
Note 21		Commitments, guarantees and pledged assets

Commitments

Credit-related arrangements

Credit-related arrangements are generally off-balance sheet instruments and are typically entered into to meet the financing needs of clients. In addition, there are certain exposures for which we could be obligated to extend credit that are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. Our policy of requiring collateral or other security to support credit-related arrangements and the types of security held is generally the same as for loans. The contract amounts presented below for credit-related arrangements represent the maximum amount of additional credit that we could be obligated to extend. The contract amounts also represent the additional credit risk amounts should the contracts be fully drawn, the counterparties default and any collateral held proves to be of no value. As many of these arrangements will expire or terminate without being drawn upon, the contract amounts are not necessarily indicative of future cash requirements or actual risk of loss.


	Contract amounts
$ millions, as at October 31	2018		2017(1)
Securities lending⁽²⁾	$	51,550	$	46,753
Unutilized credit commitments⁽³⁾		224,746		209,433
Backstop liquidity facilities		10,520		11,195
Standby and performance letters of credit		13,242		12,764
Documentary and commercial letters of credit		199		214
	$	300,257	$	280,359

(1)	Certain information has been reclassified to conform the presentation adopted in the current year.

(2)	Excludes securities lending of $2.7 billion (2017: $2.0 billion) for cash because it is reported on the consolidated balance sheet.

(3)	Includes $116.5 billion (2017: $111.7 billion) of personal, home equity and credit card lines, which are unconditionally cancellable at our discretion.

In addition, the client securities lending of the joint ventures which CIBC has with The Bank of New York Mellon totalled $81.2 billion (2017: $82.4 billion) of which $7.8 billion (2017: $11.7 billion) are transactions between CIBC and the joint ventures.

CIBC has provided indemnities to customers of the joint ventures in respect of securities lending transactions with third parties amounting to $70.6 billion (2017: $68.1 billion).

Securities lending

Securities lending represents our credit exposure when we lend our own or our clients’ securities to a borrower and the borrower defaults on the redelivery obligation. The borrower must fully collateralize the security lent at all times.

Unutilized credit commitments

Unutilized credit commitments are the undrawn portion of lending facilities that we have approved to meet the requirements of clients. These lines may include various conditions that must be satisfied prior to drawdown and include facilities extended in connection with contingent acquisition financing. The credit risk associated with these lines arises from the possibility that a commitment will be drawn down as a loan at some point in the future, prior to the expiry of the commitment. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on our credit evaluation of the borrower and may include a charge over the present and future assets of the borrower.

Backstop liquidity facilities

We provide irrevocable backstop liquidity facilities primarily to ABCP conduits. We are the financial services agent for some of these conduits, while other conduits are administered by third parties. The liquidity facilities for our sponsored ABCP programs, Safe Trust, Sure Trust, and Sound Trust, require us to provide funding, subject to the satisfaction of certain limited conditions with respect to the conduits, to fund non-defaulted assets.

Standby and performance letters of credit

These represent an irrevocable obligation to make payments to third parties in the event that clients are unable to meet their contractual financial or performance obligations. The credit risk associated with these instruments is essentially the same as that involved in extending irrevocable loan commitments to clients. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on our credit evaluation of the borrower and may include a charge over present and future assets of the borrower.

Documentary and commercial letters of credit

Documentary and commercial letters of credit are short-term instruments issued on behalf of a client, authorizing a third party, such as an exporter, to draw drafts on CIBC up to a specified amount, subject to specific terms and conditions. We are at risk for any drafts drawn that are not ultimately settled by the client; however, the amounts drawn are collateralized by the related goods.

Operating lease commitments⁽¹⁾

Future minimum lease payments and receipts for operating lease commitments for each of the five succeeding years and thereafter are as follows:


	Operating leases
$ millions, as at October 31, 2018	Payments		Receipts ⁽²⁾
2019	$	494	$	127
2020		472		127
2021		484		132
2022		435		133
2023		370		134
2024 and thereafter		3,505		1,239

(1)	Total rental expense (excluding servicing agreements) in respect of buildings and equipment was $494 million (2017: $476 million; 2016: $445 million).

(2)	Includes sub-lease income from a finance lease property, a portion of which is rented out and considered an investment property.

Finance lease commitments⁽¹⁾

Future minimum lease payments for finance lease commitments for each of the five succeeding years and thereafter are as follows:


$ millions, as at October 31, 2018
2019	$	52
2020		50
2021		48
2022		45
2023		42
2024 and thereafter		285
		522
Less: future interest charges		168
Present value of finance lease commitments	$	354

(1)	Total interest expense related to finance lease arrangements was $25 million (2017: $28 million; 2016: $30 million).

Other commitments

As an investor in merchant banking activities, we enter into commitments to fund external private equity funds. In connection with these activities, we had commitments to invest up to $194 million (2017: $143 million).

In addition, we act as underwriter for certain new issuances under which we alone or together with a syndicate of financial institutions purchase these new issuances for resale to investors. As at October 31, 2018, the related underwriting commitments were $176 million (2017: $424 million).

Guarantees and other indemnification agreements

Guarantees

A guarantee is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor failed to make payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument. Guarantees include standby and performance letters of credit as discussed above, and credit derivatives protection sold, as discussed in Note 12.

Other indemnification agreements

In the ordinary course of operations, we enter into contractual arrangements under which we may agree to indemnify the counterparty to such arrangement from any losses relating to a breach of representations and warranties, a failure to perform certain covenants, or for claims or losses arising from certain external events as outlined within the particular contract. This may include, for example, losses arising from changes in tax legislation, litigation, or claims relating to past performance. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and officers to indemnify those individuals, to the extent permitted by law, against any and all claims or losses (including any amounts paid in settlement of any such claims) incurred as a result of their service to CIBC. In most indemnities, maximum loss clauses are generally not provided for, and as a result, no defined limit of the maximum potential liability exists. Amounts are accrued when we have a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, when it is both probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to resolve the matter, and when a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. We believe that the likelihood of the conditions arising to trigger obligations under these contract arrangements is remote. Historically, any payments made in respect of these contracts have not been significant. Amounts related to these indemnifications, representations, and warranties reflected within the consolidated financial statements as at October 31, 2018 and 2017 are not significant.

Pledged assets

In the normal course of business, on-and off-balance sheet assets are pledged as collateral against liabilities. The following table summarizes asset pledging amounts and the activities to which they relate:


$ millions, as at October 31	2018		2017 ⁽¹⁾
Assets pledged in relation to:
Securities borrowing and lending	$	47,894	$	46,086
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements		31,058		27,568
Obligations related to securities sold short		13,782		13,707
Securitizations		22,893		23,292
Covered bonds		21,544		18,805
Derivatives		11,680		9,084
Foreign governments and central banks⁽²⁾		686		555
Clearing systems, payment systems, and depositories⁽²⁾		5,867		4,333
Other		675		1,488
	$	156,079	$	144,918

(1)	Certain information has been restated to conform to the presentation adopted in the current year.

(2)	Includes assets pledged in order to participate in clearing and payment systems and depositories, or to have access to central bank facilities in foreign jurisdictions.