10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

______________________________________

FORM 10-Q

______________________________________

(Mark One)

☒    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

OR

☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number: 1-13395

______________________________________

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

______________________________________

Delaware	56-2010790
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4401 Colwick Road		28211
Charlotte,	North Carolina
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(704) 566-2400

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

______________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	SAH	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of April 23, 2024, there were 21,861,771 shares of the registrant’s Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 12,029,375 shares of the registrant’s Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

UNCERTAINTY OF FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INFORMATION

This report contains, and written or oral statements made from time to time by us or by our authorized officers may contain, “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements address our future objectives, plans and goals, as well as our intent, beliefs and current expectations regarding future operating performance, results and events, and can generally be identified by words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “believe,” “expect,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “foresee” and other similar words or phrases.

These forward-looking statements are based on our current estimates and assumptions and involve various risks and uncertainties. As a result, you are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and that actual results could differ materially from those projected in these forward-looking statements. Factors which may cause actual results to differ materially from our projections include those risks described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and elsewhere in this report, as well as:

•the number of new and used vehicles sold in the United States as compared to our expectations and the expectations of the market;

•our ability to generate sufficient cash flows or to obtain additional financing to fund our business expansion, capital expenditures, our share repurchase program, dividends on our common stock, acquisitions and general operating activities;

•our business and growth strategies, including, but not limited to, our EchoPark store operations;

•the reputation and financial condition of vehicle manufacturers whose brands we represent, the financial incentives vehicle manufacturers offer and their ability to design, manufacture, deliver and market their vehicles successfully;

•our relationships with vehicle manufacturers, which may affect our ability to obtain desirable new vehicle models in inventory or to complete additional acquisitions or dispositions;

•the adverse resolution of one or more significant legal proceedings against us or our subsidiaries;

•changes in laws and regulations governing the operation of automobile franchises, accounting standards, taxation requirements and environmental laws;

•changes in vehicle and parts import quotas, duties, tariffs or other restrictions, including supply shortages that could be caused by global political and economic factors or other supply chain disruptions;

•the inability of vehicle manufacturers and their suppliers to obtain, produce and deliver vehicles or parts and accessories to meet demand at our franchised dealerships for sale and use in our parts, service and collision repair operations;

•general economic conditions in the markets in which we operate, including fluctuations in interest rates, inflation, vehicle valuations, employment levels, the level of consumer spending and consumer credit availability;

•high levels of competition in the retail automotive industry, which not only create pricing pressures on the products and services we offer, but also on businesses we may seek to acquire;

•our ability to successfully integrate recent or future acquisitions;

•the significant control that our principal stockholders exercise over us and our business matters; and

•the rate and timing of overall economic expansion or contraction.

These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report or when made, and we undertake no obligation to revise or update these statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances, except as required under the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION		1
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Operations	2
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	5
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	57
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	58
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION		59
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	59
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	60
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	61
Item 5.	Other Information	62
Item 6.	Exhibits	63
SIGNATURES		64

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)
Revenues:
Retail new vehicles	$	1,455.8	$	1,442.8
Fleet new vehicles	19.6		18.8
Total new vehicles	1,475.4		1,461.6
Used vehicles	1,215.6		1,344.9
Wholesale vehicles	77.3		85.6
Total vehicles	2,768.3		2,892.1
Parts, service and collision repair	446.7		430.5
Finance, insurance and other, net	169.0		168.6
Total revenues	3,384.0		3,491.2
Cost of sales:
Retail new vehicles	(1,359.4)		(1,304.7)
Fleet new vehicles	(18.9)		(17.9)
Total new vehicles	(1,378.3)		(1,322.6)
Used vehicles	(1,168.6)		(1,314.9)
Wholesale vehicles	(78.1)		(82.6)
Total vehicles	(2,625.0)		(2,720.1)
Parts, service and collision repair	(222.8)		(217.6)
Total cost of sales	(2,847.8)		(2,937.7)
Gross profit	536.2		553.5
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(392.2)		(412.8)
Impairment charges	(1.0)		—
Depreciation and amortization	(36.3)		(34.3)
Operating income	106.7		106.4
Other income (expense):
Interest expense, floor plan	(20.3)		(14.6)
Interest expense, other, net	(29.0)		(28.4)
Other income (expense), net	0.1		0.2
Total other income (expense)	(49.2)		(42.8)
Income before taxes	57.5		63.6
Provision for income taxes - benefit (expense)	(15.5)		(15.9)
Net income	$	42.0	$	47.7
Basic earnings per common share:
Earnings per common share	$	1.24	$	1.33
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	34.0		35.9
Diluted earnings per common share:
Earnings per common share	$	1.20	$	1.29
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	34.9		36.9

    

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Net income	$	42.0	$	47.7
Other comprehensive income (loss) before taxes:
Change in fair value and amortization of interest rate cap agreements	0.7		(0.1)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) before taxes	0.7		(0.1)
Provision for income tax benefit (expense) related to components of other comprehensive income (loss)	(0.2)		—
Other comprehensive income (loss)	0.5		(0.1)
Comprehensive income	$	42.5	$	47.6

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15.1	$	28.9
Receivables, net	420.6		528.1
Inventories	1,700.5		1,578.3
Other current assets	374.8		385.1
Total current assets	2,511.0		2,520.4
Property and Equipment, net	1,598.8		1,601.0
Goodwill	253.8		253.8
Other Intangible Assets, net	417.4		417.4
Operating Right-of-Use Lease Assets	207.1		222.6
Finance Right-of-Use Lease Assets	306.5		236.6
Other Assets	113.0		112.8
Total Assets	$	5,407.6	$	5,364.6
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Notes payable - floor plan - trade	$	144.4	$	152.1
Notes payable - floor plan - non-trade	1,516.7		1,520.6
Trade accounts payable	143.9		149.8
Operating short-term lease liabilities	27.6		29.9
Finance short-term lease liabilities	10.7		10.2
Other accrued liabilities	388.4		370.2
Current maturities of long-term debt	68.0		60.1
Total current liabilities	2,299.7		2,292.9
Long-Term Debt	1,583.4		1,616.5
Other Long-Term Liabilities	88.9		89.6
Operating Long-Term Lease Liabilities	204.0		219.2
Finance Long-Term Lease Liabilities	327.2		254.5
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders’ Equity:
Class A Convertible Preferred Stock, none issued	—		—
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 69,047,806 shares issued and 21,861,407 shares outstanding at March 31, 2024; 68,618,393 shares issued and 21,931,785 shares outstanding at December 31, 2023	0.7		0.7
Class B Common Stock, $0.01 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized; 12,029,375 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	0.1		0.1
Paid-in capital	862.6		855.4
Retained earnings	1,270.4		1,238.6
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	2.1		1.6
Treasury stock, at cost; 47,186,399 Class A Common Stock shares held at March 31, 2024 and 46,686,608 Class A Common Stock shares held at December 31, 2023	(1,231.5)		(1,204.5)
Total Stockholders’ Equity	904.4		891.9
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$	5,407.6	$	5,364.6

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

	Class A Common Stock			Class A Treasury Stock			Class B Common Stock			Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
	(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)
Balance at December 31, 2022	67.6	$	0.7	(43.4)	$	(1,026.9)	12.0	$	0.1	$	819.4	$	1,100.3	$	1.6	$	895.2
Shares awarded under stock compensation plans	0.7	—		—	—		—	—		7.6		—		—		7.6
Purchases of treasury stock	—	—		(1.6)	(90.7)		—	—		—		—		—		(90.7)
Effect of cash flow hedge instruments, net of tax benefit	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(0.1)		(0.1)
Stock compensation expense	—	—		—	—		—	—		5.0		—		—		5.0
Net income	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		47.7		—		47.7
Class A dividends declared ($0.28 per share)	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(6.5)		—		(6.5)
Class B dividends declared ($0.28 per share)	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(3.4)		—		(3.4)
Balance at March 31, 2023	68.3	$	0.7	(45.0)	$	(1,117.6)	12.0	$	0.1	$	832.0	$	1,138.1	$	1.5	$	854.8

	Class A Common Stock			Class A Treasury Stock			Class B Common Stock			Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
	(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)
Balance at December 31, 2023	68.6	$	0.7	(46.7)	$	(1,204.5)	12.0	$	0.1	$	855.4	$	1,238.6	$	1.6	$	891.9
Shares awarded under stock compensation plans	0.4	—		—	—		—	—		0.6		—		—		0.6
Purchases of treasury stock	—	—		(0.5)	(27.0)		—	—		—		—		—		(27.0)
Effect of cash flow hedge instruments, net of tax expense of $0.2	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		0.5		0.5
Stock compensation expense	—	—		—	—		—	—		6.6		—		—		6.6
Net income	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		42.0		—		42.0
Class A dividends declared ($0.30 per share)	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(6.6)		—		(6.6)
Class B dividends declared ($0.30 per share)	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(3.6)		—		(3.6)
Balance at March 31, 2024	69.0	$	0.7	(47.2)	$	(1,231.5)	12.0	$	0.1	$	862.6	$	1,270.4	$	2.1	$	904.4

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(Dollars in millions)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	42.0	$	47.7
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	31.5		30.0
Debt issuance cost amortization	1.6		1.6
Stock-based compensation expense	6.6		5.0
Deferred income taxes	(3.7)		(3.3)
Asset impairment charges	1.0		—
Gain on disposal of dealerships and property and equipment	1.5		0.1
Other	1.0		0.6
Changes in assets and liabilities that relate to operations:
Receivables	107.3		87.5
Inventories	(122.2)		(234.6)
Other assets	6.1		4.2
Notes payable - floor plan – trade	(7.7)		4.2
Trade accounts payable and other liabilities	5.1		23.0
Total adjustments	28.1		(81.7)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	70.1		(34.0)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of businesses, net of cash acquired	—		(75.1)
Purchases of land, property and equipment	(43.8)		(37.2)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment	4.4		4.8
Net cash used in investing activities	(39.4)		(107.5)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net borrowings on notes payable - floor plan - non-trade	21.1		188.8
Borrowings on revolving credit facilities	15.6		—
Repayments on revolving credit facilities	(15.6)		—
Debt issuance costs	(4.9)		(1.3)
Principal payments of long-term debt	(22.0)		(19.5)
Principal payments of long-term lease liabilities	(2.1)		(2.2)
Purchases of treasury stock	(27.0)		(90.7)
Issuance of shares under stock compensation plans	0.6		7.6
Dividends paid	(10.2)		(10.2)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(44.5)		72.5
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(13.8)		(69.0)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR	28.9		229.2
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD	$	15.1	$	160.2
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid (received) during the period for:
Interest, including amounts capitalized	$	34.3	$	26.5
Income taxes	$	(0.2)	$	(0.4)

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation – The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Sonic Automotive, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to herein as “Sonic,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (the “U.S.”) (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all material normal, recurring adjustments necessary to fairly state the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Please refer to Note 1, “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to the consolidated financial statements in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for further discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” The amendments require the disclosure of significant segment expenses as well as expanded interim disclosures, along with other changes to segment disclosure requirements. The standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of the provisions of the ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation – All of our dealership and non-dealership subsidiaries are wholly owned and consolidated in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, except for one 50%-owned dealership that is accounted for under the equity method. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Certain amounts and percentages may not compute due to rounding.

Revenue Recognition – Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services and in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We do not include the cost of obtaining contracts within the related revenue streams since we elected the practical expedient to expense the costs to obtain a contract when incurred.

Management has evaluated our established business processes, revenue transaction streams and accounting policies, and identified our material revenue streams to be: (1) the sale of new vehicles; (2) the sale of used vehicles to retail customers; (3) the sale of wholesale used vehicles at third-party auctions; (4) the arrangement of third-party vehicle financing and the sale of third-party service, warranty and other insurance contracts; and (5) the performance of vehicle maintenance and repair services and the sale of related parts and accessories. The transaction price for a retail vehicle sale is specified in the contract with the customer and encompasses both cash and non-cash considerations. In the context of a retail vehicle sale, customers frequently trade in their existing vehicles. The value of this trade-in is determined based on its stand-alone selling price as specified in the contract, utilizing various third-party pricing sources. There are no other non-cash forms of consideration associated with retail vehicle sales, and sales are reported net of sales tax and other similar assets. Generally, performance obligations are satisfied when the associated vehicle is delivered to a customer and customer acceptance has occurred, over time as the maintenance and repair services are performed, or at the time of wholesale and retail parts sales. We do not have any revenue streams with significant financing components, as payments are typically received within a short period of time following completion of the performance obligation(s).

Retrospective finance and insurance revenues (“F&I retro revenues”) are recognized when the product contract has been executed with the end customer and the transaction price is estimated each reporting period based on the expected value method using historical and projected data. F&I retro revenues can vary based on a variety of factors, including number of contracts and history of cancellations and claims. Accordingly, we utilize this historical and projected data to constrain the consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.

6

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

We record revenue when vehicles are delivered to customers, as vehicle service work is performed and when parts are delivered. Conditions for completing a sale include having an agreement with the customer, including pricing, and it being probable that the proceeds from the sale will be collected.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 include approximately $3.7 million and $31.8 million, respectively, related to contract assets from F&I retro revenues recognition, which are recorded in receivables, net. In addition, we recorded approximately $19.8 million related to contract assets from F&I retro revenues recognition in other assets as of March 31, 2024. Changes in contract assets from December 31, 2023 to March 31, 2024 were primarily due to ordinary business activity, including the receipt of cash for amounts earned and recognized in prior periods. Please refer to Note 1, “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to the consolidated financial statements in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for further discussion of our revenue recognition policies and processes.

Earnings Per Share – The calculation of diluted earnings per share considers the potential dilutive effect of outstanding restricted stock units, restricted stock and stock options granted under Sonic’s stock compensation plans (and any non-forfeitable dividends paid on such awards).

2. Business Acquisitions and Dispositions

We did not acquire any businesses during the three months ended March 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we acquired one business (consisting of five locations) in our Powersports Segment (as defined below) for an aggregate gross purchase price (including inventory acquired and subsequently funded by floor plan notes payable) of approximately $75.1 million. The allocation of the approximately $75.1 million aggregate gross purchase price included inventory of approximately $11.1 million, property and equipment of approximately $0.7 million, franchise assets of approximately $22.6 million, goodwill of approximately $11.9 million, real estate of approximately $29.0 million, other assets of approximately $0.1 million, and other liabilities of approximately $0.3 million.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we terminated two luxury franchises, in addition to closing the remaining seven Northwest Motorsport stores within the EchoPark Segment (as defined below). We did not dispose of any businesses during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Revenues and other activities associated with disposed stores, terminated franchises or closed stores that remain in continuing operations were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Income (loss) from operations	$	(4.9)	$	(13.5)
Gain (loss) on disposal, termination and closure charges	(1.7)		—
Lease exit accrual adjustments and charges	2.4		(1.7)
Pre-tax income (loss)	(4.2)		(15.2)
Total Revenues	$	13.2	$	203.2

3. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
New vehicles	$	938.5	$	799.6
Used vehicles	481.5		505.7
Service loaners (1)	177.8		172.7
Parts, accessories and other	102.7		100.3
Inventories	$	1,700.5	$	1,578.3

(1)Service loaner inventory includes approximately $31.6 million and $22.7 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, related to vehicles that are leased directly from the manufacturer on a short-term basis. A corresponding liability is included within notes payable - floor plan - trade on the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

7

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

4. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net consists of the following:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Land	$	491.9	$	493.0
Buildings and improvements	1,426.3		1,425.8
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	550.5		563.3
Construction in progress	83.5		61.4
Total, at cost	2,552.2		2,543.5
Less accumulated depreciation	(929.2)		(927.8)
Subtotal	1,623.0		1,615.7
Less assets held for sale (1)	(24.2)		(14.7)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,598.8	$	1,601.0

(1)Classified in other current assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Capital expenditures were approximately $43.8 million and $37.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Capital expenditures in all periods were primarily related to construction of new franchised dealerships and EchoPark and powersports stores, building improvements and equipment purchased for use in our franchised dealerships and EchoPark and powersports stores. Certain capital expenditures are recognized in the Franchised Dealerships Segment to better monitor project development costs prior to transferring the capitalized asset balance to the appropriate entity or operating segment upon project completion. Assets held for sale as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of real property not currently used in operations that we expect to dispose of in the next 12 months.

Fixed asset impairment charges for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were approximately $1.0 million, which related to capitalized IT project write-off costs associated with our decision to close the remaining Northwest Motorsport stores in January 2024. There were no fixed asset impairment charges for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the three months ended March 31, 2024 were as follows:

	Franchised Dealerships Segment		EchoPark Segment		Powersports Segment		Total
	(In millions)
Balance at December 31, 2022 (1)	$	221.8	$	—	$	9.2	$	231.0
Additions through current year acquisitions	—		—		11.9		11.9
Reductions from dispositions	(1.8)		—		—		(1.8)
Prior year acquisition allocations	9.8		—		2.9		12.7
Balance at December 31, 2023 (1)	$	229.8	$	—	$	24.0	$	253.8
Additions through current year acquisitions	—		—		—		—
Reductions from dispositions	—		—		—		—
Reductions from impairment	—		—		—		—
Prior year acquisition allocations	—		—		—		—
Balance at March 31, 2024 (1)	$	229.8	$	—	$	24.0	$	253.8

(1)Net of accumulated impairment losses of $1.1 billion and $202.9 million related to the Franchised Dealerships Segment and the EchoPark Segment, respectively.

8

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The changes in the carrying amount of franchise assets for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the three months ended March 31, 2024 were as follows:

	Franchised Dealerships Segment		EchoPark Segment		Powersports Segment		Total
	(In millions)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	371.7	$	1.9	$	23.1	$	396.7
Additions through current year acquisitions	—		—		22.6		22.6
Reductions from dispositions	—		(1.9)		—		(1.9)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	371.7	$	—	$	45.7	$	417.4
Additions through current year acquisitions	—		—		—		—
Reductions from dispositions	—		—		—		—
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	371.7	$	—	$	45.7	$	417.4

6. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Revolving Credit Facility (1)	$	—	$	—
4.625% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “4.625% Notes”)	650.0		650.0
4.875% Senior Notes due 2031 (the “4.875% Notes”)	500.0		500.0
Mortgage Facility (2)	307.0		311.0
Mortgage notes to finance companies - fixed rate, bearing interest from 2.05% to 7.03%	152.8		163.0
Mortgage notes to finance companies - variable rate, bearing interest at 1.50% to 2.90% above one-month or three-month SOFR	67.9		75.6
Subtotal	$	1,677.7	$	1,699.6
Debt issuance costs	(26.3)		(23.0)
Total debt	1,651.4		1,676.6
Less current maturities	(68.0)		(60.1)
Long-term debt	$	1,583.4	$	1,616.5

(1)The interest rate on the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below) was 125 basis points above one-month Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Facilities) at March 31, 2024 and 125 basis points above one-month Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Facilities) at December 31, 2023.

(2)The interest rate on the Mortgage Facility (as defined below) was 150 basis points above one-month Adjusted Term SOFR at March 31, 2024 and 150 basis points above one-month Term SOFR at December 31, 2023.

9

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Credit Facilities

On April 14, 2021, we amended and restated our syndicated revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) and our syndicated new and used vehicle floor plan credit facilities (the “Floor Plan Facilities” and, together with the Revolving Credit Facility, the “Credit Facilities”). The amendment and restatement of the Credit Facilities extended the scheduled maturity dates to April 14, 2025. On October 8, 2021, we amended the Credit Facilities to, among other things: (1) increase the aggregate commitments; and (2) permit the issuance of the 4.625% Notes and the 4.875% Notes. On October 7, 2022, we amended the Credit Facilities to, among other things: (i) replace the Credit Facilities’ London InterBank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”)-based Eurodollar reference interest rate option with Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Facilities, inclusive of a 10-basis point credit spread adjustment); (ii) amend the provisions relating to the basis for inclusion of real property owned by the Company or certain of its subsidiaries in the borrowing base for the Revolving Credit Facility; (iii) amend the minimum amount of commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility and the proportion that such commitments may compose of the total Credit Facility commitments made by the lenders; and (iv) adjust aspects of the offset account used for voluntary reductions to interest under the Floor Plan Facilities.

On March 13, 2024, we amended the Credit Facilities (the “Sixth Credit Facility Amendment”) to extend the maturity date to March 13, 2029, with a permitted one-year extension option thereafter, and reduce the aggregate commitments to $2.4 billion. The commitment under the new vehicle revolving floor plan facility was increased to $1.35 billion, the commitment under the used vehicle revolving floor plan facility was reduced to $700.0 million and the commitment under the revolving credit facility remained at $350.0 million. The Sixth Credit Facility Amendment also includes an accordion feature in which the aggregate commitments may be increased at the Company’s option up to $450.0 million allocated between the three facilities on a pro rata basis. The Sixth Credit Facility Amendment also contains the provision indicating that the Revolving Credit Facility commitments cannot be reduced below $50.0 million and may not consist of more than 40% of total commitments.

In addition, the Sixth Credit Facility Amendment (i) increased the basket for quarterly dividends from $0.12 to $0.18 per share of qualified capital stock; (ii) provided additional flexibility for the Company to make asset sales and repurchases of its qualified capital stock; (iii) removed the covenant requiring the Company to maintain a specified consolidated liquidity ratio; and (iv) amended the definition of “Adjusted Term SOFR” to clarify that it is inclusive of a 10-basis point credit spread adjustment. Amounts outstanding under the Credit Facilities bear interest at rates based upon specified credit spreads above Adjusted Term SOFR.

Availability under the Revolving Credit Facility is calculated as the lesser of the current $350.0 million commitment or a borrowing base (the “Revolving Borrowing Base”) collateralized by certain eligible assets, less any outstanding letters of credit and borrowings. As of March 31, 2024, the Revolving Borrowing Base was $350.0 million and we had $11.5 million in outstanding letters of credit and no borrowings, resulting in $338.5 million of availability under the Revolving Credit Facility.

Our obligations under the Credit Facilities are guaranteed by the Company and certain subsidiaries and are secured by a pledge of substantially all of the assets of the guarantors. We have agreed under the Credit Facilities not to pledge any assets to any third parties (other than those explicitly allowed to be pledged by the amended terms of the Credit Facilities), including other lenders, subject to certain stated exceptions, including floor plan financing arrangements. In addition, the Credit Facilities contain certain negative covenants, including covenants which could restrict or prohibit indebtedness, liens, the payment of dividends and other stockholder distributions, capital expenditures and material dispositions and acquisitions of assets, as well as other customary covenants and default provisions. Specifically, the Credit Facilities permit quarterly cash dividends on our Class A and Class B Common Stock up to $0.18 per share so long as no Event of Default (as defined in the Credit Facilities) has occurred and is continuing and provided that we remain in compliance with all financial covenants under the Credit Facilities. Dividends greater than $0.18 per share are permitted subject to limitations on restricted payments set forth in the Credit Facilities.

4.625% Notes

On October 27, 2021, we issued $650.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.625% Notes, which will mature on November 15, 2029. Sonic used the net proceeds from the issuance of the 4.625% Notes, along with the net proceeds of the 4.875% Notes, to fund the acquisition of RFJ Auto Partners, Inc. and its subsidiaries completed in December 2021 (“RFJ Acquisition”) and to repay existing debt.

10

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The 4.625% Notes were issued under an Indenture, dated as of October 27, 2021 (the “2029 Indenture”), by and among the Company, certain subsidiary guarantors named therein (collectively, the “Guarantors”) and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “trustee”). The 4.625% Notes are unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis initially by all of the Company’s domestic operating subsidiaries. The parent company has no independent assets or operations. The non-domestic operating subsidiary that is not a guarantor is considered minor. Under certain circumstances set forth in the 2029 Indenture, the guarantees of the certain subsidiaries of the Company comprising the EchoPark Business (as defined in the 2029 Indenture) may be released. The 2029 Indenture also provides substantial flexibility for the Company to enter into fundamental transactions involving the EchoPark Business. The 2029 Indenture provides that interest on the 4.625% Notes will be payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year beginning May 15, 2022. The 2029 Indenture also contains other restrictive covenants and default provisions common for an issue of senior notes of this nature. The 4.625% Notes are redeemable by the Company under certain circumstances. For further discussion of the 4.625% Notes, see Note 6, “Long-Term Debt,” to the consolidated financial statements in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

4.875% Notes

On October 27, 2021, we issued $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.875% Notes, which will mature on November 15, 2031. Sonic used the net proceeds from the issuance of the 4.875% Notes, along with the net proceeds of the 4.625% Notes, to fund the RFJ Acquisition and to repay existing debt.

The 4.875% Notes were issued under an Indenture, dated as of October 27, 2021 (the “2031 Indenture”), by and among the Company, the Guarantors and the trustee. The 4.875% Notes are unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis initially by all of the Company’s domestic operating subsidiaries. The parent company has no independent assets or operations. The non-domestic operating subsidiary that is not a guarantor is considered minor. Under certain circumstances set forth in the 2031 Indenture, the guarantees of the certain subsidiaries of the Company comprising the EchoPark Business (as defined in the 2031 Indenture) may be released. The 2031 Indenture also provides substantial flexibility for the Company to enter into fundamental transactions involving the Echo-Park Business. The 2031 Indenture provides that interest on the 4.875% Notes will be payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year beginning May 15, 2022. The 2031 Indenture also contains other restrictive covenants and default provisions common for an issue of senior notes of this nature. The 4.875% Notes are redeemable by the Company under certain circumstances. For further discussion of the 4.875% Notes, see Note 6, “Long-Term Debt,” to the consolidated financial statements in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Mortgage Facility

On November 22, 2019, we entered into a delayed draw-term loan credit agreement, which was scheduled to mature on November 22, 2024 (the “Mortgage Facility”). On October 11, 2021, we entered into an amendment to the Mortgage Facility to permit the consummation of the RFJ Acquisition and the issuance of the 4.625% Notes and the 4.875% Notes. On November 17, 2022, we entered into an amendment to the Mortgage Facility to, among other things, extend the scheduled maturity date to November 17, 2027.

On November 17, 2022, in connection with the closing of the Fourth Mortgage Facility Amendment, the Company incurred a $320.0 million term loan, with a portion of the proceeds used to repay the entire $77.6 million principal amount of a prior term loan. The $320.0 million borrowing amortizes on a fixed schedule through the maturity date. In addition, the lenders under the Mortgage Facility committed to providing, upon the terms set forth in the Fourth Mortgage Facility Amendment and upon the pledging of sufficient collateral by the Company, delayed draw-term loans in an aggregate principal amount up to $85.0 million (the “Delayed Draw Credit Facility”) and revolving loans in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $95.0 million. Based on this, the aggregate commitments of the lenders under the Mortgage Facility equaled a total of $500.0 million, after satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Mortgage Facility, including the appraisal and pledging of collateral of a specified value. The Fourth Mortgage Facility Amendment also (i) replaced the Mortgage Facility’s LIBOR-based Eurodollar reference interest rate option one-month Term SOFR (as defined in the Mortgage Facility); and (ii) made changes to the pricing grid for loans incurred under the Mortgage Facility, specifying credit spreads based on the Company’s Consolidated Total Lease Adjusted Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Mortgage Facility). As permitted by this amendment, the Company incurred a term loan under the Delayed Draw Credit Facility with a principal amount of $7.0 million on November 18, 2022.

11

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

On March 22, 2024, we entered into an amendment to the Mortgage Facility (the “Fifth Mortgage Facility Amendment”) to conform to the terms of the Sixth Credit Facility Amendment including (i) adding certain specified share exchange transactions as permitted restricted payments and dispositions; (ii) removing the requirement that the Company maintain a specified consolidated liquidity ratio; and (iii) increasing the basket for quarterly dividends from $0.12 to $0.18 per share of qualified capital stock.

As of March 31, 2024, we had $307.0 million of outstanding borrowings and $173.0 million available under the Mortgage Facility.

Interest on the Mortgage Facility is paid monthly in arrears. Amortizing principal payments are scheduled to be $4.0 million per quarter from the quarter ending March 31, 2023 through the quarter ending December 31, 2024 and $6.0 million per quarter from the quarter ending March 31, 2025 through the quarter ending September 30, 2027 with the remaining balance due on the November 17, 2027 maturity date. The Company has the right to prepay outstanding principal at any time without premium or penalty provided the prepayment amount exceeds $0.5 million.

For further discussion of the Mortgage Facility, see Note 6, “Long-Term Debt,” to the consolidated financial statements in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Mortgage Notes to Finance Companies

As of March 31, 2024, the weighted-average interest rate of our other outstanding mortgage notes (excluding the Mortgage Facility) was 5.20% and the total outstanding mortgage principal balance of these notes (excluding the Mortgage Facility) was approximately $220.8 million. These mortgage notes require monthly payments of principal and interest through their respective maturities, are secured by the underlying properties and contain certain cross-default provisions. Maturity dates for these mortgage notes range from 2024 to 2033.

Covenants

The Credit Facilities and the Mortgage Facility contain certain negative covenants, including covenants which could restrict or prohibit indebtedness, liens, the payment of dividends and other restricted payments, capital expenditures and material dispositions and acquisitions of assets, as well as other customary covenants and default provisions. The Credit Facilities and the Mortgage Facility also contain limitations on our ability to pledge assets to third parties, subject to certain stated exceptions.

We were in compliance with the financial covenants under the Credit Facilities and the Mortgage Facility as of March 31, 2024. Financial covenants include required specified ratios (as each is defined in the Credit Facilities and the Mortgage Facility) of:

	Covenant
	Minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio	Maximum Consolidated Total Lease Adjusted Leverage Ratio
Required ratio	1.20	5.75
March 31, 2024 actual	1.94	3.10

The Credit Facilities and the Mortgage Facility contain events of default, including cross defaults to other material indebtedness, change of control events and other events of default customary for syndicated commercial credit facilities. Upon the future occurrence of an event of default, we could be required to immediately repay all outstanding amounts under the Credit Facilities and the Mortgage Facility.

After giving effect to the applicable restrictions on the payment of dividends under our debt agreements, as of March 31, 2024, we had approximately $264.1 million of net income and retained earnings free of such restrictions. We were in compliance with all restrictive covenants under our debt agreements as of March 31, 2024.

In addition, many of our facility leases are governed by a guarantee agreement between the landlord and us that contains financial and operating covenants. The financial covenants under the guarantee agreement are identical to those under the Credit Facilities and the Mortgage Facility with the exception of one additional financial covenant related to the ratio of EBITDAR to Rent (as defined in the guarantee agreement) with a required ratio of no less than 1.50 to 1.00. As of March 31, 2024, the ratio was 11.70 to 1.00.

12

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Guarantees and Indemnification Obligations

In accordance with the terms of our operating lease agreements, our dealership subsidiaries, acting as lessees, generally agree to indemnify the lessor from certain exposure arising as a result of the use of the leased premises, including environmental exposure and repairs to leased property upon termination of the lease. In addition, we have generally agreed to indemnify the lessor in the event of a breach of the lease by the lessee.

In connection with dealership dispositions and facility relocations, certain of our subsidiaries have assigned or sublet to the buyer their interests in real property leases associated with such dealerships. In general, the subsidiaries retain responsibility for the performance of certain obligations under such leases, including rent payments and repairs to leased property upon termination of the lease, to the extent that the assignee or the sublessee does not perform. In the event an assignee or a sublessee does not perform its obligations, Sonic remains liable for such obligations.

In accordance with the terms of agreements entered into for the sale of our dealerships, we generally agree to indemnify the buyer from certain liabilities and costs arising subsequent to the date of sale, including environmental exposure and exposure resulting from the breach of representations or warranties made in accordance with the agreements. While our exposure with respect to environmental remediation is difficult to quantify, our maximum exposure associated with these general indemnifications was approximately $8.0 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. These indemnifications typically expire within a period of one to three years following the date of sale. The estimated fair value of these indemnifications was not material and the amount recorded for this contingency was not significant at March 31, 2024.

We also guarantee the floor plan commitments of our 50%-owned joint venture, and the amount of such guarantee at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was approximately $4.3 million.

Legal Matters

Sonic is involved, and expects to continue to be involved, in various legal and administrative proceedings arising out of the conduct of its business, including regulatory investigations and private civil actions brought by plaintiffs purporting to represent a potential class or for which a class has been certified. Although Sonic is unable to predict with certainty the outcome of any litigation, regulatory investigation or inquiry, in the opinion of management, Sonic does not believe it is reasonably possible that its current and threatened legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on Sonic’s business, financial position or consolidated results of operations. Given the inherent unpredictability of these types of proceedings, however, it is possible that future adverse outcomes could have a material adverse effect on Sonic’s financial results.

There were no significant liabilities recorded related to legal matters as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

8. Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

	Fair Value Based on Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Assets:
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies (1)	$	43.9	$	42.9
Interest rate caps designated as hedges (2)	1.1		1.0
Total assets	$	45.0	$	43.9

(1)Included in other assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)As of March 31, 2024, approximately $1.1 million was included in other current assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2023, approximately $1.0 million was included in other current assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

13

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair values of Sonic’s financial instruments, including receivables, notes receivable from finance contracts, notes payable – floor plan, trade accounts payable, borrowings under the revolving credit facilities and certain mortgage notes, approximated their carrying values due either to length of maturity or existence of variable interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value and the carrying value of Sonic’s significant fixed rate long-term debt were as follows:

	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value
	(In millions)
4.875% Notes (1)	$	435.0	$	500.0	$	447.5	$	500.0
4.625% Notes (1)	$	578.5	$	650.0	$	591.5	$	650.0
Mortgage Notes (2)	$	147.1	$	152.8	$	156.6	$	163.0

(1)As determined by market quotations from similar securities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (Level 2).

(2)As determined by the discounted cash flow method (Level 2).

For further discussion of Sonic’s fair value measurements, see Note 11, “Fair Value Measurements,” to the consolidated financial statements in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

9. Segment Information

As of March 31, 2024, Sonic had three operating segments: (1) retail automotive franchises that sell new vehicles and buy and sell used vehicles, sell replacement parts, perform vehicle maintenance, warranty and repair services, and arrange finance and insurance products (the “Franchised Dealerships Segment”); (2) pre-owned vehicle specialty retail locations that provide guests an opportunity to search our nationwide inventory, purchase a pre-owned vehicle, select finance and insurance products and sell their current vehicle to us (the “EchoPark Segment”); and (3) retail locations that sell new and used powersports vehicles, perform vehicle maintenance, warranty and repair services, and arrange finance and insurance products (the “Powersports Segment”). Sonic has determined that its operating segments also represent its reportable segments.

The reportable segments identified above are the business activities of Sonic for which discrete financial information is available and for which operating results are regularly reviewed by Sonic’s chief operating decision maker to assess operating performance and allocate resources. Sonic’s chief operating decision maker is a group of three individuals consisting of: (1) the Company’s Chief Executive Officer; (2) the Company’s President; and (3) the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.

14

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Reportable segment financial information for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Segment Revenues:
Franchised Dealerships Segment revenues:
Retail new vehicles	$	1,439.9	$	1,421.0
Fleet new vehicles	19.6		18.8
Total new vehicles	1,459.5		1,439.8
Used vehicles	729.3		767.6
Wholesale vehicles	48.6		58.4
Parts, service and collision repair	439.9		423.8
Finance, insurance and other, net	119.6		117.1
Franchised Dealerships Segment revenues	$	2,796.9	$	2,806.7
EchoPark Segment revenues:
Retail new vehicles	$	—	$	1.0
Used vehicles	482.9		572.5
Wholesale vehicles	28.6		27.0
Finance, insurance and other, net	47.9		50.0
EchoPark Segment revenues	$	559.4	$	650.5
Powersports Segment revenues:
Retail new vehicles	$	15.9	$	20.8
Used vehicles	3.4		4.8
Wholesale vehicles	0.1		0.2
Parts, service and collision repair	6.8		6.7
Finance, insurance and other, net	1.5		1.5
Powersports Segment revenues	$	27.7	$	34.0
Total consolidated revenues	$	3,384.0	$	3,491.2

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Segment Income (Loss) (1):
Franchised Dealerships Segment (2)	$	62.7	$	109.8
EchoPark Segment (3)	(2.9)		(46.8)
Powersports Segment	(2.3)		0.6
Total segment income	$	57.5	$	63.6
Impairment charges (4)	(1.0)		—
Income before taxes	$	56.5	$	63.6

(1)Segment income (loss) for each segment is defined as income (loss) before taxes and impairment charges.

(2)For the three months ended March 31, 2024, amount includes approximately $2.2 million of pre-tax charges for severance and long-term compensation expense and approximately $1.0 million of pre-tax impairment charges related to property and equipment.

(3)For the three months ended March 31, 2024, amount includes approximately $2.1 million of pre-tax charges for severance and long-term compensation expense and approximately $2.1 million of pre-tax charges related to closed store accrued expenses related to the indefinite suspension of operations at certain EchoPark locations. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, amount includes approximately $2.0 million of pre-tax charges for long-term compensation expense.

15

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(4)For the three months ended March 31, 2024, amount includes approximately $1.0 million of pre-tax property and equipment charges for the Franchised Dealerships Segment.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Segment Impairment Charges:
Franchised Dealerships Segment	$	1.0	$	—
EchoPark Segment	—		—
Powersports Segment	—		—
Total impairment charges	$	1.0	$	—

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Segment Depreciation and Amortization:
Franchised Dealerships Segment	$	29.8	$	26.5
EchoPark Segment	5.5		7.0
Powersports Segment	1.0		0.8
Total depreciation and amortization	$	36.3	$	34.3

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Segment Floor Plan Interest Expense:
Franchised Dealerships Segment	$	16.0	$	9.9
EchoPark Segment	3.8		4.6
Powersports Segment	0.5		0.1
Total floor plan interest expense	$	20.3	$	14.6

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Segment Interest Expense, Other, Net:
Franchised Dealerships Segment	$	27.8	$	26.9
EchoPark Segment	0.7		0.9
Powersports Segment	0.5		0.6
Total interest expense, other, net	$	29.0	$	28.4

16

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Segment Capital Expenditures:
Franchised Dealerships Segment	$	43.0	$	31.0
EchoPark Segment	0.4		5.7
Powersports Segment	0.4		0.5
Total capital expenditures	$	43.8	$	37.2

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Segment Assets:
Franchised Dealerships Segment	$	4,214.1	$	4,110.8
EchoPark Segment	638.2		667.9
Powersports Segment	220.2		212.0
Corporate and other:
Cash and cash equivalents	15.1		28.9
Floor plan deposit balance	320.0		345.0
Total assets	$	5,407.6	$	5,364.6

17

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto, as well as the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Unless otherwise noted, we present the discussion in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations on a consolidated basis. To the extent that we believe a discussion of the differences among reportable segments will enhance a reader’s understanding of our financial condition, cash flows and other changes in financial condition and results of operations, the differences are discussed separately. Certain amounts and percentages may not compute due to rounding.

Unless otherwise noted, all discussion of increases or decreases are for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. The following discussion of Franchised Dealerships Segment new vehicles, used vehicles, wholesale vehicles, parts, service and collision repair, and finance, insurance and other, net is on a same store basis, except where otherwise noted. All currently operating franchised dealership stores are included within the same store group as of the first full month following the first anniversary of the store’s opening or acquisition. The following discussion of EchoPark Segment used vehicles, wholesale vehicles, and finance, insurance and other, net is on a reported basis, except where otherwise noted. All currently operating EchoPark stores in a local geographic market are included within the same market group as of the first full month following the first anniversary of the market’s opening or acquisition. The following discussion of Powersports Segment new vehicles, used vehicles, wholesale vehicles, parts, service and collision repair, and finance, insurance and other, net is on a reported basis, except where otherwise noted. All currently operating stores in the Powersports Segment are included within the same store group as of the first full month following the first anniversary of the store’s opening or acquisition.

Overview

We are one of the largest automotive retailers in the U.S. (as measured by reported total revenue). As a result of the way we manage our business, we had three reportable segments as of March 31, 2024: (1) the Franchised Dealerships Segment; (2) the EchoPark Segment; and (3) the Powersports Segment. For management and operational reporting purposes, we group certain businesses together that share management and inventory (principally used vehicles) into “stores.” As of March 31, 2024, we operated 108 stores in the Franchised Dealerships Segment, 18 stores in the EchoPark Segment and 13 stores in the Powersports Segment. The Franchised Dealerships Segment consists of 132 new vehicle franchises (representing 26 different brands of cars and light trucks) and 16 collision repair centers in 18 states. The EchoPark Segment consists of 18 stores in 10 states. The Powersports Segment consists of nine franchises in two states.

The Franchised Dealerships Segment provides comprehensive sales and services, including (1) sales of both new and used cars and light trucks; (2) sales of replacement parts and performance of vehicle maintenance, manufacturer warranty repairs, and paint and collision repair services (collectively, “Fixed Operations”); and (3) arrangement of third-party financing, extended warranties, service contracts, insurance and other aftermarket products (collectively, “F&I”) for our guests. The EchoPark Segment sells used cars and light trucks and arranges third-party F&I product sales for our guests in pre-owned vehicle specialty retail locations, and does not offer customer-facing Fixed Operations services. The Powersports Segment offers guests: (1) sales of both new and used powersports vehicles (such as motorcycles, personal watercraft and all-terrain vehicles); (2) Fixed Operations activities; and (3) F&I services. All three segments generally operate independently of one another with the exception of certain shared back-office functions and corporate overhead costs.

18

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Executive Summary

Retail Automotive Industry Performance

The U.S. retail automotive industry’s total new vehicle (retail and fleet combined) seasonally adjusted annual rate of unit sales volume (the “total new vehicle SAAR”) increased 1% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 to approximately 15.4 million vehicles, compared to approximately 15.3 million vehicles for the three months ended March 31, 2023, according to the Power Information Network (“PIN”) from J.D. Power. We currently estimate the 2024 new vehicle industry volume will be between 15.5 million vehicles (flat compared to 2023) and 16.0 million vehicles (an increase of 3% compared to 2023). The effects of interest rates, changes in consumer confidence, availability of consumer financing, manufacturer inventory production levels, incentive levels from automotive manufacturers or shifts in such levels, or timing of consumer demand as a result of economic conditions, natural disasters or other unforeseen circumstances could cause the actual 2024 new vehicle industry volume to vary from expectations. Many factors, including brand and geographic concentrations as well as the industry sales mix between retail and fleet new vehicle unit sales volume, have caused our past results to differ from the industry’s overall trend. Our new vehicle sales strategy focuses on our retail new vehicle sales (as opposed to fleet new vehicle sales) and, as a result, we believe it is appropriate to compare our retail new vehicle unit sales volume to the industry retail new vehicle seasonally adjusted annual rate of unit sales volume (the “retail new vehicle SAAR”) (which excludes fleet new vehicle sales). According to PIN from J.D. Power, the retail new vehicle SAAR remained flat at approximately 12.6 million vehicles for both the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Franchised Dealerships Segment

As a result of the acquisition, disposition, termination or closure of certain franchised dealership stores in 2023 and 2024, the change in reported amounts from period to period may not be indicative of the current or future operational or financial performance of our current group of operating stores.

Retail new vehicle revenue increased 3% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven primarily by a 5% increase in retail new vehicle unit sales volume, partially offset by a 2% decrease in retail new vehicle average selling prices. Retail new vehicle gross profit decreased 29% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, due primarily to increased price competition as a result of higher levels of available inventory and higher inventory invoice cost, which combined to drive lower retail new vehicle gross profit per unit. Retail new vehicle gross profit per unit decreased $1,783 per unit, or 32%, to $3,716 per unit during the three months ended March 31, 2024. On a trailing quarter cost of sales basis, our reported Franchised Dealerships Segment new vehicle inventory days’ supply was approximately 50 and 31 days as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as a result of increased manufacturer production levels.

Retail used vehicle revenue decreased 4% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven primarily by a 7% decrease in retail used vehicle average selling prices, partially offset by a 4% increase in retail used vehicle unit sales volume. Retail used vehicle gross profit increased 1% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to the 4% increase in retail used vehicle unit sales volume, partially offset by lower retail used vehicle gross profit per unit. Retail used vehicle gross profit per unit decreased $46 per unit, or 3%, to $1,585 per unit during the three months ended March 31, 2024 due primarily to higher inventory acquisition costs and lower selling prices due to increased price competition as a result of ongoing consumer affordability challenges, including the effect of higher interest rates. Wholesale vehicle gross profit (loss) worsened approximately $2.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024 due primarily to a $382 per unit, or 110%, worsening of in wholesale vehicle gross profit (loss) per unit during the three months ended March 31, 2024. We generally focus on maintaining Franchised Dealerships Segment used vehicle inventory days’ supply in the 25- to 35-day range, which may fluctuate seasonally, in order to limit our exposure to market pricing volatility. On a trailing quarter cost of sales basis, our reported Franchised Dealerships Segment used vehicle inventory days’ supply was approximately 28 and 29 days as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Fixed Operations revenue increased 5% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, and Fixed Operations gross profit increased 6% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven primarily by higher repair order volume and higher parts and labor costs that were passed along to consumers. Fixed Operations gross margin increased 70 basis points, to 50.1%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily driven by an increase in warranty revenue contribution and higher customer pay and warranty gross margin.

F&I revenue increased 4% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven by a 4% increase in total retail vehicle unit sales volume. F&I gross profit per retail unit decreased $20 per unit, or 1%, to $2,350 per unit during the three months ended March 31, 2024. We believe that our proprietary software applications, playbook processes and guest-centric selling approach enable us to optimize F&I gross profit and penetration rates (the number of F&I products sold per vehicle) across our F&I product lines.

19

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

EchoPark Segment

In January 2024, we closed the remaining seven Northwest Motorsport stores following the closure of three Northwest Motorsport stores in the third quarter of 2023.

Reported total revenues decreased 14% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven primarily by a 10% decrease in retail used vehicle unit sales volume and a 6% decrease in average retail used vehicle unit selling prices. Reported total gross profit increased 34% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to a 150% increase in retail used vehicle gross profit per unit, to $294 per unit, partially offset by a 10% decrease in retail used vehicle unit sales volume.

Reported retail used vehicle revenue decreased 16% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven primarily by the decrease in retail used vehicle unit sales volume. F&I revenue decreased 4% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven primarily by the decrease in retail used vehicle unit sales volume, offset partially by a 6% increase in F&I gross profit per unit. Reported combined retail used vehicle and F&I gross profit per unit increased $1,049 per unit, or 55%, to $2,955 per unit during the three months ended March 31, 2024, due primarily to a 150% increase in retail used vehicle gross profit per unit and a 6% increase in F&I gross profit per unit.

Reported wholesale vehicle gross profit decreased approximately $1.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to a 139% decrease in wholesale vehicle gross profit per unit. We generally focus on maintaining EchoPark Segment used vehicle inventory days’ supply in the 30- to 40-day range, which may fluctuate seasonally, in order to limit our exposure to market pricing volatility. On a trailing quarter cost of sales basis, our reported EchoPark Segment used vehicle inventory days’ supply was approximately 36 and 48 days as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Same market total revenues increased 12% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily attributable to a 13% increase in total retail used vehicle unit sales volume. The change in same market total retail vehicle unit sales volume is driven primarily by the closure of EchoPark and Northwest Motorsport locations in 2023 and the first quarter of 2024. Same market total gross profit increased 79% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven primarily by a 150% increase in retail used vehicle gross profit per unit.

Powersports Segment

Reported retail new vehicle revenue decreased 24% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily driven by a 24% decrease in retail new vehicle unit sales volume. Retail new vehicle gross profit decreased 43% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as a result of a 25% decrease in retail new vehicle gross profit per unit and lower retail new vehicle unit sales volume. Retail new vehicle gross profit per unit decreased $897 per unit, or 25%, to $2,676 per unit, due primarily to higher inventory invoice cost. On a trailing quarter cost of sales basis, our reported Powersports Segment new vehicle inventory days’ supply was approximately 225 and 140 days as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, varying based on manufacturer production levels, consumer demand and seasonality.

Reported retail used vehicle revenue decreased 30% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily driven by a 24% decrease in retail used vehicle average selling prices and an 8% decrease in retail used vehicle unit sales volume. Retail used vehicle gross profit decreased 10% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as a result of lower retail used vehicle unit sales volume. Retail used vehicle gross profit per unit decreased $143 per unit, or 6%, to $2,185 per unit, due primarily to lower retail used vehicle average selling prices. On a trailing quarter cost of sales basis, our reported Powersports Segment used vehicle inventory days’ supply was approximately 99 and 133 days as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Reported Fixed Operations revenue remained flat during the three months ended March 31, 2024, and Fixed Operations gross profit decreased 6% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven primarily by lower repair order volume. Fixed Operations gross margin decreased 250 basis points to 46.4% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven primarily by a decrease in customer pay revenue contribution and lower customer pay gross margin.

Reported F&I revenue remained flat during the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven primarily by a 19% decrease in combined retail new and used vehicle unit sales volume, offset by a 22% increase in F&I gross profit per retail unit. F&I gross profit per retail unit increased $217 per unit, or 22%, to $1,197 per unit during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Same store total revenues decreased 22% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven primarily by a 22% decrease in total vehicle unit sales volume. Same store total gross profit decreased 25% during the three months ended March 31, 2024, driven primarily by a 28% decrease in retail new vehicle gross profit per unit.

20

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Results of Operations – Consolidated

As a result of the acquisition, disposition, termination or closure of certain franchised dealership stores and EchoPark stores in 2023 and 2024, the change in consolidated reported amounts from period to period may not be indicative of the current or future operational or financial performance of our current group of operating stores.

New Vehicles – Consolidated

New vehicle revenues include the sale of new vehicles, including new powersports vehicles, to retail customers, as well as the sale of fleet vehicles to businesses for use in their operations. New vehicle revenues and gross profit can be influenced by vehicle manufacturer incentives to consumers (which vary from cash-back incentives to low interest rate financing, among other things), the availability of consumer credit and the level and type of manufacturer-to-dealer incentives, as well as manufacturers providing adequate inventory allocations to our dealerships to meet consumer demand. The automobile manufacturing industry is cyclical and historically has experienced periodic downturns characterized by oversupply and weak demand, both within specific brands and in the industry as a whole. As an automotive retailer, we seek to mitigate the effects of this sales cycle by maintaining a diverse brand mix of dealerships. Our brand diversity allows us to offer a broad range of products at a wide range of prices from lower-priced economy automobiles to luxury automobiles and powersports vehicles.

21

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table depicts the breakdown of our Franchised Dealerships Segment new vehicle revenues by brand for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
New Vehicle Brand	2024		2023
Luxury:
BMW	25	%	25	%
Mercedes	14	%	14	%
Lexus	6	%	5	%
Audi	5	%	6	%
Land Rover	5	%	4	%
Porsche	3	%	4	%
Cadillac	2	%	2	%
Volvo	1	%	1	%
MINI	1	%	1	%
Other Luxury (1)	—	%	1	%
Total Luxury	62	%	63	%
Mid-line Import:
Honda	11	%	10	%
Toyota	9	%	8	%
Volkswagen	2	%	2	%
Hyundai	1	%	2	%
Other Mid-line Import (2)	1	%	1	%
Total Mid-line Import	24	%	23	%
Domestic:
General Motors (3)	5	%	6	%
Chrysler	5	%	3	%
Ford	4	%	5	%
Total Domestic	14	%	14	%
Total	100	%	100	%

(1)Includes Alfa Romeo, Infiniti, Jaguar and Maserati.

(2)Includes Mazda, Nissan and Subaru.

(3)Includes Buick, Chevrolet and GMC.

The U.S. retail automotive industry’s new vehicle unit sales volume below reflects all brands marketed or sold in the U.S. This industry sales volume includes brands we do not sell and markets in which we do not operate, therefore, changes in our new vehicle unit sales volume may not trend directly in line with changes in the industry new vehicle unit sales volume. We believe that the industry retail new vehicle unit sales volume is a more meaningful metric for comparing our new vehicle unit sales volume to the industry due to our minimal fleet vehicle business.

U.S. retail new vehicle SAAR, fleet new vehicle seasonally adjusted annual rate of unit sales volume (the “fleet new vehicle SAAR”) and total new vehicle SAAR were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,		Better / (Worse)
	2024	2023	% Change
	(In millions of vehicles)
U.S. Retail new vehicle SAAR (1)	12.6	12.6	—	%
U.S. Fleet new vehicle SAAR	2.8	2.7	4	%
U.S. Total new vehicle SAAR (1)	15.4	15.3	1	%

(1)Source: PIN from J.D. Power

22

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our consolidated reported new vehicle results (combined retail and fleet data) were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Reported new vehicle:
Retail new vehicle revenue	$	1,455.8		$	1,442.8		$	13.0	1	%
Fleet new vehicle revenue	19.6			18.8			0.8		4	%
Total new vehicle revenue	$	1,475.4		$	1,461.6		$	13.8	1	%
Retail new vehicle gross profit	$	96.4		$	138.1		$	(41.7)	(30)	%
Fleet new vehicle gross profit	0.7			0.9			(0.2)		(22)	%
Total new vehicle gross profit	$	97.1		$	139.0		$	(41.9)	(30)	%
Retail new vehicle unit sales	26,142			25,657			485		2	%
Fleet new vehicle unit sales	379			441			(62)		(14)	%
Total new vehicle unit sales	26,521			26,098			423		2	%
Revenue per new retail unit	$	55,689		$	56,233		$	(544)	(1)	%
Revenue per new fleet unit	$	51,708		$	42,680		$	9,028	21	%
Total revenue per new unit	$	55,632		$	56,004		$	(372)	(1)	%
Gross profit per new retail unit	$	3,688		$	5,381		$	(1,693)	(31)	%
Gross profit per new fleet unit	$	1,706		$	2,020		$	(314)	(16)	%
Total gross profit per new unit	$	3,660		$	5,325		$	(1,665)	(31)	%
Retail gross profit as a % of revenue	6.6		%	9.6		%	(300)		bps
Fleet gross profit as a % of revenue	3.3		%	4.7		%	(140)		bps
Total new vehicle gross profit as a % of revenue	6.6		%	9.5		%	(290)		bps

For further analysis of new vehicle results, see the tables and discussion under the headings “New Vehicles - Franchised Dealerships Segment” and “New Vehicles - Powersports Segment” in the Franchised Dealerships Segment and Powersports Segment sections, respectively, below.

Used Vehicles – Consolidated

Used vehicle revenues include the sale of used vehicles, including used powersports vehicles, to retail customers and at wholesale. Used vehicle revenues are directly affected by a number of factors, including consumer demand for used vehicles, the pricing and level of manufacturer incentives on new vehicles, the number and quality of trade-ins and lease turn-ins available to our dealerships, the availability and pricing of used vehicles acquired at wholesale auction, and the availability of consumer credit. Depending on the mix of inventory sourcing (trade-ins or purchases from customers versus wholesale auction), the days’ supply of used vehicle inventory, and the pricing strategy employed by the dealership, retail used vehicle gross profit per unit and retail used vehicle gross profit as a percentage of revenue may vary significantly from historical levels given recent trends in the used vehicle environment.

23

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our consolidated reported retail used vehicle results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Reported retail used vehicle:
Revenue	$	1,215.6		$	1,344.9		$	(129.3)	(10)	%
Gross profit	$	47.0		$	30.0		$	17.0	57	%
Unit sales	44,056			45,531			(1,475)		(3)	%
Revenue per unit	$	27,593		$	29,538		$	(1,945)	(7)	%
Gross profit per unit	$	1,068		$	660		$	408	62	%
Gross profit as a % of revenue	3.9		%	2.2		%	170		bps

For further analysis of used vehicle results, see the tables and discussion under the headings “Used Vehicles - Franchised Dealerships Segment,” “Used Vehicles and F&I - EchoPark Segment” and “Used Vehicles - Powersports Segment” in the Franchised Dealerships Segment, EchoPark Segment and Powersports Segment sections, respectively, below.

Wholesale Vehicles – Consolidated

Wholesale vehicle revenues are affected by retail new and used vehicle unit sales volume and the associated trade-in volume, as well as short-term, temporary and seasonal fluctuations in wholesale auction pricing. In recent years, wholesale vehicle prices and supply at auction have experienced periods of volatility, impacting our wholesale vehicle revenues and related gross profit (loss), as well as our retail used vehicle revenues and related gross profit. We believe that the current wholesale vehicle price environment is not sustainable in the long term and expect that average wholesale vehicle pricing and related gross profit (loss) will continue to return toward long-term normalized levels in the long run, but may continue to experience volatility through 2024 or beyond. Wholesale vehicle revenues are also significantly affected by our corporate inventory management strategy and policies, which are designed to optimize our total used vehicle inventory and expected gross profit levels and minimize inventory carrying risks.

Our consolidated reported wholesale vehicle results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Reported wholesale vehicle:
Revenue	$	77.3		$	85.6		$	(8.3)	(10)	%
Gross profit (loss)	$	(0.8)		$	3.0		$	(3.8)	(127)	%
Unit sales	8,112			8,406			(294)		(3)	%
Revenue per unit	$	9,530		$	10,169		$	(639)	(6)	%
Gross profit (loss) per unit	$	(89)		$	359		$	(448)	(125)	%
Gross profit (loss) as a % of revenue	(0.9)		%	3.5		%	(440)		bps

For further analysis of wholesale vehicle results on a segment basis, see the tables and discussion under the headings “Wholesale Vehicles – Franchised Dealerships Segment,” “Wholesale Vehicles – EchoPark Segment” and “Wholesale Vehicles – Powersports Segment” in the Franchised Dealerships Segment, EchoPark Segment and Powersports Segment sections, respectively, below.

24

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Fixed Operations – Consolidated

Parts, service and collision repair revenues consist of repairs and maintenance requested and paid by customers (“customer pay”), warranty repairs (manufacturer-paid), wholesale parts (sales of parts and accessories to third-party automotive repair businesses) and internal, sublet and other. Parts and service revenue is driven by the volume and mix of warranty repairs versus customer pay repairs, available service capacity (a combination of service bay count and technician availability), vehicle quality, manufacturer recalls, customer loyalty, and prepaid or manufacturer-paid maintenance programs. Internal, sublet and other primarily relates to preparation and reconditioning work performed on vehicles in inventory that are later sold to a third party and may vary based on used vehicle inventory and sales volume from period to period. When that work is performed by one of our dealerships or stores, the work is classified as internal. In the event the work is performed by a third party on our behalf, it is classified as sublet.

We believe that, over time, vehicle quality will continue to improve, but vehicle complexity and the associated demand for repairs by qualified technicians at manufacturer-affiliated dealerships may result in market share gains that could offset any revenue lost from improvement in vehicle quality. We also believe that, over the long term, we have the ability to continue to optimize service capacity and customer retention at our dealerships and stores to further increase Fixed Operations revenues. Manufacturers continue to extend new vehicle warranty periods (in particular for battery electric vehicles) and have also begun to include regular maintenance items in the warranty or complimentary maintenance program coverage. These factors, over the long term, combined with the extended manufacturer warranties on certified pre-owned vehicles, should facilitate growth in our parts and service business. Barriers to long-term growth may include reductions in the rate paid by manufacturers to dealers for warranty repair work performed, as well as the improved quality and design of vehicles that may affect the level and frequency of future customer pay or warranty-related repair revenues.

Our consolidated reported Fixed Operations results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions)
Reported Fixed Operations:
Revenue
Customer pay	$	210.2		$	203.4		$	6.8	3	%
Warranty	64.5			58.9			5.6		10	%
Wholesale parts	50.8			54.4			(3.6)		(7)	%
Internal, sublet and other	121.2			113.8			7.4		7	%
Total revenue	$	446.7		$	430.5		$	16.2	4	%
Gross profit
Customer pay	$	118.0		$	113.0		$	5.0	4	%
Warranty	38.5			34.6			3.9		11	%
Wholesale parts	8.9			9.7			(0.8)		(8)	%
Internal, sublet and other	58.5			55.6			2.9		5	%
Total gross profit	$	223.9		$	212.9		$	11.0	5	%
Gross profit as a % of revenue
Customer pay	56.2		%	55.6		%	60		bps
Warranty	59.7		%	58.7		%	100		bps
Wholesale parts	17.6		%	17.8		%	(20)		bps
Internal, sublet and other	48.2		%	48.9		%	(70)		bps
Total gross profit as a % of revenue	50.1		%	49.5		%	60		bps

For further analysis of Fixed Operations results, see the tables and discussion under the headings “Fixed Operations - Franchised Dealerships Segment” and “Fixed Operations - Powersports Segment” in the Franchised Dealerships Segment and Powersports Segment sections, respectively, below.

25

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

F&I – Consolidated

Finance, insurance and other, net revenues include commissions for arranging third-party vehicle financing and insurance, sales of third-party extended warranties and service contracts for vehicles, and sales of other aftermarket products. In connection with vehicle financing, extended warranties and service contracts, other aftermarket products and insurance contracts, we receive commissions from the third-party providers for originating these contracts. F&I revenues are recognized net of actual and estimated future chargebacks and other costs associated with originating contracts (as a result, reported F&I revenues and F&I gross profit are the same amount, resulting in a 100% gross margin for F&I). F&I revenues are affected by the level of new and retail used vehicle unit sales volume, the age and average selling price of vehicles sold, the level of manufacturer financing specials or leasing incentives, and our F&I penetration rate for each type of F&I product. The F&I penetration rate represents the number of finance contracts, extended warranties and service contracts, other aftermarket products or insurance contracts that we are able to originate per vehicle sold, expressed as a percentage.

Yield spread premium is another term for the commission earned by our dealerships for arranging vehicle financing for consumers. The amount of the commission could be zero, a flat fee or an actual spread between the interest rate charged to the consumer and the interest rate provided by the third-party direct financing source (e.g., a commercial bank, credit union or manufacturer captive finance company). We have established caps on the potential yield spread premium our dealerships can earn with all finance sources. We believe the yield spread premium we earn for arranging vehicle financing represents value to the consumer in numerous ways, including the following:

•lower cost, below-market financing is often available only from the manufacturers’ captives and franchised dealers;

•ease of access to multiple high-quality lending sources;

•lease-financing alternatives are largely available only from manufacturers’ captives or other indirect lenders;

•guests with substandard credit frequently do not have direct access to potential sources of sub-prime financing; and

•guests with significant “negative equity” in their current vehicle (i.e., the guest’s current vehicle is worth less than the balance of their vehicle loan or lease obligation) frequently are unable to pay off the loan on their current vehicle and finance the purchase or lease of a replacement new or used vehicle without the assistance of a franchised dealership’s network of lending sources.

Our consolidated reported F&I results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Reported F&I:
Revenue	$	169.0	$	168.6	$	0.4	—	%
Total combined retail new and used vehicle unit sales	70,198		71,188		(990)		(1)	%
Gross profit per retail unit (excludes fleet)	$	2,407	$	2,369	$	38	2	%

For further analysis of F&I results, see the tables and discussion under the headings “F&I - Franchised Dealerships Segment,” “Used Vehicles and F&I - EchoPark Segment” and “F&I - Powersports Segment” in the Franchised Dealerships Segment, EchoPark Segment and Powersports Segment sections, respectively, below.

26

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Results of Operations – Franchised Dealerships Segment

As a result of the acquisition, disposition, termination or closure of certain franchised dealership stores in 2023 and 2024, the change in reported amounts from period to period may not be indicative of the current or future operational or financial performance of our current group of operating stores. Please refer to the same store tables and discussion on the following pages for a more meaningful comparison and discussion of financial results on a comparable store basis.

27

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

New Vehicles – Franchised Dealerships Segment

The following table provides a reconciliation of Franchised Dealerships Segment reported basis and same store basis for new vehicles:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit data)
Retail new vehicle revenue:
Same store	$	1,435.5	$	1,398.8	$	36.7	3	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	4.4		22.2		(17.8)		NM
Total as reported	$	1,439.9	$	1,421.0	$	18.9	1	%
Fleet new vehicle revenue:
Same store	$	19.6	$	18.9	$	0.7	4	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	—		(0.1)		0.1		NM
Total as reported	$	19.6	$	18.8	$	0.8	4	%
Total new vehicle revenue:
Same store	$	1,455.1	$	1,417.7	$	37.4	3	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	4.4		22.1		(17.7)		NM
Total as reported	$	1,459.5	$	1,439.8	$	19.7	1	%
Retail new vehicle gross profit:
Same store	$	93.7	$	132.3	$	(38.6)	(29)	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	0.4		1.7		(1.3)		NM
Total as reported	$	94.1	$	134.0	$	(39.9)	(30)	%
Fleet new vehicle gross profit:
Same store	$	0.7	$	0.9	$	(0.2)	(22)	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	—		—		—		NM
Total as reported	$	0.7	$	0.9	$	(0.2)	(22)	%
Total new vehicle gross profit:
Same store	$	94.4	$	133.2	$	(38.8)	(29)	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	0.4		1.7		(1.3)		NM
Total as reported	$	94.8	$	134.9	$	(40.1)	(30)	%
Retail new vehicle unit sales:
Same store	25,225		24,053		1,172		5	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	72		486		(414)		NM
Total as reported	25,297		24,539		758		3	%
Fleet new vehicle unit sales:
Same store	379		441		(62)		(14)	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	—		—		—		NM
Total as reported	379		441		(62)		(14)	%
Total new vehicle unit sales:
Same store	25,604		24,494		1,110		5	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	72		486		(414)		NM
Total as reported	25,676		24,980		696		3	%
NM = Not Meaningful

28

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our Franchised Dealerships Segment reported new vehicle results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Reported new vehicle:
Retail new vehicle revenue	$	1,439.9		$	1,421.0		$	18.9	1	%
Fleet new vehicle revenue	19.6			18.8			0.8		4	%
Total new vehicle revenue	$	1,459.5		$	1,439.8		$	19.7	1	%
Retail new vehicle gross profit	$	94.1		$	134.0		$	(39.9)	(30)	%
Fleet new vehicle gross profit	0.7			0.9			(0.2)		(22)	%
Total new vehicle gross profit	$	94.8		$	134.9		$	(40.1)	(30)	%
Retail new vehicle unit sales	25,297			24,539			758		3	%
Fleet new vehicle unit sales	379			441			(62)		(14)	%
Total new vehicle unit sales	25,676			24,980			696		3	%
Revenue per new retail unit	$	56,921		$	57,907		$	(986)	(2)	%
Revenue per new fleet unit	$	51,708		$	42,680		$	9,028	21	%
Total revenue per new unit	$	56,844		$	57,638		$	(794)	(1)	%
Gross profit per new retail unit	$	3,722		$	5,463		$	(1,741)	(32)	%
Gross profit per new fleet unit	$	1,706		$	2,020		$	(314)	(16)	%
Total gross profit per new unit	$	3,692		$	5,402		$	(1,710)	(32)	%
Retail gross profit as a % of revenue	6.5		%	9.4		%	(290)		bps
Fleet gross profit as a % of revenue	3.3		%	4.7		%	(140)		bps
Total new vehicle gross profit as a % of revenue	6.5		%	9.4		%	(290)		bps

29

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our Franchised Dealerships Segment same store new vehicle results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Same store new vehicle:
Retail new vehicle revenue	$	1,435.5		$	1,398.8		$	36.7	3	%
Fleet new vehicle revenue	19.6			18.9			0.7		4	%
Total new vehicle revenue	$	1,455.1		$	1,417.7		$	37.4	3	%
Retail new vehicle gross profit	$	93.7		$	132.3		$	(38.6)	(29)	%
Fleet new vehicle gross profit	0.7			0.9			(0.2)		(22)	%
Total new vehicle gross profit	$	94.4		$	133.2		$	(38.8)	(29)	%
Retail new vehicle unit sales	25,225			24,053			1,172		5	%
Fleet new vehicle unit sales	379			441			(62)		(14)	%
Total new vehicle unit sales	25,604			24,494			1,110		5	%
Revenue per new retail unit	$	56,909		$	58,157		$	(1,248)	(2)	%
Revenue per new fleet unit	$	51,708		$	42,680		$	9,028	21	%
Total revenue per new unit	$	56,832		$	57,878		$	(1,046)	(2)	%
Gross profit per new retail unit	$	3,716		$	5,499		$	(1,783)	(32)	%
Gross profit per new fleet unit	$	1,706		$	2,020		$	(314)	(16)	%
Total gross profit per new unit	$	3,686		$	5,437		$	(1,751)	(32)	%
Retail gross profit as a % of revenue	6.5		%	9.5		%	(300)		bps
Fleet gross profit as a % of revenue	3.3		%	4.7		%	(140)		bps
Total new vehicle gross profit as a % of revenue	6.5		%	9.4		%	(290)		bps

Same Store Franchised Dealerships Segment Retail New Vehicles – Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

Retail new vehicle revenue increased 3%, due primarily to a 5% increase in retail new vehicle unit sales volume, partially offset by a 2% decrease in retail new vehicle average selling prices. Retail new vehicle gross profit decreased approximately $38.6 million, or 29%, as a result of lower retail new vehicle gross profit per unit. Retail new vehicle gross profit per unit decreased $1,783 per unit, or 32%, to $3,716 per unit, due primarily to increased price competition as a result of higher levels of available inventory than in the prior year period and higher inventory invoice costs.

30

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Used Vehicles – Franchised Dealerships Segment

The following table provides a reconciliation of Franchised Dealerships Segment reported basis and same store basis for retail used vehicles:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit data)
Retail used vehicle revenue:
Same store	$	726.0	$	753.9	$	(27.9)	(4)	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	3.3		13.7		(10.4)		NM
Total as reported	$	729.3	$	767.6	$	(38.3)	(5)	%
Retail used vehicle gross profit:
Same store	$	40.5	$	40.1	$	0.4	1	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	0.3		0.7		(0.4)		NM
Total as reported	$	40.8	$	40.8	$	—	—	%
Retail used vehicle unit sales:
Same store	25,552		24,601		951		4	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	114		506		(392)		NM
Total as reported	25,666		25,107		559		2	%

NM = Not Meaningful

Our Franchised Dealerships Segment reported retail used vehicle results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Reported retail used vehicle:
Revenue	$	729.3		$	767.6		$	(38.3)	(5)	%
Gross profit	$	40.8		$	40.8		$	—	—	%
Unit sales	25,666			25,107			559		2	%
Revenue per unit	$	28,418		$	30,573		$	(2,155)	(7)	%
Gross profit per unit	$	1,592		$	1,626		$	(34)	(2)	%
Gross profit as a % of revenue	5.6		%	5.3		%	30		bps

31

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our Franchised Dealerships Segment same store retail used vehicle results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Same store retail used vehicle:
Revenue	$	726.0		$	753.9		$	(27.9)	(4)	%
Gross profit	$	40.5		$	40.1		$	0.4	1	%
Unit sales	25,552			24,601			951		4	%
Revenue per unit	$	28,414		$	30,646		$	(2,232)	(7)	%
Gross profit per unit	$	1,585		$	1,631		$	(46)	(3)	%
Gross profit as a % of revenue	5.6		%	5.3		%	30		bps

Same Store Franchised Dealerships Segment Retail Used Vehicles – Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

Retail used vehicle revenue decreased approximately $27.9 million, or 4%, driven primarily by a 7% decrease in retail used vehicle average selling prices, partially offset by a 4% increase in retail used vehicle unit sales volume. Retail used vehicle gross profit increased approximately $0.4 million, or 1%, driven primarily by a 4% increase in retail used vehicle unit sales volume, partially offset by a $46 per unit, or 3%, decrease in retail used vehicle gross profit per unit during the first quarter of 2024 due primarily to higher inventory acquisition costs and increased price competition as a result of ongoing consumer affordability challenges.

Wholesale Vehicles – Franchised Dealerships Segment

The following table provides a reconciliation of Franchised Dealerships Segment reported basis and same store basis for wholesale vehicles:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit data)
Total wholesale vehicle revenue:
Same store	$	48.4	$	57.6	$	(9.2)	(16)	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	0.2		0.8		(0.6)		NM
Total as reported	$	48.6	$	58.4	$	(9.8)	(17)	%
Total wholesale vehicle gross profit (loss):
Same store	$	(0.2)	$	1.8	$	(2.0)	(111)	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	—		0.1		(0.1)		NM
Total as reported	$	(0.2)	$	1.9	$	(2.1)	(111)	%
Total wholesale vehicle unit sales:
Same store	5,094		5,389		(295)		(5)	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	11		94		(83)		NM
Total as reported	5,105		5,483		(378)		(7)	%
NM = Not Meaningful

32

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our Franchised Dealerships Segment reported wholesale vehicle results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Reported wholesale vehicle:
Revenue	$	48.6		$	58.4		$	(9.8)	(17)	%
Gross profit (loss)	$	(0.2)		$	1.9		$	(2.1)	(111)	%
Unit sales	5,105			5,483			(378)		(7)	%
Revenue per unit	$	9,482		$	10,637		$	(1,155)	(11)	%
Gross profit (loss) per unit	$	(36)		$	324		$	(360)	(111)	%
Gross profit (loss) as a % of revenue	(0.4)		%	3.0		%	(340)		bps

    

Our Franchised Dealerships Segment same store wholesale vehicle results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Same store wholesale vehicle:
Revenue	$	48.4		$	57.6		$	(9.2)	(16)	%
Gross profit (loss)	$	(0.2)		$	1.8		$	(2.0)	(111)	%
Unit sales	5,094			5,389			(295)		(5)	%
Revenue per unit	$	9,487		$	10,679		$	(1,192)	(11)	%
Gross profit (loss) per unit	$	(36)		$	346		$	(382)	(110)	%
Gross profit (loss) as a % of revenue	(0.4)		%	3.2		%	(360)		bps

Same Store Franchised Dealerships Segment Wholesale Vehicles – Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

Wholesale vehicle revenue decreased approximately $9.2 million, or 16%, driven primarily by an 11% decrease in wholesale vehicle revenue per unit and a 5% decrease in wholesale vehicle unit sales volume during the first quarter of 2024. Wholesale vehicle gross profit (loss) worsened approximately $2.0 million, driven primarily by a $382 per unit, or 110%, worsening of wholesale vehicle gross profit (loss) per unit as a result of lower wholesale auction prices.

Fixed Operations – Franchised Dealerships Segment

The following table provides a reconciliation of Franchised Dealerships Segment reported basis and same store basis for Fixed Operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions)
Total Fixed Operations revenue:
Same store	$	438.6	$	417.8	$	20.8	5	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	1.3		6.0		(4.7)		NM
Total as reported	$	439.9	$	423.8	$	16.1	4	%
Total Fixed Operations gross profit:
Same store	$	219.6	$	206.3	$	13.3	6	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	1.2		3.3		(2.1)		NM
Total as reported	$	220.8	$	209.6	$	11.2	5	%

NM = Not Meaningful

33

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our Franchised Dealerships Segment reported Fixed Operations results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions)
Reported Fixed Operations:
Revenue
Customer pay	$	208.3		$	200.8		$	7.5	4	%
Warranty	64.1			58.6			5.5		9	%
Wholesale parts	50.6			54.3			(3.7)		(7)	%
Internal, sublet and other	116.9			110.1			6.8		6	%
Total revenue	$	439.9		$	423.8		$	16.1	4	%
Gross profit
Customer pay	$	117.2		$	111.6		$	5.6	5	%
Warranty	38.2			34.4			3.8		11	%
Wholesale parts	8.8			9.7			(0.9)		(9)	%
Internal, sublet and other	56.6			53.9			2.7		5	%
Total gross profit	$	220.8		$	209.6		$	11.2	5	%
Gross profit as a % of revenue
Customer pay	56.3		%	55.6		%	70		bps
Warranty	59.6		%	58.7		%	90		bps
Wholesale parts	17.6		%	17.8		%	(20)		bps
Internal, sublet and other	48.2		%	49.0		%	(80)		bps
Total gross profit as a % of revenue	50.2		%	49.5		%	70		bps

34

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our Franchised Dealerships Segment same store Fixed Operations results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions)
Same store Fixed Operations:
Revenue
Customer pay	$	207.5		$	198.3		$	9.2	5	%
Warranty	63.8			57.3			6.5		11	%
Wholesale parts	50.5			53.8			(3.3)		(6)	%
Internal, sublet and other	116.8			108.4			8.4		8	%
Total revenue	$	438.6		$	417.8		$	20.8	5	%
Gross profit
Customer pay	$	116.7		$	110.4		$	6.3	6	%
Warranty	38.0			33.7			4.3		13	%
Wholesale parts	8.9			9.6			(0.7)		(7)	%
Internal, sublet and other	56.0			52.6			3.4		6	%
Total gross profit	$	219.6		$	206.3		$	13.3	6	%
Gross profit as a % of revenue
Customer pay	56.3		%	55.6		%	70		bps
Warranty	59.6		%	58.8		%	80		bps
Wholesale parts	17.6		%	17.8		%	(20)		bps
Internal, sublet and other	47.9		%	48.5		%	(60)		bps
Total gross profit as a % of revenue	50.1		%	49.4		%	70		bps

Same Store Franchised Dealerships Segment Fixed Operations – Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

Fixed Operations revenue increased approximately $20.8 million, or 5%, and Fixed Operations gross profit increased approximately $13.3 million, or 6%. Customer pay gross profit increased approximately $6.3 million, or 6%, warranty gross profit increased approximately $4.3 million, or 13%, wholesale parts gross profit decreased approximately $0.7 million, or 7%, and internal, sublet and other gross profit increased approximately $3.4 million, or 6%. As consumer activity and vehicle miles driven have continued to improve from pandemic-induced lows in early 2020, we have experienced a recovery in Fixed Operations activity (in particular, related to customer pay repairs), and are currently operating above pre-pandemic levels and expect to continue to see growth in Fixed Operations revenues and gross profit throughout 2024.

35

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

F&I – Franchised Dealerships Segment

The following table provides a reconciliation of Franchised Dealerships Segment reported basis and same store basis for F&I:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Total F&I revenue:
Same store	$	119.3	$	115.3	$	4.0	3	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	0.3		1.8		(1.5)		NM
Total as reported	$	119.6	$	117.1	$	2.5	2	%
Total F&I gross profit per retail unit (excludes fleet):
Same store	$	2,350	$	2,370	$	(20)	(1)	%
Reported	$	2,348	$	2,360	$	(12)	(1)	%
Total combined retail new and used vehicle unit sales:
Same store	50,777		48,654		2,123		4	%
Acquisitions, open points, dispositions and holding company	186		992		(806)		NM
Total as reported	50,963		49,646		1,317		3	%

NM = Not Meaningful

Our Franchised Dealerships Segment reported F&I results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Reported F&I:
Revenue	$	119.6	$	117.1	$	2.5	2	%
Total combined retail new and used vehicle unit sales	50,963		49,646		1,317		3	%
Gross profit per retail unit (excludes fleet)	$	2,348	$	2,360	$	(12)	(1)	%

Our Franchised Dealerships Segment same store F&I results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Same store F&I:
Revenue	$	119.3	$	115.3	$	4.0	4	%
Total combined retail new and used vehicle unit sales	50,777		48,654		2,123		4	%
Gross profit per retail unit (excludes fleet)	$	2,350	$	2,370	$	(20)	(1)	%

Same Store Franchised Dealerships Segment F&I – Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

F&I revenue increased approximately $4.0 million, or 4%, due primarily to an increase in total combined retail new and used vehicle unit sales volume, offset partially by a 1% decrease in F&I gross profit per retail unit. F&I gross profit per retail unit decreased $20 per unit to $2,350 per unit, due primarily to a decrease in the other aftermarket contract penetration rate.

36

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Finance contract revenue for combined retail new and used vehicles remained flat year over year, due primarily to a 240-basis point increase in the finance contract penetration rate offset by a 7% decrease in gross profit per finance contract. Service contract revenue for combined retail new and used vehicles increased 18%, due primarily to an 11% increase in gross profit per service contract and a 100-basis point increase in the service contract penetration rate. Other aftermarket contract revenue for combined retail new and used vehicles increased 7%, due primarily to an 8% increase in gross profit per other aftermarket contract, partially offset by a 670-basis point decrease in the other aftermarket contract penetration rate.

Results of Operations – EchoPark Segment

All currently operating EchoPark stores in a local geographic market are included within the same market group as of the first full month following the first anniversary of the market’s opening or acquisition. Same market results may vary significantly from reported results due to the closure of stores that are no longer included in same market results.

On June 22, 2023, Sonic announced a plan to indefinitely suspend operations at eight EchoPark locations and 14 related delivery/buy centers. In addition, during the third quarter of 2023, we closed three Northwest Motorsport locations within the EchoPark Segment. In January 2024, we closed the remaining seven Northwest Motorsport stores. In light of these closures, we believe the following discussion of EchoPark Segment results on a same market basis provides a meaningful year-over-year comparison.

Used Vehicles and F&I – EchoPark Segment

Our EchoPark operating strategy focuses on maximizing total used vehicle-related gross profit (based on a combination of retail used vehicle unit sales volume, front-end retail used vehicle gross profit (loss) per unit and F&I gross profit per retail unit) rather than realizing traditional levels of front-end retail used vehicle gross profit per unit. As such, we believe the best per unit measure of gross profit performance at our EchoPark stores is a combined total gross profit (loss) per retail unit, which includes both front-end retail used vehicle gross profit (loss) and F&I gross profit per retail unit sold. See the discussion under the heading “Results of Operations - Consolidated” for additional discussion of the macro drivers of used vehicle revenues and F&I revenues.

All Fixed Operations activity at our EchoPark stores supports our used vehicle inventory reconditioning operations and EchoPark stores do not currently perform customer pay repairs or maintenance work and are not permitted to perform manufacturer-paid warranty repairs. As such, reconditioning amounts that are classified as Fixed Operations revenues and cost of sales in our Franchised Dealerships Segment are presented as used vehicle cost of sales for the EchoPark Segment.

The following table provides a reconciliation of EchoPark Segment reported basis, same market basis and closed market basis for retail used vehicles:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit data)
Total retail used vehicle revenue:
Same market	$	473.2	$	433.7	$	39.5	9	%
Closed stores	9.7		138.8		(129.1)		NM
Total as reported	$	482.9	$	572.5	$	(89.6)	(16)	%
Total retail used vehicle gross profit (loss):
Same market	$	5.6	$	(9.8)	$	15.4	157	%
Closed stores	(0.3)		(2.0)		1.7		NM
Total as reported	$	5.3	$	(11.8)	$	17.1	145	%
Total retail used vehicle unit sales:
Same market	17,618		15,551		2,067		13	%
Closed stores	363		4,429		(4,066)		NM
Total as reported	17,981		19,980		(1,999)		(10)	%
NM = Not Meaningful

37

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table provides a reconciliation of EchoPark Segment reported basis, same market basis and closed market basis for F&I:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions)
Total F&I revenue:
Same market	$	47.5	$	38.3	$	9.2	24	%
Closed stores	0.4		11.7		(11.3)		NM
Total as reported	$	47.9	$	50.0	$	(2.1)	(4)	%
NM = Not Meaningful

Our EchoPark Segment reported retail used vehicle and F&I results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Reported retail used vehicle and F&I:
Retail used vehicle revenue	$	482.9	$	572.5	$	(89.6)	(16)	%
Retail used vehicle gross profit (loss)	$	5.3	$	(11.8)	$	17.1	150	%
Retail used vehicle unit sales	17,981		19,980		(1,999)		(10)	%
Retail used vehicle revenue per unit	$	26,854	$	28,653	$	(1,799)	(6)	%
F&I revenue	$	47.9	$	50.0	$	(2.1)	(4)	%
Combined retail used vehicle gross profit and F&I revenue	$	53.2	$	38.2	$	15.0	39	%
Combined retail used vehicle and F&I gross profit per unit	$	2,955	$	1,906	$	1,049	55	%

Our EchoPark Segment same market retail used vehicle and F&I results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Same market retail used vehicle and F&I:
Retail used vehicle revenue	$	473.2	$	433.7	$	39.5	9	%
Retail used vehicle gross profit (loss)	$	5.6	$	(9.8)	$	15.4	157	%
Retail used vehicle unit sales	17,618		15,551		2,067		13	%
Retail used vehicle revenue per unit	$	26,859	$	27,889	$	(1,030)	(4)	%
F&I revenue	$	47.5	$	38.3	$	9.2	24	%
Combined retail used vehicle gross profit and F&I revenue	$	53.1	$	28.5	$	24.6	86	%
Combined retail used vehicle and F&I gross profit per unit	$	3,018	$	1,833	$	1,185	65	%

Same Market EchoPark Segment Retail Used Vehicles and F&I – Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

Retail used vehicle revenue increased approximately $39.5 million, or 9%, due primarily to a 13% increase in retail used vehicle unit sales volume, offset partially by a 4% decrease in retail used vehicle revenue per unit. Combined retail used vehicle gross profit and F&I revenue increased approximately $24.6 million, or 86%, due primarily to a $9.2 million, or 24%, increase in F&I revenue. The increase in combined retail used vehicle and F&I gross profit per unit was due primarily to improvement in inventory acquisition cost as a result of lower wholesale auction prices, sourcing a higher percentage of inventory from non-auction sources, and expanding our inventory to include older vehicles, which typically earn a higher gross profit per unit.

38

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Wholesale Vehicles – EchoPark Segment

See the discussion under the heading “Results of Operations – Consolidated” for additional discussion of the macro drivers of wholesale vehicle revenues.

The following table provides a reconciliation of EchoPark Segment reported basis, same market basis and closed market basis for wholesale vehicles:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit data)
Total wholesale vehicle revenue:
Same market	$	25.5	$	17.9	$	7.6	42	%
Closed stores	3.1		9.1		(6.0)		NM
Total as reported	$	28.6	$	27.0	$	1.6	6	%
Total wholesale vehicle gross profit (loss):
Same market	$	0.1	$	1.2	$	(1.1)	(92)	%
Closed stores	(0.7)		(0.1)		(0.6)		NM
Total as reported	$	(0.6)	$	1.1	$	(1.7)	(155)	%
Total wholesale vehicle unit sales:
Same market	2,785		2,119		666		31	%
Closed stores	209		797		(588)		NM
Total as reported	2,994		2,916		78		3	%
NM = Not Meaningful

Our EchoPark Segment reported wholesale vehicle results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Reported wholesale vehicle:
Revenue	$	28.6		$	27.0		$	1.6	6	%
Gross profit (loss)	$	(0.6)		$	1.1		$	(1.7)	(155)	%
Unit sales	2,994			2,916			78		3	%
Revenue per unit	$	9,578		$	9,279		$	299	3	%
Gross profit (loss) per unit	$	(168)		$	427		$	(595)	NM
Gross profit (loss) as a % of revenue	(1.8)		%	4.6		%	(640)		bps
NM = Not Meaningful

39

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our EchoPark Segment same market wholesale vehicle results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Same market wholesale vehicle:
Revenue	$	25.5		$	17.9		$	7.6	42	%
Gross profit (loss)	$	0.1		$	1.2		$	(1.1)	(92)	%
Unit sales	2,785			2,119			666		31	%
Revenue per unit	$	9,155		$	8,475		$	680	8	%
Gross profit (loss) per unit	$	21		$	558		$	(537)	(96)	%
Gross profit (loss) as a % of revenue	0.2		%	6.6		%	(640)		bps

Same Market EchoPark Segment Wholesale Vehicles – Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

Same market wholesale vehicle revenue increased approximately $7.6 million, or 42%, due primarily to an 8% increase in wholesale vehicle revenue per unit, combined with a 31% increase in wholesale vehicle unit sales volume. As we adjust the inventory mix of nearly new versus older model year vehicles sold at retail going forward, the levels of wholesale vehicle revenue and gross profit may vary.

Results of Operations – Powersports Segment

As a result of acquisitions since the beginning of 2023, the change in reported amounts from period to period may not be indicative of the current or future operational or financial performance of our current group of operating stores. The following discussion of new vehicles, used vehicles, wholesale vehicles, parts, service and collision repair, and finance, insurance and other, net is on a same store basis, except where otherwise noted. Our Powersports Segment results are subject to seasonal variations, such that the second and third quarters are generally expected to contribute higher revenues and segment income than the first and fourth quarters.

New Vehicles – Powersports Segment

The following table provides a reconciliation of Powersports Segment reported basis and same store basis for retail new vehicles:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit data)
Total retail new vehicle revenue:
Same store	$	15.3	$	20.6	$	(5.3)	(26)	%
Acquisitions	0.6		0.2		0.4		NM
Total as reported	$	15.9	$	20.8	$	(4.9)	(24)	%
Total retail new vehicle gross profit:
Same store	$	2.1	$	3.9	$	(1.8)	(46)	%
Acquisitions	0.2		0.1		0.1		NM
Total as reported	$	2.3	$	4.0	$	(1.7)	(43)	%
Total retail new vehicle unit sales:
Same store	828		1,100		(272)		(25)	%
Acquisitions	17		7		10		NM
Total as reported	845		1,107		(262)		(24)	%

NM = Not Meaningful

40

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our Powersports Segment reported retail new vehicle results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Reported retail new vehicle:
Revenue	$	15.9		$	20.8		$	(4.9)	(24)	%
Gross profit	$	2.3		$	4.0		$	(1.7)	(43)	%
Unit sales	845			1,107			(262)		(24)	%
Revenue per unit	$	18,781		$	18,793		$	(12)	—	%
Gross profit per unit	$	2,676		$	3,573		$	(897)	(25)	%
Gross profit as a % of revenue	14.2		%	19.0		%	(480)		bps

Our Powersports Segment same store retail new vehicle results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Same store retail new vehicle:
Revenue	$	15.3		$	20.6		$	(5.3)	(26)	%
Gross profit	$	2.1		$	3.9		$	(1.8)	(46)	%
Unit sales	828			1,100			(272)		(25)	%
Revenue per unit	$	18,512		$	18,740		$	(228)	(1)	%
Gross profit per unit	$	2,553		$	3,549		$	(996)	(28)	%
Gross profit as a % of revenue	13.8		%	18.9		%	(510)		bps

Same Store Powersports Segment Retail New Vehicles – Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

Retail new vehicle revenue decreased 26%, due primarily to a 25% decrease in retail new vehicle unit sales volume and a 1% decrease in retail new vehicle average selling prices. Retail new vehicle gross profit decreased approximately $1.8 million, or 46%, as a result of lower retail new vehicle unit sales volume and lower retail new vehicle gross profit per unit. Retail new vehicle gross profit per unit decreased $996 per unit, or 28%, to $2,553 per unit, due primarily to higher inventory invoice cost and changes in brand mix.

41

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Used Vehicles – Powersports Segment

The following table provides a reconciliation of Powersports Segment reported basis and same store basis for retail used vehicles:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit data)
Retail used vehicle revenue:
Same store	$	2.7	$	4.3	$	(1.6)	(37)	%
Acquisitions	0.7		0.5		0.2		NM
Total as reported	$	3.4	$	4.8	$	(1.4)	(29)	%
Retail used vehicle gross profit:
Same store	$	0.7	$	0.9	$	(0.2)	(22)	%
Acquisitions	0.2		0.1		0.1		NM
Total as reported	$	0.9	$	1.0	$	(0.1)	(10)	%
Retail used vehicle unit sales:
Same store	336		401		(65)		(16)	%
Acquisitions	73		43		30		NM
Total as reported	409		444		(35)		(8)	%
NM = Not Meaningful

Our Powersports Segment reported retail used vehicle results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Reported retail used vehicle:
Revenue	$	3.4		$	4.8		$	(1.4)	(30)	%
Gross profit	$	0.9		$	1.0		$	(0.1)	(10)	%
Unit sales	409			444			(35)		(8)	%
Revenue per unit	$	8,238		$	10,864		$	(2,626)	(24)	%
Gross profit per unit	$	2,185		$	2,328		$	(143)	(6)	%
Gross profit as a % of revenue	26.5		%	21.4		%	510		bps

42

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our Powersports Segment same store retail used vehicle results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Same store retail used vehicle:
Revenue	$	2.7		$	4.3		$	(1.6)	(37)	%
Gross profit	$	0.7		$	0.9		$	(0.2)	(22)	%
Unit sales	336			401			(65)		(16)	%
Revenue per unit	$	8,180		$	10,805		$	(2,625)	(24)	%
Gross profit per unit	$	2,202		$	2,274		$	(72)	(3)	%
Gross profit as a % of revenue	26.9		%	21.0		%	590		bps

Same Store Powersports Segment Retail Used Vehicles – Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

Retail used vehicle revenue decreased 37%, due primarily to a 24% decrease in retail used vehicle average selling prices and a 16% decrease in retail used vehicle unit sales volume. Retail used vehicle gross profit decreased approximately $0.2 million, or 22%, as a result of lower retail used vehicle unit sales volume and lower retail used vehicle gross profit per unit. Retail used vehicle gross profit per unit decreased $72 per unit, or 3%, to $2,202 per unit, due primarily to lower average retail selling prices.

Wholesale Vehicles – Powersports Segment

The following table provides a reconciliation of Powersports Segment reported basis and same store basis for wholesale vehicles:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit data)
Total wholesale vehicle revenue:
Same store	$	0.3	$	0.1	$	0.2	200	%
Acquisitions	(0.2)		0.1		(0.3)		NM
Total as reported	$	0.1	$	0.2	$	(0.1)	(50)	%
Total wholesale vehicle gross profit (loss):
Same store	$	0.1	$	(0.1)	$	0.2	200	%
Acquisitions	(0.1)		0.1		(0.2)		NM
Total as reported	$	—	$	—	$	—	—	%
Total wholesale vehicle unit sales:
Same store	10		6		4		67	%
Acquisitions	3		1		2		NM
Total as reported	13		7		6		86	%

43

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our Powersports Segment reported wholesale vehicle results were as follows: 

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Reported wholesale vehicle:
Revenue	$	0.1		$	0.2		$	(0.1)	(50)	%
Gross profit (loss)	$	—		$	—		$	—	—	%
Unit sales	13			7			6		86	%
Revenue per unit	$	17,408		$	13,993		$	3,415	24	%
Gross profit (loss) per unit	$	(2,798)		$	(125)		$	(2,673)	NM
Gross profit (loss) as a % of revenue	(16.1)		%	(0.9)		%	(1,520)		bps

Our Powersports Segment same store wholesale vehicle results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Same store wholesale vehicle:
Revenue	$	0.3		$	0.1		$	0.2	200	%
Gross profit (loss)	$	0.1		$	(0.1)		$	0.2	200	%
Unit sales	10			6			4		67	%
Revenue per unit	$	21,755		$	16,075		$	5,680	35	%
Gross profit (loss) per unit	$	(3,637)		$	(145)		$	(3,492)	NM
Gross profit (loss) as a % of revenue	(16.7)		%	(0.9)		%	(1,580)		bps

Same Store Powersports Segment Wholesale Vehicles – Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

Same store wholesale vehicle revenue increased approximately $0.2 million, due to higher wholesale vehicle unit sales volume and higher wholesale vehicle average selling prices. Same store wholesale vehicle gross profit (loss) improved approximately $0.2 million.

44

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Fixed Operations – Powersports Segment

The following table provides a reconciliation of Powersports Segment reported basis and same store basis for Fixed Operations:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions)
Total Fixed Operations revenue:
Same store	$	6.1	$	6.4	$	(0.3)	(5)	%
Acquisitions	0.7		0.3		0.4		NM
Total as reported	$	6.8	$	6.7	$	0.1	1	%
Total Fixed Operations gross profit:
Same store	$	2.8	$	3.2	$	(0.4)	(13)	%
Acquisitions	0.3		0.1		0.2		NM
Total as reported	$	3.1	$	3.3	$	(0.2)	(6)	%

NM = Not Meaningful

Our Powersports Segment reported Fixed Operations results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions)
Reported Fixed Operations:
Revenue
Customer pay	$	1.9		$	2.6		$	(0.7)	(27)	%
Warranty	0.4			0.3			0.1		33	%
Wholesale parts	0.2			0.1			0.1		100	%
Internal, sublet and other	4.3			3.7			0.6		16	%
Total revenue	$	6.8		$	6.7		$	0.1	1	%
Gross profit
Customer pay	$	0.8		$	1.4		$	(0.6)	(43)	%
Warranty	0.3			0.2			0.1		50	%
Wholesale parts	0.1			—			0.1		100	%
Internal, sublet and other	1.9			1.7			0.2		12	%
Total gross profit	$	3.1		$	3.3		$	(0.2)	(6)	%
Gross profit as a % of revenue
Customer pay	43.6		%	55.1		%	(1,150)		bps
Warranty	70.8		%	56.7		%	1,410		bps
Wholesale parts	25.5		%	20.5		%	500		bps
Internal, sublet and other	46.1		%	45.9		%	20		bps
Total gross profit as a % of revenue	46.4		%	48.9		%	(250)		bps

45

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Our Powersports Segment same store Fixed Operations results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions)
Same store Fixed Operations:
Revenue
Customer pay	$	1.7		$	2.5		$	(0.8)	(32)	%
Warranty	0.4			0.3			0.1		33	%
Wholesale parts	0.2			0.1			0.1		100	%
Internal, sublet and other	3.8			3.5			0.3		9	%
Total revenue	$	6.1		$	6.4		$	(0.3)	(5)	%
Gross profit
Customer pay	$	0.7		$	1.4		$	(0.7)	(50)	%
Warranty	0.3			0.2			0.1		50	%
Wholesale parts	0.1			—			0.1		100	%
Internal, sublet and other	1.7			1.6			0.1		6	%
Total gross profit	$	2.8		$	3.2		$	(0.4)	(13)	%
Gross profit as a % of revenue
Customer pay	42.4		%	55.0		%	(1,260)		bps
Warranty	70.5		%	56.5		%	1,400		bps
Wholesale parts	25.5		%	20.5		%	500		bps
Internal, sublet and other	44.7		%	45.7		%	(100)		bps
Total gross profit as a % of revenue	46.6		%	49.1		%	(250)		bps

Same Store Powersports Segment Fixed Operations – Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

Same store Fixed Operations revenue decreased approximately $0.3 million, or 5%, and same store Fixed Operations gross profit decreased approximately $0.4 million, or 13%, primarily due to lower parts and accessories volume and higher inventory costs of parts and accessories. Same store customer pay revenue decreased approximately $0.8 million, or 32%, and same store customer pay gross profit decreased approximately $0.7 million, or 50%. Same store warranty revenue increased approximately $0.1 million, or 33%, and same store warranty gross profit increased approximately $0.1 million, or 50%. Same store wholesale parts revenue increased approximately $0.1 million, or 100%, and same store wholesale parts gross profit increased approximately $0.1 million, or 100%. Same store internal, sublet and other revenue increased approximately $0.3 million, or 9%, and same store internal, sublet and other gross profit increased approximately $0.1 million, or 6%.

46

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

F&I – Powersports Segment

The following table provides a reconciliation of Powersports Segment reported basis and same store basis for F&I:

	Three Months Ended March 31,		Better / (Worse)
	2024	2023	Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Total F&I revenue:
Same store	1.4	1.5	$	(0.1)	(7)	%
Acquisitions	0.1	—	0.1		NM
Total as reported	1.5	1.5	$	—	—	%
Total F&I gross profit per retail unit (excludes fleet):
Same store	1,225	981	$	244	25	%
Reported	1,197	980	$	217	22	%
Total combined retail new and used vehicle unit sales:
Same store	1,164	1,501	(337)		(22)	%
Acquisitions	90	50	40		NM
Total as reported	1,254	1,551	(297)		(19)	%

NM = Not Meaningful

Our Powersports Segment reported F&I results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Reported F&I:
Revenue	$	1.5	$	1.5	$	—	—	%
Total combined retail new and used vehicle unit sales	1,254		1,551		(297)		(19)	%
Gross profit per retail unit (excludes fleet)	$	1,197	$	980	$	217	22	%

Our Powersports Segment same store F&I results were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit and per unit data)
Same store F&I:
Revenue	$	1.4	$	1.5	$	(0.1)	(7)	%
Total combined retail new and used vehicle unit sales	1,164		1,501		$	(337)	(22)	%
Gross profit per retail unit (excludes fleet)	$	1,225	$	981	$	244	25	%

47

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Same Store Powersports Segment F&I – Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

Same store F&I revenue decreased approximately $0.1 million, or 7%, primarily due to a 22% decrease in retail new and used vehicle unit sales volume. Same store F&I gross profit per retail unit increased $244 per unit, or 25%, to $1,225 per unit, primarily due to an increase in gross profit per other aftermarket contract. Same store finance contract revenue decreased 13%, primarily due to lower retail new and used vehicle unit sales volume, offset partially by a 350-basis point increase in the combined new and used vehicle finance contract penetration rate. Same store service contract revenue decreased 8%, primarily due to a 12% decrease in retail new and used vehicle service contract unit sales volume, offset partially by a 6% increase in gross profit per service contract and a 380-basis point increase in the service contract penetration rate. Same store other aftermarket contract revenue increased 12%, driven primarily by a 48% increase in gross profit per other aftermarket contract and a 110-basis point increase in the other aftermarket contract penetration rate, offset partially by a 24% decrease in retail new and used vehicle unit sales volume.

48

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Segment Results Summary

In the following table of financial data, total segment income (loss) (defined as income (loss) before taxes and impairment charges for each reportable segment) of the reportable segments is reconciled to consolidated income (loss) before taxes and impairment charges. See above for tables and discussion of results by reportable segment.

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions, except unit data)
Segment Revenues:
Franchised Dealerships Segment revenues:
Retail new vehicles	$	1,439.9	$	1,421.0	$	18.9	1	%
Fleet new vehicles	19.6		18.8		0.8		4	%
Total new vehicles	$	1,459.5	$	1,439.8	$	19.7	1	%
Used vehicles	729.3		767.6		(38.3)		(5)	%
Wholesale vehicles	48.6		58.4		(9.8)		(17)	%
Parts, service and collision repair	439.9		423.8		16.1		4	%
Finance, insurance and other, net	119.6		117.1		2.5		2	%
Franchised Dealerships Segment revenues	$	2,796.9	$	2,806.7	$	(9.8)	—	%
EchoPark Segment revenues:
Retail new vehicles	$	—	$	1.0	$	(1.0)	(100)	%
Used vehicles	482.9		572.5		(89.6)		(16)	%
Wholesale vehicles	28.6		27.0		1.6		6	%
Finance, insurance and other, net	47.9		50.0		(2.1)		(4)	%
EchoPark Segment revenues	$	559.4	$	650.5	$	(91.1)	(14)	%
Powersports Segment revenues:
Retail new vehicles	$	15.9	$	20.8	$	(4.9)	(24)	%
Used vehicles	3.4		4.8		(1.4)		(29)	%
Wholesale vehicles	0.1		0.2		(0.1)		(50)	%
Parts, service and collision repair	6.8		6.7		0.1		1	%
Finance, insurance and other, net	1.5		1.5		—		—	%
Powersports Segment revenues	$	27.7	$	34.0	$	(6.3)	(19)	%
Total consolidated revenues	$	3,384.0	$	3,491.2	$	(107.2)	(3)	%
Segment Income (Loss) (1):
Franchised Dealerships Segment (2)	$	62.7	$	109.8	$	(47.1)	(43)	%
EchoPark Segment (3)	(2.9)		(46.8)		43.9		94	%
Powersports Segment	(2.3)		0.6		(2.9)		(483)	%
Total segment income (loss)	$	57.5	$	63.6	$	(6.1)	(10)	%
Impairment charges (4)	(1.0)		—		(1.0)		(100)	%
Income (loss) before taxes	$	56.5	$	63.6	$	(7.1)	(11)	%
Segment Retail New and Used Vehicle Unit Sales Volume:
Franchised Dealerships Segment	50,963		49,646		1,317		3	%
EchoPark Segment	17,981		19,991		(2,010)		(10)	%
Powersports Segment	1,254		1,551		(297)		(19)	%
Total retail new and used vehicle unit sales volume	70,198		71,188		(990)		(1)	%

49

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

(1)Segment income (loss) for each segment is defined as income (loss) before taxes and impairment charges.

(2)For the three months ended March 31, 2024, amount includes approximately $2.2 million of pre-tax charges for severance and long-term compensation expense and approximately $1.0 million of pre-tax impairment charges related to property and equipment.

(3)For the three months ended March 31, 2024, amount includes approximately $2.1 million of pre-tax charges for severance and long-term compensation expense and approximately $2.1 million of pre-tax charges related to closed store accrued expenses related to the indefinite suspension of operations at certain EchoPark locations. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, amount includes approximately $2.0 million of pre-tax charges for long-term compensation expense.

(4)For the three months ended March 31, 2024, amount includes approximately $1.0 million of pre-tax property and equipment charges for the Franchised Dealerships Segment.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses – Consolidated

Consolidated SG&A expenses are comprised of four major groups: compensation expense, advertising expense, rent expense and other expense. Compensation expense primarily relates to store personnel who are paid a commission or a salary plus commission and support personnel who are generally paid a fixed salary. Commissions paid to store personnel typically vary depending on gross profits realized and sales volume objectives. Due to the salary component for certain store and corporate personnel, gross profits and compensation expense do not change in direct proportion to one another. Advertising expense and other expense vary based on the level of actual or anticipated business activity and the number of dealerships in operation. Rent expense typically varies with the number of store locations owned, investments made for facility improvements and interest rates. Other expense includes various fixed and variable expenses, including gain on the disposal of franchises, certain customer-related costs such as gasoline and service loaners, and insurance, training, legal and information technology expenses, which may not change in proportion to gross profit levels. Typically, SG&A expenses as a percentage of gross profit are highest in the first quarter of the year, due to the seasonal nature of our business and the effects of certain payroll taxes and fringe benefits that occur early in the year.

The following table sets forth information related to our consolidated reported SG&A expenses:

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Better / (Worse)
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
	(In millions)
SG&A expenses:
Compensation	$	247.3		$	258.8		$	11.5	4	%
Advertising	22.3			26.1			3.8		15	%
Rent	9.3			11.3			2.0		18	%
Other	113.3			116.6			3.3		3	%
Total SG&A expenses	$	392.2		$	412.8		$	20.6	5	%
SG&A expenses as a % of gross profit:
Compensation	46.1		%	46.7		%	60		bps
Advertising	4.2		%	4.7		%	50		bps
Rent	1.7		%	2.0		%	30		bps
Other	21.1		%	21.2		%	10		bps
Total SG&A expenses as a % of gross profit	73.1		%	74.6		%	150		bps

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

Overall SG&A expenses decreased in both dollar amount and as a percentage of gross profit, primarily due to the closure of certain EchoPark and Northwest Motorsport locations since the first quarter of 2023. Compensation expense decreased in both dollar amount and as a percentage of gross profit. Advertising expense decreased in both dollar amount and as a percentage of gross profit, as a result of adapting our advertising spending to current retail automotive market conditions, including higher inventory availability and lower new vehicle gross profit levels. Rent expense decreased in both dollar amount and as a percentage of gross profit, primarily due to the purchase of several properties that were previously leased and the closure of stores in the EchoPark Segment. Other SG&A expenses decreased in both dollar amount and as a percentage of gross profit, primarily due to a decrease of $9.7 million in building maintenance.

50

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

SG&A expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 included approximately $2.2 million of pre-tax charges for severance and long-term compensation expense and approximately $1.0 million of pre-tax impairment charges related to property and equipment for the Franchised Dealerships Segment. For the EchoPark Segment, SG&A expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 also included approximately $2.1 million of pre-tax charges for severance and long-term compensation expense and approximately $2.1 million of pre-tax charges related to closed store accrued expenses in connection with the indefinite suspension of operations at certain EchoPark locations. SG&A expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023, amount includes approximately $2.0 million of pre-tax charges for long-term compensation expense.

Impairment Charges – Consolidated

Impairment charges were approximately $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, related to capitalized information technology project costs that were abandoned when we closed the remaining Northwest Motorsport stores in January 2024. There were no impairment charges for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Depreciation and Amortization – Consolidated

Depreciation and amortization expense increased approximately $2.0 million, or 6%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, due primarily to acquisitions and completed construction projects and purchases of fixed assets for use in our franchised dealerships and EchoPark and powersports stores.

Interest Expense, Floor Plan – Consolidated

We typically maintain a floor plan deposit balance (as shown in the table below under the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources”) that earns interest income based on the floor plan interest rate, effectively reducing the net used vehicle floor plan interest expense. The below discussion of interest expense, floor plan includes the effect of interest income earned on the floor plan deposit balance, unless otherwise noted. Our interest expense, floor plan fluctuates with changes in our outstanding borrowing and associated interest rates, which are variable based on SOFR or the U.S. prime rate, plus a credit spread.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2023

Interest expense, floor plan for new vehicles increased approximately $6.8 million. The average interest rate applied to the new vehicle floor plan increased in the three months ended March 31, 2024, resulting in $5.5 million of the overall increase. The average new vehicle floor plan notes payable balance increased approximately $102.9 million, which resulted in $1.3 million of the overall increase.

Interest expense, floor plan for used vehicles decreased approximately $1.1 million including the effect of interest income earned on the floor plan deposit balance, which contributed to $0.5 million of this decrease. Excluding the effect of interest income earned on the floor plan deposit balance, interest expense, floor plan for used vehicles decreased approximately $0.6 million. Excluding the effect of interest income earned on the floor plan deposit balance, the average interest rate applied to the used vehicle floor plan decreased in the three months ended March 31, 2024, driving $0.8 million of the overall decrease. The average used vehicle floor plan notes payable balance increased approximately $10.0 million, which increased used vehicle floor plan interest expense by approximately $0.2 million.

51

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Interest Expense, Other, Net – Consolidated

Interest expense, other, net is summarized in the table below:

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Better / (Worse)
	2024		2023		Change		% Change
	(In millions)
Stated/coupon interest	$	22.5	$	22.7	$	0.2	1	%
Deferred loan cost amortization	1.6		1.6		—		—	%
Interest rate hedge expense (benefit)	0.2		0.4		0.2		50	%
Capitalized interest	(0.6)		(0.6)		—		—	%
Interest on finance lease liabilities	5.3		4.2		(1.1)		(26)	%
Other interest	—		0.1		0.1		100	%
Total interest expense, other, net	$	29.0	$	28.4	$	(0.6)	(2)	%

Interest expense, other, net increased approximately $0.6 million, or 2%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase was primarily related to higher interest on finance lease liabilities as a result of a rising interest rate environment.

Income Taxes

The overall effective income tax rate was 27.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 25.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Sonic’s effective income tax rate varies from year to year based on the level of taxable income, the distribution of taxable income between states in which the Company operates and other tax adjustments.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We require cash to service debt, meet lease obligations, manage working capital requirements, make facility and other capital improvements, pay dividends on our common stock, finance acquisitions and otherwise invest in our business. We rely on cash flows from operations, borrowings under our revolving credit and floor plan borrowing arrangements, real estate mortgage financing, asset sales and offerings of debt and equity securities to meet these requirements. However, our liquidity could be negatively affected by business performance and could result in failure to comply with the financial covenants in our existing debt obligations or lease arrangements. After giving effect to the applicable restrictions on the payment of dividends under our debt agreements, as of March 31, 2024, we had approximately $264.1 million of net income and retained earnings free of such restrictions. Cash flows provided by our dealerships are derived from various sources. The primary sources include individual consumers, automobile manufacturers, automobile manufacturers’ captive finance subsidiaries and other financial institutions. Disruptions in these cash flows could have a material adverse impact on our operations and overall liquidity.

Because the majority of our consolidated assets are held by our dealership subsidiaries, the majority of our cash flows from operations are generated by these subsidiaries. As a result, our cash flows and our ability to service our obligations depend to a substantial degree on the results of operations of these subsidiaries, their contractual obligations and capital requirements, and their ability to provide us with cash.

We had the following liquidity resources available as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15.1	$	28.9
Floor plan deposit balance	320.0		345.0
Availability under the Revolving Credit Facility	338.5		298.6
Availability under the Mortgage Facility	173.0		173.0
Total available liquidity resources	$	846.6	$	845.5

We maintain a floor plan deposit balance (as shown in the table above) that offsets interest based on the agreed upon floor plan interest rate, effectively reducing the net used vehicle floor plan interest expense with the lender. This deposit balance is not designated as a prepayment of notes payable - floor plan, nor is it our intent to use this amount to offset principal amounts owed under notes payable - floor plan in the future, although we have the right and ability to do so. The deposit balances of $320.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and $345.0 million as of December 31, 2023 are classified as other current assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

52

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Floor Plan Facilities

We finance all of our new and certain of our used vehicle inventory through standardized floor plan facilities with: (1) certain manufacturer captive finance companies (classified as notes payable - floor plan - trade in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets) and (2) a syndicate of manufacturer-affiliated captive finance companies and commercial banks (classified as notes payable - floor plan - non-trade in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets). These floor plan facilities are due on demand and currently bear interest at variable rates based on either one-month Term SOFR or prime plus an additional spread, as applicable. The weighted-average interest rate for our combined new and used vehicle floor plan facilities was 5.82% and 4.53% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Excluding the effect of interest income earned on the floor plan deposit balance, the weighted-average interest rate for our combined new and used vehicle floor plan facilities was 7.14% and 5.82% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

We receive floor plan assistance in the form of direct payments or credits from certain manufacturers. Floor plan assistance received is capitalized in inventory and recorded as a reduction of cost of sales when the associated inventory is sold. We received approximately $14.4 million and $12.7 million in manufacturer assistance in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We recognized in cost of sales approximately $15.0 million and $13.1 million in manufacturer assistance in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Interest payments under each of our floor plan facilities are due monthly and we are generally not required to make principal repayments prior to the sale of the associated vehicles.

Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities

See Note 6, “Long-Term Debt,” to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our long-term debt, mortgage notes and credit facilities and compliance with debt covenants.

Capital Expenditures

Our capital expenditures include the purchase of land and buildings, the construction of new franchised dealerships, EchoPark and powersports stores and collision repair centers, building improvements and equipment purchased for use in our franchised dealerships and EchoPark and powersports stores. We selectively construct new or improve existing franchised dealership facilities to maintain compliance with manufacturers’ image requirements. We typically finance these projects through cash flows from operations, new mortgages or our credit facilities.

Capital expenditures in the three months ended March 31, 2024 were approximately $43.8 million, including approximately $43.0 million related to our Franchised Dealerships Segment, approximately $0.4 million related to our EchoPark Segment and approximately $0.4 million related to our Powersports Segment. Of the total capital expenditures, approximately $32.0 million was related to facility construction projects, approximately $1.4 million was related to acquisitions of real estate (land and buildings) and approximately $10.4 million was for other fixed assets utilized in our operations.

All of the $43.8 million in gross capital expenditures in the three months ended March 31, 2024 was funded through existing cash balances. As of March 31, 2024, commitments for facility construction projects totaled approximately $28.3 million, nearly all of which is expected to be completed in the next 12 months.

Share Repurchase Program

Our Board of Directors has authorized us to repurchase shares of our Class A Common Stock. Historically, we have used our share repurchase authorization to offset dilution caused by the exercise of stock options or the vesting of equity compensation awards and to maintain our desired capital structure. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we repurchased approximately 0.5 million shares of our Class A Common Stock for approximately $27.0 million in open-market transactions at prevailing market prices and in connection with tax withholding on the vesting of equity compensation awards. As of March 31, 2024, our total remaining share repurchase authorization was approximately $259.7 million. Under the Credit Facilities, share repurchases are permitted to the extent that no Event of Default exists and we do not exceed the restrictions set forth in our debt agreements. After giving effect to the applicable restrictions on share repurchases and certain other transactions under our debt agreements, as of March 31, 2024, we had approximately $264.1 million of net income and retained earnings free of such restrictions.

Our share repurchase activity is subject to the business judgment of our Board of Directors and management, taking into consideration our historical and projected results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, capital requirements and covenant compliance, the current economic environment and other factors considered by our Board of Directors and management to be relevant. These factors are considered each quarter and will be scrutinized as our Board of Directors and management determine our share repurchase policy in the future.

53

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Dividends

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, our Board of Directors approved a cash dividend of $0.30 per share on all outstanding shares of Class A and Class B Common Stock as of March 15, 2024, which was paid on April 15, 2024. Subsequent to March 31, 2024, our Board of Directors approved a cash dividend of $0.30 per share on all outstanding shares of Class A and Class B Common Stock as of June 14, 2024 to be paid on July 15, 2024. The Credit Facilities permits quarterly cash dividends on our Class A and Class B Common Stock up to $0.18 per share so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and provided that we remain in compliance with all financial covenants under the Credit Facilities. Additional dividends are permitted subject to the limitations on restricted payments set forth in the Credit Facilities. The 2029 Indenture and the 2031 Indenture also contain restrictions on our ability to pay dividends. After giving effect to the applicable restrictions on share repurchases and certain other transactions under our debt agreements, as of March 31, 2024, we had approximately $264.1 million of net income and retained earnings free of such restrictions. The declaration and payment of any future dividend is subject to the business judgment of our Board of Directors, taking into consideration our historical and projected results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, capital requirements and covenant compliance, share repurchases, the current economic environment and other factors considered by our Board of Directors to be relevant. These factors are considered each quarter and will be scrutinized as our Board of Directors determines our dividend policy in the future. There is no guarantee that additional dividends will be declared and paid at any time in the future. See Note 6, “Long-Term Debt,” to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for a description of restrictions on the payment of dividends.

Cash Flows

Cash Flows from Operating Activities – Net cash provided by operating activities in the three months ended March 31, 2024 was approximately $70.1 million. This provision of cash was comprised primarily of net income less non-cash items, a decrease in receivables, and an increase in trade accounts payable and other liabilities, offset partially by an increase in inventories and a decrease in notes payable – floor plan – trade. Net cash used in operating activities in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was approximately $34.0 million. This use of cash was comprised primarily of an increase in inventories, offset partially by net income less non-cash items, a decrease in receivables and an increase in trade accounts payable and other liabilities.

We arrange our inventory floor plan financing through both manufacturer captive finance companies and a syndicate of manufacturer-affiliated finance companies and commercial banks. Our floor plan financed with manufacturer captives is recorded in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as notes payable - floor plan - trade (with the change in balance being reflected in operating cash flows). Our dealerships that obtain floor plan financing from a syndicate of manufacturer-affiliated finance companies and commercial banks record their obligation in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as notes payable - floor plan - non-trade (with the change in balance being reflected in financing cash flows).

Due to the presentation differences for changes in trade floor plan financing and non-trade floor plan financing in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, decisions made by us to move dealership floor plan financing arrangements from one finance source to another may cause significant variations in operating and financing cash flows without affecting our overall liquidity, working capital or cash flows. Upon entering into the Floor Plan Facilities in April 2021, the majority of our outstanding floor plan liabilities were reclassified from trade floor plan liabilities to non-trade floor plan liabilities, resulting in a significant reclassification of related floor plan liability cash flows from operating activities to financing activities.

Net cash provided by combined trade and non-trade floor plan financing was approximately $13.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024. Net cash provided by combined trade and non-trade floor plan financing was approximately $193.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023. Accordingly, if all changes in floor plan notes payable were classified as an operating activity (to align changes in floor plan liability balances with the associated changes in inventory balances for cash flow classification), the result would have been net cash provided by operating activities of approximately $91.2 million and $154.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities – Net cash used in investing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2024 was approximately $39.4 million. This use of cash was comprised primarily of the purchase of land, property and equipment, partially offset by the proceeds from the sale of land, property and equipment. Net cash used in investing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was approximately $107.5 million. This use of cash was comprised primarily of the purchase of a powersports business (including real property), net of cash acquired, and the purchase of land, property and equipment.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities – Net cash used in financing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2024 was approximately $44.5 million. This use of cash was comprised primarily of purchases of treasury stock and payments on long-term debt. Net cash provided by financing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was approximately $72.5

54

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

million. This provision of cash was comprised primarily of net borrowings on notes payable – floor plan – non-trade, offset partially by purchases of treasury stock and payments on long-term debt.

One metric that management uses to measure operating performance is Adjusted EBITDA (a non-GAAP financial measure) for each of the Company’s reportable segments and on a consolidated basis. We believe Adjusted EBITDA enables our operating performance to be compared across reporting periods on a consistent basis by excluding non-floor plan financing costs, non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, and impairment charges, and other items that may affect the comparability of reporting periods, including, but not limited to, gains or losses from acquisitions or dispositions, facility exit costs, severance and long-term compensation charges, and storm damage charges. This non-GAAP financial measure is reconciled to net income (loss) (the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure) in the table below:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024								Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Franchised Dealerships Segment		EchoPark Segment		Powersports Segment		Total		Franchised Dealerships Segment		EchoPark Segment		Powersports Segment		Total
	(In millions)
Net income							$	42.0							$	47.7
Provision for income taxes							15.5								15.9
Income (loss) before taxes	$	62.7	$	(2.9)	$	(2.3)	$	57.5	$	109.8	$	(46.8)	$	0.6	$	63.6
Non-floor plan interest (1)	26.3		0.6		0.5		27.4		25.4		0.9		0.6		26.9
Depreciation & amortization (2)	31.5		5.4		1.0		37.9		28.2		7.0		0.7		35.9
Stock-based compensation expense	4.4		—		—		4.4		5.0		—		—		5.0
Impairment charges	1.0		—		—		1.0		—		—		—		—
Severance and long-term compensation charges	2.2		2.1		—		4.3		—		2.0		—		2.0
Closed store accrued expenses	—		2.1		—		2.1		—		—		—		—
Adjusted EBITDA (3)	$	128.1	$	7.3	$	(0.8)	$	134.6	$	168.4	$	(36.9)	$	1.9	$	133.4

(1)Includes the following line items from the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations, net of any amortization of debt issuance costs or net debt discount/premium included in footnote (2) below: interest expense, other, net.

(2)Includes the following line items from the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows: depreciation and amortization of property and equipment; debt issuance cost amortization; and debt discount amortization, net of premium and other amortization.

(3)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure.

Seasonality

Our operations are subject to seasonal variations. Due in part to our franchised dealerships brand mix and the seasonal nature of automotive retail, the first quarter historically has contributed less operating profit than the second and third quarters, while the fourth quarter historically has contributed the highest operating profit of any quarter. Weather conditions and the timing of manufacturer incentive programs and model changeovers cause seasonality and may adversely affect vehicle demand and, consequently, our profitability. Comparatively, parts and service demand has historically remained stable throughout the year.

Future Liquidity Outlook

We believe our best sources of liquidity for operations and debt service remain cash flows generated from operations combined with the availability of borrowings under our floor plan facilities (or any replacements thereof), the Credit Facilities (or any replacements thereof), the Mortgage Facility (or any replacements thereof) and real estate mortgage financing, selected dealership and other asset sales and our ability to raise funds in the capital markets through offerings of debt or equity securities. Because the majority of our consolidated assets are held by our dealership subsidiaries, the majority of our cash flows from operations are generated by these subsidiaries. As a result, our cash flows and our ability to service our obligations depend to a substantial degree on the results of operations of these subsidiaries, their contractual obligations and capital requirements, and their ability to provide us with cash.

We do not currently anticipate any materially negative changes to our cost of, or access to, capital over the next 12 months.

55

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Guarantees and Indemnification Obligations

In connection with the operation and disposition of our dealerships, we have entered into various guarantees and indemnification obligations. When we sell dealerships, we attempt to assign any related lease to the buyer of the dealership to eliminate any future liability. However, if we are unable to assign the related leases to the buyer, we will attempt to sublease the leased properties to the buyer at a rate equal to the terms of the original leases. In the event we are unable to sublease the properties to the buyer with terms at least equal to our leases, we may be required to record lease exit accruals. As of March 31, 2024, our future gross minimum lease payments related to properties subleased to buyers of sold dealerships totaled approximately $6.4 million. Future sublease payments expected to be received related to these lease payments were approximately $6.2 million at March 31, 2024.

In accordance with the terms of agreements entered into for the sale of our dealerships, we generally agree to indemnify the buyer from certain liabilities and costs arising subsequent to the date of sale, including environmental exposure and exposure resulting from the breach of representations or warranties made in accordance with the agreements. While our exposure with respect to environmental remediation is difficult to quantify, our maximum exposure associated with these general indemnifications was approximately $8.0 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. These indemnifications typically expire within a period of one to three years following the date of sale. The estimated fair value of these indemnifications was not material and the amount recorded for this contingency was not significant at March 31, 2024.

We also guarantee the floor plan commitments of our 50%-owned joint venture, and the amount of such guarantee at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was approximately $4.3 million. We expect the aggregate amount of the obligations we guarantee to fluctuate based on dealership disposition activity. Although we seek to mitigate our exposure in connection with these matters, these guarantees and indemnification obligations, including environmental exposures and the financial performance of lease assignees and sublessees, cannot be predicted with certainty. An unfavorable resolution of one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and capital resources. See Note 7, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and Note 12, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for further discussion regarding these guarantees and indemnification obligations.

56

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Interest Rate Risk

Our variable rate floor plan facilities, the Revolving Credit Facility, the Mortgage Facility and our other variable rate notes expose us to risks caused by fluctuations in the applicable interest rates. The total net outstanding balance of such variable instruments, after considering the effect of outstanding cash flow hedge instruments, was approximately $1.7 billion at March 31, 2024. Based on that amount along with the notional value of interest rate caps in place on that date, a decrease of 100 basis points in the underlying interest rates would have reduced interest expense by approximately $3.8 million while a 100-basis point increase in rates would have resulted in approximately $2.8 million of additional interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Of those changes, approximately $2.9 million of the decrease and approximately $1.8 million of the increase would have resulted from the floor plan, net of offset. The difference between the increases and decreases results from the mitigating effect of the interest rate caps.

57

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures – Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of March 31, 2024. Based upon that evaluation, our CEO and our CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting – There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance that the objectives of the control system are met and may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, any evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting in future periods is subject to risk that those internal controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

58

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

For information regarding legal proceedings, see the discussion under the heading “Legal Matters” in Note 7, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

59

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those included in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

60

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

The following table sets forth information about the shares of Class A Common Stock we repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2024:

	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
	(In millions, except per share data)
January 2024	—	$	—	—	$	285.8
February 2024	0.2	$	54.61	0.2	$	276.2
March 2024	0.3	$	52.68	0.3	$	259.7
Total	0.5			0.5

(1)On July 28, 2022, we announced that our Board of Directors had increased the dollar amount authorized for us to repurchase shares of our Class A Common Stock pursuant to our share repurchase program. Our share repurchase program does not have an expiration date and current remaining availability under the program is as follows:

	(In millions)
July 2022 authorization	$	500.0
Total active program repurchases prior to March 31, 2024	(240.3)
Current remaining availability as of March 31, 2024	$	259.7

See “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for additional discussion of restrictions on share repurchases and payment of dividends.

61

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

Item 5. Other Information.

Insider Trading Arrangements

On February 26, 2024, Jeff Dyke, Sonic’s President and a director, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act. Mr. Dyke’s trading plan, which has a duration of one year commencing upon the expiration of the applicable mandatory cooling-off period under Rule 10b5-1, provides for the sale of up to 31,734 shares of Sonic’s Class A Common Stock, subject to volume and pricing limits.

On February 26, 2024, Heath R. Byrd, Sonic’s Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act. Mr. Byrd’s trading plan, which will commence on May 28, 2024 and expire on February 28, 2025, provides for the sale of up to 22,307 shares of Sonic’s Class A Common Stock, subject to volume and pricing limits.

None of our other directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted, modified or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K) during the quarter ended March 31, 2024.

62

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit No.	Description
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Sonic Automotive, Inc., dated August 7, 1997 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (File No. 001-13395)).
3.2	Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Class A Convertible Preferred Stock, dated March 20, 1998 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017 (File No. 001-13395)).
3.3	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Sonic Automotive, Inc., dated June 16, 1999 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017 (File No. 001-13395)).
3.4	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Sonic Automotive, Inc., dated April 18, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017 (File No. 001-13395)).
3.5	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Sonic Automotive, Inc., dated May 3, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed June 8, 2021 (File No. 333-256891)).
3.6	Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Sonic Automotive, Inc., dated May 16, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023 (File No. 001-13395))
3.7	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Sonic Automotive, Inc., dated February 10, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 12, 2021 (File No. 001-13395)).
10.1	Sixth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 13, 2024, among Sonic Automotive, Inc.; the subsidiaries of Sonic Automotive, Inc. named therein; each lender a party thereto; and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, revolving swing line lender, new vehicle swing line lender, used vehicle swing line lender, l/c issuer and a lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 19, 2024 (File No. 001-13395)).
10.2	Fifth Amended and Restated Company Guaranty Agreement, dated as of March 13, 2024, by Sonic Automotive, Inc. to Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent for each of the lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 19, 2024 (File No. 001-13395)).
10.3	Sixth Amended and Restated Subsidiary Guaranty Agreement, dated as of March 13, 2024, by the subsidiaries of Sonic Automotive, Inc. named therein, as guarantors, to Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent for each of the lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 19, 2024 (File No. 001-13395)).
10.4	Sixth Amended and Restated Securities Pledge Agreement, dated as of March 13, 2024, among Sonic Automotive, Inc., the subsidiaries of Sonic Automotive, Inc. named therein and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent for each of the lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 19, 2024 (File No. 001-13395)).
10.5	Sixth Amended and Restated Escrow and Security Agreement, dated as of March 13, 2024, among Sonic Automotive, Inc., the subsidiaries of Sonic Automotive, Inc. named therein and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent for each of the lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 19, 2024 (File No. 001-13395)).
10.6	Sixth Amended and Restated Security Agreement, dated as of March 13, 2024, among Sonic Automotive, Inc., the subsidiaries of Sonic Automotive, Inc. named therein and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent for each of the lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 19, 2024 (File No. 001-13395)).
10.7	Fifth Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of March 22, 2024, among Sonic Automotive, Inc.; the subsidiaries of Sonic Automotive, Inc. named therein; each financial institution party thereto; and PNC Bank, National Association, as administrative agent and a lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 27, 2024 (File No. 001-13395)).
31.1*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

______________________________

*Filed herewith.

**Furnished herewith

63

SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.
April 25, 2024	By:	/s/ DAVID BRUTON SMITH
		David Bruton Smith
		Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
April 25, 2024	By:	/s/ HEATH R. BYRD
		Heath R. Byrd
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

64

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Heath R. Byrd, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Sonic Automotive, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

April 25, 2024
By:	/s/ HEATH R. BYRD
	Heath R. Byrd
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, David Bruton Smith, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Sonic Automotive, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

April 25, 2024
By:	/s/ DAVID BRUTON SMITH
	David Bruton Smith
	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Sonic Automotive, Inc. (the Company) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), I, Heath R. Byrd, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ HEATH R. BYRD

Heath R. Byrd

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

April 25, 2024

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Sonic Automotive, Inc. (the Company) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), I, David Bruton Smith, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ DAVID BRUTON SMITH

David Bruton Smith

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

April 25, 2024

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Apr. 27, 2022
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	SONIC AUTOMOTIVE, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001043509
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Document Type	10-Q
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Trading Symbol	SAH
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
City Area Code	(704)
Entity Address, Address Line One	4401 Colwick Road
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	28211
Entity Tax Identification Number	56-2010790
Local Phone Number	566-2400
Entity File Number	1-13395
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Address, City or Town	Charlotte,
Entity Address, State or Province	NC
Document Quarterly Report	true
Class A Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		21,861,771
Class B common stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		12,029,375

XML

Details	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Document Transition Report	false
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 3,384,000,000	$ 3,491,200,000
Cost of Sales:
Cost of Sales	(2,847,800,000)	(2,937,700,000)
Gross profit	536,200,000	553,500,000
Selling, general and administrative expenses	(392,200,000)	(412,800,000)
Impairment charges	(1,000,000.0)	0
Depreciation and amortization	(36,300,000)	(34,300,000)
Operating income (loss)	106,700,000	106,400,000
Other income (expense):
Interest expense, floor plan	(20,300,000)	(14,600,000)
Interest expense, other, net	(29,000,000.0)	(28,400,000)
Other income (expense), net	100,000	200,000
Total other income (expense)	(49,200,000)	(42,800,000)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes	57,500,000	63,600,000
Provision for income taxes for continuing operations - benefit (expense)	(15,500,000)	(15,900,000)
Discontinued operations:
Net income (loss)	$ 42,000,000.0	$ 47,700,000
Basic earnings (loss) per common share:
Earnings (loss) per common share (usd per share)	$ 1.24	$ 1.33
Weighted average common shares outstanding	34,000	35,900
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
Earnings (loss) per common share (usd per share)	$ 1.20	$ 1.29
Weighted average common shares outstanding	34,900	36,900
Total vehicles
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 2,768,300,000	$ 2,892,100,000
Cost of Sales:
Cost of Sales	(2,625,000,000)	(2,720,100,000)
New vehicles
Revenues:
Revenues	1,475,400,000	1,461,600,000
Cost of Sales:
Cost of Sales	(1,378,300,000)	(1,322,600,000)
Used vehicles
Revenues:
Revenues	1,215,600,000	1,344,900,000
Cost of Sales:
Cost of Sales	(1,168,600,000)	(1,314,900,000)
Wholesale vehicles
Revenues:
Revenues	77,300,000	85,600,000
Cost of Sales:
Cost of Sales	(78,100,000)	(82,600,000)
Retail New Vehicles [Member]
Revenues:
Revenues	1,455,800,000	1,442,800,000
Cost of Sales:
Cost of Sales	(1,359,400,000)	(1,304,700,000)
Fleet New Vehicles [Member]
Revenues:
Revenues	19,600,000	18,800,000
Cost of Sales:
Cost of Sales	(18,900,000)	(17,900,000)
Parts, service and collision repair
Revenues:
Revenues	446,700,000	430,500,000
Cost of Sales:
Cost of Sales	(222,800,000)	(217,600,000)
Finance, insurance and other, net
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 169,000,000.0	$ 168,600,000

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	$ 42,000	$ 47,700
Other comprehensive income (loss) before taxes:
Change in fair value of interest rate swap and interest rate cap agreements	700	(100)
Total other comprehensive income (loss) before taxes	700	(100)
Provision for income tax benefit (expense) related to components of other comprehensive income (loss)	(200)	0
Other comprehensive income (loss)	500	(100)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ 42,500	$ 47,600

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 15,100	$ 28,900
Receivables, net	420,600	528,100
Inventories	1,700,500	1,578,300
Other current assets	374,800	385,100
Total current assets	2,511,000	2,520,400
Property and Equipment, net	1,598,800	1,601,000
Goodwill	253,800	253,800
Other Intangible Assets, net	417,400	417,400
Right-of-use asset	207,100	222,600
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, after Accumulated Amortization	306,500	236,600
Other Assets	113,000	112,800
Total Assets	5,407,600	5,364,600
Current Liabilities:
Notes payable - floor plan - trade	144,400	152,100
Notes payable - floor plan - non-trade	1,516,700	1,520,600
Trade accounts payable	143,900	149,800
Operating Lease, Liability, Current	27,600	29,900
Finance Lease, Liability, Current	10,700	10,200
Other accrued liabilities	388,400	370,200
Current maturities of long-term debt	68,000	60,100
Total current liabilities	2,299,700	2,292,900
Long-Term Debt	1,583,400	1,616,500
Other Long-Term Liabilities	88,900	89,600
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent	204,000	219,200
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent	327,200	254,500
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders' Equity:
Class A convertible preferred stock, none issued	0	0
Paid-in capital	862,600	855,400
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	1,270,400	1,238,600
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	2,100	1,600
Treasury stock, at cost; 33,476,159 Class A common stock shares held at September 30, 2018 and 32,290,493 Class A common stock shares held at December 31, 2017	(1,231,500)	(1,204,500)
Total Stockholders' Equity	904,400	891,900
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	5,407,600	5,364,600
Class A Common Stock
Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock, value	$ 700	$ 700
Treasury Stock, Common, Shares	47,186,399	46,686,608
Class B common stock
Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock, value	$ 100	$ 100

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Convertible preferred stock issued	0	0
Class A Common Stock
Common stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	69,047,806	68,618,393
Common stock, shares outstanding	21,861,407	21,931,785
Class B common stock
Common stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	30,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	12,029,375

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Class A Common Stock	Class A Common Stock Common Stock	Class A Common Stock Retained Earnings	Class A Common Stock Treasury Stock, Common	Class B Common Stock	Class B Common Stock Common Stock	Class B Common Stock Retained Earnings
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 895,200	$ 819,400	$ 1,100,300	$ 1,600		$ 700		$ (1,026,900)		$ 100
Beginning balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2022						67,600		43,400		12,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Shares awarded under stock compensation plan	7,600	7,600				$ 0
Shares awarded under stock compensation plan (shares)						700
Purchase of treasury stock	(90,700)							$ (90,700)
Purchases of treasury stock (shares)								(1,600)
Change in fair value of interest rate swap and interest rate cap agreements, net of tax expense of $1,563	(100)			(100)
Restricted stock amortization	5,000	5,000
Net income (loss)	47,700		47,700
Dividends, Common Stock					$ 6,500		$ 6,500		$ 3,400		$ 3,400
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	854,800	832,000	1,138,100	1,500		$ 700		$ (1,117,600)		$ 100
Ending balance (shares) at Mar. 31, 2023						68,300		45,000		12,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Dividends declared per common share (usd per share)					$ 0.30				$ 0.30
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	1,238,600
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023	891,900	855,400	1,238,600	1,600		$ 700		$ (1,204,500)		$ 100
Beginning balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2023						68,600		46,700		12,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Shares awarded under stock compensation plan	600	600				$ 0
Shares awarded under stock compensation plan (shares)						400
Purchase of treasury stock	(27,000)							$ (27,000)
Purchases of treasury stock (shares)								(500)
Change in fair value of interest rate swap and interest rate cap agreements, net of tax expense of $1,563	500			500
Restricted stock amortization	6,600
Net income (loss)	42,000		42,000
Dividends, Common Stock					$ 6,600		$ 6,600		$ 3,600		$ 3,600
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024	904,400	862,600	$ 1,270,400	$ 2,100		$ 700		$ (1,231,500)		$ 100
Ending balance (shares) at Mar. 31, 2024						69,000		47,200		12,000
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Dividends declared per common share (usd per share)					$ 0.28				$ 0.28
APIC, Share-based Payment Arrangement, Increase for Cost Recognition		$ 6,600
Tax effect on fair value of interest rate swap and rate cap agreements	(200)
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	$ 1,270,400

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Tax effect on fair value of interest rate swap and rate cap agreements	$ (200)

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income (loss)	$ 42,000	$ 47,700
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment	31,500	30,000
Debt issuance cost amortization	1,600	1,600
Stock-based compensation expense	6,600	5,000
Deferred income taxes	(3,700)	(3,300)
Asset impairment charges	1,000	0
Loss (gain) on disposal of dealerships and property and equipment	1,500	100
Other	1,000	600
Changes in assets and liabilities that relate to operations:
Receivables	107,300	87,500
Inventories	(122,200)	(234,600)
Other assets	6,100	4,200
Notes payable - floor plan - trade	(7,700)	4,200
Trade accounts payable and other liabilities	5,100	23,000
Total adjustments	28,100	(81,700)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	70,100	(34,000)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of businesses, net of cash acquired	0	(75,100)
Purchases of land, property and equipment	(43,800)	(37,200)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment	4,400	4,800
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(39,400)	(107,500)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net (repayments) borrowings on notes payable - floor plan - non-trade	(21,100)	188,800
Borrowings on revolving credit facilities	15,600	0
Repayments on revolving credit facilities	(15,600)	0
Debt issuance costs	4,900	(1,300)
Principal payments and repurchase of long-term debt	(22,000)	(19,500)
Purchases of treasury stock	(27,000)	(90,700)
Finance Lease, Principal Payments	2,100	2,200
Issuance of shares under stock compensation plans	600	7,600
Dividends paid	(10,200)	(10,200)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(44,500)	72,500
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(13,800)	(69,000)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR	28,900	229,200
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD	15,100	160,200
Cash paid (received) during the period for:
Interest, including amount capitalized	34,300	26,500
Income taxes	$ (200)	$ (400)

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Tax effect on fair value of interest rate swap and rate cap agreements	$ 200	$ 0

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Per Share Data and Stockholders' Equity

Earnings Per Share – The calculation of diluted earnings per share considers the potential dilutive effect of outstanding restricted stock units, restricted stock and stock options granted under Sonic’s stock compensation plans (and any non-forfeitable dividends paid on such awards).

Revenue from Contract with Customer

Revenue Recognition – Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services and in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We do not include the cost of obtaining contracts within the related revenue streams since we elected the practical expedient to expense the costs to obtain a contract when incurred.

Management has evaluated our established business processes, revenue transaction streams and accounting policies, and identified our material revenue streams to be: (1) the sale of new vehicles; (2) the sale of used vehicles to retail customers; (3) the sale of wholesale used vehicles at third-party auctions; (4) the arrangement of third-party vehicle financing and the sale of third-party service, warranty and other insurance contracts; and (5) the performance of vehicle maintenance and repair services and the sale of related parts and accessories. The transaction price for a retail vehicle sale is specified in the contract with the customer and encompasses both cash and non-cash considerations. In the context of a retail vehicle sale, customers frequently trade in their existing vehicles. The value of this trade-in is determined based on its stand-alone selling price as specified in the contract, utilizing various third-party pricing sources. There are no other non-cash forms of consideration associated with retail vehicle sales, and sales are reported net of sales tax and other similar assets. Generally, performance obligations are satisfied when the associated vehicle is delivered to a customer and customer acceptance has occurred, over time as the maintenance and repair services are performed, or at the time of wholesale and retail parts sales. We do not have any revenue streams with significant financing components, as payments are typically received within a short period of time following completion of the performance obligation(s).

Retrospective finance and insurance revenues (“F&I retro revenues”) are recognized when the product contract has been executed with the end customer and the transaction price is estimated each reporting period based on the expected value method using historical and projected data. F&I retro revenues can vary based on a variety of factors, including number of contracts and history of cancellations and claims. Accordingly, we utilize this historical and projected data to constrain the consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.

We record revenue when vehicles are delivered to customers, as vehicle service work is performed and when parts are delivered. Conditions for completing a sale include having an agreement with the customer, including pricing, and it being probable that the proceeds from the sale will be collected.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 include approximately $3.7 million and $31.8 million, respectively, related to contract assets from F&I retro revenues recognition, which are recorded in receivables, net. In addition, we recorded approximately $19.8 million related to contract assets from F&I retro revenues recognition in other assets as of March 31, 2024. Changes in contract assets from December 31, 2023 to March 31, 2024 were primarily due to ordinary business activity, including the receipt of cash for amounts earned and recognized in prior periods. Please refer to Note 1, “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to the consolidated financial statements in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for further discussion of our revenue recognition policies and processes.

Error Correction

XML

Inventories

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
New vehicles	$	938.5	$	799.6
Used vehicles	481.5		505.7
Service loaners (1)	177.8		172.7
Parts, accessories and other	102.7		100.3
Inventories	$	1,700.5	$	1,578.3

XML

Property and Equipment	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and Equipment	Assets held for sale as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of real property not currently used in operations that we expect to dispose of in the next 12 months.

XML

Long-Term Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

6.125 Note Text Block [Text Block]

On October 27, 2021, we issued $650.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.625% Notes, which will mature on November 15, 2029. Sonic used the net proceeds from the issuance of the 4.625% Notes, along with the net proceeds of the 4.875% Notes, to fund the acquisition of RFJ Auto Partners, Inc. and its subsidiaries completed in December 2021 (“RFJ Acquisition”) and to repay existing debt.

The 4.625% Notes were issued under an Indenture, dated as of October 27, 2021 (the “2029 Indenture”), by and among the Company, certain subsidiary guarantors named therein (collectively, the “Guarantors”) and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “trustee”). The 4.625% Notes are unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis initially by all of the Company’s domestic operating subsidiaries. The parent company has no independent assets or operations. The non-domestic operating subsidiary that is not a guarantor is considered minor. Under certain circumstances set forth in the 2029 Indenture, the guarantees of the certain subsidiaries of the Company comprising the EchoPark Business (as defined in the 2029 Indenture) may be released. The 2029 Indenture also provides substantial flexibility for the Company to enter into fundamental transactions involving the EchoPark Business. The 2029 Indenture provides that interest on the 4.625% Notes will be payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year beginning May 15, 2022. The 2029 Indenture also contains other restrictive covenants and default provisions common for an issue of senior notes of this nature. The 4.625% Notes are redeemable by the Company under certain circumstances. For further discussion of the 4.625% Notes, see Note 6, “Long-Term Debt,” to the consolidated financial statements in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

4.875% Notes

On October 27, 2021, we issued $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.875% Notes, which will mature on November 15, 2031. Sonic used the net proceeds from the issuance of the 4.875% Notes, along with the net proceeds of the 4.625% Notes, to fund the RFJ Acquisition and to repay existing debt.

The 4.875% Notes were issued under an Indenture, dated as of October 27, 2021 (the “2031 Indenture”), by and among the Company, the Guarantors and the trustee. The 4.875% Notes are unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis initially by all of the Company’s domestic operating subsidiaries. The parent company has no independent assets or operations. The non-domestic operating subsidiary that is not a guarantor is considered minor. Under certain circumstances set forth in the 2031 Indenture, the guarantees of the certain subsidiaries of the Company comprising the EchoPark Business (as defined in the 2031 Indenture) may be released. The 2031 Indenture also provides substantial flexibility for the Company to enter into fundamental transactions involving the Echo-Park Business. The 2031 Indenture provides that interest on the 4.875% Notes will be payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year beginning May 15, 2022. The 2031 Indenture also contains other restrictive covenants and default provisions common for an issue of senior notes of this nature. The 4.875% Notes are redeemable by the Company under certain circumstances. For further discussion of the 4.875% Notes, see Note 6, “Long-Term Debt,” to the consolidated financial statements in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

2019 Mortgage Facility Text Block [Text Block]

Mortgage Facility

On November 22, 2019, we entered into a delayed draw-term loan credit agreement, which was scheduled to mature on November 22, 2024 (the “Mortgage Facility”). On October 11, 2021, we entered into an amendment to the Mortgage Facility to permit the consummation of the RFJ Acquisition and the issuance of the 4.625% Notes and the 4.875% Notes. On November 17, 2022, we entered into an amendment to the Mortgage Facility to, among other things, extend the scheduled maturity date to November 17, 2027.

On November 17, 2022, in connection with the closing of the Fourth Mortgage Facility Amendment, the Company incurred a $320.0 million term loan, with a portion of the proceeds used to repay the entire $77.6 million principal amount of a prior term loan. The $320.0 million borrowing amortizes on a fixed schedule through the maturity date. In addition, the lenders under the Mortgage Facility committed to providing, upon the terms set forth in the Fourth Mortgage Facility Amendment and upon the pledging of sufficient collateral by the Company, delayed draw-term loans in an aggregate principal amount up to $85.0 million (the “Delayed Draw Credit Facility”) and revolving loans in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $95.0 million. Based on this, the aggregate commitments of the lenders under the Mortgage Facility equaled a total of $500.0 million, after satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Mortgage Facility, including the appraisal and pledging of collateral of a specified value. The Fourth Mortgage Facility Amendment also (i) replaced the Mortgage Facility’s LIBOR-based Eurodollar reference interest rate option one-month Term SOFR (as defined in the Mortgage Facility); and (ii) made changes to the pricing grid for loans incurred under the Mortgage Facility, specifying credit spreads based on the Company’s Consolidated Total Lease Adjusted Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Mortgage Facility). As permitted by this amendment, the Company incurred a term loan under the Delayed Draw Credit Facility with a principal amount of $7.0 million on November 18, 2022.

On March 22, 2024, we entered into an amendment to the Mortgage Facility (the “Fifth Mortgage Facility Amendment”) to conform to the terms of the Sixth Credit Facility Amendment including (i) adding certain specified share exchange transactions as permitted restricted payments and dispositions; (ii) removing the requirement that the Company maintain a specified consolidated liquidity ratio; and (iii) increasing the basket for quarterly dividends from $0.12 to $0.18 per share of qualified capital stock.

As of March 31, 2024, we had $307.0 million of outstanding borrowings and $173.0 million available under the Mortgage Facility.

Interest on the Mortgage Facility is paid monthly in arrears. Amortizing principal payments are scheduled to be $4.0 million per quarter from the quarter ending March 31, 2023 through the quarter ending December 31, 2024 and $6.0 million per quarter from the quarter ending March 31, 2025 through the quarter ending September 30, 2027 with the remaining balance due on the November 17, 2027 maturity date. The Company has the right to prepay outstanding principal at any time without premium or penalty provided the prepayment amount exceeds $0.5 million.

For further discussion of the Mortgage Facility, see Note 6, “Long-Term Debt,” to the consolidated financial statements in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Mortgage Notes Text Block [Text Block]

Mortgage Notes to Finance Companies

As of March 31, 2024, the weighted-average interest rate of our other outstanding mortgage notes (excluding the Mortgage Facility) was 5.20% and the total outstanding mortgage principal balance of these notes (excluding the Mortgage Facility) was approximately $220.8 million. These mortgage notes require monthly payments of principal and interest through their respective maturities, are secured by the underlying properties and contain certain cross-default provisions. Maturity dates for these mortgage notes range from 2024 to 2033.

2020 Line of Credit Text Block [Text Block]

XML

Per Share Data and Stockholders' Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Per Share Data and Stockholders' Equity

Earnings Per Share – The calculation of diluted earnings per share considers the potential dilutive effect of outstanding restricted stock units, restricted stock and stock options granted under Sonic’s stock compensation plans (and any non-forfeitable dividends paid on such awards).

XML

Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments Contingencies and Guarantees

Commitments and Contingencies

Guarantees and Indemnification Obligations

In accordance with the terms of our operating lease agreements, our dealership subsidiaries, acting as lessees, generally agree to indemnify the lessor from certain exposure arising as a result of the use of the leased premises, including environmental exposure and repairs to leased property upon termination of the lease. In addition, we have generally agreed to indemnify the lessor in the event of a breach of the lease by the lessee.

In connection with dealership dispositions and facility relocations, certain of our subsidiaries have assigned or sublet to the buyer their interests in real property leases associated with such dealerships. In general, the subsidiaries retain responsibility for the performance of certain obligations under such leases, including rent payments and repairs to leased property upon termination of the lease, to the extent that the assignee or the sublessee does not perform. In the event an assignee or a sublessee does not perform its obligations, Sonic remains liable for such obligations.

In accordance with the terms of agreements entered into for the sale of our dealerships, we generally agree to indemnify the buyer from certain liabilities and costs arising subsequent to the date of sale, including environmental exposure and exposure resulting from the breach of representations or warranties made in accordance with the agreements. While our exposure with respect to environmental remediation is difficult to quantify, our maximum exposure associated with these general indemnifications was approximately $8.0 million as of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. These indemnifications typically expire within a period of one to three years following the date of sale. The estimated fair value of these indemnifications was not material and the amount recorded for this contingency was not significant at March 31, 2024.

We also guarantee the floor plan commitments of our 50%-owned joint venture, and the amount of such guarantee at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was approximately $4.3 million.

Legal Matters

Sonic is involved, and expects to continue to be involved, in various legal and administrative proceedings arising out of the conduct of its business, including regulatory investigations and private civil actions brought by plaintiffs purporting to represent a potential class or for which a class has been certified. Although Sonic is unable to predict with certainty the outcome of any litigation, regulatory investigation or inquiry, in the opinion of management, Sonic does not believe it is reasonably possible that its current and threatened legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on Sonic’s business, financial position or consolidated results of operations. Given the inherent unpredictability of these types of proceedings, however, it is possible that future adverse outcomes could have a material adverse effect on Sonic’s financial results.

There were no significant liabilities recorded related to legal matters as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

XML

Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

8. Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

	Fair Value Based on Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Assets:
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies (1)	$	43.9	$	42.9
Interest rate caps designated as hedges (2)	1.1		1.0
Total assets	$	45.0	$	43.9

(1)Included in other assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)As of March 31, 2024, approximately $1.1 million was included in other current assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2023, approximately $1.0 million was included in other current assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair values of Sonic’s financial instruments, including receivables, notes receivable from finance contracts, notes payable – floor plan, trade accounts payable, borrowings under the revolving credit facilities and certain mortgage notes, approximated their carrying values due either to length of maturity or existence of variable interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value and the carrying value of Sonic’s significant fixed rate long-term debt were as follows:

	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value
	(In millions)
4.875% Notes (1)	$	435.0	$	500.0	$	447.5	$	500.0
4.625% Notes (1)	$	578.5	$	650.0	$	591.5	$	650.0
Mortgage Notes (2)	$	147.1	$	152.8	$	156.6	$	163.0

(1)As determined by market quotations from similar securities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (Level 2).

(2)As determined by the discounted cash flow method (Level 2).

For further discussion of Sonic’s fair value measurements, see Note 11, “Fair Value Measurements,” to the consolidated financial statements in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

XML

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

For further discussion of Sonic’s accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), see Note 13, “Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss),” to the consolidated financial statements in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. For further discussion of Sonic’s defined benefit pension plan, see Note 10, “Employee Benefit Plans,” to the consolidated financial statements in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

XML

Segment Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

9. Segment Information

As of March 31, 2024, Sonic had three operating segments: (1) retail automotive franchises that sell new vehicles and buy and sell used vehicles, sell replacement parts, perform vehicle maintenance, warranty and repair services, and arrange finance and insurance products (the “Franchised Dealerships Segment”); (2) pre-owned vehicle specialty retail locations that provide guests an opportunity to search our nationwide inventory, purchase a pre-owned vehicle, select finance and insurance products and sell their current vehicle to us (the “EchoPark Segment”); and (3) retail locations that sell new and used powersports vehicles, perform vehicle maintenance, warranty and repair services, and arrange finance and insurance products (the “Powersports Segment”). Sonic has determined that its operating segments also represent its reportable segments.

The reportable segments identified above are the business activities of Sonic for which discrete financial information is available and for which operating results are regularly reviewed by Sonic’s chief operating decision maker to assess operating performance and allocate resources. Sonic’s chief operating decision maker is a group of three individuals consisting of: (1) the Company’s Chief Executive Officer; (2) the Company’s President; and (3) the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.

Reportable segment financial information for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Segment Revenues:
Franchised Dealerships Segment revenues:
Retail new vehicles	$	1,439.9	$	1,421.0
Fleet new vehicles	19.6		18.8
Total new vehicles	1,459.5		1,439.8
Used vehicles	729.3		767.6
Wholesale vehicles	48.6		58.4
Parts, service and collision repair	439.9		423.8
Finance, insurance and other, net	119.6		117.1
Franchised Dealerships Segment revenues	$	2,796.9	$	2,806.7
EchoPark Segment revenues:
Retail new vehicles	$	—	$	1.0
Used vehicles	482.9		572.5
Wholesale vehicles	28.6		27.0
Finance, insurance and other, net	47.9		50.0
EchoPark Segment revenues	$	559.4	$	650.5
Powersports Segment revenues:
Retail new vehicles	$	15.9	$	20.8
Used vehicles	3.4		4.8
Wholesale vehicles	0.1		0.2
Parts, service and collision repair	6.8		6.7
Finance, insurance and other, net	1.5		1.5
Powersports Segment revenues	$	27.7	$	34.0
Total consolidated revenues	$	3,384.0	$	3,491.2

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Segment Income (Loss) (1):
Franchised Dealerships Segment (2)	$	62.7	$	109.8
EchoPark Segment (3)	(2.9)		(46.8)
Powersports Segment	(2.3)		0.6
Total segment income	$	57.5	$	63.6
Impairment charges (4)	(1.0)		—
Income before taxes	$	56.5	$	63.6

(1)Segment income (loss) for each segment is defined as income (loss) before taxes and impairment charges.

(2)For the three months ended March 31, 2024, amount includes approximately $2.2 million of pre-tax charges for severance and long-term compensation expense and approximately $1.0 million of pre-tax impairment charges related to property and equipment.

(3)For the three months ended March 31, 2024, amount includes approximately $2.1 million of pre-tax charges for severance and long-term compensation expense and approximately $2.1 million of pre-tax charges related to closed store accrued expenses related to the indefinite suspension of operations at certain EchoPark locations. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, amount includes approximately $2.0 million of pre-tax charges for long-term compensation expense.

(4)For the three months ended March 31, 2024, amount includes approximately $1.0 million of pre-tax property and equipment charges for the Franchised Dealerships Segment.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Segment Impairment Charges:
Franchised Dealerships Segment	$	1.0	$	—
EchoPark Segment	—		—
Powersports Segment	—		—
Total impairment charges	$	1.0	$	—

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Segment Depreciation and Amortization:
Franchised Dealerships Segment	$	29.8	$	26.5
EchoPark Segment	5.5		7.0
Powersports Segment	1.0		0.8
Total depreciation and amortization	$	36.3	$	34.3

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Segment Floor Plan Interest Expense:
Franchised Dealerships Segment	$	16.0	$	9.9
EchoPark Segment	3.8		4.6
Powersports Segment	0.5		0.1
Total floor plan interest expense	$	20.3	$	14.6

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Segment Interest Expense, Other, Net:
Franchised Dealerships Segment	$	27.8	$	26.9
EchoPark Segment	0.7		0.9
Powersports Segment	0.5		0.6
Total interest expense, other, net	$	29.0	$	28.4

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Segment Capital Expenditures:
Franchised Dealerships Segment	$	43.0	$	31.0
EchoPark Segment	0.4		5.7
Powersports Segment	0.4		0.5
Total capital expenditures	$	43.8	$	37.2

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Segment Assets:
Franchised Dealerships Segment	$	4,214.1	$	4,110.8
EchoPark Segment	638.2		667.9
Powersports Segment	220.2		212.0
Corporate and other:
Cash and cash equivalents	15.1		28.9
Floor plan deposit balance	320.0		345.0
Total assets	$	5,407.6	$	5,364.6

XML

Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

10. Subsequent Events

Subsequent to March 31, 2024, we repurchased an additional [ ] shares of Class A Common Stock at an average price of [ ], resulting in current remaining share repurchase authorization of approximately [ ] million.

XML

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income (loss)	$ 42,000	$ 47,700

XML

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	true
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation – The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Sonic Automotive, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to herein as “Sonic,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (the “U.S.”) (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all material normal, recurring adjustments necessary to fairly state the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation – All of our dealership and non-dealership subsidiaries are wholly owned and consolidated in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, except for one 50%-owned dealership that is accounted for under the equity method. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Certain amounts and percentages may not compute due to rounding.

Per Share Data and Stockholders' Equity

Earnings Per Share – The calculation of diluted earnings per share considers the potential dilutive effect of outstanding restricted stock units, restricted stock and stock options granted under Sonic’s stock compensation plans (and any non-forfeitable dividends paid on such awards).

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Unusual Risks and Uncertainties

Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Please refer to Note 1, “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to the consolidated financial statements in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for further discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” The amendments require the disclosure of significant segment expenses as well as expanded interim disclosures, along with other changes to segment disclosure requirements. The standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of the provisions of the ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements.

XML

Inventories (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
New vehicles	$	938.5	$	799.6
Used vehicles	481.5		505.7
Service loaners (1)	177.8		172.7
Parts, accessories and other	102.7		100.3
Inventories	$	1,700.5	$	1,578.3

XML

Property and Equipment (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Components of Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consists of the following:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Land	$	491.9	$	493.0
Buildings and improvements	1,426.3		1,425.8
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	550.5		563.3
Construction in progress	83.5		61.4
Total, at cost	2,552.2		2,543.5
Less accumulated depreciation	(929.2)		(927.8)
Subtotal	1,623.0		1,615.7
Less assets held for sale (1)	(24.2)		(14.7)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,598.8	$	1,601.0

XML

Intangible Assets, Goodwill and Other (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Intangible Assets and Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of franchise assets for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the three months ended March 31, 2024 were as follows:

	Franchised Dealerships Segment		EchoPark Segment		Powersports Segment		Total
	(In millions)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	371.7	$	1.9	$	23.1	$	396.7
Additions through current year acquisitions	—		—		22.6		22.6
Reductions from dispositions	—		(1.9)		—		(1.9)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	371.7	$	—	$	45.7	$	417.4
Additions through current year acquisitions	—		—		—		—
Reductions from dispositions	—		—		—		—
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	371.7	$	—	$	45.7	$	417.4

XML

Long-Term Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following:

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Revolving Credit Facility (1)	$	—	$	—
4.625% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “4.625% Notes”)	650.0		650.0
4.875% Senior Notes due 2031 (the “4.875% Notes”)	500.0		500.0
Mortgage Facility (2)	307.0		311.0
Mortgage notes to finance companies - fixed rate, bearing interest from 2.05% to 7.03%	152.8		163.0
Mortgage notes to finance companies - variable rate, bearing interest at 1.50% to 2.90% above one-month or three-month SOFR	67.9		75.6
Subtotal	$	1,677.7	$	1,699.6
Debt issuance costs	(26.3)		(23.0)
Total debt	1,651.4		1,676.6
Less current maturities	(68.0)		(60.1)
Long-term debt	$	1,583.4	$	1,616.5

(1)The interest rate on the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below) was 125 basis points above one-month Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Facilities) at March 31, 2024 and 125 basis points above one-month Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Facilities) at December 31, 2023.

(2)The interest rate on the Mortgage Facility (as defined below) was 150 basis points above one-month Adjusted Term SOFR at March 31, 2024 and 150 basis points above one-month Term SOFR at December 31, 2023.

Financial Covenants Include Required Specified Ratios

Covenants

The Credit Facilities and the Mortgage Facility contain certain negative covenants, including covenants which could restrict or prohibit indebtedness, liens, the payment of dividends and other restricted payments, capital expenditures and material dispositions and acquisitions of assets, as well as other customary covenants and default provisions. The Credit Facilities and the Mortgage Facility also contain limitations on our ability to pledge assets to third parties, subject to certain stated exceptions.

We were in compliance with the financial covenants under the Credit Facilities and the Mortgage Facility as of March 31, 2024. Financial covenants include required specified ratios (as each is defined in the Credit Facilities and the Mortgage Facility) of:

	Covenant
	Minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio	Maximum Consolidated Total Lease Adjusted Leverage Ratio
Required ratio	1.20	5.75
March 31, 2024 actual	1.94	3.10

The Credit Facilities and the Mortgage Facility contain events of default, including cross defaults to other material indebtedness, change of control events and other events of default customary for syndicated commercial credit facilities. Upon the future occurrence of an event of default, we could be required to immediately repay all outstanding amounts under the Credit Facilities and the Mortgage Facility.

After giving effect to the applicable restrictions on the payment of dividends under our debt agreements, as of March 31, 2024, we had approximately $264.1 million of net income and retained earnings free of such restrictions. We were in compliance with all restrictive covenants under our debt agreements as of March 31, 2024.

In addition, many of our facility leases are governed by a guarantee agreement between the landlord and us that contains financial and operating covenants. The financial covenants under the guarantee agreement are identical to those under the Credit Facilities and the Mortgage Facility with the exception of one additional financial covenant related to the ratio of EBITDAR to Rent (as defined in the guarantee agreement) with a required ratio of no less than 1.50 to 1.00. As of March 31, 2024, the ratio was 11.70 to 1.00.

XML

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

	Fair Value Based on Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Assets:
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies (1)	$	43.9	$	42.9
Interest rate caps designated as hedges (2)	1.1		1.0
Total assets	$	45.0	$	43.9

(1)Included in other assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)As of March 31, 2024, approximately $1.1 million was included in other current assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2023, approximately $1.0 million was included in other current assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Fair Value and Carrying Value of Significant Fixed Rate Long-Term Debt

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the fair value and the carrying value of Sonic’s significant fixed rate long-term debt were as follows:

	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value
	(In millions)
4.875% Notes (1)	$	435.0	$	500.0	$	447.5	$	500.0
4.625% Notes (1)	$	578.5	$	650.0	$	591.5	$	650.0
Mortgage Notes (2)	$	147.1	$	152.8	$	156.6	$	163.0

(1)As determined by market quotations from similar securities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively (Level 2).

(2)As determined by the discounted cash flow method (Level 2).

XML

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Summary of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

For further discussion of Sonic’s accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), see Note 13, “Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss),” to the consolidated financial statements in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. For further discussion of Sonic’s defined benefit pension plan, see Note 10, “Employee Benefit Plans,” to the consolidated financial statements in Sonic’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

XML

Leases, Codification Topic 842 (Tables) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Lease, Cost [Abstract]
Finance Lease, Principal Payments	$ 2,100	$ 2,200
Leases [Abstract]
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, after Accumulated Amortization	306,500		$ 236,600
Operating Lease, Liability, Current	27,600		29,900
Finance Lease, Liability, Current	10,700		10,200
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent	204,000		219,200
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent	$ 327,200		$ 254,500

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Cumulative Effect of Adjustments for Adoption of ASC 606 (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 3,384,000,000	$ 3,491,200,000
Cost of Sales:
Cost of Sales	(2,847,800,000)	(2,937,700,000)
Operating income (loss)	106,700,000	106,400,000
Assets:
Receivables, net	420,600,000		$ 528,100,000
Liabilities:
Other accrued liabilities	388,400,000		370,200,000
Stockholders' Equity:
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)	1,270,400,000		1,238,600,000
Parts, service and collision repair
Revenues:
Revenues	446,700,000	430,500,000
Cost of Sales:
Cost of Sales	(222,800,000)	(217,600,000)
Finance, insurance and other, net
Revenues:
Revenues	169,000,000.0	$ 168,600,000
ASU 2014-09 | Finance, insurance and other, net
Assets:
Contract assets	$ 3,700,000		$ 31,800,000

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, after Accumulated Amortization	$ 306,500	$ 236,600
Intangible assets	417,400	417,400	$ 396,700
Right-of-use asset	$ 207,100	$ 222,600

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, after Accumulated Amortization	$ 306,500	$ 236,600
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset	$ 207,100	$ 222,600

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of dealership that is accounted for under the equity method	50.00%
Effective tax rate from continuing operations	27.00%	25.00%
Income benefit	$ (15,500)	$ (15,900)
Impairment charges	$ 1,000	$ 0
Dealership
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Percentage of dealership that is accounted for under the equity method	50.00%
ASU 2014-09 | Finance, insurance and other, net
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Contract assets	$ 3,700		$ 31,800

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Contract with Customer, Asset, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Noncurrent	$ 19,800

XML

Business Acquisitions and Dispositions - Additional Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) retail_Units	Mar. 31, 2023 retail_Units	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Luxury Dealership [Domain]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of franchises disposed | retail_Units	2
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Assets, Other	$ 100
Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross	75,100
PY Acq GW Allocations Fdealer	0		$ 9,800
PY Acq GW Allocations Powersports	0		$ 2,900
Stand-alone pre-owned vehicle business
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Inventory	11,100
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Property, Plant, and Equipment	700
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Intangible Assets, Other than Goodwill	22,600
Powersports Segment
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of acquired franchises | retail_Units		5
Number of Powersports Stores Acquired | retail_Units		1
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Land	29,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Liabilities	$ (300)

XML

Business Acquisitions and Dispositions - Revenues and Other Activities Associated with Disposed Dealerships That Remain in Continuing Operations (Details) - Disposed dealerships that remain in continuing operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Income (loss) from operations	$ (4,900)	$ (13,500)
Gain (loss) on disposal	(1,700)	0
Lease exit accrual adjustments and charges	(2,400)	1,700
Pre-tax income (loss)	(4,200)	(15,200)
Total revenues	$ 13,200	$ 203,200

XML

Inventories - Components of Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
New vehicles	$ 938,500	$ 799,600
Used vehicles	481,500	505,700
Service loaners	177,800	172,700
Parts, accessories and other	102,700	100,300
Net inventories	1,700,500	1,578,300
Service Loaner Inventory (Directly Leased from Manufacturer)	$ 31,600	$ 22,700

XML

Property and Equipment - Components of Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Less accumulated depreciation	$ (929,200)	$ (927,800)
Subtotal	1,623,000	1,615,700
Less assets held for sale	(24,200)	(14,700)
Property and equipment, net	1,598,800	1,601,000
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	491,900	493,000
Building and improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	1,426,300	1,425,800
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	550,500	563,300
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	83,500	61,400
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, Excluding Capital Leased Assets
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	$ 2,552,200	$ 2,543,500

XML

Property and Equipment - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Capital expenditures	$ 43,800	$ 37,200
Impairment charges	1,000	$ 0
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of	1,000
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of	$ 1,000

XML

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill - Franchise Segment	$ 229,800		$ 229,800	$ 221,800
Goodwill - Preowned Segment	0		0	0
Goodwill - Powersports Segment	24,000		24,000	9,200
GW Accm Amort Fdealer			1,100,000
GW Amm Amort Preowned			202,900
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Impairment charges	1,000	$ 0
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill - Preowned Segment	0		0	0
Goodwill and Intangible Asset Impairment	0		(1,800)
Goodwill	253,800		253,800	231,000
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Acquired	0		11,900
Goodwill - Franchise Segment	229,800		229,800	221,800
Goodwill - Powersports Segment	24,000		24,000	9,200
PY Acq GW Allocations	0		12,700
PY Acq GW Allocations Fdealer	0		9,800
PY Acq GW Allocations Preowned	0		0
PY Acq GW Allocations Powersports	0		2,900
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Acquired Fdealer	0		0
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Acquired Preowned	0		0
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Acquired Powersports	0		11,900
GW Asset Impairment Fdealer	0		(1,800)
GW Asset Impairment Preowned	0		0
GW Asset Impairment Powersports	0		0
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Franchise Assets - Franchised	371,700		371,700	371,700
Intangible Assets Preowned	0		0	1,900
Intangible Assets - Powersports	45,700		45,700	23,100
Franchise Assets - Assets Acquired Franchised	0		0
Intangible Assets - Assets Acquired Preowned	0		0
Intangible Assets - Assets Acquired Powersports	0		22,600
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired	0		22,600
Franchise Assets - reductions from disp fdealer	0		0
Intangible Assets - reduction from dispositions preowned	0		(1,900)
Intangible Assets - Reductions from dispositions powersports	0		0
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets, Written off Related to Sale of Business Unit	0		1,900
Goodwill and Intangible Asset Impairment	0		(1,800)
Other Intangible Assets, net	417,400		$ 417,400	$ 396,700
Powersports Segment
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Impairment charges	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Long-Term Debt - Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Oct. 13, 2021	Mar. 10, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Subtotal		$ 1,677,700	$ 1,699,600
Debt issuance costs		(26,300)	(23,000)
Total debt		1,651,400	1,676,600
Less current maturities		(68,000)	(60,100)
Long-term debt		1,583,400	1,616,500
Mortgage notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Mortgage notes to finance companies - fixed rate, bearing interest from 3.51% to 7.03%		152,800	163,000
Mortgage notes to finance companies - variable rate, bearing interest at 1.50 to 2.90 percentage points above one-month or three-month LIBOR		67,900	75,600
Subtotal		$ 220,800
Mortgage notes | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Mortgage notes to finance companies-fixed rate, percentage		3.51%
Mortgage notes to finance companies-variable rate, percentage		1.50%
Mortgage notes | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Mortgage notes to finance companies-fixed rate, percentage		7.03%
Mortgage notes to finance companies-variable rate, percentage		2.90%
TwoThousandSixteenRevolvingCreditFacilityMember
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2016 Revolving Credit Facility		$ 0	$ 0
Interest rate		2.50%	2.25%
5.0% Senior Subordinate Notes due 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate		5.00%
6.125% Senior Subordinate Notes due 2027
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate		6.125%		6.125%	6.125%
2019 Mortgage Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Senior Subordinated Notes		$ 307,000	$ 311,000
Stated interest rate	1.25%	2.50%
4.625% Senior Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Senior Subordinated Notes		$ 650,000	650,000
4.875% Senior Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Senior Subordinated Notes		500,000	500,000
Total debt		$ 500,000	$ 500,000
Stated interest rate		4.875%

XML

Long-Term Debt - Debt Redemption (Details) - 6.125% Notes	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Period One
Debt Instrument, Redemption [Line Items]
Redemption percentage of principal amount	103.063%	26320000000.00%
Period Two
Debt Instrument, Redemption [Line Items]
Redemption percentage of principal amount	102.042%
Period Three
Debt Instrument, Redemption [Line Items]
Redemption percentage of principal amount	101.021%
Period Four
Debt Instrument, Redemption [Line Items]
Redemption percentage of principal amount	100.00%

XML

Long-Term Debt - 2016 Credit Facilities (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
TwoThousandSixteenRevolvingCreditFacilityMember
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
2016 Revolving Credit Facility	$ 0	$ 0
Revolving Credit Facility | Two Thousand Twenty Vehicle Floor Plan Facility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Current borrowing capacity	2,600,000,000
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 2,400,000,000		$ 2,900,000,000
Maximum aggregate commitments allocated to commitments under the 2016 Used Vehicle Floor Plan Facility	40.00%
Revolving Credit Facility | TwoThousandTwentyRevolvingCreditFacility
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Current borrowing capacity	$ 350,000,000
Maximum borrowing capacity	450,000,000			$ 400,000,000
Borrowing base	350,000,000
2016 Revolving Credit Facility	0
Letters of credit outstanding amount	11,500,000
Borrowing availability amount	$ 338,500,000
Maximum dividend (usd per share)	$ 0.18	$ 0.12
LineofCreditFacilityMinimumCommitment	$ 50,000,000
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1000.00%
Revolving Credit Facility | New Vehicle Floorplan Facility (Commitments)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 1,350,000,000
Revolving Credit Facility | Used Vehicle Floor Plan Facility (Commitments)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 700,000,000

XML

Long-Term Debt - Notes Narrative (Details)		3 Months Ended
	Mar. 10, 2017 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2020 Location	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Oct. 13, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument Percentage Of Outstanding Principal Amount Redeemable Upon Event Of Default		25.00%
Debt outstanding		$ 1,677,700,000				$ 1,699,600,000
Maximum Borrowing 2019 Mortgage Facility					$ 500,000,000
Mortgage notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Mortgage financing aggregate								$ 0
Number of operating locations related to mortgage financing | Location				0
Debt weighted average interest rate on note		5.20%
Debt outstanding		$ 220,800,000
5.0% Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate		5.00%
6.125% Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes Redemption Price Percentage Of Par Value Due To Change Of Control	101.00%
Stated interest rate	6.125%	6.125%					6.125%
Principal amount	$ 250,000,000						$ 250,000,000
Notes issued, percent of principal	100.00%
Maximum dividend (usd per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.12
6.125% Notes | Period One
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption percentage of principal amount		103.063%	26320000000.00%
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt		$ 13,200,000
2019 Mortgage Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate		2.50%			1.25%
Maximum dividend (usd per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.10
Long Term Debt Prepayment		$ 500,000
Debt Instrument, Unused Borrowing Capacity, Amount		$ 173,000,000
4.875% Senior Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate		4.875%
4.625% Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate		4.625%
Minimum | 5.0% Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument Other Outstanding Indebtedness In Excess		$ 50,000,000
Minimum | 2019 Mortgage Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		0.25%
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread LIBOR		1.25%
Maximum | 2019 Mortgage Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		1.25%
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread LIBOR		2.25%

XML

Long-Term Debt - Covenants (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio	194.00%
Maximum Consolidated Total Lease Adjusted Leverage Ratio	310.00%
2016 Credit Facilities
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Net income and retained earnings free of restrictions	$ 264.1
Minimum EBTDAR to rent ratio	1170.00%
Required ratio
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio	120.00%
Maximum Consolidated Total Lease Adjusted Leverage Ratio	575.00%
Required ratio | 2016 Credit Facilities
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Minimum EBTDAR to rent ratio	150.00%

XML

Long-Term Debt - Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Mar. 09, 2018	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2018
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Incremental interest expense		$ 0	$ 300,000	$ 100,000
Net benefit expected to be reclassified		$ 0
Interest rate swap and interest rate cap | Derivative instruments and hedging activities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative					$ 0
Net cash proceeds	$ 4,800,000
Interest rate swap and interest rate cap | Derivative instruments and hedging activities | Other assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative asset, fair value of interest rate swap and cap positions						0
Interest rate swap and interest rate cap | Derivative instruments and hedging activities | Other current assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative asset, fair value of interest rate swap and cap positions
Interest rate swap | Derivative instruments and hedging activities | Other current assets
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liability, fair value of interest rate swap and cap positions						100,000
Interest rate swap | Derivative instruments and hedging activities | Other accrued liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liability, fair value of interest rate swap and cap positions						1,000,000
Interest rate swap | Derivative instruments and hedging activities | Other long-term liabilities
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liability, fair value of interest rate swap and cap positions						$ 300,000

XML

Long-Term Debt - 2019 Mortgage Facility (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		30 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2027	Oct. 13, 2021	Mar. 10, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum Borrowing 2019 Mortgage Facility	$ 500,000
Repayments of Debt		$ 4,000	$ 6,000
6.125% Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum dividend (usd per share)		$ 0.12
Stated interest rate		6.125%		6.125%	6.125%
2019 Mortgage Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum dividend (usd per share)		$ 0.10
Term Loan, Principal Amount	320,000
Prior Term Loan, Principal Amount	77,600
Delayed Draw-Term Loan, Aggregate Principal	85,000
Revolving Loan, Aggregate Principal	95,000
Outstanding Balance, Delayed Draw Credit Facility	7,000
2019 Mortgage Facility Outstanding	$ 307,000
Stated interest rate	1.25%	2.50%
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Increase (Decrease)	1.875%
Debt Instrument, Unused Borrowing Capacity, Amount		$ 173,000

XML

Long-Term Debt (Details) - TwoThousandTwentyRevolvingCreditFacility - Revolving Credit Facility	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
2016 Revolving Credit Facility	$ 0
Borrowing availability amount	$ 338,500,000

XML

Per Share Data and Stockholders' Equity - Dilutive Effect on Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Weighted Average Shares
Weighted average common shares outstanding	34,000	35,900
Diluted earnings (loss) (shares)	34,900	36,900
Net Income (Loss)
Earnings (loss)	$ 42,000	$ 47,700
Basic earnings (loss) per share (usd per share)	$ 1.24	$ 1.33
Effect of dilutive securities:
Earnings (loss) per common share (usd per share)	$ 1.20	$ 1.29

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Maximum exposure associated with general indemnifications	$ 8,000
General indemnifications minimum expiration period	1 year
General indemnifications maximum expiration period	3 years
Percentage of dealership that is accounted for under the equity method	50.00%
Contingent liability reserve balance after reduction	$ 4,300
Other accrued liabilities
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Amount reserved for pending proceedings	400
Other long-term liabilities
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Amount reserved for pending proceedings	$ 300	$ 300
Accrued Liabilities
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Amount reserved for pending proceedings		$ 400

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value (Details) - Fair Value Based on Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets:
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	$ 43,900	$ 42,900
Cash flow swaps and interest rate caps designated as hedges	1,100	1,000
Total assets	45,000	43,900
Other current assets
Assets:
Cash flow swaps and interest rate caps designated as hedges	$ 1,100	$ 1,000

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value and Carrying Value of Significant Fixed Rate Long-Term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Oct. 13, 2021	Mar. 10, 2017
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Carrying Value	$ 1,651,400	$ 1,676,600
Mortgage Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	147,100	156,600
Carrying Value	$ 152,800	163,000
5.0% Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Stated interest rate	5.00%
6.125% Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Stated interest rate	6.125%		6.125%	6.125%
4.875% Senior Notes [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 435,000	447,500
Carrying Value	$ 500,000	500,000
Stated interest rate	4.875%
4.625% Notes [Member]
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 578,500	591,500
Carrying Value	$ 650,000	$ 650,000
Stated interest rate	4.625%

XML

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Summary of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 891,900	$ 895,200
Other comprehensive income (loss)	500	(100)
Ending balance	904,400	854,800
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	1,600	1,600
Other comprehensive income (loss)	500	(100)
Ending balance	$ 2,100	$ 1,500

XML

Segment Information - Additional Information (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) Segment	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments | Segment	3
Impairment charges	$ 1,000,000.0	$ 0
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	3,384,000,000	3,491,200,000
Retail New Vehicles [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	1,455,800,000	1,442,800,000
Fleet New Vehicles [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	19,600,000	18,800,000
New vehicles
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	1,475,400,000	1,461,600,000
Used vehicles
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	1,215,600,000	1,344,900,000
Wholesale vehicles
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	77,300,000	85,600,000
Total vehicles
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	2,768,300,000	2,892,100,000
Parts, service and collision repair
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	446,700,000	430,500,000
Finance, insurance and other, net
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 169,000,000.0	$ 168,600,000

XML

Segment Information - Summary of Reportable Operating Segment (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	$ 3,384,000,000	$ 3,491,200,000
Segment income (loss):
Segment income (loss)	106,700,000	106,400,000
Interest expense, other, net	(29,000,000.0)	(28,400,000)
Other income (expense), net	100,000	200,000
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes	57,500,000	63,600,000
Closed Store Accrued Expenses	2,100,000
Impairment charges	1,000,000.0	0
FloorPlanDepositBalance	320,000,000.0		$ 345,000,000.0
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of	1,000,000
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization	36,300,000	34,300,000
FloorPlanInterestExpense	20,300,000	14,600,000
Interest Expense, Other	29,000,000.0	28,400,000
Payments to Acquire Property, Plant, and Equipment	43,800,000	37,200,000
Cash and cash equivalents	15,100,000	160,200,000	28,900,000	$ 229,200,000
Assets	5,407,600,000		5,364,600,000
Powersports Used Vehicle Revenue	3,400,000	4,800,000
Powersports Wholesale Vehicle Revenue	100,000	200,000
Powersports Fixed Ops Revenue	6,800,000	6,700,000
Powersports F&I Revenue	1,500,000	1,500,000
Powersports Segment Revenue	27,700,000	34,000,000.0
Franchised Dealerships Segment
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	2,796,900,000	2,806,700,000
Segment income (loss):
Interest expense, other, net	(27,800,000)	(26,900,000)
Impairment charges	1,000,000.0	0
Excluded non-recurring compensation-related charges	2,200,000
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization	29,800,000	26,500,000
FloorPlanInterestExpense	16,000,000.0	9,900,000
Interest Expense, Other	27,800,000	26,900,000
Payments to Acquire Property, Plant, and Equipment	43,000,000.0	31,000,000.0
Assets	4,214,100,000		4,110,800,000
Excluded non-recurring compensation-related charges	2,200,000
EchoPark Segment
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	559,400,000	650,500,000
Segment income (loss):
Interest expense, other, net	(700,000)	(900,000)
Impairment charges	0	0
Excluded non-recurring compensation-related charges	2,100,000	2,000,000
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization	5,500,000	7,000,000.0
FloorPlanInterestExpense	3,800,000	4,600,000
Interest Expense, Other	700,000	900,000
Payments to Acquire Property, Plant, and Equipment	400,000	5,700,000
Assets	638,200,000		667,900,000
Excluded non-recurring compensation-related charges	2,100,000	2,000,000
Powersports Segment
Segment income (loss):
Interest expense, other, net	(500,000)	(600,000)
Impairment charges	0	0
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization	1,000,000.0	800,000
FloorPlanInterestExpense	500,000	100,000
Interest Expense, Other	500,000	600,000
Payments to Acquire Property, Plant, and Equipment	400,000	500,000
Assets	220,200,000		$ 212,000,000.0
Operating segments
Segment income (loss):
Segment income (loss)	57,500,000	63,600,000
Operating segments | Franchised Dealerships Segment
Segment income (loss):
Segment income (loss)	62,700,000	109,800,000
Operating segments | EchoPark Segment
Segment income (loss):
Segment income (loss)	(2,900,000)	(46,800,000)
Operating segments | Powersports Segment
Segment income (loss):
Segment income (loss)	(2,300,000)	600,000
Reconciling items
Segment income (loss):
Other income (expense), net	56,500,000	63,600,000
Impairment charges	(1,000,000.0)	0
New vehicles
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	1,475,400,000	1,461,600,000
New vehicles | Franchised Dealerships Segment
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	1,459,500,000	1,439,800,000
Used vehicles
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	1,215,600,000	1,344,900,000
Used vehicles | Franchised Dealerships Segment
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	729,300,000	767,600,000
Used vehicles | EchoPark Segment
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	482,900,000	572,500,000
Wholesale vehicles
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	77,300,000	85,600,000
Wholesale vehicles | Franchised Dealerships Segment
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	48,600,000	58,400,000
Wholesale vehicles | EchoPark Segment
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	28,600,000	27,000,000.0
Parts, service and collision repair
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	446,700,000	430,500,000
Parts, service and collision repair | Franchised Dealerships Segment
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	439,900,000	423,800,000
Finance, insurance and other, net
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	169,000,000.0	168,600,000
Finance, insurance and other, net | Franchised Dealerships Segment
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	119,600,000	117,100,000
Finance, insurance and other, net | EchoPark Segment
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	47,900,000	50,000,000.0
NewVehiclesMember | EchoPark Segment
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	0	1,000,000.0
Retail New Vehicles [Member]
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	1,455,800,000	1,442,800,000
Retail New Vehicles [Member] | Franchised Dealerships Segment
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	1,439,900,000	1,421,000,000
Fleet New Vehicles [Member]
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	19,600,000	18,800,000
Fleet New Vehicles [Member] | Franchised Dealerships Segment
Revenues:
Total consolidated revenues	19,600,000	18,800,000
Retail New Vehcile
Revenues:
Powersports New Vehicle Revenue	$ 15,900,000	$ 20,800,000

XML

Leases, Codification Topic 842 (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, after Accumulated Amortization	$ 306,500	$ 236,600
Right-of-use asset	$ 207,100	$ 222,600

XML

Business Combinations (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($) retail_Units	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) retail_Units
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Assets, Other	$ 100
Impairment charges	1,000	$ 0
Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross	75,100
Purchase of businesses, net of cash acquired	$ 0	$ 75,100
Northwest Motorsport Segment [Abstract]
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
NumberofPreownedStoresDisposed | retail_Units	7
Luxury Dealership [Domain]
Business Combinations [Abstract]
Number of franchises disposed | retail_Units	2
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of franchises disposed | retail_Units	2
Stand-alone pre-owned vehicle business
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Inventory	$ 11,100
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Intangible Assets, Other than Goodwill	22,600
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Property, Plant, and Equipment	700
Goodwill, Acquired During Period	11,900
Powersports Segment
Asset Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of acquired franchises | retail_Units		5
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Land	29,000
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Liabilities	$ (300)
Number of Powersports Stores Acquired | retail_Units		1

XML

Subsequent Events (Details) - 6.125% Notes - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Oct. 13, 2021	Mar. 10, 2017
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Principal amount			$ 250,000,000	$ 250,000,000
Stated interest rate	6.125%		6.125%	6.125%
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Principal amount			$ 250,000,000	$ 250,000,000
Stated interest rate	6.125%		6.125%	6.125%
Period One
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Redemption percentage of principal amount	103.063%	26320000000.00%
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt	$ 13,200,000
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt	$ 13,200,000