INCOME TAXES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

INCOME TAXES [Abstract]

INCOME TAXES

9. INCOME TAXES

Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The Company’s net deferred tax assets relate primarily to its net operating loss carryforwards, allowance for credit losses and stock-based compensation,

partially offset by property and equipment and intangible assets. The Company has recorded a full valuation allowance to offset the net deferred tax assets, as it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize future benefits associated with these net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had net deferred tax assets of $21.2 million and $19.9 million, respectively, against which a full valuation allowance has been recorded. The increase in the valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is $1.3 million and $1.4 million, respectively, resulting from additional net operating losses generated in the year. The deferred tax liabilities associated with the book versus tax basis difference of intangible assets are the result of an asset step-up pursuant to a June 2017 merger transaction (the “Merger”). Significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

	Dollars in Thousands
	2024		2023
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss and credit carryforwards	$	19,748	$	18,792
Allowance for credit losses		249		616
Stock-based compensation		2,659		2,182
Other		458		235
Gross deferred tax assets		23,114		21,825
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment		(233)		(201)
Intangible assets		(1,673)		(1,690)
Other		—		—
Gross deferred tax liabilities		(1,906)		(1,891)
Net deferred tax assets		21,208		19,934
Less valuation allowance		(21,208)		(19,934)
Net deferred liability	$	—	$	—

The Company’s provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 relates to income taxes in states and other jurisdictions and differs from the amounts determined by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to the loss before income taxes for the following reasons:

	Dollars in Thousands
	2024		2023
Benefit at federal rate	$	(901)	$	(1,229)
Increase (decrease) resulting from:
State income taxes—net of federal benefit		(175)		(173)
Miscellaneous permanent differences		44		39
Meals and entertainment		15		21
Federal and state credits		(204)		(72)
Rate difference		(53)		—
Other, net		—		48
Change in valuation allowance		1,274		1,366
Total income tax benefit	$	—	$	—

The income tax expense consists of the following for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

	Dollars in Thousands
	2024		2023
Federal:
Current	$	—	$	—
Deferred		—		—
Total Federal	$	—	$	—
State:
Current	$	—	$	—
Deferred		—		—
Total State	$	—	$	—
Foreign:
Current	$	—	$	—
Deferred		—		—
Total Foreign	$	—	$	—
Total Tax Provision	$	—	$	—

The Company had available gross federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $79 million, and state NOL carryforwards of $2.5 million as of December 31, 2024. Approximately $28 million of the federal NOLs will expire at various dates beginning in 2036 through 2037 if not utilized, while the remaining amount will have an indefinite life. After passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, federal loss NOL carryforwards arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 have an unlimited carryforward period; however, such losses can only offset 80% of taxable income in any one year. Included in the total NOLs for 2024 are $51 million of federal losses that fall under these rules. State NOLs expire on various dates. Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, and similar state regulations, contain provisions that may limit the NOL carryforwards available to be used to offset income in any given year upon the occurrence of certain events, including changes in the ownership interests of significant stockholders. In the event of a cumulative change in ownership in excess of 50% over a three-year period, the amount of the NOL carryforwards that the Company may utilize in any one year may be limited. The Company reduced its tax attributes (NOLs and tax credits) and generated a limitation on utilization of such attributes resulting from the Merger.

At December 31, 2024, and as a result of the limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, the Company had a total of unused federal tax net operating loss carryforwards with expiration dates as follows:

	Dollars in
	Thousands
	2024
2036	$	14,277
2037		13,641
Unlimited life		50,835
Total Federal	$	78,753

The Company has adopted guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes which clarified the accounting for income taxes by prescribing the minimum threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements as well as guidance on de-recognition, measurement, classification and disclosure of tax positions. There are no material uncertain tax positions that would require recognition in the financial statements. The Company is obligated to file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various U.S. states. Since the Company had losses in the past, all prior years that generated NOLs are open and subject to audit examination in relation to the NOL generated from those years. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the IRS completed an exam of the Company’s 2019 tax year, which resulted in a change to the NOL carryforward. Our evaluation of uncertain tax positions was performed for the tax years open to examination.