Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1: Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in active exchange markets, or interest in open-end mutual funds that allow the Company to sell its ownership interest back to the fund at net asset value on a daily basis. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets, liabilities, or funds.

Level 2: Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in less active dealer or broker markets, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or valuations using methodologies with observable inputs.

Level 3: Valuations for assets and liabilities that are derived from other valuation methodologies, such as option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques using unobservable inputs, and not based on market exchange, dealer, or broker traded transactions. Level 3 valuations incorporate certain assumptions and projections in determining the fair value assigned to such assets or liabilities.

(a) Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to measure the fair value of certain assets on a recurring and nonrecurring basis:

Investment Securities Available for Sale:

The fair values of all investment securities are based upon the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the security. If available, fair values of investment securities are determined by quoted market prices (Level 1). For investment securities where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices on similar securities (Level 2). For investment securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated by using observable and unobservable inputs such as discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3). Security valuations are obtained from third party pricing services for comparable assets or liabilities.

Impaired Loans:

At the time a loan is considered impaired, its impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, observable market price, or fair market value of the collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent. Impaired loans for which impairment is measured using the discounted cash flow approach are not considered to be measured at fair value because the loan’s effective interest rate is generally not a fair value input, and for the purposes of fair value disclosures, the fair value of these loans are measured commensurate with non-impaired loans. If the Company utilizes the fair market value of the collateral method, the fair value used to measure impairment is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value based on the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business (Level 3). Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.

Other Real Estate Owned:

Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

Appraisals for both collateral-dependent impaired loans and other real estate owned are performed by certified general appraisers for commercial properties or certified residential appraisers for residential properties whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once received, the Company reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics. On a quarterly basis, the Company compares the actual selling price of collateral that has been liquidated to the most recent appraised value to determine what additional adjustment should be made to the appraisal value to arrive at fair value.

Derivative Financial Instruments:

The Company obtains broker or dealer quotes to value its interest rate derivative contracts, which use valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2).

The following tables summarize the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.



	June 30, 2017
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
Assets
Investment securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored agencies	$	9,448	$	—	$	9,448	$	—
Municipal securities	244,330		—		244,330		—
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations:
Residential	281,836		—		281,836		—
Commercial	208,659		—		208,659		—
Collateralized loan obligations	6,795		—		6,795		—
Corporate obligations	13,765		—		13,765		—
Other securities	25,761		128		25,633		—
Total investment securities available for sale	790,594		128		790,466		—
Derivative assets - interest rate swaps	3,055		—		3,055		—
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities - interest rate swaps	$	3,055	$	—	$	3,055	$	—



	December 31, 2016
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
Assets
Investment securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored agencies	$	1,569	$	—	$	1,569	$	—
Municipal securities	237,256		—		237,256		—
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations:
Residential	309,176		—		309,176		—
Commercial	208,318		—		208,318		—
Collateralized loan obligations	10,478		—		10,478		—
Corporate obligations	16,706		—		16,706		—
Other securities	11,142		123		11,019		—
Total investment securities available for sale	794,645		123		794,522		—
Derivative assets - interest rate swaps	2,804		—		2,804		—
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities - interest rate swaps	$	2,804	$	—	$	2,804	$	—

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

The Company may be required to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These adjustments to fair value usually result from application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

The tables below represent assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and the net losses (gains) recorded in earnings during three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.



	Basis⁽¹⁾		Fair Value at June 30, 2017
	Basis⁽¹⁾		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Net Losses Recorded in Earnings During the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017		Net Losses (Gains) Recorded in Earnings During the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
	(In thousands)
Impaired loans:
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial	$	172	$	164	$	—	$	—	$	164	$	—	$	7
Owner-occupied commercial real estate	182		179		—		—		179		3		8
Total commercial business	354		343		—		—		343		3		15
Consumer	18		16		—		—		16		—		(3		)
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	$	372	$	359	$	—	$	—	$	359	$	3	$	12


⁽¹⁾	Basis represents the unpaid principal balance of impaired loans.



	Basis⁽¹⁾		Fair Value at December 31, 2016
	Basis⁽¹⁾		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Net Losses (Gains) Recorded in Earnings During the Three Months Ended June 30, 2016			Net Losses (Gains) Recorded in Earnings During the Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
	(In thousands)
Impaired loans:
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial	$	205	$	200	$	—	$	—	$	200	$	60		$	60
Owner-occupied commercial real estate	780		603		—		—		603		—			—
Total commercial business	985		803		—		—		803		60			60
Real estate construction and land development:
One-to-four family residential	828		822		—		—		822		(6		)	(13		)
Total real estate construction and land development	828		822		—		—		822		(6		)	(13		)
Consumer	16		9		—		—		9		—			—
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	$	1,829	$	1,634	$	—	$	—	$	1,634	$	54		$	47


⁽¹⁾	Basis represents the unpaid principal balance of impaired loans.

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.



	June 30, 2017
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input(s)	Range of Inputs; Weighted Average
	(Dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans	$	359	Market approach	Adjustment for differences between the comparable sales	(23.8%) - 23.0%; (2.6%)



	December 31, 2016
	Fair Value		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input(s)	Range of Inputs; Weighted Average
	(Dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans	$	1,634	Market approach	Adjustment for differences between the comparable sales	(23.8%) - 63.9%; 20.4%

(b) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Because broadly traded markets do not exist for most of the Company’s financial instruments, the fair value calculations attempt to incorporate the effect of current market conditions at a specific time. These determinations are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and do not include tax ramifications; therefore, the results cannot be determined with precision, substantiated by comparison to independent markets and may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the instruments. There may be inherent weaknesses in any calculation technique, and changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect the results. For all of these reasons, the aggregation of the fair value calculations presented herein do not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of the Company.

The tables below present the carrying value amount of the Company’s financial instruments and their corresponding estimated fair values at the dates indicated.



	June 30, 2017
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements Using:
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	124,234	$	124,234	$	124,234	$	—	$	—
Investment securities available for sale	790,594		790,594		112		790,482		—
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	9,083		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Loans held for sale	5,787		5,961		—		5,961		—
Total loans receivable, net	2,716,756		2,725,031		—		—		2,725,031
Accrued interest receivable	11,081		11,081		11		3,515		7,555
Derivative assets - interest rate swaps	3,055		3,055		—		3,055		—
Financial Liabilities:
Noninterest deposits, NOW accounts, money market accounts and savings accounts	$	2,900,997	$	2,900,997	$	2,900,997	$	—	$	—
Certificate of deposit accounts	390,253		389,373		—		389,373		—
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	110,900		110,900		—		110,900		—
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase	21,255		21,255		21,255		—		—
Junior subordinated debentures	19,863		15,000		—		—		15,000
Accrued interest payable	151		151		41		80		30
Derivative liabilities - interest rate swaps	3,055		3,055		—		3,055		—



	December 31, 2016
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements Using:
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In thousands)
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	103,745	$	103,745	$	103,745	$	—	$	—
Investment securities available for sale	794,645		794,645		123		794,522		—
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	7,564		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A
Loans held for sale	11,662		11,988		—		11,988		—
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses	2,609,666		2,675,811		—		—		2,675,811
Accrued interest receivable	10,925		10,925		3		3,472		7,450
Derivative assets - interest rate swaps	2,804		2,804		—		2,804		—
Financial Liabilities:
Noninterest deposits, NOW accounts, money market accounts and savings accounts	$	2,872,247	$	2,872,247	$	2,872,247	$	—	$	—
Certificate of deposit accounts	357,401		357,536		—		357,536		—
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	79,600		79,600		—		79,600		—
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase	22,104		22,104		22,104		—		—
Junior subordinated debentures	19,717		15,000		—		—		15,000
Accrued interest payable	215		215		44		142		29
Derivative liabilities - interest rate swaps	2,804		2,804		—		2,804		—

The methods and assumptions, not previously presented, used to estimate fair value are described as follows:

Cash and Cash Equivalents:

The fair value of financial instruments that are short-term or reprice frequently and that have little or no risk are considered to have a fair value equal to carrying value (Level 1).

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock:

FHLB stock is not publicly traded; thus, it is not practicable to determine the fair value of FHLB stock due to restrictions placed on its transferability.

Loans Held for Sale:

The fair value of loans held for sale is estimated based upon binding contracts or quotes from third party investors for similar loans. (Level 2).

Loans Receivable:

Except for certain impaired loans discussed previously, fair value is based on discounted cash flows using current market rates applied to the estimated life (Level 3). While these methodologies are permitted under U.S. GAAP, they are not based on the exit price concept of the fair value required under FASB ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, and generally produce a higher value.

Accrued Interest Receivable/Payable:

The fair value of accrued interest receivable/payable balances approximates the carrying value. The fair value measurements are commensurate with the asset or liability from which the accrued interest is generated (Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3).

Deposits:

For deposits with no contractual maturity, the fair value is assumed to equal the carrying value (Level 1). The fair value of fixed maturity deposits is based on discounted cash flows using the difference between the deposit rate and the rates offered by the Company for deposits of similar remaining maturities (Level 2).

Federal Home Loan Bank advances:

The fair value of FHLB advances is estimated based on discounting the future cash flows using the market rate currently offered (Level 2).

Securities Sold Under Agreement to Repurchase:

Securities sold under agreement to repurchase are short-term in nature and they reprice on a daily basis. Fair value financial instruments that are short-term or reprice frequently and that have little or no risk are considered to have a fair value equal to carrying value (Level 1).

Junior Subordinated Debentures:

The fair value is estimated using discounted cash flow analysis based on current rates for similar types of debt, which many be unobservable, and considering recent trading activity of similar instruments in markets which can be inactive (Level 3).

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments:

The majority of our commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and commitments to sell mortgage loans carry current market interest rates if converted to loans. As such, no premium or discount was ascribed to these commitments (Level 1). They are excluded from the preceding tables.