4. CONVERTIBLE NOTES

Convertible notes consist of the following:


	Dollars in Thousands
	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Convertible bridge notes	$	2,088	$	4,294
Convertible bridge notes discount and debt issuance costs		(2,054)		(1,111)
Convertible bridge notes premiums		—		647
Convertible promissory notes - Exchange Notes		—		630
Convertible promissory notes - Exchange notes debt issuance costs		—		(83)
Total convertible notes		34		4,377
Current portion of convertible notes		(34)		(4,377)
Convertible notes, net of current maturities	$	—	$	—

Convertible Bridge Notes.

On April 20, 2018, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “2018 Note Agreement”) with certain investors (the “April 2018 Investors”), pursuant to which the Company would issue up to approximately $3,296,703 in Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes along with warrants (the “Transaction”). The number of warrants is equal to the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the notes based on the conversion price at the time of issuance. Some of the warrants were issued with a one-year term and some with a five-year term. The 2018 Note Agreement includes customary representations, warranties and covenants by the Company and customary closing conditions.

The Transaction consists of a series of unregistered Senior Secured Convertible Notes (the “Bridge Notes”), bearing interest at a rate of 8% annually and an original issue discount of 9%. The Bridge Notes are convertible at a price of $7.50 per share, provided that if the notes are not repaid within 180 days of the note’s issuance date, the conversion price shall be adjusted to 80% of the lowest volume weighted average price during the prior 10 days, subject to a minimum conversion price of $4.50 per share.

The Transaction consisted of a number of drawdowns. The initial closing on April 20, 2018 provided the Company with proceeds of $1,660,000, net of an original issue discount of 9% and before debt issuance costs, for the issuance of notes with an aggregate principal of $1,824,176 (the “April 2018 Bridge Notes”). The Company completed three additional drawdowns for aggregate proceeds of $1.3 million, net of an original issue discount of 9% and before debt issuance costs, for the issuance of notes with an aggregate principal of $1.5 million, during the third quarter of 2018. Drawdowns included the following funding from the April 2018 Investors (i) $348,104 in July 2018 for Bridge Notes with an aggregate principal of $382,526, (ii) $495,955 in August 2018 for Bridge Notes with an aggregate principal of $545,005 and (iii) $495,941 in September 2018 for Bridge Notes with an aggregate principal of $544,990 (collectively, the “Q3 2018 Bridge Notes”).

The Bridge Notes are payable by the Company on the earlier of (i) the one year anniversary after each closing date or (ii) upon the closing of a qualified offering, namely the Company raising gross proceeds of at least $7,000,000 (the “Maturity Date”). At any time, provided that the Company gives 5 business days written notice, the Company has the right to redeem the outstanding principal amount of the Bridge Notes, including accrued but unpaid interest, all liquidated damages and all other amounts due under the Bridge Notes, for cash as follows: (i) an amount which is equal to the sum of 105% if the Company exercises its right to redeem the Bridge Notes within 90 days of the initial closing, (ii) 110% if the Company exercises its right to redeem the Bridge Notes within 180 days of the initial closing, or (iii) 115% if the Company exercises its right to redeem 180 days from the initial closing.

The terms of the 2018 Note Agreement also stipulate that upon written demand by one of the April 2018 Investors, for any of their draws throughout the year associated with the 2018 Note Agreement after a period of time as defined within the 2018 Note Agreement, the Company shall file a registration statement within thirty (30) days after written demand covering the resale of all or such portion of the conversion shares for an offering to be made on a continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415. The registration statement filed shall be on Form S‑3 or Form S‑1, at the option of the Company. If the Company does not file a registration statement in accordance with the terms of the 2018 Note Agreement, then on the business day following the applicable filing date and on each monthly anniversary of the business day following the applicable filing date (if no registration statement shall have been filed by the Company in accordance herewith by such date), the Company shall pay to the April 2018 Investors an amount in cash, as partial liquidated damages, equal to 1% per month (pro-rata for partial months) based upon the gross purchase price of the Bridge Notes (calculated on a daily basis) under the 2018 Note Agreement. As requested by certain April 2018 investors, conversion shares related to the April 2018 Note Agreement were included in a registration statement on Form S-3 that the Company filed with the SEC on February 6, 2019 and which became effective with the SEC on February 13, 2019.

The obligations under the Bridge Notes are secured, subject to certain exceptions and other permitted payments by a perfected security interest on the assets of the Company.

The 9% discount associated with the April 2018 Bridge Notes was approximately $164,000 and was recorded as a debt discount. The Company also incurred legal and advisory fees associated with the April 2018 Bridge Notes of approximately $164,000 and these were recorded as debt issuance costs. The 9% discount associated with the Q3 2018 Bridge Notes was approximately $133,000 and was recorded as a debt discount.

As part of the initial closing, the April 2018 Investors received 243,224 warrants to purchase shares of common stock of the Company (the “April 2018 Warrants”) that are exercisable at a 150% premium to the April 2018 Bridge Notes conversion price or $11.25. Half of such April 2018 Warrants had a five-year term and half had a one-year term. The Company reviewed the provisions of the April 2018 Warrants to determine the balance sheet classification of the April 2018 Warrants. The Company concluded that there is an obligation to repurchase the April 2018 Warrants by transferring assets and accordingly the warrants were classified as a liability. The April 2018 Warrants were valued using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with an initial value of approximately $1.1 million at the date of issuance and were recorded as a liability with an offset to debt discount. The April 2018 Investors received 196,334 warrants to purchase shares of common stock of the Company in connection with the Q3 Bridge Note issuances (the “Q3 2018 Warrants”) with an initial exercise price of $11.25. Half of such Q3 2018 Warrants had a five-year term and half had a one-year term. The terms of the Q3 2018 Warrants are the same as the April 2018 Warrants and, as such, were classified as liabilities. The Q3 2018 Warrants were valued using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with an initial value of approximately $0.7 million at the date of issuance and were recorded as a liability with an offset to debt discount. See Note 9 – Fair Value for further discussion.

On September 20, 2018, immediately after the final drawdown of the Bridge Notes, the Company entered into an agreement with the April 2018 Investors whereby the exercise price of all warrants issued to the April 2018 Investors in connection with both the 2018 Note Agreement and the Q3 Bridge Notes were amended from $11.25 to $7.50. The Company reviewed this repricing to determine the appropriate accounting treatment and concluded that the repricing would be treated as a modification of the warrant agreements. As the warrants related to the Bridge Notes are classified as liabilities, the change in fair value attributable to the repricing would be reflected in the subsequent measurement on the warrants. Management calculated the change in fair value due to repricing to be an expense of approximately $0.1 million which is included in warrant revaluation in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Pursuant to a letter agreement, dated as of April 20, 2018 (the “Letter Agreement”), the Company engaged a registered broker dealer as a financial advisor (the “Financial Advisor”). Pursuant to the Letter Agreement, the Company paid the Financial Advisor a fee of $116,000, approximately 7% of the proceeds from the sale of the April 2018 Bridge Notes. This is included in the debt issuance costs discussed above. Per the Letter Agreement, the Company also issued to the Financial Advisor 15,466 warrants to purchase shares of common stock of the Company with an exercise price of $11.25 (the “Advisor Warrants”) which were classified as a liability. See Note 9 –Fair Value for further discussion.

The April 2018 Bridge Notes and Q3 2018 Bridge Notes both contained beneficial conversion features valued at $1.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively, which were recorded as debt discounts with an offset to additional paid in capital at the note issuance dates.

The Company reviewed the redemption features of the Bridge Notes and determined that there is a redemption feature (the “Bridge Notes Redemption Feature”) that qualifies as an embedded derivative. For the April 2018 Bridge Notes, the Company determined the initial fair value of the derivative at the time of issuance to be approximately $0.1 million which was recorded as a debt discount with an offset to derivative liability. For the Q3 2018 Bridge Notes, the Company determined the initial fair value of the derivatives at the time of issuance to be approximately $0.1 million which was recorded as a debt discount with an offset to derivative liability. See Note 9 –Fair Value for further discussion.

As detailed above, debt discounts and debt issuance costs related to the April 2018 Bridge Notes totaled $2.7 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, since the costs exceeded the $1.8 million face amount of the debt, the Company recorded $1.8 million of debt discount and debt issuance costs as a reduction of the related debt with the excess $0.9 million expensed as a loss on issuance of convertible notes in the consolidated statements of operations. The total debt discounts and debt issuance costs related to the Q3 2018 Bridge Notes totaled $1.4 million, of which the Company recorded $1.3 million of debt discount and debt issuance costs as a reduction of the related debt with $0.1 million expensed as a loss on issuance of convertible notes in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The debt discount and debt issuance costs will be amortized to interest expense over the life of the respective April 2018 Bridge Notes and Q3 2018 Bridge Notes on a basis that approximates the effective interest method. Amortization of the discount was zero for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. Amortization of the discounts was $59,000 and $68,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and is included in interest expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

On April 16, 2019, the Company entered into an amendment and restatement agreement (“Amendment No.2 Agreement”) amending and restating the terms of the 2018 Note Agreement (as first amended pursuant to the amendment agreement in November 2018 (the Amendment Agreement”)). The Amendment No. 2 Agreement provided the Company with approximately $900,000 of gross proceeds for the issuance of notes with an aggregate principal of $989,011 (the “April 2019 Bridge Notes”) together with applicable warrants, with substantially the same terms and conditions as the previously issued Bridge Notes and related warrants. The 9% discount associated with the April 2019 Bridge Notes was approximately $89,000 and was recorded as a debt discount. In connection with the April 2019 Bridge Note issuances, the Company issued to the investors 147,472 warrants to purchase shares of common stock of the Company with a five year term and exercise price of $5.40 (the “April 2019 Warrants”). The April 2019 Warrants had an initial value of approximately $1.0 million at the date of issuance and were recorded as a liability with an offset to debt discount. See Note 9 – Fair Value for further discussion. The April 2019 Bridge Notes were issued to investors that previously participated in the 2018 Note Agreement.

The conversion price of the April 2019 Bridge Notes shall be equal to the greater of $3.75 or $0.75 above the closing bid price of our common stock on the date prior to the original issue date. In the event the notes are not paid in full prior to 180 days after the original issue date, the conversion price shall be equal to 80% of the lowest volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) in the 10 trading days prior to the date of the notice of conversion, but in no event below the floor price of $2.25.

The Company reviewed the conversion option of the April 2019 Bridge Notes and determined that there was a beneficial conversion feature with a value of approximately $0.9 million which was recorded as a debt discount with an offset to additional paid in capital. The April 2019 Bridge Notes also contain the Bridge Notes Redemption Feature and the Company performed a valuation at the time of issuance which resulted in zero value, at that time, due to the high value of the conversion feature and a limited upside from the redemption premium.

Debt discounts and debt issuance costs related to the April 2019 Bridge Notes totaled $2.0 million. Since the costs exceeded the $1.0 million face amount of the debt at issuance, the Company recorded $1.0 million of debt discount and debt issuance costs as a reduction of the related debt in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet with the excess $1.0 million expensed as a loss on issuance of convertible notes in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Pursuant to the Amendment No.2 Agreement, previously issued warrants were amended such that the exercise price of such warrants was amended from $7.50 to $5.40 and any warrant that had a one-year term was amended to have a five-year term. The Company reviewed the amendments to the warrants and determined that they will be treated as a modification of an outstanding equity instrument at the time of the Amendment No.2 Agreement. Management calculated the change in fair value due to the modifications to be an expense of approximately $1.1 million which is included in loss on modification of warrants in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

On May 14, 2019, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement pursuant to which, the Company was provided with $1,000,000 of gross proceeds for the issuance of notes with an aggregate principal of $1,098,901 (the “May 2019 Bridge Notes”) together with applicable warrants, with substantially the same terms and conditions as the previously issued Bridge Notes and related warrants. The 9% discount associated with the May 2019 Bridge Notes was approximately $99,000 and was recorded as a debt discount. In connection with the May 2019 Bridge Note issuances, the Company issued to the investors 154,343 warrants to purchase shares of common stock of the Company with a five year term and exercise price of $9.56 (the “May 2019 Warrants”). The May 2019 Warrants had an initial value of approximately $0.9 million at the date of issuance and were recorded as a liability with an offset to debt discount. See Note 9 – Fair Value for further discussion. The May 2019 Bridge Notes were issued to investors that previously participated in the 2018 Note Agreement.

The conversion price of the May 2019 Bridge Notes is $7.12, provided that a) in the event the notes are not paid in full prior to 180 days after the original issue date or b) upon a registration statement (as defined in the purchase agreement) being declared effective, whichever occurs earlier, the conversion price shall be equal to 80% of the lowest VWAP in the 10 trading days prior to the date of the notice of conversion, but in no event below the floor price of $2.25.

The Company reviewed the conversion option of the May 2019 Bridge Notes and determined that there was a beneficial conversion feature with a value of approximately $0.9 million which was recorded as a debt discount with an offset to additional paid in capital. The May 2019 Bridge Notes also contain the Bridge Notes Redemption Feature and the Company performed a valuation at the time of issuance which resulted in zero value, at that time, due to the high value of the conversion feature and a limited upside from the redemption premium.

Debt discounts and debt issuance costs related to the May 2019 Bridge Notes totaled $2.0 million. Since the costs exceeded the $1.1 million face amount of the debt, the Company recorded $1.1 million of debt discount and debt issuance costs as a reduction of the related debt in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet with the excess $0.9 million expensed as a loss on issuance of convertible notes in the condensed consolidated statements of operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Since the issuance of all the 2018 and 2019 Bridge Notes, $4.5 million of the total $6.6 million of convertible bridge notes, plus interest, have been converted into a total of 1,922,100 shares of common stock of the Company. This included the conversion of approximately $0.1 million and $4.3 million of Bridge Notes, plus interest, converted into 52,748 and 1,828,766 shares of common stock of the Company during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

As a result of the bridge note conversions, the Company wrote off approximately $0.5 million of derivative liability, with an offset to additional paid-in capital, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the change in Bridge Note debt discounts and debt premiums was as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018
		Debt Discounts		Debt Premiums		Debt Discounts		Debt Premiums
Beginning balance at July 1	$	(2,158)	$	—	$	(1,815)	$	—
Additions:		—		—		(1,337)		—
Deductions:
Amortization (accretion) (1)		41		—		59		—
Write-off related to note conversions (2)		63		—		—		—
Balance at September 30	$	(2,054)	$	—	$	(3,093)	$	—


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018
		Debt Discounts		Debt Premiums		Debt Discounts		Debt Premiums
Beginning balance at January 1	$	(1,111)	$	647	$	—	$	—
Additions:		(2,086)		—		(3,161)		—
Deductions:
Amortization (accretion) (1)		154		(167)		68		—
Write-off related to note conversions (2)		989		(480)		—		—
Balance at September 30	$	(2,054)	$	—	$	(3,093)	$	—

(1)

Amortization/accretion is recognized as interest expense/income within the condensed consolidated statements of operations based on the effective interest method.

(2)

Write-offs associated with note conversions are recognized as an offset to additional paid-in capital at the time of the conversion.

The remaining debt discounts of $2.1 million, as of September 30, 2019, are expected to be fully amortized by the end of the second quarter of 2020.

Convertible Promissory Notes – Exchange Notes.

In 2017, the Company entered into Debt Settlement Agreements (the “Settlement Agreements”) with certain of its accounts payable and accrued liability vendors (the “Creditors”) pursuant to which the Creditors, who were owed $6.3 million (the “Debt Obligations”) by the Company, agreed to reduce and exchange the Debt Obligations for a secured obligation in the amount of $3.2 million, $1.9 million in shares of the Company’s common stock and 7,207 warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock (“Creditor Warrants”).

During 2018, the Company entered into Exchange Agreements (the “Exchange Agreements”) with three institutional investors (the “Holders”) pursuant to which the Company issued or shall issue convertible promissory notes, due January 1, 2021 (the “Exchange Notes”) in exchange (the “Exchange”) for amounts owed to the Holders pursuant to certain debt settlement agreements, dated October 31, 2017. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, $2.1 million of Secured Debt Obligations were exchanged for $1.8 million of Exchange Notes (the “Exchange Notes”). Pursuant to the terms of the Exchange Notes, the Company shall pay to the Holders the aggregate principal amount of the Exchange Notes in eighteen equal installments beginning on August 1, 2019 and ending on January 1, 2021.

The Company reviewed the Conversion Option and concluded that it meets the criteria for derivative accounting and requires bifurcation and separate accounting as a derivative. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company determined the initial fair value of the derivative at the time of issuance to be approximately $0.2 million which was recorded as a debt discount with an offset to derivative liability. See Note 9 –Fair Value for further discussion.

The Company reviewed the Company Put Option and concluded that it meets the criteria for derivative accounting and requires bifurcation and separate accounting as a derivative. The Company determined the initial fair value of the derivative at the time of issuance to be immaterial.

Since the issuance of the Exchange Notes, the Holders have converted all $2.8 million into a total of 446,913 shares of common stock of the Company. This included the conversion of zero and $0.6 million of Exchange Notes converted into zero and 155,351 shares of common stock of the Company during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the outstanding balance of the Exchange Notes, net of discounts, was zero and $0.6 million, respectively, and was presented within convertible notes in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, there was no change in Exchange Note debt discounts. During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the change in Exchange Note debt discounts was as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)
	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Beginning balance at July 1	$	—
Additions:		(241)
Deductions:
Amortization (1)		—
Write-off related to note conversions (2)		—
Balance at September 30	$	(241)


(Dollars in thousands)	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2019		2018
Beginning balance at January 1	$	(83)	$	—
Additions:		—		(241)
Deductions:
Amortization (1)		2		—
Write-off related to note conversions (2)		81		—
Balance at September 30	$	—	$	(241)

(1)

Amortization is recognized as interest expense within the condensed consolidated statements of operations based on the effective interest method.

(2)

Write-offs associated with note conversions are recognized as an offset to additional paid-in capital at the time of the conversion.

As a result of Exchange Note conversions, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company wrote off approximately $0.1 million of derivative liability with an offset to additional paid-in capital. There were no derivate liability write offs during the three months ended September 30, 2019 or during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Convertible Promissory Notes – Crede Note.

On January 15, 2019, the Company and Crede Capital Group LLC (“Crede”) entered into an amendment and restatement agreement (the “Crede Amendment Agreement”) in order to enable the Company to provide Crede with an alternative means of payment of a previous settlement amount, See Note 5 – Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities, by issuing to Crede a convertible note in the amount of $1.45 million (the “Crede Note”). The conversion price of the Crede Note shall equal 90% of the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on the date prior to each conversion date. The Crede Note is payable by the Company on the earlier of (i) January 15, 2021 or (ii) upon the closing of a qualified offering in which the Company receives gross proceeds of at least $4.0 million. The Crede Note may not be converted if, after giving effect to the conversion, Crede together with its affiliates would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company, at its option, may redeem some or all of the then outstanding principal amount of the Crede Note for cash.

In accordance with the terms of the Crede Amendment Agreement, during the period commencing on the date of issuance of the Crede Note and ending on the date Crede no longer beneficially owns any portion of the Crede Note, Crede shall not sell, on any given trading day, more than the greater of (i) $10,000 of common stock (subject to adjustment for any stock splits or combinations, stock dividends, recapitalizations or similar event after the date hereof) and (ii) 10% of the daily average composite trading volume of the Company’s common stock as reported by Bloomberg, LP (subject to adjustment for any stock splits or combinations, stock dividends, recapitalizations or similar event after the date hereof) for such trading day.

On April 16, 2019, the entire outstanding amount of $1.45 million was converted into 270,699 shares of common stock of the Company and as of September 30, 2019 the remaining amount due on the Crede Note was zero.

Convertible Promissory Notes – Leviston Note

On February 8, 2018, the Company entered into an equity purchase agreement (the “2018 Purchase Agreement”) with Leviston Resources LLC (“Leviston”), see Note 8 – Stockholders Equity for details of the 2018 Purchase Agreement. On January 29, 2019, the Company entered into a settlement agreement (the “Leviston Settlement”) with Leviston pursuant to which the Company issued to Leviston a convertible note in the amount of $0.7 million (the “Leviston Note”) in full satisfaction of certain obligations to Leviston. The Leviston Note is payable by the Company (i) in fourteen equal monthly installments commencing on the earlier to occur of (x) the last day of the month upon which a registration statement to be filed by the Company covering the resale of the shares of common stock underlying the Leviston Note is declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission and (y) the six month anniversary of the date of issuance, (ii) upon the closing of a qualified offering, namely the Company raising gross proceeds of at least $4.0 million or (iii) such earlier date as the Leviston Note is required or permitted to be repaid pursuant to its terms. The Company, at its option, may redeem some or the entire then outstanding principal amount of the Leviston Note for cash.

The conversion price in effect on any conversion date shall equal the VWAP of the common stock on such Conversion Date. The Leviston Note may not be converted if, after giving effect to the conversion, Leviston together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock.

In accordance with the terms of the Leviston Settlement, during the period commencing on the issuance date of the Leviston Note and ending on the date Leviston no longer beneficially owns any shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Leviston Note, Leviston shall not sell, on any given trading day, more than the greater of (i) $10,000 of common stock (subject to adjustment for any stock splits or combinations, stock dividends, recapitalizations or similar event after the date hereof) and (ii) 10% of the daily average composite trading volume of the Company’s common stock as reported by Bloomberg, LP (subject to adjustment for any stock splits or combinations, stock dividends, recapitalizations or similar event after the date hereof) for such trading day.

In addition to the Leviston Settlement and the Leviston Note, the Company and Leviston have each executed a release pursuant to which each of the Company and Leviston agreed to release the other party from their respective obligations arising from or concerning the Obligations.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company made cash payments of zero and less than $0.1 million, respectively, on the Leviston Note. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, zero and $0.7 million of the Leviston note was converted into zero and 184,357 shares of common stock of the Company, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, the remaining amount due on the Leviston Note was zero. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had recorded liabilities related to Leviston of $0.5 million and $0.2 million which were included in other current liabilities and accrued expenses, respectively, in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.