We operate on a global basis and are exposed to the risk that our earnings, cash flows and equity could be adversely impacted by fluctuations in foreign exchange and interest rates. Our hedging policy attempts to manage these risks to an acceptable level based on our judgment of the appropriate trade-off between risk, opportunity and costs.

We are primarily exposed to foreign exchange risk with respect to recognized assets and liabilities, forecasted transactions and net assets denominated in the Euro, British Pound, Chinese Renminbi, Japanese Yen, Swedish Krona, Polish Zloty, Mexican Peso, Australian Dollar, Canadian Dollar, Korean Won, Colombian Peso, Brazilian Real, Turkish Lira, and Indian Rupee. We manage our foreign currency exposures on a consolidated basis, which allows us to net exposures and take advantage of any natural offsets. In addition, we use derivative and nonderivative instruments to further reduce our net exposure to foreign exchange risk. Gains and losses on the hedging instruments offset losses and gains on the hedged transactions and reduce the earnings and equity volatility resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates. Financial market and currency volatility may limit our ability to cost-effectively hedge these exposures.

We are also exposed to the risk that our earnings and cash flows could be adversely impacted by fluctuations in interest rates. Our policy is to manage interest costs using the mix of fixed- and floating-rate debt that we believe is appropriate at that time. To manage this mix in a cost-efficient manner, we periodically enter into interest rate swaps in which we agree to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed and floating interest amounts calculated by reference to an agreed-upon notional amount.

Derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are classified as short-term or long-term based on the scheduled maturity of the instrument. We designate certain of our derivatives and foreign-currency denominated debt as hedging instruments in cash flow, fair value or net investment hedges.

We may use options, including collars and purchased options, forwards and cross-currency swaps to hedge the foreign exchange risk to earnings relating to forecasted transactions and recognized assets and liabilities. We periodically use treasury rate locks to hedge the risk to earnings associated with movements in interest rates relating to anticipated issuances of debt.

For each derivative instrument that is designated and effective as a cash flow hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in AOCI and then recognized in earnings consistent with the underlying hedged item. Option premiums or net premiums paid are initially recorded as assets and reclassified to other comprehensive income (OCI) over the life of the option, and then recognized in earnings consistent with the underlying hedged item. Cash flow hedges are classified in cost of sales and interest expense, net, and are primarily related to forecasted intra-company sales denominated in foreign currencies and forecasted interest payments on anticipated issuances of debt, respectively.

The notional amounts of foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges were $252 million and $340 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The maximum term over which we have cash flow hedge contracts in place related to forecasted transactions at June 30, 2024 is 12 months for foreign exchange contracts. There were no outstanding interest rate contracts designated as cash flow hedges as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

We periodically use interest rate swaps to convert a portion of our fixed-rate debt into variable-rate debt. These instruments hedge our earnings from changes in the fair value of debt due to fluctuations in the designated benchmark interest rate. For each derivative instrument that is designated and effective as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative is recognized immediately to earnings, and offsets changes in fair value attributable to a particular risk, such as changes in interest rates, of the hedged item, which are also recognized in earnings. Changes in the fair value of hedge instruments designated as fair value hedges are classified in interest expense, net, as they hedge the interest rate risk associated with certain of our fixed-rate debt.

In October 2023, we entered into a foreign currency forward contract with a notional amount of $798 million and designated that derivative as a fair value hedge of our €750 million of 0.40% senior notes due May 2024. This forward contract matured in May 2024.

In May 2017, we issued €600 million of 1.3% senior notes due May 2025. In May 2019, we issued €750 million of 1.3% senior notes due May 2029. We have designated these debt obligations as hedges of our net investment in our European operations and, as a result, mark to spot rate adjustments on the outstanding debt balances are recorded as a component of AOCI.

In May 2019, we issued €750 million of 0.40% senior notes due May 2024. We had designated these debt obligations as hedges of our investment in our European operations and, as a result, mark to spot rate adjustments of the outstanding debt balances were previously recorded as a component of AOCI. In October 2023, we dedesignated this previously designated net investment hedge and concurrently entered into a fair value hedging relationship as discussed in the "Fair Value Hedges" section above.

If it is determined that a derivative or nonderivative hedging instrument is no longer highly effective as a hedge, we discontinue hedge accounting prospectively. Gains or losses relating to terminations of effective cash flow hedges generally continue to be deferred and are recognized consistent with the loss or income recognition of the underlying hedged items. However, if it is probable that the hedged forecasted transactions will not occur, any gains or losses would be immediately reclassified from AOCI to earnings.

There were no cash flow hedge dedesignations in the first six months of 2024 or 2023 resulting from changes in our assessment of the probability that the hedged forecasted transactions would occur.

If we terminate a fair value hedge, an amount equal to the cumulative fair value adjustment to the hedged item at the date of termination is amortized to earnings over the remaining term of the hedged item. There were no fair value hedges terminated during the first six months of 2024 or 2023.

If we remove a net investment hedge designation, any gain or loss recognized in AOCI is not reclassified to earnings until we sell, liquidate, or deconsolidate the foreign investments that were being hedged. There were no net investment hedges terminated during the first six months of 2024 or 2023.

We use forward contracts to hedge earnings from the effects of foreign exchange relating to certain of our intra-company and third-party receivables and payables denominated in a foreign currency. These derivative instruments are generally not formally designated as hedges and the terms of these instruments generally do not exceed one month.

The following tables summarize the gains and losses on our hedging instruments and the classification of those gains and losses within our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.


	Gain (loss) recognized in OCI				Location of gain (loss) in income statement	Gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income
(in millions)	2024		2023			2024		2023
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate contracts	$	—	$	—	Interest expense, net	$	(2)	$	(2)
Foreign exchange contracts	4		10		Cost of sales	3		3
Fair value hedges
Foreign exchange contracts	(1)		—		Other (income) expense, net	(2)		—
Net investment hedges	11		10		Other (income) expense, net	—		—
Total	$	14	$	20		$	(1)	$	1


	Location of gain (loss) in income statement	Gain (loss) recognized in income
(in millions)		2024		2023
Fair value hedges
Foreign exchange contracts	Other (income) expense, net	$	(1)	$	—
Undesignated derivative instruments
Foreign exchange contracts	Other (income) expense, net	4		(15)
Total		$	3	$	(15)


	Gain (loss) recognized in OCI				Location of gain (loss) in income statement	Gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income
(in millions)	2024		2023			2024		2023
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate contracts	$	—	$	—	Interest expense, net	$	(3)	$	(3)
Foreign exchange contracts	14		10		Cost of sales	5		7
Fair value hedges
Foreign exchange contracts	(3)		—		Other (income) expense, net	(5)		—
Net investment hedges	49		(38)		Other (income) expense, net	—		—
Total	$	60	$	(28)		$	(3)	$	4


	Location of gain (loss) in income statement	Gain (loss) recognized in income
(in millions)		2024		2023
Fair value hedges
Foreign exchange contracts	Other (income) expense, net	$	(24)	$	—
Undesignated derivative instruments
Foreign exchange contracts	Other (income) expense, net	(13)		(18)
Total		$	(37)	$	(18)

As of June 30, 2024, $2 million of deferred, net after-tax gains on derivative instruments included in AOCI are expected to be recognized in earnings during the next 12 months, coinciding with when the hedged items are expected to impact earnings.

The following table summarizes the classification and fair values of derivative instruments reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2024.

Derivatives in asset positions

Derivatives in liability positions

(in millions)

Balance sheet location

Fair value

Balance sheet location

Fair value

Undesignated derivative instruments

Foreign exchange contracts

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Derivative instruments designated as hedges

Foreign exchange contracts

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

—

Total derivative instruments

The following table summarizes the classification and fair values of derivative instruments reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023.

Derivatives in asset positions

Derivatives in liability positions

(in millions)

Balance sheet location

Fair value

Balance sheet location

Fair value

Undesignated derivative instruments

Foreign exchange contracts

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

—

Derivative instruments designated as hedges

Foreign exchange contracts

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Total derivative instruments

While some of our derivatives are subject to master netting arrangements, we present our assets and liabilities related to derivative instruments on a gross basis within the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, we are not required to post collateral for any of our outstanding derivatives.

The following table provides information on our derivative positions as if they were presented on a net basis, allowing for the right of offset by counterparty.


	June 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
(in millions)	Asset		Liability		Asset		Liability
Gross amounts recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheets	$	7	$	6	$	51	$	5
Gross amount subject to offset in master netting arrangements not offset in the condensed consolidated balance sheet	(1)		(1)		(5)		(5)
Total	$	6	$	5	$	46	$	—

The following table presents the amounts recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet related to fair value hedges:


	Carrying amount of hedged item				Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged item (a)
(in millions)	Balance as of June 30, 2024		Balance as of December 31, 2023		Balance as of June 30, 2024		Balance as of December 31, 2023
Long-term debt	$	100	$	100	$	3	$	3