10. Net Loss per Common Share

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss applicable to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Because there is a net loss attributable to common shareholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2018, the outstanding RSUs, warrants, and common stock options have been excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per common share because their effect would be anti-dilutive. Based on review of the applicable guidance, the 120,000 prefunded warrants that were issued in the September 20, 2018 registered direct offering with an exercise price of $0.01 are considered common stock equivalents and are included in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share. In other periods presented, the weighted-average shares used to calculate both basic and diluted loss per share are the same.

The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for the periods presented, as they would be anti-dilutive:

	For the three and nine months ended
	September 30,
	2017		2018
Preferred warrants outstanding (number of common stock equivalents)		17		17
Common warrants outstanding		280,058		4,814,927
RSUs outstanding		12,030		360
Common options outstanding		82,810		114,641
Total anti-dilutive common share equivalents		374,915		4,929,945