Share-based payments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2025

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Summary of Stock Option Activity and Related Information

The following tables summarize the activities of the stock options and provide additional details related to stock options outstanding and vested.

As at or for the year ended October 31				2025					2024
	Number of stock options			Weighted- average exercise price (1)		Number of stock options			Weighted- average exercise price
Outstanding at beginning of year		15,967,581		$	58.55		14,688,079		$	58.47
Granted		2,422,512			94.35		3,973,361			56.55
Exercised (2)		(2,824,550	)		54.71		(2,593,751	)		52.72
Forfeited/cancelled/expired		(44,171	)		66.86		(100,108	)		60.44
Outstanding at end of year		15,521,372		$	64.81		15,967,581		$	58.55
Exercisable at end of year		4,508,217		$	58.94		5,033,423		$	55.17
Available for grant		4,427,783					6,806,124

(1) For foreign currency-denominated options granted and exercised during the year, the weighted-average exercise prices are converted using exchange rates as at the grant date and settlement date, respectively. The weighted-average exercise price of outstanding balances as at October 31, 2025 reflects the conversion of foreign currency-denominated options at the year-end exchange rate.

(2) The weighted-average share price at the date of exercise was $96.04 (2024: $65.04).

Summary of Stock Options Outstanding and Vested

As at October 31, 2025	Stock options outstanding						Stock options vested
Range of exercise prices	Number outstanding		Weighted- average contractual life remaining		Weighted- average exercise price		Number outstanding		Weighted- average exercise price
$1.00 – $50.00		29,118		0.21	$	39.44		29,118	$	39.44
$50.01 – $60.00		10,327,462		6.59		57.10		2,988,762		55.22
$60.01 – $70.00		484,573		2.12		60.01		484,573		60.01
$70.01 – $80.00		2,266,832		6.09		70.05		1,005,764		70.05
$90.01 – $100.00		2,413,387		9.10		94.35		–		94.35
Total		15,521,372		6.75	$	64.84		4,508,217	$	58.94

Summary of Assumptions Used to Determine Fair Value of Options Granted

The following weighted-average assumptions were used as inputs into the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of options on the date of grant:

For the year ended October 31	2025			2024
Weighted-average assumptions
Risk-free interest rate		2.66	%		3.74	%
Expected dividend yield		4.65	%		7.50	%
Expected share price volatility		15.60	%		19.47	%
Expected life		6 years			6 years
Share price/exercise price	$	94.35		$	56.55