to occur in any one or more of these matters, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on our business, reputation, financial position and cash flows.

8. CONTINGENCIES

An accrual for estimated legal fees and settlements of $0.9 million and $8.7 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, is presented within current liabilities – other accrued expenses on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

We record a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We evaluate, at least quarterly, developments in our legal matters that could affect the amount of liability that was previously accrued, and make adjustments as appropriate. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount. We may be unable to estimate a possible loss or range of possible loss due to various reasons, including, among others: (1) if the damages sought are indeterminate; (2) if the proceedings are in early stages; (3) if there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending appeals, motions, or settlements; (4) if there are significant factual issues to be determined or resolved; and (5) if there are novel or unsettled legal theories presented. In such instances, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the ultimate resolution of such matters, including a possible eventual loss, if any.

We are, or were, a party to the following legal proceedings that we consider to be outside the scope of ordinary routine litigation incidental to our business. Due to the inherent uncertainties of litigation, we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of these matters. An unfavorable outcome of any one or more of these matters could have a material adverse impact on our business, reputation, results of operations, cash flows and financial position.

Oregon Arbitrations. There are 325 active individual arbitration claims which were filed against Western Culinary Institute, Ltd. (“WCI”) from March through July 2018, all of which are being administered by the American Arbitration Association. These individual arbitrations involve students who attended WCI from approximately 2008 to 2010. Each arbitration seeks monetary damages and alleges that WCI made a variety of misrepresentations to the individual student filing the arbitration, relating generally to WCI’s placement statistics, students’ employment prospects upon graduation from WCI, the value and quality of an education at WCI, and the amount of tuition students could expect to pay as compared to salaries they could expect to earn after graduation. The institution is no longer in operation and closed in 2017.

Because of the early stages of these individual arbitrations, the unique circumstances with respect to each individual student and the many questions of fact and law that have already arisen and that may arise in the future, the outcome of each of these individual arbitrations is uncertain at this point. Based on information available to us at present, we cannot reasonably estimate a range of potential loss, if any, for these actions because of the inherent difficulty in assessing damages, if any, in each individual arbitration and the number of individual students, if any, who might be entitled to recover damages. Accordingly, we have not recognized any liability associated with any of these actions.

Multi-State AGs. The Attorney General of Connecticut is serving as the point of contact for inquiries received from the attorneys general of the following: Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Washington (January 24, 2014); Illinois (December 9, 2011); Tennessee (February 7, 2014); Hawaii (May 28, 2014 ); New Mexico (May 2014); Maryland (March 16, 2015); and the District of Columbia (June 3, 2015) (these 18 attorneys general are collectively referred to as the “Multi-State AGs”). The inquiries are civil investigative demands or subpoenas which relate to the investigation by the attorneys general of whether the Company and its schools have complied with certain state consumer protection laws, and generally focus on the Company's practices relating to the recruitment of students, graduate placement statistics, graduate certification and licensing results and student lending activities, among other matters. Depending on the state, the documents and information sought by the attorneys general in connection with their investigations cover time periods as early as 2006 to the present. In addition, the Company has received in the past similar inquiries from the attorneys general of several other states. The Company continues to cooperate with the Multi-State AGs with a view towards resolving their inquiries as promptly as possible. In this regard, the Company continues to participate in meetings with representatives of the Multi-State AGs about the Company’s business and to engage in a dialogue towards a resolution of the inquiries by the Multi-State AGs. If the Company and the Multi-State AGs enter into an agreement resolving their inquiries, the Company believes that attorneys general of additional states may also be a party to any such agreement.

The ultimate outcome of the Multi-State AGs’ inquiries is uncertain. At the conclusion of these matters, the Company or certain of its institutions may be subject to claims of failure to comply with state laws or regulations, required to pay significant financial penalties and/or required to curtail or modify their operations. Based on information available to us at present and the uncertain outcome of these inquiries, we cannot reasonably estimate a range of potential loss these inquiries might have on the Company.

FTC. On August 20, 2015, the Company received a request for information pursuant to a Civil Investigative Demand (“CID”) from the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”). The request was made pursuant to a November 2013 resolution by the FTC directing an investigation to determine whether unnamed persons, partnerships, corporations, or others have engaged or are engaging in deceptive or unfair acts or practices in or affecting commerce in the advertising, marketing or sale of secondary or postsecondary educational products or services, or educational accreditation products or services. The information request requires the Company to provide documents and information regarding a broad spectrum of the business and practices of its subsidiaries and institutions for the time period of January 1, 2010 to the present. The Company continues to respond to supplemental requests for information, including a CID dated July 5, 2018 requesting specific information about telephone calls placed to prospective students from 2013 to the present. The Company is cooperating with the FTC with a view towards resolving this inquiry as promptly as possible, including agreeing with the FTC to toll the statute of limitations from October 18, 2018 until such time as the tolling may be terminated with respect to any claims the FTC may have under the Federal Trade Commission Act or the Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act.

The ultimate outcome of the FTC’s inquiry is uncertain. At the conclusion of this matter, the Company or certain of its institutions may be subject to claims of failure to comply with federal laws or regulations, required to pay significant financial penalties and/or required to curtail or modify their operations. Based on information available to us at present and the uncertain outcome of this inquiry, we cannot reasonably estimate a range of potential loss this inquiry might have on the Company.

ED. In December 2011, ED advised the Company that it was conducting an inquiry concerning possible violations of ED misrepresentation regulations that stemmed from the Company self-reporting to ED its review of placement determination practices in 2011. In connection with the inquiry, ED moved all of the Company’s institutions from the “advance” method of payment of Title IV Program funds to cash monitoring status (referred to as Heightened Cash Monitoring 1, or HCM1, status). The Company has cooperated with ED in connection with its inquiry; however, almost all of the schools that were the principal subjects of the inquiry are now closed. On September 27, 2018, ED notified the Company that it was removing the HCM1 designation from the Company’s remaining institutions, including AIU and CTU, and returning them to the “advance” method of payment. We will continue to provide ED with monthly updates on regulatory matters, student complaints and financial performance, to the extent requested by ED.

Other. In addition to the legal proceedings and other matters described above, we receive informal requests from state attorneys general and other government agencies relating to specific complaints they have received from students or former students which seek information about the student, our programs, and other matters relating to our activities in the relevant state. These requests can be broad and time consuming to respond to, and there is a risk that they could expand and/or lead to a formal inquiry or investigation into our practices in a particular state. We are also subject to a variety of other claims, lawsuits, arbitrations and investigations that arise from time to time out of the conduct of our business, including, but not limited to, matters involving prospective students, students or graduates, alleged violations of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, both individually and on behalf of a putative class, and employment matters. While we currently believe that these additional matters, individually or in aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on our financial position, cash flows or results of operations, these additional matters are subject to inherent uncertainties, and management’s view of these matters may change in the future. Were an unfavorable final outcome to occur in any one or more of these matters, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on our business, reputation, financial position and cash flows.