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Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Cost (Reversal of Cost) [Abstract]  
Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Pension Plans    The following table presents the funded status of Grace’s pension plans:
(In millions)
March 31,
2020
 
December 31,
2019
Overfunded defined benefit pension plans
$
8.9

 
$
8.5

Underfunded defined benefit pension plans
(84.5
)
 
(85.2
)
Unfunded defined benefit pension plans
(430.3
)
 
(434.6
)
Total underfunded and unfunded defined benefit pension plans
(514.8
)
 
(519.8
)
Pension liabilities included in other current liabilities
(14.7
)
 
(14.8
)
Net funded status
$
(520.6
)
 
$
(526.1
)

Fully-funded plans include several advance-funded plans where the fair value of the plan assets exceeds the projected benefit obligation (“PBO”). Underfunded plans include a group of advance-funded plans that are underfunded on a PBO basis. Unfunded plans include several plans that are funded on a pay-as-you-go basis, and therefore, the entire PBO is unfunded.
The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit cost (income).
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2020
 
2019
(In millions)
U.S.
 
Non-U.S.
 
U.S.
 
Non-U.S.
Service cost
$
4.7

 
$
2.7

 
$
3.9

 
$
2.2

Interest cost
7.6

 
1.0

 
9.6

 
1.3

Expected return on plan assets
(12.0
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(12.0
)
 
(0.2
)
Amortization of prior service credit
(0.2
)
 
—

 
(0.2
)
 
—

Net periodic benefit cost (income)
$
0.1

 
$
3.4

 
$
1.3

 
$
3.3


Plan Contributions and Funding    Grace intends to satisfy its funding obligations under the U.S. qualified pension plans and to comply with all of the requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”). For ERISA purposes, funded status is calculated on a different basis than under U.S. GAAP.
Grace intends to fund non-U.S. pension plans based on applicable legal requirements and actuarial recommendations.
Defined Contribution Retirement Plans    Grace sponsors a defined contribution retirement plan for its employees in the United States. This plan is qualified under section 401(k) of the U.S. tax code. Currently, Grace contributes an amount equal to 100% of employee contributions, up to 6% of an individual employee’s salary or wages. Grace’s cost related to this benefit plan for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, was $3.3 million.
U.S. salaried employees and certain U.S. hourly employees hired on or after January 1, 2017, and employees in Germany hired on or after January 1, 2016, participate in enhanced defined contribution plans instead of defined benefit pension plans. For the U.S. plan, Grace contributes 4% of an individual employee’s
salary or wages. For the German plan, contributions vary based on the individual employee’s contributions and other factors. Grace’s cost related to these enhanced defined contribution plans established in the United States and Germany for the three months ended March 31, 2020, was $1.2 million compared with $0.8 million for the prior-year quarter.