10-K 1 f10k_dec2008-clnh.htm FORM 10-K MAIN BODY f10k_dec2008-clnh.htm
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.  20549
_____________
 
FORM 10-K
_____________
 

x
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008

OR

o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 
Commission File Number 1-13237
______________
 
CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Trust Agreement)
______________
 

Delaware
 
13-3949418
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
     
625 Madison Avenue, New York, New York
 
10022
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)

(212) 317-5700
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Shares of Beneficial Interest

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes  o   No  x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes  o   No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  x   No  o     
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   o   

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer or a non-accelerated filer or a smaller filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Large Accelerated filer   o    Accelerated filer  x   Non-accelerated filer   o    Smaller reporting company    o   

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  o  No x

The aggregate market value of common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2008 was approximately $81.7 million (based on the closing price of $1.67 per share as reported by the New York Stock Exchange on that date).

As of February 27, 2009, there were 53.0 million outstanding shares of the registrant’s shares of beneficial interest.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Part III:  Those portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting to be held on June 10, 2009 which are incorporated into Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14.




Table of Contents
 
CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
 
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
 




       
Page
PART I
       
 
Item 1.
Business
 
1
 
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
 
7
 
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
 
21
 
Item 2.
Properties
 
21
 
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
 
21
 
Item 4.
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
 
23
         
PART II
       
 
Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
24
 
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
 
26
 
Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (see Table of Contents at front of section)
 
27
 
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks
 
74
 
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
 
77
 
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
 
161
 
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
 
161
 
Item 9B.
Other Information
 
161
         
PART III
       
 
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
 
162
 
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
 
162
 
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
 
162
 
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
 
162
 
Item 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
 
162
         
PART IV
       
 
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
 
163
         
SIGNATURES
   
171
 
 

 
 

 

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR PURPOSES OF
THE “SAFE HARBOR” PROVISIONS OF
THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
 
 
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements.  These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather our beliefs and expectations that are based on our current estimates, projections and assumptions about our Company and industry.  Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.  These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, are difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements.  Some of these risks include, among other things:
 
·  
business limitations caused by adverse changes in real estate and credit markets and general economic and business conditions;
·  
risks related to the form and structure of our financing arrangements;
·  
our ability to generate new income sources, raise capital for investment funds and maintain business relationships with providers and users of capital;
·  
changes in applicable laws and regulations;
·  
our tax treatment, the tax treatment of our subsidiaries and the tax treatment of our investments;
·  
competition with other companies;
·  
risk of loss from direct and indirect investments in commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) and collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”) and mortgage revenue bonds;
·  
risk of loss under mortgage banking loss sharing agreements; and
·  
risks associated with providing credit intermediation; and
           
risks associated with enforcement by our creditors of any rights or remedies which they may possess.
 
We caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect our view only as of the date of this annual report on Form 10-K.  We are under no obligation to (and expressly disclaim any obligation to) update or alter any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or otherwise.
 
 

 
 

 

 
Item 1.  Business.
 
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
 
Centerline Holding Company (OTC: CLNH), through its subsidiaries, provides real estate financial and asset management services, including institutional debt and equity fund management, mortgage banking, and primary and special loan servicing.  We commenced operations in October 1997 and currently have over $14.0 billion of assets under management.  Organized as a statutory trust created under the laws of Delaware, we conduct substantially all of our business through our subsidiaries generally under the designation Centerline Capital Group.  For ease of readership, however, the terms “we”,  “us”, “our” or “the Company” as used throughout this document may mean the business as a whole or a subsidiary, while the term “parent trust” refers only to Centerline Holding Company as a stand-alone entity.
 
Operating on a fully integrated real estate finance and fund management platform, we provide capital at every layer of a property's capital structure and investment products at varied levels of the risk spectrum.  We have had historical success in assessing and managing real estate risk and, inclusive of our predecessors, have operated for over 36 years through varied economic and real estate cycles.  Our team of professionals, with a unique balance and combination of capital markets and real estate expertise, think creatively in order to achieve highly practical, customized solutions for real estate investors, developers and owners.
 
We have four business groups:  Affordable Housing, Commercial Real Estate, Portfolio Management and Credit Risk Products.  Our Corporate group, comprised of Finance and Accounting, Legal, Corporate Communications, Operations and Risk Management departments, supports these four business groups.  In addition, we consolidate certain funds we control, notwithstanding the fact that we may only have a minority, and in most cases negligible, economic interest; these funds are included in our Consolidated Partnership group.
 
Our Affordable Housing and Commercial Real Estate groups raise capital through a series of funds to deploy into a broad array of real estate debt and equity investments.  Our Credit Risk Products group provides credit support to affordable housing debt and equity products for our Affordable Housing group and third-parties.  Our Portfolio Management group provides primary and special loan servicing principally for commercial real estate.
 
Our core strategy is Buy-Watch-Fix: we seek to invest prudently, monitor performance diligently and manage investments aggressively. One of our strategic goals is to increase our assets under management (which creates greater earning power for the Company), and to increase primary and special servicing for third parties. As of December 31 of each of the past three years, our assets under management and servicing portfolio consisted of the following:
 
(in millions)
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
   
Compound
Annual
Growth Rate
(2006-2008)
 
 
Commercial Real Estate
                       
CMBS Funds
  $ 1,475.4     $ 1,475.4     $ 890.1       28.7 %
High-Yield Debt Investment Entities
    535.7       556.6       442.1       10.1  
Joint Venture Equity Funds
    179.4       225.6       76.9       52.7  
CDO Collateral Management
    1,451.7       --       --       100.0  
Third Party Commercial Loan Portfolio
    550.7       --       --       100.0  
Affordable Housing
                               
Tax Credit Funds
    9,856.9       9,694.4       8,525.9       7.5  
Total assets under management
  $ 14,049.8     $ 11,952.0     $ 9,935.0       18.9 %
                                 
Servicing portfolio(1)
  $ 21,564.0     $ 30,220.1     $ 21,331.6       0.5 %
Named special servicer
    113,823.2       116,915.9       66,772.3       30.6  
Total servicing portfolio
  $ 135,387.2     $ 147,136.0     $ 88,103.9       24.0 %
 
(1)   Includes agency, pre-securitization, private label loans and conduit and other (excludes those held on our own account).
 

 
With respect to operations, our revenues and equity earnings are primarily derived from investment management, and investment and transactional income.  Investment management includes origination, asset management, servicing and incentive fees.  Investment income includes interest income from investments we hold for our own portfolio and equity earnings related to co-investments in our Commercial Real Estate funds.  Transactional income includes origination fees paid to us by borrowers and credit intermediation fees from our credit risk products.
 
 
- 1 -

 
Business Groups
 
Affordable Housing
 
Our Affordable Housing group primarily focuses on providing equity and debt financing to properties that benefit from the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (“LIHTC”) or other structures aimed at promoting the development of multifamily properties (collectively “Tax Credit”).
 
Equity Financing
 
The LIHTC was established to promote the development of rental housing units for low-income families.  We sponsor and manage funds for institutional and retail investors that invest in affordable housing properties nationwide.  Since the inception of the LIHTC program, we have been an industry leader in fund origination and management with significant market share, having raised over $9.8 billion in equity capital (which we currently manage) from these institutional and retail investors.  As a sponsor of more than 145 public and private real estate investment programs, we have provided financing for over 1,400 affordable rental properties in 47 states, Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia.
 
Management of these funds involves fund origination, property acquisition, underwriting, asset management and administration.  Revenues earned include:
 
 
·
investment management fees such as acquisition fees and allowances to cover origination and underwriting costs, paid at closing and recognized as properties are acquired within the fund;
 
·
partnership management fees for administrative services, paid at closing and generally recognized over five years; and
 
·
asset management fees and expense reimbursements, paid and recognized over the life of the fund as earned provided that collection is reasonably assured.
 
With respect to certain Tax Credit equity investment funds, we provide specified returns to investors for a fee paid at closing (see also Credit Risk Products discussion below).  We generally recognize the fee over the applicable risk-weighted periods, which generally comprise the life of the fund, on a straight-line basis.
 
Debt Financing
 
Historically, we acquired mortgage revenue bonds that finance multifamily affordable housing projects.  In December 2007, we re-securitized most of our Affordable Housing mortgage revenue bond portfolio with the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), whereby, for accounting purposes, most of the re-securitization was treated as a sale.  In connection with the transaction, we retained $377.5 million in senior Freddie Mac credit enhanced certificates that collateralize the preferred shares of one of our subsidiaries, a high-yielding residual interest in the portfolio and servicing rights.  Subsequent to the re-securitization transaction, we earn interest income allocated to the high-yielding residual interest.
 
While we are not currently acquiring mortgage revenue bonds, we originate, underwrite and service mortgage loans for affordable housing properties via the same agency programs used by our Commercial Real Estate group with respect to mortgage originations (for further discussion of these programs, as well as the types of fees earned, see Commercial Real Estate below).  This group also earns servicing fees related to the mortgage revenue bonds re-securitized and mortgages it originates.
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Our Commercial Real Estate group provides a broad spectrum of financing and investment products for multifamily, office, retail, industrial, mixed-use and other properties throughout the United States.  In partnership with our capital sources, including pension funds, investment banks, Wall Street conduits and government-sponsored entities (“GSEs”), we tailor products to meet the financing needs of our clients.  Our state-of-the-art commercial real estate origination, pricing and underwriting platform provides us with the capacity to competitively finance all commercial property types.
 
Debt Product Origination
 
We originate, underwrite and service mortgage loans for commercial properties nationwide (prior to 2008, the Commercial Real Estate group also included debt product origination for affordable housing properties which is now in our Affordable Housing group) and for the funds we manage.  In 2008, we originated over $1.0 billion of commercial mortgage loans for our investor partners. We are a market leader in the agency lending business, closing and delivering mortgages to the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) under its Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS”) program and to Freddie Mac under the Freddie Mac Program Plus (“Program Plus”) and Delegated Underwriting Initiative (“DUI”) programs.
 
 
- 2 -

 
Mortgage loans we originate for our investment partners are often closed in our name, using cash borrowed from a warehouse lender, and sold to the investor partner from one week to three months following the loan closing.  We use the cash received to repay the warehouse loans.  We do not retain any interest in any mortgage loans except for mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) and certain contingent liabilities under the loss-sharing arrangements with Fannie Mae (DUS) and Freddie Mac (DUI) programs.  We may also originate loans for the funds we manage.
 
We earn transactional-based origination fees recognized upon settlement of the sale of the loans to the investor partner.  We retain interest earned on loans prior to sale.  For those loans we service, we earn servicing fees and various related fees (e.g., assumption, substitution, modification, prepayment penalties).  The recognition of servicing and related fees is split between the Commercial Real Estate and Portfolio Management groups.
 
Fund Management
 
In addition to our direct debt and equity origination platform and dependent upon market conditions, we are a buyer of real estate debt securities, including high-yield commercial mortgage backed securities (“CMBS”), preferred equity and collateralized debt obligation (“CDO”) securities for the investment funds we manage.  These investments are typically purchased at primary issuance rather than in the secondary market.  We typically co-invest 5% in the Commercial Real Estate funds and entities we manage, although some co-investments may be for a lesser or greater share.
 
The funds finance their investments through equity contributions from their investors, and through proceeds from available debt facilities at the fund level which is non-recourse to us, as they are secured by fund assets or equity subscriptions.  Once these funds accumulate investments of appropriate number, size and diversity we seek to replace these debt facilities with long-term non-recourse, matched term funding secured by the investments, to the extent available.  In February 2008, one of the CMBS Fund Partnerships received loans of $295.0 million from certain members of the fund (excluding $22.3 million from us which is eliminated in consolidation).  Proceeds from the loan were used to repay all outstanding repurchase agreement and subscription line financing of the CMBS Fund Partnership and to repay other loans we had made to the CMBS Fund Partnership.  See also Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
CMBS Funds
 
We currently manage three high-yield CMBS funds, which have aggregate committed equity of approximately $1.5 billion.  Our strategy with CMBS investments is long-term in nature. The majority of CMBS are rated and backed by pools of commercial real estate mortgages, traded both publicly and privately.  To date, the funds have primarily invested in “high-yield CMBS” which consist of CMBS securities rated “BB+” and lower (including non-rated).  Investing in high-yield CMBS requires an understanding of the expected cash flows of the underlying real estate.  Since each CMBS security typically comprises the cash flows of loans secured by hundreds of discrete real estate properties, our funds provide investors access to this market without requiring the investors to incur the cost to develop the infrastructure and personnel needed to make knowledgeable investments in the high-yield CMBS market.
 
With respect to CMBS funds, we earn investment management fees (including incentive fees) based on certain events in the fund life-cycle.  These fees and our portion of the funds’ earnings from our co-investments are recognized as equity income.  We also earn interest income from warehoused investments and any residual or re-securitization certificates we hold for our own account.  Our Portfolio Management group also earns fees from special servicing of the fund’s investments (see Portfolio Management discussion below)
 
High-Yield Debt Investment Fund
 
Centerline Real Estate Special Situations Mortgage Fund LLC (“CRESS”) is a high-yield debt investment fund we manage that invests in bridge loans, subordinate interests in first mortgages (“B-notes”), CDO securities and mezzanine loans.  As of December 31, 2008, CRESS had $535.7 million of committed equity, the majority of which is invested.  We earn equity income from our co-investment in CRESS, investment management fees (including possible incentive fees) and expense reimbursements.  Our Portfolio Management group also earns servicing and CDO asset management fees related to the fund’s investments (see Portfolio Management discussion below).  We also manage American Mortgage Acceptance Corporation (“AMAC”); however, its board has begun a process of determining a plan of liquidation.
 
Joint Venture Equity Fund
 
We currently manage a joint venture equity fund, Centerline Urban Capital (“CUC”), which has $179.4 million of committed equity and whose majority investor is the California Public Employees’ Retirement System (“CalPERS”).  CUC focuses on equity investments in multifamily properties in major urban markets.  We earn income from CUC predominantly from asset management fees and possible incentive fees, as well as equity income from our co-investment.
 
 
- 3 -

 
CDO Collateral Management and Third Party Commercial Loan Portfolio
 
We currently act as collateral manager for two CDOs and also manage a commercial loan portfolio for a third party.  CRESS owns the equity and certain amounts of the debt of the two CDOs.  We earn investment management and servicing fees.  The servicing functions are performed by our Portfolio Management group.
 
Portfolio Management
 
Our Portfolio Management group principally monitors commercial real estate loans and investments that our Commercial Real Estate group originates and acquires for its own account and for the investment funds they manage and that our Affordable Housing group acquires.  We also provide primary and special servicing to third parties.
 
Through our proprietary technology, our Portfolio Management group has access to property and market information on over 18,000 properties within our investment funds and servicing portfolio.  Our constant monitoring, we believe, enables us to detect issues early and develop the best possible solutions to preserve our funds' investments and to assess risks prior to investing.
 
Primary Servicing
 
At December 31, 2008, our primary loan servicing portfolio totaled $22.0 billion and consisted of:
 
 
(i)
$8.8 billion of loans serviced on behalf of our Commercial Real Estate group for Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and other agencies;
 
(ii)
$6.3 billion of interim servicing, which is short-term servicing of commercial mortgage loans on behalf of third parties prior to securitization;
 
(iii)
$1.4 billion of “private label” servicing for third parties; and
 
(iv)
$5.5 billion of loans within our managed investment funds, on behalf of third parties and their funds or for our own account.
 
Our primary servicing platform carries an “Above Average” rating from S&P and a “CPS2-” rating from Fitch.
 
Special Servicing and CDO Asset Management
 
When a loan or investment does not perform, our special servicing department, comprised of seasoned real estate professionals, develops and executes action plans intended to provide the best resolution for the investment.  At December 31, 2008, our special servicing portfolio totaled $2.1 billion. In addition, we are the named special servicer on over $113.8 billion of commercial loans through the assets held in our CMBS Fund Partnerships.  In addition to asset resolution, our special servicing department processes loan modifications and assumptions within our servicing and special servicing portfolio.  Our special servicing platform carries a "Strong" rating from S&P and a "CSS1" rating from Fitch (both the highest ratings).  As a CDO asset manager, we carry a “CAM2” rating from Fitch (the second highest rating for a CDO asset manager).
 
Our Portfolio Management group recognizes asset management fees as earned on an accrual basis, servicing fees as earned over the servicing period and interest income on servicing escrow balances as earned.
 
Credit Risk Products
 
Through our Credit Risk Products group, we have provided credit intermediation, primarily in the form of credit default swaps (“CDS”) to facilitate the delivery of specified rates of return on some of the Tax Credit funds our Affordable Housing group originates.  We provide CDS through Centerline Financial LLC (“Centerline Financial”), a AAA-rated subsidiary we launched in 2006 in partnership with Natixis Capital Markets North America Inc (“Natixis”).  Natixis currently owns 10% of Centerline Financial.  Prior to Centerline Financial receiving an entity-level rating, Natixis supported the credit intermediation this group provided.  Our current outlook is that little, if any, new business will be carried out in our Credit Risk Products group in the near future given current market conditions.
 
Our Credit Risk Products group earns income and cash flows from credit intermediation fees, received in advance, are generally deferred and recognized over the applicable risk-weighted periods, which generally comprise the life of the fund, on a straight-line basis.  For those pertaining to the construction and lease-up phase of a pool of properties, the periods are generally one to three years.  For those pertaining to the operational phase of a pool of properties, the period is approximately 20 years.  Our Credit Risk Products group also earns interest from investing the capital maintained to support issued CDS.
 
Consolidated Partnerships
 
Consolidated Partnerships consist of four groups:
 
 
·
funds our Affordable Housing group originates and manages (“Tax Credit Fund Partnerships”);
 
 
- 4 -

 
 
 
·
property level partnerships for which our Affordable Housing group has assumed the role of general partner or for which we had foreclosed upon the property (“Tax Credit Property Partnerships”);
 
·
funds our Commercial Real Estate businesses manage, which invest in CMBS and associated re-securitization trusts (“CMBS Fund Partnerships”); and
 
·
CRESS, the high-yield debt partnership our Commercial Real Estate business manages (“High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership”).
 
While we have little or no equity interest in the Tax Credit Fund and Property Partnerships, we typically co-invest 5% in the CMBS Fund and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships, although some co-investments may be for a lesser or greater share.  Although we do not have majority ownership, we control the operations of these partnerships and therefore consolidate them in our financial statements.  The amounts of assets included in our consolidated balance sheets differ from the amounts we refer to as “Assets Under Management” as the carrying amounts reflect mark-to-market adjustments for certain investments, absorption of operating losses for equity investments and other factors.
 
The Tax Credit Fund Partnerships earn equity income from investments in tax credit property partnerships.  As these funds are designed to generate tax benefits for their investors, that equity income is typically negative and virtually all of the income is allocated to the investors.  The Tax Credit Property Partnerships earn rental revenues from operating affordable housing properties.  The CMBS Fund Partnerships and the High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships earn revenue (primarily interest) from their respective investments.
 
Funding of Operations
 
We intend to fund our operations through cash provided by operations, existing facilities, and monetization of non-core assets.
 
Turbulence in the credit markets that began in 2007 has led to decreased availability of many forms of financing.  Specifically, since mid-2007 we have experienced more constrained credit in the following areas:
 
 
·
for asset-backed financing (such as we use to fund mortgage originations in our Commercial Real Estate and Affordable Housing groups), our financing facilities have remained constant which could limit our flexibility should origination activity increase beyond current levels.  In addition, we anticipate increased costs of funds upon renewal of facilities in the future;
 
·
Our share price and the general environment for equity offerings have made obtaining equity capital extremely difficult.  Additionally, the 11.0% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Shares (“11.0% Preferred Shares”) that we issued in January 2008 (see Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements) have dividend requirements at a significantly higher rate than we historically paid;
 
·
for our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility (see Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements), the terms include a higher rate of interest and more stringent covenants (including restrictions on funding new business opportunities without lender approval) than had been the norm in prior periods. In addition, with the exception of dividends related to our Centerline Equity Issuer Trust I subsidiary (“Equity Issuer”) and distributions from our REIT subsidiary, our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility, prohibit us from paying common and preferred dividends (see also Item 1A.  Risk Factors – Risks Related to Investing in Our Company); and
 
·
constriction in credit markets has made it difficult to expand our Commercial Real Estate fund management business especially at leverage levels achieved in prior years.  The market also has fewer investors.
 
These funding sources are described in detail in ITEM 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis – SECTION 4 - Liquidity and Capital Resources and in Notes 14, 15, 19 and 20 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
Competition
 
We face competition both in terms of new competitors and new competing products.  From time to time, we may be in competition with private investors, various financial institutions, GSEs such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, mutual funds, domestic and foreign credit intermediators, investment partnerships and other entities with objectives similar to ours.  Although we operate in a competitive environment, competitors focused on providing all of our custom-designed programs are relatively few.  Specifically:
 
 
·
our Affordable Housing group competes directly with other Tax Credit syndicators seeking to raise capital for tax advantaged funds, some of which offer credit intermediation for their funds.  We also compete with regional and national banks that directly acquire Tax Credit property investments;
 
·
our Commercial Real Estate group competes with other real estate fund management companies that directly acquire CMBS debt instruments and joint venture equity.  In addition, with respect to mortgage origination we are in competition with other licensed DUS lenders which originate multifamily mortgages on behalf of Fannie Mae, other Freddie Mac Program Plus lenders, other companies that participate in the DUI program as well as numerous banks, finance companies and others that originate mortgages for investment or resale; and
 
·
our Portfolio Management group competes with other primary and special loan servicers.
 
 
- 5 -

 
Continuing realignment within the financial services sector could eliminate some competitors or introduce new ones.  Likewise, business to be generated by any government programs to address the credit crisis could attract companies as competitors for attractive investments or the provision of asset management and servicing functions.
 
Some of our competitors have substantially greater financial and operational resources than we do.  In addition, affiliates of some of our managing trustees may form entities to engage in businesses that could be competitive with us, but, at this time we are not aware of any other single business that has all of our real estate financing and investing products (see Risks Related to Investing in Our Company in Item 1A below).  We feel we can effectively compete against other competitors and at the product level due to:
 
 
·
our on-going relationships with developers and borrowers;
 
·
our diversified product platform; and
 
·
our performance track record of operating a highly rated servicing and special servicing platform.
 
Tax Matters
 
Our CMBS and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships investments, which are included in our Commercial Real Estate group, are held in vehicles which, if certain requirements are met, do not incur taxes.  As such, the income from those businesses does not subject us to income taxes.  Likewise, some of our pre-tax income is derived from tax-exempt mortgage revenue bond investments, including the Freddie Mac re-securitization certificates included in our Affordable Housing group, which are held within flow-through entities.
 
Tax Credit fund management, the other Commercial Real Estate businesses and our Portfolio Management and Credit Risk Products businesses, however, are conducted in corporations and are subject to income taxes.  Our Corporate group is also housed in a corporate entity subject to taxation.  Our corporate entities generally have losses for book purposes principally because the distributions paid on the minority interests in our corporate subsidiaries effectively provide a tax deduction, as well as other factors within these businesses.
 
Our parent trust is a Delaware statutory trust.  We pass through our income/loss, including federally tax-exempt income, to our shareholders for inclusion in their tax returns.
 
Governance
 
We are governed by a board of trustees comprised of eight managing trustees, five of whom are independent.  Our board of trustees has four standing committees:
 
 
(1)
Audit;
 
(2)
Compensation;
 
(3)
Nominating/Governance; and
 
(4)
Finance (formerly the Capital Markets and Investment committees).
 
The Audit, Compensation and Nominating/Governance committees consist entirely of independent trustees.
 
Employees
 
Our subsidiaries had approximately 375 employees at December 31, 2008, none of whom were parties to any collective bargaining agreement.
 
Regulatory Matters
 
The mortgage origination business within our Affordable Housing and Commercial Real Estate groups is subject to various governmental and quasi-governmental regulations.  As noted above, we are licensed or approved to service and/or originate and sell mortgage loans under Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac programs.  Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are federally chartered public corporations that require our subsidiaries to meet minimum net worth and capital requirements and to comply with other reporting requirements.  Mortgage loans made under these programs are also required to meet the requirements of these programs.  In addition, under Fannie Mae’s DUS program, one of our subsidiaries has the authority to originate loans without a prior review by Fannie Mae and is required to share in the losses on loans originated under this program.  If it fails to comply with the requirements of these programs, the agency can terminate our license or approval.  In addition, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have the authority under their guidelines to terminate a lender’s authority to originate and service their loans for any reason.  If our authority is terminated under any of these programs, it would prevent us from originating or servicing loans under that program.  As a condition for receiving Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac’s approval of acquisitions for our mortgage banking businesses, we are required to guarantee such business’ obligations under these programs.
 
 
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Additional Information
 
Additional information about Centerline Holding Company and its subsidiaries beyond what is included in this Form 10-K, including our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, is available at www.centerline.com.  As soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) we make available, on or through our website, free of charge:
 
 
·
our annual report on Form 10-K;
 
·
our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q;
 
·
our current reports on Form 8-K;
 
·
our proxy filings; and
 
·
amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
 
You may also read and copy these materials at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549, or obtain them by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0300.  The SEC also maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.  We will provide a copy of any of the foregoing documents upon request.
 
None of the information on our website that is not otherwise expressly set forth or incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K is a part of this Form 10-K.
 
Item 1A.  Risk Factors.
 
As with any business, we face a number of risks.  If any of the following risks occur, our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition would likely suffer.  We have grouped these risk factors into several categories, as follows:
 
 
1.
General Risks Related to Our Business
 
2.
Risks Related to Our Affordable Housing Group
 
3.
Risks Related to Our Commercial Real Estate Group
 
4.
Risks Related to Our Portfolio Management Group
 
5.
Risks Related to Our Credit Risk Products Group
 
6.
Risks Related to Application of Tax Laws
 
7.
Risks Related to Investing in Our Company
 
1.  General Risks Related to Our Business
 
We may be unable to raise capital or access financing on favorable terms, or at all, and we may also be unable to repay or refinance our debt obligations
 
Our outstanding debt could limit our operational flexibility, limit our ability to raise additional capital or otherwise adversely affect our financial condition.  Capital limitations could affect our ability to grow assets under management, a major aspect of our business plan, since we achieve at least part of this growth through co-investment in sponsored funds and by initially warehousing investments for new funds, both of which require capital.  Furthermore, turbulence in the credit markets that began in 2007 has led to decreased availability of many forms of financing, our ability to raise capital has been negatively impacted by a sharp decline in our common share price and our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility include significant limitations.
 
We are subject to the risks normally associated with outstanding debt, including the risks that:
 
 
·
our vulnerability to downturns in our business is increased, requiring us to reduce expenditures we need to expand our businesses;
 
·
our cash flow from operations may be insufficient to make required payments of principal and interest;
 
·
we may be unable to refinance existing indebtedness; and
 
·
the terms of any refinancing may be less favorable than the terms of existing indebtedness.
 
In December 2008, we amended our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility.  The amended agreement contains limitations, including:
 
 
·
incurring additional unsecured indebtedness without lender approval;
 
·
declaring and paying dividends, as described further in “We are currently restricted from paying dividends and non-payment of dividends could result in the addition of members to our board” under Risks Related to Investing in Our Company below;
 
·
new business investment without lender approval; and
 
·
conducting transactions with our affiliates.
 
 
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In addition, under our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility, we are required to raise a minimum of $5.5 million by collecting or selling assets deemed to be non-core during 2009 and utilize such proceeds to pay down amounts owed under the facilities (described further in “Our assets are pledged and there are restrictions on securitizing/monetizing them” below). Further, proceeds of certain transactions must be used to repay the outstanding balances under these facilities. The outstanding balance on the Term Loan is required to be reduced to $39.0 million by July 15, 2009 and is due in full by December 31, 2009.  The outstanding balance on the termed-out portion of the Revolving Credit Facility is required to be reduced to $190.0 million by June 30, 2010, and is due in full by September 30, 2010.
 
See the description of our existing facilities under “ITEM 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – SECTION 4 – Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
 
If markets continue to experience volatility and general tightening of credit, we may be unable to achieve our strategic goals.  Alternatively, the debt we do arrange may carry a higher rate of interest, thereby decreasing our net income and cash flows.  As a result, certain growth initiatives could prove more costly or not economically feasible.  A failure to meet required amortization  payments of our debt facilities, renew our existing credit facilities, to increase our capacity under our existing facilities or to add new or replacement debt facilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
While we would pursue any options available to us in order to avoid the consequences of covenant default (such as working with our creditors to extend, modify or restructure our obligations, dispose of our assets or adjust our business, or otherwise pursue strategic and financial alternatives available to us in order to preserve enterprise value), we can provide no assurance that such efforts would enable us to avoid defaults on or the acceleration of our obligations or if implemented will not involve a substantial restructuring or alteration of our business operations or capital structure
 
Our businesses, results of operations and financial condition have been materially and adversely affected by recent market conditions
 
During 2008, worldwide economic conditions significantly deteriorated, including a steep decline in equity markets (which continue to be extremely volatile), lack of liquidity, widened credit spreads, lack of price transparency and the collapse of several prominent financial institutions.  Global regulators and central banks have taken a number of unprecedented steps to address these issues, but it is unclear whether these measures will be effective, or, if effective, when the markets will stabilize.
 
We have been materially and adversely affected by these conditions and events in a number of ways, including:
 
 
·
severe and continued declines to the market values of the investment portfolios of Consolidated Partnerships, leading to significant other-than-temporary impairments;
 
·
a general decline in business activity caused by stagnation in the many markets in which we operate; and
 
·
curtailment of our liquidity as described in “We may be unable to raise capital or access financing on favorable terms, or at all, and we may also be unable to repay or refinance our debt obligations” above.
 
Until markets recover, our businesses may continue to be negatively impacted.  Furthermore, there can be no assurance, even with government intervention, that we will resume levels of business activities we experienced in the past.
 
Our investments are relatively illiquid and would be difficult to sell, or to sell at acceptable prices
 
Most of our investments such as CMBS, retained CMBS certificates, Freddie Mac Certificates, investments in tax credit property partnerships and mortgage loans lack a regular trading market.  If a situation arises where we require additional cash, we could be forced to liquidate some or all of our investments on unfavorable terms (if any sale is possible) adversely affecting our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.  Additionally, the loss of future income from these investments would negatively impact our results of operations and cash flows in future periods.
 
We rely upon business relationships which may not continue
 
We rely upon relationships with key investors and developers.  If these relationships do not continue, or if we are unable to form new relationships, our ability to generate revenue will be adversely affected.  Specifically, in 2008:
 
 
·
five key investors provided approximately 91.9% of the equity capital raised by tax credit syndication funds we sponsored (JP Morgan Chase & Co. and HSBC Bank USA, N.A. each provided over 10.0% of the equity raised). Although Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were not investors of equity capital in these funds during 2008, they were significant investors in such funds in prior years, having contributed 13.3% of the equity capital raised in 2007;
 
·
five key developers provided approximately 65.8% of the tax credit properties for which we arranged equity financing (Penrose Properties, Inc. and Related Apartment Preservation LLC. each provided over 10.0%) ;
 
·
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were the purchasers of 99.0% of the loans originated by our Commercial Real Estate and Affordable Housing groups in 2008; and
 
 
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·
Freddie Mac is the counterparty to the re-securitization of our mortgage revenue bond portfolio.
 
Our ability to generate revenue through mortgage sales to institutional investors largely depends on programs sponsored by GSE’s, including Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which facilitate the issuance of mortgage-backed securities in the secondary market.  The federal government has placed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in conservatorship in an attempt to stabilize those GSEs, but the full impact of the conservatorship is yet to be determined.  We are not involved in the single family home mortgage business but we are involved with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac with respect to the multifamily rental housing finance business, which extends across our Affordable Housing, Commercial Real Estate and Portfolio Management groups.  Our agreements with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which afford us a number of advantages, may be canceled by the counterparty for cause.  Cancellation of one or more of these agreements would have a material adverse effect on our operating results and could result in further disqualification with other counterparties and other materially adverse consequences.
 
There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to do business with our key investors and developers or that new relationships will be formed.  Factors beyond our control may cause investors or purchasers to curtail their activities.  Developers may also experience financial difficulties that would, in turn, reduce the amount of business we transact with them.  If developers were to fail, it could also lead to some of the adverse consequences listed under “There are risks associated with investments secured by real estate, which may negatively affect our net income and cash flows” below.
 
We also rely upon relationships with providers of products in which we invest (e.g. CMBS) and investors who invest in the funds which we manage.  Many of these businesses with which we had existing relationships are no longer in business or have been recently acquired by other institutions, and it will be necessary for us to build new relationships with CMBS issuers, Wall Street firms, banks and insurance companies who create and sell high-yield debt products, in order to obtain product for our own account or for funds that we manage.
 
By reason of their regulated status, certain of our investors have regulatory incentives to invest in our sponsored investment funds in addition to the economic return from such investments.  A change in such regulations could result in determinations by such investors to seek other investment opportunities.
 
The inability to generate new income sources and to maintain our recurring income arrangements could have a negative impact on our net income and cash flows
 
Two revenue sources in our Affordable Housing group are transaction fees generated by our origination of new tax credit investment funds and recurring fees payable by existing and future funds.  Transaction fees are generally “up-front” fees that are generated:
 
 
·
by the origination of new investment funds; and
 
·
upon investment of the capital raised in an investment fund.
 
Recurring fees are generated by the ongoing operation of investment funds we sponsor and/or manage, some of which have finite lives.  With respect to funds originated in our Commercial Real Estate group, equity income is earned for our role as manager, our co-investment and our incentive fees.  The termination of one or more of these recurring arrangements, or the inability to sponsor new funds that generate new income, would reduce net income and cash flows.  Additionally, the terms of our Credit Facility restrict our ability to co-invest in new funds without lender consent.  There can be no assurance that existing arrangements will not be reduced or terminated or that we will be able to realize revenues from new investment funds.
 
Likewise, we earn fees for originating loans and ongoing fees for servicing loans.  A decline in origination volume or the loss or termination of a servicing arrangement could adversely affect our results of operations and reduce net income and cash flows.  There can be no assurance that existing recurring fee arrangements will not be reduced or terminated or that we will be able to realize revenues from new business.
 
There are risks associated with investments secured by real estate, which may negatively affect our net income and cash flows
 
Through our subsidiaries, we derive a large portion of our earnings by:
 
 
·
originating and managing funds that provide equity to tax credit property partnerships;
 
·
originating and managing funds that originate or acquire direct mortgage loans, high-yield CMBS or joint venture equity;
 
·
investing in mortgage revenue bonds; and
 
·
originating and servicing mortgages.
 
 
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Our success depends in large part on the performance of the properties underlying these investments, which subjects us to various types and degrees of risk, including the following:
 
 
·
the properties might not generate sufficient income to meet their operating expenses and payments on the related debt and/or operating expenses may escalate leading to the same result;
 
·
economic conditions may limit the amount of rent that can be charged at the properties, the timeliness of rent payments or a reduction in occupancy levels;
 
·
there may be rent limitations for certain properties that could limit our ability to generate the funds necessary to maintain the properties in proper condition;
 
·
if an investment defaults, the fair market value of the property securing such investment may be less than the principal amount of the investment;
 
·
there are certain types of losses which are either uninsurable or not economically insurable; as a result, the owners of the real estate securing our investments could be required to pay for such costs; and
 
·
a guarantor may be unable to fulfill its obligations.
 
All of these conditions and events may increase the possibility that, among other things:
 
 
·
a property owner may be unable to meet its obligations to us as holder of its debt;
 
·
a property owner may default on a mortgage for which we have a loss-sharing obligation;
 
·
a fund may not be able to pay our fees;
 
·
a fund may not generate the return that we have committed to provide and we may be called upon to satisfy the promised return;
 
·
our incentive fees from fund management may be subject to recapture if the funds do not reach overall investment hurdles; and
 
·
we could lose our invested capital and/or anticipated future revenue.
 
This could decrease the fair value of our investments, lower the fair value of assets we pledge as collateral, impair our ability to generate new business and negatively affect our net income and cash flows.
 
We may suffer adverse consequences from changing interest rates
 
Because a portion of our debt is variable rate and not hedged, an increase in interest rates could negatively affect our net income and cash flows.  Additionally, increasing interest rates may:
 
 
·
reduce the fair value of our investments or the investments of funds we manage and residual interests in securitization transactions;
 
·
decrease the amount we could realize on the sale or financing of those investments;
 
·
reduce the income and incentive fees from funds that we manage;
 
·
reduce the number of properties economically feasible to finance;
 
·
reduce the demand for financing, which could limit our ability to originate loans or to structure transactions, thereby reducing fees and interest we receive;
 
·
increase our borrowing costs;
 
·
restrict our access to capital; and
 
·
cause investors to find alternative investments that are more attractive than the equity funds we sponsor.
 
Conversely, falling interest rates may prompt historical renters to become homebuyers, in turn potentially reducing the demand for the multifamily rental housing we finance.  In addition, current market conditions have led to increased foreclosures, resulting in greater supply of low-cost homes which could lower the demand for multifamily rental housing.  Further, a portion of our net income is generated by interest income we earn on mortgage escrow deposits.  If interest rates decrease, our revenue decreases as well.
 
Furthermore, strategies we may follow to address these risks carry risks of their own, including, but not limited to:
 
 
·
the potential inability to refinance variable-rate debt at terms we find acceptable;
 
·
lack of availability of alternate sources of fixed-rate or lower cost financing;
 
·
default by interest rate swap counterparties on their obligations to us;
 
·
our inability to match the duration or reset periods of assets and liabilities that we want to mitigate the effect of changing rates; and
 
·
other efforts to manage risks related to changes in interest rates that may not be successful.
 
If a change in interest rates causes the consequences described above, or otherwise negatively affects us, the result could adversely affect our ability to generate net income or cash flows.
 
 
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We may be unable to raise capital for new investment funds
 
A large part of our net income is based on fees and equity income we earn for originating or managing investment funds, many of which have finite lives.  Our current strategy to expand our position as an asset manager is dependent upon our ability to attract investors to funds we originate.  Additionally, the terms of our credit facilities restrict our ability to co-invest in new funds (without lender consent) which may prevent others from investing.  If we are not successful in originating funds to expand our business and to replace others as they approach the end of their life cycles, our ability to earn income and generate cash flows will decline.
 
Additionally, real estate underlies most of our business lines, whether by virtue of sponsoring funds associated with real estate or by direct investment.  While sometimes viewed as an attractive investment sector, there is no guarantee that the investors in the funds we sponsor will continue to allocate capital to investments associated with real estate.  Should there be a general decline in capital invested in the sector, our ability to sponsor funds would be diminished and the income we earn from these activities would decline.
 
Certain management agreements have finite terms and may not be renewed which could negatively affect our net income and cash flows
 
We receive fees or equity allocations from investment funds we sponsor and manage.  These funds generally do not require or authorize their investors to approve the funds’ management arrangements with us as we will generally have controlling interests in the funds or the entities which control the funds.  However, our management is subject to the fiduciary duty to the investors in those funds, which may affect our ability to continue to collect the fees and equity allocations.  Furthermore, the organizational documents of certain of these funds allow for the investors to remove us as general partner or managing member without cause or upon the occurrence of certain events.  Although the funds will generally be required to pay fair market value if they exercise this right, our right to receive future fees would terminate and there can be no assurance that the payment will fully compensate us for the future loss in revenue.  Finally, many of these funds have finite lives, after which they are liquidated.  The termination of a fund will result in a termination of the fees we receive from it.
 
Heightened competition may negatively impact our earnings
 
We are subject to competition in all of our business lines, as described in Item 1. – Business – Business Overview – Competition.  As competition increases, we may experience compression in the level of profits we earn on our various investments and financing products due to, among other things:
 
 
·
reductions in the rate of fees we earn from originating and managing funds;
 
·
reductions in the rate of interest we earn on investments;
 
·
reductions in the rates of origination and servicing fees for mortgages; and
 
·
lower levels of discounts at which high-yield investments may be purchased.
 
As we often borrow funds to make investments, rising interest rates may compound this issue.  Absent cost reductions, such compression may not permit us to enjoy the margins we have achieved historically, thereby lowering our revenues and net income.
 
Other parties have the first right to cash flows from our residual interest investments
 
Because of our utilization of securitizations, we own certain on balance-sheet residual interests subordinate in right of payment to other senior securities.  There are risks in owning such residual interests that could adversely affect our net income and cash flows, including:
 
 
·
the risk that borrowers may not be able to make payments, resulting in us, as the holder of the residual interests, receiving principal and interest payments that are less than expected or no payment at all; and
 
·
the risk that the holders of the senior interests may control the ability to enforce remedies, limiting our ability to take actions that might protect our interests.
 
Further, the cash flows we receive for many of these investments are specifically pledged and must be used to reduce the balance outstanding under our credit facilities.  Any reduction in the cash flows as noted above could prevent us from reducing our debt to required levels as of specified dates, thereby causing us to be in default of the agreements.
 
Our assets are pledged and there are restrictions on securitizing/monetizing them
 
Substantially all of our assets have been pledged as collateral in connection with our debt facilities and credit intermediation activities and we may not have full access to them until we exit the related programs.  This may prevent us from entering into other financing agreements at terms more favorable than under existing agreements.  Also, if we are unable to meet the payment terms under the related agreements, we may be forced to sell certain assets, which could result in losses and the elimination of income and cash flows we currently earn.
 
 
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There are risks of loss associated with our mortgage originations that may negatively impact our net income and cash flows
 
In our DUS program, we originate loans through one of our subsidiaries that are thereafter purchased or credit enhanced by Fannie Mae.  For most of these loans, we retain a first loss position with respect to loans that we originate and sell under this program.  For these loss sharing loans, we assume responsibility for a portion of any loss that may result from borrower defaults, based on the Fannie Mae loss sharing formulas, and Fannie Mae risk Levels I, II or III.  All of the 866 loss sharing loans in this program as of December 31, 2008 were Level I loans.  For such loans, if a default occurs, we are responsible for the first 5% of the unpaid principal balance and a portion of any additional losses to a maximum of 20% of the original principal balance; any remaining loss is borne by Fannie Mae.  For Level II and Level III loans, we may carry a higher loss sharing percentage.
 
Under the terms of our master loss sharing agreement with Fannie Mae, we are responsible for funding 100% of mortgagor delinquency (principal and interest) and servicing advances (taxes, insurance and foreclosure costs) until the amounts advanced exceed 5% of the unpaid principal balance at the date of default.  Thereafter, for Level I loans, we may request interim loss sharing adjustments which allow us to fund 25% of such advances until final settlement under the master loss sharing agreement.  No interim sharing adjustments are available for Level II and Level III loans.
 
We also participate in loss sharing transactions under Freddie Mac’s DUI program whereby we originate loans that are purchased by Freddie Mac.  Under the terms of our master agreement with Freddie Mac, we are obligated to reimburse Freddie Mac for a portion of any loss that may result from borrower defaults on DUI transactions.  For such loans, if a default occurs, our share of the loss will be the first 5% of the unpaid principal balance and 25% of the next 20% of the remaining unpaid principal balance to a maximum of 10% of the unpaid principal balance.  The loss on a defaulted loan is calculated as the unpaid principal amount due, unpaid interest due and default resolutions costs (taxes, insurance, operation and foreclosure costs) less recoveries.
 
Our maximum “first loss” exposure under the DUS and DUI programs is detailed in ITEM 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis – SECTION 4 – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Commitments and Contingencies - Off Balance Sheet Arrangements and Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
As a mortgage lender, we must comply with numerous licensing requirements, and our inability to remain in compliance with such requirements could adversely affect our operations and, in general, our reputation
 
Like other mortgage lending companies, we must comply with the applicable licensing and other regulatory requirements of each jurisdiction in which we are authorized to lend.  These requirements are complex and vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.  From time to time we are subject to examination by regulators and, if it is determined that we are not in compliance with the applicable requirements, we may be fined, and our license to lend in one or more jurisdictions may be suspended or revoked.
 
We may be negatively impacted by new accounting literature currently proposed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board
 
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has proposed literature that, among other things, would require the consolidation of certain entities commonly referred to as “qualified” special purpose entities or QSPEs.  For our CMBS funds, we purchase high-yield CMBS securities from QSPEs at which time we also, in general, obtain the primary and special servicing rights related to the underlying mortgages for the securities.  Current interpretation of the proposed literature could result in us consolidating these entities which would impact our financial position on a gross basis.  Consolidation would also obligate us to bear the cost of auditing such entities which would negatively impact our results of operations and cash flows to the extent we incurred additional audit, valuation and similar fees, which could be material.
 
2.  Risks Related to Our Affordable Housing Group
 
There is a risk of elimination of, or changes to, governmental programs that could limit our product offerings
 
A significant portion of our Affordable Housing group revenues is derived from the syndication of partnership interests in partnerships that invest in properties eligible for LIHTCs which are a provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).
 
Section 42 of the Code authorizes federal LIHTCs for affordable multifamily rental housing.  Under this program, a project either receives an allocation of federal LIHTCs from an agency designated by the government of the state in which the project is located or the project is entitled to the LIHTCs by reason of its being financed by volume cap mortgage revenue bonds.  There are two types of credits:
 
 
·
4% credits – for new buildings and existing buildings financed with mortgage revenue bonds that receive an allocation of the volume cap, or for new and existing buildings financed with below-market federal financing that receive an allocation of federal LIHTCs from state agencies; and
 
 
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·
9% credits – for new buildings that receive an allocation of federal LIHTCs from state agencies.
 
The credits are taken over a period of ten years, which can span over an 11-year operating period.  The credit amount is based on the qualified basis of each building, which is based upon the adjusted basis of the building multiplied by the percentage of units in the building leased to low-income tenants.
 
In order to qualify for the federal LIHTC, the property must comply with either of the “20/50” or “40/60” tests that apply to tax-exempt bonds (see “The treatment  of our income as federally tax exempt  depends upon the application of tax laws that could be challenged” under Risks Related to Application of Tax Laws later in this section).  In addition, the amount of rent that may be charged to qualifying low-income tenants cannot exceed 30% of the “imputed income” for each unit, i.e., 30% of the imputed income of a family earning 50% or 60% of area median income, as adjusted for family size.  Failure to comply continuously with these requirements throughout the 15-year recapture period could result in a recapture of the federal LIHTCs.  In addition, if the rents from the property are not sufficient to pay debt service on the mortgage revenue bonds or other financing secured by the property and a default ensues, the initial borrower could lose ownership of the project as the result of foreclosure of the mortgage.  In such event, the initial equity investors would no longer be entitled to claim the federal LIHTCs, but the foreclosing lender could claim the remaining LIHTCs provided the project continues to be operated in accordance with the requirements of Section 42.  As a result, there is a strong incentive for the federal LIHTC investor to ensure that the development is current on debt service payments by making additional capital contributions or otherwise.
 
With respect to most of the properties, substantially all the multifamily units are rented to individuals or families earning no greater than 60% of area median income and, thus, substantially all of the qualified basis may be used to determine the amount of the federal LIHTC.  This maximizes the amount of equity raised from the purchasers of the federal LIHTCs for each development and provides for the maximum amount of rent that can be obtained from tenants where there is currently strong occupancy demand.
 
The Tax Credit funds we sponsor contribute the negotiated equity to the developer/owner, paid over a period of time.  In the case of properties utilizing 4% credits, this contribution will usually provide between 25% and 35% of the costs of the development.  For properties utilizing 9% credits, this contribution will usually provide between 45% and 55% of the cost of the development.
 
Since LIHTCs are a part of the Code, Congress could repeal or modify this legislation at any time or modify the tax laws so that the value of LIHTC benefits is reduced.  If such legislation is repealed or adversely modified, we would no longer be able to pursue this portion of our business strategy.
 
Our role as a sponsor of investment funds and co-developer of Tax Credit properties exposes us to risks of loss
 
In connection with the sponsorship of investment funds and joint venture activities for co-development of Tax Credit properties, we act as a fiduciary to the investors in our investment funds and are often required to also provide performance guarantees.  We advance funds to acquire interests in Tax Credit property partnerships for inclusion in investment funds and, at any point in time, the amount of funds advanced can be material.  Recovery of these amounts is subject to our ability to attract investors to new investment funds or, if investors are not found, the sale of the partnership interests in the underlying properties.  We could also be liable to investors in investment funds and third parties as a result of serving as general partner or special limited partner in various investment funds.
 
The Tax Credit properties utilize their cash flows to cover debt service costs as well as operational costs.  We historically acquired mortgage revenue bonds that financed such properties and re-securitized most of the bonds in 2007.  We retained a residual interest in that transaction, the value of which depends upon the underlying properties’ ability to cover debt service costs.  If a significant number of property partnerships default on their obligations, the impact on the value of our residual interests could be material and would negatively impact our net income and cash flows.  In addition, investors in the Tax Credit funds we sponsor and manage anticipate certain returns on their investment and for certain funds we have agreed to provide specified rates of return.  If the Tax Credit properties in which these funds invest do not perform as expected, we may be required to make payments in order to meet our committed level of return (see also “There are risks associated with credit intermediation and commitments to provide specified rates of return that expose us to losses” under Risks Related to Our Credit Risk Products Group).
 
We may advance monies to a fund to cover shortfalls at the property partnership level, although we are not required to do so, to maintain our relationship with Tax Credit fund investors and to preserve the value of our residual interests in the mortgage revenue bonds we re-securitized.  However, the amount we may advance is subject to limitations imposed by our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility and may not adequately address amounts needed to cover debt service costs.  If we make such advances, there can be no assurance that we will be able to recover the monies.  If we determine that any such advances are not recoverable, the negative impact on our net income and cash flows could be material.
 
 
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Funds may not generate sufficient cash to pay fees due to us, which may negatively impact our net income and cash flows
 
Much of the revenue in our Affordable Housing group is earned from fees that Tax Credit funds we sponsor and manage pay to our subsidiaries for services rendered.  These funds are dependent upon the cash flows of Tax Credit property partnerships in which they invest to generate their own cash flows that are used to pay such fees for services, such as asset management and advisory services.  As the Tax Credit property partnerships are susceptible to numerous operational risks (see “There are risks associated with investments secured by real estate, which may negatively affect our net income and cash flows” under General Risks Related to our Business above), the Tax Credit funds may not collect sufficient cash to pay the fees they owe to us.  If we do not receive these fees, or if we determine that the fees are not collectible, the loss of such revenue would negatively impact our net income and cash flows.
 
3.  Risks Related to Our Commercial Real Estate Group
 
Investments in non-investment grade CMBS and High-Yield Debt are subject to risk of loss
 
We have invested in subordinated CMBS for our own account and through the CMBS funds we sponsor and manage.  Subordinated CMBS of the type in which we and our funds invest typically include "first loss" and non-investment grade subordinated interests, commonly referred to as high-yield.  A first loss security is the most subordinate class in a structure and accordingly is the first to bear the loss upon a default, restructuring or liquidation of the underlying collateral, is the last to receive payment of interest and principal and is often not assigned an investment rating.  Accordingly, such classes are subject to a greater risk of loss of principal and non-payment of interest than more senior, rated classes.  The market values of subordinated interests in CMBS and other subordinated securities tend to be more sensitive to changes in economic conditions than more senior, rated classes.  As a result of these and other factors, subordinated interests generally are not actively traded and are relatively illiquid investments.
 
In addition, volatility in trading markets for CMBS has caused the value of investments to decline significantly in 2008.  This circumstance is compounded by the decreased liquidity in the market for such investments and the decreased availability of long-term financing (see also “An inability to raise capital or access financing on favorable terms, or at all, could adversely affect our growth” under General Risks Related to our Business above).
 
In addition, if market conditions continue into the liquidation periods of the investment funds we manage and they are required to sell assets, the losses they would realize could be significant.  As we have co-investments in the funds and earn incentive fees based on their performance, the impact of such losses would negatively impact our net income and cash flows.
 
4.  Risks Related to Our Portfolio Management Group
 
If our loan servicing portfolio decreases, our net income and cash flows would be negatively affected
 
A large portion of our revenues in the Portfolio Management group relate to recurring fees for servicing mortgages we originate or those for which we have sub-servicing or special servicing agreements.  Loans in our portfolio are subject to maturity, prepayments, defaults and refinancing after which we may not recapture the loan.  Changes in market factors may also reduce the level of pre-securitization servicing that we perform.  Upon these events, our portfolio would decline, depriving us of the associated revenue stream.  This, in turn, would negatively affect our net income and cash flows.
 
A downgrade in our servicer ratings could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations
 
Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch rate us as a mortgage servicer.  Our current favorable servicer ratings from these entities are important to conduct our loan servicing business.  We can provide no assurance that these ratings will not be downgraded in the future.  Any such downgrade could have an adverse effect on our business, financing activities, financial condition or results of operations.
 
5.  Risks Related to Our Credit Risk Products Group
 
There are risks associated with credit intermediation and commitments to provide specified rates of return that expose us to losses
 
Through our subsidiaries, we provide credit intermediation to third parties for a fee.  If such third parties default on their obligations for which we provided credit intermediation, our loss would likely be in an amount far in excess of the fee paid to us for providing the service.  We also contract to provide specified internal rates of return to investors in tax credit funds we sponsor.  In connection with such transactions we might be required to advance funds to ensure that the investors do not lose their expected tax benefits and, if the internal rate of return to investors falls below the specified level, we would be required to make a payment so that the specified rate of return will be achieved.  Our maximum potential liability pursuant to those transactions is detailed in ITEM 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis – SECTION 4 – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Commitments and Contingencies – Off Balance Sheet Arrangements and Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
 
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6.  Risks Related to Application of Tax Laws
 
Our classification as a publicly traded partnership not taxable as a corporation is not free from doubt and could be challenged
 
We, and many of our Affordable Housing and Commercial Real Estate subsidiaries, operate as partnerships or are disregarded for federal income tax purposes.  This allows us to pass through our income, including our federally tax-exempt income, and deductions to our shareholders.  The listing of our common shares on the Over-the-Counter Exchange causes us to be treated as a “publicly traded partnership” for federal income tax purposes.  We believe that we have been and are properly treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes.  However, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) could challenge our partnership status and we could fail to qualify as a partnership in years that are subject to audit or in future years.  Qualification as a partnership involves the application of numerous technical legal provisions.  For example, a publicly traded partnership is generally taxable as a corporation unless 90% or more of its gross income is “qualifying” income (which includes interest, dividends, real property rents, gains from the sale or other disposition of real property, gain from the sale or other disposition of capital assets held for the production of interest or dividends, and certain other items).  We have represented that in all prior years of our existence at least 90% of our gross income was qualifying income and we intend to conduct our operations in a manner such that at least 90% of our gross income will constitute qualifying income in the current year and in the future.  Although the issue is not free from doubt, we believe we have been and are properly treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes.
 
In determining whether interest is treated as qualifying income under these rules, interest income derived from a “financial business” and income and gains derived by a “dealer” in securities are not treated as qualifying income.  We have represented that we are acting as an investor with respect to our remaining mortgage revenue bond investments and that we have not engaged in, and will not engage in, a financial business, although there is no clear guidance on what constitutes a financial business under the tax law.  We have taken the position that for purposes of determining whether we are in a financial business, Affordable Housing activities that we are engaged in now and that we contemplate engaging in prospectively would not cause us to be engaged in a financial business or to be considered a “dealer” in securities.  The IRS could assert that our activities constitute a financial business.  If our activities constitute (or as a result of increased volume constitute) a financial business or cause us to be treated as a dealer, there is a substantial risk that more than 10% of our gross income would not constitute qualifying income.  We could also be treated as if we were engaged in a financial business if the activities of Centerline Capital Group (“CCG”) and its subsidiaries were attributed to us and were determined to constitute a financial business.  CCG is subject to income tax on its income.  Accordingly, we believe the activities and income of CCG and its subsidiaries will not be attributed to Centerline for purposes of determining Centerline’s tax status.  In addition, in determining whether interest is treated as qualifying income, interest income that is determined based upon the income or profits of any person is not treated as qualifying income.  A portion of the interest payable on participating interest bonds owned by us is determined based upon the income or profits of the properties securing our investments.  Accordingly, if we were to receive more than 10% of our gross income in any given year from such “contingent interest,” the IRS could take the position that we should be treated as a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation.  There can be no assurance that such monitoring would be effective in all events to avoid the receipt of contingent interest and any other non-qualifying income in any given year that exceeds 10% of our gross income because circumstances outside of our (or our subsidiaries) control could cause such a result.
 
If, for any reason, less than 90% of our gross income constitutes qualifying income, items of income and deduction would not pass through to our shareholders and our shareholders would be treated for federal income tax purposes as stockholders in a corporation.  We would be required to pay income tax at corporate rates on any portion of our net income that did not constitute tax-exempt income.  In addition, a portion of our federally tax-exempt income may be included in determining our alternative minimum tax liability.  Distributions by us to our shareholders would constitute dividend income taxable to such holders to the extent of our earnings and profits, which would include tax-exempt income, as well as any taxable income we might have, and the payment of these distributions would not be deductible by us.  These consequences would have a material adverse effect on us, our shareholders and the price of our shares.
 
There is a risk that the IRS will disagree with our judgment with respect to allocations
 
We use various accounting and reporting conventions to determine each shareholder’s allocable share of income, including any market discount taxable as ordinary income, gain, loss and deductions.  Our allocation provisions will be respected for federal income tax purposes only if they are considered to have “substantial economic effect” or are in accordance with the partners’ “interest in the partnership.” There is no assurance that the IRS will agree with our various accounting methods, conventions and allocation provisions, particularly our allocation of adjustments to shareholders attributable to the differences between the shareholders’ purchase price of common shares and their shares of our tax basis in our assets, pursuant to an election we made.
 
The structure of our acquisitions could be challenged
 
Our acquisitions of Centerline Affordable Housing Advisors LLC (“CAHA”) and other subsidiaries were structured to prevent us from realizing active income from these businesses and effectively to receive a tax deduction (via the allocation of subsidiary income) for payments made to its selling principals.  It is possible that the IRS could challenge this structure, with material adverse consequences to us.  First, the IRS could assert that we, as the parent trust, are the owner of these businesses, in which case the parent trust would realize an amount of active income from them that would require it to be treated as a corporation instead of a publicly traded partnership for income tax purposes.  If the IRS prevailed, we would be required to pay taxes on that income, thereby reducing the amount available for us to make distributions.  As a result, it is likely that the value of our shares would decline.  Second, the IRS might assert that the Special Common Units (“SCUs”) and Special Common Interests (“SCIs”) held by the selling principals of the businesses and others are actually shares of our Company.  If this position prevailed, the distributions payable on the units would not reduce the taxable income of CCG.  In such event, CCG would be subject to increased tax, which could reduce our net income, our cash flows and our distributions, which could also result in a decrease in the portion of our distributions that is excluded from gross income for federal income tax purposes.
 
 
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The treatment of our income as federally tax exempt depends upon the application of tax laws that could be challenged
 
In our Affordable Housing business, we invest primarily in investments that generate tax-exempt income.  However, the IRS may seek to re-characterize a portion of our tax-exempt income as taxable income as described below.  If the IRS were successful, a shareholder’s distributive share of such income would be taxable to the shareholder, regardless of whether an amount of cash equal to such distributive share is actually distributed.  Any taxable income would be allocated pro rata among our CRA Preferred Shares, our CRA Shares and our common shares.
 
Tax-exemption of interest on mortgage revenue bonds
 
On the date of original issuance or re-issuance of each mortgage revenue bond, nationally recognized bond counsel or special tax counsel rendered its opinion to the effect that, based on the law in effect on that date, interest on such mortgage revenue bonds is excludable from federally-taxable gross income, except with respect to any revenue bond  during any period in which it is held by a “substantial user” of the property financed with the proceeds of such mortgage revenue bonds or a “related person” of such a “substantial user.”  Each opinion speaks only as of the date it was delivered.  However, an opinion of counsel has no binding effect and there is no assurance that the IRS will not contest these conclusions or, if contested, that they will be sustained by a court.
 
The Code establishes certain requirements which must be met subsequent to the issuance and delivery of tax-exempt mortgage revenue bonds for interest on such mortgage revenue bonds to remain excludable from federally-taxable gross income.  Among these continuing requirements are restrictions on the investment and use of the revenue bond proceeds.  In addition, there is a requirement that the property be operated as a rental property and that during the Qualified Project Period (defined below) at least either:
 
 
·
20% of the units must be rented to individuals or families whose income is less than 50% of the area median gross income (the “20/50 test”); or
 
·
40% of the units must be rented to individuals or families whose income is less than 60% of the area median gross income (the “40/60 test”);
 
in each case with adjustments for family size.  The Qualified Project Period begins when 10% of the units in the property are first occupied and ends on the latest of the date:
 
 
(i)
which is 15 years after 50% of the units are occupied;
 
(ii)
on which all the bonds have been retired; or
 
(iii)
on which any assistance provided under Section 8 of the U.S. Housing Act of 1937 terminates.
 
Continuing requirements also include compliance and compliance with rules pertaining to arbitrage.  Each issuer of the mortgage revenue bonds, as well as each of the underlying borrowers, has covenanted to comply with certain procedures and guidelines designed to ensure satisfaction of the continuing requirements of the Code.  Failure to comply with these continuing requirements of the Code may cause the interest on such bonds to be includable in federally-taxable gross income retroactively to the date of issuance, regardless of when such noncompliance occurs.  Greenberg Traurig, LLP (also referred to as “Greenberg Traurig”) as our bond counsel, and Paul Hastings, as our securities counsel (Greenberg Traurig and Paul Hastings are collectively referred to herein as our “Counsel”), have not, in connection with this filing, passed upon and do not assume any responsibility for, but rather have assumed the continuing correctness of, the opinions of bond counsel or special tax counsel (including opinions rendered by Greenberg Traurig) relating to the exclusion from federally-taxable gross income of interest on the mortgage revenue bonds and have not independently verified whether any events or circumstances have occurred since the date such opinions were rendered that would adversely affect the conclusions set forth herein.
 
“Substantial User Limitation”
 
Interest on a mortgage revenue bond we own will not be excluded from gross income during any period in which we are a "substantial user" of the properties financed with the proceeds of such mortgage revenue bond or a "related person" to a "substantial user." A “substantial user” generally includes any underlying borrower and any person or entity that uses the financed properties on other than a de minimis basis.
 
 
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Greenberg Traurig has reviewed most of the mortgage revenue bonds we own, the ownership of the obligors of our mortgage revenue bonds and the ownership of our shares and our subsidiaries' shares and, with respect to the mortgage revenue bonds which it reviewed, concurs in the conclusion that we are not "substantial users" of the properties financed with the proceeds of the mortgage revenue bonds or related parties thereto.  There can be no assurance, however, that the IRS would not challenge such conclusion.  If such challenge were successful, the interest received on any bond for which we were treated as a "substantial user" or a "related party" thereto would be includable in federally taxable gross income.
 
Tax exemption of distributions on residual interest
 
We hold residual interests in a large number of federally tax-exempt mortgage revenue bonds, primarily through our re-securitization program with Freddie Mac.  These residual interests entitle us to a share of the federally tax-exempt interest of such mortgage revenue bonds.  Special tax counsel for each securitization program has rendered an opinion to the effect that the issuer of the residual interests will be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and the holders of the residual interests will be treated as partners of such partnership.  Consequently, as the holder of the residual interests, we treat our share of the federally tax-exempt income allocated and distributed to us as federally tax-exempt income.  However, it is possible that the IRS could disagree with those conclusions and an alternative characterization could cause income from the residual interests to be treated as ordinary taxable income.  If such an assertion of an alternative characterization prevailed, it would materially adversely affect us and our shareholders.
 
In addition, it is possible that the interest on one or more of the mortgage revenue bonds in which we own a residual interest could be treated by the IRS as taxable ordinary income.  In such event, the distributions on such residual interest would also, to the extent of such taxable interest on an underlying mortgage revenue bond, be treated as taxable ordinary income.  Also, in most securitization programs, including the Freddie Mac securitization, we are obligated to repurchase any mortgage revenue bond the interest on which has been determined by the IRS to be taxable ordinary income.
 
The following discussion relates only to our REIT subsidiary:
 
Adverse consequences of failure to maintain REIT status may include taxation of a portion of our earnings not otherwise taxable
 
Centerline REIT, Inc. (“Centerline REIT”), a subsidiary, intends to continue to operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.  If Centerline REIT were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it would be subject to federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income at regular corporate rates, and distributions to its stockholders would not be deductible in computing its taxable income.  Any such corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our shareholders.  Unless entitled to relief under certain provisions of the Code, Centerline REIT also would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which it ceased to qualify as a REIT.
 
Centerline REIT must distribute annually at least 90% of its taxable income (excluding any net capital gain) in order to be exempt from corporate income taxation of the earnings that it distributes.  In addition, Centerline REIT is subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which certain distributions it pays with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of:
 
 
1.
85% of its ordinary income for that year,
 
2.
95% of its capital gain net income for that year; and
 
3.
100% of its undistributed ordinary income and capital gain net income from prior years.
 
While Centerline REIT intends to make distributions to its stockholders to comply with the 90% distribution requirement and to be exempt from the nondeductible excise tax, differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash may require it to borrow funds to meet this distribution requirement and to avoid the excise tax.  In addition, the requirement to distribute a substantial portion of its taxable income could cause Centerline REIT to:
 
 
1.
distribute amounts that represent a return of capital;
 
2.
distribute amounts that would otherwise be spent on capital expenditures or repayment of debt; or
 
3.
distribute amounts that may be treated as excess inclusion income and accordingly, unrelated business taxable income in the hands of certain not-for-profit stockholders.
 
To qualify as a REIT, Centerline REIT must satisfy certain requirements concerning the nature of its assets and income, which may restrict its ability to invest in various types of assets.  Specifically:
 
 
1.
at least 75% of Centerline REIT’s assets must consist of real estate assets, cash and cash items, and certain government securities, to ensure that the bulk of Centerline REIT’s investments are either equity or mortgage interests in real property; and
 
 
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2.
Centerline REIT will not be able to acquire securities (other than securities that are treated as an interest in real property or interests in a taxable REIT subsidiary) of any single issuer that would represent either more than 5% of the total value of its assets or 10% of the voting securities of such issuer, to ensure a diversification of Centerline REIT’s non-real-property investments.
 
In addition, to satisfy the income requirements of a REIT, Centerline REIT generally will be restricted to acquiring assets that generate qualifying income for purposes of certain income tests.  These restrictions could affect adversely Centerline REIT’s ability to optimize its portfolio of assets.
 
Changes in Tax Laws Regarding REITs Could Adversely Affect Our Net Income
 
Congress, and to some extent the United States Department of Treasury, as well as state legislatures and regulatory authorities, could at any time adversely change the way in which a REIT and its stockholders are taxed, by imposing additional entity-level taxes, further restricting the permissible beneficial ownership and types of assets and income of a REIT, requiring additional distributions, or changing the law in any other respect.  Moreover, such changes could apply retroactively.  Should any such changes be implemented, they would likely cause our net income to decline.
 
7.  Risks Related to Investing in Our Company
 
We are currently restricted from paying dividends and non-payment of dividends could result in the addition of members to our board
 
Under our amended Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility, we are prohibited from paying dividends on most of our common and preferred shares.  With respect to our 11.0% Preferred Shares (see Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements), if dividends are in arrears for six or more quarterly periods, holders of those shares are entitled to nominate and elect two trustees to our Board for a one-year term.  A similar provision exists under our Redeemable CRA Preferred Shares (see Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements) if dividends are in arrears for six or more consecutive quarters.  Common shareholders would have no vote related to the election of such trustees and the interest of the preferred shareholders that elect them may not be consistent with the interests of common shareholders.
 
Holding our common stock could result in income taxes without corresponding cash distributions
 
The Company continues to generate taxable income from its Commercial Real Estate businesses as well as taxable and nontaxable income from its remaining mortgage revenue bond holdings.  As a partnership, this income will be passed through to our common shareholders. Further, since our economic interest in mortgage revenue bonds has decreased, we expect that the tax-exempt portion of our income will decline. With the suspension of the preferred and common dividends, as discussed above, most common shareholders will have a tax liability with respect to the taxable portion or our income and no cash distributions to offset that liability. We expect this to be the case as long as the debt facilities remain outstanding.
 
Because we hold most of our investments through our subsidiaries, our shareholders are effectively subordinated to the liabilities and equity of our subsidiaries and our preferred shares
 
We hold most of our investments through our subsidiaries.  Because we own only common equity of our subsidiaries, we, and therefore holders of our shares, are effectively subordinated to the debt obligations, preferred equity, SCUs and SCIs of our subsidiaries, which at December 31, 2008, aggregated approximately $1.4 billion.  In particular, the holders of the preferred shares of Equity Issuer are entitled to receive preferential distributions with respect to $377.5 million of residual interest investments it holds.  Accordingly, a portion of the cash flow from our investments, particularly certain retained interests, will not be available for distribution on our common shares.  Likewise if we pay a common dividend in future periods:
 
 
·
holders of SCUs issued by our Centerline Capital Company LLC (“CCC”) subsidiary are entitled to receive preferential distributions with respect to the earnings of CCC and its subsidiaries; and
 
·
holders of SCIs issued by our Centerline Investors I LLC (“Centerline Investors”) subsidiary are entitled to receive preferential distributions with respect to the earnings of Centerline Investors.
 
Additionally, we have issued preferred shares that rank senior to our common shares with respect to payment of dividends, and other distributions and liquidation.  While most of these preferred shares are convertible into common shares, the preferences will exist at all times prior to any such conversion.
 
Our earnings, therefore, may not be available for distribution to our common shareholders.
 
We depend upon the services of our executive officers
 
We and our subsidiaries depend upon the services of our executive officers and other individuals who comprise our executive management team.  All decisions with respect to the management and control of our Company and our subsidiaries, subject to the supervision of our Board of Trustees (or the applicable subsidiary’s board), are currently made by these key officers.  The departure or the loss of the services of any of these key officers or a large number of senior management personnel and other employees could have a material adverse effect on our ability to operate our business effectively and our future results of operations.
 
 
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Our Board of Trustees can change our business policies unilaterally
 
Our Board of Trustees may amend or revise our business plan and certain other policies without shareholder approval.  Therefore, our shareholders have no control over changes in our policies, including our business policies with respect to acquisitions, financing, growth, debt, capitalization and distributions, which are determined by our Board of Trustees.
 
There are possible adverse effects arising from shares available for future sale
 
Subject to restrictions imposed by our debt agreements, our board of trustees is permitted to offer additional equity or debt securities of our Company and our subsidiaries in exchange for money, property or other consideration.  Our ability to sell or exchange such securities will depend on conditions then prevailing in the relevant capital markets and our results of operations, financial condition, investment portfolio and business prospects.  As long as the issuance is made in accordance with our trust agreement, the issuance of such additional securities would not be subject to the approval of our shareholders and could negatively affect the resale price of our shares.  Shareholders would not have any preemptive rights in connection with the issuance of any additional securities we or our subsidiaries may offer and any of our equity offerings would cause dilution of a shareholder’s investment in us.
 
As of December 31, 2008, 13.1 million common shares remained issuable in exchange for outstanding SCUs, 0.3 million common shares remained issuable in exchange for outstanding SCIs and we have granted restricted common shares of which 2.6 million were unvested at December 31, 2008.  When these shares vest and/or convert, their sale in the public market could, and depending upon the number of involved, likely would, adversely affect prevailing market prices of our shares and our ability to raise additional capital through the equity markets.
 
In addition, we have issued other series of shares that are convertible into common shares, including:
 
 
·
Convertible Community Reinvestment Act Preferred Shares;
 
·
Series A Convertible Community Reinvestment Act Preferred Shares;
 
·
4.4% Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Community Reinvestment Act Preferred Shares; and
 
·
11.0% Preferred Shares.
 
As of December 31, 2008, these shares were convertible into an aggregate of 20.3 million common shares.  In addition, as of December 31, 2008:
 
 
· 
TRCLP and its owners indirectly held 10.2 million of the outstanding SCUs and 1.1 million common shares which, subject to some exceptions, are not subject to a lock-up agreement;
 
· 
An affiliate of TRCLP also holds 10.8 million of our 11.0% Preferred Shares; and
 
· 
Former executives of our Company held 1.9 million of the outstanding SCUs and the 0.3 million outstanding SCIs.  These SCUs and SCIs are not subject to lock-up agreements and may be converted to common shares at any time.
 
Lastly, under the terms of an agreement, a creditor has the option of converting amounts outstanding beginning in June 2009 into common shares of the Company.  As of December 31, 2008, the amount outstanding was $28.4 million.
 
The former owners of Centerline Affordable Housing Advisors and members of our management team have significant voting power on matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders, and their interests may be in conflict with the interests of our other shareholders
 
In connection with our acquisition of CAHA in 2003, we issued to each of its selling principals one special preferred voting share for each SCU they received.  Our special preferred voting shares have no economic interest, but entitle each holder to one vote per special preferred voting share on all matters subject to a vote of the holders of our common shares.  The selling principals of CAHA who received special preferred voting shares include Marc D. Schnitzer, our Chief Executive Officer and President, and a subsidiary of Related Companies, L.P. (“TRCLP”), which is controlled by Stephen M. Ross, the chairman of our Board of Trustees.
 
Mr. Schnitzer has also received share grants from the Company that are entitled to vote during the vesting periods, as have other members of our executive management team.  An affiliate of TRCLP also holds most of the 11.0% Preferred Shares, which are entitled to vote as if they were converted to common shares.  As a result of the special preferred voting share issuance, additional common shares directly or indirectly owned by them, share grants we have made and the 11.0% Preferred Shares, members of our executive management team and Mr. Ross in the aggregate directly or indirectly owned voting shares representing approximately 33.0% of our voting power as of December 31, 2008.  As such, if they vote as a block, such shareholders will have significant voting power on all matters submitted to a vote of our common shareholders.
 
 
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Also, because Mr. Schnitzer and Mr. Ross serve as our managing trustees, there are ongoing conflicts of interest when we are required to determine whether or not to take actions to enforce our rights under the various agreements entered into in connection with the CAHA acquisition.  While any material decisions involving these persons are subject to the vote of a majority of our independent trustees, such decisions may create conflicts between us and these persons. Similarly, as TRCLP is the developer of several properties in which we or the funds we manage have debt or equity investments, there are ongoing conflicts of interest when we are required to determine whether to take actions to enforce our rights under the agreements governing those relationships.  As discussed in Note 28 to the consolidated financial statements, the funds we manage have recorded impairment charges associated with certain properties managed by TRCLP or its affiliates and as a result, we have been in active negotiations with TRCLP regarding such properties.
 
In addition, we have some obligations to the former owners of CAHA which will require us to make choices as to how we operate our business and which may affect those obligations.  For example, we have guaranteed the payment to all holders of the SCUs of all but $5.0 million of the distributions they would otherwise be entitled to receive from CCC.  In addition, we have agreed to share cash flow from investment funds so that we and certain of these former owners can receive payment of deferred fees.  Further, TRCLP and its affiliates currently engage in businesses which compete with us.  The non-competition covenants contained in a future relations agreement entered into by TRCLP and its affiliates in connection with our acquisition of CAHA prohibit TRCLP and its affiliates from competing with any business currently engaged in by us other than in specified areas, including:
 
 
·
providing credit intermediation on debt products secured by “80/20” multifamily housing properties; and
 
·
providing mezzanine financing to multifamily housing properties other than so-called “tax credit properties.”
 
There can be no assurance that we and TRCLP and its affiliates will not compete for similar products and opportunities in these areas in the future.
 
No assurance can be given that our shareholders will be entitled to the same limitation on personal liability as stockholders of private corporations for profit
 
We are governed by the laws of the State of Delaware.  Under our trust agreement and the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, as amended (“Delaware Act”), our shareholders will be entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to stockholders of private corporations for profit organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.  In general, stockholders of Delaware corporations are not personally liable for the payment of corporate debts and obligations, and are liable only to the extent of their investment in the Delaware corporation.  However, a shareholder may be obligated to make certain payments provided for in our trust agreement and bylaws.  The properties securing our investments are dispersed in numerous states and the District of Columbia.  In jurisdictions which have not adopted legislative provisions regarding statutory trusts similar to those of the Delaware Act, questions exist as to whether such jurisdictions would recognize a statutory trust, absent a state statute, and whether a court in such jurisdiction would recognize the Delaware Act as controlling.  If not, a court in such jurisdiction could hold that our shareholders are not entitled to the limitation of liability set forth in our trust agreement and the Delaware Act and, as a result, are personally liable for our debts and obligations.
 
Our anti-takeover provisions may discourage third-party proposals
 
Certain provisions of our trust agreement may have the effect of discouraging a third party from making an acquisition proposal for our Company.  This could inhibit a change in control of our Company under circumstances that could give our shareholders the opportunity to realize a premium over then-prevailing market prices.  Such provisions include the following:
 
Additional Classes and Series of Shares
 
Our trust agreement permits our Board of Trustees to issue additional classes or series of beneficial interests and to establish the preferences and rights of any such securities.  Thus, our Board of Trustees could authorize the issuance of beneficial interests with terms and conditions which could have the effect of discouraging a takeover or other transaction.
 
Staggered Board
 
Our Board of Trustees is divided into three classes of managing trustees.  The terms of the first, second and third classes will expire in 2011, 2009 and 2010, respectively.  Managing trustees for each class will be chosen for a three-year term upon the expiration of the current class’ term.  The use of a staggered board makes it more difficult for a third-party to acquire control over us.
 
 
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If we had to register under the Investment Company Act, there could be negative consequences to our investment strategy
 
Neither we nor our subsidiaries are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”) and we may not be able to conduct our activities as we currently do if we were required to so register.
 
At all times, we intend to conduct our activities, and those of our subsidiaries, so as not to become regulated as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act.  Even if we are not an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we could be subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act if a subsidiary of ours were deemed to be an investment company.  There are a number of possible exemptions from registration under the Investment Company Act that we believe apply to us and our subsidiaries and which we believe make it possible for us not to be subject to registration under the Investment Company Act.
 
For example, the Investment Company Act exempts entities that are “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate,” which we refer to as “qualifying interests.”  Under current interpretations by the SEC staff, one of the ways in which our subsidiaries can qualify for this exemption is to maintain at least 55% of their assets directly in qualifying interests and the balance in real estate-type interests.  We believe our subsidiaries can rely on this exemption or another exemption from registration.
 
The requirement that our subsidiaries maintain 55% of their assets in qualifying interests (or satisfy another exemption from registration) may inhibit our ability to acquire certain kinds of assets or to securitize additional interests in the future.  If any of our subsidiaries fail to qualify for exemption from registration as an investment company and we, in turn, are required to register as an investment company, our ability to maintain our financing strategies would be substantially reduced, and we would be unable to conduct our business as described herein.
 
Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments.
 
None.
 
Item 2.  Properties.
 
We lease the office space in which our headquarters are located at 625 Madison Avenue, New York, NY.  The leases expire in 2017.
 
We also lease office space in other locations, available for use by all of our operations, as follows:
 
 
·
San Rafael, CA – an office facility; the lease expires in 2010
 
·
Dallas, TX – an office facility; the lease expires in 2010
 
·
Irvine, CA – an office facility; the lease expires in 2011
 
·
Overland Park, KS – an office facility; the lease expires in 2012
 
·
San Francisco, CA – an office facility; the lease expires in 2012
 
·
Vienna, VA – an office facility; the lease expires in 2012
 
·
Chicago, IL – an office facility; the lease expires in 2014
 
·
Irving, TX – an office facility; the leases expires in 2018
 
We believe that these facilities are suitable for current requirements and contemplated future operations.
 
Item 3.  Legal Proceedings.
 
We are subject to routine litigation and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business.  In addition, we are party to the following actions:
 
Putative Class and Derivative Actions
 
In 2008, we and our trustees were named as defendants in fourteen shareholder putative class and/or derivative actions arising out of our announcements in late 2007 that (i) we had taken steps to transition our business to more of a fund manager and in connection with such action intended to reduce the dividend payable on our common shares from that which had been paid in prior years and (ii) we had committed to sell and then sold the 11.0% Preferred Shares to an affiliate of TRCLP (see Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements).  Six of these cases are putative class actions pending in federal court in New York that assert claims under the federal securities laws.  The other eight cases are primarily derivative actions, although some purport also to assert class claims, arising under state law.  Each of the actions is summarized below.
 
 
- 21 -

 
Federal Securities Cases
 
On January 18, 2008, the first of the federal securities putative class actions was filed against us and certain of our officers and trustees in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.  Thereafter, five other, essentially duplicative putative class actions were also filed in the same court.  The complaint in each case asserted that we and other defendants allegedly violated federal securities law by failing to disclose in a timely fashion our December 2007 transaction with Freddie Mac.  On May 5, 2008, the Court designated Centerline Investor Group, which is made up of several shareholders, as lead plaintiff for these cases.  Pursuant to the Court’s stipulation and order dated March 3, 2008, the lead plaintiff filed a consolidated complaint on July 7, 2008 in this action, In re Centerline Holding Company Securities Litigation, No. 08 CV 00505.  The consolidated complaint also alleges violations of the federal securities laws in connection with our announcement of the Freddie Mac transaction, changes to the Company’s business model, and the reduction in dividend guidance policy, and seeks an unspecified amount of compensatory damages and other relief on behalf of all persons or entities that purchased the common stock of Centerline Holding Company during the period March 12, 2007 through December 28, 2007.  The defendants in this action filed a motion to dismiss the consolidated complaint on October 27, 2008 and the motion was granted by U.S District Court Judge Shira Scheindlin on January 12, 2009.  Judge Scheindlin granted the plaintiff leave to replead, and the plaintiff has until March 13, 2009 to file an amended complaint.
 
Derivative Lawsuits
 
On January 15, 2008, the first of the state law cases, a putative class and derivative action, entitled Off v. Ross, CA No. 3468-VCP, was filed against us, our Board of Trustees and TRCLP in the Delaware Court of Chancery.  The lawsuit concerns our sale of a new issue of convertible preferred stock to an affiliate of TRCLP.  The lawsuit alleges claims for breach of fiduciary duty against the Trustees and seeks an unspecified amount of compensatory damages from them as well as injunctive relief against all defendants.  Thereafter, seven other derivative lawsuits asserting the same or similar claims were filed in state and federal courts in New York and in the Delaware Chancery Court.  Four of these later-filed actions also allege that the trustees breached their fiduciary duties to us by allegedly violating the federal securities laws (as alleged in the federal securities lawsuits described above).  We are named solely as a nominal defendant in all eight derivative actions and no monetary relief is sought against us in any of those cases.  The seven derivative actions filed subsequent to the Off case are:
 
 
·
On January 18, 2008, Kramer v. Ross, et al., Index. No. 100861-08, was filed against us and our board of trustees, in New York County Supreme Court;
 
·
On January 25, 2008, Carfagno v. Schnitzer, et al., No. 08 CV 00912, was filed against us and our board of trustees in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York;
 
·
On January 30, 2008, Ciszerk v. Ross, et al., CA No. 3511, was filed against us, our board of trustees and The Related Companies, L.P. in the Delaware Court of Chancery;
 
·
On February 22, 2008, Kanter v. Ross, et al., 08 Civ. 01827, was filed against us, our board of trustees and The Related Companies, L.P. in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York;
 
·
On February 27, 2008, Broy v. Centerline Holding Company et al., No. 08 CV 01971, was filed against us and certain of our officers and trustees in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York;
 
·
On April 10, 2008, Kastner v. Schnitzer et al, Index No. 601043-08, was filed against us and our board of trustees, in New York Supreme Court; and
 
·
On April 10, 2008, Kostecka v. Schnitzer et al, Index No. 601044-08, was filed against us and our board of trustees, in New York Supreme Court.
 
On April 28, 2008, a consolidated amended verified complaint alleging breaches of fiduciary duties of loyalty, candor, due care, fair dealing, waste of corporate assets and unjust enrichment, was filed against us and our board of trustees in Carfagno v. Schnitzer et al., 08 CV 912 (SAS) and Broy v. Blau, 08 CV 1971 (SAS), pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York.  The action is styled both as a derivative suit and as a class action on behalf of all holders of Centerline securities who qualified to purchase our 11.0% Preferred Shares pursuant to the rights offering but who did not do so.  Under the scheduling order adopted by the Court, fact discovery has been completed and defendants have filed a motion for summary judgment and the plaintiff has filed a reply brief.
 
A settlement with the plaintiff in the Off case based on the rights offering (see Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements) was negotiated, but on November 26, 2008, the Delaware Chancery rejected the settlement and stayed any further proceedings in the action, pending resolution of the Carfagno case.  As a  result,  several  of  the  other  derivative  lawsuits that had  been voluntarily  stayed  by  the  plaintiffs  are  now  subject  to  various stipulations  deferring  further  activity  in  those  actions  until  a decision  on  the pending summary judgment motion in Carfagno (described above)  or,  in  one  case, pending further activity in the consolidated securities class action.
 
In addition, the outside members of the Board of Trustees have received a letter from one of our purported shareholders demanding that they investigate potential claims against our officers and others arising out of the allegations asserted in the federal securities litigation.  The independent Trustees determined, at their meeting on March 12, 2008, to defer further consideration of the letter until after the Court before which the securities litigation is pending had decided the motion to dismiss described above.  Now that the motion to dismiss has been decided in favor of the defendants, counsel for the shareholder has been notified that further action by the board will be delayed until it is determined whether the plaintiff in the federal securities litigation repleads its complaint.
 
 
- 22 -

 
Other
 
On or about December 31, 2008, our subsidiaries and affiliated funds completed the settlement of the previously disclosed consolidated lawsuits, Silverwood Alliance Apartments, LLC, et al. v. Affordable Housing Partnership Alliance LLC, et al., Case No. 06-2-40705-9SEA (Wash. King Co. Super. Ct.), and Viewcrest Bremerton, LLC v. Related Capital Housing Partnership I, L.P. - Series 3, et al., Case No. C06-5459RSM (W.D. Wash.).  In accordance with this settlement, all claims and counterclaims asserted against our subsidiaries and affiliated funds have been or will be dismissed with prejudice.  Our subsidiaries and affiliated funds did not pay any money in connection with this settlement, other than payments made in accordance with the original Viewcrest transaction documents.  Our subsidiaries and affiliated funds involved with the Silverwood project received over $1.8 million in settlement of their claims.  Each of our subsidiaries and affiliated funds involved with this litigation gave and received mutual releases extinguishing all claims and counterclaims that were asserted or that could have been asserted in the litigation.
 
On or about October 30, 2008, a complaint was filed in the District Court of Dallas County, Texas that names the company, its subsidiaries and an affiliated fund as defendants.  The lawsuit is entitled Dallas/Glen Hills 2003 L.P., et al. v. Centerline Corporate Partners V, L.P., et al., Case No. 08-13801.  To the best of our knowledge, the citation and complaint have not yet been served on any of the defendants.  The complaint alleges claims for breach of contract and breach of fiduciary duty and seeks unspecified amounts of actual damages, prejudgment interest, exemplary damages and attorneys’ fees.  We believe this lawsuit is without merit and that the Company, its subsidiaries and affiliated fund have substantial defenses to it, including, among other things, that the claims asserted in the complaint were released in a Settlement Agreement dated as of July 29, 2008 and amended as of October 6, 2008.  We have demanded that the plaintiffs voluntarily dismiss their lawsuit with prejudice.  If the plaintiffs decline to dismiss their action and instead ultimately serve the complaint, then we intend to defend against this action vigorously and to assert our own counterclaims against the plaintiffs.
 
Item 4.  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
 
There were no matters submitted to shareholders for voting during the fourth quarter of 2008.
 

 
- 23 -

 

PART II
 
Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
 
Market Information
 
On December 8, 2008, our common stock commenced trading on the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market on the Pink Quotes and on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol "CLNH" (prior to that date, we were traded under the symbol “CHC” on the New York Stock Exchange).
 
The high and low prices for each quarterly period of the last two years during which our common shares were traded were as follows:
 
   
2008
 
2007
 
Quarter Ended
 
Low
 
High
 
Low
 
High
 
 
March 31
 
$
3.68
 
$
7.60
 
$
18.50
 
$
21.87
 
June 30
 
$
1.10
(1)
$
4.26
 
$
16.75
 
$
19.95
 
September 30
 
$
0.86
 
$
3.46
 
$
10.35
 
$
18.47
 
December 31
 
$
0.10
 
$
1.99
 
$
6.28
 
$
16.02
 
 
(1)    During the second quarter of 2008, there was an erroneous trade of $0.39 which is excluded from the above table.
 
 
The last reported sale price of our common shares on the OTC market on February 27, 2009, was $0.14.
 
Holders
 
As of February 27, 2009, there were 2,622 registered shareholders owning 53.0 million common shares.
 
Distributions
 
Our Convertible CRA Shares (see Notes 19 and 20 to the consolidated financial statements) rank on par with the common shares with respect to rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our Company, although both are subordinate to our 4.4% Convertible CRA Preferred shares and 11.0% Preferred Shares.
 
Under our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility, amended in December 2008, we are now prohibited from paying dividends on most of our common and preferred shares so long as borrowings are outstanding under these facilities.
 
Quarterly cash distributions during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 were as follows:
 
Cash Distribution for Quarter Ended
 
Date
Paid
 
Per
Share
 
Total Amount
Distributed
(In thousands)
 
 
March 31, 2008
 
5/15/08
  $ 0.15   $ 8,237  
June 30, 2008
 
8/15/08
    0.075     4,158  
September 30, 2008
  N/A     --     --  
December 31, 2008
  N/A     --     --  
 
Total for 2008
      $ 0.225   $ 12,395  
 
March 31, 2007
 
5/15/07
  $ 0.42   $ 25,327  
June 30, 2007
 
8/14/07
    0.42     24,747  
September 30, 2007
 
11/14/07
    0.42     24,796  
December 31, 2007
 
2/14/08
    0.42     24,879  
 
Total for 2007
      $ 1.68   $ 99,749  

 
- 24 -

 
Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans
 
The following table provides information related to our incentive share plans as of December 31, 2008:
 
   
(a)
 
(b)
 
(c)
 
   
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights
 
Weighted-
average
exercise price of outstanding options,
warrants and
rights
 
 
Number of securities
remaining
available for
future issuance under equity compensation
plans (excluding securities
reflected in
column a)(1)
 
 
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
 
2,386,888
 
$
20.51
 
4,608,632
 
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
 
--
   
--
 
--
 
 
Totals
 
2,386,888
 
$
20.51
 
4,608,632
 
 
(1)      Our 2007 Incentive Share Plan (see Note 23 to the consolidated financial statements) authorizes us to issue options or other share-based compensation equal to 10% of the total shares outstanding (as defined in the plan) as of December 31 of the year preceding the issuance of new grants or options.

 
Securities purchased by us
 
The Board of Trustees has authorized a common share repurchase plan, enabling us to repurchase, from time to time, up to 3.0 million common shares in the open market; however, under the terms of our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility, we are restricted from acquiring capital stock while such facilities are outstanding, except for preferred shares that we repurchased as part of our rights offering (see Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements).  The following table presents information related to repurchases of our equity securities during the fourth quarter of 2008 and other information related to our repurchase program:
 
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
 
Period
 
Total
number of
shares
purchased(1)
 
Average
price paid
per share
 
Total number
of shares
purchased as
part of publicly
announced
program
 
Maximum
number of
shares that may
yet be purchased
under the plans
or program
 
 
October 1 – 31, 2008
 
849
 
$
1.67
 
--
     
November 1 – 30, 2008
 
41,772
   
0.49
 
--
     
December 1 – 31, 2008
 
38,293
   
0.15
 
--
     
 
Total
 
80,914
 
$
0.34
 
--
 
303,854
 
 
(1)      These repurchases were in connection with tax withholding obligations incurred by holders of newly vested restricted shares, were outside of our share repurchase program and not subject to the debt covenant restriction described above.
 

 
Other information required by this item, as well as information regarding our share repurchase program and share compensation paid to our independent trustees, is included in Notes 20 and 23 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
 
- 25 -

 
Item 6.  Selected Financial Data.
 
The information set forth below presents our selected financial data.  Additional financial information is set forth in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.
 
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
 
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
   
2008(1)
 
2007(2)
 
2006(3)
 
2005(4)
 
2004
                               
Revenues
 
$
511,575
 
$
572,927
 
$
387,259
 
$
295,097
 
$
232,432
Expenses
 
$
1,127,420
 
$
653,244
 
$
460,647
 
$
351,658
 
$
234,214
(Loss) income before income taxes
 
$
(228,335
)
$
(55,621
)
$
47,786
 
$
30,437
 
$
48,120
Net (loss) income
 
$
(232,158
)
$
(60,128
)
$
41,294
 
$
59,014
 
$
65,363
Net (loss) income available to shareholders(5)
 
$
(269,421
)
$
(68,275
)
$
36,542
 
$
56,994
 
$
65,363
 
Net (loss) income per share(5)
                             
Basic
 
$
(5.18
)
$
(1.19
)
$
0.63
 
$
0.98
 
$
1.19
Diluted
 
$
(5.18
)
$
(1.19
)
$
0.62
 
$
0.98
 
$
1.19
 
Financial position
                             
 
Total assets
 
$
7,382,007
 
$
9,490,202
 
$
9,687,971
 
$
6,965,305
 
$
5,737,768
Notes payable
 
$
358,061
 
$
505,888
 
$
591,165
 
$
304,888
 
$
174,454
Financing arrangements and secured financing
 
$
411,413
 
$
562,502
 
$
1,801,170
 
$
1,429,692
 
$
1,068,428
Preferred shares of subsidiary:
                             
Subject to mandatory repurchase
 
$
273,500
 
$
273,500
 
$
273,500
 
$
273,500
 
$
273,500
Not subject to mandatory repurchase
 
$
104,000
 
$
104,000
 
$
104,000
 
$
104,000
 
$
104,000
 
Dividends
                             
 
Dividends declared per share(6)
 
$
0.225
 
$
1.68
 
$
1.68
 
$
1.65
 
$
1.57
 
(1)   During 2008, we recorded pre-tax asset impairment charges of $201.7 million (see Notes 11 and 22 to the consolidated financial statements).
(2)   In December 2007, the re-securitization of most of our mortgage revenue bonds resulted in a loss of $77.9 million before minority interest allocations ($55.2 million after tax) (see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements).
(3)   Includes Centerline Investors beginning in August 2006, and includes $29.2 million of expense (or $0.50 per basic and diluted share) related to a valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets.
(4)   Includes a $22.6 million non-cash pre-tax charge ($12.3 million after tax, or $0.21 per basic and diluted share) related to the write-off of the “Related Capital Company” trade-name intangible asset.
(5)   Includes common shareholders and Convertible CRA shareholders.
(6)   Distributions per share are the same for both common shares and Convertible CRA shares.



 
- 26 -

 
 
Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of Centerline Holding Company.  MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes.
 
This MD&A contains forward-looking statements; please see page 73 for more information.
 
Significant components of the MD&A section include:
 
Page
     
SECTION 1 Overview
The overview section provides a summary of Centerline and our reportable business groups (as more fully discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements).  We also include a discussion of factors affecting our consolidated results of operations as well as items specific to each business group.
 
28
     
SECTION 2 Consolidated Results of Operations
The consolidated results of operations section provides an analysis of our results on a consolidated basis for the year ended December 31, 2008, against the comparable prior year periods.  Significant subsections within this section are as follows:
 
28
     
Adjusted Net Income
 
28
Comparability of Results
 
29
Summary Consolidated Results
 
31
Revenues
 
31
Expenses
 
32
Other Items
 
36
Income Taxes
 
38
Accounting Changes
 
39
Inflation
 
39
     
SECTION 3 Results by Group
The results by group section provides an analysis of our results on a reportable group basis for the year ended December 31, 2008, against the comparable prior year periods.  We provide certain statistical information by group and discuss known trends and uncertainties.  Significant subsections within this section are as follows:
 
39
     
Affordable Housing
 
41
Commercial Real Estate
 
47
Portfolio Management
 
52
Credit Risk Products
 
54
Corporate
 
57
Consolidated Partnerships
 
58
     
SECTION 4 Liquidity and Capital Resources
The liquidity and capital resources section provides discussion of our ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to meet our current and future needs.  Significant subsections within this section are as follows:
 
60
     
Liquidity
 
60
Cash Flows
 
61
Liquidity Requirements after December 31, 2008
   
Fair Value Disclosures
 
62
Capital Resources
 
65
Commitments and Contingencies
 
68
 
SECTION 5 Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
 
70
 
SECTION 6 – Related Party Transactions
 
 
72
 
SECTION 7 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
 
72
SECTION 8 – Forward Looking Statements
 
 
73
 
 
- 27 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
SECTION 1 – OVERVIEW
 
We provide real estate financial and asset management services, including institutional debt and equity fund management, mortgage banking, and primary and special loan servicing.  We currently have more than $14.0 billion of assets under management.  Our results over the three year period reflect our transformation from direct investing towards fund and asset management.  Although we have never been involved in sub-prime mortgages, the impact of the sub-prime crisis has been contagious throughout credit markets, resulting in an unfavorable market environment during 2008 characterized by lack of liquidity (particularly with respect to real estate finance), spread deterioration and declining asset values.
 
The federal government has placed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in conservatorship in an attempt to stabilize those GSE’s, but the full impact of the conservatorship is yet to be determined.  We are not involved in the single-family home mortgage business of these entities; however, we are involved with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac with respect to the multifamily rental housing finance business, which extends across our Affordable Housing, Commercial Real Estate and Portfolio Management groups.  We continue to do business with both entities in commercial and affordable housing, and expect to do so for the foreseeable future.
 
In addition, we continue to be hampered by general economic conditions.  The market environment and general economic conditions, in aggregate, have depressed our asset values and limited our ability to grow our assets under management.  These factors have not only impacted our operating results, but also constrained our liquidity in the form of tighter lending standards, more rapid loan amortization and less frequent fund closings (which often generate a large portion of our operating cash flows).  For a more detailed discussion, see Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements and SECTION 4 Liquidity and Capital Resources.
 
As a result of the continuing economic conditions and the effect on our business, in November 2008 we outlined efforts to reduce our cost structure.  As part of this announced restructuring plan, we eliminated 94 active employees and eliminated certain vacant positions.  These eliminations impacted our four reporting groups and the Corporate group at most levels of our organizational structure.  We expect a reduction in annual costs for base salary of approximately $7.9 million as a result of the reduction in active employees.  The restructuring efforts also include review of all of our non-compensation general and administrative costs across the company to eliminate any unnecessary costs, which included vacating certain leased space.  As a result of this review, we recorded a pre-tax restructuring charge in the fourth quarter of 2008 of $4.0 million, all of which was paid or will be paid in cash.
 
We refer to our segments as groups.  For a discussion of our four operating groups and two groups not involved in direct operations, see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements.  Significant changes for our operating groups are discussed under SECTION 3 – RESULTS BY GROUP.
 
SECTION 2 – CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Adjusted Net Income
 
We utilize Adjusted Net Income (on a segment basis) and Adjusted Earnings Per Share (“Adjusted EPS”) (on a consolidated basis), for purposes of measuring performance and capital allocation.  We define Adjusted Net Income or Adjusted EPS as net income or EPS computed pursuant to generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and adjusted for non-cash amortization of acquired intangible assets and acquisition-related, share-based compensation.  There is no generally accepted accounting method for computing Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EPS and our computation may not be comparable to similar measurements reported by other companies.  For further information, and a reconciliation of those performance measurements to GAAP, see Note 29 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
 
- 28 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
 
Net (loss) income
 
$
(232,158
)
$
(60,128
)
$
41,294
 
Amortization or write-off of acquired intangible assets, net of minority interests
   
120,540
   
15,806
   
12,042
 
Amortization of acquisition-related, share-based compensation, net of minority interests
   
1,938
   
11,265
   
6,613
 
Adjusted net (loss) income
 
$
(109,680
)
$
(33,057
)
$
59,949
 
 
Adjusted EPS(1)
 
$
(2.83
)
$
(0.72
)
$
0.94
 
 
(1)      Adjusted EPS in 2008 includes a higher level of preferred dividends following our issuance of 11.0% Preferred Shares in January 2008. The 2008 and 2007 calculations also include adjustments associated with converting certain of our outstanding shares to redeemable securities (see Notes 19, 20 and 26 to the consolidated financial statements).

 
Comparability of Results
 
We recorded net losses for the 2008 and 2007 periods and net income for the 2006 period.  For the years presented, we highlight in the table below those items, principally non-cash in nature, that impact the comparability of results from period to period. Such items are shown prior to any adjustment for tax and minority interest allocations:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
(Reduction)/increase to net (loss) income:
                   
Asset impairments (excluding AMAC):
                   
Goodwill
 
$
(92,748
)
$
--
 
$
(997
)
Finite lived intangible assets
   
(55,190
)
 
--
   
(1,647
)
Indefinite lived intangible assets
   
(1,975
)
 
--
   
--
 
Mortgage revenue bonds
   
(10,928
)
 
(19,933
)
 
(4,676
)
Series B Freddie Mac Certificates
   
(7,968
)
 
--
   
--
 
Retained CMBS Certificates
   
(10,736
)
 
--
   
--
 
Syndicated corporate debt, including loss on sale
   
(4,196
)
 
(75
)
 
--
 
Leasehold improvements
   
(15,892
)
 
--
   
--
 
AMAC:
                   
Equity loss
   
(3,277
)
 
(4,012
)
 
--
 
Impairment of loan to AMAC and our preferred investment (included in equity and other loss on Consolidated Statements of Operations)
   
(74,779
)
 
--
   
--
 
Intangible asset impairment
   
(2,879
)
 
(7,226
)
 
--
 
Other items:
                   
Equity income reduction due to fund-level asset impairments
   
(17,486
)
 
(2,835
)
 
--
 
Fair value adjustments and terminations of free-standing derivatives(1)
   
492
   
(19,284
)
 
(1,007
)
Severance costs
   
(2,846
)
 
(3,774
)
 
(2,491
)
                     
Loss as a result of December 2007 re-securitization transaction
   
--
   
(77,903
)
 
--
 
Gain on termination of Capri Capital Advisors LLC Loan
   
--
   
--
   
6,916
 
 
(1)     Includes impact of the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (“SFAS 157”) in 2008

 
Asset Impairments (excluding AMAC)
 
For segment purposes we classify acquisition related intangibles as a component of the Corporate group, which would include the goodwill and intangible asset impairments recognized above.  Mortgage revenue bond impairments and syndicated corporate debt impairments are recognized by our Affordable Housing and Credit Risk Products groups, respectively.  Leasehold improvements relate to leased space in New York and are further discussed in our Corporate group.  For additional information, see the respective group discussion under SECTION 3 – RESULTS BY GROUP.
 
 
- 29 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
AMAC
 
The declining performance of AMAC (resulting from the disruption in mortgage and credit markets) resulted in AMAC suspending most of its activities beginning in late 2007.  Subsequently in 2008, AMAC suffered margin calls which severely limited its liquidity and resulted in our recognition of impairment charges for our investments in AMAC.  For further information, see the discussion for the Commercial Real Estate and Corporate groups under SECTION 3 – RESULTS BY GROUP.
 
Other Items
 
In 2007, a business within our Commercial Real Estate group entered into eleven interest rate swap agreements relating to a CMBS fund that closed in the third quarter of 2007.  In 2008, the swaps were terminated and we charged the losses to the CMBS fund.  We are also a party to free-standing interest rate swap agreements with the developers of properties associated with our Affordable Housing group.  See the respective discussion for each group under SECTION 3 – RESULTS BY GROUP for additional information.
 
The December 2007 re-securitization transaction is described in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements and its impact is included in the results of operations of the Affordable Housing group.
 
The gain on termination of the Capri Capital Advisors LLC (“Capri”) loan is included within our Commercial Real Estate group.
 
The impact of severance payments, when material, is discussed within each group under SECTION 3 – RESULTS BY GROUP.
 
Additional Factors
 
In addition to the above noted factors, additional items that should be considered in evaluating net (loss) income for the periods presented include those noted below:
 
 
·
General economic conditions which reduced margins in several of our business and resulted in decreased year-to-date volumes in most of the products we originate.
 
·
A reduction in the value of the Series B Freddie Mac Certificates we retained as part of the December 2007 re-securitization transaction.  The reduction was a result of revised estimates as to the timing of payments from the residual cash flows with respect to assumed defaults.  While the revised estimates did not reduce the gross expected losses, in accordance with GAAP, we reflected the reduction in fair value as an impairment charge of $8.0 million during 2008;
 
·
A decrease in mortgage origination volume and overall reduced margins due to spread compression in the markets related to tax credit fund origination fees and mortgage banking fees, which impacts both our Commercial Real Estate and Affordable Housing groups.  Mortgage originations were $1.0 billion during 2008, as compared to $1.8 billion in 2007 and $1.5 billion in 2006.
 
·
The acquisition of Centerline Investors in August 2006 resulting in a full year of operations in 2007 and 2008 for this business as compared to only 4.5 months of operations included in 2006. Additionally, there were subsequent non-cash costs stemming from this acquisition, such as amortization of restricted shares awarded in connection with the transaction and amortization of intangible assets acquired.  For additional information see the Commercial Real Estate and Portfolio Management groups under SECTION 3 – RESULTS BY GROUP;
 
·
The 2006 period included non-recurring costs of $12.2 million relating to corporate initiatives primarily related to the launch of Centerline Financial, further discussed in SECTION 3 – RESULTS BY GROUP; and
 
·
A higher level of preferred dividends as a result of the issuance of 11.0% Preferred Shares in the first quarter of 2008 (see notes 19 and 26 to the consolidated financial statements).
 
 
- 30 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
Summary Consolidated Results
 
Our summary consolidated results of operations are presented below for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006:
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
% of
Revenues
 
2007
 
% of
Revenues
 
2006
 
% of
Revenues
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
 
Revenues
 
$
511,575
 
100.0
%
$
572,927
 
100.0
%
$
387,259
 
100.0
%
(10.7
)%
47.9
%
Expenses
   
1,127,420
 
220.4
   
653,244
 
110.4
   
460,647
 
119.0
 
72.6
 
41.8
 
Other items
   
387,510
 
75.7
   
24,696
 
4.3
   
121,174
 
31.3
 
N/M
 
(79.6
)
(Loss) income before income taxes
   
(228,335
)
(44.6
)
 
(55,621
)
(9.7
)
 
47,786
 
12.3
 
(310.5
)
(216.4
)
Income tax provision
   
(3,823
)
(0.7
)
 
(4,507
)
(0.8
)
 
(6,492
)
(1.7
)
15.2
 
30.6
 
Net (loss) income
 
$
(232,158
)
(45.4
)
$
(60,128
)
(10.5
)
$
41,294
 
10.7
 
(286.1
)
(245.6
)

N/M – not meaningful.
 
Revenues
 
Over the past few years, our transformation to asset management changed our revenue profile to be more heavily weighted to revenues derived from asset management as compared to interest income.  For 2008, our earnings streams are comprised primarily of investment management fees (e.g., fund sponsorship, asset management, servicing and incentive fees) and transactional fees (e.g., origination fees, credit intermediation fees) and, to a lesser extent, income from investments we hold for our own account.  In 2007 and 2006, mortgage revenue bond interest income was the most significant component of our earnings streams.
 
The following table presents our revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006:
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
 
Operating Groups
                           
Interest income
 
$
98,677
 
$
209,597
 
(52.9
)%
$
190,659
 
9.9
%
Fee income
   
65,877
   
94,290
 
(30.1
)
 
90,946
 
3.7
 
Other
   
7,062
   
11,019
 
(35.9
)
 
15,998
 
(31.1
)
Subtotal
   
171,616
   
314,906
 
(45.5
)
 
297,603
 
5.8
 
 
Consolidated Partnerships
                           
Revenues of Tax Credit Fund and Property Partnerships
   
86,738
   
76,645
 
13.2
   
48,338
 
58.6
 
Revenues of CMBS and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships
   
253,221
   
181,376
 
39.6
   
41,318
 
339.0
 
 
Total revenues
 
$
511,575
 
$
572,927
 
(10.7
)%
$
387,259
 
47.9
%
 
 
The reduction in revenues for 2008 as compared to 2007 was primarily due to a net reduction of interest income related to mortgage revenue bonds re-securitized with Freddie Mac in December 2007 and to a lesser extent by lower fee income (primarily in the Affordable Housing group) resulting from general economic conditions as discussed above.  Partially offsetting these decreases was a growth in revenues of Consolidated Partnerships of $81.9 million in 2008, reflective of the increase in assets under management primarily in the Commercial Real Estate group.  CMBS Fund III, which closed in August 2007, had a revenue increase of $61.9 million in 2008 compared to the 2007 period.  Also partially offsetting the decreases was an increase in fee income of $5.7 million due to new revenue streams earned in connection with the CDO collateral management agreement we entered into during 2008.
 
- 31 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
The growth in revenues in 2007 as compared to 2006 is attributable to:
 
 
·
Growth in revenues of Consolidated Partnerships of $168.4 million in 2007, reflective of the increases in assets under management for both our Affordable Housing group and Commercial Real Estate group;
 
·
Increase in revenues of our operating groups due to acquisition of Centerline Investors of $40.8; and
 
·
Increase in interest income from investments, cash collateral balances and cash escrows in our Commercial Real Estate and Portfolio Management groups, largely in part due to the acquisition of Centerline Investors.
 
Adjusting to include Centerline Investors’ revenues for all of 2007, revenues would have increased 20.5% in 2007.
 
Detailed discussion of revenues is included in SECTION 3RESULTS BY GROUP of this MD&A.
 
Expenses
 
The following table presents our expenses for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
 
Operating Groups
General and administrative:
Salaries and benefits
 
$
87,322
 
$
116,764
 
(25.2
)%
$
94,916
 
23.0
%
Other
   
77,706
   
65,720
 
18.2
   
65,870
 
(0.2
)
Total G&A
   
165,028
   
182,484
 
(9.6
)
 
160,786
 
13.5
 
                             
Interest expense:
                           
Borrowings and financings
   
74,611
   
145,236
 
(48.6
)
 
97,853
 
48.4
 
Preferred shares of subsidiary
   
18,898
   
18,898
 
--
   
18,898
 
--
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
46,030
   
45,099
 
2.1
   
45,395
 
(0.7
)
Write-off of goodwill and intangible assets
   
152,792
   
7,226
 
N/M
   
2,644
 
173.3
 
Loss on impairment of assets
   
48,935
   
20,008
 
144.6
   
5,003
 
299.9
 
Expenses – operating groups
   
506,294
   
418,951
 
20.8
   
330,579
 
26.7
 
 
Consolidated Partnerships
Interest expense:
Interest expense of Tax Credit Fund and Property Partnerships
   
15,300
   
19,245
 
(20.5
)
 
25,989
 
(25.9
)
Interest expense of CMBS Fund and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships
   
149,722
   
81,076
 
84.7
   
21,937
 
269.6
 
     
165,022
   
100,321
 
64.5
   
47,926
 
109.3
 
                             
Loss on impairment of assets
   
317,264
   
20,941
 
N/M
   
--
 
100.0
 
                             
Other expenses:
Other expenses of Tax Credit Fund and Property Partnerships
   
128,385
   
106,360
 
20.7
   
81,704
 
30.2
 
Other expenses of CMBS Fund and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships
   
10,455
   
6,671
 
56.7
   
438
 
N/M
 
     
138,840
   
113,031
 
22.8
   
82,142
 
37.6
 
Expenses – consolidated partnerships
   
621,126
   
234,293
 
165.1
   
130,068
 
80.1
 
 
Total expenses
 
$
1,127,420
 
$
653,244
 
72.6
%
$
460,647
 
41.8
%
 
N/M – not meaningful.
 
 
- 32 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
The increase in costs for each period is attributable to overall growth of our business and other factors.  More specifically, significant drivers of costs for the periods presented are discussed below.
 
General and Administrative – Salaries and Benefits
 
The decrease in salaries and benefits expense of $29.4 million in 2008, as compared to 2007, is primarily attributable to the following items:
 
 
·
$17.8 million of reduced bonus expense associated with the reduction in profits;
 
·
reduced salaries and benefits expense from a reduction in personnel in April and November 2008; and
 
·
lower share-based compensation expense for shares issued in connection with our acquisition of Centerline Investors in August 2006 as the shares vest or are forfeited (the 2008 period included $2.6 million relating to amortization of these shares compared to amortization of $15.7 million in 2007).
 
We anticipate that our share-based compensation expense in future periods will be lower than previous levels due to the impact of the Centerline Investors acquisition and reduction in equity based bonuses.  Cash salary and benefit costs are expected to rise during 2009 due to increasing employee benefit costs and if we hire proportionately to respond to anticipated growth in our special servicing portfolio business in our Portfolio Management group.  We continue to take steps to keep our overall salary and benefits structure aligned with current market conditions.
 
 
·
The increase in salaries and benefits in 2007 compared to 2006 is mostly attributable to the acquisition of Centerline Investors in August 2006 and the resultant increase in salary costs, share-based compensation and deferred incentive based compensation as further discussed below under SECTION 3 – RESULTS BY GROUP - Commercial Real Estate.
 
Other General and Administrative
 
Other general and administrative expenses increased by $12.0 million in 2008 as compared to 2007.  This primarily relates to:
 
 
·
An increase of $8.6 million in rent expense;
 
·
An increase of $2.6 million related to increased professional fees;
 
·
$1.6 million in reserves against certain AMAC receivables;
 
·
$2.5 million charge related to vacated lease space; and
 
·
Increase in general legal costs of $0.5 million associated with litigation (see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements).
 
Offsetting these increases was a decrease of $3.9 million in tax credit acquisition costs year over year due to lower fund sponsorship activity in our Affordable Housing Group.
 
We continue to seek ways to reduce our general and administrative costs, including re-negotiation of certain lease obligations and working with our professional service providers.  Furthermore, we do not expect to incur further legal costs associated with the ongoing litigation as we believe we are adequately covered by insurance.

 
The decrease in other general and administrative costs in 2007 as compared to 2006 relates to:
 
 
·  
expenses incurred in 2006 from the launch of what now comprises our Credit Risk Products group;
 
·  
higher professional fees in 2006 due in part to costs related to Sarbanes-Oxley implementation costs at Centerline Investors following its acquisition; and
 
·
higher legal costs in 2006 related to protecting our interests in certain properties (see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements).
 
Partially offsetting the decline from 2006 expense levels were increased infrastructure costs in 2007 to support the growth of our businesses, including the acquisition of Centerline Investors.
 

 
- 33 -

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 

Interest Expense
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
Borrowings and financings:
                   
Revolver and term loan interest
 
$
18,776
 
$
33,598
 
$
10,893
 
Asset backed (warehouse) lines
   
7,692
   
11,407
   
15,196
 
Secured financing
   
30,503
   
82,519
   
72,253
 
Cash interest payments (receipts) for derivatives, net
   
15,231
   
(3,488
)
 
(2,262
)
Non-cash impact of derivatives(1)
   
(492
)
 
19,284
   
1,007
 
Other interest expense
   
2,901
   
1,916
   
766
 
Total
 
$
74,611
 
$
145,236
 
$
97,853
 
                     
Average borrowing rate(2)
   
6.47
%
 
4.95
%
 
4.68
%
Average borrowings
 
$
934,917
 
$
2,492,982
 
$
1,992,862
 
Average SIFMA rate(3)
   
2.25
%
 
3.62
%
 
3.45
%
Average LIBOR rate
   
2.67
%
 
5.25
%
 
5.13
%
 
(1)       Represents the change in fair value of free-standing derivatives and the gain/loss on swap terminations (see Note 27 to the consolidated financial statements).
(2)       Includes impact of interest rate swaps, as applicable.
(3)     Subsequent to the re-securitization of most of our mortgage revenue bonds, our borrowings based on the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association Municipal Swap Index (“SIFMA”) rate are minimal.

 
Interest expense associated with our borrowing and financing costs decreased $70.6 million in 2008 as compared to 2007, principally as a result of a $52.0 million decrease in secured financing interest expense as a result of the December 2007 re-securitization transaction, partially offset by bonds securitized during the year (see Notes 7 and 15 to the consolidated financial statements).  In addition, interest on the revolver and term loan as well as asset backed warehouse lines decreased generally reflective of a lower level of borrowings.
 
Also contributing to the 2008 decrease is a recoupment of expense incurred by Centerline Investors on behalf of one of the CMBS Fund Partnerships related to interest rate swaps.  Centerline Investors had recorded $21.0 million as interest expense, representing the change in the fair value of the swaps ($13.5 million of which was recorded in 2007 and the remainder in 2008).  These swaps were terminated in 2008 and Centerline Investors subsequently charged the $21.0 million cost to the CMBS Fund Partnership, thereby reducing current year interest expense by that amount (included in non-cash impact of derivatives in the table above).  The $21.0 million interest charged to the CMBS Fund Partnership is included in “Interest Expense of Consolidated Partnerships” on our Consolidated Statement of Operations (the expense at the fund level also affected the equity income we recognized from our co-investment in the fund).   Also included in 2008 is a non-cash reduction of expense of $10.2 million due to the adoption of SFAS 157 (see Accounting Changes later in this section).
 
In addition to these factors, cash payments/receipts under derivative agreements affected the reported results as market rates fluctuated.
 
Due to increases in interest rate spreads related to renegotiations of certain notes payable (see Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements), we expect interest expense to increase in 2009.
 
The increase in interest expense of $47.4 million in 2007 is due to higher borrowings (reflecting the acquisition of Centerline Investors in August 2006), as well as an increase in the average borrowing rate, resulting primarily from gradual increases in the SIFMA and LIBOR rates, following sharp declines in prior years.  In addition, derivative-related interest expense impacted the 2007 results, as compared to 2006.   In 2007, derivative-related interest expense was $15.8 million, while 2006 derivative activity resulted in a reduction in interest expense of $1.3 million.
 
Interest expense associated with preferred shares of subsidiary represents dividends of Equity Issuer preferred shares that are subject to mandatory repurchase.  Subsequent to the December 2007 re-securitization transaction, the preferred shares of Equity Issuer, including those not subject to mandatory repurchase (see Other Items – Income/(Loss) Allocations below) entitle their holders to a claim on the cash flows of the Series A-1 Freddie Mac Certificates, and for economic purposes are defeased.  The expense recorded is offset by interest income of the Series A-1 Freddie Mac Certificates with terms that match the preferred shares.
 
 
- 34 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
Write-off of Goodwill and Intangible Assets
 
During 2008, we recorded a $92.7 million impairment of goodwill, which for segment purposes is classified in the Corporate group.
 
As a result of the placement of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae into conservatorship in September 2008, the continuing decline in performance of AMAC and its inability to refinance repurchase facilities during the fourth quarter, and the streamlined focus of our mortgage banking businesses, we recognized the following impairments of intangible assets:
 
 
·
$55.2 million write-down of transactional relationships associated with Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae;
 
·
$2.9 million write-off of partnership service contracts associated with managing AMAC; and
 
·
$2.0 million write-down of mortgage banking licenses.
 
In 2007, we recorded a $7.2 million impairment associated with the partnership service contract asset associated with our management of AMAC that we fully wrote-off in 2008.
 
For additional information with respect to the AMAC impairments see the Commercial Real Estate discussion provided below in SECTION 3 – RESULTS BY GROUP.  For all other impairment discussions, refer to the Corporate group discussion also provided in SECTION 3.  See also Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
Loss on Impairment of Assets
 
Loss on impairment of assets in 2008 includes:
 
 
·
$10.9 million primarily related to two mortgage revenue bonds we sold and three bonds financing two properties experiencing substandard performance ;
 
·
$8.0 million related to our Series B Freddie Mac Certificates;
 
·
$2.8 million related to other-than-temporary impairments on syndicated corporate debt investments we sold;
 
·
$10.7 million related to retained CMBS certificates; and
 
·
$15.9 million related to leasehold improvements related to the lease of office space we no longer plan to occupy.
 
In connection with properties experiencing substandard performance, we recognized approximately $19.9 million of mortgage revenue bond impairments (nine bonds in total) in 2007 and $4.7 million of mortgage revenue bond impairments (nine bonds in total) in 2006.
 
For additional information, see Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
Some of these impairment charges reflect mark-to-market adjustments in interim periods prior to the sale of the assets.  As a result, we recognized additional losses in the periods of disposition (see Gain (loss) from repayment or sale of investments,  net and re-securitization of mortgage revenue bonds in Other Items below).
 
Consolidated Partnerships
 
The higher amounts of revenue and expenses in 2008 compared to 2007 associated with these funds are primarily due to the launching of a CMBS fund in the third quarter of 2007 and an increase in the size of the High-Yield Debt fund since the fourth quarter of 2007.  The 2008 results also reflect asset impairment charges with respect to investments in CMBS, retained CMBS certificates, CDO debt and equity and mortgage loans held for investment of $317.3 million.
 
In addition to the launching of the CMBS fund in the third quarter of 2007, the higher amounts of revenue and expenses in the 2007 period as compared to 2006 was due to the inclusion of the results in all of 2007 for two Centerline Investors managed CMBS funds as compared to the post-acquisition period in 2006.
 
 
- 35 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
Other Items
 
Equity and other (loss) income
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
 
Equity and other (loss) income:
                           
Consolidated Partnerships
 
$
7,823
 
$
22,575
 
(65.3
)%
$
15,012
 
50.4
%
AMAC
   
(78,056
)
 
(4,012
)
N/M
   
--
 
(100.0
)
Other
   
(1,093
)
 
(1,153
)
5.2
   
1,978
 
(158.3
)
Total equity and other (loss) income
   
(71,326
)
 
17,410
 
(509.7
)
 
16,990
 
2.5
 
Eliminations(1)
   
(7,823
)
 
(22,575
)
65.3
   
(15,012
)
(50.4
)
Equity and other (loss) income – as reported
 
$
(79,149
)
$
(5,165
)
N/M
 
$
1,978
 
(361.1
)%
 
(1)      Given the minority economic interest we have in consolidated partnerships, for internal purposes we treat consolidated partnerships, particularly the CMBS Fund and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships, as equity interests in evaluating our results.
N/M – not meaningful.
 
 
We invest in entities we manage, including co-investments in CMBS and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships that we consolidate.  We record equity income equal to our proportionate share of the net income of the investee, which does not necessarily correspond to any cash we receive.  The amount we record in any period will depend on the GAAP income recorded by those investees, and the amounts we record may be losses in some periods if there are write offs or impairments at those entities or if the entities are designed to generate losses (such as tax credit properties).
 
Consolidated Partnerships
 
As noted above, we co-invest in CMBS and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships and record our proportionate equity income (see further discussion in Commercial Real Estate and Consolidated Partnership discussions in SECTION 3 – RESULTS BY GROUP of this MD&A).  The majority of the decline in 2008 was due to $317.3 million of asset impairments at the fund level, of which we recorded $17.5 million as equity loss.
 
AMAC
 
The decline in equity income in the 2008 period related to AMAC was due to deterioration in its operations that began in the third quarter of 2007 (see Note 28 to the consolidated financial statements).  As a result of AMAC’s continuing substandard performance and inability to refinance certain repurchase facilities, during 2008, we recognized impairment charges of $4.5 million to write-off our remaining preferred interests and $70.3 million associated with the loan we had provided.  As AMAC is developing a plan of liquidation, we do not expect to record any further equity losses related to its operations, but may have further losses if we do not recover the current estimate of $9.6 million.
 
Other
 
Other equity and other income (loss) in all periods includes income (loss) related to entities in which we invest but do not consolidate.  This includes our investments in tax advantaged investment vehicles similar to those we sponsor (which typically generate equity losses).   The 2006 period also includes $3.5 million of income related to common and preferred interests we owned in Centerline Investors, which we accounted for under the equity method before we acquired it in August 2006.
 
 
- 36 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
Gain (loss) from repayment or sale of investments, net and re-securitization of mortgage revenue bonds
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
 
Sale of:
                           
Mortgage loans
 
$
9,850
 
$
10,089
 
(2.4
)%
$
10,295
 
(2.0
)%
Mortgage revenue bonds and other
   
(6,744
)
 
1,062
 
(735.0
)
 
8,075
 
(86.8
)
 
Gain from repayment or sale of investments, net
 
$
3,106
 
$
11,151
 
(72.1
)%
$
18,370
 
(39.3
)%
 
Loss on re-securitization of mortgage revenue bonds
 
$
--
 
$
(77,903
)
100.0
%
$
--
 
(100.0
)%

 
Mortgage Loans
 
Gain on sale of mortgage loans relates both to premiums earned from the sale of mortgage loans to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as well as gains we record in connection with recognizing mortgage servicing rights.  Offsetting the 2008 amount, we recorded a $1.5 million charge during 2008 for expected losses under our mortgage loan loss sharing agreement with Fannie Mae (see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements).
 
Mortgage Revenue Bonds and Other
 
The 2008 period includes:
 
 
·
incremental losses in 2008 (primarily recorded in the first quarter) associated with the December 2007 re-securitization transaction.  These losses primarily resulted from valuation adjustments for the stabilization escrow maintained for certain bonds (see Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements).  Upon the final deposit of funds to the escrow, the difference between the cash deposit and its present value was recognized as a loss.  Similar to previous losses recognized with respect to the net present value adjustments to the escrow and the retained residual interests, offsets will be recognized over the lives of the instruments through accretion of the net present value adjustments;
 
·
$4.7 million of gains associated with bonds included in the re-securitization transaction, but for which guarantees we issued prevented initial recognition as a sale.  As these guarantees lapsed, we recorded sales of the assets and recognized the related gains (see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements);
 
·
a $2.5 million loss relating to five mortgage revenue bonds we sold (see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements);
 
·
a loss of $1.5 million related to the sale of syndicated corporate debt investments (see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements); and
 
·
the write off of certain receivable balances associated with mortgage revenue bonds that we deemed uncollectible.
 
For some of these assets, we recorded impairment charges in interim periods prior to the sale (see Loss on Impairment of Assets under Expenses above).
 
Loss on Re-Securitization of Mortgage Revenue Bonds
 
The December 2007 re-securitization transaction resulted in a $77.9 million loss (before minority interest allocation) as more fully described in SECTION 3 – Results by Group - Affordable Housing and in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
 
- 37 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
(Income) Loss Allocations
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
 
Preferred shareholders of subsidiary
 
$
(6,225)
 
$
(6,225
)
--
%
$
(6,225
)
--
%
 
SCUs
 
$
92,685
 
$
23,852
 
288.6
%
$
(16,131
)
247.9
%
SCI’s
   
1,269
   
313
 
305.4
   
(80
)
491.3
 
SMUs
   
--
   
296
 
(100.0
)
 
(102
)
390.2
 
Other minority interests
   
363
   
(350
)
203.7
   
219
 
(259.8
)
Minority interests in subsidiaries, net
 
$
94,317
 
$
24,111
 
291.2
%
$
(16,094
)
249.8
%
 
Limited partners of consolidated partnerships
 
$
659,228
 
$
398,893
 
65.3
%
$
401,377
 
(0.6
)%

 
The income allocation to Special Common Units (“SCUs”) and Special Common Interests (“SCIs”) (and Special Member Units (“SMUs”) for 2007 and 2006) represents the proportionate share of after-tax income attributable to holders of subsidiary equity as if they were converted to common shares and, therefore, fluctuates with net income.  Other minority interests principally represent the portion of Centerline Financial Holdings LLC owned by Natixis.  All SMUs were redeemed in 2007; hence there is no allocation to SMUs in 2008.
 
The loss allocation to limited partners of consolidated partnerships represents the allocation of operating losses of Tax Credit Fund and Property Partnerships and the income or losses of CMBS Fund and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships to outside investors which hold the majority ownership in those funds.  With respect to the Tax Credit Fund Partnerships and Tax Credit Property Partnerships, we either have an insignificant equity interest or none at all.  With respect to the CMBS Fund and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships, we typically co-invest 5%, although some co-investments may be for a lesser or greater share.
 
Income Taxes
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
 
Loss subject to tax
 
$
(183,866
)
$
 
(19,284
)
(853.5
)
$
(31,555
)
38.9
%
(Loss) income not subject to tax
   
(44,469
)
 
(36,337
)
(22.4
) %
 
79,341
 
(145.8
)
 
(Loss) income before income taxes
 
$
(228,335
)
$
(55,621
)
(310.5
)%
$
47,786
 
(216.4
)%
 
Income tax provision
 
$
(3,823
)
$
(4,507
)
15.2
%
$
(6,492
)
30.6
%
 
Effective tax rate – consolidated basis
   
(1.7
)%
 
(8.1
)%
     
13.6
%
   
 
Effective tax rate for corporate subsidiaries subject to tax
   
(2.1
)%
 
(23.4
)%
     
(20.6
)
   

N/M – not meaningful.
 

 
The CMBS and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships, which are managed by our Commercial Real Estate group, are held in vehicles which, if certain requirements are met, do not incur taxes.  As such, the income we earn from those businesses does not subject us to income taxes.  Likewise, some of our pre-tax income is derived from our tax-exempt mortgage revenue bond related investments included in our Affordable Housing group, which are held within flow-through entities.
 
Tax credit fund management, the other Commercial Real Estate businesses and our Portfolio Management and Credit Risk Products businesses, however, are conducted in corporations and are subject to income taxes.  Our Corporate group is also housed in a corporate entity subject to taxation.  Our corporate entities generally have losses for book purposes principally because the distributions paid on the minority interests in our corporate subsidiaries effectively provide a tax deduction, as well as other factors within these businesses.
 
 
- 38 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
We provide for income taxes for these corporate subsidiaries in accordance with FASB Statement No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (“SFAS 109”), which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities.
 
Management has determined that, in light of projected taxable losses in the corporate subsidiaries for the foreseeable future, any benefit from current losses and deferred tax assets will likely not be realized; hence a full valuation allowance has been recorded.
 
For further information with respect to income taxes, see Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
Accounting Changes
 
The adoption of new accounting pronouncements has affected our consolidated financial statements.
 
As of January 1, 2008 we adopted SFAS 157.  SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value with respect to GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.  SFAS 157 was effective for our financial assets and liabilities on January 1, 2008.  The provisions of SFAS 157 relating to nonfinancial assets and liabilities are effective for us on January 1, 2009.  As a result of applying the provisions of SFAS 157, we recorded credit value adjustments which resulted in a decrease in the fair value of our derivative liabilities of $10.2 million in 2008, which we reflected as a reduction in interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
 
In October, 2008 the FASB issued FSP FAS 157–3, Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active (“FSP FAS 157–3”).  FSP FAS 157–3 clarifies the application of SFAS 157 in a market that is not active.  The FSP was effective upon issuance, including prior periods for which financial statements had not been issued. The adoption of FSP FAS 157–3 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
See SECTION 7 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements for accounting pronouncements pending and not yet adopted.
 
Inflation
 
Inflation did not have a material effect on our results of operations for the periods presented.
 
SECTION 3 – RESULTS BY GROUP
 
The following table presents segment revenues, expenses and operating income for the three years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 in accordance with GAAP.  Transactions between segments are accounted for as third-party arrangements for the purposes of presenting segment results of operations.  Typical intersegment eliminations include fees earned from Consolidated Partnerships, asset management fees earned by Portfolio Management with respect to assets held by our other segments and intercompany interest.  The table also includes Adjusted Net Income, which, as stated earlier, is used for performance measurement and capital allocation (see also Note 29 to the consolidated financial statements).
 
 
- 39 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 

 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
 
Revenues:
                           
Affordable Housing
 
$
161,900
 
$
293,944
 
(44.9
)%
$
287,686
 
2.2
%
Commercial Real Estate
   
66,152
   
69,488
 
(4.8
)
 
55,062
 
26.2
 
Portfolio Management
   
41,463
   
60,774
 
(31.8
)
 
35,372
 
71.8
 
Credit Risk Products
   
8,615
   
15,859
 
(45.7
)
 
3,644
 
335.2
 
Corporate
   
28,022
   
22,337
 
25.5
   
23,940
 
(6.7
)
Consolidated Partnerships
   
339,959
   
258,021
 
31.8
   
89,656
 
187.8
 
Eliminations
   
(134,536
)
 
(147,496
)
8.8
   
(108,101
)
(36.4
)
Total revenues
 
$
511,575
 
$
572,927
 
(10.7
)%
$
387,259
 
47.9
%
 
Expenses:
                           
Affordable Housing
 
$
142,339
 
$
197,080
 
(27.8
)%
$
179,668
 
9.7
%
Commercial Real Estate
   
57,600
   
111,458
 
(48.3
)
 
86,115
 
29.4
 
Portfolio Management
   
32,980
   
38,966
 
(15.4
)
 
18,330
 
112.6
 
Credit Risk Products
   
15,457
   
16,419
 
(5.9
)
 
9,508
 
73.5
 
Corporate
   
306,910
   
127,260
 
141.2
   
81,186
 
55.8
 
Consolidated Partnerships
   
707,597
   
314,173
 
125.2
   
197,789
 
58.8
 
Eliminations
   
(135,463
)
 
(152,112
)
10.9
   
(111,949
)
(35.2
)
Total expenses
 
$
1,127,420
 
$
653,244
 
72.6
%
$
460,647
 
41.8
%
 
Other income (loss)(1):
                           
Affordable Housing
 
$
(3,847
)
$
(76,598
)
95.0
%
$
(540
)
N/M
 
Commercial Real Estate(2)
   
(62,075
)
 
25,656
 
(342.0
)
 
35,605
 
(27.9
)%
Portfolio Management
   
--
   
1,664
 
(100.0
)
 
--
 
--
 
Credit Risk Products
   
(1,348
)
 
--
 
(100.0
)
 
--
 
--
 
Corporate
   
(27
)
 
--
 
(100.0
)
 
568
 
--
 
Consolidated Partnerships(1)
   
375,461
   
78,727
 
376.9
   
123,145
 
(36.1
)
Eliminations
   
(8,746
)
 
(22,639
)
61.4
   
(15,285
)
(48.1
)
Total other income
   
299,418
   
6,810
 
N/M
%
$
143,493
 
(95.3
)%
 
Income (loss) before other allocations(1):
                           
Affordable Housing
 
$
15,714
 
$
20,266
 
(22.5
)%
$
107,478
 
(81.1
)%
Commercial Real Estate
   
(53,523
)
 
(16,314
)
(228.1
)
 
4,552
 
(458.4
)
Portfolio Management
   
8,483
   
23,472
 
(63.9
)
 
17,042
 
37.7
 
Credit Risk Products
   
(8,190
)
 
(560
)
N/M
   
(5,864
)
90.5
 
Corporate
   
(278,915
)
 
(104,923
)
(165.8
)
 
(56,678
)
83.8
 
Consolidated Partnerships
   
7,823
   
22,575
 
(65.3
)
 
15,012
 
50.4
 
Eliminations
   
(7,819
)
 
(18,023
)
56.6
   
(11,437
)
(63.8
)
Total (loss) income before other allocations
 
$
(316,427
)
$
(73,507
)
(330.5
)%
$
70,105
 
(204.8
)%
 
Adjusted Net Income (Loss):
                           
Affordable Housing
 
$
9,072
 
$
13,786
 
(34.2
)%
$
99,689
 
(86.2
)%
Commercial Real Estate
   
(53,070
)
 
(10,296
)
(415.4
)
 
7,895
 
(230.4
)
Portfolio Management
   
10,582
   
26,314
 
(59.8
)
 
18,941
 
38.9
 
Credit Risk Products
   
(7,970
)
 
(910
)
(775.8
)
 
(5,645
)
83.9
 
Corporate
   
(68,298
)
 
(66,503
)
(2.7
)
 
(64,506
)
(1.9
)
Consolidated Partnerships
   
7,823
   
22,575
 
(65.3
)
 
15,012
 
50.4
 
Eliminations
   
(7,819
)
 
(18,023
)
56.6
   
(11,437
)
(63.8
)
   
$
(109,680
)
$
(33,057
)
(231.8
)%
$
59,949
 
(155.1
)%

 
(1)
Includes losses allocated to limited partners of consolidated partnerships.
(2)
Includes equity income of CMBS Fund and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships as more fully described below.
N/M – not meaningful.
 
 
- 40 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
Affordable Housing
 
The following factors impact comparability when evaluating the results of operations for the Affordable Housing group:
 
 
·
The investor base for our Affordable Housing group has changed such that traditional investors (e.g., Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, commercial banks) have reduced their demand for tax credits, which has resulted in fewer tax credit fund originations during 2008 as compared to prior periods.  During 2008 we raised $162.5 million of gross equity as compared to $1.2 billion in 2007 and $1.2 billion in 2006.
 
 
·
With respect to mortgage revenue bonds, beginning in late 2007 and continuing through 2008 funding costs have increased significantly and liquidity declined resulting in a reduction in our ability to acquire new mortgage revenue bonds.  We acquired and/or funded $28.1 million in mortgage revenue bonds in 2008, compared to $226.4 million and $419.9 million of acquisitions and fundings in the 2007 and 2006, respectively.
 
 
·
In December 2007, our overall bond portfolio significantly declined as compared to 2006 as a result of the re-securitization of $2.8 billion of bonds with Freddie Mac in December 2007 (“the December 2007 re-securitization transaction”) (see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements).  We believe this materially improved our risk profile by reducing the funding and interest rate risk inherent in our liability structure.
 
 
·
Beginning in 2008, we reorganized such that functions associated with the origination, underwriting and servicing of mortgage loans for affordable housing properties via the same agency programs utilized by our Commercial Real Estate group is now performed within the Affordable Housing group.  Consistent with the Commercial Real Estate group, the Affordable Housing group has subserviced certain functions to the Portfolio Management group.  Comparable information is presented for the 2007 period but is not available for 2006.
 
Revenues
 
For a discussion of the accounting policies with respect to revenue recognition, see Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements.
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
 
Interest income:
                           
Mortgage revenue bond interest income
 
$
44,333
 
$
176,261
 
(74.8
)%
$
167,699
 
5.1
%
Other interest income
   
46,781
   
3,931
 
N/M
   
1,447
 
171.7
 
Fee income:
                           
Fund sponsorship
   
63,030
   
103,915
 
(39.3
)
 
108,119
 
(3.9
)
Mortgage origination fees
   
843
   
852
 
(1.1
)
 
--
 
100.0
 
Mortgage servicing fees
   
751
   
159
 
372.3
   
--
 
100.0
 
Other:
                           
Expense reimbursements
   
4,163
   
6,009
 
(30.7
)
 
7,112
 
(15.5
)
Miscellaneous
   
1,999
   
2,817
 
(29.0
)
 
3,309
 
(14.9
)
 
Total revenues
 
$
161,900
 
$
293,944
 
(44.9
)%
$
287,686
 
2.2
%

N/M – not meaningful.
 
Interest Income
 
We recognize mortgage revenue bond interest income using the effective yield method based on the actual coupon rate and the outstanding principal amount of the underlying mortgages, taking into account differences in interest rates during the construction period as compared to balance of the term, premiums and discounts, any fees received in connection with bond originations and the effects of estimated prepayments.  Other interest income pertains to loans receivable related to affordable housing properties and the income is also recognized using the effective yield method.
 
- 41 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
Interest income earned from mortgage revenue bonds has declined significantly due to the smaller portfolio balance as a result of the December 2007 re-securitization transaction.  Mortgage revenue bond interest income of $133.3 million in 2007 related to mortgage revenue bonds included in that transaction.  In addition, the decreased mortgage revenue bond investing activity, provided in the table below, has also resulted in decreased revenues.
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                             
Total acquisition and funding activity
 
$
28,116
 
$
226,393
 
(87.6
)%
$
419,940
 
(46.1
)%
Mortgage revenue bonds repaid or sold
 
$
330,579
 
$
21,751
 
N/M
%
$
83,746
 
(74.0
)%
Mortgage revenue bonds re-securitized with Freddie Mac
 
$
--
 
$
2,800,560
 
--
%
$
--
 
--
%
Average portfolio balance (fair value)
 
$
680,541
 
$
2,806,180
 
(75.8
)%
$
2,560,099
 
9.6
%
Weighted average permanent interest rate of bonds acquired
   
5.78
%
 
5.81
%
     
5.99
%
   
Weighted average yield of portfolio
   
6.40
%
 
6.19
%
     
6.72
%
   

N/M – not meaningful.
 
Other interest income for 2008 includes $37.8 million related to interest earned on our retained interests in the re-securitized bonds and $8.2 million of interest on the stabilization escrow account established at the time of the re-securitization.  As the securitization transaction occurred at the end of December 2007, there was no significant income related to these investments in the 2007 period.
 
For the 2007 period, interest income earned on mortgage revenue bonds held on our own account increased over the comparable 2006 period primarily due to the higher average portfolio balance due to acquisition activity offset by a lower weighted average yield and by lower participation interest in 2007 ($0.1 million in 2007 as compared to participation interest of $5.2 million in 2006).  Subsequent to the December 2007 re-securitization transaction, we have no remaining participating mortgage revenue bonds.
 
- 42 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
Fund Sponsorship
 
In evaluating fund sponsorship fees, management principally segregates such fees into categories based upon activity as provided in the table below.
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
 
Fees based on equity invested
                           
Property acquisition fees
 
$
12,611
 
$
30,281
 
(58.4
)%
$
35,705
 
(15.2
)%
Organization, offering and acquisition allowance fees
   
6,078
   
14,434
 
(57.9
)
 
19,552
 
(26.2
)
 
Fees based on management of sponsored funds
                           
Partnership management fees
   
11,190
   
9,238
 
21.1
   
6,927
 
33.4
 
Asset management fees
   
25,728
   
31,082
 
(17.2
)
 
27,022
 
15.0
 
 
Other fee income
   
7,423
   
18,880
 
(60.7
)
 
18,913
 
(0.2
)
 
Total fee income
 
$
63,030
 
$
103,915
 
(39.3
)%
$
108,119
 
(3.9
)%
 
 
Assets under management – tax credit funds
 
$
9,856,900
 
$
9,694,430
 
1.7
 %
$
8,525,903
 
13.7
%
Equity raised by tax credit funds
 
$
162,470
 
$
1,168,527
 
(86.1
)%
$
1,184,321
 
(1.3
)%
Equity invested by tax credit funds(1)
 
$
472,978
 
$
1,200,693
 
(60.6
)%
$
1,113,289
 
7.9
%

(1)
Excludes warehoused properties that have not yet closed into an investment fund.
 
Fees Based on Equity Invested
While we acquire properties on an ongoing basis throughout the year, we do not recognize property acquisition fees until we place the property in a sponsored fund.  Therefore, a change in timing of a fund closure may impact the level of revenues we recognize in a given period.  Additionally, the type of funds originated (whether for a single investor, multiple investors or one with specified rates of return) can affect the level of revenues as the fee rate for each varies.
 
These fees decreased in 2008, compared to the 2007 results, primarily due to a decrease in the amount of equity invested period over period.  These fees decreased in 2007, compared to the 2006 results, due to a decrease in the fee rate realized, stemming from changes in the mix of funds originated.  The decrease in fee rates realized was partially offset by an increase in the amount of equity invested period over period.
 
Organization, offering and acquisition allowance fees decreased in 2008 compared to the 2007 period primarily due to a decrease in the equity raised.  These same revenues decreased in 2007, compared to the 2006 results, primarily due to a decrease in the fee rate realized, offset by a marginal increase in equity invested.
 
Fees Based on Management of Sponsored Funds
The increase in partnership management fees over the three year period is primarily the result of additional funds closed during the periods.  While the dollar amount is based on the amount of equity in a fund, we earn these fees over the first five years of a fund’s life. Due to expiration of the five year period for certain funds as well as the lower amount of equity raised in 2008, these fees are expected to decrease during 2009.
 
The decrease in asset management fees in 2008 was due to:
 
 
·
$1.2 million decrease in these fees, as a result of fund asset dispositions that occurred since December 31, 2007, resulting in lower invested assets on which the fees are based;
 
·
$1.6 million decrease related to a reduction in the cash reserve balances of certain funds, causing an uncertainty as to the collectability of fees for these funds; and
 
·
$1.1 million decrease related to fees charged to an affiliate during 2007 for services we no longer provided in 2008.
 
 
- 43 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
The increase in asset management fees in 2007, as compared to the 2006, is attributable to:
 
 
·
the higher level of assets under management as we added to the population of funds sponsored (with 15 added in 2007 and 10 added in 2006); and
 
·
the improvement of the cash position of certain investment funds allowing us to collect management fees in 2008 which we had not previously recognized until collectability was reasonably assured.  Some of these funds are now in the disposition stage and were able to pay these fees from the proceeds of asset dispositions.
 
Other Fee Income
Construction service fees, administration fees, credit intermediation fees and bond acquisition fees in this segment consist largely of service fees charged to entities we manage (including consolidated partnerships) and fluctuate with the growth of the number of those entities and their cash flows.  The decline over the three-year period is primarily due to lower mortgage revenue bond originations on which a significant portion of the historical fees were based.
 
Since mid-2006, the Affordable Housing group no longer provides credit intermediation for new funds (as credit intermediation of new funds is provided by and fees are earned directly by our Credit Risk Products group).  This segment, however, continues to recognize fees for transactions prior to mid-2006 but we expect the fee stream in this segment will continue to decline in future periods for fees related to older transactions as they fully amortize.
 
Mortgage Origination and Servicing Fees
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
     
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs. 2007
 
                       
Mortgage originations
 
$
104,309
     
$
134,296
 
(22.3
)%
                       
         
% of Total
       
% of Total
 
 
Fannie Mae
 
$
28,070
 
26.9
%
$
7,381
 
5.5
%
Freddie Mac
   
76,239
 
73.1
   
118,715
 
88.4
 
Centerline Direct
   
--
 
--
   
8,200
 
6.1
 
 
Total
 
$
104,309
 
100.0
%
$
134,296
 
100.0
%

 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs. 2007
 
                     
Primary servicing portfolio at December 31
 
$
307,792
 
$
124,869
   
146.5
%
Carrying value of MSRs
   
3,240
   
1,494
   
116.9
 

 
Historically we have originated, underwritten and serviced mortgage loans for affordable housing properties via the same agency programs utilized by our Commercial Real Estate group; however, beginning in 2008 we re-organized our group structure such that this function is now performed by the Affordable Housing group.  Information for 2006 is included in the Commercial Real Estate group since the break out between affordable housing properties and commercial real estate properties under the agency programs is not readily available.
 
Despite a decrease in originations in 2008, origination fees remained constant due to loans settled in the 2007 period for which forward fees were earned in the 2006 period.
 
Other Revenues
 
Expense reimbursements and miscellaneous revenues fluctuate with the growth of the number of the entities we manage and their cash flows.  The decrease over the three-year period is primarily due to lower cash flows of these entities as compared to prior periods.
 
 
- 44 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)\
 
 
Expenses
 
Interest expense in this segment represents direct financing costs, including on-balance sheet securitizations of our mortgage revenue bonds prior to the December 2007 re-securitization transaction, distributions on preferred shares of Equity Issuer and intercompany interest expense on cash we borrow from our corporate credit facility to warehouse tax credit property partnership investments prior to them being closed into a fund.
 
Other major expenses include salaries and other costs of employees working directly in this business as well as allocations of corporate costs.  This segment also included costs, in 2007 and 2006, to subcontract asset management functions to our Portfolio Management group at estimated market rates typically applied to similar assets under management.  Beginning in 2008, these services are now conducted within the Affordable Housing group.
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                             
General and administrative
 
$
47,144
 
$
48,860
 
(3.5
)%
$
61,938
 
(21.1
)%
Interest:
                           
Borrowings and financings
   
55,693
   
108,481
 
(48.7
)
 
87,391
 
24.1
 
Preferred shares of subsidiary
   
18,898
   
18,898
 
--
   
18,898
 
--
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
1,128
   
908
 
24.2
   
6,438
 
(85.9
)
Impairment of assets
   
19,476
   
19,933
 
(2.3
)
 
5,003
 
298.4
 
 
Total expenses
 
$
142,339
 
$
197,080
 
(27.8
)%
$
179,668
 
9.7
%
 
Average borrowing rate(1)
   
6.10
%
 
4.79
%
     
4.17
%
   
Average SIFMA rate
   
2.25
%
 
3.62
%
     
3.45
%
   
 
(1)    Includes effect of swaps and in 2006, incremental costs related to restructuring of our securitization programs.

 
General and Administrative
 
The decrease in general and administrative in 2008, as compared to 2007 results, is primarily attributable to:
 
 
·
$2.9 million reduction of bonus compensation year over year;
 
·
$3.9 million decrease in tax credit investment acquisition costs year over year, which is consistent with the decreases in associated revenue as discussed above; and
 
·
$4.4 million decrease in asset management and loan servicing fees year over year to our Portfolio Management group. This decrease is due to the lower Affordable Housing mortgage revenue bond portfolio following the December 2007 re-securitization transaction (on which part of this fee is based).  In addition, beginning in 2008, the Affordable Housing group performs its own asset management services and thus no further fees, which were averaging $0.9 million per month during 2008, will be paid to our Portfolio Management group for these services.
 
Partially offsetting these decreases was an increase in salaries and benefits expense of $5.8 million year to date primarily due to reorganization of personnel. As mentioned above, in 2007 and 2006, expenses included asset management functions subcontracted through our Portfolio Management group at estimated market rates typically applied to similar assets under management.  Beginning in 2008, these services are now conducted within the Affordable Housing group.
 
The decrease in general and administrative expenses in 2007, as compared to 2006 results, is due to lower fund sponsorship expenses incurred in connection with organizing and offering the tax credit funds and is consistent with the decrease in the fees as discussed in the revenue section above.
 
Interest Expense
 
The decrease in interest expense in 2008, as compared to 2007 results, is attributed to the reduction in direct financing costs related to on-balance sheet financing of our mortgage revenue bonds as a result of the December 2007 re-securitization transaction.  With the decrease in our average mortgage revenue bond portfolio balance, our level of securitizations also decreased, which reduced interest expense for the 2008 period.  Partially offsetting the decrease is an increase in derivative expense related to free-standing derivatives.   These derivatives are interest rate swap agreements with the developers of properties underlying certain mortgage revenue bonds we previously owned (see Note 27 to the consolidated financial statements).  In 2008, expense related to these swaps was $18.7 million compared to $12.9 million in 2007.
 
 
- 45 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
With an increase in our average mortgage revenue bond portfolio balance from 2006 to 2007, our level of securitizations also increased which, coupled with rising borrowing rates, resulted in higher interest expense in 2007 as compared to the 2006 results.  These costs also include direct borrowings for warehousing of tax credit investments or intercompany interest charges after a direct borrowing facility was terminated in 2006.  Furthermore, as a result of the December 2007 re-securitization transaction, swaps we entered into that served to provide variable-rate bond financing are now considered free-standing derivatives.  Recognizing changes in fair values of these swaps resulted in additional interest expense of $2.8 million in 2007.
 
Impairment of Assets
 
We recognized impairments on mortgage revenue bonds of $10.4 million in 2008, $19.9 million in 2007 period, and $4.7 million in the 2006 period (see Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements).  In 2008, the amount also includes an $8.0 million charge related to our Series B Freddie Mac Certificates.  A change in the estimated timing of cash flows as they relate to assumed credit defaults of the underlying mortgage revenue bonds led to a decline in the fair value of these certificates.  In accordance with GAAP, this decline in fair value was recorded as an impairment of the asset.
 
Other (Loss) Income
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change 2008 vs. 2007
 
2006
 
% Change 2007 vs. 2006
 
                             
                             
Equity and other loss
 
$
(389
)
$
(1,016
)
61.7
%
$
(1,588
)
(36.0
)%
(Loss) gain from repayment or sales of investments
   
(3,458
)
 
(75,582
)
95.4
   
1,048
 
N/M
 
 
Total other loss
 
$
(3,847
)
$
(76,598
)
95.0
%
$
(540
)
N/M
 

N/M – not meaningful.
 
In 2008, repayment or sale of investments includes a $2.3 million loss relating to two mortgage revenue bonds sold and $7.5 million of incremental losses, the majority of which were recorded in the first quarter, associated with the December 2007 re-securitization transaction (see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements).  Partially offsetting these losses was a $4.7 million gain recognized in 2008 related to 27 mortgage revenue bonds re-securitized with Freddie Mac in December 2007, but for which continuing involvement had precluded sale treatment.  Due to the lapsing of this involvement, the re-securitization of these bonds is now treated as a sale.
 
The repayments or sales of other investments in 2007 principally include the impact of the December 2007 re-securitization transaction.  The gain recognized as a result of selling the bonds at remaining principal outstanding (as compared to the amortized cost basis) of $34.0 million was more than offset by transaction and other costs incurred.  For certain bonds included in the re-securitization, we have continuing involvement that precluded sale treatment despite consideration received from Freddie Mac.  For those bonds, we did not recognize a gain, but we may when sale treatment is ultimately obtained, which depends on the nature of the continuing involvement (as discussed above, sale treatment was achieved in 2008 for certain of these bonds).
 
Gain on sale or repayment of loans also includes gains we record in connection with recognizing mortgage servicing rights (related to the affordable housing mortgage originations now included in this segment).  Gains related to these items were $1.9 million in 2008, as compared to $1.5 million in 2007.
 
 
- 46 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
Profitability
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                                 
Income before other allocations
 
$
15,714
 
$
20,266
   
(22.5
)%
$
107,478
   
(81.1
)%
Adjusted Net Income
   
9,072
   
13,786
   
(34.2
)
 
99,689
   
(86.2
)

 
The change in income before other allocations reflects the revenues and expense changes discussed above.  Incremental costs incorporated in Adjusted Net Income include the impact of taxes as well as allocations to the preferred shares of subsidiaries.  See Note 29 to the consolidated financial statements for a description of Adjusted Net Income and reconciliation to GAAP net income.
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
The following factors impact comparability when evaluating the results of the Commercial Real Estate group:
 
·  
The declining performance of AMAC (resulting from the disruption in mortgage and credit markets) significantly impacted our 2008 earnings.  This was realized through a reduction in revenues, as a result of AMAC suspending most of its activity beginning in late 2007, and through an increase in equity losses we recognized, directly attributable to losses on asset sales and impairment charges AMAC recognized.  In October 2008, AMAC determined that it would be unable to refinance its repurchase lines, causing it to dispose of a significant amount of its remaining assets.  As such, we re-evaluated amounts carried on our balance sheet associated with our investment in AMAC.  This evaluation resulted in a pre-tax impairment charge of $74.8 million included in “equity and other (loss) income” consisting of $4.5 million to write off the remaining balance of our investment in AMAC preferred shares and a $70.3 million reserve related to the collectability of the loan we provided to AMAC.  The reserve reduces the carrying basis of the AMAC loan to the amount we estimate that we can recover ($9.6 million).
 
·  
Our CMBS investments, whether held by our funds or for our own account, have experienced a significant decline in value.  We continue to believe that such declines are principally due to market dislocation and are not necessarily reflective of the credit quality of the underlying assets (see Fair Value Disclosures discussion in SECTION 4 – Liquidity and Capital Resources beginning on page 62).  In addition, our strategy with CMBS investments is long-term in nature and we have the intent and ability to hold these assets until market conditions improve allowing time for the asset values to recover.
 
·  
The launch of our third high-yield CMBS Fund in August 2007 with committed capital of $585.3 million as of December 31, 2008; and increased capital commitments of $178.6 million in December 2007 in our High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership, increasing the base management income we earn.
 
·  
Our proportionate share of impairment charges recognized from the CMBS Fund and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships in 2008 was $17.5 million and $2.8 million in 2007.  There was no comparable amount in the 2006 period.
 
·  
We have originated no commercial mortgage loans for AMAC or CRESS in 2008 and have seen a significant decline in originations for conduit originations.  We continue to believe in the long-term viability of commercial loan originations and, during 2008, strengthened our capabilities in this area by hiring a 14 member team formerly of Nomura Credit and Capital, Inc. (“Nomura”).  As part of an agreement with Nomura, we began to act as collateral manager for two commercial real estate CDOs previously managed by Nomura and manage a portfolio of assets that Nomura holds for its own account.
 
·  
Beginning in 2008, we reorganized such that functions associated with the origination, underwriting and servicing of mortgage loans for affordable housing properties via the same agency programs utilized by our Commercial Real Estate group is now performed within the Affordable Housing group lowering the origination volume and expected revenues of the Commercial Real Estate group.  Information prior to 2007 was not readily available and therefore 2006 information below includes the origination, underwriting and servicing of mortgage loans for affordable housing properties.
 
 
- 47 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
Revenues
 
For a description of our revenue recognition policies, please see note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                             
Interest income
 
$
26,575
 
$
27,371
 
(2.9
)%
$
12,891
 
112.3
%
Fee income:
                           
Mortgage origination fees
   
4,406
   
6,728
 
(34.5
)
 
8,799
 
(23.5
)
Mortgage servicing fees
   
18,998
   
18,318
 
3.7
   
19,355
 
(5.4
)
Other fees
   
13,533
   
6,423
 
110.7
   
3,986
 
61.1
 
Other:
                           
Prepayment penalties
   
1,252
   
3,022
 
(58.6
)
 
5,194
 
(41.8
)
Expense reimbursements and miscellaneous
   
1,388
   
7,626
 
(81.8
)
 
4,837
 
57.7
 
 
Total revenues
 
$
66,152
 
$
69,488
 
(4.8
)%
$
55,062
 
26.2
%

 
Interest Income
 
Decreased interest income in 2008, as compared to 2007 results, is primarily related to decreased interest income from CMBS investments.  During 2007, Centerline Investors acquired CMBS investments in the first six months of 2007, most of which were subsequently sold to a new CMBS Fund Partnership in August 2007, and for which this segment earned interest income during that period.  Partially offsetting this decrease was a $1.0 million increase due to the higher outstanding balance in 2008 of our loan to AMAC.  Due to the pending liquidation of AMAC, we stopped receiving interest payments and do not anticipate future interest income from this loan.
 
Increased interest income in 2007, as compared to 2006 results, reflects the acquisition of Centerline Investors in mid-2007 as the operations acquired hold retained interest investments related to securitized assets.  The 2007 amount reflects a full year of interest income on these investments while the 2006 results include only the period after acquisition.  Also contributing to the 2007 increase was the periodic acquisition of CMBS investments by Centerline Investors in the first six months of 2007 as discussed above.
 
Mortgage Origination Fees
 
Mortgage originations (excluding affordable housing originations in 2008 and 2007) for the years ended December 31 are broken down as follows:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
     
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs. 2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs. 2006
 
                                 
Mortgage originations
 
$
907,546
     
$
1,664,787
 
(45.5
)%
$
1,541,797
 
6.7
%
                                 
         
% of Total
       
% of Total
       
% of Total
 
 
Fannie Mae
 
$
672,517
 
74.1
%
$
474,213
 
28.5
%
$
620,583
 
40.3
%
Freddie Mac
   
224,029
 
24.7
   
361,337
 
21.7
   
280,093
 
18.2
 
Centerline Direct
   
--
 
--
   
700,561
 
42.1
   
535,554
 
34.7
 
Conduit and other
   
11,000
 
1.2
   
128,676
 
7.7
   
105,567
 
6.8
 
 
Total
 
$
907,546
 
100.0
%
$
1,664,787
 
100.0
%
$
1,541,797
 
100.0
%

 
Origination fees decreased in 2008, as compared to 2007 results, due to:
 
 
·
a decrease in the level of originations (we originated no mortgages under our lending program for AMAC and CRESS (“Centerline Direct”) and there was a decline in conduit originations as a result of market conditions; and
 
 
- 48 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
 
 
·
a portion of the origination volume for which we received lower than average origination fees, or for which we did not earn origination fees, but instead earned premiums recognized on the subsequent sale of these loans (see Other (Loss) Income below).
 
Despite an overall increase in originations over the 2006 period, origination fees decreased in 2007 as the average rate of origination fees was impacted by the higher proportion of non-agency as well as non-risk sharing loans (which generally result in lower origination fees) and spread compression in the market.  Centerline Direct originations declined sharply beginning in the third quarter of 2007 as CRESS reached its maximum investment level and as a result of market conditions that led to the suspension of AMAC’s investing activity.
 
Mortgage Servicing Fees
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                             
Primary servicing portfolio at
December 31
 
$
8,475,191
 
$
8,420,499
 
0.6
%
$
8,360,889
 
0.7
%
Carrying value of MSRs
   
46,212
   
50,850
 
(9.1
)
 
56,562
 
(10.1
)

 
The increase in servicing fees in 2008 is primarily due to the growth in the servicing portfolio.
 
Despite an overall increase in the primary servicing mortgage portfolio balance, mortgage servicing fees declined in 2007 due to a decrease in the servicing fee rate resulting from a higher proportion of non-agency and non-loss sharing loans in the portfolio.
 
Other Fees
 
Other fee income in 2008 increased primarily due to new revenue streams earned in connection with the CDO collateral management agreement we entered into during the year (see Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements).  Partially offsetting this increase was a reduction in management and other fees related to AMAC as a result of the lower level of business activity and asset sales by AMAC.  AMAC is currently developing a plan of liquidation and we do not expect any further fee income from AMAC. We expect our income associated with the CDO collateral management and third party commercial loan portfolios to increase in the future, particularly if market conditions improve.
 
Other Revenues
 
The decrease in prepayment penalties over the three year period relates to a lower level of refinancing activity over the same period, primarily due to the difficulty in refinancing mortgages in the current credit environment.
 
Miscellaneous other revenue decreased in 2008, as compared to the 2007 results, primarily due to a reduction in expense reimbursement related to AMAC as a result of the lower level of business activity.
 
 
- 49 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
Provided below is the detail of Commercial Real Estate assets under management as of December 31 (which grew significantly in 2008 principally as a result of the Nomura transaction):
 
(in millions)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                                 
CMBS funds
 
$
1,475.4
 
$
1,475.4
   
--
%
$
890.1
   
65.8
%
High-yield debt investment entities(1)
   
535.7
   
556.6
   
(3.8
)
 
442.1
   
25.9
 
Joint venture equity funds(1)
   
179.4
   
225.6
   
(20.5
)
 
76.9
   
193.4
 
CDO collateral management
   
1,451.7
   
--
   
100.0
   
--
   
--
 
Third-Party commercial loan portfolio
   
550.7
   
--
   
100.0
   
--
   
--
 
 
Total
 
$
4,192.9
 
$
2,257.6
   
85.7
%
$
1,409.1
   
60.2
%
 
(1)    Figures represent equity of the managed entities.

 
Expenses
 
Interest expense in this segment represents direct financing costs, including asset-backed warehouse lines (used for mortgage loans we originate).  In addition, all three years include interest on repurchase facilities (primarily used for CMBS fund investments until permanent financing is arranged for the pool of assets in a fund); however, all outstanding repurchase facilities were paid-off and terminated during 2008 and replaced with a term note arrangement. The term note is due in December 2009 and bears interest at a fixed rate of 20%.
 
Other major expenses include amortization of mortgage servicing rights, salaries and other costs of employees working directly in this business as well as allocations of corporate costs.  This segment also includes costs to subcontract asset management and loan servicing functions to our Portfolio Management group at contracted rates.
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                                 
General and administrative
 
$
42,309
 
$
70,215
   
(39.7
)%
$
60,539
   
16
%
Interest, net
   
(7,552
)
 
25,317
   
(129.8
)
 
7,518
   
236.8
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
12,107
   
15,926
   
(24.0
)
 
18,058
   
(11.8
)
Impairment of assets
   
10,736
   
--
   
100.0
   
--
   
--
 
Total expenses
 
$
57,600
 
$
111,458
   
(48.3
)%
$
86,115
   
29.4
%

 
General and Administrative
 
General and administrative expense decreased in 2008, as compared to 2007 results, mostly as a result of decreased compensation expense ($28.3 million) including share-based payments and promote-sharing (relating to our Centerline Investors subsidiary), and bonus compensation as well as a decrease due to reorganization of personnel resulting from normal changes in business structure.  Partially offsetting the reduction in compensation was an increase in other general and administrative expenses, including an increase in professional fees, as well as a $1.6 million reserve against certain AMAC receivables.
 
General and administrative expenses increased in 2007, as compared to the 2006 results, mostly as a result of the Centerline Investors acquisition, which resulted in:
 
 
·
employees added upon acquisition in August 2006;
 
·
incremental non-cash compensation costs of $4.8 million in 2007 (over the 2006 period) related to shares issued in connection with the acquisition;
 
·
increased infrastructure costs; and
 
·
increased compliance costs related to Sarbanes-Oxley principally due to Centerline Investors previous status as a private company.
 
 
- 50 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
The level of deferred incentive sharing based compensation decreased in 2007 (compared to the 2006 period) due to a corresponding decrease in the accrued incentive income from CMBS Fund Partnerships.
 
Interest Expense
 
The decrease in interest expense in 2008, as compared to 2007 results, is primarily due to:
 
 
·
a decrease in LIBOR rates from the prior year;
 
·
a decrease in the average debt outstanding year over year at our Centerline Investors subsidiary associated with the varying levels of investments in CMBS securities for our own account.  In May 2007, we acquired investments with a face amount of $336.5 million, the majority of which we sold in August 2007 to the new CMBS Fund Partnership we originated.  Additionally, we had been repaying a credit line and we refinanced it in the fourth quarter of 2008; and
 
·
a decrease related to derivative impacts.  During 2007, interest expense includes $13.5 million of non-cash loss representing the change in the fair value of derivatives, which were incurred on behalf of one of the CMBS Fund Partnerships.  Centerline Investors charged this cost to the fund in 2008 (see further detail in SECTION 2 – CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – Interest Expense above).
 
The interest expense increase in 2007, as compared to 2006 results, is due to a full year of interest on the Commercial Real Estate repurchase facilities in place during that time at Centerline Investors as compared to only a partial period of interest in the 2006 period subsequent to acquisition.  In addition, 2007 includes $13.5 million in interest expense related to three free-standing interest rate swap agreements entered into in connection with a CMBS fund that closed in the third quarter of 2007. As mentioned above, these swaps were terminated in 2008 and charged back to the CMBS Fund Partnership.
 
Depreciation and Amortization
 
Depreciation and amortization decreased over the three year-period due to reduced amortization related to the declining MSR balance over the same period.
 
Impairment of Assets
 
Loss on impairment of assets in 2008 represents other-than-temporary impairments related to retained CMBS certificates held at Centerline Investors (see Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements).
 
Other (loss) income
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                                 
Equity and other (loss) income
                               
AMAC
 
$
(78,056
)
$
(4,012
)
 
N/A
 
$
--
   
(100.0
)%
Consolidated Partnerships
   
7,695
   
22,547
   
(65.9
)%
 
15,300
   
47.4
 
Other
   
408
   
(143
)
 
385.3
   
2,983
   
(104.8
)
Gain on sale or repayment of loans
   
7,878
   
7,264
   
8.5
   
10,406
   
(30.2
)
Gain on termination of loan
   
--
   
--
   
--
   
6,916
   
--
 
Total other income (loss)
 
$
(62,075
)
$
25,656
   
(342.0
)%
$
35,605
   
(27.9
)%

 
Equity and other (loss) income
 
Equity income includes our proportionate share of net losses related to our investments in AMAC (in which we co-invested beginning in May 2007). We recognized an equity loss of $3.3 million in 2008 as compared to a $4.0 million loss in 2007.  As a result of AMAC’s continuing substandard performance and inability to refinance certain repurchase lines in October 2008, we recognized impairment charges of $4.5 million on our remaining preferred interests and $70.3 million associated with the loan to AMAC, both of which are also included in this category.
 
Also included is equity income from the CMBS Fund Partnerships and the High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership for which we act as general partner and own a portion of the funds at varying ownership percentages, generally 5%.  In 2008, the equity income related to these partnerships was $7.7 million as compared to equity income of $22.5 million in 2007 (the lower 2008 amount includes our proportionate share ($17.5 million) of $317.3 million of asset impairment charges recognized at three of the CMBS Fund Partnerships and the High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership).  In 2006, the amount includes $15.3 million of equity income in these funds subsequent to our acquisition of Centerline Investors in August 2006 and the $2.9 million of income from our membership interest in Centerline Investors prior to acquisition.
 
 
- 51 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
Gain on sale or repayment of loans
 
Gain on sale or repayment of loans relates both to premiums earned from sale of mortgage loans to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as well as gains we record in connection with recognizing mortgage servicing rights.  Gains related to these items increased $1.6 million in 2008 as compared to 2007, representing higher origination activity for servicing-retained loans in the current year.  Offsetting the 2008 amount, we recorded a $1.5 million charge for expected losses under our mortgage loan loss sharing agreement with Fannie Mae (see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements).
 
Gain on termination of loan
 
The gain on repayment of a loan in 2006 relates to a participating loan investment we had in a pension fund advisory business.  When the loan was repaid, we received a $6.0 million cash payment and the right to manage CUC, the value of which right was recognized as a $0.9 million gain.
 
Profitability
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                                 
(Loss) income before other allocations
 
$
(53,523
)
$
(16,314
)
 
(228.1
)%
$
4,552
   
(458.4
)%
Adjusted Net (Loss) Income
   
(53,070
)
 
(10,296
)
 
(415.4
)
 
7,895
   
(230.4
)

 
The change in (loss) income before other allocations reflects the revenues and expense changes discussed above.  Adjusted Net (Loss) Income is adjusted for acquisition-related deferred compensation related to the acquisition of Centerline Investors in 2006.  The 2008 adjustment for acquisition-related deferred compensation is lower than the 2007 adjustment due to vesting of related compensation.  In addition, the 2008 adjustment is net of forfeitures related to the departure of an executive. The 2006 adjustment is lower than the 2007 adjustment as 2006 represented only four and one-half months of amortization from the date of acquisition.  See Note 29 to the consolidated financial statements for a reconciliation to GAAP net income.
 
Portfolio Management
 
The following factors impact comparability when evaluating the results of the Portfolio Management group:
 
 
·
Our 2008 total primary loan servicing portfolio decreased to $22.0 billion, as compared to $30.7 billion at December 31, 2007, due principally to declining pre-securitization servicing that has been affected by the disruption in credit markets.
 
 
·
Our 2008 special servicing portfolio increased to $2.1 billion, as compared to $926.7 million at December 31, 2007.
 
Revenues
 
Our Portfolio Management group recognizes servicing fee income, including primary and special servicing.  These fees are generally based on a percentage of the balance of loans serviced, and we record them as earned on an accrual basis provided that collection is reasonably assured.  Assumption and substitution fees, included within other fee income below, are earned for modifications of loans in the servicing portfolio.  This group also earns fees for performing asset management and loan servicing for the Commercial Real Estate group at estimated market rates as applied to assets under management or contracted rates for loans serviced (prior to 2008, this group also earned fees for performing asset management services for our Affordable Housing group.  Beginning in 2008, the Affordable Housing group began performing its own asset management services).
 
Our Portfolio Management group also earns interest income on escrow balances serviced. This income is recognized on the accrual basis as earned.
 
 
- 52 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                                 
Interest income
 
$
6,935
 
$
23,666
   
(70.7
)%
$
13,707
   
72.7
%
Fee income:
Asset management/servicing
   
23,857
   
27,186
   
(12.2
)
 
17,878
   
52.1
 
Other fee income
   
9,406
   
9,086
   
3.5
   
3,751
   
142.2
 
Other
   
1,265
   
836
   
51.3
   
36
   
N/M
 
 
Total revenues
 
$
41,463
 
$
60,774
   
(31.8
)%
$
35,372
   
71.8
%

N/M – not meaningful.
 
 
(dollars in millions)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                                 
Primary Servicing Portfolio(1)
 
$
22,000.2
 
$
30,668.2
   
(28.3
)%
$
21,331.6
   
43.8
%
Special Servicing Portfolio
   
2,120.4
   
926.7
   
128.8
   
201.2
   
360.6
 
                                 
Carrying value of MSRs
   
3,031
   
6,195
   
(51.1
)
 
12,223
   
(49.3
)
                                 
(1)    Includes sub-servicing of the Commercial Real Estate and Affordable Housing servicing portfolios.

 
Interest income
 
Interest income in this segment is a function of the size of the servicing portfolio (and therefore the size of escrow accounts managed) and the rate that can be earned on those funds.  As securitization volume has declined substantially since the third quarter of 2007 throughout the credit markets, our servicing portfolio has decreased through the year as a result of the lower pre-securitization component of the portfolio. In addition to an overall decrease in the servicing portfolio, interest income decreased due to lower rates earned on the servicing escrow cash balances resulting from significant interest rate declines period over period.  The continuing stagnation in the credit markets will likely result in further declines in this revenue stream.
 
The increase in 2007, as compared to 2006 results, is primarily related to the higher primary servicing portfolio as well as higher rates earned period over period and the impact of the Centerline Investors acquisition in 2006.
 
Fee income
 
The decrease in fees in 2008, as compared to 2007 results, is primarily due to the decline in our servicing portfolio period over period, as discussed above.  Also contributing to the decrease is lower asset management fees earned from our Affordable Housing group. As discussed above, beginning in October 2008, these services are performed within Affordable Housing, resulting in a decrease of $0.9 million each month previously earned by this segment (see Affordable Housing discussion above).
 
Revenues increased in 2007, as compared to 2006, as a result of the servicing business added as part of the Centerline Investors acquisition in August 2006 and are reflective of the overall growth of assets under management throughout the Company.
 
 
- 53 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
Expenses
 
Expenses in this segment include salaries and other costs of employees working directly in this business as well as allocations of corporate costs.
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                                 
General and administrative
 
$
28,211
 
$
32,065
   
(12.0
)%
$
18,223
   
76.0
%
Interest
   
581
   
82
   
608.5
   
--
   
100.0
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
4,188
   
6,819
   
(38.6
)
 
107
   
N/M
 
 
Total expenses
 
$
32,980
 
$
38,966
   
(15.4
)%
$
18,330
   
112.6
%

N/M – not meaningful.
 
General and administrative
 
General and administrative expenses declined in 2008, as compared to 2007 results, primarily due to a decrease in miscellaneous employee costs (e.g., travel, temporary personnel).   Partially offsetting this decrease was a slight increase in compensation costs. Reduced share-based compensation (resulting from vesting of awards granted at the time of the Centerline Investors acquisition in August 2006) and lower bonus amounts in the current year was more than offset by an increase in base salary costs
 
The growth in general and administrative costs in 2007 is principally due to the employees added at the time we acquired Centerline Investors, including its servicing affiliate.  Included in the increase is incremental non-cash compensation costs of $2.0 million in 2007 (over the 2006 period) related to shares issued in connection with the acquisition.
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased in 2008, as compared to 2007 results, as a result of lower amortization of mortgage servicing rights.
 
Profitability
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                                 
Income before other allocations
 
$
8,483
 
$
23,472
   
(63.9
)%
$
17,042
   
37.7
%
Adjusted Net Income
   
10,582
   
26,314
   
(59.8
)
 
18,941
   
38.9
 

 
The change in income before other allocations reflects the revenues and expense changes discussed above.  Adjusted Net Income is adjusted for acquisition-related deferred compensation related to the acquisition of Centerline Investors in 2006.  The 2008 adjustment for acquisition-related deferred compensation is lower than the 2007 adjustment due to vesting of related compensation.  The 2006 adjustment is lower than the 2007 adjustment as 2006 represented only four and one-half months of amortization from the date of acquisition.  See Note 29 to the consolidated financial statements for reconciliation to GAAP net income.
 
Credit Risk Products
 
The following factor impacts comparability when evaluating the results of the Credit Risk Products group:
 
 
·
Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2007, we began purchasing syndicated debt in anticipation of a future collateralized loan obligation transaction.  Principally as a result of market conditions, we did not purchase any additional syndicated corporate debt during 2008 and instead liquidated our positions.  Substantially all of the assets were sold at a loss by December 31, 2008.
 
 
- 54 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
Our current outlook is that little, if any, new business will be carried out in our Credit Risk Products group in the near future, given current market conditions.
 
Revenues
 
For a description of our revenue recognition policies, please see note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                             
Interest income
 
$
3,230
 
$
3,714
 
(13.0
)%
$
969
 
283.3
%
Credit intermediation fees
   
4,664
   
11,894
 
(60.8
)
 
2,471
 
381.3
 
Other
   
721
   
251
 
187.3
   
204
 
23.0
 
 
Total revenues
 
$
8,615
 
$
15,859
 
(45.7
)%
$
3,644
 
335.2
%

 
Interest income
 
Interest income on capital balances maintained at Centerline Financial decreased due to declines in interest rates period over period.  This was offset in both periods by interest income from investments in syndicated corporate debt which began at the end of 2007.  As we have since sold most of those investments by December 31, 2008, future interest income for the segment will depend upon the size of Centerline Financial capital balances and market rates of interest.
 
Interest income in this segment increased in 2007, as compared to 2006 results, due to increased collateral cash balances and acquisitions of the syndicated corporate debt investments.
 
Fee income
 
Fee income is related to the credit intermediation of mortgage revenue bond securitizations which began in mid-2006 with the launch of this segment and fees associated with credit intermediation of certain tax credit funds.  The volume of credit intermediation provided to the Affordable Housing group exceeded $1.4 billion through December 2007.  Much of this volume was discontinued after the December 2007 re-securitization transaction (with respect to which the associated credit default swaps this group issued were unwound), which led to the decrease in the 2008 period.
 
Expenses
 
Interest expense in this segment represents direct financing costs, including an asset-backed warehouse line used to acquire syndicated corporate debt investments (this line was terminated in December 2008), as well as intercompany interest expense on cash we may borrow from our corporate credit facility.  Other expenses in this segment include salaries and other costs of employees working directly in this business as well as allocations of corporate costs.
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                                 
General and administrative
 
$
10,495
 
$
11,600
   
(9.5
)%
$
9,046
   
28.2
%
Interest:
                               
Borrowings
   
1,763
   
1,228
   
43.6
   
462
   
165.8
 
Derivatives – fair value change
   
(1,303
)
 
3,431
   
(138.0
)
 
--
   
100.0
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
1,654
   
85
   
N/M
   
--
   
100.0
 
Impairment of assets
   
2,848
   
75
   
N/M
   
--
   
100.0
 
 
Total expenses
 
$
15,457
 
$
16,419
   
(5.9
)%
$
9,508
   
73.5
%

N/M – not meaningful.
 
 
- 55 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
General and administrative
 
General and administrative expenses decreased in 2008, as compared to 2007 results, due to a reduction of bonus compensation.  Partially offsetting this decrease was an increase in base salary costs (related to the expansion of the syndicated corporate debt business beginning late in 2007 and which was discontinued late in 2008) and an increase in miscellaneous expenses, including professional fees.
 
The increase in total expenses in 2007, as compared to 2006 results, is due to 2007 representing a full year of expenses as compared to only six months in 2006 (subsequent to the commencement of this segment).  The 2006 period included start-up costs in connection with the launch of this segment.
 
Interest expense
 
Interest expense on borrowings increased in 2008, as compared to 2007, due to costs incurred in connection with the syndicated corporate debt warehouse line which commenced in November 2007.  This facility was terminated in December 2008.
 
Change in fair value of derivatives in the 2007 period primarily related to credit default swaps associated with the securitization of Affordable Housing mortgage revenue bond investments.  There were no corresponding expenses in 2008 as the credit default swaps terminated as part of the December 2007 re-securitization transaction.  The change in fair value of derivatives for 2008 relates principally to one interest rate swap entered into with a third-party during 2007.
 
Interest expense increased in 2007, as compared to 2006, due to credit default swaps entered into during 2007 for which there were no comparable amounts in the 2006 period.  As mentioned above, these were terminated in the December 2007 re-securitization transaction.
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
During 2008, in connection with the termination of our mezzanine debt facility at Centerline Financial, we wrote off $1.4 million of deferred financing costs.
 
Impairment of assets
 
We recognized impairment charges in 2008 due to the declining value of syndicated corporate debt securities.  As we determined early in 2008 that we would not hold the investments until recovery, we concluded that the declines in fair value were other-than-temporary.  We have since sold all but one of these investments.
 
Other (loss) income
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                                 
Loss on sale of assets
 
$
(1,348
)
$
--
   
(100.0
)%
$
--
   
--
%

 
In 2008, we sold syndicated corporate debt investments at a loss of $2.8 million, portions of which we recognized as impairment charges in periods prior to the sales (see above).
 
Profitability
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                                 
Loss before other allocations
 
$
(8,190
)
$
(560
)
 
N/M
%
$
(5,864
)
 
90.5
%
Adjusted Net Loss
   
(7,970
)
 
(910
)
 
(775.8
)
 
(5,645
)
 
83.9
 
 
N/M – Not meaningful.
 

 
- 56 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
The change in loss before other allocations reflects the revenue and expense changes discussed above.  Adjusted Net Loss includes the minority interest allocation to Natixis.  See Note 29 to the consolidated financial statements for a reconciliation to GAAP net income.
 
Corporate
 
Expenses in our Corporate group include central business functions such as executive, finance and legal as well as costs related to general corporate debt.  As we consider all acquisition-related intangible assets to be Corporate assets, their amortization, impairment and write-offs are also included in this group.
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
% Change
2008 vs.
2007
 
2006
 
% Change
2007 vs.
2006
 
                                 
General and administrative
 
$
61,681
 
$
50,057
   
23.2
%
$
36,944
   
35.5
%
Interest
   
49,592
   
48,616
   
2.0
   
20,806
   
130.0
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
26,953
   
21,361
   
26.2
   
20,792
   
2.7
 
Write-off of goodwill
   
92,748
   
--
   
100.0
   
997
   
(100.0
)
Write-off of intangible assets
   
60,044
   
7,226
   
730.9
   
1,647
   
338.7
 
Loss on impairment of assets
   
15,892
   
--
   
100.0
   
--
   
--
 
 
Total expenses
 
$
306,910
 
$
127,260
   
141.2
%
$
81,186
   
55.8
%

 
General and Administrative
 
General and administrative expenses increased $11.6 million in 2008, as compared to 2007 results, which is primarily related to:
 
·
an increase of $10.1 million in rent expense for office space; and
·
an increase in general legal costs of $0.5 million associated with litigation (see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements).
 
We continue to seek ways to reduce our general and administrative costs and do not expect to incur further legal costs associated with the litigation as we believe we are adequately covered by insurance.
 
General and administrative costs in 2007 were higher than in 2006 due to:
 
·  
expansion of certain corporate departments in connection with the Centerline Investors acquisition;
·  
$2.4 million of severance costs related to the departure of executives;
·  
systems and consulting costs related to process redesign projects; and
·  
higher audit costs associated with the growth of the company and the re-securitization transaction.
 
Interest expense
 
The increase in interest expense in 2008 was due to an increase in derivative expense. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2008, our $275.0 million interest rate swap related to our Term Loan and the Revolving Credit Facility is now considered a free-standing derivative.  Interest expense related to the interest rate swap was $9.9 million of expense in 2008 as compared to $2.1 million of income (netted within interest expense) in 2007.  (See Note 27 to the consolidated financial statements). However, the increase in derivative expense was substantially offset by a reduction in interest expense resulting from a lower average outstanding balance on Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility in 2008 as compared to 2007.
 
Interest expense in 2007 was higher than in 2006 primarily as a result of the borrowings associated with acquiring Centerline Investors and generally higher rates of interest.
 
Depreciation and Amortization
 
In 2008, we recorded $3.2 million of expense related to the acceleration of depreciation of certain fixed assets in connection with the consolidation of our corporate headquarters.  The remaining increase over the three-year period results from amortization of deferred financing costs related to our credit facilities.
 
 
- 57 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
Write-off of Goodwill and Intangible Assets
 
For segment reporting purposes, we classify all goodwill as an asset of the Corporate group.  We assessed our goodwill as of December 31, 2007, noting no indication of impairment.
 
Due to market disruptions (see Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements), at September 30, 2008, there was an indication of impairment primarily caused by the continued decline in the Company’s market capitalization, which declined 74% in the nine-months ended September 30, 2008.  We believe the decline to be a function of the unfavorable market environment characterized by lack of liquidity, spread deterioration, and decline in asset values as well as general economic conditions.  As a result of our testing, we recognized an estimated $60.0 million impairment during the quarter ended September 30, 2008.
 
During the fourth quarter of 2008, we completed our annual impairment test, which indicated further impairment and we recorded an additional charge of $32.7 million.  For stand-alone reporting purposes, we wrote off the entire balance of goodwill associated with acquiring the businesses that comprise Centerline Mortgage Capital (“CMC”) and the remainder is attributable to our acquisition of CAHA.  In addition to the factors noted above, CMC expects to experience a decrease in future revenue streams as we work to align our organizational structure to maximize our return on our agency origination platform. Although we believe the affordable housing market will eventually recover, the timing of market recovery is uncertain and the resulting delay in cash flows from new originations caused a significant decrease in CAHA’s current enterprise value.
 
As a result of the placement of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae into conservatorship in September 2008 as well as the continuing decline in performance of AMAC and its inability to refinance repurchase lines during the fourth quarter, we recognized the following impairments of other intangible assets:
 
 
·
$55.2 million reduction in transactional relationships associated with Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae;
 
·
$2.9 million reduction in transactional relationships associated with managing AMAC (we had recorded a $7.2 million write-down of this asset in 2007 when AMAC suspended most of its investment activity); and
 
·
$2.0 million write-down of mortgage banking licenses.
 
The impairment charges in 2006 related to the discontinuation of an acquired investment venture.
 
For additional information, see Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
Loss on Impairment of Assets
 
We had recorded $15.9 million of leasehold improvements related to the lease of office space we no longer plan to occupy.  Upon that determination, we wrote-off the carrying value of those assets.
 
Consolidated Partnerships
 
Consolidated Partnerships include entities in which we have a substantive controlling general partner or managing member interest or in which we have concluded we are the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) in accordance with FASB Interpretation No. 46 (as revised) Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities – an interpretation of ARB No. 51  (“FIN46(R)”).  With respect to the Tax Credit Fund Partnerships and Tax Credit Property Partnerships, we have no equity interest or, in the case of 39 partnerships, an insignificant equity interest.  With respect to the CMBS Fund and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships, we have ownership of between 5.0% and 25.0% and also receive additional equity income allocations as manager.
 
 
- 58 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
A summary of the impact the Consolidated Partnerships have on our Consolidated Statements of Operations is as follows:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
(in thousands)
 
Tax Credit Fund and Property Partnerships
 
 
CMBS and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships
 
Total
 
Tax Credit Fund and Property Partnerships
 
 
CMBS and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships
 
Total
 
Tax Credit Fund and Property Partnerships
 
 
CMBS and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships(1)
 
Total
 
 
Revenues
 
$
86,738
 
$
253,221
 
$
339,959
 
$
76,645
 
$
181,376
 
$
258,021
 
$
48,338
 
$
41,318
 
$
89,656
 
Interest expense
   
(15,300
)
 
(149,722
)
 
(165,022
)
 
(19,245
)
 
(81,076
)
 
(100,321
)
 
(25,989
)
 
(21,937
)
 
(47,926
)
Loss on impairment of assets
   
--
   
(317,264
)
 
(317,264
)
 
--
   
(20,941
)
 
(20,941
)
 
--
   
--
   
--
 
Other expenses
   
(128,385
)
 
(10,455
)
 
(138,840
)
 
(106,360
)
 
(6,671
)
 
(113,031
)
 
(81,704
)
 
(438
)
 
(82,142
)
Partnership expenses eliminated in consolidation
   
(82,906
)
 
(3,565
)
 
(86,471
)
 
(79,651
)
 
(229
)
 
(79,880
)
 
(67,721
)
 
--
   
(67,721
)
Income (loss) on investments
   
(279,062
)
 
(4,705
)
 
(283,767
)
 
(321,798
)
 
1,632
   
(320,166
)
 
(273,892
)
 
(4,340
)
 
(278,232
)
Allocations to limited partners
   
419,043
   
240,185
   
659,228
   
450,437
   
(51,544
)
 
398,893
   
400,680
   
697
   
401,377
 
 
Net impact
 
$
128
   
7,695
 
$
7,823
 
$
28
 
$
22,547
 
$
22,575
 
$
(288
)
$
15,300
 
$
15,012
 

(1)
Represents period from date of Centerline Investor’s acquisition in August 2006.
 
The net impact represents the equity income we earn on our co-investments which is included in our net income (loss).  See SECTION 2 – Consolidated Results of Operations – Other Items.
 
The following table summarizes the number of Consolidated Partnerships over the three year period:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
               
Tax Credit Fund Partnerships
 
135
 
132
 
113
 
Tax Credit Property Partnerships
 
55
 
54
 
55
 
CMBS Fund Partnerships
 
3
 
 3
 
 2
 
High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership
 
1
 
 1
 
 1
 

 
Tax Credit Fund Partnerships and Tax Credit Property Partnerships
 
Our Affordable Housing group earns fees from the Tax Credit Fund Partnerships and interest on mortgage revenue bonds for which Tax Credit Property Partnerships are the obligors.  The Tax Credit Fund Partnerships are tax credit equity investment funds we sponsor and manage.  The Tax Credit Property Partnerships are partnerships for which we have assumed the role of general partner of the property-owning partnership.
 
With the exception of interest expense, the increased revenue and expenses over the three year-period is due to the higher number of Tax Credit Fund Partnerships over the same period.
 
Interest expense has decreased over the three-year period primarily due to decreases in the notes payable owed by Tax Credit Fund Partnerships over the same three-year period.  This was partially offset by an increase in interest expense for Tax Credit Property Partnerships related to an increase in notes payable owed by those entities.
 
As third-party investors hold virtually all of the equity interests in these entities, we allocate results of operations of these partnerships to such third-party investors except for the amounts shown in the table above which represent our nominal ownership.
 
CMBS Fund Partnerships and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership
 
The higher amounts of revenue and expenses in 2008 compared to 2007 associated with these funds are primarily due to the launching of a third CMBS fund in the third quarter of 2007 and an increase in the size of the High-Yield Debt fund since the fourth quarter of 2007.  The 2008 results also reflect asset impairment charges with respect to investments in CMBS, retained CMBS certificates, CDO debt and equity and mortgage loans held for investment of $317.3 million.
 
 
- 59 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
In addition to the launching of a third CMBS fund in the third quarter of 2007, the higher amounts of revenue and expenses in the 2007 period as compared to 2006 was due to the inclusion of the results in all of 2007 for two of the CMBS funds and the High-Yield Debt Fund as compared to the post-acquisition period in 2006.
 
SECTION 4 - LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
 
Liquidity
 
A significant part of managing our liquidity includes the ongoing ability to accommodate growth of assets under management, fund and maintain investments including ongoing commitments, pay compensation and fund other general business operations, including our contractual obligations.  Liquidity management involves forecasting funding requirements and maintaining sufficient capital to meet the fluctuating needs inherent in our business operations as well as unanticipated events.
 
We fund our short-term business needs (including investments) primarily with cash provided by operations.  During typical periods, our primary sources of capital to meet long-term liquidity needs (including acquisitions) are debt and various types of equity offerings, including equity of our subsidiaries.
 
Turbulence in the credit markets that began in 2007 has led to decreased availability of many forms of financing.  Specifically, since mid-2007 we have experienced a sharp decline in our common share price and more constrained credit in the following areas:
 
 
·
for asset-backed financing (such as we use to fund mortgage originations in our Commercial Real Estate and Affordable Housing groups), our financing facilities have remained constant with no increase in capacity despite the increase in our origination business.  In addition, we anticipate increased cost of funds and lower capacity upon renewal of the line in the second quarter of 2009;
 
·
our share price and the general environment for equity offerings have made obtaining equity capital extremely difficult.  Additionally, the 11.0% Preferred Shares that we issued in January 2008 (see Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements) have dividend requirements at a significantly higher rate than we historically paid;
 
·
for our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility (see Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements), the terms include a higher rate of interest and more stringent covenants (including restrictions on funding new business opportunities without lender approval) than had been the norm in prior periods. In addition, with the exception of dividends related to our Equity Issuer subsidiary and distributions from our REIT subsidiary, our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility, prohibit us from paying common and preferred dividends (see also Item 1A.  Risk Factors – Risks Related to Investing in Our Company); and
 
·
constriction in credit markets has made it difficult to expand our Commercial Real Estate fund management business especially at leverage levels achieved in prior years.  The market also has fewer investors.
 
Due to general market conditions and its impact on our business, we were unable to make the required principal payments under the existing Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility during the fourth quarter of 2008, and as a result, we amended the agreement in December 2008. Under the terms of the amended agreement, we are required to utilize any excess cash and cash equivalents available (and generate specified levels of cash from collection or sale of certain non-core assets as described below) to pay down our commitments each quarter end, which creates capacity on the revolver that may be drawn upon for working capital purposes.
 
Our ability to execute our business operations is dependent upon meeting required amortization payments on, refinancing our debt and improving liquidity. Management continues to actively pursue strategies to maintain and improve liquidity, particularly during periods of market disruption.  During 2008, we sold $57.1 million of mortgage revenue bond investments that did not meet our long-term investment criteria and securitized others that were not included in the December 2007 re-securitization transaction.  Additional steps and strategies we are pursuing include:
 
 
·
utilizing financing alternatives for investments that are not pledged as security for asset-based borrowings (which is subject to lender approval);
 
·
instituting measures to reduce general and administrative expenses, including salaries and other costs; and
 
·
continuing to sell investments that do not meet our long term investment criteria.
 
Our access to capital markets can be affected by factors outside our control, as discussed above.  In addition, with respect to both short- and long-term business needs, access to capital markets is impacted by market conditions and the short- and long-term debt ratings assigned by independent rating agencies.  The table below summarizes the credit ratings for us and our consolidated subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008:
 
 
- 60 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
   
Centerline Holding Company Rating
 
Centerline Financial LLC Rating
 
Equity Issuer Rating
 
               
Moody’s Investor Services
             
Corporate credit
 
B2
 
--
 
--
 
Senior debt
 
B2
 
Aaa
 
--
 
               
Standard & Poor’s
             
Corporate credit
 
B+
 
AAA
     
Senior debt
 
B+
 
AAA
 
--
 
Preferred shares
 
--
 
--
 
Aaa
 

 
Given the current market conditions, we do not expect to continue obtaining ratings for Centerline Holding Company for the foreseeable future.  Through February 23, 2009, we repaid $19.2 million of the Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility, of which $4.1 million creates capacity on the Revolver that may be drawn upon at any time for working capital purposes. Of the amount repaid, $4.8 million was realized from the collection or sale of non-core assets, representing a significant portion of the $5.5 million we are required to repay in 2009 from such sources. Notwithstanding current market conditions, management believes cash flows from operations and future monetization of certain non-core assets are sufficient to sustain current operations and repay the required amounts due under the Term Loan agreement.
 
Cash Flows
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
Net cash flow from operating activities
 
$
(1,088
)
$
259,884
 
$
103,309
 
Net cash flow from investing activities
   
14,133
   
1,218,354
   
(540,583
)
Net cash flow from financing activities
   
(46,277
)
 
(1,519,940
)
 
454,792
 
Net change in cash
 
$
(33,232
)
$
(41,702
)
$
17,518
 

 
Operating Activities
 
The decline in operating cash flows was driven principally by reduced cash earnings and sharp increases in cash used for operating assets and liabilities.  Although the net losses in both 2008 and 2007 included substantial non-cash charges, the underlying earnings excluding these items declined in 2008 as a result of reduced Affordable Housing fund origination activity, higher cash costs associated with interest rate swaps and increased facilities costs.  Lower operating liability and deferred revenue balances in 2008 led to significant uses of operating cash as did a lower decline in receivables balances during the year as compared to 2007.  Partially offsetting these factors was a net cash inflow resulting from a lower level of mortgages held for sale at the end of 2008 as compared to the prior year end.
 
Despite the net loss in 2007, our cash flows from operations increased over the 2006 level.  As much of the net loss was caused by non-cash charges (such as fair value changes in interest rate derivatives, impairment charges and non-cash compensation) and realized losses from investing activities (such as the loss on the December 2007 re-securitization transaction) those amounts are excluded from the calculation of operating cash flows.  The underlying increase in cash flows in this category was due to increased liability balances and receipts of fees and markedly lower receivable balances at the end of 2007 as compared to the prior year.
 
Investing Activities
 
In 2007 we acquired a significant level of investments in anticipation of the launch of a CMBS Fund Partnership which occurred in August 2007, for which there is no comparable activity in 2008.  In addition, general economic conditions have resulted in an overall reduction in investing activities.  Finally, we have sold more investments in the current period, in part to fund short-term liquidity needs of the business and due to changing investment strategies, particularly with respect to mortgage revenue bonds.
 
Investing inflows in 2007 were principally due to the cash received in the December 2007 re-securitization transaction coupled with a lower level of mortgage revenue bond origination activity prior to the transaction and lower levels of net investing activity in our other businesses.  Additionally, outflows in the 2006 period included the acquisition of Centerline Investors.  These factors were offset by a higher level of net cash placed as collateral due to escrow requirements associated with the re-securitization and the replacement of investment assets as collateral with cash following the transaction and a $62.7 million increase in our loan to AMAC.
 
 
- 61 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
Financing Activities
 
In the current period, we utilized proceeds from our 11.0% Preferred Shares principally to retire notes payable.  In 2007, we increased our notes payable position, in part to fund treasury stock repurchases. Our proceeds from secured financing in both periods, although lower in 2008, have effectively covered our repayments on similar securitization arrangements as well as payments to shareholders, which also significantly declined in the current period as we reduced and then suspended our dividends.
 
Financing outflows in 2007 were primarily associated with the December 2007 re-securitization transaction whereby we repaid virtually all of our existing securitization debt.  Additionally, we repaid a substantial portion of our credit facility debt as part of the transaction while 2006 included an increase due to the Centerline Investors acquisition.  Contributing to the decrease in outflows was the higher level of share repurchases in the first half of 2007.  Offsetting these factors was the cash received in the December 2007 re-securitization transaction that pertained to mortgage revenue bonds treated as financed rather than sold.
 
Liquidity Requirements after December 31, 2008
 
Equity distributions declared through January 31, 2009, which will be paid through February 28, 2009 are as follows:
 
   
(In thousands)
 
 
Equity Issuer Preferred shares
 
$
4,187
 

 
Through February 23, 2009, we paid down $19.2 million of the $68.9 million Term Loan balance outstanding as of December 31, 2008.
 
Management is not aware of any trends or events, commitments or uncertainties, which have not otherwise been disclosed, that will or are likely to impact liquidity in a material way (see also Commitments and Contingencies below).
 
Fair Value Disclosures
 
In January 2008, we adopted SFAS 157 which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.  In accordance with SFAS 157, we have categorized our assets and liabilities recorded at fair value into a three-level hierarchy based on the observability of the inputs to their valuations.  More information regarding the fair value hierarchy is provided in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
In liquid markets, readily available or observable prices are used in valuing mortgage related positions.  In less liquid markets, such as those we have encountered since the second half of 2007, we may be required to utilize other available information and modeling techniques to estimate the fair value for our positions.
 
The current lack of liquidity in the financial markets has caused investment spreads between the cost of funds and investment income to widen dramatically on investments, which could result in current fair values that are materially lower than we may realize from cash income or from proceeds on settlement or maturity.
 
Many of our investments are currently illiquid.  In addition, under our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility, we are required currently to raise specified amounts of cash by collecting or selling certain non-core assets held for our own account.  For our core assets and assets within our Consolidated Partnership group, in most cases, we have the intent and ability to hold the investments until maturity or recovery, and as such the fair value presented, considering current market conditions, may diverge materially from the amounts that we will ultimately realize.  This is because the premise under GAAP is that assets generally should be valued on the basis of their current market value and, if no market exists, on a hypothetical market value, regardless of whether we plan to sell or would sell under market conditions such as those we are currently experiencing.  We have not historically sold investment assets in market transactions, but rather have held them until optional redemption dates or allowed early redemption in exchange for penalty fees we earn.
 
 
- 62 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
Similar to other market participants, we are confronted by valuation related issues, particularly since the second half of 2007.  These include:
 
 
·
uncertainty resulting from a drastic decline in market activity for certain of our mortgage backed products, including CMBS;
 
·
significant increase in dependence on model-related assumptions and/or unobservable inputs;
 
·
doubts about the quality of the market information utilized as inputs;
 
·
market uncertainty that may result in unduly conservative quotes from brokers; and
 
·
in certain cases, the downgrades of certain trusts in which we may hold certificates.
 
The fair value of these assets as required by GAAP does not represent the future value that we expect to realize on the settlement or maturity of these investments.  While the terms of the debt agreements that are secured by these assets or the expected liquidation of the funds that hold them require that we account for the investments as available-for-sale (and therefore record them as the GAAP fair value), we intend to hold these investments for a substantial period of time, most likely until maturity.
 
In addition, the broker quotes that we receive incorporate assumptions that imply rates and magnitude of default and/or discount rates that we deem significantly unusual and improbable even when acknowledging that commercial real estate will likely experience increased stress in the near term.  While market expectations reflect likely increases in these factors and the lack of liquidity attendant to the uncertainties of the economic climate, we believe the market values predict a stressed reality which we believe is not reflective of the high-credit quality real estate portfolio that underlies many of our securities.
 
The following table illustrates the percentage differential in values derived by varying the default and yield assumptions from those implicit in the third party broker quotes available.  On average, the assumptions implied in the aggregate valuations of our available-for sale securities (CMBS, retained CMBS certificates and CDO debt and equity), including both assets held for our own account and those within the CMBS Fund and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships are:
 
 
·
a 3.0% constant default rate (“CDR”) with a 30% severity of loss on default; and
 
·
a 100% yield to discount the cash flows.
 
As a point of reference, the current average delinquent balance is 1.16% and our historical average loss severity is 19.4%.
 
For comparison purposes, the multiples below represent the change in the aggregate value of the investments assuming a 1.0% CDR and a 3.0% CDR, and with varying yield percentages used to discount the cash flows.  The loss severity for all values is assumed to be 30%.
 
   
Multiple of Broker
Quotes Assuming:
Yield Percentage
 
1.0% CDR
 
3.0% CDR
               
10
%
 
7.64
x
 
3.70
x
20
%
 
4.77
x
 
2.76
x
30
%
 
3.38
x
 
2.22
x
40
%
 
2.61
x
 
1.88
x
50
%
 
2.14
x
 
1.65
x
60
%
 
1.82
x
 
1.48
x
70
%
 
1.60
x
 
1.35
x
80
%
 
1.44
x
 
1.24
x
90
%
 
1.31
x
 
1.15
x
100
%
 
1.21
x
 
1.08
x(1)
 
(1)    Value approximates the third party broker quotes available.
 
As defined in FAS 157, “Level 3” assets are those for which inputs to valuation are not observable in the marketplace and, therefore, require significant judgment in determining fair value. Provided below is the percentage of Level 3 assets as compared to total assets measured at fair value.  We had no Level 3 financial liabilities for the periods presented.  For additional information, including a discussion of the related valuation techniques for Level 3 assets, see Notes 2 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
 
- 63 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
December 31,
2008
 
December 31,
2007
 
 
Level 3 assets held for our own account:
             
Series A-1 Freddie Mac Certificates
 
$
335,047
 
$
288,672
 
Series B Freddie Mac Certificates
   
123,122
   
153,468
 
Mortgage revenue bonds
   
69,217
   
376,432
 
Retained CMBS certificates
   
7,313
   
75,328
 
CMBS
   
2,550
   
13,361
 
Mortgage servicing rights(1)
   
52,483
   
58,529
 
Level 3 assets held by Consolidated Partnerships:
             
CMBS
   
182,828
   
1,235,059
 
Retained CMBS certificates
   
9,867
   
482,424
 
CDO debt and equity
   
33,189
   
65,060
 
Total Level 3 assets
 
$
815,616
 
$
2,748,333
 
 
Level 3 assets as a percentage of total fair value assets
   
94.0
%
 
94.0
%
 
(1)   Financial asset fair valued on a non-recurring basis.
 

 
The primary decrease in Level 3 assets relates to CMBS held by our Consolidated Partnerships.  These assets decreased principally due to the continuing decline in marks provided by certain dealers who make a market in these financial instruments.  The declines in fair value increased the frequency and magnitude of margin calls on repurchase financing and interest rate swap contracts at one of the CMBS Fund Partnerships.  In connection with these margin calls, we (along with other investors in the fund) loaned monies to the fund to allow it to terminate the repurchase financing and swap contracts (see also Note 27 to the consolidated financial statements).  The decline in mortgage revenue bonds is due principally to sales of certain assets, some of which were re-securitized in 2007 but were not recognized as sold until 2008 (see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements).
 
While, as noted above, we have the ability and intent to hold most of our assets until maturity or recovery, we have recorded impairment charges for certain assets for which we either do not have such ability or intent, for which the underlying credit quality had deteriorated (and, therefore, we may not recover our full investment) or for which the timing of expected losses led to an impairment charge in accordance with GAAP.
 
We recorded the following impairments of Level 3 assets for the periods presented (see Notes 13 and 22 to the consolidated financial statements):
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
 
Series B Freddie Mac Certificates
 
$
7,968
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
 
Mortgage revenue bonds
   
10,928
   
19,933
   
4,676
 
 
Retained CMBS certificates
   
10,736
   
--
   
--
 
 
Subtotal (excluding Consolidated Partnerships)
   
29,632
   
19,933
   
4,676
 
 
CMBS (held by Consolidated Partnerships)
   
95,976
   
--
   
--
 
 
Retained CMBS certificates (held by Consolidated Partnerships)
   
27,016
   
20,941
   
--
 
 
CDO debt and equity (held by Consolidated Partnerships)
   
101,027
   
--
   
--
 
 
Total
 
$
253,651
 
$
40,874
 
$
4,676
 

 
- 64 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
Capital Resources
 
Financing Obligations
 
The following table summarizes the debt facilities of our Company and our Consolidated Partnerships:
 
           
December 31, 2008
 
(in thousands)
 
December 31,
2008
 
December 31,
2007
 
 
Available to
Borrow
 
Maximum
Commitment
 
                           
Credit Facility:
                         
Term loan
 
$
68,884
 
$
140,000
 
$
--
 
$
68,884
 
Termed-out portion of revolving credit facility
   
220,000
   
N/A
   
--
   
220,000
 
Revolving portion of revolving credit facility
   
8,000
   
210,000
   
5,019
(1)
 
25,000
 
 
Other Notes Payable:
                         
Mortgage banking warehouse line
   
32,229
   
32,302
   
N/A
(2)
 
150,000
 
Multifamily ASAP plus facility
   
14,869
   
58,413
   
N/A
(2)
 
N/A
 
Commercial Real Estate lines
   
13,846
   
56,912
   
--
(3)
 
N/A
 
Syndicated corporate debt warehouse Line(4)
   
--
   
5,423
   
N/A
   
N/A
 
Other
   
233
   
2,838
   
N/A
   
N/A
 
 
Financing Arrangements:
                         
Bond securitizations
   
62,424
   
14,275
   
N/A
   
N/A
 
Subtotal
   
420,485
   
520,163
   
5,019
   
463,884
 
 
Freddie Mac Secured Financing(5)
   
348,989
   
548,227
   
N/A
   
N/A
 
Subtotal (excluding Consolidated Partnerships)
   
769,474
   
1,068,390
   
5,019
   
463,884
 
 
Consolidated Partnerships
   
1,833,330
   
1,997,332
   
N/A
   
N/A
 
 
Total
 
$
2,602,804
 
$
3,065,722
 
$
5,019
 
$
463,884
 

(1)
Availability reduced by outstanding letters of credit.
(2)
Borrowings under these facilities are limited to assets that serve as collateral.
(3)
In November 2008, our existing repurchase line at Centerline Investors was terminated and we entered into a term loan arrangement with Bank of America whereby certain cash flows from the investments used to secure the arrangement are applied to the outstanding principal balance until paid in full.
(4)
During 2008, the syndicated corporate debt warehouse line was terminated.
(5)
Related to mortgage revenue bonds that we re-securitized but for which the transaction was not recognized as a sale (see Notes 7 and 15 to the consolidated financial statements).
 
Credit Facility
 
In December 2008, we amended our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility.  The amended agreement contains restrictions on our ability to invest in new business and other provisions, including limitations on:
 
 
·
incurring additional unsecured indebtedness without lender approval;
 
·
declaring and paying dividends (including distributions to minority interests);
 
·
certain new business investment without lender approval; and
 
·
conducting transactions with our affiliates.
 
In addition, we are required to raise a minimum of $5.5 million in cash by collecting or selling assets deemed to be non-core during 2009 (of which $4.8 million has been monetized since December 31, 2008) and utilize such proceeds to pay down amounts owed under the facilities and must reduce the debt to certain levels of principal outstanding at specified future dates.  Further, proceeds of certain transactions must be applied to paying down the outstanding balances under these facilities.
 
- 65 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
 
The Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility require us to maintain certain financial and other covenants including (as defined in the agreement):
 
 
·
a minimum level of consolidated net worth;
 
·
a minimum ratio of consolidated EBITDA to fixed charges; and
 
·
a minimum ratio of funded debt to consolidated EBITDA.
 
For further information with respect to our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility, see Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
As of December 31, 2008, we believe we were in compliance with all of these covenants.
 
Other Notes Payable
 
Other Notes Payable items primarily represent asset-backed financing arrangements, such as we use to fund mortgage originations in our Commercial Real Estate and Affordable Housing groups. For further information with respect to these items, see Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
Consolidated Partnerships
 
The capital structure of our Consolidated Partnerships comprises debt facilities that are non-recourse to us, including:
 
 
·
four CDO financing arrangements of the CMBS Fund Partnerships;
 
·
notes payable by the Tax Credit Fund Partnerships collateralized either by the funds’ limited partners’ equity subscriptions or by the underlying investments of the funds;
 
·
repurchase agreements for High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership; and
 
·
bridge loans extended to a CMBS Fund Partnership by its investors (including us).
 
During 2008 and 2007, our CMBS Fund Partnerships made net cash payments due to increased margin calls on repurchase facilities.  The margin calls, which were due to the continuing volatility in CMBS markets and tightening of credit by many lenders, led us to secure the bridge loan financing noted above during the period to replace the existing repurchase facilities for one of the CMBS Fund Partnerships.  As of December 31, 2008, no repurchase facilities remain at the CMBS Fund Partnerships. For further information with respect to these items, see Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
Further information about our financing obligations is included under Commitments and Contingencies later in this section.
 
Equity
 
Other than our common shares, we have several classes of equity outstanding, provided in the table below, with varying claims upon our income and cash flows:
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
 
Mezzanine equity:
             
Minority interests in subsidiaries
 
$
75,080
 
$
176,716
 
Preferred shares of subsidiary (not subject to mandatory repurchase)
   
104,000
   
104,000
 
Redeemable CRA Shares
   
197,006
   
69,888
 
11.0% Preferred shares
   
129,373
   
--
 
 
Shareholders’ equity:
             
CRA Shares
   
3,144
   
118,160
 

 
Shareholders’ equity declined $1.4 billion for the year ended December 31, 2008.  The decline is principally a function of:
 
 
·
the net loss of $232.2 million;
 
 
- 66 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
 
·
the reclassification of $127.1 million from equity to mezzanine equity in connection with the execution of put option agreements for certain equity shares, net of subsequent conversion to common shares for certain of these shares (see Notes 19 and 20 to the consolidated financial statements); and
 
·
other comprehensive losses of $1.0 billion.
 
Other comprehensive losses include $867.1 million of unrealized losses attributable to third-party minority interests in our CMBS funds.  Although we only have a limited economic interest in such entities, in accordance with GAAP we absorb the unrealized losses through our equity to the extent such third party minority interest has been reduced to zero.  Upon adoption of FASB Statement No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – an amendment of ARB No. 51 (“SFAS 160”), any future unrealized gains or losses will be attributed to the minority interest; however, the historical losses will remain as part of our equity generally until the funds generating the losses are deconsolidated or liquidated.
 
Further information about our equity instruments is included in Notes 18, 19 and 20 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
 
- 67 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
Commitments and Contingencies
 
Contractual Obligations
 
The following table provides our commitments as of December 31, 2008, to make future payments under our debt agreements and other contractual obligations:
 
   
Payments due by period
 
(in thousands)
 
Total
 
 
Less than
1 year
 
1-3 years
 
3-5 years
 
More than
5 years
 
                                 
Notes payable(1)(2):
                               
Credit Facility:
                               
Term Loan(3)
 
$
68,884
 
$
68,884
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
Termed out portion of Revolving Credit Facility (3)
   
220,000
   
--
   
220,000
   
--
   
--
 
Revolving portion of Revolving Credit Facility (4)
   
8,000
   
--
   
8,000
   
--
   
--
 
                                 
Mortgage banking warehouse line(5)
   
32,229
   
32,229
   
--
   
--
   
--
 
Multifamily ASAP plus facility(5)
   
14,869
   
14,869
   
--
   
--
   
--
 
Commercial Real Estate term note(6)
   
13,846
   
13,846
   
--
   
--
   
--
 
Other
   
233
   
233
                   
Subtotal
   
358,061
   
130,061
   
228,000
   
--
   
--
 
                                 
Bond securitizations(1)(2)
   
62,424
   
--
   
--
   
--
   
62,424
 
                                 
Operating lease obligations(7)
   
274,023
   
21,008
   
42,766
   
39,821
   
170,428
 
Subleases
   
(5,603
)
 
(1,318
)
 
(2,666
)
 
(1,619
)
 
--
 
Preferred shares of subsidiary (subject to mandatory repurchase)
   
273,500
   
--
   
--
   
--
   
273,500
 
 
Subtotal
   
935,405
   
149,751
   
268,100
   
38,202
   
506,352
 
                                 
Freddie Mac secured financing(8)
   
348,989
   
11,200
   
11,739
   
--
   
326,050
 
Unfunded investment commitments(9)
   
229,112
   
188,622
   
40,490
   
--
   
--
 
 
Subtotal before Consolidated Partnerships
   
1,540,506
   
349,573
   
320,329
   
38,202
   
832,402
 
 
Notes payable of consolidated partnerships(10)
   
672,730
   
198,958
   
319,510
   
153,719
   
543
 
Financing arrangements of consolidated partnerships
   
1,121,475
   
18,383
   
144,360
   
237,684
   
721,048
 
Repurchase agreements of consolidated partnerships
   
39,125
   
--
   
39,125
   
--
   
--
 
Consolidated Partnership unfunded investment commitments(11)
   
602,774
   
205,306
   
270,885
   
126,583
   
--
 
 
Subtotal of Consolidated Partnerships
   
2,436,104
   
422,647
   
773,880
   
517,986
   
721,591
 
 
Total
 
$
3,976,611
 
$
772,220
 
$
1,094,209
 
$
556,188
 
$
1,553,993
 

(1)
The amounts included in each category reflect the current expiration, reset or renewal date of each facility or security certificate.  Management has the intent and believes it has the ability to repay, renew, refinance or remarket the borrowings beyond their current due dates.  
(2)
Recourse debt represents principal amount only.  The weighted average interest rate at period end, including the impact of swaps, was 8.89%.
 
 
- 68 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
(3)
Amounts are expected to be repaid from releases of stabilization escrow (see Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements), monetization of non-core assets, specified cash flow streams, operating cash flows and other anticipated cash receipts.
(4)
To the extent this portion of the facility is used to acquire equity interests in tax credit partnerships (see Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements) the amounts are repaid from proceeds upon sale of those interests to a tax credit fund.
(5)
Represents borrowings by our mortgage banking subsidiaries for which the associated mortgage loans held for sale have firm sale commitments.  The amounts borrowed are repaid upon sale of the loans.
(6)
Amounts are expected to be repaid using the cash interest income from the collateral assets.
(7)
We are currently in negotiations with the landlord regarding the subleasing of space we planned to occupy as our new headquarters.  Negotiations are ongoing and we cannot estimate the outcome at this time. See also Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements.
(8)
Represents a liability established related to mortgage revenue bonds re-securitized in December 2007 which were not accounted for as sold due to continuing involvement with the underlying assets.  Amounts are based upon the expected repayment dates of the underlying bonds.  As the associated mortgage revenue bonds are repaid and/or receive sale treatment, the associated liability will be reduced (see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements).
(9)
Of this amount, $227.9 million represents mortgage loan origination commitments with corresponding sale commitments.  The origination commitments are funded using the Mortgage banking warehouse line and/or the Multifamily ASAP plus facility.  See discussion of those facilities above.
(10)
Of the notes payable of consolidated partnerships, $214.7 million are collateralized by equity subscriptions of certain equity partners of the investment funds.  Under the partnership agreements, the equity partners are also obligated to pay the principal and interest on the notes.  Of the remaining balance, $163.0 million is collateralized with the underlying properties of the consolidated operating partnerships.  All of this debt is non-recourse to us.
(11)
To be funded from capital of Consolidated Partnerships.  Payments of investment commitments are based on property performance thresholds as defined in the partnership agreements.  The estimated scheduled payments can vary based on the actual performance of the properties.
 
Further information is included in Notes 7, 8, 14, 15, 17 and 30 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
The following table reflects our maximum exposure and the carrying amounts as of December 31, 2008 for guarantees we and our subsidiaries have entered into and other contingent liabilities:
 
(in thousands)
 
Maximum
Exposure
 
Carrying
Amount
 
               
Tax Credit Fund credit intermediation(1)
 
$
1,587,685
 
$
31,380
 
Mortgage banking loss sharing agreements(2)
   
952,719
   
13,116
 
Credit support to developers(3)
   
171,836
   
261
 
Centerline Financial credit default swaps(4)
   
44,015
   
1,097
 
   
$
2,756,255
 
$
45,854
 
 
(1)     We see these transactions as opportunities to expand our Affordable Housing business by offering broad capital solutions to customers.  To date, we have had minimal exposure to losses and anticipate no material liquidity requirements in satisfaction of any arrangement.  The carrying values disclosed above relate to the fees we earn for the transactions, which we recognize as their fair values.
(2)      The loss sharing agreements with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are a normal part of the DUS and DUI lender programs and afford a higher level of fees than we earn for other comparable funding sources.  The carrying value disclosed above is our estimate of potential exposure under the guarantees, although any funding requirements for such exposure is based on the contractual requirements of the underlying loans we sell to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which vary as to amount and duration, up to a maximum of 30 years.  The carrying value disclosed above represents the reserve we have recorded as a reduction of mortgage servicing rights, which we recognize as the fair value of the agreements.  In addition to the carrying amount above, we recorded a $1.5 million charge in the second quarter of 2008 for specific expected losses under our mortgage loan loss sharing agreement with Fannie Mae.
 
 

 
- 69 -

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
(3)     Generally relate to business requirements for developers to obtain construction financing.  As part of our role as co-developer of certain properties, we issue these guarantees in order to secure properties as assets for the funds we manage.  To date, we have had minimal exposure to losses under these guarantees.  The carrying values disclosed above relate to the fees we earn for the transactions, which we recognize as their fair values.
(4)      To date, we have had minimal exposure to losses and anticipate no material liquidity requirements in satisfaction of any arrangement.  The carrying values disclosed above relate to the fees we earn for the transactions, which we recognize as their fair values.
 
 
The maximum exposure amount is not indicative of our expected losses under the guarantees.  For details of these transactions, see Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
SECTION 5 – APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
 
Our consolidated financial statements are based on the selection and application of GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.  These estimates and assumptions sometimes involve future events that cannot be determined with absolute certainty.  Therefore, our determination of estimates requires that we exercise judgment.  While we have used our best estimates based on the facts and circumstances available to us at the time, different results may actually occur and any such differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements.  The SEC considers an accounting policy to be critical if it is important to our financial condition and results of operations.  The development and the selection of these critical accounting policies have been determined by management and reviewed with our Audit Committee.  Due to the significant judgment involved in selecting certain assumptions, it is possible that different parties could choose different assumptions and reach different conclusions.
 
We believe the following policies may involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity and represent the critical accounting estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for further information with respect to these accounting policies).
 
Fair Value
 
Fair value measurements are an integral part of the preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP.  In determining fair value, the selection of the appropriate valuation technique as well as determination of inputs, assumptions and estimates for each technique requires significant judgment.  Although we believe that the inputs used in our valuation techniques are reasonable as of the measurement date, a change in one or more of the inputs could result in a material increase or decrease in the fair value of certain assets or liabilities.  Either instance would have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
Provided below are those instances where the determination of fair value could have the most significant impact on our financial condition or results of operations.  Changes in the estimates and assumptions discussed could materially affect the determination of fair value:
 
Valuation of Series B Freddie Mac Certificates.  We determine fair value of the Series B Freddie Mac Certificates, which represent the residual interests of the re-securitized portfolio, based upon a discounted cash flow model.  The assumptions include:
 
 
·
estimating the default and prepayment rates of the mortgage revenue bonds in the managed portfolio, which estimates are based on our historical experience and industry studies related to properties comparable to those underlying the bonds; and
 
·
applying an appropriate discount rate, which we consider in comparison to comparable residual interests secured by multifamily loans, along with consideration of the tax free nature of the associated income.
 
In determining these assumptions, management must consider micro- and macroeconomic conditions, the factors that serve as a disincentive to default, and the source of cash flows properties use to make debt service payments.  Impairment considerations are principally driven by timing and magnitude of credit losses and our ability and intent to retain the residual.
 
Valuation of Mortgage Servicing Rights.  SFAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities (“SFAS 140”), as amended, requires that servicing rights retained when mortgage loans are sold be recorded as assets at fair value and amortized in proportion to, and over the period of, estimated net servicing income. Significant judgment is required in accounting for these assets, including:
 
 
- 70 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
 
·
Determining the fair value of the asset retained when the associated mortgage is sold and in subsequent reporting periods, including such factors as costs to service the loans, the estimated rate of prepayments, the estimated rate of default and an appropriate discount rate to calculate the present value of cash flows; and
 
·
Estimating the appropriate proportion and period for amortizing the asset.
 
We assess our mortgage servicing rights for impairment based on the fair value of the assets as compared to carrying values. We estimate the fair value by obtaining market information from one of the primary mortgage servicing rights brokers. To determine impairment, the mortgage servicing portfolio is stratified by the risk characteristics of the underlying mortgage loans and we compare the estimated fair value of each stratum to its carrying value. With respect to our primary servicing portfolio, we have determined that the predominant risk characteristics are the interest rate and type of loan.  For our other servicing portfolios we have determined that the predominant risk characteristic is the ability to generate a consistent income stream per loan due to the short-term nature of the loans being serviced or due to the fact that certain servicing revenues are non-recurring.
 
Impairment of Goodwill and Intangible Assets.  SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, requires that goodwill be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment) on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment regarding the fair value of each reporting unit which is estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology. This, in turn, requires significant judgments including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business and the life over which cash flows will occur. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and/or goodwill impairment.
 
In addition, should we determine that goodwill is impaired, we would also review intangible assets for the same business to determine if they were also impaired. As with goodwill, any indicators of impairment of a specific intangible asset would also lead to a review. As the methods for determining fair values of intangible assets are similar to those for determining the fair value of goodwill, the same judgments and uncertainties apply to these determinations as well.
 
Accounting for Income Taxes
 
SFAS 109 establishes financial accounting and reporting standards for the effect of income taxes. The objectives of accounting for income taxes are to recognize the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in an entity’s financial statements or tax returns. Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or tax returns as well as the recoverability of amounts we record, including deferred tax assets. Furthermore, these projected future tax consequences include our assumption as to the continuing tax-free nature of a portion of our earnings. Variations in the actual outcome of these future tax consequences could materially impact our financial position or our results of operations.  In addition, determining our exposure in connection with uncertain tax positions in accordance with FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (“FIN 48”) requires judgment by management including determination of whether it is more likely than not that a position would withstand audit and the measurement of the tax position and related interest and penalties if challenged.
 
Consolidation
 
Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the parent trust, its wholly owned and majority owned subsidiary and statutory trusts, other non-trust subsidiary companies it controls and entities consolidated pursuant to FIN 46(R) or other similar accounting pronouncements including those governing partnerships.  The analysis as to whether to consolidate an entity is subject to significant judgment.  Some of the criteria we are required to consider include:
 
 
·
determination of degree of control over an entity by its various equity holders;
 
·
structure of the entity;
 
·
relationships between equity holders;
 
·
determination of primary beneficiary; and
 
·
ability to replace general partners, among others.
 
These analyses involve estimates, probability weighting of subjective factors included within cash flow models, and other estimates based on the judgment of management.
 
- 71 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
Our consolidated financial statements reflect the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the Consolidated Partnerships on a gross basis.  The interests of investors in these funds, which comprise the majority ownership interest, have historically been reflected as limited partners’ interests in consolidated partnerships.  As a result of consolidation, management fees and incentive fees earned by other segments related to the Consolidated Partnerships are eliminated in consolidation; however, our allocated share of the net income is adjusted accordingly such that the consolidation has no effect on our net income or loss.  The deconsolidation of the Consolidated Partnerships would have the impact of significantly lowering our revenues and related expenses and restoring the presentation of management fees, including incentive fees that had previously been eliminated in consolidation.
 
In addition, we use the equity method to account for investments for which we have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies.  Our consolidated net income includes our share of net earnings of these companies.  Our judgment regarding the level of influence over each equity method investment includes the consideration of key factors such as voting interests, representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making decisions and materiality of intercompany transactions.
 
SECTION 6 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
 
As discussed in Note 28 to the consolidated financial statements, we have had significant transactions with related parties.  Following is a discussion of the most significant of those relationships.
 
American Mortgage Acceptance Company
 
Through our subsidiaries, we manage the operations of AMAC and originated loans on its behalf.  As with the CMBS Fund and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships and other entities managed by our Commercial Real Estate group, we also invested in AMAC and loaned amounts to assist in its growth and to refinance debt as necessary to protect our invested interests and the cash flow streams our management contract generated.  As further discussed in SECTION 3 – RESULTS BY GROUP – Commercial Real Estate, we wrote down most of the amounts invested due to the impact of the economy on AMAC’s operations.
 
The Related Companies L.P.
 
Investments made by the funds and other entities we manage (including AMAC) may include investments in properties developed by The Related Companies, LP (“TRCLP”), a company controlled by our Chairman, if they meet the investment criteria of those entities, subject to our underwriting standards.  The nominating and governance committee of our Board of Trustees reviews such related parties investments.  We consider these investments for our managed entities based on our long standing business relationship with TRCLP and the alignment of their development portfolio with the investment objectives of our managed entities.
 
In January 2008, an affiliate of TRCLP purchased the entire class of our 11.0% Preferred Shares in a private placement The issuance of the shares was a condition to obtaining the credit facility into which we entered at the time we re-securitized our mortgage revenue bond portfolio.  While other buyers were considered for the share issuance, the terms desired by those parties would have resulted in a significantly higher cost of capital.
 
In March 2008, we commenced a rights offering that entitled shareholders to purchase these shares, with the TRCLP affiliate retaining all shares not purchased as part of the rights offering.  The rights offering concluded in April 2008; shareholders purchased 0.4 million shares for $4.4 million and we redeemed the same number of shares from the TRCLP affiliate.
 
Further information about these related party transactions, as well as certain transactions between the High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership and AMAC, is included in Note 28 to the consolidated financial statements.
 
SECTION 7 – RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
 
In September 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) EITF 03-6-1, Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions are Participating Securities.  Under FSP EITF 03-6-1, all outstanding unvested share-based payment awards that contain rights to nonforfeitable dividends are considered to participate in undistributed earnings with common shareholders.  Because the awards are considered participating securities, they would be included as a separate class in our calculation of EPS (see Note 26 to the consolidated financial statements).  FSP EITF 03-6-1 is effective for us on January 1, 2009 and all prior-period earnings per share data presented will be adjusted retrospectively.  The Company currently expects the adoption of FSP EITF 03-6-1 to reduce basic earnings per share by $0.01, $0.07 and $0.04 for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and to reduce diluted earnings per share by $0.01, $0.07 and $0.03 for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

- 72 -


Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(continued)
 
 
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 160.  SFAS 160 requires that a noncontrolling interest (currently displayed as minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries, preferred shares of  subsidiary (not subject to mandatory repurchase) and limited partners’ interests in consolidated partnerships) be reported as equity and the amount of consolidated net income specifically attributable to the noncontrolling interest be identified in the consolidated financial statements.  It also calls for consistency in the manner of reporting changes in the parent’s ownership interest and requires fair value measurement of any noncontrolling equity investment retained in a deconsolidation.  SFAS 160 is effective for us on January 1, 2009 and most of its provisions will apply prospectively.  The presentation and disclosure requirements, however, are to be applied retrospectively.  The adoption of SFAS 160 is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2008), Business Combinations (“SFAS 141(R)”).  SFAS 141(R) broadens the guidance of SFAS 141, extending its applicability to all transactions and other events in which one entity obtains control over one or more other businesses.  It broadens the fair value measurement and recognition of assets acquired, liabilities assumed and interests transferred as a result of business combinations.  SFAS 141(R) expands on required disclosures to improve the statement users’ abilities to evaluate the nature and financial effects of business combinations.  SFAS 141(R) is effective for us on January 1, 2009.  We do not expect the adoption of SFAS 141(R) to have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
 
In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 140-3, Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions (“FSP FAS 140-3”).  The objective of FSP FAS 140-3 is to provide implementation guidance on accounting for a transfer of a financial asset and repurchase financing.  Under the guidance in FSP FAS 140-3, there is a presumption that an initial transfer of a financial asset and a repurchase financing are considered part of the same arrangement (i.e., a linked transaction) for purposes of evaluation under SFAS 140.  If certain criteria are met, however, the initial transfer and repurchase financing shall not be evaluated as a linked transaction and shall be evaluated separately under SFAS 140.  FSP FAS 140-3 is effective for us on January 1, 2009.  We do not expect the adoption of FSP FAS 140-3 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
SECTION 8 – FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
This MD&A contains forward-looking statements.  These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather our beliefs and expectations and are based on our current estimates, projections and assumptions about our Company and industry.  Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.  These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, are difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements.  Some of these risks include, among other things:
 
·  
business limitations caused by adverse changes in real estate and credit markets and general economic and business conditions;
·  
risks related to the form and structure of our financing arrangements;
·  
our ability to generate new income sources, raise capital for investment funds and maintain business relationships with providers and users of capital;
·  
changes in applicable laws and regulations;
·  
our tax treatment, the tax treatment of our subsidiaries and the tax treatment of our investments;
·  
competition with other companies;
·  
risk of loss from direct and indirect investments in CMBS and CDOs and mortgage revenue bonds;
·  
risk of loss under mortgage banking loss sharing agreements;
·  
risks associated with providing credit intermediation; and
            ·
risks associated with enforcement by our creditors of any rights or remedies which they may possess.
 
We caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect our view only as of the date of this annual report on Form 10-K.  We are under no obligation to (and expressly disclaims any obligation to) update or alter its forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or otherwise.
 

 
- 73 -

 

Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks.
 
We invest in certain financial instruments that are subject to various forms of market risk, including interest rate risk.  We seek to prudently and actively manage such risks to earn sufficient compensation to justify the undertaking of such risks and to maintain capital levels which are commensurate with the risks we undertake.
 
The assumptions related to the following discussion of market risk involve judgments concerning future economic market conditions, future corporate decisions and other interrelating factors, many of which are beyond our control and all of which are difficult or impossible to predict with precise accuracy.  Although we believe that the assumptions underlying the forward-looking information are reasonable, any of the assumptions could be inaccurate and, therefore, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking information included herein will prove to be accurate.  Due to the significant uncertainties inherent in forward-looking information, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as our representation that our objectives and plans would be achieved.
 
Interest Rate Risk
 
The nature of our investments and the instruments used to raise capital for their acquisition expose us to income and expense volatility due to fluctuations in market interest rates.  Market interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors, all of which are beyond our control.  A rising interest rate environment could reduce the demand for multifamily tax-exempt and taxable financing, which could limit our ability to invest in mortgage revenue bonds or to structure transactions.  Conversely, falling interest rates may prompt historical renters to become homebuyers, in turn potentially reducing the demand for multifamily housing.
 
Impact on Earnings
 
Many of our investments bear interest at fixed rates, or pay interest which does not fluctuate with changes in market interest rates. In contrast, we have variable-rate debt related to our credit and warehouse facilities, with rates based on LIBOR.  Other long-term sources of capital, such as our preferred shares of our subsidiary and our preferred shares, carry a fixed dividend rate and as such, are not impacted by changes in market interest rates.
 
As of December 31, 2008, of the total amount of our liabilities labeled on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as “Financing Arrangements and Secured Financing” and “Notes Payable”, $420.5 million is variable rate debt not economically hedged via interest rate swap agreements.  We also have escrow balances of $199.7 million maintained by our Portfolio Management group and we are entitled to the interest earned on those balances.  A 1.0% increase in interest rates would therefore result in a net decrease of our pre-tax income by $2.7 million.
 
We manage this risk through the use of interest rate swaps as described in Note 27 to the consolidated financial statements.  In addition, we manage our exposure by striving for diversification in our businesses, including analysis of our susceptibility to interest rate changes and by managing our leverage.
 
Should market interest rates and/or prepayment speeds on our investments increase, margin calls on our repurchase agreements could substantially increase, causing an adverse change in our liquidity position and strategy.  The sources mentioned above may not be sufficient to meet our obligations, including margin calls, as they come due; as a result, further margin calls may result in asset sales.
 

 

 
- 74 -

 

 
 

 

 

 
MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
 
INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
 

 

 
The management of Centerline Holding Company and subsidiaries (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting.  Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and Board of Trustees regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.
 
All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations.  Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.
 
Centerline management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008.  In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control – Integrated Framework.  Based upon our assessment we believe that, as of December 31, 2008, our internal control over financial reporting is effective in accordance with those criteria.
 
Deloitte & Touche LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, have issued an audit report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, which appears on page 76 and which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008.
 

 

 
/s/ Marc D. Schnitzer
 
/s/ Robert L. Levy
Marc D. Schnitzer
 
Robert L. Levy
Chief Executive Officer
 
Chief Financial Officer
March 10, 2009
 
March 10, 2009

 

 
- 75 -

 


 

 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 

 
To the Board of Trustees and Shareholders of
 
Centerline Holding Company
 
New York, New York
 
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Centerline Holding Company and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2008 based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.  The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on the Effectiveness of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
 
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.  Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances.  We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company's board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.  Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
 
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules as of and for the year ended December 31, 2008, of the Company and our report dated March 10, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules, and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, in 2008.
 

 
/s/DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
 
New York, New York
 
March 10, 2009
 

 
- 76 -

 


 
Item 8.
 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
   
       
Page
(a) 1.
 
Financial Statements
   
         
   
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
78
         
   
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2008 and 2007
 
79
         
   
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
 
80
         
   
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
 
81
         
   
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
 
84
         
   
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
   
         
   
Note 1 – Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
 
84
   
Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
86
   
Note 3 – Accounting Pronouncements to be Adopted
 
94
   
Note 4 – Market Conditions and Liquidity
 
95
   
Note 5 – Assets Pledged as Collateral
 
96
   
Note 6 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
96
   
Note 7 – Re-securitization of Mortgage Revenue Bond Portfolio
 
100
   
Note 8 – Available-for-Sale Investments
 
101
   
Note 9 – Equity Method Investments
 
108
   
Note 10 – Other Investments
 
108
   
Note 11 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
 
109
   
Note 12 – Deferred Costs and Other Assets, Net
 
115
   
Note 13 – Assets of Consolidated Partnerships
 
116
   
Note 14 – Notes Payable
 
123
   
Note 15 – Financing Arrangements and Secured Financing
 
126
   
Note 16 – Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
 
127
   
Note 17 – Liabilities of Consolidated Partnerships
 
127
   
Note 18 – Subsidiary Equity
 
130
   
Note 19 – Redeemable Securities
 
134
   
Note 20 – Shareholders’ Equity
 
135
   
Note 21 – General and Administrative Expenses
 
138
   
Note 22 – Loss on Impairment of Assets
 
139
   
Note 23 – Share-Based Compensation
 
139
   
Note 24 – Revenues and Expenses of Consolidated Partnerships
 
143
   
Note 25 – Income Taxes
 
143
   
Note 26 – Earnings per Share
 
146
   
Note 27 – Financial Risk Management and Derivatives
 
147
   
Note 28 – Related Party Transactions
 
150
   
Note 29 – Business Segments
 
152
   
Note 30 – Commitments and Contingencies
 
154
   
Note 31 – Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
 
160





 
- 77 -

 


 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 

 
To the Board of Trustees and Shareholders of
 
Centerline Holding Company
 
New York, New York
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Centerline Holding Company and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008.  Our audits also included the financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 15(a)2.  These financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company's management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits.
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement.  An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.  An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Centerline Holding Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.  Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
 
As discussed in Notes 6 and 27 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, in 2008.
 
As discussed in Notes 2 and 25 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, in 2007.
 
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 10, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
 

 
/s/DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
New York, New York
March 10, 2009
 

 
- 78 -

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
(in thousands)
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2008
 
2007
 
 
ASSETS
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
103,879
 
$
137,111
 
Restricted cash
   
10,852
   
32,548
 
Investments:
             
Available-for-sale (Note 8)
   
539,213
   
936,191
 
Equity method (Note 9)
   
31,367
   
38,761
 
Other (Note 10)
   
134,227
   
184,464
 
Investments in and loans to affiliates, net (Note 28)
   
19,222
   
107,175
 
Goodwill and intangible assets, net (Note 11)
   
338,650
   
504,273
 
Deferred costs and other assets, net (Note 12)
   
135,679
   
141,438
 
Consolidated partnerships (Note 13):
             
Investments:
             
Available-for-sale
   
225,884
   
1,782,543
 
Held-to-maturity
   
288,960
   
--
 
Equity method
   
4,234,251
   
4,178,206
 
Other
   
248,469
   
414,377
 
Land, buildings and improvements, net
   
697,422
   
661,380
 
Other assets
   
373,932
   
371,735
 
 
Total assets
 
$
7,382,007
 
$
9,490,202
 
 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
Liabilities:
             
Notes payable (Note 14)
 
$
358,061
 
$
505,888
 
Financing arrangements and secured financing  (Note 15)
   
411,413
   
562,502
 
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities (Note 16)
   
205,464
   
313,250
 
Preferred shares of subsidiary (subject to mandatory repurchase) (Note 18)
   
273,500
   
273,500
 
Consolidated partnerships (Note 17):
             
Financing arrangements
   
1,121,475
   
1,122,906
 
Notes payable
   
672,730
   
458,367
 
Repurchase agreements
   
39,125
   
416,059
 
Due to property partnerships
   
577,160
   
970,602
 
Other liabilities
   
208,664
   
193,020
 
 
Total liabilities
   
3,867,592
   
4,816,094
 
 
Minority interests in subsidiaries (Note 18)
   
75,080
   
176,716
 
Preferred shares of subsidiary (not subject to mandatory repurchase) (Note 18)
   
104,000
   
104,000
 
Redeemable securities (Note 19)
   
326,379
   
69,888
 
Limited partners’ interests in consolidated partnerships
   
3,876,467
   
3,782,912
 
 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 30)
             
 
Shareholders’ (deficit) equity (Note 20):
             
Beneficial owners’ equity:
             
4.4% Convertible CRA preferred shares; no par value; no shares issued and outstanding in 2008 and 1,060 shares issued and outstanding in 2007
   
--
   
51,281
 
Convertible CRA shares; no par value; 519 shares issued and outstanding in 2008 and 5,306 shares issued and outstanding in 2007
   
3,144
   
66,879
 
Special preferred voting shares; no par value; 13,131 shares issued and outstanding in 2008 and 14,298 shares issued and outstanding in 2007
   
131
   
143
 
Common shares; no par value; 160,000 shares authorized; 56,662 issued and 52,970 outstanding in 2008 and 53,943 issued and 50,567 outstanding in 2007
   
338,619
   
592,505
 
Treasury shares of beneficial interest – common, at cost; 3,692 shares in 2008 and 3,376 shares in 2007
   
(65,283
)
 
(64,312
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
   
(1,144,122
)
 
(105,904
)
Total shareholders’ (deficit) equity
   
(867,511
)
 
540,592
 
 
Total liabilities and equity
 
$
7,382,007
 
$
9,490,202
 


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
- 79 -

 
CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands except per share amounts)
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
 
Revenues:
                   
Interest income
 
$
98,677
 
$
209,597
 
$
190,659
 
Fee income
   
65,877
   
94,290
   
90,946
 
Other
   
7,062
   
11,019
   
15,998
 
Consolidated partnerships (Note 24):
                   
Interest income
   
262,997
   
195,203
   
51,728
 
Rental income
   
68,357
   
55,541
   
30,701
 
Other
   
8,605
   
7,277
   
7,227
 
Total revenues
   
511,575
   
572,927
   
387,259
 
 
Expenses:
                   
General and administrative (Note 21)
   
165,028
   
182,484
   
160,786
 
Interest
   
74,611
   
145,236
   
97,853
 
Interest – distributions to preferred shareholders of subsidiary
   
18,898
   
18,898
   
18,898
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
46,030
   
45,099
   
45,395
 
Write-off of goodwill and intangible assets (Note 11)
   
152,792
   
7,226
   
2,644
 
Loss on impairment of assets (Note 22)
   
48,935
   
20,008
   
5,003
 
Consolidated Partnerships (Note 24):
                   
Interest
   
165,022
   
100,321
   
47,926
 
Loss on impairment of assets
   
317,264
   
20,941
   
--
 
Other expenses
   
138,840
   
113,031
   
82,142
 
Total expenses
   
1,127,420
   
653,244
   
460,647
 
 
Loss before other income
   
(615,845
)
 
(80,317
)
 
(73,388
)
                     
Other (loss) income:
                   
Equity and other (loss) income
   
(79,149
)
 
(5,165
)
 
1,978
 
Gain from repayment or sale of investments, net
   
3,106
   
11,151
   
18,370
 
Loss on re-securitization of mortgage revenue bonds (Note 7)
   
--
   
(77,903
)
 
--
 
Other losses from consolidated partnerships, net
   
(283,767
)
 
(320,166
)
 
(278,232
)
 
Loss before allocations
   
(975,655
)
 
(472,400
)
 
(331,272
)
                     
(Income) loss allocations:
                   
Preferred shares of subsidiary
   
(6,225
)
 
(6,225
)
 
(6,225
)
Minority interests in subsidiaries, net of tax (Note 18)
   
94,317
   
24,111
   
(16,094
)
Limited partners of consolidated partnerships, net
   
659,228
   
398,893
   
401,377
 
 
(Loss) income before income taxes
   
(228,335
)
 
(55,621
)
 
47,786
 
Income tax provision (Note 25)
   
(3,823
)
 
(4,507
)
 
(6,492
)
 
Net (loss) income
   
(232,158
)
 
(60,128
)
 
41,294
 
                     
Dividends for preferred and redeemable securities (including dividends in arrears)
   
(20,351
)
 
(4,757
)
 
(4,752
)
Effect of redeemable share conversions
   
(16,912
)
 
(3,390
)
 
--
 
Net (loss) income for earnings per share calculations
 
$
(269,421
)
$
(68,275
)
$
36,542
 
 
Net (loss) income per share (Note 26):
                   
Basic
 
$
(5.18
)
$
(1.19
)
$
0.63
 
Diluted
 
$
(5.18
)
$
(1.19
)
$
0.62
 
 
Weighted average shares outstanding (Note 26):
                   
Basic
   
51,997
   
57,175
   
58,154
 
Diluted
   
51,997
   
57,175
   
58,711
 
 
Dividends declared per common share
 
$
0.225
 
$
1.68
 
$
1.68
 


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 
- 80 -

 
 
 
CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
 


   
4.4%
Convertible
CRA preferred
   
Convertible
CRA Shares
   
Special
Preferred
Voting Shares
   
Common Shares
   
Treasury Shares
   
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income/(loss)
   
Total
   
Comprehensive
Income/(loss)
 
                     
Shares
                               
                                                       
January 1, 2006
  $ 104,498       105,473       150       51,988       746,745       (7,135 )     100,104       1,049,835        
Net income
    --       --       --       --       41,294       --       --       41,294     $ 41,294  
Allocation of earnings
    4,752       4,137       --       --       (8,889 )     --       --       --       --  
Unrealized losses
    --       --       --       --       --       --       (33,241 )     (33,241 )     (33,241 )
Share-based compensation
    --       --       --       417       15,848       --       --       15,848       --  
Conversions or redemptions
    --       --       (2 )     20       1,954       --       --       1,952       --  
Treasury shares
    --       --       --       (1,082 )     --       (20,883 )     --       (20,883 )     --  
Distributions
    (4,752 )     (11,007 )     --       --       (88,914 )     --       --       (104,673 )     --  
December 31, 2006
    104,498       98,603       148       51,343       708,038       (28,018 )     66,863       950,132     $ 8,053  
                                                                         
Net loss
    --       --       --       --       (60,128 )     --       --       (60,128 )   $ (60,128 )
Allocation of earnings
    4,757       (7,436 )     --       --       2,679       --       --       --       --  
Unrealized losses
    --       --       --       --       --       --       (172,767 )     (172,767 )     (172,767 )
Share-based compensation
    --       --       --       918       29,999       --       --       29,999       --  
Adoption of FIN 48
    --       --       --       --       (1,161 )     --       --       (1,161 )     --  
Conversions or redemptions
    --       --       (5 )     278       5,139       --       --       5,134       --  
Reclassification to redeemable securities
    (53,217 )     (13,281 )     --       --       (3,390 )     --       --       (69,888 )     --  
Treasury shares
    --       --       --       (1,972 )     --       (36,294 )     --       (36,294 )     --  
Distributions
    (4,757 )     (11,007 )     --       --       (88,671 )     --       --       (104,435 )     --  
December 31, 2007
    51,281       66,879       143       50,567       592,505       (64,312 )     (105,904 )     540,592     $ (232,895 )
                                                                         
Net loss
    --       --       --       --       (232,158 )     --       --       (232,158 )   $ (232,158 )
Allocation of earnings
    38       (3,550 )     --       --       (11,786 )     --       --       (15,298 )     --  
Unrealized losses
    --       --       --       --       --       --       (1,038,218 )     (1,038,218 )     (1,038,218 )
Share-based compensation
    --       --       --       1,470       12,945       --       --       12,945       --  
Conversions or redemptions
    --       --       (12 )     1,249       5,383       --       --       5,371       --  
Reclassification to redeemable securities
    (51,281 )     (59,977 )     --       --       (10,797 )     --       --       (122,055 )     --  
Fair value accretion
    --       --       --       --       (6,115 )     --       --       (6,115 )     --  
Treasury shares
    --       --       --       (316 )     --       (971 )     --       (971 )     --  
Distributions
    (38 )     (208 )     --       --       (11,358 )     --       --       (11,604 )     --  
December 31, 2008
  $ --     $ 3,144     $ 131       52,970     $ 338,619       (65,283 )   $ (1,144,122 )   $ (867,511 )   $ (1,270,376 )


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


 
- 81 -

 
 
CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 

   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
Cash flows from operating activities:
                   
Net (loss) income
 
$
(232,158
)
$
(60,128
)
$
41,294
 
Reconciling items:
                   
Gain from repayment or sale of investments
   
(3,106
)
 
(803
)
 
(1,055
)
Impairment of investments and other assets
   
48,935
   
20,008
   
5,003
 
Loss on re-securitization of mortgage revenue bonds
   
--
   
77,903
   
--
 
Write-off of goodwill and intangible assets
   
152,792
   
7,226
   
2,644
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
46,030
   
45,099
   
45,395
 
Equity in losses (gains) of unconsolidated entities, net
   
79,149
   
5,165
   
(1,979
)
Distributions received from equity investees
   
--
   
149
   
4,469
 
Income allocated to preferred shares of subsidiary
   
6,225
   
6,225
   
6,225
 
Income (loss) allocated to minority interests in subsidiaries
   
(94,317
)
 
(24,111
)
 
16,094
 
Share-based compensation expense
   
12,945
   
29,019
   
15,425
 
Non-cash interest income and expense, net
   
(1,531
)
 
9,406
   
4,137
 
Other non-cash expense, net
   
(1,410
)
 
(10,617
)
 
(12,119
)
Deferred taxes
   
(941
)
 
3,147
   
2,423
 
Reserves for bad debts, net of reversals
   
2,682
   
4,052
   
6,961
 
Change in fair value of interest rate derivatives
   
(8,753
)
 
34,740
   
(203
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
                   
Mortgage loans held for sale
   
46,929
   
27,079
   
31,288
 
Deferred revenues
   
(30,295
)
 
8,046
   
24,167
 
Receivables
   
5,075
   
50,456
   
(82,731
)
Other assets
   
(6,747
)
 
(3,490
)
 
(8,335
)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
   
(22,592
)
 
31,313
   
4,206
 
 
Net cash flow from operating activities
   
(1,088
)
 
259,884
   
103,309
 
                     
Cash flows from investing activities:
                   
Sale and repayments of  available-for-sale securities
   
78,206
   
1,935,293
   
115,600
 
Purchases of available-for-sale securities
   
(50,830
)
 
(532,013
)
 
(420,049
)
Acquisition of mortgage loans held for investment
   
(246,685
)
 
(256,156
)
 
7,473
 
Sale and repayments of mortgage loans held for investment
   
250,705
   
299,892
   
48,939
 
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
   
--
   
--
   
(262,659
)
Advances to partnerships
   
(53,679
)
 
(223,155
)
 
(207,990
)
Collection of advances to partnerships
   
70,127
   
221,895
   
188,711
 
Deferred investment acquisition costs
   
(2,927
)
 
(2,040
)
 
(1,474
)
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash, escrows and other cash collateral
   
14,994
   
(135,144
)
 
19,244
 
Return of capital from equity investees
   
460
   
90
   
16,667
 
Acquisition of furniture, fixture and leasehold improvements
   
(6,744
)
 
--
   
--
 
Acquisition of asset management contract
   
(7,505
)
 
--
   
--
 
Acquisition of AMAC common and preferred shares
   
--
   
(12,285
)
 
--
 
Loan to AMAC
   
(2,192
)
 
(62,685
)
 
(15,000
)
Equity investments and other investing activities
   
(29,797
)
 
(15,338
)
 
(30,045
)
 
Net cash flow from investing activities
   
14,133
   
1,218,354
   
(540,583
)


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

(continued)


 
- 82 -

 
CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
(in thousands)
 
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
Cash flows from financing activities:
                   
Repayments of financing arrangements
   
(14,275
)
 
(2,000,273
)
 
(1,028,533
)
Proceeds from financing arrangements and secured financing
   
62,757
   
761,605
   
1,409,098
 
Distributions to shareholders
   
(41,863
)
 
(104,436
)
 
(104,168
)
Distributions to preferred shareholders of subsidiary
   
(6,225
)
 
(6,225
)
 
(6,225
)
Distributions to minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries
   
(28,884
)
 
(37,617
)
 
(35,589
)
Repayment of term loan
   
(81,116
)
 
(249,375
)
 
(625
)
Proceeds from term loan
   
10,000
   
140,000
   
250,000
 
(Decrease) increase in other notes payable
   
(75,142
)
 
24,098
   
(4,696
)
Minority interest contribution
   
1,900
   
3,100
   
5,250
 
Proceeds from 11.0% Preferred shares
   
131,235
   
--
   
--
 
Proceeds from 11.0% Preferred shares rights offering
   
4,365
   
--
   
--
 
Proceeds from stock options exercised
   
--
   
678
   
756
 
Retirement of minority interests and special preferred voting shares
   
--
   
(3,111
)
 
(724
)
Treasury stock purchases
   
(4,365
)
 
(36,294
)
 
(20,447
)
Deferred financing costs
   
(4,664
)
 
(12,090
)
 
(9,305
)
                     
Net cash flow from financing activities
   
(46,277
)
 
(1,519,940
)
 
454,792
 
                     
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
   
(33,232
)
 
(41,702
)
 
17,518
 
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
   
137,111
   
178,813
   
161,295
 
                     
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year
 
$
103,879
 
$
137,111
 
$
178,813
 
                     
Supplemental information:
                   
                     
Interest paid
 
$
251,134
 
$
268,400
 
$
94,713
 
Taxes paid
 
$
3,717
 
$
2,924
 
$
1,204
 
                     
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
                   
Recognized sale of re-securitized mortgage revenue bonds:
                   
Reductions in secured financing liability
 
$
(227,285
)
$
--
 
$
--
 
Reduction in mortgage revenue bonds
 
$
273,494
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
Increase in Series A Freddie Mac Certificates
 
$
(33,508
)
$
--
 
$
--
 
Increase in Series B Freddie Mac Certificates
 
$
(23,101
)
$
--
 
$
--
 
Increase in mortgage servicing rights
 
$
8,885
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
Exchange of mortgage revenue bonds for Freddie Mac certificates
 
$
--
 
$
442,140
 
$
--
 
Share grants issued
 
$
7,882
 
$
28,445
 
$
41,767
 
Conversion of minority interests to common shares
 
$
20,897
 
$
5,161
 
$
1,954
 
Treasury stock purchases via employee withholding
 
$
972
 
$
2,953
 
$
436
 
Cancellation of acquisition – related SMUs
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
$
(4,076
)
 
Acquisition activity:
                   
Conversion of existing assets
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
$
14,221
 
Issuance of subsidiary equity
   
--
   
--
   
4,859
 
Assets acquired
   
--
   
--
   
(341,248
)
Liabilities assumed
   
--
   
--
   
59,509
 
Net cash paid for acquisitions
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
$
(262,659
)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
- 83 -

 

CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
 
NOTE 1 – Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
 
A.  Description of Business
 
Centerline Holding Company, together with its subsidiaries, is an alternative asset manager with a core focus on real estate and more than $14.0 billion of assets under management as of December 31, 2008.  We conduct substantially all of our business through our subsidiaries, generally under the designation Centerline Capital Group.  For ease of readership the term “we” (as well as “us”, “our” or “the Company”) as used throughout this document may mean a subsidiary or the business as a whole, while the term “parent trust” refers only to Centerline Holding Company as a stand-alone entity.
 
We manage our operations through six reportable segments including two segments not involved in direct operations.  Our four operating segments include:
 
Affordable Housing, which brings together the users and providers of debt and equity capital to the affordable multifamily rental housing industry;
 
Commercial Real Estate, which provides a broad spectrum of financing and investment products for multifamily, office, retail, industrial mixed-use and other properties;
 
Portfolio Management, which comprises activities for monitoring, managing and servicing principally commercial real estate investments we own, investments for funds we manage and loans for third parties; and
 
Credit Risk Products, which provides credit intermediation, through our subsidiaries, to affordable housing debt and equity products.
 
Our Corporate group, comprised of Finance and Accounting, Legal, Corporate Communications, Operations and Risk Management departments, supports these four business groups.
 
Consolidated Partnerships comprises certain funds we control, notwithstanding the fact that we may only have a minority economic interest in such entities.  For segment purposes, Consolidated Partnerships includes the investment fund partnerships we originate and manage through the Affordable Housing and Commercial Real Estate groups and certain property partnerships, all of which we are required to consolidate in accordance with various accounting pronouncements.  The Consolidated Partnerships invest in low income housing tax credit (“LIHTC”) properties or similar structures (“tax credit”), high-yield commercial mortgage backed securities (“CMBS”), collateralized debt obligation (“CDO”) debt and equity and high-yield debt.
 
B.  Principles of Consolidation
 
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared on a basis consistent with generally accepted accounting principles of the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  The consolidated financial statements of Centerline Holding Company include the parent trust and its wholly owned and majority owned subsidiary statutory trusts, corporations and limited liability companies which we control; and the Consolidated Partnerships which are those entities in which we have a substantive controlling general partner or managing member interest or in which we have concluded we are the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”) in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 46 (as revised) Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities – an interpretation of ARB No. 51  (“FIN46(R)”).
 
With respect to entities we consolidate pursuant to FIN 46(R), the analysis as to whether the entity is a variable interest entity and whether we consolidate it is subject to significant judgment.  Some of the criteria we are required to consider include:
 
 
·
determination of degree of control over an entity by its various equity holders;
 
·
design of the entity;
 
·
relationships between equity holders;
 
·
determination of primary beneficiary; and
 
·
the ability to replace general partners, among others.
 
These analyses involve estimates, probability weighting of subjective factors included within cash flow models, and other estimates based on the judgment of management.
 
We eliminate from our financial results all intercompany transactions, including intercompany transactions between our operating segments and our Consolidated Partnerships.
 
 
- 84 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
Certain of the amounts from prior year have been reclassified to conform to the 2008 presentation, including $20.9 million of losses on impairment of assets held by our consolidated partnerships which was included in “other losses from consolidated partnerships” in the prior year.
 
Variable Interest Entities
 
As required by FIN 46(R), we consolidate numerous fund partnerships that we sponsor, manage and service. The funds invest the capital raised by the investor partners and finance their operations through equity raised, entering into debt agreements with third parties and from operating cash flows.  Our involvement with the funds includes:
 
·  
acting as general partner;
·  
managing and servicing their assets;
·  
warehousing investments and selling them to the fund;
·  
originating loans that are then sold to the fund; and
·  
in certain cases, investing in the funds.
 
The funds’ assets and liabilities are detailed and described in Notes 13 and 17.
 
Beyond any co-investment in a fund, we are not obligated to provide financial support to the entities.  Regardless, we may elect to provide financial support to protect our investments.  During the three years ended December 31, 2008, we provided financial support to the entities included in our designation of Consolidated Partnerships, including loans to a CMBS Fund Partnership (see Note 17B) and loans to Tax Credit Fund Partnerships (see Note 28D).
 
Qualifying Special Purpose Entities
 
Through our Commercial Real Estate group and the funds it manages, we invest in CMBS and are named special servicer of the trusts that issue the CMBS.  For most of those trusts, we are a non-transferor servicer, having acquired the CMBS positions through investment rather than retaining interests from securitizations of assets we owned.
 
The CMBS trusts invest in mortgage loans, financed by the CMBS they issue.  Total assets of those trusts where we are the non-transferor servicer aggregated $113.8 billion as of December 31, 2008.  The carrying value of our investment in those trusts and those held by the funds we manage were as follows:
 
(in thousands)
 
December 31,
2008
 
         
         
Held for our own account
 
$
2,550
 
Held by CMBS and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships
   
182,828
 
 
Total at fair value
 
$
185,378
 

 
As special servicer, we are not contractually obligated to provide any financial support to the CMBS trusts and we have provided no financial support to the trusts in the three year period ended December 31, 2008.  Our maximum exposure to loss with respect to the CMBS trusts is limited to the cost of our investment.  With respect to the investments held by the CMBS and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships, our exposure to such loss would be reduced by the percentage of the fund held by other investors (typically 95%).
 
C.  Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.  Significant estimates that require difficult and subjective judgments inherent in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the determination of fair value for mortgage revenue bonds, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) certificates, goodwill and intangible assets; accounting for income taxes, including the potential outcome of uncertain tax positions; and determination of consolidated entities.  Estimates are based on past experience and other considerations reasonable under the circumstances.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
 
- 85 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
NOTE 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
A.  Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash
 
Cash and cash equivalents include cash in banks and investments in short-term instruments with an original maturity date of three months or less.  Restricted cash includes collateral for borrowings within our securitization programs and in accordance with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac requirements.
 
B.  Investments- Available-for-Sale
 
We account for investments designated as available-for-sale in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities (“SFAS 115”), and report them at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax where applicable, recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income.  Our available-for-sale investments, including those of Consolidated Partnerships, include:
 
Freddie Mac Certificates – In connection with the re-securitization of most of our Affordable Housing mortgage revenue bond portfolio in December 2007 (see Note 7), we retained interests in the form of Freddie Mac Taxable Multifamily Variable Rate Certificates (“Freddie Mac Certificates”).
 
Series A-1 Freddie Mac Certificates:  The Series A-1 Freddie Mac Certificates are fixed rate, tax-exempt credit enhanced certificates that have terms consistent with preferred shares of our Centerline Equity Issuer Trust I (“Equity Issuer”) subsidiary (see Note 18).  We generally determine fair value based on observable market transactions of similar instruments.  Because these certificates typically have a limited or inactive market, in the absence of observable market transactions, we estimate fair value for each certificate utilizing the present value of the expected cash flows discounted at a rate for comparable tax-exempt investments and then comparing it against any similar market transactions.
 
Series B Freddie Mac Certificates:  We determine fair value of the Series B Freddie Mac Certificates, which represent the residual interests of the re-securitized portfolio, based upon a discounted cash flow model that follows the contractual provisions of the certificates.  The significant assumptions of the valuation include:
 
 
·
estimating the default and prepayment rates of the mortgage revenue bonds in the managed portfolio, which estimates are based on our historical experience and industry studies related to properties comparable to those underlying the bonds; and
 
·
applying an appropriate discount rate, which we consider in comparison to comparable residual interests secured by multifamily loans, along with consideration of the tax free nature of the associated income.
 
Mortgage Revenue Bonds – For our Affordable Housing group, we invest in mortgage revenue bonds that are principally tax-exempt.  Although we can and may elect to hold mortgage revenue bonds until maturity, we have the ability to securitize or otherwise sell such bonds and, in most cases, have the ability to require redemption prior to maturity.  We generally base the fair value of our mortgage revenue bonds on observable market transactions, which may indicate a fair value approximating the unpaid principal balance.  Because mortgage revenue bonds typically have a limited or inactive market, in the absence of observable market transactions, we estimate fair value for each bond by utilizing the present value of the expected cash flows discounted at a rate for comparable tax-exempt investments and then comparing against any similar market transactions.  Direct costs relating to unsuccessful acquisitions and all indirect costs relating to mortgage revenue bonds are charged to operations.
 
CMBS, Retained Interests and CDO Debt and Equity – For our Commercial Real Estate group, we purchase real estate debt securities (principally high-yield CMBS securities) some of which are retained interests from previous securitization activities.  In addition, our Consolidated Partnerships group may hold CMBS and retained interests as well as CDO securities.  We classify these investments as available-for-sale as we may sell them or dispose of them prior to maturity.  We generally estimate fair value of these investments based on market prices provided by certain dealers who make a market in these financial instruments, although such markets may not be active.
 
We perform additional analysis on prices received based on broker quotes.  This process includes analyzing the securities based on vintage year, rating and asset type and converting the price received to a spread.  The calculated spread is then compared to market information available for securities of similar type, vintage year and rating (i.e. CMBX).  This process is used by the Company to validate the prices received from brokers.
 
 
- 86 -



CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
The market for these instruments may lack liquidity and have limited market volume.  Accordingly, the fair values may reflect estimates and may not necessarily be indicative of the amounts we or a fund could realize in a current market exchange.
 
The yield to maturity on CMBS and retained interests depends on, among other things, the rate and timing of principal payments, the pass-through rate and interest rate fluctuations.  Our CMBS interests and retained interests are subordinated instruments.  Cash flow from the mortgages underlying the CMBS interests and retained interests is allocated first to the senior interests and then among the other CMBS interests and retained interests in order of relative seniority.  To the extent that there are defaults and unrecoverable losses on the underlying mortgages that result in reduced cash flows, the most subordinate interest bear the loss first, with excess losses borne by the remaining interests in order of relative subordination.
 
Marketable Securities – From time to time, we may purchase other marketable securities, the fair value of which is based upon quoted market prices.
 
Available-for-sale securities are assessed for impairment quarterly.  Those that represent beneficial interests in securitizations are assessed under EITF 99-20, Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Purchased Beneficial Interests and Beneficial Interests That Continue to Be Held by a Transferor in Securitized Financial Assets (“EITF 99-20”) as amended. To determine if an impairment is other-than-temporary we generally consider the duration of the loss position, the strength of the underlying collateral, the term, management’s intent and other similar information.  If we determine an available-for-sale security is other-than-temporarily impaired, we write it down to its estimated fair value and record a realized loss in the consolidated statements of operations.  The fair value at that time is then considered the cost basis of the investment and subsequent increases in fair value over this new cost basis are included in other comprehensive income; subsequent decreases in fair value, if not other-than-temporary impairment, are also included in other comprehensive income.
 
For more information regarding available-for-sale investments see Note 8.
 
C.  Investments – Held-to-Maturity

In October 2008, pursuant to the provisions of SFAS 115, we elected to change the accounting classification of certain retained CMBS certificate investments held in one of our CMBS Fund Partnerships from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity based upon our intent and ability to hold these investments to maturity. In accordance with this election, retained CMBS certificates with an amortized cost of $418.7 million and a fair value of $283.0 million were reclassified and the unrealized loss on the investments as of the reclassification date ($135.7 million) was segregated within accumulated other comprehensive income at the fund level.  We accrete the difference between amortized cost and the face value of these investments, and the unrealized loss as of the reclassification date, to interest income using the effective yield method.
 
D.  Investments – Equity Method
 
For investments in entities we do not control, but for which we have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, we use the equity method.  Equity method investments consist of:
 
Partnership Interests – Partnership interests related to the real estate equity investment funds we sponsor.  Typically, we hold these investments for a short period until we establish a new fund; and
 
Centerline Urban Capital LLC – Centerline Urban Capital LLC (“CUC”) is a joint venture equity fund with the California Public Employees Retirement System (“CalPERS”).
 
We also manage American Mortgage Acceptance Corporation (“AMAC”), a publicly traded real estate investment trust (“REIT”); however, its board has begun a process of determining a plan of liquidation.
 
Under the equity method, we record our proportionate share of income or loss as a component of equity and other income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.  Amounts recognized include equity allocations for management services and incentive income that we earn from co-investments in certain Consolidated Partnerships, although such amounts are eliminated in consolidation.
 
For more information regarding equity investments with respect to partnership interests see Notes 9 and 13; for AMAC and CUC, see Note 28.
 
 
- 87 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
E.  Investments – Other Accounting Methodologies
 
Other investments consist of the following:
 
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale – Mortgage loans held for sale represent amounts due for mortgage loans sold under purchase agreements to permanent investors, but for which we are awaiting settlement of funds.  We do not retain any interest in these loans except for mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) and certain contingent liabilities pursuant to loss sharing agreements.  We account for mortgage loans held for sale at the lower of cost or fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 65, Accounting for Certain Mortgage Banking Activities, (“SFAS 65”).  We carry these loans at the lower of cost or market. As we originate loans for sale only when we have a firm sale commitment for the principal amount of the loan, the carrying value generally represents their respective principal balances.  The cost of the loans includes deferred loan commitment fee revenue net of direct costs associated with closing the related loan and we recognize these amounts in operations when the loans are sold in accordance with SFAS No. 91, Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loan and Indirect Costs of Leases (“SFAS 91”).
 
Stabilization Escrow – As part of the re-securitization of most of our Affordable Housing mortgage revenue bond portfolio in December 2007, certain cash consideration was placed into escrow in connection with mortgage revenue bonds for which the underlying property was not considered stabilized.   As these properties stabilize, subject to certain conditions, we are able to recoup amounts from escrow.  We record deposits to the stabilization escrow at the net present value of the amount deposited, taking into account the timing of releases from escrow, expected income to be earned on the cash balance and an appropriate discount rate reflecting the risk of property stabilization. We record income from the stabilization escrow (including accretion of the discount recorded upon deposit) in accordance with EITF 99-20.
 
Mortgage Loans Held for Investment – In accordance with SFAS 65, mortgage loans held for investment are carried at expected net realizable value.  When we believe we will not collect all amounts due under the terms of the loan, we record a specific valuation allowance.
 
For investments in mortgage loans, we follow the provisions of SFAS No. 114, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan (“SFAS 114”).  Under SFAS 114, a loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  SFAS 114 requires lenders to measure impaired loans based on:
 
 
·
the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate;
 
·
the loan’s observable market price; or
 
·
the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent.
 
We periodically evaluate our portfolio of mortgage loans for possible impairment.  When a loan is deemed impaired, we record a valuation allowance to write the loan down to its fair value.  We measure the fair market value of a loan using the observable market price for sales of similar assets or the market value of the loan’s collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent.  Market prices are determined by using a combination of updated appraised values and broker quotes or services supplying market and sales data in various geographical locations where the collateral is located.  Allowances are included in “impairment of investments and other assets” on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
 
For more information regarding other investments see Note 10.
 
F.  Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net
 
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets - Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, including the amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets.  We do not amortize the goodwill balance.  The primary drivers that generate goodwill are the value of synergies, generally revenue synergies, between the acquired entities and the acquired assembled workforce.
 
We amortize other intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.
 
SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, requires that goodwill be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment) on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value.  These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit.
 
 
- 88 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
The first step in the impairment test determines the fair value of a reporting unit, principally utilizing income and market-based approaches against the reporting unit’s carrying value.  If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill.  The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination.
 
In addition, should we determine that goodwill is impaired, we would also review intangible assets for the same business to determine if they were also impaired.  As with goodwill, any indicators of impairment of a specific intangible asset would also lead to a review.  As the methods for determining fair values of intangible assets are similar to those for determining the fair value of goodwill, the same judgments and uncertainties apply to these determinations as well.
 
For segment reporting purposes, we classify all goodwill as an asset of the Corporate group.  In accordance with push-down accounting rules and for purposes of stand-alone financials, we also test goodwill separately at the subsidiary level.
 
Mortgage Servicing Rights – In accordance with SFAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishment of Liabilities (“SFAS 140”), as amended by SFAS No. 156, Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets—an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140 (“SFAS 156”), we recognize as assets the rights to service mortgage loans for others, whether the MSRs are acquired through a separate purchase or through loans originated and sold.  We record purchased MSRs at cost, which approximates fair value.  For originated loans, we allocate total proceeds from the sale of the loan (including the fair value of the MSR retained) and recognize a gain.  We obtain valuations of originated MSRs from a third-party valuation specialist.  The inputs include contractual servicing fees, our projected cost to service as well as estimates of default rates, prepayment speeds and an appropriate discount rate.  While there is an active market for similar assets and certain of the inputs such as fee rates and discount rates are observable, most of the other inputs are based on historical company data.  In subsequent periods, we carry the assets at the amortized initial basis.  In accordance with SFAS 140, all MSRs are amortized in proportion to, and over the period of, estimated net servicing income.  Significant judgment is required in accounting for these assets, including:
 
 
·
determining the fair value of the asset retained when the associated mortgage is sold and in subsequent reporting periods, including such factors as costs to service the loans, the estimated rate of prepayments, the estimated rate of default and an appropriate discount rate to calculate the present value of cash flows; and
 
·
estimating the appropriate proportion and period for amortizing the asset.
 
We assess our mortgage servicing rights for impairment based on the fair value of the assets as compared to carrying values.  We estimate the fair value by obtaining market information from one of the primary mortgage servicing rights brokers.  To determine impairment, the mortgage servicing portfolio is stratified by the risk characteristics of the underlying mortgage loans and we compare the estimated fair value of each stratum to its carrying value.  With respect to our primary servicing portfolio, we have determined that the predominant risk characteristics are the interest rate and type of loan.  For our other servicing portfolios we have determined that the predominant risk characteristic is the ability to generate a consistent income stream per loan due to the short-term nature of the loans being serviced or due to the fact that certain servicing revenues are non-recurring.
 
When the carrying value of servicing assets exceeds fair value, we recognize impairment through a valuation allowance; fair value in excess of the amount capitalized is not recognized.
 
In accordance with FIN No. 45, Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others (“FIN 45”), we account for exposure to loss under our servicing contracts with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as guarantees through a provision for loan losses.  The exposure to loss results from guarantees made to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac under the Designated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS”) and Delegated Underwriting Initiative (“DUI”) programs to share the risk of loan losses (See Note 30 for more details). The provision recorded is considered the fair value of the guarantees.  As a portion of the servicing fees we receive represents compensation for our guarantee, we record the reserve as a contra-asset applied to the MSR balance.  Our determination of the adequacy of the reserve for losses on loans serviced is based on an evaluation of the risk characteristics and exposure to loss associated with those loans, in accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies (“SFAS 5”).  Our assessment is based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, general economic conditions, inability of the borrower to meet debt service requirements, or a substantial decline in the value of the collateral.  For performing loans, we maintain a general reserve, which is based on the stratification of the loan servicing portfolio by DSCR.  The probability of default and loss is higher for loans with lower DSCRs and therefore a higher reserve is maintained for such loans.  For defaulted loans, we maintain a loan specific reserve based on an estimate of our share of the loss.
 
For more information regarding intangible assets, see Note 11.
 
 
- 89 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
G.  Deferred Costs and Other Assets, net
 
Deferred Costs – We capitalize costs incurred in connection with issuance of debt and equity issued by our subsidiaries and amortize them on a straight-line basis over the terms of the facilities, or in the case of Equity Issuer over the period to the expected repurchase date of the shares (which approximates the effective interest method).
 
Land, Property and Buildings  Our Consolidated Partnerships group includes property partnerships with multifamily apartment properties.  The property partnerships depreciate the costs over seven to 40 year periods.
 
Furniture, Fixtures and Leasehold Improvements, net – Furniture, fixtures and leasehold improvements are stated at cost.  Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.  Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of their useful lives or the life of the lease.  Costs associated with repairs and maintenance of property is expensed as incurred.
 
H.  Impairment of Long-lived Assets
 
In accordance with SFAS No 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, we review property and equipment, finite-lived intangible assets, and other long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such assets may not be recoverable. If such events or changes in circumstances occur, we will recognize an impairment loss if the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset are less than the carrying value of the related asset. The impairment loss would adjust the asset to its fair value.
 
I.  Shares of Subsidiaries
 
The effects of any changes in our ownership interests resulting from the issuance of equity capital by consolidated subsidiaries or equity investees to unaffiliated parties are accounted for as capital transactions pursuant to the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 51, Accounting for the Sales of Stock of a Subsidiary (“SAB 51”).
 
Equity Issuer has issued multiple series of Cumulative Preferred Shares, some of which are subject to mandatory repurchase, and others which are not subject to mandatory repurchase. In accordance with SFAS No. 150, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity (“SFAS 150”) we classify the Cumulative Preferred Shares subject to mandatory purchase as liabilities in our balance sheet and include the dividends paid for those share as interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. For those shares not subject to mandatory repurchase, we classify them as mezzanine equity and the associated dividends are classified outside of interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 
For more information see Note 18.
 
J.  Securitization Activities
 
We, and our Consolidated Partnerships, have engaged in securitization activities related to financial assets including mortgage revenue bonds and CMBS.  In the future we may continue to engage in similar securitization transactions as well as securitizations of other assets.  We may retain interests in the securitized financial assets that take several different forms including, but not limited to, one or more tranches of the securitization, undivided seller’s interest and rights to excess cash flows after payments to investors with contractual rate of returns and administrative costs.  The exposure to credit losses from securitized assets is limited to our retained interest, including any credit intermediation we may provide through our Credit Risk Products group.  Securitized transactions are accounted for in accordance with SFAS 140.  Retained interests, which currently include certain CMBS and collateralized debt obligation (“CDO”) investments held within our Commercial Real Estate and Consolidated Partnership groups and Freddie Mac Certificates held by our Affordable Housing group, are accounted for in accordance with the nature and terms of the retained interests (see also B. Investments – Available-for-Sale – CMBS, Retained Interests and CDO Debt and Equity above).
 
For more information see Notes 7, 8 and 13.
 
K.  Resale and Repurchase Agreements
 
We account for transactions involving purchases of securities under agreements to resell (reverse repurchase agreements or reverse repos) or sales of securities under agreements to repurchase (repurchase agreements or repos) as collateralized financing arrangements / agreements.
 
 
- 90 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
L.  Credit Intermediation Transactions
 
For guarantees and other credit intermediation transactions issued since January 1, 2003, we record liabilities (included in deferred revenues) equal to the fair values of the obligations undertaken.  For transactions for which we receive fees, we consider the fees received to be fair value, in accordance with FIN 45.  For completion and other guarantees issued to lenders for the underlying financing of properties, as required by an investment fund, we generally recognize no liability upon inception of the guarantee as the exposure is considered minimal and no fee is received.  We monitor our exposure under these agreements and, should we determine a loss is probable, accrue a liability in accordance with SFAS 5.
 
M.  Financial Risk Management and Derivatives
 
Our primary objective for holding derivative instruments is to manage interest rate and certain equity market risks (in anticipation of fund activity).  We account for derivative financial instruments pursuant to SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (“SFAS 133”), as amended and interpreted.
 
Our derivative instruments may comprise cash flow hedges of debt and free-standing derivatives.  While we carry derivative instruments in both categories at their estimated fair values on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, the change in those fair values are recorded differently.  We have established a policy for risk management and our objectives and strategies for the use of derivative instruments to potentially mitigate such risks. To the extent that the cash flow hedges are effectively hedging the associated debt, we record changes in their fair values as a component of other comprehensive income within shareholders’ equity.  If deemed ineffective, and the ineffectiveness exceeds the limits allowed by SFAS 133, we would record the entire fair value (and subsequent changes) in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.  With respect to the free-standing derivatives, we include all changes in fair value within interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.  For cash flow hedges terminated or for which the hedge designation is removed, or for which it is probable that a forecasted transaction will not occur, we reclassify the related amounts in accumulated comprehensive loss into the statement of operations over time in the same period or periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.  For cash flow hedges, we record the impact of terminations and misforecasted transactions as a component of “equity and other (loss) income on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
 
The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts).  The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curve) derived from observable market interest rate curves.  In adjusting the fair value of our derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, we have considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as thresholds and guarantees.
 
N.  Treasury Stock
 
We account for treasury stock purchases using the cost method.
 
O.  Revenues
 
Interest Income
 
Significant components of interest income include:
 
Mortgage revenue bond interest income – We recognize mortgage revenue bond interest income using the effective yield method based on the actual coupon rate and the outstanding principal amount of the underlying mortgages, taking into account differences in interest rate during the construction period as compared to balance of the term, premiums and discounts, any fees received in connection with bond originations and the effects of estimated prepayments in accordance with SFAS 91.
 
We place bonds on a non-accrual status when any portion of the principal or interest is 90 days past due or earlier when concern exists as to the ultimate collectability of principal or interest.  Bonds return to accrual status when principal and interest become current.  There were four bonds on non-accrual status at December 31, 2008, and seven at December 31 2007, with a fair value of $4.9 million and $45.8 million, respectively.  Amounts collected while on non-accrual status are applied as a reduction of the related principal balance.
 
Other interest income – We recognize income on temporary investments (such as cash in banks and short-term instruments) as well as longer term investments (e.g., promissory notes, mortgages receivable) and escrow accounts we manage, on the accrual basis as earned.  We recognize income on retained interest certificates (including the Freddie Mac certificates) as it accrues, provided collectability of future amounts is reasonably assured.  We adjust the amortized cost of securities for accretion of discounts to maturity, other yield adjustments and also for the unrealized loss on investments reclassified from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity (see C. Investments – Held-to-Maturity section above).  We compute accretion using the effective-interest method over the expected life of the securities based on our estimates regarding the timing and amount of cash flows from the underlying collateral.
 
 
- 91 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
Fee Income
Fees related to our Affordable Housing Tax Credit Fund sponsorship activities, associated with sponsoring tax-credit equity investment funds and for assisting the funds in acquiring assets include:
 
 
(i.)
Organization, offering and acquisition allowance fees are for reimbursement of costs we incur for organizing tax credit investment funds and for providing assistance in acquiring the properties to be included in the funds.  We recognize the organization, offering and acquisition allowance fee when the investment funds acquire properties.  The related expenses are included in general and administrative expenses.
 
(ii.)
Property acquisition fees are for services we perform for the tax credit investment funds to acquire interests in property partnerships.  We recognize these fees when the investor equity is invested and as the properties’ limited partnership interests are acquired by the investment fund.
 
(iii.)
Partnership management fees are for maintaining the books and records of tax credit investment funds, including requisite investor reporting.  We recognize these fees over the five year contractual service period following the initial closing of the fund.
 
(iv.)
Construction service fees from borrowers for servicing mortgage revenue bonds during the construction period are deferred and amortized into other income over the estimated construction period.
 
(v.)
Administration fees charged to the property partnerships or to other entities we manage are recorded as the payments are received due to the uncertainty of collectability.
 
(vi.)
Asset management fees from tax credit investment funds, based on a percentage of each investment fund’s invested assets are earned for monitoring the acquired property interests and to ensure that their development, leasing and operations comply with Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (“LIHTC”) or other tax credit requirements.
 
(vii.)
Bond acquisition fees are paid by borrowers when we acquire mortgage revenue bonds.  These fees are recognized as yield adjustments in mortgage revenue bond interest income if we retain the bond or recognized immediately if we were to sell the bond
 
Mortgage origination fees, earned by our Commercial Real Estate and Affordable Housing groups, are recognized when we settle the sale of a loan to the purchaser.
 
Servicing fees related to mortgages are recognized on an accrual basis as the services are performed over the servicing period by our Commercial Real Estate and Affordable Housing groups.  Our Portfolio Management group also recognizes servicing fee income, including primary and special servicing.  These fees are generally based on a percentage of the balance of loans serviced, and we record them as earned on an accrual basis provided that collection is reasonably assured.
 
Asset management fees are earned from high-yield debt investment entities (e.g., CRESS) by our Commercial Real Estate group.  These fees are generally based on the assets or equity of the managed entity and we recognize them as earned on an accrual basis provided that collection is reasonably assured.
 
Our Affordable Housing and Credit Risk Products groups recognize fees related to credit intermediation activities.  Fees for credit intermediation transactions to provide specified rates of return for a tax credit fund, received in advance, are deferred and amortized over the applicable risk-weighted periods on a straight-line basis.  For those pertaining to the construction and lease-up phase of a pool of properties, the periods are generally one to three years.  For those pertaining to the operational phase of a pool of properties, the period is approximately 20 years.  Fees for other credit intermediation transactions are received monthly and recognized as income when earned.
 
Other Revenues
Other revenues principally consist of prepayment penalties recognized at the time of prepayment of an investment and expense reimbursements for amounts billed to investment funds and other affiliated entities for reimbursement of salaries and certain other ongoing operating expenditures, which we recognize as earned.
 
Rental Income
Rental income for property partnerships is accrued as earned based on underlying lease agreements.
 
 
- 92 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
P.  Share-Based Compensation
 
We record restricted share grants in beneficial owners’ equity within shareholders’ equity.  The balance recorded equals the number of shares issued (and that we expect to vest) multiplied by the closing price of our common shares on the grant date.  We recognize the value of the awards as expense in our consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the applicable service periods.  For each separately vesting portion of an award, we record the expense as if the award was, in substance, multiple awards.  We expense any shares granted with immediate vesting when granted.
 
Because share-based compensation is based on awards that we ultimately expect to vest, share-based compensation expense has been reduced to account for estimated forfeitures.  SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment (“SFAS 123(R)”) requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.  In periods prior to 2006, we accounted for forfeitures as they occurred.
 
For share option grants, under SFAS 123(R), we are required to select a valuation technique or option pricing model that meets the criteria as stated in the standard.  At present, we use the Black-Scholes model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions.  These assumptions include estimating the length of time employees will retain their vested stock options before exercising them (“expected term”), the estimated volatility of the Company’s common stock price over the expected term (“volatility”), the risk free interest rate and the dividend yield.
 
For more information see Note 23.
 
Q.  Income Taxes
 
We provide for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (“SFAS 109”), which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities.  We assess the recoverability of deferred tax assets through evaluation of carryback availability, projected taxable income and other factors as applicable.  If we determine that deferred tax assets may not be recoverable, we record a valuation allowance as appropriate.  Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or tax returns as well as the recoverability of amounts we record, including deferred tax assets.  Furthermore, these projected future tax consequences include our assumption as to the continuing tax-free nature of a portion of our earnings.
 
We provide for exposure in connection with uncertain tax positions in accordance with FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (“FIN 48”).  Determining our exposure in connection with uncertain tax positions in accordance with FIN 48 requires judgment by management including determination of whether it is more likely than not that a position would withstand audit and the measurement of the tax position and related interest and penalties if challenged.
 
For more information see Note 25.
 
R.  Earnings per Share
 
Prior to the execution of the option agreements described in Note 19, we treated our common and Convertible Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) Shares as a single class in applying SFAS No. 128, Earnings per Share (“SFAS 128”).  Weighted average shares outstanding included common shares and Convertible CRA Shares (excluding redeemable shares), as they had the same economic benefits as the common shares.  Income for the calculation represented net income or loss less dividends for our preferred shares.
 
Subsequent to the execution of those option agreements, our calculation of EPS incorporates provisions of Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) 03-6, Participating Securities and the Two-Class Method under FASB Statement No. 128 (“EITF 03-6”), which establishes standards regarding the computation of EPS when securities other than common stock contractually entitle the holder to participate in dividends and earnings of the Company (“Participating Securities”).  EITF 03-6 requires earnings available, after deduction of preferred dividends and dividends to the holders of Participating Securities, to be allocated between the common and Participating Security shareholders.  In addition, the difference between the carrying amounts of redeemable securities and the exercise price of put options for those shares is deducted from net income to calculate the amount allocable to shareholders.
 
Basic EPS is then calculated by dividing net income allocable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding.  Net losses are not allocated to Participating Security shareholders.  EITF 03-6 does not require the presentation of basic and diluted EPS for securities other than common stock; therefore, the EPS amounts only pertain to our common shares and non-redeemable Convertible CRA shares.
 
 
- 93 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
Diluted EPS is calculated using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period plus the dilutive effect of potential future issuances of common stock relating to stock option programs and other potentially dilutive securities using the treasury stock method.  The Convertible Redeemable CRA Preferred Shares, the 11.0% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Shares (“11.0% Preferred Shares”) and our subsidiaries’ convertible equity units are not included in the calculation as their assumed conversions would be anti-dilutive for the periods presented.
 
S.  Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
We comply with the provisions of SFAS No. 130, Reporting Comprehensive Income (“SFAS No. 130”) in reporting comprehensive income (loss) and its components. Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income, gains or losses on certain derivative financial instruments, unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments and our proportionate share of accumulated other comprehensive income of equity method investees.  For more information see Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity and Note 20.
 
T.  Accounting Changes
 
As of January 1, 2008, we adopted SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (“SFAS 157”).  SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value with respect to GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.  The provisions of SFAS 157 relating to nonfinancial assets and liabilities are effective for us on January 1, 2009. The application of SFAS 157 to our nonfinancial assets and liabilities is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. For further information, see Note 6.
 
In October, 2008 the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) FAS 157–3, Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active (FSP FAS 157–3).  FSP FAS 157–3 clarifies the application of SFAS 157 in a market that is not active. The FSP was effective upon issuance, including prior periods for which financial statements have not been issued.  The adoption of FSP FAS 157–3 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
In September 2008, the FASB issued FSP EITF 03-6-1, Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions are Participating Securities.  Under FSP EITF 03-6-1, all outstanding unvested share-based payment awards that contain rights to nonforfeitable dividends are considered to participate in undistributed earnings with common shareholders.  Because the awards are considered participating securities, they would be included as a separate class in our calculation of EPS (see Note 26).  FSP EITF 03-6-1 is effective for us on January 1, 2009 and all prior-period earnings per share data presented will be adjusted retrospectively.  The Company currently expects the adoption of FSP EITF 03-6-1 to reduce basic earnings per share by $0.01, $0.07 and $0.04 for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and to reduce diluted earnings per share by $0.01, $0.07 and $0.03 for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – an amendment of ARB No. 51 (“SFAS 160”).  SFAS 160 requires that a noncontrolling interest (currently displayed as minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries, preferred shares of  subsidiary (not subject to mandatory repurchase) and limited partners’ interests in consolidated partnerships) be reported as equity and the amount of consolidated net income specifically attributable to the noncontrolling interest be identified in the consolidated financial statements.  It also calls for consistency in the manner of reporting changes in the parent’s ownership interest and requires fair value measurement of any noncontrolling equity investment retained in a deconsolidation.  SFAS 160 is effective for us on January 1, 2009 and most of its provisions will apply prospectively.  The presentation and disclosure requirements, however, are to be applied retrospectively.  The adoption of SFAS 160 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2008), Business Combinations (“SFAS 141(R)”).  SFAS 141(R) broadens the guidance of SFAS 141, extending its applicability to all transactions and other events in which one entity obtains control over one or more other businesses.  It broadens the fair value measurement and recognition of assets acquired, liabilities assumed and interests transferred as a result of business combinations.  SFAS 141(R) expands on required disclosures to improve the statement users’ abilities to evaluate the nature and financial effects of business combinations.  SFAS 141(R) is effective for us on January 1, 2009.  We do not expect the adoption of SFAS 141(R) to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
- 94 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 140-3, Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions (“FSP FAS 140-3”).  The objective of FSP FAS 140-3 is to provide implementation guidance on accounting for a transfer of a financial asset and repurchase financing.  Under the guidance in FSP FAS 140-3, there is a presumption that an initial transfer of a financial asset and a repurchase financing are considered part of the same arrangement (i.e., a linked transaction) for purposes of evaluation under SFAS 140.  If certain criteria are met, however, the initial transfer and repurchase financing shall not be evaluated as a linked transaction and shall be evaluated separately under SFAS 140.  FSP FAS 140-3 is effective for us on January 1, 2009.  We do not expect the adoption of FSP FAS 140-3 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
NOTE 4 – Market Conditions and Liquidity
 
Turbulence in the credit markets that began in 2007 has led to decreased availability of many forms of financing.  Specifically, since mid-2007 we have experienced a sharp decline in our common share price and more constrained credit in the following areas:
 
 
·
for asset-backed financing (such as we use to fund mortgage originations in our Commercial Real Estate and Affordable Housing groups), our financing facilities have remained constant with no increase in capacity despite the increase in our origination business.  In addition, we anticipate increased cost of funds and lower capacity upon renewal of the line in the second quarter of 2009;
 
·
our share price and the general environment for equity offerings have made obtaining equity capital extremely difficult.  Additionally, the 11.0% Preferred Shares that we issued in January 2008 have dividend requirements at a significantly higher rate than we historically paid;
 
·
for our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility, the terms include a higher rate of interest and more stringent covenants (including restrictions on funding new business opportunities without lender approval) than had been the norm in prior periods. In addition, with the exception of dividends related to our Equity Issuer subsidiary and distributions from our REIT subsidiary, our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility, prohibit us from paying common and preferred dividends; and
 
·
constriction in credit markets has made it difficult to expand our Commercial Real Estate fund management business especially at leverage levels achieved in prior years.  The market also has fewer investors.
 
Due to general market conditions and its impact on our business, we were unable to make the required principal payments under the existing Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility during the fourth quarter of 2008, and as a result, we amended the agreement in December 2008. Under the terms of the amended agreement, we are required to utilize any excess cash and cash equivalents available (and generate specified levels of cash from certain non-core assets) to pay down our commitments each quarter end, which creates capacity on the revolver that may be drawn upon for working capital purposes (see Note 14).
 
Our ability to execute our business operations is dependent upon refinancing our debt and improving liquidity. Management continues to actively pursue strategies to maintain and improve our liquidity, particularly during periods of market disruption.  During 2008, we sold $57.1 million of mortgage revenue bond investments that did not meet our long-term investment criteria and securitized others that were not included in the December 2007 re-securitization transaction.  Additional steps and strategies we are pursuing include:
 
 
·
utilizing financing alternatives for investments that are not pledged as security for asset-based borrowings (which is subject to lender approval);
 
·
instituting measures to reduce general and administrative expenses, including salaries and other costs; and
 
·
continuing to sell investments that do not meet our long term investment criteria.
 
Our access to capital markets can be affected by factors outside our control, as discussed above.  In addition, with respect to both short and long-term business needs, access to capital markets is impacted by market conditions, and the short- and long-term debt ratings assigned by independent rating agencies.  Moody’s lowered the Corporate family rating to B2 from Ba3, and we remain on review for further possible downgrade.
 
In addition, the Company is in negotiations with a landlord for leased space which it no longer intends to occupy and is currently unable to predict the amount required to settle (see Note 30G).  If the Company is unable to settle these obligations, it may have an adverse effect on the Company and its business.
 
 
- 95 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
NOTE 5 – Assets Pledged as Collateral
 
In connection with our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility (Note 14), the stock of all of our subsidiaries is pledged as collateral as are all of our other assets subject to the liens detailed below.  The following table details assets we have specifically pledged as collateral for various debt facilities or contingent liabilities:
 
Collateral
 
Balance Sheet Classification
 
Carrying
Amount of
Collateral at
December 31,
2008
(in thousands)
 
Associated Debt Facility/Liability
               
Cash
 
Restricted cash
 
$
10,352
 
Mortgage loan loss sharing agreements (Note 30)
               
Series A-1 Freddie Mac certificates
 
Investments – available-for-sale – Freddie Mac certificates (Note 8)
 
$
335,047
 
Preferred shares of subsidiary (Note 18)
               
Mortgage revenue bonds
 
Investments – available-for-sale – Mortgage revenue bonds (Note 8)
 
$
49,642
 
Financing arrangements and secured financing (Note 15)
               
CMBS and retained CMBS certificates
 
Investments – available-for-sale – CMBS and retained CMBS certificates (Note 8)
 
$
9,863
 
Commercial real estate lines (Note 14)
               
Stabilization escrow
 
Other investments – stabilization escrow (Note 10)
 
$
72,397
 
December 2007 re-securitization
               
Mortgage loans
 
Other investments – mortgage loans held for sale (Note 10)
 
$
46,912
 
Mortgage Banking warehouse line/Multifamily ASAP plus facility (Note 14)
               
Mortgage servicing rights
 
Goodwill and intangible assets – mortgage servicing rights (Note 11)
 
$
730
 
Debt facilities of third party for which Centerline provides loan servicing
               
Cash deposits
 
Deferred costs and other assets (Note 12)
 
$
67,200
 
Yield guarantees (Note 30)
               
Cash deposits
 
Deferred costs and other assets (Note 12)
 
$
8,667
 
Financing arrangements and secured financing (Note 15)
               
CMBS and retained CMBS certificates held by Consolidated Partnerships
 
Consolidated partnerships – investments – available-for-sale (Note 13)
 
$
381,236
 
Consolidated partnerships – financing arrangements (Note 17)(1)
               
CMBS held by Consolidated Partnerships
 
Consolidated partnerships – investments – available-for-sale (Note 13)
 
$
73,926
 
Consolidated partnerships – repurchase agreements (Note 17)(2)
               
Land, building and improvements held by Consolidated Partnerships
 
Consolidated partnerships – land, buildings and improvements, net (Note 13)
 
$
697,422
 
Consolidated partnerships – notes payable
(Note 17)(2)

(1)
Included in a collateralized debt obligation and assets are restricted solely to satisfy those obligations.  Debt is non-recourse to the Consolidated Partnership and the Company.
(2)
Assets are restricted solely to satisfy the debt obligations. Debt is non-recourse to the Company.
 
 
NOTE 6 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
A.  General
 
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS 157, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value (emphasizing fair value as a market-based measurement) and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.  To comply with the provisions of SFAS 157, we incorporate credit value adjustments, where appropriate, to reflect both our own non-performance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements.  For the year ended December 31, 2008, credit value adjustments resulted in a $10.2 million reduction in the fair value of our free-standing interest rate swaps (see Note 27), which we recorded as a reduction of interest expense.
 
During 2008, the markets for retained CMBS certificates and CMBS as well as CDO debt and equity held by our consolidated partnerships, have experienced periods of inactivity most evidenced by a significant widening in bid-ask spread in the markets.  While FSP 157-3 allows us to utilize our own pricing models to value these assets, we continued to utilize broker quotes, as discussed below, in determining fair value for these investments as we continue to evaluate pricing models that may be more appropriate during periods of market inactivity.
 
 
- 96 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
 
We have categorized our assets and liabilities recorded at fair value based upon the fair value hierarchy specified by SFAS 157. The levels of fair value hierarchy are as follows:
 
 
·
Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access.
 
·
Level 2 inputs utilize other-than-quoted prices that are observable, either directly or indirectly.  Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.
 
·
Level 3 inputs are unobservable and are typically based on our own assumptions, including situations where there is little, if any, market activity.
 
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy.  In such cases, we categorize such financial asset or liability based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.  Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability that a market participant would use.
 
Both observable and unobservable inputs may be used to determine the fair value of positions that are classified within the Level 3 category.  As a result, the unrealized gains and losses for assets within the Level 3 category presented in the tables below may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in historical company data) inputs.
 
 
- 97 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
B.  Financial Assets and Liabilities of Operating Groups
 
The following tables present the information about our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2008, and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques we utilize to determine fair value:
 
(in thousands)
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Balance
as of
December 31,
2008
 
                           
Measured on a recurring basis:
                         
 
Assets
                         
Available-for-sale investments:
                         
Freddie Mac Certificates:
                         
Series A-1
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
$
335,047
 
$
335,047
 
Series B
   
--
   
--
   
123,122
   
123,122
 
Mortgage revenue bonds
   
--
   
--
   
69,217
   
69,217
 
Retained CMBS Certificates
   
--
   
--
   
7,313
   
7,313
 
CMBS
   
--
   
--
   
2,550
   
2,550
 
Syndicated corporate debt
   
1,964
   
--
   
--
   
1,964
 
Total available-for-sale investments
 
$
1,964
 
$
--
 
$
537,249
 
$
539,213
 
                           
Derivatives
 
$
--
 
$
1,307
 
$
--
 
$
1,307
 
 
Liabilities
                         
Derivatives
 
$
--
 
$
40,525
 
$
--
 
$
40,525
 
                           
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
                         
 
Assets
                         
Mortgage loans held-for-sale
 
$
--
 
$
46,912
 
$
--
 
$
46,912
 
Mortgage loans held for investment - impaired
   
--
   
1,794
   
--
   
1,794
 
Mortgage servicing rights
   
--
   
--
   
52,483
   
52,483
 

 
 
- 98 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
The following table presents additional information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which we utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:
 
   
Years Ended December 31, 2008
 
in thousands)
 
 
Series A-1
Freddie Mac
Certificates
 
Series B
Freddie Mac
Certificates
 
Mortgage
revenue
bonds
 
Retained
CMBS
certificates
 
CMBS
 
Total
 
                                       
Balance at January 1, 2008
 
$
--
 
$
153,468
 
$
376,432
 
$
75,328
 
$
13,361
 
$
618,589
 
Total realized and unrealized gains or (losses):
                                     
Included in earnings
   
--
   
(7,968
)
 
(10,928
)
 
(10,736
)
 
--
   
(29,632
)
Included in other comprehensive loss
   
17,801
   
(37,526
)
 
(10,047
)
 
(54,050
)
 
(14,519
)
 
(98,341
)
Amortization or accretion
   
--
   
(6,632
)
 
276
   
(3,229
)
 
44
   
(9,541
)
Purchases, issuances, settlements and other adjustments
   
28,574
   
21,780
   
(286,516
)
 
--
   
3,664
   
(232,498
)
Net transfers in and/or out of Level 3(1)
   
288,672
   
--
   
--
   
--
   
--
   
288,672
 
Balance at December 31, 2008
 
$
335,047
 
$
123,122
 
$
69,217
 
$
7,313
 
$
2,550
 
$
537,249
 
 
Amount of total gains (losses) for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at December, 2008(2)
 
$
--
 
$
(7,968
)
$
(3,700
)
$
(10,736
)
$
--
 
$
(22,404
)

(1)
During 2008, management evaluated the number of transactions conducted with instruments similar to the Series A-1 Freddie Mac Certificates and concluded that due to the unique terms of the certificates, such population was too limited to continue a Level 2 designation as determined upon adoption of SFAS 157 and as a result, were reclassified as Level 3 assets.
(2)
Recorded in “Losses on Impairment of Assets” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations (see also Note 22).
 
C.  Financial Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated Partnerships
 
The following tables present the information about assets and liabilities of Consolidated Partnerships measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2008:
 
(in thousands)
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Balance
as of
December 31,
2008
 
                           
Measured on a recurring basis:
                         
                           
Assets
                         
Available-for-sale investments:
                         
CMBS
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
$
182,828
 
$
182,828
 
Retained CMBS certificates, available-for-sale
   
--
   
--
   
9,867
   
9,867
 
CDO debt and equity
   
--
   
--
   
33,189
   
33,189
 
Total available-for-sale investments
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
$
225,884
 
$
225,884
 
 
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
                         
                         
Assets
                       
Mortgage loans held for investment – impaired(1)
 
$
--
 
$
14,137
 
$
--
$
14,137
 

(1)
We recorded impairment charges for seven loans during 2008 recorded in “loss on impairment of assets of consolidated partnerships” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations (see Note 24).
 
 
- 99 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
The following table presents additional information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which the consolidated partnerships utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:
 
   
Year Ended December 31, 2008
 
(in thousands)
 
CMBS
 
 
Retained
CMBS
certificates
(available-for-sale)
 
CDO debt and
equity
 
Total
 
                           
Balance at January 1, 2008
 
$
1,235,059
 
$
482,424
 
$
65,060
 
$
1,782,543
 
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
                         
Included in earnings
   
(95,976
)
 
(27,016
)
 
(101,027
)
 
(224,019
)
Included in other comprehensive loss
   
(1,001,861
)
 
(164,338
)
 
(74,526
)
 
(1,240,725
)
Amortization or accretion
   
(1,934
)
 
1,792
   
1,554
   
1,412
 
Purchases, issuances, settlements and other adjustments
   
47,540
   
--
   
142,128
   
189,668
 
Net transfers in and/or out of Level 3(1)
   
--
   
(282,995
)
 
--
   
(282,995
)
Balance at December 31, 2008
 
$
182,828
 
$
9,867
 
$
33,189
 
$
225,884
 
 
Amount of total gains (losses) included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at December 31, 2008(2)
 
$
(95,976
)
$
(27,016
)
$
(101,027
)
$
(224,019
)

(1)
During 2008, management elected to reclassify certain investments from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity (see Notes 2 and 13).
(2)
Included in “loss on impairment of assets of consolidated partnerships” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations (see Note 24).
 
NOTE 7 – Re-securitization of Mortgage Revenue Bond Portfolio
 
In December 2007, we completed the re-securitization of most of our mortgage revenue bond portfolio (the “December 2007 re-securitization transaction”) with the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”).  This transaction principally provided us with long term fixed-rate financing matched to the duration of the portfolio, eliminating the interest rate risk inherent in prior securitizations.
 
The total principal amount of the mortgage revenue bonds included in the 2007 re-securitization transaction was $2.8 billion and comprised of the following:
 
(in thousands)
 
Accounted
for as Sold
 
Accounted
for as
Financed
 
Total
 
                     
Outstanding principal balance
 
$
2,129,977
 
$
670,583
 
$
2,800,560
 

 
The balance accounted for as financed as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 are detailed under B. Mortgage Revenue Bonds in Note 8.
 
For accounting purposes, consummation of this transaction constituted a sale of the mortgage revenue bond investments.  As such the bonds are not reflected as assets on our balance sheet, with the exception of those bonds for which our continuing involvement precluded sale treatment despite consideration received from Freddie Mac.  As of the December 2007 re-securitization transaction, continuing involvement represented either:
 
 
·
guarantees we had provided with respect to payment of debt service on certain of the bonds; or
 
·
existing situations where a consolidated subsidiary controlled the property partnership that is the borrower of the bond.
 
 
- 100 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
Subsequent to the December 2007 re-securitization transaction, we may be required to re-record bonds previously treated as sold as assets of our Affordable Housing group if a default by a property partnership would permit a consolidated subsidiary of ours to take control of that partnership, even if the subsidiary does not exercise that right.  For all of assets not reflected as sold (or that are re-recorded as described above) we establish a secured financing liability (See Freddie Mac Secured Financing in Note 15).
 
During 2008, the guarantees precluding sale treatment of 27 bonds expired, and we recognized the bonds as sold.  We have no other bonds with continuing involvement related to guarantees.  The bonds we recognized as sold in 2008 had an aggregate amortized cost basis of $273.7 million.  Upon recognition of the sale, we also de-recognized the associated secured financing liability and recognized a gain of $4.7 million.
 
Also during 2008, a subsidiary assumed the general partner interest in the property partnerships that are the obligors of three mortgage revenue bonds we had recognized as sold in the December 2007 re-securitization transaction.  Another property partnership defaulted, but we did not assume control.  The four bonds had fair value aggregating $40.8 million that we recorded as assets and we also recorded a corresponding secured financing liability.
 
The consideration we received in the December 2007 re-securitization transaction was based on the outstanding principal balance of the mortgage revenue bonds and included:
 
·  
cash (part of which was placed in escrow – see Stabilization Escrow in Note 10),
·  
MSRs related to our role as primary servicer for the mortgage revenue bonds (see Note 11) and
·  
Series A-1 and Series B Freddie Mac Certificates (see Freddie Mac Certificates in Note 8).  The Series A-1 Freddie Mac Certificates are fixed rate securities, whereas the Series B Freddie Mac Certificates are residual interests of the re-securitization trust.
 
For the portion of the transaction that we accounted for as a sale in 2007, we recorded a loss on sale of $77.9 million, inclusive of transaction costs, realization of derivative losses and other costs.
 
Assets of our Affordable Housing group include the mortgage revenue bonds that were not deemed sold, as well as the Freddie Mac Certificates.  If the continuing involvement described above relates to a consolidated subsidiary controlling the property partnership that is the borrower of the bond, that property partnership is included as part of our Consolidated Partnerships group.  As a result, in consolidation, we eliminate those mortgage revenue bond assets against the debt held by the property partnership as applicable.
 
NOTE 8 – Available-for-Sale Investments
 
Available-for-sale investments consisted of:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
               
Freddie Mac Certificates:
             
Series A-1
 
$
335,047
 
$
288,672
 
Series B
   
123,122
   
153,468
 
Mortgage revenue bonds
   
69,217
   
376,432
 
Retained CMBS certificates
   
7,313
   
75,328
 
CMBS
   
2,550
   
13,361
 
Syndicated corporate debt
   
1,964
   
27,749
 
Marketable securities
   
--
   
1,181
 
 
Total
 
$
539,213
 
$
936,191
 
 

 
- 101 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
A.  Freddie Mac Certificates
 
Series A-1
 
Information with respect to the Series A-1 Freddie Mac Certificates were as follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
 
Fair value
 
$
400,026
 
$
377,500
 
Less: eliminations(1)
   
(64,979
)
 
(88,828
)
 
Consolidated fair value
 
$
335,047
 
$
288,672
 
 
(1)    A portion of the Series A-1 Freddie Mac Certificates related to re-securitized mortgage revenue bonds that were not reflected as sold (see Note 7).
 

 
During the year ended December 31, 2008, we received $23.3 million in interest from the Series A-1 Freddie Mac Certificates.
 
Series B
 
Information with respect to the Series B Freddie Mac Certificates was as follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
 
Face amount
 
$
140,028
 
$
140,028
 
Interest receivable
   
1,481
   
--
 
Gross unrealized gains
   
5,215
   
72,873
 
Subtotal/fair value
   
146,724
   
212,901
 
Less: eliminations(1)
   
(23,602
)
 
(59,433
)
 
Consolidated fair value
 
$
123,122
 
$
153,468
 
 
(1)A portion of the Series B Freddie Mac Certificates related to re-securitized mortgage revenue bonds that were not reflected as sold (see Note 7).
 

 
During 2008, we recorded an impairment charge of $8.0 million related to the Series B Certificates (see Note 22).
 
Key fair value assumptions used in measuring the Series B Freddie Mac Certificates are provided in the table below:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2008
 
2007
 
           
Weighted average discount rate
 
16.5
%
11.0
%
Constant prepayment rate
 
90.0
%
90.0
%
Weighted average life
 
10.9
 years
11.6
 years
Constant default rate
 
2.0
%
2.0
%

 
The weighted average life of assets in the pool that can be prepaid was 11.3 years as of December 31, 2008 and 12.3 years as of December 31, 2007.
 
 
- 102 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
The fair value and the sensitivity on the fair value to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions are as follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
 
Fair value of Freddie Mac B Certificates at December 31
 
$
123,122
 
$
153,468
 
               
Constant prepayment rate:
             
Fair value after impact of 5% increase
   
122,784
   
153,016
 
Fair value after impact of 10% increase
   
121,689
   
151,533
 
               
Discount rate:
             
Fair value after impact of 1% increase
   
117,508
   
145,556
 
Fair value after impact of 2% increase
   
112,330
   
138,304
 
               
Constant default rate:
             
Fair value after impact of 1% increase
   
112,919
   
143,470
 
Fair value after impact of 2% increase
   
103,314
   
134,200
 

 
These sensitivities are hypothetical changes in fair value and cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the changes in assumption to the changes in fair value may not be linear.  Also, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption is calculated without changing any other assumption, whereas change in one factor may result in changes to another.  Accordingly, no assurance can be given that actual results would be consistent with the results of these estimates.
 
During the year ended December 31, 2008, we received $30.2 million in interest and prepayments from the Series B Freddie Mac Certificates.
 
Delinquent collateral loans underlying the certificates had an unpaid principal balance of $33.2 million at December 31, 2008 and projected remaining losses are estimated at 2.72% of the underlying securitizations.  At December 31, 2008, there were no actual losses of the underlying securitizations. There were no cash receipts from the securitization trust in 2007, nor any delinquencies or defaults in the managed portfolio.
 
B.  Mortgage Revenue Bonds
 
The following tables summarize our mortgage revenue bond portfolio:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
               
Securitized:
             
Included in December 2007 re-securitization transaction and accounted for as financed
 
$
432,092
 
$
670,583
 
Included in other securitizations
   
49,642
   
14,663
 
Subtotal
   
481,734
   
685,246
 
Not securitized
   
9,525
   
88,074
 
Eliminations
   
(422,042
)
 
(396,889
)
 
Total at fair value
 
$
69,217
 
$
376,432
 
 
 

 
- 103 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
       
Face Amount of Bond(1)
 
Fair Value at
December 31, 2008
     
(dollars in thousands)
 
Number of
Bonds
 
Amount
 
% of Total
 
Amount
 
% of Total
 
Current
Stated
Interest Rate
 
                               
By Property Status:
                             
Stabilized
 
15
 
$
63,260
 
12.0
%
$
51,711
 
10.5
%
6.9
%
Lease-up
 
46
   
408,132
 
77.1
   
393,951
 
80.2
 
6.4
 
Construction
 
2
   
28,596
 
5.4
   
22,746
 
4.6
 
5.8
 
Rehab
 
10
   
29,327
 
5.5
   
22,851
 
4.7
 
5.9
 
Subtotal
 
73
   
529,315
 
100.0
%
 
491,259
 
100.0
%
6.4
%
Eliminations(2)
 
(49
)
 
(439,557
)
     
(422,042
)
       
2008 Total
 
24
 
$
89,758
     
$
69,217
         
2007 Total
 
52
 
$
416,638
     
$
376,432
         
                               
By State:(3)
                             
Texas
 
4
 
$
30,940
 
5.8
%
$
29,143
 
5.9
%
7.2
%
Georgia
 
16
   
220,375
 
41.6
   
218,756
 
44.5
 
6.3
 
Mississippi
 
4
   
34,605
 
6.5
   
34,218
 
7.0
 
6.6
 
Iowa
 
4
   
33,480
 
6.3
   
32,294
 
6.6
 
6.6
 
Arkansas
 
6
   
31,415
 
5.9
   
25,228
 
5.1
 
6.3
 
All Others
 
39
   
178,500
 
33.9
   
151,620
 
30.9
 
6.4
 
Subtotal
 
73
   
529,315
 
100.0
%
 
491,259
 
100.0
%
6.4
%
Eliminations(2)
 
(49
)
 
(439,557
)
     
(422,042
)
       
2008 Total
 
24
 
$
89,758
     
$
69,217
         
2007 Total
 
52
 
$
416,638
     
$
376,432
         
                               
By Maturity Date:
                             
2008-2010
 
3
 
$
2,097
 
0.4
%
$
1,124
 
0.2
%
6.0
%
2011-2015
 
4
   
1,785
 
0.3
   
1,477
 
0.3
 
6.4
 
2016-2020
 
7
   
13,268
 
2.5
   
11,088
 
2.3
 
6.8
 
2021-2025
 
3
   
5,195
 
1.0
   
4,593
 
0.9
 
8.7
 
2026-2030
 
5
   
7,681
 
1.5
   
6,231
 
1.3
 
5.7
 
2031-2035
 
1
   
8,700
 
1.6
   
8,645
 
1.8
 
6.8
 
2036-2040
 
10
   
59,936
 
11.3
   
44,861
 
9.1
 
6.7
 
2041-2045
 
25
   
254,911
 
48.2
   
246,287
 
50.1
 
6.6
 
2046 and After
 
15
   
175,742
 
33.2
   
166,953
 
34.0
 
6.0
 
Subtotal
 
73
   
529,315
 
100.0
%
 
491,259
 
100.0
%
6.4
%
Eliminations(2)
 
(49
)
 
(439,557
)
     
(422,042
)
       
2008 Total
 
24
 
$
89,758
     
$
69,217
         
2007 Total
 
52
 
$
416,638
     
$
376,432
         

(1)
Original principal amount at issuance.
(2)
Certain bonds are recorded as liabilities on the balance sheets of consolidated partnerships and therefore eliminated in consolidation (see also Note 7).
(3)
Certain properties collateralize multiple mortgage revenue bonds; only one bond is included to avoid duplication.
 
 
- 104 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
The amortized cost basis of our portfolio of mortgage revenue bonds and the related unrealized gains and losses were as follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
               
Amortized cost basis
 
$
502,579
 
$
774,594
 
Gross unrealized gains
   
3,260
   
2,351
 
Gross unrealized losses
   
(14,580
)
 
(3,624
)
Subtotal/fair value
   
491,259
   
773,321
 
Less: eliminations(1)
   
(422,042
)
 
(396,889
)
 
Consolidated fair value
 
$
69,217
 
$
376,432
 
 
(1)    Certain bonds are recorded as liabilities on the balance sheets of consolidated partnerships and therefore eliminated in consolidation (see Note 7).
 

 
For mortgage revenue bonds in an unrealized loss position as of the dates presented, the fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by length of time that individual bonds have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, is summarized in the table below:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Less than
12 Months
 
12 Months
or More
 
Total
 
               
December 31, 2008
             
                     
Number
   
17
   
12
   
29
 
Fair value
 
$
50,596
 
$
158,733
 
$
209,329
 
Gross unrealized loss
 
$
12,315
 
$
2,265
 
$
14,580
 
                     
December 31, 2007
                   
                     
Number
   
18
   
3
   
21
 
Fair value
 
$
234,248
 
$
36,559
 
$
270,807
 
Gross unrealized loss
 
$
3,244
 
$
380
 
$
3,624
 

 
Unrealized losses on mortgage revenue bonds are primarily a result of unamortized yield adjustments related to the bonds and are not reflective of the operating performance of the assets.
 
During 2008, certain of the guarantees which precluded sale treatment during the December 2007 re-securitization transaction expired, resulting in recognition of 27 mortgage revenue bonds as sold. Also during 2008, a subsidiary assumed the general partner interest in the property partnerships that are the obligors of three mortgage revenue bonds associated with two properties we had recognized as sold in the re-securitization transaction.  As a result, we have included those bonds, and another that defaulted, at the fair value in the tables above as of December 31, 2008 (see Note 7).
 
During 2008, we purchased mortgage revenue bond investments with a principal amount of $4.5 million from AMAC for a purchase price of $2.0 million (see Note 28).
 
During the second quarter of 2008, we securitized sixteen mortgage revenue bonds (associated with seven properties) and accounted for the securitization as a financing transaction (see Note 15).
 
Under our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility (see Note 14), ten bonds (associated with seven properties) with an aggregate fair value of $9.5 million as of December 31, 2008, are pledged as collateral.
 
During the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, we recorded impairment charges of $10.9 million, $19.9 million and $4.7 million, respectively, related to mortgage revenue bonds (see Note 22).
 
 
- 105 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
C.  Retained CMBS Certificates
 
Retained CMBS certificates are not direct investments in CMBS, but rather investments in the debt of trusts that hold CMBS investments.  Retained CMBS certificates we hold for our own account as of December 31, 2008 are comprised of the following classes:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Face
Amount
 
Purchase
Cost
 
Accreted
Cost(1)
 
Unrealized
Gain
 
Unrealized
Loss(1)
 
Fair Value
 
Percentage
of Fair
Value
 
 
Security rating:
                                         
AAA interest only
 
$
--
 
$
24,612
 
$
2,328
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
$
2,328
 
31.8
%
CCC-
   
 119,671
   
40,466
   
 40,565
   
--
   
(36,024
)
 
 4,541
 
62.1
 
D
   
 15,240
   
1,126
   
--
   
 152
   
--
   
 152
 
2.1
 
Non-rated
   
 29,147
   
8,639
   
 1,477
   
--
   
(1,185
)
 
 292
 
4.0
 
Non-rated interest only
   
--
   
581
   
--
   
--
   
--
   
--
 
--
 
 
Total
 
$
164,058
 
$
75,424
 
$
44,370
 
$
152
 
$
 (37,209
)
$
7,313
 
100.0
%

(1)
Unrealized losses do not include $10.7 million related to the AAA interest only and non-rated interest only certificates which have experienced losses related to the underlying assets and for which we realized an impairment loss in the year ended December 31, 2008 (see Note 22).  Accreted cost is shown net of this amount.
 
At December 31, 2008, the AAA interest only certificate had a notional amount of $465.7 million and the non-rated interest only certificates had a combined notional amount of $192.4 million.
 
For retained CMBS certificates in an unrealized loss position, the fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by length of time that individual investments have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, is summarized in the table below:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Less than
12 Months
 
12 Months
or More
 
Total
 
 
December 31, 2008
                   
 
Number
   
10
   
9
   
19
 
Fair Value
 
$
4,093
 
$
3,220
 
$
7,313
 
Gross Unrealized loss
 
$
25,218
 
$
11,991
 
$
37,209
 

 
The unrealized losses are due to liquidity discount as a result of market conditions and we believe do not reflect the credit quality of the underlying assets.  We have the ability and intent to hold these investments until recovery; as such, we have concluded that the decreases in fair value are temporary.  As of December 31, 2007, all of the retained CMBS certificates with unrealized losses of $6.9 million had been in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months.
 
During the year, rating agencies downgraded certain retained CMBS certificates we hold which resulted in a reduction in the fair value of the investments.
 
The retained CMBS certificates are pledged as collateral under a term loan agreement (see Note 14).
 
Fair value of the retained CMBS certificates is determined assuming no defaults on the underlying collateral loans and according to the payment terms of the underlying loans, which generally do not allow prepayment without yield maintenance except during the last three months of a loan.
 
 
- 106 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
At December 31, 2008, the remaining key assumptions used in measuring fair value and the sensitivity of the current fair value of the retained CMBS certificates to potential adverse changes are as follows:
 
           
Expected
Credit Loss
 
Discount Rate
Applied to Cash Flows
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Weighted
Average
Life (yrs)
 
 
Discount Rate
applied to
Cash Flows
 
 
1.0%
CDR(1)
 
 
2.0%
CDR(1)
 
1.0%
Adverse
Change
 
2.0%
Adverse
Change
 
                                   
Security rating:
                                 
AAA interest only
 
4.64
 
259.28
%
$
2,328
 
$
2,328
 
$
2,322
 
$
2,315
 
CCC-
 
9.52
 
144.86
   
4,505
   
4,481
   
4,469
   
4,435
 
D
 
--
 
44.62
   
152
   
152
   
152
   
152
 
Non-rated
 
--
 
594.26
   
290
   
289
   
290
   
290
 
Non-rated interest only
 
N/A
 
42.20
   
--
   
--
   
--
   
--
 

(1)
Constant Default Rate
 
These sensitivities are hypothetical changes in fair value and cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the changes in assumption to the changes in fair value may not be linear.  Also, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption is calculated without changing any other assumption, whereas change in one factor may result in changes to another.  Accordingly, no assurance can be given that actual results would be consistent with the results of these estimates.
 
The interest rates on the principal classes range from zero to 9.67% and from zero to 0.89% on the interest only class.  During the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, consolidated partnerships received $12.8 million, $16.0 million and $6.7 million, respectively, from the retained CMBS certificates.
 
Delinquencies on the collateral loans underlying the retained CMBS certificates totaled 1.2% at December 31, 2008, compared to 0.6% at December 31, 2007.  At December 31, 2008, actual losses to date were 5.4% of the underlying securitizations, and projected remaining losses are estimated at 15.2% of the underlying securitizations.  At December 31, 2007, actual losses to date were 7.1% of the underlying securitizations, and projected remaining losses are estimated at 13.5% of the underlying securitizations.
 
D.  CMBS
 
CMBS investments we hold for our account were comprised of the following as of December 31, 2008:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Face
Amount
 
Purchase
Cost
 
Accreted
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gain
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair Value
 
Percentage
of Fair
Value
 
 
Security rating:
                                         
BB+
 
$
3,898
 
$
2,244
 
$
2,336
 
$
--
 
$
 (2,063
)
$
273
 
10.7
%
BB
   
 3,898
   
2,097
   
 2,191
   
--
   
(1,918
)
 
 273
 
10.7
 
BB-
   
 3,898
   
1,959
   
 2,056
   
--
   
(1,783
)
 
 273
 
10.7
 
B+
   
 10,395
   
4,308
   
 4,365
   
--
   
(3,846
)
 
 519
 
20.4
 
B
   
 2,599
   
542
   
 520
   
--
   
(390
)
 
 130
 
5.1
 
B-
   
 6,698
   
1,375
   
 1,321
   
--
   
(1,014
)
 
 307
 
12.0
 
Non-rated
   
 25,819
   
5,269
   
 4,968
   
--
   
(4,193
)
 
775
 
30.4
 
 
Total
 
$
57,205
 
$
17,794
 
$
17,757
 
$
--
 
$
 (15,207
)
$
2,550
 
100.0
%

 
During 2008, we purchased CMBS investments with a face amount of $18.2 million at a cost of $3.7 million.  The unrealized losses on CMBS (all have been in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months) are due to liquidity discount as a result of market conditions and, in our judgment, do not necessarily reflect the credit quality of the underlying assets.  We have concluded that the decreases in fair value are temporary.
 
 
- 107 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
The CMBS investments are pledged as collateral under a term loan agreement (see Note 14).
 
E.  Syndicated Corporate Debt
 
During 2007, our Credit Risk Products group expanded its product lines to include acquisition of syndicated corporate debt; however, due to subsequent market conditions we sold most of the investments throughout 2008 resulting in recognized losses of $2.8 million (see Note 22).
 
 
NOTE 9 – Equity Method Investments
 
Equity method investments consisted of:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
               
Equity interests in tax credit partnerships
 
$
31,367
 
$
38,761
 

 
We acquire interests in entities that own tax credit properties.  We hold these investments on a short-term basis for inclusion in future Affordable Housing group investment fund offerings.  We expect to recapture our costs in such investments from the proceeds when the investment fund has closed.
 
The balances shown above do not include our investments in AMAC and CUC, which we also account for under the equity method, as the entities are related parties.  We also co-invest in CMBS and High-Yield Fund Partnerships (part of our Consolidated Partnerships group) which we account for on the equity basis, but those investments are eliminated in consolidation.  For discussion regarding these investments, see Notes 2 and 28.
 
 
 
Other investments consisted of:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
               
Mortgage loans held for sale
 
$
46,912
 
$
91,065
 
Mortgage loans held for investment(1)
   
10,292
   
15,687
 
Stabilization escrow
   
72,397
   
62,565
 
Construction loans to tax credit properties
   
150
   
6,379
 
Miscellaneous investments
   
4,476
   
8,768
 
 
Total
 
$
134,227
 
$
184,464
 
 
(1)    Net of valuation allowance of $1.7 million in 2008 and $0.3 million in 2007.
 

 
A.  Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
 
Mortgage loans held for sale include originated loans pre-sold to government sponsored entities, such as Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Freddie Mac and Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) under contractual sale obligations that normally settle within three months of origination.  Mortgage loans held for sale can differ widely from period to period depending on the timing and size of originated mortgages as compared to reporting dates.
 
 
- 108 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
B.  Stabilization Escrow
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
 
Cash balance
 
$
84,503
 
$
76,032
 
Present value discount net of eliminations and accumulated amortization
   
(12,106
)
 
(13,467
)
 
Total
 
$
72,397
 
$
62,565
 

 
A portion of the cash received from the mortgage revenue bonds re-securitized with Freddie Mac in December 2007 (See Note 7) was placed in escrow.  Due to the risks associated with the projected construction completion and/or stabilization of the underlying properties, contributions to the escrow account are recorded at their net present value determined based upon an evaluation of the underlying cash flows and an appropriate discount rate (14.4% at December 31, 2008). Of the amount required as of the transaction date ($126.0 million), we funded $76.0 million in December 2007 and, in March 2008, we funded an additional $30.0 million (resulting in a recognized loss in the first quarter of 2008 of $3.5 million representing the difference between the amount deposited and the present value of the associated releases of the funds, with such loss recorded as a component of “gain from repayment or sale of investments”).  Giving effect to escrow releases, the stabilization escrow is fully funded.  During the year ended December 31, 2008, we received $41.9 million of cash as a result of escrow releases due to construction completion and/or stabilization of the underlying properties.
 
C.  Construction Loans to Tax Credit Properties
 
Through a subsidiary, we issue construction loans to tax credit properties on a short-term basis until the properties are included in future Affordable Housing investment fund offerings.  These loans are guaranteed by the developers of the tax credit properties.
 
 
NOTE 11 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
 
Goodwill and intangible assets, net consisted of the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
               
Goodwill
 
$
248,978
 
$
342,667
 
Other intangible assets, net
   
37,189
   
103,077
 
Mortgage servicing rights, net
   
52,483
   
58,529
 
 
Total
 
$
338,650
 
$
504,273
 
 
 

 
- 109 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
A.  Goodwill
 
The table provided below summarizes information regarding goodwill, which we include in our Corporate group:
 
(in thousands)
 
Total
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2007
 
$
345,806
 
Additions
   
432
 
Reductions
   
(3,571
)
 
Balance at December 31, 2007
   
342,667
 
Additions
   
--
 
Impairment
   
(92,748
)
Other reductions
   
(941
)
 
Balance at December 31, 2008
 
$
248,978
 

 
For a discussion of impairment, see section D below.
 
Other reductions to goodwill in 2008 and 2007 pertain primarily to the redemption of Special Common Units (“SCUs”) (see Note 18).  The deferred tax impact of such redemption effectively reduces the purchase price for the subsidiary they were issued to finance.  Other reductions in 2007 relate to the final allocations of our purchase price of Centerline Investors I LLC (“Centerline Investors”).
 
The goodwill addition in 2007 was due to the adoption of FIN 48 (see Note 25) and a reserve for an uncertain tax position that existed at Centerline Investors at the August 2006 acquisition date.
 
Although partially contingent upon subsidiary equity conversions, all of our goodwill is tax-deductible.
 
 
- 110 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
B.  Other Intangible Assets
 
The components of other intangible assets, net are as follows as of December 31:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Estimated
Useful
Life
(in Years)
 
Gross
Carrying Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
 
       
2008
 
2007
 
2008
 
2007
 
2008
 
2007
 
 
Amortized intangible assets:
                                       
Transactional relationships
 
5.3
 
103,000
 
$
103,000
 
$
97,028
 
$
34,721
 
$
5,972
 
$
68,279
 
Partnership service contracts
 
9.4
 
44,421
   
47,300
   
31,744
   
28,057
   
12,677
   
19,243
 
General partner interests
 
7.0
 
13,521
   
6,016
   
4,030
   
2,547
   
9,491
   
3,469
 
Joint venture developer relationships
 
5.0
 
4,800
   
4,800
   
4,800
   
3,955
   
--
   
845
 
Mortgage banking broker relationships
 
5.0
 
1,080
   
1,080
   
829
   
612
   
251
   
468
 
Weighted average life/subtotal
 
6.6
 
166,822
   
162,196
   
138,431
   
69,892
   
28,391
   
92,304
 
                                         
Unamortized intangible assets:
                                       
Mortgage banking licenses and approvals with no expiration
     
8,798
   
10,773
   
--
   
--
   
8,798
   
10,773
 
 
Total
     
175,620
 
$
172,969
 
$
138,431
 
$
69,892
 
$
37,189
 
$
103,077
 
           
 
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
             
(in thousands)
         
2008
 
2007
 
2006
             
 
Amortization expense
         
$
13,350
 
$
15,387
 
$
15,534
             
Impairment
         
$
60,044
 
$
7,226
 
$
1,647
             

 
In June 2008, we reached an agreement to act as collateral manager for two commercial real estate CDOs created by Nomura Credit and Capital, Inc (“Nomura”).  In connection with this agreement, we paid $7.5 million which we capitalized, included in “general partner interests” above, which represented the fair value of the agreement at the time we completed the transaction.  The asset will be amortized over 5.8 years, representing the estimated weighted average life of the Nomura CDOs.  In connection with this agreement, the High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership we manage and consolidate purchased debt and equity securities in the Nomura CDOs (see Note 13).
 
In the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, we recorded charges to write-down or write-off intangible assets.  See section D below.
 
The estimated amortization expense for other intangible assets for the next five years is as follows:
 
   
(in thousands)
 
         
2009
 
$
13,740
 
2010
 
$
9,025
 
2011
 
$
2,167
 
2012
 
$
1,899
 
2013
 
$
1,302
 
 

 
- 111 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
C.  Mortgage Servicing Rights
 
The components of the change in MSRs and related reserves were as follows:
 
   
(in thousands)
 
         
Balance at January 1, 2007
 
$
68,785
 
MSRs capitalized
   
10,815
 
Amortization
   
(21,071
)
Balance at December 31, 2007
   
58,529
 
MSRs capitalized
   
6,662
 
Amortization
   
(12,708
)
Increase in reserves
   
--
 
Balance at December 31, 2008
 
$
52,483
 
         
Reserve for Loan Losses :
       
         
Balance at January 1, 2007
 
$
13,116
 
Net additions
   
--
 
Balance at December 31, 2007
   
13,116
 
Net additions
   
--
 
Balance at December 31, 2008
 
$
13,116
 

 
MSRs capitalized in 2007 include $2.2 million associated with our ongoing servicing for the bonds included in the December 2007 re-securitization transaction which we accounted for as sold (see Note 7).  An additional $0.4 million of MSRs were recognized in 2008 related to mortgage revenue bonds receiving sale treatment.
 
The estimated amortization expense for the MSRs for the next five years is as follows:
 
   
(in thousands)
 
         
2009
 
$
10,911
 
2010
 
$
8,167
 
2011
 
$
7,424
 
2012
 
$
6,238
 
2013
 
$
5,021
 

 
The significant assumptions used in estimating the fair values were as follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2008
 
2007
 
 
Weighted average discount rate
   
18.17
%
 
17.54
%
Weighted average pre-pay speed
   
9.50
%
 
9.98
%
Weighted average lockout period
   
4.5 years
   
4.0 years
 
Weighted average default rate
   
0.47
%
 
0.50
%
Cost to service loans
 
$
2,192
 
$
2,215
 
Acquisition cost (per loan)
 
$
1,474
 
$
1,464
 
 

 
- 112 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
The table below illustrates hypothetical fair values of MSRs, caused by assumed immediate changes to key assumptions which are used to determine fair value.
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
 
Fair value of MSRs
 
$
77,463
 
$
85,762
 
               
Prepayment speed:
             
Fair value after impact of 10% adverse change
   
76,846
   
84,989
 
Fair value after impact of 20% adverse change
   
76,263
   
84,281
 
               
Discount rate:
             
Fair value after impact of 10% adverse change
   
73,211
   
81,013
 
Fair value after impact of 20% adverse change
   
69,529
   
76,915
 
               
Default rate:
             
Fair value after impact of 10% adverse change
   
77,363
   
85,683
 
Fair value after impact of 20% adverse change
   
77,256
   
85,613
 

 
These sensitivities are hypothetical changes in fair value and cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the changes in assumption to the changes in fair value may not be linear.  Also, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption is calculated without changing any other assumption, whereas change in one factor may result in changes to another.  Accordingly, no assurance can be given that actual results would be consistent with the results of these estimates.
 
Servicing fees we earned as well as those received with respect to the December 2007 re-securitization transaction (all of which are included in “Fee Income” in our Consolidated Statements of Operations) were as follows for the years ended December 31:
 
(in thousands)
 
Total
Servicing
Fees
 
Servicing
Fees from
Securitized
Assets
(included in
Total
Servicing
Fees)
 
 
2008
 
$
22,082
 
$
826
 
2007
 
$
23,672
 
$
78
 
2006
 
$
20,738
 
$
--
 

 
 
- 113 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
D.  Impairment
 
Write-offs or impairments of goodwill and intangible assets consist of the following:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
Goodwill
 
$
92,748
 
$
--
 
$
997
 
 
Amortized intangible assets:
                   
Transactional relationships
   
55,190
   
--
   
1,647
 
Partnership service contracts
   
2,879
   
7,226
   
--
 
 
Unamortized intangible assets:
                   
Mortgage banking licenses
   
1,975
   
--
   
--
 
   
$
152,792
 
$
7,226
 
$
2,644
 

 
We assessed our goodwill as of December 31, 2007, noting no indication of impairment.  Due to market disruptions (see Note 4), at September 30, 2008, there was an indication of impairment primarily caused by the continued decline in the Company’s market capitalization, which declined 74% in the nine-months ended September 30, 2008.  We believe the decline to be a function of the unfavorable market environment characterized by lack of liquidity, spread deterioration, and decline in asset values as well as general economic conditions.  As a result of our testing, we recognized an estimated $60.0 million impairment during the quarter ended September 30, 2008. During the fourth quarter of 2008, we completed our annual impairment test, which indicated further impairment and we recorded an additional charge of $32.7 million.
 
For stand-alone reporting purposes, we wrote off the entire balance of goodwill associated with acquiring the businesses that comprise Centerline Mortgage Capital (“CMC”) and the remainder is attributable to our acquisition of Centerline Affordable Housing Advisors (“CAHA”).  In addition to the factors noted above, CMC expects to experience a decrease in future revenue streams as we work to align our organizational structure to maximize our return on our agency origination platform. Although we believe the affordable housing market will eventually recover, the timing of market recovery is uncertain and the resulting delay in cash flows from new originations caused a significant decrease in CAHA’s current enterprise value.
 
In connection with the acquisition of Related Capital Company in 2003, we established an intangible asset for the newly acquired transactional relationships with Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae.  The original fair value of $73.4 million was based upon cash flows from expected investments by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae in future tax credit funds.  In connection with the placement of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae into conservatorship in September 2008, we re-evaluated the fair value of these relationships based upon our belief that their future investments in tax credit funds will be limited.  As a result, we recognized a pre-tax impairment of $55.2 million during the third quarter of 2008 and have reduced the estimated life of the remaining balance to five years.
 
In light of the continued declining performance of AMAC resulting from the disruption in mortgage and credit markets, we recognized a pre-tax impairment of $7.2 million in 2007 and the remaining $2.9 million balance in 2008 when it effectively ceased operations..
 
In connection with acquisitions we made in 2001 and 2005, we hold mortgage banking licenses and approvals. During 2008, we increasingly focused our mortgage origination efforts on Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and deemphasized other portions of the business.  Although the licenses associated with our Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae have become more valuable, this increased focus resulted in other licenses and approvals being considered impaired by $2.0 million.
 
In 2006, we wrote-off $1.6 million in unamortized transactional relationship assets and $1.0 million of goodwill associated with the closure of CharterMac Real Estate Securities.
 
All of the above charges are included within “write-off of goodwill and intangible assets” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
 
 
- 114 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
NOTE 12 – Deferred Costs and Other Assets, Net
 
The components of deferred costs and other assets, net are presented in the table below:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
               
Deferred financing and other costs
 
$
34,673
 
$
39,599
 
Less: Accumulated amortization
   
(11,879
)
 
(5,176
)
               
Net deferred costs
   
22,794
   
34,423
 
               
Deposits receivable
   
75,955
   
59,957
 
Interest receivable, net
   
4,885
   
10,550
 
Fees receivable, net
   
4,585
   
4,291
 
Furniture, fixtures and leasehold improvements, net
   
3,588
   
8,366
 
Other
   
23,872
   
23,851
 
 
Total
 
$
135,679
 
$
141,438
 

 
A.  Deferred Financing and Other Costs
 
During 2008, in connection with the termination of our mezzanine debt facility at Centerline Financial LLC subsidiary (“Centerline Financial”) (see note 14), we wrote off $1.4 million of deferred financing costs.
 
During 2007, in connection with the re-securitization of most of our bond portfolio, we terminated the previous credit facilities and replaced them with new facilities (see Note 14).  This resulted in a write-off of $5.2 million of deferred financing and other costs related to the old facilities and the capitalization of $13.2 million of costs related to the new facilities.
 
During 2006, in connection with the restructuring of our certain securitization programs in place at that time, we wrote off the unamortized balance of deferred financing costs pertaining to the terminated programs.  As a result, we recorded incremental amortization expense of $3.4 million during 2006.  In connection with refinancing our lines of credit at the time of the Centerline Investors acquisition in August 2006 (see Note 14) we wrote off the unamortized balance of deferred financing costs pertaining to the terminated lines ($0.1 million) and recorded deferred costs of $9.3 million related to the new facilities.
 
B.  Deposits Receivable
 
Deposits receivable consists primarily of collateral deposits related to credit intermediation agreements to provide specified investment yields to investors (see Note 30).  As the primary credit intermediator in these transactions is a third-party, we have been required to post collateral in connection with our contingent obligation.  Prior to the December 2007 re-securitization transaction (see Note 7), we posted certain bond investments to fulfill this requirement.  Upon completion of the transaction, we were required to provide cash as substitute collateral.
 
C.  Furniture, fixtures and leasehold improvements, net
 
During 2008, we capitalized $15.9 million for leasehold improvements related to the lease of office space we intended to occupy.  Due to market conditions, it was subsequently determined we would no longer be occupying the space and as a result, we wrote off the balance capitalized (see Note 22).
 
 
- 115 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
NOTE 13 – Assets of Consolidated Partnerships
 
Financial information for the Tax Credit Fund and Property Partnerships is as of September 30, 2008, the most recent date for which information is available.  Information with respect to the CMBS Fund Partnerships and the High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership is as of December 31, 2008.
 
Assets of consolidated partnerships consisted of the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
 
2008
 
2007
 
(in thousands)
 
Tax Credit
Fund and
Property
Partnerships
 
CMBS and
High-Yield
Debt Fund
Partnerships
 
Total
 
Tax Credit
Fund and
Property
Partnerships
 
 
CMBS and
High-Yield
Debt Fund
Partnerships
 
Total
 
                                       
Available-for-sale, at fair value
                                     
CMBS
 
$
--
 
$
182,828
 
$
182,828
 
$
--
 
$
1,235,059
 
$
1,235,059
 
Retained CMBS certificates
   
--
   
9,867
   
9,867
   
--
   
482,424
   
482,424
 
CDO Debt and Equity
   
--
   
33,189
   
33,189
   
--
   
65,060
   
65,060
 
     
--
   
225,884
   
225,884
   
--
   
1,782,543
   
1,782,543
 
                                       
Held to Maturity
                                     
Retained CMBS certificates
   
--
   
288,960
   
288,960
   
--
   
--
   
--
 
 
Equity method
                                     
Equity interests in tax credit properties
   
4,234,251
   
--
   
4,234,251
   
4,178,206
   
--
   
4,178,206
 
 
Other
                                     
Mortgage loans held for investment
   
--
   
200,611
   
200,611
   
--
   
336,322
   
336,322
 
Other investments
   
47,858
   
--
   
47,858
   
78,055
   
--
   
78,055
 
     
47,858
   
200,611
   
248,469
   
78,055
   
336,322
   
414,377
 
 
Total investments held by consolidated partnerships
   
4,282,109
   
715,455
   
4,997,564
   
4,256,261
   
2,118,865
   
6,375,126
 
 
Land, buildings and improvements, net
   
697,422
   
--
   
697,422
   
661,380
   
--
   
661,380
 
Other assets
   
309,962
   
63,970
   
373,932
   
290,076
   
81,659
   
371,735
 
Total other assets of consolidated partnerships
   
1,007,384
   
63,970
   
1,071,354
   
951,456
   
81,659
   
1,033,115
 
 
Total
 
$
5,289,493
 
$
779,425
 
$
6,068,918
 
$
5,207,717
 
$
2,200,524
 
$
7,408,241
 

 
- 116 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
A.  CMBS, Available-for-Sale
 
The CMBS Fund and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships invest in and hold CMBS investments.   Available-for-sale CMBS investments held by these partnerships comprised the amounts noted below as of December 31, 2008:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Face
Amount
 
Purchase
Cost
 
Accreted
Cost(1)
 
Unrealized
Gain
 
Unrealized
Loss(1)
 
Fair Value
 
Percentage
of Fair
Value
 
                                           
Security rating:
                                         
BBB+
 
$
17,000
 
$
17,000
 
$
17,000
 
$
--
 
$
 (16,150
)
$
850
 
0.4
%
BBB
   
86,139
   
74,530
   
75,469
   
--
   
 (67,376
)
 
8,093
 
4.4
 
BBB-
   
300,620
   
267,367
   
271,091
   
--
   
 (241,856
)
 
29,235
 
16.0
 
BB+
   
309,286
   
252,025
   
258,069
   
--
   
 (221,171
)
 
36,898
 
20.2
 
BB
   
288,641
   
230,680
   
237,147
   
--
   
(214,784
)
 
22,363
 
12.2
 
BB-
   
302,145
   
211,989
   
221,542
   
--
   
(199,743
)
 
21,799
 
11.9
 
B+
   
286,434
   
184,166
   
186,724
   
--
   
(169,866
)
 
16,859
 
9.2
 
B
   
177,623
   
100,012
   
92,832
   
--
   
(83,504
)
 
9,328
 
5.1
 
B-
   
209,746
   
93,553
   
84,471
   
--
   
(75,000
)
 
9,470
 
5.2
 
CCC+
   
31,705
   
17,790
   
1,122
   
--
   
--
   
1,122
 
0.6
 
CCC
   
6,826
   
4,197
   
273
   
--
   
--
   
273
 
0.1
 
CCC-
   
16,239
   
7,855
   
4,869
   
--
   
 (4,382
)
 
487
 
0.3
 
Non-rated
   
967,247
   
323,228
   
232,729
   
--
   
 (206,678
)
 
26,051
 
14.4
 
 
Total
 
$
2,999,651
 
$
1,784,392
 
$
1,683,338
 
$
--
 
$
(1,500,510
)
$
182,828
 
100.0
%

(1)
Unrealized losses do not include non-cash impairment charges of $96.0 million we recorded during the year ended December 31, 2008 included in “loss on impairment of assets of consolidated partnerships” (see Note 24).  The impairment was primarily due to increased rates of default within one CMBS trust.  Accreted cost is shown net of this amount.
 
During 2008, one of the CMBS Fund Partnerships and the High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership purchased CMBS investments with a face amount of $100.0 million for a purchase price of $47.5 million.
 
For CMBS investments in an unrealized loss position, the fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by length of time that individual investments have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, is summarized in the table below:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Less than
12 Months
 
12 Months or
More
 
Total
 
 
December 31, 2008
                   
 
Number
   
26
   
297
   
323
 
Fair Value
 
$
19,165
 
$
158,655
 
$
177,820
 
Gross Unrealized loss
 
$
71,714
 
$
1,428,796
 
$
1,500,510
 

 
The unrealized losses are due to liquidity discount as a result of market conditions and we believe do not reflect the credit quality of the underlying assets.  The CMBS Fund Partnerships have the ability and intent to hold these investments until recovery (the Fund Partnerships generally have fixed-rate financing in place which is not dependent upon changes in market values of the underlying assets collateralizing such financing); as such, we have concluded that the decreases in fair value are temporary.
 
 
- 117 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
B.  Retained CMBS Certificates, Available-for-Sale
 
The CMBS Fund Partnerships retain interests in certain securitized assets that they have sold, as well as others purchased in market transactions.  Investments in retained certificates held by these partnerships comprised the amounts noted below as of December 31, 2008:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Face
Amount
 
Purchase
Cost
 
Accreted
Cost(1)
 
Unrealized
Gain
 
Unrealized
Loss(1)
 
Fair Value
 
Percentage
of Fair
Value
 
                                           
Security rating:
                                         
CCC-
 
$
220,326
 
$
124,183
 
$
90,534
 
$
--
 
$
(82,490
)
$
 8,044
 
81.5
%
Non-rated
   
158,680
   
11,674
   
1,587
   
--
   
--
   
 1,587
 
16.1
 
Non-rated IO
   
--
   
5,863
   
3,869
   
--
   
(3,633
)
 
 236
 
2.4
 
 
Total
 
$
379,006
 
$
141,720
 
$
95,990
 
$
--
 
$
(86,123
)
$
 9,867
 
100.0
%

(1)
Unrealized losses do not include non-cash impairment charges of $27.0 million we recorded during the year ended December 31, 2008 and an additional $20.9 million recognized in 2007 included in “loss on impairment of assets of consolidated partnerships” (see Note 24).  One of the CMBS Fund Partnerships is scheduled to liquidate within the next two years and may not be able to hold the assets until recovery.  Accreted cost is shown net of these amounts.
 
At December 31, 2008, the non-rated interest only certificates had a combined notional amount of $1.3 billion.
 
For retained CMBS Certificates in an unrealized loss position, the fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by length of time that individual investments have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, is summarized in the table below:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Less than
12 Months
 
12 Months
or More
 
Total
 
 
December 31, 2008
                   
 
Number
   
2
   
3
   
5
 
Fair Value
 
$
236
 
$
4,778
 
$
5,014
 
Gross Unrealized loss
 
$
3,633
 
$
82,490
 
$
86,123
 
 
 
The unrealized losses are due to liquidity discount as a result of market conditions and we believe do not reflect the credit quality of the underlying assets.  The CMBS Fund Partnerships have the ability and intent to hold these investments until recovery; as such, we have concluded that the decreases in fair value are temporary.
 
As discussed in Note 2, in October 2008, pursuant to the provisions of SFAS 115, we elected to change the accounting classification of our retained CMBS certificates held at one of the CMBS Fund Partnerships from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity (see further discussion in D. Retained CMBS Certificates, Held-to-Maturity below).
 
Fair value of the retained certificates is determined assuming no defaults on the underlying collateral loans and according to the payment terms of the underlying loans, which generally do not allow prepayment without yield maintenance except during the last three months of a loan.  At December 31, 2008, the remaining key assumptions used in measuring fair value and the sensitivity of the current fair value of the retained certificates to potential adverse changes, were as follows:
 
 
- 118 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
           
Expected
Credit Loss
 
Discount Rate
Applied to Cash Flows
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Weighted
Average
Life (yrs)
 
 
Discount Rate
applied to
Cash Flows
 
 
1.0%
CDR(1)
 
 
2.0%
CDR(1)
 
1.0%
Adverse
Change
 
2.0%
Adverse
Change
 
                                   
Security rating:
                                 
CCC-
 
7.84
 
148.66
%
$
7,967
 
$
7,937
 
$
7,918
 
$
7,869
 
Non-rated
 
--
 
594.26
   
1,580
   
1,574
   
1,578
   
1,577
 
Non-rated interest only
 
N/A
 
213.44
   
235
   
235
   
236
   
236
 

(1)
Constant Default Rate
 
These sensitivities are hypothetical changes in fair value and cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the changes in assumption to the changes in fair value may not be linear.  Also, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption is calculated without changing any other assumption, whereas change in one factor may result in changes to another.  Accordingly, no assurance can be given that actual results would be consistent with the results of these estimates.
 
The interest rates on the principal classes range from 2.73% to 4.29% and was zero percent on the interest only classes.  During the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the CMBS Fund Partnerships received $18.8 million, $50.0 million and $15.5 million, respectively, from the retained CMBS certificates.
 
Delinquencies on the collateral loans underlying the retained CMBS certificates totaled 0.6% at December 31, 2008.  At December 31, 2008, actual losses to date were 3.6% of the underlying securitizations, and projected remaining losses are estimated at 22.2% of the underlying securitizations.  At December 31, 2007, actual losses to date were 2.4% of the underlying securitizations, and projected remaining losses were estimated at 23.4% of the underlying securitizations.  At December 31, 2007, actual losses to date were 0.4% of the underlying securitizations, and projected remaining losses were estimated at 25.4% of the underlying securitizations.
 
C.  CDO Debt and Equity, Available-for-Sale
 
The High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership invests in trusts that hold commercial real estate loans and issue CDOs.  CDO debt and equity investments held by this partnership comprised the amounts noted below as of December 31, 2008:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Face
Amount
 
Purchase
Cost
 
Accreted
Cost(1)
 
Unrealized
Gain
 
Unrealized
Loss(1)
 
Fair Value
 
Percentage
of Fair
Value
 
                                           
Security rating:
                                         
BBB
 
$
9,750
 
$
9,442
 
$
9,468
 
$
--
 
$
(8,006
)
$
1,462
 
4.4
%
BBB-
   
28,550
   
26,986
   
14,063
   
--
   
(10,228
)
 
3,835
 
11.6
 
BB+
   
42,300
   
40,041
   
20,765
   
--
   
(15,689
)
 
5,076
 
15.3
 
BB
   
17,413
   
16,342
   
8,938
   
--
   
(6,848
)
 
2,090
 
6.3
 
BB-
   
11,325
   
10,495
   
5,708
   
--
   
(4,349
)
 
1,359
 
4.1
 
B+
   
18,575
   
17,068
   
10,144
   
--
   
(8,286
)
 
1,858
 
5.6
 
B
   
7,124
   
6,286
   
6,343
   
--
   
(5,631
)
 
712
 
2.1
 
B-
   
17,325
   
16,472
   
5,341
   
--
   
(3,608
)
 
1,733
 
5.2
 
Non-rated
   
118,576
   
101,890
   
64,927
   
--
   
(49,863
)
 
15,064
 
45.4
 
 
Total
 
$
270,938
 
$
                      245,022
 
$
145,697
 
$
--
 
$
(112,508
)
$
33,189
 
100.0
%

(1)
Unrealized losses do not include non-cash impairment charges of $101.0 million the High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership recorded during the year ended December 31, 2008 included in “loss on impairment of assets of consolidated partnerships” (see Note 24).  The impairment was primarily due to increased rates of expected default within one of the CDOs.  Accreted cost is shown net of this amount.
 
 
- 119 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
During 2008, the High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership purchased CDO debt and equity investments with a face amount of $165.0 million for a purchase price of $142.0.
 
For CDO debt and equity investments in an unrealized loss position, the fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by length of time that individual investments have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, is summarized in the table below:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Less than
12 Months
 
12 Months
or More
 
Total
 
 
December 31, 2008
                   
 
Number
   
9
   
--
   
9
 
Fair value
 
$
18,223
 
$
--
 
$
18,223
 
Gross unrealized loss
 
$
112,508
 
$
--
 
$
112,508
 

 
The unrealized losses are due to liquidity discount as a result of market conditions and we believe are not reflective of the credit quality of the underlying assets.  The High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership has the ability and intent to hold these investments until recovery; as such, we have concluded that the decreases in fair value are temporary.
 
D.  Retained CMBS Certificates, Held-to-Maturity
 
As discussed above and in Note 2, in October 2008, we elected to change the accounting classification of retained CMBS certificates held at one of the CMBS Fund Partnerships from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity.  Held-to-maturity retained CMBS certificates comprised the amounts noted below as of December 31, 2008:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Face
Amount
 
Purchase
Cost
 
Carrying
Value
 
Unrealized
Gain
 
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair Value
 
Percentage
of Fair
Value
 
                                           
Security rating:
                                         
AAA
 
$
147,900
 
$
142,631
 
$
121,724
 
$
--
 
$
 (90,149
)
$
31,575
 
66.8
%
AA+
   
 51,100
   
48,312
   
37,403
   
--
   
(32,908
)
 
4,495
 
9.6
 
AA
   
 15,400
   
16,514
   
 10,728
   
--
   
(9,958
)
 
770
 
1.6
 
A+
   
 62,600
   
62,723
   
 41,275
   
--
   
(38,145
)
 
3,130
 
6.6
 
A
   
 66,500
   
73,006
   
 39,518
   
--
   
(36,193
)
 
3,325
 
7.0
 
A-
   
 30,700
   
28,054
   
 17,505
   
--
   
(15,970
)
 
 1,535
 
3.2
 
BBB+
   
 49,600
   
44,764
   
 20,807
   
--
   
(18,327
)
 
 2,480
 
5.2
 
 
Total
 
$
423,800
 
$
416,004
 
$
288,960
 
$
--
 
$
(241,650
)
$
47,310
 
100.0
%

 
For CMBS investments in an unrealized loss position, the fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by length of time that individual investments have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, is summarized in the table below:
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Less than
12 Months
 
12 Months or
More
 
Total
 
 
December 31, 2008
                   
 
Number
   
5
   
9
   
14
 
Fair Value
 
$
8,145
 
$
39,165
 
$
47,310
 
Gross Unrealized loss
 
$
69,824
 
$
171,826
 
$
241,650
 

 
The unrealized losses are due to liquidity discount as a result of market conditions and we believe do not reflect the credit quality of the underlying assets.  The CMBS Fund Partnerships have the ability and intent to hold these investments until recovery; as such, we have concluded that the decreases in fair value are temporary.
 
 
- 120 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
There were no sales of CMBS classified as held-to-maturity during 2008.
 
At December 31, 2008, key assumptions used in measuring the fair value in the table above and the sensitivity of the fair value of the retained CMBS certificates to potential adverse changes, were as follows:
 
           
Expected
Credit Loss
 
Discount Rate
Applied to Cash Flows
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Weighted
Average
Life (yrs)
 
Discount
Rate
applied to
Cash Flows
 
 
1.0%
CDR(1)
 
 
2.0%
CDR(1)
 
1.0%
Adverse
Change
 
2.0%
Adverse
Change
 
                                   
Security rating:
                                 
AAA
 
2.35
 
95.64
 
$
30,993
 
$
30,105
 
$
30,624
 
$
30,261
 
AA+
 
3.04
 
135.62
   
4,385
   
4,103
   
4,335
   
4,285
 
AA
 
3.49
 
196.90
   
759
   
759
   
754
   
748
 
A+
 
3.66
 
189.82
   
3,042
   
2,969
   
3,023
   
3,004
 
A
 
4.10
 
220.71
   
3,314
   
3,290
   
3,299
   
3,285
 
A-
 
4.66
 
168.36
   
1,502
   
1,478
   
1,493
   
1,484
 
BBB+
 
6.16
 
185.70
   
2,471
   
2,464
   
2,459
   
2,488
 
 
(1)    Constant Default Rate
 

 
These sensitivities are hypothetical changes in fair value and cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the changes in assumption to the changes in fair value may not be linear.  Also, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption is calculated without changing any other assumption, whereas change in one factor may result in changes to another.  Accordingly, no assurance can be given that actual results would be consistent with the results of these estimates.
 
The interest rate on the principal classes ranges from 4.73 to 8.70% and from zero to 0.86% on the interest only class.  During the year ended December 31, 2008, consolidated partnerships received $26.5 million from the retained CMBS Certificates.
 
At December 31, 2008, there were no delinquencies on the collateral loans underlying the retained certificates, no actual losses to date in the underlying securitizations and no projected remaining losses in the underlying securitizations.
 
E.  Equity Interests in Tax Credit Properties and Due to Property Partnerships
 
The Tax Credit Fund Partnerships invest in low income housing property-level partnerships that generate tax credits.  Neither we nor the Tax Credit Fund Partnerships control these partnerships and, therefore, we do not consolidate them in our financial statements. “Equity interests in tax credit properties” represents the limited partner investments in those property level partnerships, which the Tax Credit Fund Partnerships carry on the equity method of accounting.  The partnership agreements of the property level partnerships stipulate the amount of capital to be funded and the timing of payments of that capital.  “Due to property partnerships” represents the unfunded portion of those capital commitments (see Note 17).
 
F.  Mortgage Loans Held for Investment
 
The High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership invests in various types of loans.  Information regarding those loans is presented in the table below:
 
 
- 121 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 

 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying
Value(1)
 
Allocation by
Product Type
 
Weighted
Average
Yield(2)
 
               
December 31, 2008
             
 
Product Type:
               
Bridge loans, variable rate
 
$
3,308
 
1.6
%
4.43
%
Bridge loans, fixed rate
   
8,525
 
4.2
 
7.71
 
Subordinated notes, variable rate
   
65,364
 
32.6
 
5.59
 
Subordinated notes, fixed rate
   
14,191
 
7.1
 
7.74
 
Mezzanine loans, variable rate
   
46,116
 
23.0
 
3.47
 
Mezzanine loans, fixed rate
   
61,822
 
30.8
 
7.10
 
First mortgage, variable rate
   
1,285
 
0.7
 
5.50
 
 
2008 Total/Average
 
$
200,611
 
100.0
%
5.75
%
                 
December 31, 2007
               
 
Product Type:
               
Bridge loans, variable rate
 
$
12,472
 
3.7
%
7.70
%
Bridge loans, fixed rate
   
43,764
 
13.0
 
7.12
 
Subordinated notes, variable rate
   
20,313
 
6.0
 
7.98
 
Subordinated notes, fixed rate
   
25,807
 
7.7
 
7.93
 
Mezzanine loans, variable rate
   
149,579
 
44.5
 
8.93
 
Mezzanine loans, fixed rate
   
83,033
 
24.7
 
9.79
 
First mortgage, variable rate
   
1,354
 
0.4
 
6.63
 
 
2007 Total/Average
 
$
336,322
 
100.0
%
7.81
%
 
 
(1)    Net of valuation allowance.
(2)    Represents either the fixed rate or the average yield for variable rate loans as of December 31.
 
 
The carrying value of the portfolio reflects a valuation allowance for the impairment of certain loans due to deterioration of the operating performance of the underlying properties.
 
(in thousands)
 
Funded
Amount
 
Valuation
Allowance
 
Carrying
Value
 
                 
December 31, 2008
               
                     
Impaired loans
 
$
112,381
 
$
(98,244
)
$
14,137
 
Loans not impaired
   
186,474
   
--
   
186,474
 
 
Total
 
$
298,855
 
$
(98,244
)
$
200,611
 
                     
December 31, 2007
                   
                     
Impaired loans
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
Loans not impaired
   
336,322
   
--
   
336,322
 
 
Total
 
$
336,322
 
$
--
 
$
336,322
 

 
- 122 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
The components of the change in the valuation allowance were as follows:
 
   
(in thousands)
 
         
Balance at January 1, 2006
 
$
--
 
Additions charged to statement of operations
   
--
 
Balance at December 31, 2007
   
--
 
Additions charged to statement of operations
   
--
 
Direct charge offs net of recoveries
   
--
 
Balance at December 31, 2007
   
--
 
Additions charged to statement of operations (1)
   
98,244
 
Direct charge offs net of recoveries
   
--
 
Balance at December 31, 2008
 
$
98,244
 
 
(1)      Included in “loss on impairment of assets of consolidated partnerships” (see Note 24).  A portion of this amount pertained to properties developed by a related party (see Note 28).
 

 
Mortgage loans held for investment had the following scheduled maturities as of December 31, 2008:
 
Year of Maturity
 
Number of
Loans
Maturing
 
Current
Carrying
Value
(in thousands)
 
             
2009
 
8
 
$
107,651
 
2010
 
5
   
18,962
 
2011
 
4
   
6,625
 
2012
 
1
   
4,637
 
2013
 
--
   
--
 
Thereafter
 
5
   
62,736
 
Total
 
23
 
$
200,611
 

 
G.  Other Assets
 
Assets other than those discussed above include cash, fees and interest receivable, prepaid expenses and operating receivables of the funds.
 
 
NOTE 14 – Notes Payable
 
Notes payable included the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
               
Term loan
 
$
68,884
 
$
140,000
 
Revolving credit facility
   
228,000
   
210,000
 
Mortgage banking warehouse line
   
32,229
   
32,302
 
Multifamily ASAP plus facility
   
14,869
   
58,413
 
Commercial Real Estate lines
   
13,846
   
56,912
 
Syndicated corporate debt warehouse line
   
--
   
5,423
 
Other
   
233
   
2,838
 
 
Total
 
$
358,061
 
$
 
505,888
 
 

 
- 123 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
A.  Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility
 
In August 2006, in connection with our acquisition of Centerline Investors, we entered into a syndicated loan commitment with various lenders and Bank of America, N.A. (“Bank of America”) as agent.  The commitment provided a $250.0 million and a $250.0 million revolving credit facility.
 
In connection with the December 2007 re-securitization transaction (see Note 7), we terminated these agreements and entered into a new credit facility agreement.  The new agreement provided us with a $140.0 million term loan (subject to an increase of up to $10.0 million upon an increase in lenders’ commitments) (the “Term Loan”), and a $225.0 million revolving credit facility (subject to an increase in commitments and was increased to $245.0 million when it was further amended as described below) (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). As we received additional commitments under these facilities, incremental borrowings were required to fund the stabilization escrow associated with the December 2007 re-securitization transaction (see Notes 7 and 10) and to pay costs associated with the transaction (see Note 16).  The terms also required us to obtain permanent equity financing, subsequent to which we issued the 11.0% Preferred shares in January 2008 (see Note 19). All or a portion of the Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility bore  interest at London Interbank Offering Rate (“LIBOR”) plus a margin of 3.00% or a rate based on the prime rate.
 
Due to general market conditions and its impact on our business, we were unable to make the required principal payments under the existing Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility during the fourth quarter of 2008, and as a result, we amended the agreement in December 2008.  The amended agreement contains restrictions on our ability to invest in new business and other provisions, including limitations on:
 
 
·
incurring additional unsecured indebtedness without lender approval;
 
·
declaring and paying dividends (including distributions to minority interests);
 
·
certain new business investment without lender approval; and
 
·
conducting transactions with our affiliates.
 
The Revolving Credit Facility is now comprised of a $220.0 million portion (the “termed-out” portion which must be repaid in full as described below and is not available to be re-borrowed) and a $25.0 million revolving portion which is available for tax credit investments and working capital purposes (as defined in the agreement).
 
We are required to raise a minimum of $5.5 million in cash by collecting or selling assets deemed to be non-core during 2009 and utilize the proceeds of certain other transactions to pay down amounts owed under the facilities.  The outstanding balance on the Term Loan is required to be reduced to $39.0 million by July 15, 2009 and is due in full by December 31, 2009.  The outstanding balance on the termed-out portion of the Revolving Credit Facility is required to be reduced to $190.0 million by June 30, 2010 and is due in full by September 30, 2010.
 
The Term Loan generally bears interest at LIBOR plus 4.50%, while the Revolving Credit Facility bears interest at LIBOR plus 6.00% (which will be reduced to LIBOR plus 5.00% after full repayment of the Term Loan).
 
The weighted average net interest rate was 10.55% as of December 31, 2008 and 7.16% as of December 31, 2007 (rates include the impact of an interest rate swap).
 
The Term Loan and the Revolving Credit Facility require us to satisfy certain financial and other covenants including (as defined in the agreement):
 
 
·
a minimum level of consolidated net worth;
 
·
a minimum ratio of consolidated EBITDA to fixed charges; and
 
·
a minimum ratio of funded debt to consolidated EBITDA.
 
Stock of certain of our subsidiaries and the majority of our assets (see Note 5) are pledged as collateral under the Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility.
 
B.  Mortgage Banking Warehouse Line
 
In May 2008, we entered into a $150.0 million warehouse facility which replaced the facility previously used by our mortgage banking subsidiaries.  The new facility, with the same capacity, matures in May 2009 and bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.0%.  Mortgages financed by such advances (see Note 10) as well as the related servicing and other rights (see Note 11) have been pledged as security under the new facility.  The interest rate on the warehouse line was 1.47% as of December 31, 2008 and 5.56% as of December 31, 2007.  As described in Note 10, all loans securing this facility have firm sale commitments.
 
- 124 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
C.  Multifamily ASAP Plus Facility
 
Under this program with Fannie Mae, mortgage loans are initially funded using the mortgage banking warehouse line described above.  Subsequently, Fannie Mae funds approximately 99% of the loan and CMC funds the remaining 1%.  CMC is later reimbursed by Fannie Mae.  The interest rate on the warehouse line was 1.09% as of December 31, 2008 and 4.71% as of December 31, 2007.
 
D.  Commercial Real Estate Lines
 
At December 31, 2007, we were a party to two repurchase agreements with two counterparties that provided total commitments of $205.0 million, although the maximum amount available to borrow under each facility was limited by the value of the pledged collateral.  During 2008, these agreements were terminated.
 
In November 2008, we entered into a $13.8 million term note arrangement with Bank of America to repay the amount outstanding under one of the repurchase agreements terminated.  The term note is due in December 2009 and bears interest at a fixed rate of 20%.  This term note is secured by CMBS and retained CMBS certificates (see Note 8) whereby all cash flow received from these securities is applied toward accrued but unpaid interest with excess cash flow applied toward outstanding principal indebtedness.
 
E.  Centerline Financial Facilities
 
In June 2006, Centerline Financial entered into a $30.0 million senior debt facility and a $125.0 million mezzanine debt facility, maturing in June 2036.
 
The senior debt facility is provided by Citibank, N.A. (“Citibank”), Natixis Capital Markets Inc. (“Natixis”) and Bank Hapoalim B.M. and it generally bears interest, at our election, at:
 
 
(1)
1.40% plus the higher of
 
a.
the Prime Rate, or
 
b.
the federal funds effective rate, as defined, plus 0.5%; or
 
(2)
LIBOR plus 0.40%.
 
As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, no amounts were outstanding under this facility.
 
During 2008, the mezzanine debt facility was terminated.  We did not draw upon this facility while it was outstanding.
 
F.  Maturities
 
As of December 31, 2008, scheduled maturities related to our notes payable is as follows:
 
   
(in thousands)
 
 
2009
 
$
68,884
 
2010
   
220,000
 
   
$
288,884
 

 
Other than the Term Loan and a portion of the Revolving Credit Facility, notes payable are revolving in nature without contractual payment amounts.
 
G.  Covenants
 
We are subject to customary covenants with respect to our various notes payable, including the covenants described under Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility above.  As of December 31, 2008, we believe we were in compliance with all such covenants.
 
- 125 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
NOTE 15 – Financing Arrangements and Secured Financing
 
Following are the components of financing arrangements and secured financing:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
               
Freddie Mac secured financing
 
$
348,989
 
$
548,227
 
Bond securitizations
   
62,424
   
14,275
 
 
Total
 
$
411,413
 
$
562,502
 

 
A.  Freddie Mac Secured Financing
 
The Freddie Mac secured financing liability relates to mortgage revenue bonds that we re-securitized but for which the transaction was not recognized as a sale. For such assets, a secured financing liability was established, representing the cash proceeds that we received for the bond to offset the asset that remains in our consolidated financial statements.   The liability bears interest at a weighted average rate of 5.84% (which represents the interest on the underlying bonds) and matures in relation to the underlying mortgage revenue bond pools, which can extend to 2049. See Note 7 for further discussion of this balance and changes during 2008.
 
B.  Bond Securitizations
 
During 2008, we repaid one bond securitization in connection with the redemption of the underlying mortgage revenue bond and securitized an additional sixteen bonds (associated with seven properties) with unpaid principal balances of $62.8 million at the securitization date (see Note 8).  The proceeds were utilized for general corporate purposes including repayment of a portion of the Term Loan.
 
C.  Cost of Funds
 
Our annualized cost of funds relating to financing arrangements and the related amount of interest expense were as follows:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
Cost of funds(1)
   
6.10
%
 
4.79
%
 
4.17
%
Interest expense (in millions)(1)
 
$
31.3
 
$
80.4
 
$
68.7
 
 
Rate at December 31, excluding fees:
                   
                     
Freddie Mac secured financing
   
5.84
%
 
5.20
%
 
--
 
Bond securitizations
   
4.25
%
 
5.00
%
 
4.17
%
(1)    Includes the effect of our swaps and, in 2006, incremental costs related to restructuring of our securitization programs.
 

 
- 126 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
NOTE 16 – Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
 
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
               
Deferred revenues
 
$
69,516
 
$
100,610
 
Transaction costs payable
   
30,414
   
35,314
 
Interest rate swaps at fair value (Note 27)
   
40,525
   
50,445
 
Distributions payable
   
2,094
   
41,016
 
Accounts payable
   
16,804
   
15,976
 
Salaries and benefits payable
   
11,781
   
30,513
 
Accrued fund organization and offering expenses
   
6,306
   
8,484
 
Deposits payable
   
100
   
3,760
 
Accrued interest payable
   
4,712
   
1,350
 
Unsettled investment purchases
   
--
   
15,000
 
Income tax reserves (Note 25)
   
2,484
   
3,078
 
Other
   
20,728
   
7,704
 
 
Total
 
$
205,464
 
$
313,250
 

 
A.  Deferred Revenues
 
In connection with our Affordable Housing tax credit fund origination and management businesses, we receive revenues at the time a fund closes associated with origination, property acquisitions, partnership management services and credit intermediation.  These fees are deferred and recognized over various periods as described in Note 2.
 
B.  Transaction Costs Payable
 
In connection with the December 2007 re-securitization transaction (see Note 7) and the establishment of the Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility (see Note 14) we incurred transaction costs that were not paid at the time of closing.  During 2008, a portion of the transaction fees were paid upon receiving additional commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility and after required funding of a stabilization escrow (see Note 10). Under the terms of our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility amended in December 2008, we are limited to making $0.5 million payments on June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2010 (until the Revolving Credit Facility is repaid in full). Amounts outstanding for transaction costs payable bear interest at 11.00% as of December 31, 2008.  Beginning in June 2009, the creditor can convert the balance into our common shares.
 
 
NOTE 17 – Liabilities of Consolidated Partnerships
 
Financial information for the Tax Credit Fund and Property Partnerships is as of September 30, 2008, the most recent date for which information is available.  Information with respect to the CMBS Fund Partnerships and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership is as of December 31, 2008.
 
 
- 127 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
Liabilities of consolidated partnerships consisted of the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
 
2008
 
2007
 
(in thousands)
 
Tax Credit
Fund and
Property
Partnerships
 
 
CMBS and
High-Yield
Debt Fund
Partnerships
 
Total
 
Tax Credit
Fund and
Property
Partnerships
 
CMBS and
High-Yield
Debt Fund
Partnerships
 
Total
 
                                       
                                       
Financing arrangements
 
$
--
 
$
1,121,475
 
$
1,121,475
 
$
--
 
$
1,122,906
 
$
1,122,906
 
Notes payable
   
377,730
   
295,000
   
672,730
   
422,904
   
35,463
   
458,367
 
Repurchase agreements
   
--
   
39,125
   
39,125
   
--
   
416,059
   
416,059
 
Due to property partnerships
   
577,160
   
--
   
577,160
   
970,602
   
--
   
970,602
 
Other liabilities
   
192,508
   
16,156
   
208,664
   
177,979
   
15,041
   
193,020
 
 
Total liabilities of consolidated partnerships
 
$
1,147,398
 
$
1,471,756
 
$
2,619,154
 
$
1,571,485
 
$
1,589,469
 
$
3,160,954
 

 
A.  Financing Arrangements
 
The financing arrangements of the CMBS Fund Partnerships consist of four separate collateralized debt obligation offerings, with weighted average interest rates ranging from 4.7% to 8.7% and weighted average remaining maturities of 4 to 10 years.  All of this debt is recourse to the specific collateral and non-recourse to the CMBS Fund Partnerships and to us.
 
In August 2007, two of our CMBS Fund Partnerships re-securitized $985.9 million in face amount of CMBS certificates, having a fair value of $593.6 million, into a collateralized debt obligation offering and issued $435.0 million in face amount of notes with fixed rate coupons with a weighted average of 6.38%.  The proceeds were utilized to repay $295.5 million of variable-rate repurchase agreements and the balance was returned to the investors in the partnerships.
 
B.  Notes Payable
 
Of the Tax Credit Fund Partnerships notes payable at December 31, 2008, $214.7 million are collateralized by equity subscriptions of certain equity partners of the investment funds.  Under the partnership agreements, the equity partners are also obligated to pay the principal and interest on the notes.  Of the remaining balance, $163.0 million is collateralized with the underlying properties of the consolidated operating partnerships.  All of this debt is non-recourse to us.
 
In February 2008, one of the CMBS Fund Partnerships received loans of $295.0 million from certain members of the fund (excluding $22.3 million from us which is eliminated in consolidation).  The loans are for a two year term, subject to two one-year extensions upon approval of all lenders (excluding us) and bear interest at a fixed rate of 14.0% (and a portion may be paid-in-kind although the fund has paid all interest in cash to date).  Proceeds from the loan were used to repay all outstanding repurchase agreement and subscription line financing of the CMBS Fund Partnership and to repay other loans we had made to the Fund Partnership.  In connection with the repayment of the outstanding repurchase agreement financing, certain interest rate swaps were terminated (see Note 27).  The net amount owed to us was $13.5 million as of December 31, 2007 and $27.1 million as of December 31, 2008.
 
At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership had no borrowings outstanding under a subscription line facility and had the ability to borrow $18.7 million.  The subscription line facility, which was amended in February 2008, expires in 2010 and had an interest rate of LIBOR plus 0.7% at December 31, 2008.
 
 
- 128 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
C.  Repurchase Agreements
 
Repurchase facilities of the Consolidated Partnerships consisted of the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
 
2008
 
2007
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
Total
Commitments
 
Outstanding
Balance
 
Fair Value of
Collateral
 
Total
Commitments
 
Outstanding
Balance
 
Fair Value of
Collateral
 
                                       
                                       
CMBS Fund Partnerships
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
$
784,100
 
$
318,629
 
$
622,449
 
                                       
Weighted average interest rate
                           
5.4% to 6.3%
       
                                       
High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership
   
228,000
   
39,125
   
73,926
   
350,000
   
97,430
   
194,623
 
                                       
Weighted average interest rate
         
2.9% to 5.0%
               
6.0% to 6.4%
       
 
Total borrowings
 
$
228,000
 
$
39,125
 
$
73,926
 
$
1,134,100
 
$
416,059
 
$
817,072
 

 
As of December 31, 2007, the CMBS Fund Partnerships had six repurchase agreement facilities with four counterparties.  During 2008, all of the agreements were terminated and any amounts outstanding were repaid prior to termination.
 
The High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership has commitments from three separate repurchase agreement facilities with Bank of America and subsidiaries of J.P Morgan.  Borrowings as of December 31, 2008, had weighted average remaining maturities of four days and the partnership did not have the ability to make any additional borrowings without pledging additional collateral.  In July 2008, the High Yield Debt Fund Partnership’s $150.0 million-capacity repurchase agreement with Morgan Stanley Bank was terminated and the outstanding balance was repaid.  In connection with the repayment of the outstanding repurchase agreement financing, certain interest rate swaps were terminated (see Note 27).   In November 2008, the High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership entered into a repurchase agreement with Bank of America with total commitments of $28.0 million.
 
D.  Due to Property Partnerships
 
The liability reflects the unfunded portion of capital commitments made by Tax Credit Fund Partnerships to acquire equity investments in property partnerships (see Notes 9 and 13).
 
E.  Other Liabilities
 
Liabilities other than those discussed above include interest, distributions, operating accruals and the fair value of interest rate derivatives.
 
 
- 129 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
NOTE 18 – Subsidiary Equity
 
A.  Preferred Shares of a Subsidiary – Subject to Mandatory Repurchase
 
We have issued multiple series of Cumulative Preferred Shares, which are subject to mandatory repurchase, through Equity Issuer.
 
Preferred Series
 
Date of
Issuance
 
Mandatory
Tender
 
Mandatory
Repurchase
 
Number of
Shares
 
Liquidation
Preference
per Share
 
Total Face
Amount
 
Dividend
Rate
                   
(in thousands)
     
Series A
 
June 1999
 
July 2009
 
July 2049
 
45
 
$
2,000
 
$
90,000
 
6.625
%
Series A-1
 
July 2000
 
July 2009
 
July 2049
 
48
   
500
   
24,000
 
7.100
%
Series A-2
 
October 2001
 
July 2009
 
July 2049
 
62
   
500
   
31,000
 
6.300
%
Series A-3
 
June 2002
 
November 2014
 
November 2052
 
60
   
500
   
30,000
 
6.800
%
Series B
 
July 2000
 
December 2010
 
December 2050
 
110
   
500
   
55,000
 
7.600
%
Series B-1
 
October 2001
 
December 2010
 
December 2050
 
37
   
500
   
18,500
 
6.800
%
Series B-2
 
June 2002
 
November 2014
 
November 2052
 
50
   
500
   
25,000
 
7.200
%
Total
                       
$
273,500
     

 
We collectively refer to the Series A Cumulative Preferred Shares, Series A-1 Cumulative Preferred Shares, Series A-2 Cumulative Preferred Shares and Series A-3 Cumulative Preferred Shares as the “Series A Shares.”  We collectively refer to the Series B Subordinate Cumulative Preferred Shares, Series B-1 Subordinate Cumulative Preferred Shares and Series B-2 Subordinate Cumulative Preferred Shares as the “Series B Shares.”  We also collectively refer to the Series A Shares and the Series B Shares as the “Preferred Shares.”
 
The Series A Shares all have identical terms except as to the distribution commencement date and other terms listed in the table above.  Likewise, the Series B Shares all have identical terms, except as to the distribution commencement date and other terms listed in the table above.  The Preferred Shares are subject to mandatory tender for remarketing and purchase on such dates and each remarketing date thereafter at their respective liquidation amounts plus all distributions accrued but unpaid.  Each holder of the Preferred Shares will be required to tender its shares on the dates listed above, unless Equity Issuer decides to remarket them.  Unless Equity Issuer has determined to redeem them, holders of the Preferred Shares may elect to retain their shares upon remarketing, with a new distribution rate to be determined at that time by the remarketing agent.  After the mandatory tender date for a series, Equity Issuer may redeem the Preferred Shares of that series, subject to certain conditions.  The Preferred Shares are not convertible into our common shares.
 
If any series of Preferred Shares remains outstanding on or after May 15, 2019, the Preferred Shareholders of such series may direct Equity Issuer to sell the Series A-1 Freddie Mac certificates (retained in connection with the December 2007 re-securitization transaction discussed in Note 7) to Freddie Mac in return for the retirement of the subject series of Preferred Shares.
 
The Preferred Shares have annual preferred dividends payable monthly in arrears upon declaration by our Board of Trustees, but only to the extent of tax-exempt net income for the particular month.  With respect to payment of distributions and amounts upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our Company, the Series A Shares rank, senior to:
 
 
·
all classes or series of Convertible CRA Shares (see Notes 19 and 20);
 
·
all Series B shares; and
 
·
our common shares.
 
With respect to payment of distributions and amounts upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our Company, the Series B Shares rank senior to our Convertible CRA Shares and common shares.
 
Equity Issuer may not pay any distributions to the parent trust until it has either paid all Preferred Share distributions, or in the case of the next following distribution payment date, set aside funds sufficient for payment.  Since issuance of the Preferred Shares, all distributions have been declared at each stated annualized dividend rate for each respective series and all distributions due have been paid.
 
Equity Issuer is subject to, among others, the following covenants with respect to the Preferred Shares:
 
 
- 130 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
Tax-Exempt Interest and Distribution
 
Equity Issuer may only acquire investments, other than investments acquired pursuant to a certain preferred trust contribution agreement, that it reasonably believes will generate interest and distributions excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes.  As soon as commercially practicable, Equity Issuer will dispose of any investment if its interest becomes includable in gross income for federal income tax purposes, for any reason.  Equity Issuer may not dispose of the Series A-1 Freddie Mac certificates except in connection with a redemption of the Preferred Shares or if directed by the Preferred Shareholders after May 15, 2019 as discussed above.
 
Leverage
 
Equity Issuer will not, and will not permit any of its subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, incur any obligation.
 
Failure to Pay Distributions
 
If Equity Issuer has not paid, in full, eighteen consecutive monthly distributions on the Preferred Shares, it is required to reconstitute its board of trustees so that a majority of the board of trustees consists of trustees who are independent with respect to Equity Issuer, Centerline and CAHA.
 
Allocation of Taxable Interest Income and Market Discount
 
Equity Issuer will specifically allocate taxable interest income and market discount that is taxable as ordinary income to us.  Market discount, if any, may arise where Equity Issuer acquires a bond other than upon its original issuance for less than its stated redemption price at maturity and the difference is greater than a minor amount (generally ¼ of 1% of a bond’s stated redemption price at maturity multiplied by the number of complete years to maturity).
 
Limitation on Issuance of Preferred Equity Interests
 
Pursuant to a consent solicitation agreement with the Preferred Shareholders at the time of the December 2007 re-securitization transaction (see Note 7), Equity Issuer may not issue any additional preferred equity interests.
 
B.  Preferred Shares of a Subsidiary – Not Subject to Mandatory Repurchase
 
Equity Issuer issued the following Cumulative Preferred Shares, which are not subject to mandatory repurchase:
 
Preferred Series
 
Date of
Issuance
 
Mandatory
Tender
 
Number of
Shares
 
Liquidation
Preference per
Share
 
Total Face
Amount
(in thousands)
 
Dividend
Rate
 
Series A-4-1
 
May 2004
 
 
May 2015
 
60
 
$
500
 
$
30,000
 
5.75
%
Series A-4-2
 
May 2004
 
May 2019
 
58
   
500
   
29,000
 
6.00
%
Series B-3-1
 
May 2004
 
May 2015
 
50
   
500
   
25,000
 
6.00
%
Series B-3-2
 
May 2004
 
May 2019
 
40
   
500
   
20,000
 
6.30
%
 
Total
                   
$
104,000
     

 
Shareholders are required to tender their shares for remarketing.  Equity Issuer may (but is not required to) redeem these shares at any time after the mandatory tender dates.
 
Except for the absence of a mandatory repurchase feature (and for specific terms enumerated in the table above),
 
 
·
the Series A-4-1and Series A-4-2 shares have the same characteristics as the Series A Shares described above; and
 
·
the Series B-3-1 and Series B-3-2 shares have the same characteristics as the Series B Shares described above.
 
 
- 131 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
C.  Minority Interests
 
Minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries consisted of the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
               
Convertible SCUs of a subsidiary; 13,131 outstanding in 2008 and 14,298 outstanding in 2007
 
$
64,318
 
$
165,717
 
Convertible Special Common Interests (“SCIs”) of a subsidiary; 268 outstanding in 2008 and 2007
   
2,611
   
3,984
 
Other
   
8,151
   
7,015
 
 
Total
 
$
75,080
 
$
176,716
 

 
(Loss) income allocated to minority interests, net of tax, was as follows:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
SCUs
 
$
(92,685
)
$
(23,852
)
$
16,131
 
SCIs
   
(1,269
)
 
(313
)
 
80
 
SMUs
   
--
   
(296
)
 
102
 
Other
   
(363
)
 
350
   
(219
)
 
Total
 
$
(94,317
)
$
(24,111
)
$
16,094
 

 
SCUs
 
In connection with our acquisition of CAHA, our subsidiary issued membership interests in the form of 16.1 million SCUs.  SCU holders are entitled to distributions at the same time as, and only if, we pay distributions on our common shares.  SCU distributions are calculated as the amount of common share distributions divided by 0.72, to adjust for the taxable nature of the income comprising the SCU distributions.  SCU distributions are payable only to the extent of the subsidiary’s cash flow, supplemented by a loan of all but $5.0 million from the parent trust in the event of a shortfall.  Any remaining shortfall will accrue interest at a market rate and will only be payable at the time the subsidiary has sufficient cash flow.
 
Each holder of SCUs has the right to:
 
 
·
exchange all or a portion of their SCUs for cash; and
 
·
receive cash for any accrued but unpaid distributions with respect to SCUs exchanged (not including accrued and unpaid distributions for the quarterly period in which the exchange occurs).
 
Instead of cash, we may, at our discretion, exchange the SCUs (and any accrued but unpaid distributions) for common shares on a one-for-one basis, subject to anti-dilution adjustments.  We would issue the common shares at a price equal to the average closing market price of our common shares for the five consecutive trading days prior to the date when we receive notice of intent to convert.  Our subsidiary may not pay any distributions to the parent trust until it has paid all SCU distributions.  Through December 31, 2008, all SCU distributions have been paid.
 
SCIs
 
In connection with our acquisition of Centerline Investors in August 2006, our subsidiary issued membership interests in the form of approximately 268,000 SCIs.  SCI holders are entitled to distributions at the same time as, and only if, we pay distributions on our common shares.  SCI distributions are initially $1.72 per year, subject to an adjustment in the amount of 95% of the percentage increases or decreases in the dividends paid by us on our common shares.
 
 
- 132 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
Each holder of SCIs has the right to:
 
 
·
exchange all or a portion of their SCIs for cash; and
 
·
receive cash for any accrued but unpaid distributions with respect to SCIs exchanged (not including accrued and unpaid distributions for the quarterly period in which the exchange occurs).
 
Instead of cash, we may, at our discretion, exchange the SCIs (and any accrued but unpaid distributions) for common shares on a one-for-one basis, subject to anti-dilution adjustments.  We would issue the common shares at a price equal to the average closing market price of our common shares for the five consecutive trading days prior to the date when we receive notice of intent to convert.
 
SMUs
 
SMUs were issued in connection with Commercial Real Estate acquisitions in 2005 and 2006.  They had similar features to SCUs and SCIs except that SMU distributions were initially $1.69 per year, subject to adjustment in the amount of 95% of the percentage increases or decreases in the dividends paid by us on the common shares.  During 2007, all remaining SMUs were converted to common shares.
 
Redemptions
 
Holders of subsidiary equity units redeemed holdings as follows:
 
Year
     
Number
Redeemed
 
Common
Shares Issued
 
Cash Paid
 
               
(in thousands)
 
 
2006
 
SCUs
 
60,000
 
20,000
 
$
723
 
   
SMUs
 
75,000
 
75,000
   
--
 
                     
2007
 
SCUs
 
528,000
 
--
 
$
7,066
(1)
   
SMUs
 
278,000
 
278,000
   
--
 
                     
2008
 
SCUs
 
1,166,120
 
1,166,120
 
$
--
 
 
(1)    Of this amount, $3.8 million related to shares redeemed as of December 31, 2007, and was paid in January 2008.
 

 
Additionally, in 2007, in connection with the closure of CharterMac Real Estate Securities, we cancelled 114,000 SMUs and 72,000 others were returned to us.  We reversed the aggregate amount of $4.1 million from minority interests and reduced goodwill.
 
Other
 
“Other” minority interests at December 31, 2008 and 2007, primarily represent the 10% interest in Centerline Financial owned by Natixis.  Natixis has been issued warrants which, generally, may be exercised beginning June 2009, and if exercised, would increase Natixis’ ownership percentage to 19%.
 
 
- 133 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
NOTE 19 – Redeemable Securities
 
Redeemable securities consisted of the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
 
2008
 
2007
 
Series
 
Carrying
Value
 
Number of
Shares
 
 
Number of
Common
Chares if
Converted
 
Carrying
Value
 
Number of
Shares
 
Number of
Common
Shares if
Converted
 
 
Convertible Redeemable CRA Shares
 
$
89,273
 
5,682
 
5,617
 
$
13,893
 
974
 
652
 
Redeemable CRA Shares
   
4,668
 
271
 
--
   
4,502
 
271
 
--
 
Convertible Redeemable CRA Preferred Shares
   
50,291
 
1,060
 
1,916
   
--
 
--
 
--
 
Redeemable CRA Preferred Shares
   
52,774
 
1,100
 
--
   
51,493
 
1,100
 
--
 
11.0% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Shares
   
129,373
 
11,214
 
12,205
   
--
 
--
 
--
 
 
Total
 
$
326,379
 
19,327
 
19,738
 
$
69,888
 
2,345
 
652
 

 
A.  Redeemable CRA Shares
 
We previously issued Convertible CRA Preferred Shares (“Convertible CRA shares”) and 4.4% Cumulative Perpetual Convertible CRA Preferred Shares (“CRA Preferred Shares”) (See Note 20).  In December 2007 and in 2008, we entered into option agreements with certain holders of these classes of shares.
 
The option agreements provide that:
 
 
·
we have the option to repurchase the shares for the original gross issuance price per share (plus accumulated and unpaid distributions) at any time from the date of the agreement; and
 
·
if we do not repurchase the shares by certain dates, the shareholders have the option to require us to purchase the shares for the original gross issuance price per share (plus accumulated and unpaid distributions).
 
In addition, the ability of certain shareholders to convert the shares to common shares is eliminated and in the case of the CRA Preferred Shares, the agreements also increase the dividend rate on the shares from 4.4% to 5.2% (now “Redeemable CRA Shares” and “Redeemable CRA Preferred Shares”).  The shares for which the conversion was not eliminated are referred to as “Convertible Redeemable CRA Shares”.
 
Although not mandatorily redeemable, the shareholders now have the option to require us to purchase these shares in the future.  As such, we reclassified the shares outside of permanent equity into mezzanine equity section at fair value and recorded a charge to shareholders’ equity for the difference between that fair value and the carrying basis of the shares.  Subsequently, we amortize the difference between the fair value as of the execution date and the future redemption price as a reduction of shareholders’ equity.  The charge to shareholders’ equity was $16.9 million in 2008 and $3.4 million in 2007.
 
Beginning July 2008, the Convertible Redeemable CRA Preferred Shares are convertible into our common shares at the option of their holders at a conversion rate of approximately 1.81 common shares each (a total of 1.9 million common shares), subject to conversion adjustment conditions.  Also beginning July 2008, we may redeem the shares at a price equal to their liquidation amount plus any accrued and unpaid distributions.  The shares are also subject to remarketing provisions beginning in July 2015.
 
In 2008, $0.1 million of the Convertible Redeemable CRA Shares were converted into the same number of common shares.
 
Under the Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility amended in December 2008 (see Note 14), we are restricted from paying dividends on these shares as long as the facilities are outstanding.  As of December 31, 2008, dividends in arrears related to the Redeemable CRA Preferred Shares and Convertible Redeemable CRA Preferred Shares were $1.4 million.
 
 
- 134 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
In addition, the option agreements are not exercisable as long as there are dividends in arrears related to Redeemable Preferred Shares or the 11.0% Preferred Shares (see below).
 
B.  11.0% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Shares
 
In January 2008, we issued 11.2 million shares of 11.0% Preferred Shares in a private placement.  The issue was purchased by an affiliate of The Related Companies, LP (“TRCLP”), a company controlled by our Chairman.  The shares have a liquidation preference of $11.70 per share, are convertible into 12.2 million common shares and are entitled to voting rights as if converted into common shares.  Proceeds of the issuance were $129.4 million, net of offering costs of $1.8 million.
 
In March 2008, we commenced a rights offering that entitled shareholders to purchase these shares, with the TRCLP affiliate retaining all shares not purchased as part of the rights offering.  The rights offering concluded in April 2008; shareholders purchased 0.4 million shares for $4.4 million and we redeemed the same number of shares from the TRCLP affiliate.
 
The 11.0% Preferred Shares are mandatorily redeemable in January 2018.  Under certain conditions, we may force conversion into our common shares beginning January 2013; otherwise, if certain events occur, the holders may redeem the shares prior to the mandatory redemption date.  As such, we classify the shares outside of permanent equity.
 
In 2008, 2,665 of the 11.0% Preferred Shares were converted into 2,900 common shares.
 
Under the Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility amended in December 2008 (see Note 14), we are restricted from paying dividends on these shares.  As of December 31, 2008, dividends in arrears were $3.6 million.
 
 
NOTE 20 – Shareholders’ Equity
 
A. Special Preferred Voting Shares
 
Each holder of SCUs (see Note 18) also holds one special preferred voting share (at a par value of $0.01 per share) for each SCU.  The special preferred voting shares have no economic interest, but entitle the holder to vote, on a one-for-one basis, on all matters subject to a vote of our common shareholders.  We have the right to require that each special preferred voting share be redeemed at par and cancelled simultaneously upon the exchange of an SCU by its holder into cash or a common share.  Other than the payment of $0.01 per share upon redemption of the special preferred voting shares or the liquidation of our Company, the special preferred voting shares are not entitled to any distributions or other economic rights.
 
As selling principals of CAHA, Stephen M. Ross (our Chairman) and Marc D. Schnitzer (our Chief Executive Officer and President) entered into a voting agreement which governs the voting of all of their:
 
 
·
special preferred voting shares,
 
·
common shares issuable upon exchange of their SCUs, and
 
·
any other common shares currently owned or which may be acquired by them in the future.
 
The voting agreement provides that the selling principals of CAHA will:
 
 
·
vote their common shares or special preferred voting shares in favor of the election of any independent trustee approved by our Board of Trustees or in the same proportion as the unaffiliated holders of our common shares vote in such election (this excludes the 11.0% Preferred Shares owned by an affiliate of TRCLP); and
 
·
not exercise any right as shareholder of our Company to nominate any independent trustee.
 
Similar voting agreements with other selling principals of CAHA expired when their employment with us ended.  Mr. Schnitzer’s agreement will terminate at the time he is no longer an employee, officer, or trustee of our Company.  The voting agreement with respect to Mr. Ross will remain in effect as long as he owns any of our special preferred voting shares or common shares.  As of December 31, 2008, 11.1 million voting shares were subject to this agreement.
 
B.  Convertible CRA Shares
 
Our Convertible Community Reinvestment Act Preferred Shares (“Convertible CRA Shares”) initially were intended to enable financial institutions to receive certain regulatory benefits in connection with their investment.  We developed a proprietary method for allocating these regulatory benefits to specific financial institutions that invest in the Convertible CRA Shares.  As a result of the December 2007 re-securitization transaction (see Note 7), we do not believe that these shares will continue to qualify for credits under the Community Reinvestment Act.  Other than the preferred allocation of regulatory benefits, the preferred investors receive the same economic benefits as our common shareholders including:
 
 
- 135 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
 
·
receipt of the same dividends per share;
 
·
pro rata allocation of earnings between the two classes of shares;  and
 
·
equal ranking with the common shares with respect to rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our Company.
 
The Convertible CRA Shares have no voting rights, except on matters relating to the terms of the Convertible CRA Shares or to amendments to our Trust Agreement that would adversely affect the Convertible CRA Shares.
 
For Convertible CRA shares issued prior to 2002, the investors have the option to convert their shares into common shares at  predetermined conversion rates.  For Convertible CRA Shares issued in 2002 and later, conversion into common shares is on a one-for-one basis.  Upon conversion, the investors would no longer be entitled to a special allocation of the regulatory benefit.
 
Beginning in December 2007, we entered into option agreements with certain of the Convertible CRA shareholders (see Note 19).  In connection with these agreements, we reclassified the shares as mezzanine equity at an aggregate fair value of $18.4 million in 2007 for those entered into during 2007, and $75.5 million in 2008 for those entered into during 2008.
 
We had the following Convertible CRA Shares outstanding:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
 
Convertible CRA Shares issued prior to 2002
 
--
 
291
 
Convertible CRA Shares issued 2002 and later
 
519
 
5,015
 
Total outstanding
 
519
 
5,306
 
Common shares issuable upon conversion
 
519
 
5,297
 

 
C.  4.4% Convertible CRA Preferred Shares
 
Our 4.4% Cumulative Perpetual Convertible CRA Preferred Shares (“4.4% Convertible CRA Preferred Shares”) have the same CRA related benefits of the Convertible CRA Shares and likewise have no voting rights except on certain matters relating to the terms of the 4.4% Convertible CRA Preferred Shares or to amendments to our Trust Agreement which would adversely affect the 4.4% Convertible CRA Preferred Shares.  The shares rank senior to our common shares and the Convertible CRA Shares with respect to rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our Company.  They rank senior to our common shares and the Convertible CRA Shares with respect to distributions, which are cumulative and fixed at 4.4% of the liquidation amount of $50 per share.  The shares have no stated maturity.
 
Beginning in December 2007, we entered into option agreements with all of the Convertible CRA shareholders (see Note 19).  In connection with these agreements, we reclassified the shares as mezzanine equity at an aggregate fair value of $51.5 million in 2007 for those entered into during 2007, and $51.6 million for those entered into during 2008.
 
D.  Dividend Reinvestment Plan
 
In May 2000, we implemented a dividend reinvestment and common share purchase plan.  Under this plan, common shareholders may elect to have their distributions automatically reinvested in additional common shares at a price equal to the average of the high and low market price from the previous day’s trading, and make cash payments for further investment.  As of December 31, 2008, there were 164,000 shares participating in the plan, which represented 324 investors.
 
E.  Repurchases
 
The Board of Trustees has authorized the implementation of a common share repurchase plan, enabling us to repurchase, from time to time, up to 3.0 million common shares.  This plan has no expiration date.  The repurchases are made in the open market and the timing is dependent on the availability of common shares and other market conditions.  In connection with our Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility (see Note 14), we are restricted from repurchasing our shares during the term of such facility.
 
 
- 136 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
In addition to the repurchase plan, we may repurchase shares from employees in connection with tax withholding requirements upon vesting of restricted share grants.  We account for repurchased common shares as treasury shares of beneficial interest.  These repurchases are not subject to the Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility restrictions described above.
 
We repurchased shares as follows, including shares we purchased via employee withholdings:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
Number of shares
   
316
   
1,972
   
1,082
 
Cost, including commissions and service charges
 
$
972
 
$
36,294
 
$
20,883
 

 
All repurchases during 2008 were in connection with employee withholdings and there were no repurchases made under the repurchase plan.
 
Although additional shares may be repurchased in 2009 in connection with tax withholding requirements upon vesting of restricted share grants, we are unable to estimate how many.  Additionally, as part of the rights offering described in Note 19, we repurchased and reissued 0.4 million of the 11.0% Preferred Shares.
 
F.  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income were as follows:
 
(in thousands)
 
Net Unrealized
Gain/(Loss) on
Available-for-
Sale Securities,
Net of Tax
 
Net Unrealized
Gain/(Loss) on
Derivatives,
Net of Tax
 
Net Unrealized
Gain/(Loss) of
Equity
Investees(1)
 
Net Unrealized
Loss
Attributable to Minority Interests in Consolidated Partnerships
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
                                 
Balance at January 1, 2006
 
$
96,804
 
$
3,300
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
$
100,104
 
Unrealized gains (losses), net
   
(35,691
)
 
(3,513
)
 
1,832
   
--
   
(37,372
)
Tax effect
   
243
   
(244
)
 
--
   
--
   
(1)
 
Reclassification to net income
   
4,132
   
--
   
--
   
--
   
4,132
 
Balance at December 31, 2006
   
65,488
   
(457
)
 
1,832
   
--
   
66,863
 
Unrealized gains (losses), net
   
(86,392
)
 
(13,885
)
 
(63,295
)
 
--
   
(163,572
)
Tax effect
   
(1,575
)
 
244
   
--
   
--
   
(1,331
)
Net unrealized losses of Consolidated Partnerships in excess of minority interest balances
   
--
   
--
   
--
   
(27,654
)
 
(27,654
)
Reclassification to net income
   
19,790
   
--
   
--
   
--
   
(19,790
)
Balance at December 31, 2007
   
(2,689
)
 
(14,098
)
 
(61,463
)
 
(27,654
)
 
(105,904
)
Unrealized gains (losses), net
   
(122,830
)
 
253
   
(93,830
)
 
--
   
(216,407
)
Tax effect
   
(1,160
)
 
1,160
   
--
   
--
   
--
 
Net unrealized losses of Consolidated Partnerships in excess of minority interest balances s
   
--
   
--
   
--
   
(867,057
)
 
(867,057
)
Reclassification to net income
   
29,077
   
2,221
   
13,948
   
--
   
45,246
 
Balance at December 31, 2008
 
$
(97,602
)
$
(10,464
)
$
(141,345
)
$
(894,711
)
$
(1,144,122
)

(1)
Excluding amounts absorbed after minority interests in Consolidated Partnerships were reduced to zero balances.
 
 
- 137 -


 
CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
NOTE 21 – General and Administrative Expenses
 
General and administrative expenses consisted of the following:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
Salaries and benefits
 
$
87,322
 
$
116,764
 
$
94,916
 
Other:
                   
Professional fees
   
16,259
   
13,510
   
14,403
 
Tax Credit Fund origination and property acquisition
   
4,480
   
8,370
   
12,338
 
Rent expense
   
17,521
   
8,937
   
9,219
 
Bad debt reserves
   
7,237
   
4,913
   
6,557
 
Computer-related expense
   
4,087
   
3,683
   
1,132
 
Miscellaneous
   
28,122
   
26,307
   
22,221
 
 
Total
 
$
165,028
 
$
182,484
 
$
160,786
 

 
NOTE 22 – Loss on Impairment of Assets
 
Loss on impairment of assets consisted of the following:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
 (in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
Available-for-sale investments (see Note 8):
                   
Mortgage revenue bonds
 
$
10,928
 
$
19,933
 
$
4,676
 
Series B Freddie Mac certificates
   
7,968
   
--
   
--
 
Retained CMBS certificates
   
10,736
   
--
   
--
 
Marketable and other securities
   
2,848
   
75
   
--
 
Furniture, fixtures and leasehold improvements
(see Note 12)
   
15,892
   
--
   
--
 
Other
   
563
   
--
   
327
 
 
Total
 
$
48,935
 
$
20,008
 
$
5,003
 

 
A.  Mortgage Revenue Bonds
 
During 2008, we recognized $10.9 million of mortgage revenue bond impairment charges.  Of the amount recorded, $7.2 million represented losses for two bonds in expectation of their sale during the third quarter, while $3.7 million relates to one bond whose impairment resulted from substandard performance at the underlying property.
 
During 2007, we recognized $19.9 million of mortgage revenue bond impairment charges.  Of this amount, $13.7 million, recognized in the first quarter of 2007, related to the change in our strategy in recovering investments associated with troubled developers (see discussion under PRS/CRG/ERC in Note 30) and resultant changes in cash flow assumptions.  The other impairments resulted from substandard performance at the underlying properties.
 
During 2006, we recognized $4.7 million of mortgage revenue bond impairment charges in light of substandard performance at seven underlying properties.  For one of the properties, we reached an agreement with the general partner whereby he relinquished control of the property, and for two others we revised the terms of the bonds to reduce the interest rates.
 
B.  Series B Freddie Mac Certificates
 
During 2008, a reduction in the value of the Series B Freddie Mac Certificates resulted from revised estimates as to the timing of payments from the residual cash flows with respect to assumed defaults.  While the revised estimates did not reduce the gross expected losses, in accordance with EITF 99-20, we reflected the reduction in fair value as an impairment charge of $8.0 million.
 
 
- 138 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
 
C. Retained CMBS Certificates
 
The $10.7 million relates to the AAA interest only and non-rated interest only retained CMBS certificates which have experienced losses related to the underlying assets.
 
D. Marketable and Other Securities
 
During 2007, our Credit Risk Products group expanded its product lines to include acquisition of syndicated corporate debt; however, due to subsequent market conditions we sold most of the investments throughout 2008 resulting in recognized losses of $2.8 million.
 
E.  Furniture, Fixtures and Leasehold Improvements
 
This $15.9 million represents amounts recorded for leasehold improvements related to the lease of office space we no longer plan to occupy.  Upon that determination, we wrote-off the carrying value of those assets.
 
 
NOTE 23 – Share-Based Compensation
 
A.  The Plan
 
In June 2007, our shareholders approved the 2007 Incentive Share Plan (the “Plan”), which replaced our then existing Amended and Restated Incentive Share Plan.
 
The purpose of the Plan is designed to attract, retain and motivate eligible persons and to provide incentives and rewards for superior performance.
 
The Plan allows for the issuance of share options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units, unrestricted shares, deferred share units, and performance awards (collectively, the “Awards”) to eligible persons.
 
The Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) of our Board of Trustees administers the Plan.  Pursuant to the Plan, the maximum number of common shares that may be awarded is the lesser of:
 
 
·
10% of the number of total shares outstanding (as defined in the Plan) as of December 31 preceding issuances of such awards; or
 
·
the limits prescribed by the national security exchange or national quotation system on which the shares may then be listed.
 
The Committee will grant Awards under the Plan at its discretion, and it has established the 2007 Outperformance Program (“2007 OPP”), and two Annual Incentive Bonus Programs (denominated as “A” and “B”) that provide for future Awards on terms the Committee has established.  At this time, we cannot determine the amount or dollar value of Awards to be provided under any of these programs because they depend on our future performance, and because individual allocations are discretionary for each program.
 
B.  Outperformance Program
 
Under the 2007 OPP, Award recipients will share in a performance pool if our total return to shareholders over the three-year period from January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2009 exceeds 37.5%.  The size of the pool will be 11.0% of the outperformance return amount in excess of the 37.5% benchmark, subject to a maximum pool of $25.0 million.  The outperformance pool will be paid to participants in the form of restricted share awards which will vest 50% on each of December 31, 2010 and 2011, subject to the participant’s continued employment, except as otherwise provided in the 2007 OPP.  We account for OPP Awards as equity awards pursuant to SFAS 123 (R).  Grants under this program in 2007 had grant date values of $0.7 million.  There were no grants in 2008.
 
C.  Annual Incentive Bonus Programs
 
The Annual Incentive Bonus Programs establish cash bonus pools for the payment of annual bonuses of cash and restricted shares to eligible persons.
 
 
- 139 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
D.  Share Options
 
All options granted have an exercise price equal to or greater than the market price of our common shares on the grant date.  The maximum option term is ten years from the date of grant and options granted pursuant to the Plan may vest immediately upon issuance or over a period determined by our compensation committee.
 
We granted the following options:
 
Year
 
Number
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
 
Weighted
Average Term
 
Weighted
Average
Vesting Period
 
                     
2008
 
--
 
$
--
 
--
 
--
 
2007
 
984,349
 
$
19.06
 
10.0 years
 
1.3 years
 
2006
 
544,000
 
$
21.78
 
7.4 years
 
2.1 years
 

 
We used the following weighted average assumptions in the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine fair values of options granted:
 
   
2007
 
2006
 
 
Risk free interest rate
 
4.75
%
4.42
%
Expected years until exercise
 
1.11
 
1.71
 
Expected stock volatility
 
23.01
%
23.14
%
Dividend yield
 
8.81
%
8.11
%

 
The following table summarizes activity in our share option plans:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
   
 
 
 
Options
 
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
 
 
 
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
 
 
 
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
                                 
Outstanding at beginning of year
 
2,879,180
 
$
20.17
 
2,018,741
 
$
20.77
 
1,510,341
 
$
20.42
 
Granted(1)
 
--
   
--
 
984,349
   
19.06
 
544,000
   
21.78
 
Forfeited
 
(492,292
)
 
18.52
 
(91,910
)
 
21.18
 
--
   
--
 
Exercised
 
--
   
--
 
(32,000
)
 
21.18
 
(35,600
)
 
21.18
 
Outstanding at end of year
 
2,386,888
 
$
20.51
 
2,879,180
 
$
20.17
 
2,018,741
 
$
20.77
 
Fair value of options granted during the year (in thousands)
     
$
--
     
$
1,325
     
$
852
 
 
(1)    Excludes options cancelled and reissued.  See Re-issuance of Share Options below.
 

 
- 140 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
 
   
As of December 31, 2008
 
   
Options
 
Weighted Average
Exercise
Price
 
 
Weighted Average
Remaining Contractual Term
(in years)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
 
 
Vested and expected to vest at end of period
 
2,386,888
 
$
20.51
 
6.3
 
$
--
 
Exercisable at end of year
 
2,269,300
 
$
20.50
 
6.2
 
$
--
 

 
There was no aggregate intrinsic value at December 31, 2008, due to the exercise price of the outstanding options being greater than the closing share price on the last trading day of the year.  This amount will change based on the market value of our common shares.
 
The following table summarizes information about share options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2008:
 
Exercise Price
 
Number
Outstanding
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
(in Years)
 
Number
Exercisable
 
                 
$
11.56
 
10,000
 
1.4
 
10,000
 
$
17.78
 
800,000
 
4.9
 
800,000
 
$
19.06
 
555,883
 
8.2
 
502,376
 
$
22.03
 
384,490
 
7.0
 
320,409
 
$
24.44
 
636,515
 
6.0
 
636,515
 
 
 
 
 
2,386,888
 
6.3
 
2,269,300
 

 
E.  Non-vested Shares and SCUs
 
We issue restricted share grants primarily in connection with acquisitions or employee bonuses.  In conjunction with the CAHA acquisition in 2003, we issued restricted common shares to various individuals who are either employees of CAHA or are one of the selling principals, most of which vested over periods ranging from three months to four years.  During 2006, in connection with the Centerline Investors acquisition, we issued 1.7 million restricted common shares to Centerline Investors employees, of which 56,000 shares vested immediately, with the remaining vesting over a period of one to four years.
 
Also, in conjunction with the CAHA acquisition, our subsidiary issued SCUs to employees other than the selling principals.  These SCUs vested over periods ranging from three to four years.
 
 
- 141 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
Activity with respect to non-vested shares and SCUs was as follows for the years ended December 31:
 
   
Non-vested shares
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 
Non-vested
SCUs
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 
                           
Non-vested at January 1, 2006
   
241,194
 
$
20.25
   
310,400
 
$
17.92
 
Granted
   
2,170,371
   
19.73
   
--
   
--
 
Vested
   
(300,483
)
 
20.06
   
(148,087
)
 
17.92
 
Forfeited
   
(22,511
)
 
20.56
   
--
   
--
 
Non-vested at December 31, 2006
   
2,088,571
   
19.74
   
162,313
   
17.92
 
Granted
   
914,841
   
17.20
   
--
   
--
 
Vested
   
(856,102
)
 
19.76
   
(162,313
)
 
17.92
 
Forfeited
   
(70,821
)
 
19.82
   
--
   
--
 
Non-vested at December 31, 2007
   
2,076,489
   
18.61
   
--
   
--
 
Granted
   
2,332,534
   
3.40
   
--
   
--
 
Vested
   
(1,230,124
)
 
14.42
   
--
   
--
 
Forfeited
   
(559,193
)
 
12.91
   
--
   
--
 
Non-vested at December 31, 2008
   
2,619,706
 
$
8.25
   
--
 
$
--
 

 
F.  Unamortized Costs and Shares Available for Grant
 
As of December 31, 2008, there was $8.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to share options and non-vested share-based compensation grants.  We expect to recognize this compensation cost over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years.
 
As of December 31, 2008, there were 4.6 million options or share grants available for issuance under the Plan.
 
G.  Trustee Grants
 
Our independent trustees receive a portion of their annual compensation in common shares.  We granted the following common shares as part of trustee compensation:
 
Year
 
Number
 
       
2008
 
240,761
 
2007
 
51,542
(1)
2006
 
11,625
 
 
(1)    Of the 2007 shares issued, 10,077 were issued in January 2007 in connection with 2006 services.

 
H.  Re-issuance of Stock Options
 
In July 2007, our Compensation and Nominating and Governance Committees approved the cancellation of outstanding options to purchase our common shares issued to Stephen M. Ross, our Chairman, and the substitution of the cancelled options with new ones on substantially similar terms. Because the terms of the cancelled options and the new options were substantially similar, the cancellation and re-grant had no effect on share-based compensation expenses reported in our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
- 142 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
I.  Income Statement Impact
 
Expense related to our share-based compensation was as follows:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
 
Outperformance program
 
$
189
 
$
74
 
$
--
 
Share options
   
322
   
1,402
   
937
 
Non-vested shares and SCUs (net of forfeitures)
   
12,143
   
26,969
   
14,209
 
Trustee grants
   
291
   
574
   
279
 
 
Net
 
$
12,945
 
$
29,019
 
$
15,425
 

 
 
NOTE 24 – Revenues and Expenses of Consolidated Partnerships
 
Financial information for the Tax Credit Fund and Property Partnerships are as of September 30, 2008, the most recent reliable date.  Information with respect to the CMBS Fund and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships is as of December 31, 2008.
 
Revenues and expenses of consolidated partnerships consisted of the following:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
 
2008
   
2007
   
2006
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Tax Credit
Fund and
Property
Partnerships
   
CMBS and
Direct Loan
Fund
Partnerships
   
Total
   
Tax Credit
Fund and
Property
Partnerships
   
CMBS Fund
Direct Loan
Fund
Partnerships
   
Total
   
Tax Credit
Fund and
Property
Partnerships
   
CMBS Fund
Direct Loan
Fund
Partnerships
   
Total
 
                                                       
Interest income
  $ 10,201     $ 252,796     $ 262,997     $ 14,565     $ 180,638     $ 195,203     $ 10,510     $ 41,218     $ 51,728  
Rental income
    68,357       --       68,357       55,541       --       55,541       30,701       --       30,701  
Other
    8,180       425       8,605       6,539       738       7,277       7,127       100       7,227  
 
Total revenues
  $ 86,738     $ 253,221     $ 339,959     $ 76,645     $ 181,376     $ 258,021     $ 48,338     $ 41,318     $ 89,656  
 
Interest expense
  $ 15,300     $ 149,722     $ 165,022     $ 19,245     $ 81,076     $ 100,321     $ 25,989     $ 21,937     $ 47,926  
                                                                         
Loss in impairment of assets
  $ --     $ 317,264     $ 317,264     $ --     $ 20,941     $ 20,941     $ --     $ --     $ --  
 
Asset management fees
    28,824       --       28,824       24,611       --       24,611       20,960       --       20,960  
Property operating expenses
    31,473       --       31,473       26,395       --       26,395       20,825       --       20,825  
General and administrative expenses
    25,122       4,733       29,855       21,324       3,028       24,352       14,447       438       14,885  
Depreciation and amortization
    33,134       5,722       38,856       29,451       3,643       33,094       22,515       --       22,515  
Other expenses
    9,832       --       9,832       4,579       --       4,579       2,957       --       2,957  
Subtotal
    128,385       10,455       138,840       106,360       6,671       113,031       81,704       438       82,142  
 
Total expenses
  $ 143,685     $ 477,441     $ 621,126     $ 125,605     $ 108,688     $ 234,293     $ 107,693     $ 22,375     $ 130,068  

 
NOTE 25 – Income Taxes
 
The CMBS and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships, which are included in our Commercial Real Estate group, are held in vehicles which, if certain requirements are met, do not incur income taxes.  As such, the income from those businesses does not subject us to income taxes.  Likewise, some of our pre-tax income is derived from our tax-exempt mortgage revenue bond investments included in our Affordable Housing group, which is held within flow-through entities.
 
Tax credit fund management, the other Commercial Real Estate businesses and our Portfolio Management and Credit Risk Products businesses, however, are conducted in corporations and are subject to income taxes.  Our Corporate group is also housed in a corporate entity subject to taxation.  Our corporate entities generally have losses for book purposes principally because the distributions paid on the minority interests in our corporate subsidiaries effectively provide a tax deduction, as well as other factors within these businesses.
 
 
- 143 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
The components of our pre-tax (loss) income were as follows:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
Not subject to tax
 
$
(44,469
)
$
(36,337
)
$
79,341
 
Subject to tax
   
(183,866
)
 
(19,284
)
 
(31,555
)
 
Total (loss) income before income taxes
 
$
(228,335
)
$
(55,621
)
$
47,786
 

 
The income tax provision (benefit) consisted of the following components:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
Current:
                   
Federal
 
$
1,059
 
$
268
 
$
1,107
 
State and local
   
2,179
   
1,091
   
3,230
 
Total current
   
3,238
   
1,359
   
4,337
 
 
Deferred:
                   
Federal
   
(72,253
)
 
(14,574
)
 
(17,560
)
State and local
   
(21,278
)
 
(1,979
)
 
(9,436
)
Total deferred
   
(93,531
)
 
(16,553
)
 
(26,996
)
 
Valuation allowance
   
94,116
   
19,701
   
29,151
 
 
Total tax provision
 
$
3,823
 
$
4,507
 
$
6,492
 

 
The tax provision does not include the current tax benefit, if any, related to additional tax deductions for share-based compensation which was credited to beneficial owners’ equity.  There were no such current tax benefits in 2008.  The deferred tax benefit and related valuation allowance, resulting from unrealized losses on derivative contracts, is reflected in other comprehensive income.
 
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed based on temporary differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities that existed at the balance sheet date.
 
A reconciliation of the statutory federal tax rate to our effective tax rate is as follows:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
               
Statutory tax rate
 
35.0
%
35.0
%
35.0
%
Valuation allowance
 
(41.2
)
(37.5
)
61.1
 
State and local taxes, net of federal benefit
 
5.5
 
1.4
 
(8.6
)
Partnership income not subject to tax
 
(7.9
)
(36.1
)
(54.2
)
Goodwill write-off
 
(9.7
)
--
 
--
 
SCUs/SMUs (see Note 18)
 
14.5
 
28.0
 
(13.0
)
Tax-exempt interest
 
--
 
2.6
 
(5.3
)
Share-based compensation
 
(1.4
)
--
 
(0.5
)
Other
 
3.6
 
(1.5
)
(0.9
)
Effective tax rate
 
(1.7
)%
(8.1
)%
13.6
%
 

 
- 144 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
The components of the deferred tax assets and (liabilities) are as follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
 
Deferred tax assets:
             
Deferred revenue
 
$
27,484
 
$
35,425
 
Share-based compensation
   
15,101
   
7,234
 
Goodwill
   
11,616
   
--
 
Intangible assets
   
18,749
   
--
 
Unrealized loss on derivatives
   
1,896
   
1,006
 
Purchased servicing rights
   
2,374
   
500
 
Bad debt reserves
   
7,587
   
5,417
 
Partnerships and depreciation
   
13,184
   
4,708
 
Net operating losses
   
54,157
   
14,754
 
Alternative tax credits
   
2,394
   
2,507
 
Other, net
   
864
   
610
 
Total deferred tax assets
   
155,406
   
72,161
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
             
Intangible assets
   
--
   
(13,242
)
Deferred costs
   
(465
)
 
(748
)
Originated mortgage service rights
   
(11,369
)
 
(10,651
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
   
(11,834
)
 
(24,641
)
 
Valuation allowance
   
(143,572
)
 
(47,520
)
 
Net deferred tax asset
 
$
--
 
$
--
 

 
At December 31, 2008, our corporate subsidiaries had the following carry forwards:
 
   
(in thousands)
 
 
Low income housing credits (expiration at 2024)
 
$
1,483
 
Alternative minimum tax credits (do not expire)
 
$
912
 
Net operating loss (expiration at 2027)
 
$
54,157
 

 
Beginning in 2006, we determined that, in light of projected taxable losses in the corporate subsidiaries for the foreseeable future, all of our deferred tax assets will likely not be realized and therefore we have provided a full valuation allowance.
 
The Internal Revenue Service is examining the consolidated corporate federal income tax return for our subsidiaries subject to taxes for the tax periods ended June 30, 2003 and December 31, 2003 through 2007.  The New York City taxing authority is examining the partnership tax returns of one of our subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2004.  The Internal Revenue Service examinations are ongoing and no significant issues have yet been raised, while the New York City examination’s most likely outcome would be considered immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.  During 2008, we completed a consolidated corporate New York State audit for the years December 31, 2004 through 2006 which did not result in a material charge to the consolidated financial statements.
 
We adopted the provisions of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007.  As a result of adoption, we recognized a charge of $1.2 million to the January 1, 2007, balance of beneficial owners’ equity and $0.4 million to the January 1, 2007, goodwill balance (see Note 11).  As of the adoption date, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $2.0 million and accrued interest and penalties of $0.8 million.  Of this total, $2.5 million represents the amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective tax rate in future periods.  We do not anticipate that these unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change due to the settlement of audits and the expiration of statutes of limitations.  We reduced our income tax provision by $0.7 million in 2008 due to the expiration of the statute of limitations for certain tax matters.  We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions within our income tax provision or benefit, which was $0.1 million for 2008 and $0.5 million for 2007.  A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
 
 
- 145 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2007
 
$
2,543
 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
   
--
 
Additions for tax positions of prior years
   
535
 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years
   
--
 
Settlements
   
--
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2007
   
3.078
 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
   
--
 
Additions for tax positions of prior years
   
102
 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years
   
(696
)
Settlements
   
--
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2008
 
$
2,484
 
 

 
 
NOTE 26 – Earnings per Share
 
The calculation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share is as follows:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
Numerator:
                   
Net (loss) income
 
$
(232,158
)
$
(60,128
)
$
41,294
 
Preferred dividends(1)
   
(19,085
)
 
(4,757
)
 
(4,752
)
Dividends for redeemable securities
   
(1,266
)
 
--
   
--
 
Undistributed (loss) income
   
(252,509
)
 
(64,885
)
 
36,542
 
Effect of redeemable share conversions
   
(16,912
)
 
(3,390
)
 
--
 
Net (loss) income for EPS calculations
 
$
(269,421
)
$
(68,275
)
$
36,542
 
 
Denominator:
                   
Weighted average shares outstanding
                   
Basic
   
51,997
   
57,175
   
58,154
 
Effect of dilutive shares(2)
   
--
   
--
   
557
 
Diluted
   
51,997
   
57,175
   
58,711
 
 
Calculation of EPS:
                   
                     
Net (loss) income as computed above
 
$
(269,421
)
$
(68,275
)
$
36,542
 
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic
   
51,997
   
57,175
   
58,154
 
Net (loss) income per share – basic
 
$
(5.18
)
$
(1.19
)
$
0.63
 
 
Net (loss) income as computed above
 
$
(269,421
)
$
(68,275
)
$
36,542
 
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted(1)
   
51,997
   
57,175
)
 
58,711
 
Net (loss) income per share – diluted
 
$
(5.18
)
$
(1.19
)
$
0.62
 
 
(1)       2008 includes dividends in arrears.
(2)      In accordance with SFAS 128, common share equivalents of less than 0.1 million in 2008 and 0.8 million in 2007 have been excluded from the Diluted EPS calculation, as we reported a net loss after preferred dividends.

 
- 146 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
NOTE 27 – Financial Risk Management and Derivatives
 
A.  Derivative Positions
 
As of December 31, 2008, we held the following derivative positions:
 
·  
Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility Interest Rate Swap:  Our Term Loan and the Revolving Credit Facility (see Note 14) incur interest expense at variable rates, exposing us to interest rate risk.  We currently manage a portion of our interest rate risk resulting from the exposure to variable rates (benchmark rate) on our credit facility through the use of an interest rate swap indexed to LIBOR.  Under the swap agreement, for a specified period of time we are required to pay a fixed rate of interest on a specified notional amount to the transaction counterparty and we receive a floating rate of interest equivalent to the LIBOR index.  The swap outstanding at December 31, 2008, had a notional amount of $275.0 million, expires in August 2009 and has a fixed rate of 5.25%.  The average LIBOR rate was 2.67% in 2008, 5.25% in 2007 and 5.13% in 2006.  Until the fourth quarter of 2008, we accounted for this swap as a hedge; beginning in October 2008, we ceased applying hedge accounting to this interest rate swap and the unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at that date will be amortized into expense until the swap’s end date in August 2009.
 
·  
Developer of Properties:  As of December 31, 2008, we were party to 25 interest rate swap agreements with the developers of properties relating to certain mortgage revenue bonds we previously owned.  Under the terms of these agreements, we pay a variable rate of interest and receive interest at fixed rates equal to those of the related bonds.  Since the December 2007 re-securitization transaction (see Note 7), these swaps (with the exception of one) are now deemed to be free-standing derivatives.  At December 31, 2008, these swaps had an aggregate notional amount of $258.4 million, a weighted average interest rate of 6.04% and a weighted average remaining term of 13.5 years.   In November 2008, we terminated one of the agreements and realized a gain of $1.8 million.
 
·  
Our Credit Risk Products group is party to an interest rate swap whereby we pay a variable rate of interest and receive interest at fixed rate. At December 31, 2008, the swap had a notional amount of $9.5 million, with an interest rate of 1.38% and remaining term of 14.5 years.
 
Certain of our consolidated partnerships also had interest rate swaps accounted for as hedges as of December 31, 2008, described in more detail in section C below.
 
We evaluate our interest rate risk on an ongoing basis to determine whether it would be advantageous to engage in any further derivative transactions.
 
Prior Derivative Positions
 
Prior to terminating our financing arrangements upon the December 2007 re-securitization transaction, we also had interest rate swaps indexed to the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association Municipal Swap Index (“SIFMA”) rate, the most widely used tax-exempt floating rate index.  The average SIFMA rate was 2.25% in 2008, 3.62% in 2007 and 3.45% in 2006.  We terminated these swaps when we terminated the financing arrangements and recognized $1.0 million of expense related to the terminations.  Previously unrealized gains and losses associated with these swaps were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income when we recorded the termination charge in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
 
Through our Commercial Real Estate group, we entered into four cash flow hedging instruments to manage the interest rate risk of planned debt offerings by a CMBS fund.  During 2008, these cash flow hedges with a notional amount of $112.3 million were terminated resulting in a cash payment of $13.9 million (see also Financial Statement Impact section below).  We recorded the loss on termination as a component of other comprehensive loss and we expect to amortize it over the term of the debt beginning when it is issued.
 
At inception, we designated these swaps as cash flow hedging instruments, with the hedged item being the interest payments on our variable-rate debt.  On an ongoing basis, we assessed whether the swap agreements were effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of the hedged financing.  Amounts in accumulated other comprehensive loss are reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings, which may include periods after the swaps are terminated.  An inherent risk of these swap agreements was the credit risk related to the counterparty’s ability to meet the terms of the contracts with us.
 
 
- 147 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
Through our Commercial Real Estate group, we entered into seven interest rate swap agreements in connection with a CMBS fund that closed in 2007.  During 2008, these freestanding derivatives with a notional amount of $230.5 million were terminated resulting in a cash payment of $20.1 million.  In addition, Centerline Investors had recorded $21.0 million as interest expense, representing the change in fair value of the swaps ($13.5 million of which was recorded in 2007).  The $21.0 million of interest expense was subsequently charged to a fund within CMBS Fund Partnerships resulting in a reduction of interest expense (see Financial Statement Impact section below).
 
B.  Financial Statement Impact
 
Presented below are amounts included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations related to the swaps described above:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
Included in interest expense:
Interest payments
 
$
28,338
 
$
560
 
$
--
 
Interest receipts
   
(13,107
)
 
(4,048
)
 
(2,262
)
Change in fair value of derivatives
   
20,563
   
18,527
   
208
 
Termination of derivatives (net of amount charged to CMBS fund)
   
(22,931
)
 
--
   
--
 
Ineffectiveness
   
1,876
   
757
   
799
 
 
Net
 
$
14,739
 
$
15,796
 
$
(1,255
)
 
Included in loss on re-securitization of mortgage revenue bonds:
                   
Termination of derivatives
 
$
--
 
$
1,694
 
$
--
 
Fair value of swaps associated with bonds re-securitized
   
--
   
21,201
   
--
 
 
Net
 
$
--
 
$
22,895
 
$
--
 

 
Interest rate swaps in a net liability position (“out of the money”) are recorded in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities and those in a net asset position (“in the money”) are recorded in deferred costs and other assets.  The amounts recorded were as follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
               
Net liability position
 
$
40,525
 
$
50,445
 
Net asset position
 
$
1,307
 
$
--
 

 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss includes the following amounts (exclusive of the tax impact) related to the swaps described above:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
               
Terminated cash flow hedges
 
$
(9,019
)
$
--
 
Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility Interest Rate Swap
 
$
(2,603
)
$
 
(6,350
)

 
We estimate that the entire $2.6 million of the net unrealized loss related to the Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility Interest Rate Swap will be reclassified into interest expense within the next twelve months (as the swap is due to expire in August 2009).  The other comprehensive loss related to the terminated cash flow hedges is expected to be amortized into income beginning in 2012 at the time long term financing is expected to be secured.
 
 
- 148 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
D.  Consolidated Partnerships
 
A summary of the swaps at the CMBS Fund and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships as of December 31, 2007 is as follows (none were outstanding as of December 31, 2008):
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
Hedge
Designated
Notional
Amount
 
Non-Hedge
Designated
Notional
Amount
 
Unrealized
Loss Included
in Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Unrealized
Loss Included
in Net Income
 
                           
                           
CMBS Fund Partnerships
 
$
334,936
 
$
27,655
 
$
11,656
 
$
1,961
 
                           
Interest Rates
   
4.63% to 5.69
%
 
5.23% to 5.77
%
           
                           
Maturity Dates
   
Jan 2017 to
Oct 2018
   
Jan 2017
             
                           
High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership
 
$
73,006
 
$
--
 
$
3,407
 
$
--
 
                           
Interest Rates
   
4.89% to 5.17
%
                 
                           
Maturity Dates
   
Dec 2009 to
May 2017
                   

 
During 2008, all of these swaps were terminated.  The table below presents information regarding swaps the funds terminated:
 
               
Gain (Loss)
prior to
Termination
Date
 
Gain (Loss) on
Termination Date
 
Amortization
of OCI
Included in
Statement of
Operations
Subsequent to
Termination
Date
 
In-effectiveness
 
 
Gain (Loss)
Included in
Acc. Other
Comp. Loss at
December 31,
2008
 
(in thousands)
 
Termination
Dates
 
Notional
Amount
Terminated
 
Cash Paid on
Termination
Date
 
 
Included in Statement of
Operations
 
Included in
Statement of
Operations
 
Included in
Acc. Other
Comp. Loss
 
Year Ended
December 31, 2008
   
 
High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership
 
January 2008
 
$
73,006
 
$
5,598
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
$
(5,598
)
$
(686
)
$
(4,346
)
$
(566
)
 
CMBS Fund Partnerships
 
February 2008 – November 2008
   
362,591
   
31,161
   
(3,414
)
 
163
   
(27,910
)
 
(6,615
)
 
(7,600
)
 
(13,695
)
 
Total
     
$
435,597
 
$
36,759
 
$
(3,414
)
$
163
 
$
(33,508
)
$
(7,301
)
$
(11,946
)
$
(14,261
)

 
The other comprehensive loss related to the High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership will be fully amortized in 2009 while that related to the CMBS Fund Partnerships is expected to be amortized into income beginning in 2012 at the time long term financing is expected to be secured.
 
During the second quarter of 2008, our High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership reclassified $4.3 million from accumulated other comprehensive loss to the Consolidated Statement of Operations based on the changes to the expected timing of long-term borrowings.
 
 
- 149 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
NOTE 28 – Related Party Transactions
 
Investments In and Loans to Affiliates
 
The components of investments in and loans to affiliates are presented in the table below:
 
   
December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
 
Loan to AMAC
 
$
79,877
 
$
77,685
 
Investment in AMAC common and preferred shares
   
12,195
   
12,195
 
Interest receivable on loan to AMAC
   
3,872
   
529
 
Fees receivable from AMAC
   
1,290
   
1,257
 
Subtotal
   
97,234
   
91,666
 
Cumulative equity losses and other comprehensive loss on investment in AMAC
   
(12,195
)
 
(5,285
)
Reserves on loan to AMAC, interest and fees receivable
   
(75,439
)
 
--
 
Subtotal
   
9,600
   
86,381
 
 
Co-investment in consolidated CMBS and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships(1)
   
(55,953
)
 
36,101
 
Co-investment in CUC
   
3,406
   
4,184
 
Due from partnerships, net
   
50,570
   
35,025
 
Fees receivable, net
   
3,060
   
8,310
 
Subtotal
   
10,683
   
170,001
 
Less: Eliminations(2)
   
8,539
   
(62,826
)
 
Total
 
$
19,222
 
$
107,175
 
 
(1)    Represents the carrying amount of these co-investments, net of our share of accumulated other comprehensive loss.
(2)    Given the minority economic interest we have in consolidated partnerships, for internal purposes, we treat consolidated partnerships as equity investees.
 

 
Income Statement Impact
 
Our Consolidated Statements of Operations included the following amounts pertaining to related party transactions:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
AMAC asset management and incentive management fees and expense reimbursements
 
$
1,201
 
$
3,526
 
$
3,630
 
AMAC credit facility interest income
 
$
3,988
 
$
2,970
 
$
1,461
 
AMAC servicing fee income
 
$
358
 
$
655
 
$
66
 
Equity in loss of AMAC(1)
 
$
(78,056
)
$
(4,012
)
$
--
 
Equity in (loss) income of CUC
 
$
(703
)
$
(139
)
$
3
 
TRCLP shared service fee expense
 
$
--
 
$
(243
)
$
(620
)
TRCLP property management services expense
 
$
(5,156
)
$
(4,354
)
$
(4,277
)
 
(1)    Includes write-down of loan and investments.

 
A.  AMAC
 
Through one of our subsidiaries, we manage the operations of AMAC.  In addition, we own 0.6 million common shares (6.9% of the class) and 0.3 million shares of its 7.25% Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Shares (41.2% of the class). We account for this investment utilizing the equity method as we can exercise significant influence over AMAC’s financial and operating policies via our advisory agreement.
 
 
- 150 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
We also extended a revolving credit facility to AMAC, with a maximum capacity of $80.0 million.  Income we earned from this facility, to the extent collectability is reasonably assured, is included in “Other interest income” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 
During 2007, AMAC suspended investment activity due to volatility in credit markets that led to significant margin calls on its debt facilities and interest rate swaps.  As a result, it sold certain assets, recorded impairment charges on others and recorded a substantial net loss.  In addition, AMAC has recorded unrealized losses on some of its remaining assets and interest rate derivatives.
 
In October 2008, AMAC was unable to refinance its repurchase financing arrangements and sold assets to repay the debt.  As a result of AMAC’s inability to obtain financing other than our loan, its board began the process of determining a plan of liquidation. As we are one of two creditors likely to recover any of AMAC’s assets, we recorded an impairment charge of $70.3 million (which is recorded within “equity and other (loss) income” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations), reducing our carrying value to our current estimate of $9.6 million in repayment.  Additionally, we recorded a charge to reduce our investment in AMAC shares to zero, ceased accruing asset management fees receivable and wrote off the remaining balance of the intangible asset associated with the management agreement (see Note 11).
 
We serve as the collateral manager for AMAC’s $400.0 million CDO and service all of the loans in AMAC’s investment portfolio, performing all primary and special servicing functions.  Pursuant to the servicing agreement, we receive fees from AMAC based on the dollar amount of loans we service and record these fees in “Fee income” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.  Since we collect these fees prior to any amounts being remitted to AMAC, we continue to recognize these fees as income.
 
During 2008, we purchased mortgage revenue bond investments with a principal amount of $4.5 million from AMAC for a purchase price of $2.0 million (see Note 8).
 
During 2007 and 2006, our Commercial Real Estate subsidiaries originated loans on behalf of AMAC of $255.1 million and $531.8 million, respectively.  Pursuant to the advisory agreement, we received mortgage banking fees from the borrowers of $1.1 million and $2.8 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively.  We record these fees in “Fee income” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.  In December 2007, we purchased four loans from AMAC for a total of $32.8 million.  These loans were funded by the ASAP plus facility (see Note 14) and were sold to Fannie Mae in 2008.
 
Centerline Real Estate Special Situations Mortgage Fund, LLC (“CRESS”) entered into a co-investment agreement with AMAC whereby both participated in investment opportunities originated by our subsidiaries and that met mutual investment criteria.  A portion of CRESS’ 2008 and 2007 investments were made pursuant to this agreement.  During 2008, CRESS also purchased investments with a principal amount of $33.4 million from AMAC for a purchase price of $31.7 million, in a manner consistent with transactions with independent third parties.
 
B.  The Related Companies L.P.
 
General and administrative expenses include shared service fees paid or payable to TRCLP, a company controlled by our Chairman.  This shared services agreement was terminated in September 2007.
 
In addition, a subsidiary of TRCLP earned fees for performing property management services for various properties held in Tax Credit Fund Partnerships we manage and are included in “loss on impairment of assets of consolidated partnerships” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 
During the year ended December 31, 2008, Tax Credit Fund Partnerships that we consolidate provided equity financing to properties developed by a subsidiary of TRCLP.  CRESS funded an additional $8.3 million on two loans secured by properties developed by TRCLP, with no additional future funding obligations.
 
In January 2008, we issued $131.2 million of our convertible preferred shares to a company affiliated with TRCLP and repurchased certain of the shares as part of a rights offering (see Note 19).
 
During 2008, CRESS, AMAC and CUC recorded impairment charges pertaining to properties developed by TRCLP.  In November 2008, TRCLP informed us that two of its developments (Snowmass Village and City North) were being significantly impacted by current economic conditions such that both projects would likely require significant financial restructuring.  This means that the mezzanine loans held by AMAC and CRESS are compromised in value.  CRESS holds aggregate mezzanine loans in the amount of $23.6 million secured by interests in the entity which owns the City North project and aggregate mezzanine loans in the amount of $43.5 million secured by the interests in the entity which owns the Snowmass project.  AMAC also holds mezzanine loans related to these properties (aggregate of $50.7 million) and CUC has an equity investment in the City North development ($18.0 million).  Based on our discussions with TRCLP, we have determined that the investments related to City North have no residual value and that the likelihood of recoveries related to Snowmass is limited.  As a result,
 
 
- 151 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
·  
CRESS recorded aggregate impairment charges of $63.9 million, of which our proportionate share is $3.2 million.
·  
CUC recorded an impairment charge of $18.0 million of which our proportionate share is $0.5 million.
·  
AMAC recorded aggregate impairment charges of $47.4 million, which is one of the factors in determining the estimated recovery amount for the revolving credit facility we had extended (see above).
 
During 2007, we acquired five mortgage revenue bonds secured by properties developed by a subsidiary of TRCLP.
 
During 2008, an affiliate of TRCLP provided over 14.0% of the tax credit properties for which we arranged equity financing.
 
C.  Co-investment in CUC
 
CUC is an investment fund with the California Public Employees Retirement System (“CalPERS”) as majority investor, focusing on investments in multifamily properties in major urban markets.  Our membership interest includes a co-investment obligation amounting to 2.5% of capital invested.  Remaining funding commitments under this obligation are insignificant.
 
D.  Due from Partnerships, Net
 
Due from partnerships represents monies we loaned to certain Tax Credit Fund Partnerships to allow them to provide financial support to property partnerships in which they invest.  We expect the Tax Credit Fund partnerships will repay those loans from the release of reserves, proceeds from asset sales and other operating sources.  Loans we made (net of recoveries) were $31.6 million in 2008, $45.1 million in 2007 and $57.6 million in 2006. A portion of these advances relate to the financial difficulties of three developers and our subsequent actions to protect our investments in the properties that were under development and for which we assumed the general partner interest (see PRS/CRG/ERC in Note 30).
 
E.  Other
 
Substantially all fund origination revenues in the Affordable Housing group are received from Tax Credit Fund Partnerships we have originated and manage, many of which comprise the partnerships that we consolidate.  While our affiliates hold equity interests in the investment funds’ general partner and/or managing member/advisor, we have no direct investments in these entities and we do not guarantee their obligations.  We have agreements with these entities to provide ongoing services on behalf of the general partners and/or managing members/advisors and we receive all fee income to which these entities are entitled.
 
In connection with the 2002 refinancing of a property partly owned by our Chairman, we entered into an agreement which allows a revenue bond to be put to us should the owner of the underlying property default on the bond.  We, in turn, entered into agreements which allow us to put the bond to the general partners of the owner who are our affiliates controlled by our Chairman.  This right is secured by collateral assignments of the general partners’ partnership interests in the limited partnership that owns the underlying property.
 
 
NOTE 29 – Business Segments
 
Segment results include all direct and contractual revenues and expenses of each segment and allocations of certain indirect expenses based on specific methodologies.  These reportable segments are strategic business units that primarily generate revenue streams that are distinctly different and are generally managed separately.  Transactions between segments are accounted for as third-party arrangements for the purposes of presenting segment results of operations.  Typical intersegment eliminations include fees earned from Consolidated Partnerships, asset management fees earned by Portfolio Management with respect to assets held by our other segments and intercompany interest.
 
The table below includes Adjusted Net Income, and a reconciliation from Adjusted Net Income to GAAP net income, as Adjusted Net Income is the performance measure used by our chief decision-makers for purposes of measuring performance and capital allocation.  We define Adjusted Net Income as net income pursuant to GAAP and adjusted for non-cash amortization of acquired intangible assets and acquisition-related, share-based compensation.  There is no generally accepted methodology for computing Adjusted Net Income, and our computation of Adjusted Net Income may not be comparable to similar measurements reported by other companies.
 
 
- 152 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 

   
Years Ended December 31,
 
(in thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
 
Revenues
                   
Affordable Housing
 
$
161,900
 
$
293,944
 
$
287,686
 
Commercial Real Estate
   
66,152
   
69,488
   
55,062
 
Portfolio Management
   
41,463
   
60,774
   
35,372
 
Credit Risk Products
   
8,615
   
15,859
   
3,644
 
Corporate
   
28,022
   
22,337
   
23,940
 
Consolidated Partnerships
   
339,959
   
258,021
   
89,656
 
Eliminations
   
(134,536
)
 
(147,496
)
 
(108,101
)
Consolidated Revenues
 
$
511,575
 
$
572,927
 
$
387,259
 
 
Depreciation and Amortization
                   
Affordable Housing
 
$
1,128
 
$
908
 
$
6,438
 
Commercial Real Estate
   
12,107
   
15,926
   
18,058
 
Portfolio Management
   
4,188
   
6,819
   
107
 
Credit Risk Products
   
1,654
   
85
   
--
 
Corporate
   
26,953
   
21,361
   
20,792
 
Consolidated Depreciation and Amortization
 
$
46,030
 
$
45,099
 
$
45,395
 
                     
Depreciation and Amortization of Consolidated Partnerships
 
$
39,558
 
$
33,094
 
$
22,515
 
 
Adjusted Net Income (Loss)
                   
Affordable Housing
 
$
9,072
 
$
13,786
 
$
99,689
 
Commercial Real Estate
   
(53,070
)
 
(10,296
)
 
7,895
 
Portfolio Management
   
10,582
   
26,314
   
18,941
 
Credit Risk Products
   
(7,970
)
 
(910
)
 
(5,645
)
Corporate
   
(68,298
)
 
(66,503
)
 
(64,506
)
Consolidated Partnerships
   
7,823
   
22,575
   
15,012
 
Eliminations
   
(7,819
)
 
(18,023
)
 
(11,437
)
Total Adjusted Net (Loss) Income
   
(109,680
)
 
(33,057
)
 
59,949
 
Amortization or write-off of acquired intangible assets, net of minority interests
   
(120,540
)
 
(15,806
)
 
(12,042
)
Amortization of acquisition-related share-based compensation, net of minority interests
   
(1,938
)
 
(11,265
)
 
(6,613
)
Net (loss) income
 
$
(232,158
)
$
(60,128
)
$
41,294
 
                     
         
 
December 31,
 
         
2008
 
2007
 
 
Identifiable Assets
                   
Affordable Housing
       
$
1,137,782
 
$
1,431,155
 
Commercial Real Estate
         
251,362
   
439,156
 
Portfolio Management
         
24,885
   
32,725
 
Credit Risk Products
         
82,128
   
108,608
 
Corporate
         
379,404
   
573,875
 
Consolidated Partnerships
         
6,099,222
   
7,412,165
 
Elimination of intersegment balances
         
(592,776
)
 
(507,482
)
Consolidated Assets
       
$
7,382,007
 
$
9,490,202
 
 
 
- 153 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
NOTE 30 – Commitments and Contingencies
 
A.  PRS/CRG/ERC
 
PRS/ CRG
 
PRS Companies (“PRS”) and Capital Realty Group (“CRG”) were sponsors of certain tax credit property partnerships for which we held mortgage revenue bonds and/or to which investment funds we sponsor have contributed equity, and a construction affiliate of PRS served as general contractor for most of these partnerships.  Due to financial difficulties experienced by PRS and its construction affiliate, we ceased our business dealings with PRS and acquired the general partner interest in certain partnerships sponsored by PRS as part of agreements reached in April 2005 (the “PRS Partnerships”).  There were two additional projects for which the PRS construction affiliate was general contractor (the “GCG Partnerships”) for which the general partner interest owned by PRS or an affiliate were transferred to us at the same time.
 
Likewise, we entered into agreements in April 2005 with CRG with respect to certain partnerships in which CRG served as sponsor (the “CRG Partnerships”).  The PRS financial difficulties created construction finance shortfalls that created liquidity problems for these partnerships as well.  In December 2006, we entered into an additional agreement with CRG to transfer to us the general partner interests held by CRG in four additional properties.  This agreement included the termination of certain rights retained by CRG with respect to the CRG Partnerships in the 2005 Agreements and we have ceased our business dealings with CRG.
 
We have advanced funds to the partnerships subsequent to the transfer of the general partner interests to cover operating costs until the properties achieve stabilization.  Further equity payments and proceeds from the sale of the general partner interests due from these partnerships will help offset the advances.
 
The PRS Partnerships, GCG Partnerships, and CRG Partnerships are set out in the table below.
 
In August 2007, we entered into a letter of intent for a developer to acquire the general partnership interests in nine of the PRS partnerships located in Atlanta, Georgia.  This transaction did not close and in September 2008, both parties decided to terminate the contract.  We have changed property management companies and will continue to manage the properties towards stabilized operations.
 
ERC
 
To protect our interests in properties for which we had provided debt or equity financing, in October 2006 we reached an agreement with ERC, Inc. (a developer) to acquire its general partner interests in partnerships it had sponsored.  Those partnerships are also summarized in the table below.
 
We have advanced funds to the partnerships after the takeover to cover operating costs until the properties achieve stabilization.  Future equity payments and proceeds from the sale of the general partner interests due from these partnerships will help offset the advances.
 
In October 2007, we entered into letters of intent to sell the general partner interests in 17 of the ERC partnerships to a developer.  This transaction did not close and, in October 2008, we terminated the contract and have changed management.  As the portfolio continues to mature, individual properties continue to reach stabilized operations on a regular basis.
 
 
- 154 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
Summary of Impact
 
The partnerships are summarized as follows:
 
   
Number
 
Centerline
Sponsored
Fund is Equity
Partner
 
Included in
Credit
Intermediated
Funds
 
Centerline
Holds GP
Interest
 
Third Party is
Equity Partner
 
 
PRS Partnerships
                         
Lease-Up
   
7
   
6
   
3
   
6
   
1
 
Stabilized
   
5
   
--
   
--
   
--
   
5
 
Subtotal
   
12
   
6
   
3
   
6
   
6
 
                                 
CRG Partnerships
                         
Lease-Up
   
8
   
7
   
4
   
4
   
1
 
Subtotal
   
8
   
7
   
4
   
4
   
1
 
                                 
GCG Partnerships
                         
Lease-Up
   
2
   
2
   
1
   
--
   
--
 
Subtotal
   
2
   
2
   
1
   
--
   
--
 
                                 
ERC Partnerships
                         
Lease-Up
   
15
   
15
   
13
   
14
   
--
 
Stabilized
   
3
   
3
   
1
   
3
   
--
 
Subtotal
   
18
   
18
   
14
   
17
   
--
 
 
Total
   
40
   
33
   
22
   
27
   
7
 

 
Our potential exposure falls into two categories as follows:
 
 
Cash required to bring the properties to break-even operation – As of December 31, 2008, advances outstanding totaled $35.1 million, net of reserves.  These advances, and additional loans, are assessed periodically for collectability.  In 2008, we recorded reserves (net of recoveries) of $0.8 million, all recorded during the first half of the year, related to these advances.
 
The assets continue to be actively managed to minimize the necessary cash flow outlays and maximize the performance of each asset.  It is anticipated that the properties will, in the aggregate, require $3.6 million of additional cash during 2009 to fund cash flow deficits at the property level. The properties continue to stabilize.
 
 
Potential cost to provide specified yields – As noted in the table above, 22 of the partnerships are included in credit intermediated funds, for which we are obligated to provide specified yields (see D. Yield Transactions below).  As construction delays are likely to reduce the expected yields of the properties themselves, performance of the funds is likely to be impacted as well.  The obligations, however, provide for expected yields on pools of properties, some of which are performing above expected levels and the funds themselves often provide for adjustors that may mitigate the negative impact that would arise from the construction delays over the guarantee period covered by the agreements.  Our current estimate given these factors, and assuming that the property level partnerships meet their obligations under existing partnership agreements, is that no exposure under these agreements is probable at this time.
 
B.  Forward Transactions
 
At December 31, 2008, our Commercial Real Estate subsidiaries had forward commitments under Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac programs of $199.2 million for mortgages to be funded through October 2010, and each lending commitment has an associated sale commitment.
 
In addition, those subsidiaries had commitments to sell mortgages that have either been funded (some of which have forward commitments as noted above) or have been committed and/or “rate locked”.  Those that have been funded as of December 31, 2008, totaled $47.1 million and are included in “Investments – Other” as “Mortgage loans held for sale” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.  We expect to fund $28.7 million of committed and/or “rate locked” loans in 2009.
 
 
- 155 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
C.  Mortgage Loan Loss Sharing Agreements
 
Pursuant to a master loss sharing agreement under the Fannie Mae Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS”) program, we assume responsibility for a portion of any loss that may result from borrower defaults, based on Fannie Mae loss sharing formulas.  At December 31, 2008, a significant proportion of our loans sold to Fannie Mae consisted of Level I loans, meaning, in most cases, that we are responsible for the first 5% of the unpaid principal balance and a portion of any additional losses to a maximum of 20% of the original principal balance; Fannie Mae bears any remaining loss.  Pursuant to this agreement, we are responsible for funding 100% of mortgagor delinquency (principal and interest) and servicing (taxes, insurance and foreclosure costs) advances until the amounts advanced exceed 5% of the unpaid principal balance at the date of default.  Thereafter, we may request interim loss sharing adjustments which allow us to fund 25% of such advances until final settlement under the agreement.
 
We also participate in loss sharing transactions under Freddie Mac’s Delegated Underwriting Initiative (“DUI”) program whereby we originate loans that are purchased by Freddie Mac.  Under the terms of our master agreement with Freddie Mac, we are obligated to reimburse Freddie Mac for a portion of any loss that may result from borrower defaults in DUI transactions.  For such loans, if a default occurs, our share of the standard loss will be the first 5% of the unpaid principal balance and 25% of the next 20% of the remaining unpaid principal balance to a maximum of 10% of the unpaid principal balance.  The loss on a defaulted loan is calculated as the unpaid principal amount due, unpaid interest due and default resolutions costs (taxes, insurance, operation and foreclosure costs) less recoveries.
 
Our maximum exposure at December 31, 2008, pursuant to these agreements, was $952.7 million (representing what we would owe in accordance with the loss sharing percentages with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac described above if every loan defaulted and losses were incurred in amounts equal to or greater than these levels for which we are responsible), although this amount is not indicative of our actual potential losses.  We maintain an allowance for loan losses for loans originated under these product lines at a level that, in management’s judgment, is adequate to provide for estimated losses.  At December 31, 2008, that reserve was $13.1 million which represents our estimate of potential losses.  The reserve is recorded as a reduction of mortgage servicing rights (see Note 11).  In addition, we recorded charges of $1.5 million during 2008, for specific losses, which were paid in cash during the year, under our mortgage loan loss sharing agreement with Fannie Mae.
 
As of December 31, 2008, we maintained collateral (consisting of cash, commercial paper and a money market account) of $10.4 million, which is included in “restricted cash” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, to satisfy the Fannie Mae collateral requirements of $10.3 million.
 
We are also required by the master agreement with Freddie Mac to provide collateral in the amount of 8% of the original principal balance as security for payment of the reimbursement obligation.  The collateral can include a combination of the net worth of one of our mortgage banking subsidiaries, a letter of credit and/or cash.  To help cover this collateral requirement, we have a letter of credit arrangement with Bank of America as a part of our Revolving Credit Facility (see Note 14).  At December 31, 2008, commitments under this agreement totaled $12.0 million.
 
D.  Yield Transactions
 
We have entered several credit intermediation agreements with either Natixis or Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. (“Merrill Lynch”) (each a “Primary Intermediator”) to provide agreed-upon rates of return for pools of multifamily properties to tax credit funds sponsored by a subsidiary.  In return, we have or will receive fees, generally at the start of each credit intermediation period.  There are a total of 19 outstanding agreements to provide the specified returns:
 
 
·
through the construction and lease-up phases of the properties;
 
·
for the period from the completion of the construction and lease-up phases through the operating phase of the properties; or
 
·
covering both periods.
 
Total potential exposure pursuant to these transactions is $1.6 billion, assuming the funds achieve no return whatsoever.  Of these totals, seven of the agreements (with $788.2 million of the potential exposure) are transacted by our bankruptcy remote subsidiary, Centerline Financial.
 
We have analyzed the expected operations of the underlying properties and believe there is no risk of loss at this time.  Should our analysis of risk of loss change in the future, a provision for possible losses might be required pursuant to SFAS 5.  The fair value of these obligations, representing the deferral of the fee income over the obligation periods, was $31.4 million as of December 31, 2008.  This amount is included in “Deferred revenues” within “Accounts payable, accrued expense and other liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. (Refer also to PRS/CRG/ERC above, regarding potential exposure under existing obligations).
 
 
 
- 156 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
As of December 31, 2008, we maintained collateral consisting of cash deposits of $67.2 million which is included in “Deposits Receivable” within “Deferred costs and other assets, net” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, to satisfy Merrill Lynch’s collateral requirements.
 
E.  Impact of Hurricanes
 
During the third quarter of 2008, two hurricanes (Gustav and Ike) struck the Gulf Coast region of the United States.  While all of our businesses are involved in properties in the areas affected by the storms, few of the properties suffered damage severe enough to affect our results of operations.  Based upon the information available to date, our financial exposure is expected to be immaterial.  However, it will take some time to assess the full ramifications of the hurricanes.  We believe that insurance is adequate in most cases to cover the damages and will continue to monitor the claims process.
 
F.  Legal Contingencies
 
We are subject to routine litigation and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business.  In addition, we are party to the following actions:
 
Putative Class and Derivative Actions
 
In 2008, we and our trustees were named as defendants in fourteen shareholder putative class and/or derivative actions arising out of our announcements in late 2007 that (i) we had taken steps to transition our business to more of a fund manager and in connection with such action intended to reduce the dividend payable on our common shares from that which had been paid in prior years and (ii) we had committed to sell and then sold the 11.0% Preferred Shares to an affiliate of TRCLP (see Note 19).  Six of these cases are putative class actions pending in federal court in New York that assert claims under the federal securities laws.  The other eight cases are primarily derivative actions, although some purport also to assert class claims, arising under state law.  Each of the actions is summarized below.
 
Federal Securities Cases
 
On January 18, 2008, the first of the federal securities putative class actions was filed against us and certain of our officers and trustees in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.  Thereafter, five other, essentially duplicative putative class actions were also filed in the same court.  The complaint in each case asserted that we and other defendants allegedly violated federal securities law by failing to disclose in a timely fashion our December 2007 transaction with Freddie Mac.  On May 5, 2008, the Court designated Centerline Investor Group, which is made up of several shareholders, as lead plaintiff for these cases.  Pursuant to the Court’s stipulation and order dated March 3, 2008, the lead plaintiff filed a consolidated complaint on July 7, 2008 in this action, In re Centerline Holding Company Securities Litigation, No. 08 CV 00505.  The consolidated complaint also alleges violations of the federal securities laws in connection with our announcement of the Freddie Mac transaction, changes to the Company’s business model, and the reduction in dividend guidance policy, and seeks an unspecified amount of compensatory damages and other relief on behalf of all persons or entities that purchased the common stock of Centerline Holding Company during the period March 12, 2007 through December 28, 2007.  The defendants in this action filed a motion to dismiss the consolidated complaint on October 27, 2008 and the motion was granted by U.S District Court Judge Shira Scheindlin on January 12, 2009.  Judge Scheindlin granted the plaintiff leave to replead, and the plaintiff has until March 13, 2009 to file an amended complaint.
 
Derivative Lawsuits
 
On January 15, 2008, the first of the state law cases, a putative class and derivative action, entitled Off v. Ross, CA No. 3468-VCP, was filed against us, our Board of Trustees and TRCLP in the Delaware Court of Chancery.  The lawsuit concerns our sale of a new issue of convertible preferred stock to an affiliate of TRCLP.  The lawsuit alleges claims for breach of fiduciary duty against the Trustees and seeks an unspecified amount of compensatory damages from them as well as injunctive relief against all defendants.  Thereafter, seven other derivative lawsuits asserting the same or similar claims were filed in state and federal courts in New York and in the Delaware Chancery Court.  Four of these later-filed actions also allege that the trustees breached their fiduciary duties to us by allegedly violating the federal securities laws (as alleged in the federal securities lawsuits described above).  We are named solely as a nominal defendant in all eight derivative actions and no monetary relief is sought against us in any of those cases.  The seven derivative actions filed subsequent to the Off case are:
 
 
- 157 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
 
·
On January 18, 2008, Kramer v. Ross, et al., Index. No. 100861-08, was filed against us and our board of trustees, in New York County Supreme Court;
 
·
On January 25, 2008, Carfagno v. Schnitzer, et al., No. 08 CV 00912, was filed against us and our board of trustees in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York;
 
·
On January 30, 2008, Ciszerk v. Ross, et al., CA No. 3511, was filed against us, our board of trustees and The Related Companies, L.P. in the Delaware Court of Chancery;
 
·
On February 22, 2008, Kanter v. Ross, et al., 08 Civ. 01827, was filed against us, our board of trustees and The Related Companies, L.P. in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York;
 
·
On February 27, 2008, Broy v. Centerline Holding Company et al., No. 08 CV 01971, was filed against us and certain of our officers and trustees in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York;
 
·
On April 10, 2008, Kastner v. Schnitzer et al, Index No. 601043-08, was filed against us and our board of trustees, in New York Supreme Court; and
 
·
On April 10, 2008, Kostecka v. Schnitzer et al, Index No. 601044-08, was filed against us and our board of trustees, in New York Supreme Court.
 
On April 28, 2008, a consolidated amended verified complaint alleging breaches of fiduciary duties of loyalty, candor, due care, fair dealing, waste of corporate assets and unjust enrichment, was filed against us and our board of trustees in Carfagno v. Schnitzer et al., 08 CV 912 (SAS) and Broy v. Blau, 08 CV 1971 (SAS), pending in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York.  The action is styled both as a derivative suit and as a class action on behalf of all holders of Centerline securities who qualified to purchase our 11.0% Preferred Shares pursuant to the rights offering but who did not do so.  Under the scheduling order adopted by the Court, fact discovery has been completed and defendants have filed a motion for summary judgment and the plaintiff has filed a reply brief.

A settlement with the plaintiff in the Off case based on the rights offering (see Note 19) was negotiated, but on November 26, 2008, the Delaware Chancery rejected the settlement and stayed any further proceedings in the action, pending resolution of the Carfagno case.  As a  result, several of the other derivative lawsuits that had been voluntarily stayed by the plaintiffs are now subject to various stipulations deferring further activity in those actions until a decision on the pending summary judgment motion in Carfagno (described above)  or,  in  one  case, pending further activity in the consolidated securities class action.
 
In addition, the outside members of the Board of Trustees have received a letter from one of our purported shareholders demanding that they investigate potential claims against our officers and others arising out of the allegations asserted in the federal securities litigation.  The independent Trustees determined, at their meeting on March 12, 2008, to defer further consideration of the letter until after the Court before which the securities litigation is pending had decided the motion to dismiss described above.  Now that the motion to dismiss has been decided in favor of the defendants, counsel for the shareholder has been notified that further action by the board will be delayed until it is determined whether the plaintiff in the federal securities litigation repleads its complaint.
 
Other
 
On or about December 31, 2008, our subsidiaries and affiliated funds completed the settlement of the previously disclosed consolidated lawsuits, Silverwood Alliance Apartments, LLC, et al. v. Affordable Housing Partnership Alliance LLC, et al., Case No. 06-2-40705-9SEA (Wash. King Co. Super. Ct.), and Viewcrest Bremerton, LLC v. Related Capital Housing Partnership I, L.P. - Series 3, et al., Case No. C06-5459RSM (W.D. Wash.).  In accordance with this settlement, all claims and counterclaims asserted against our subsidiaries and affiliated funds have been or will be dismissed with prejudice.  Our subsidiaries and affiliated funds did not pay any money in connection with this settlement, other than payments made in accordance with the original Viewcrest transaction documents.  Our subsidiaries and affiliated funds involved with the Silverwood project received over $1.8 million in settlement of their claims.  Each of our subsidiaries and affiliated funds involved with this litigation gave and received mutual releases extinguishing all claims and counterclaims that were asserted or that could have been asserted in the litigation.
 
On or about October 30, 2008, a complaint was filed in the District Court of Dallas County, Texas that names the company, its subsidiaries and an affiliated fund as defendants.  The lawsuit is entitled Dallas/Glen Hills 2003 L.P., et al. v. Centerline Corporate Partners V, L.P., et al., Case No. 08-13801.  To the best of our knowledge, the citation and complaint have not yet been served on any of the defendants.  The complaint alleges claims for breach of contract and breach of fiduciary duty and seeks unspecified amounts of actual damages, prejudgment interest, exemplary damages and attorneys’ fees.  We believe this lawsuit is without merit and that the Company, its subsidiaries and affiliated fund have substantial defenses to it, including, among other things, that the claims asserted in the complaint were released in a Settlement Agreement dated as of July 29, 2008 and amended as of October 6, 2008.  We have demanded that the plaintiffs voluntarily dismiss their lawsuit with prejudice.  If the plaintiffs decline to dismiss their action and instead ultimately serve the complaint, then we intend to defend against this action vigorously and to assert our own counterclaims against the plaintiffs.
 
 
- 158 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
 
G.  Funding Commitments
 
CUC
 
Our membership interest in CUC (see Note 28) includes a co-investment obligation amounting to 2.5% of capital invested.  Based upon the current funding limit of CUC, we have remaining commitments as of December 31, 2008, of less than $100,000.
 
Investments in CMBS and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships
 
We participate as co-investor in the CMBS and High-Yield Debt Fund Partnerships we sponsor (see Notes 13, 17 and 24).  As of December 31, 2008, we had remaining unfunded capital commitments related to the High-Yield Debt Fund Partnership of $1.2 million.
 
Lease Obligations
 
The future minimum payments and income from subleases for operating leases as of December 31, 2008, were as follows:
 
(in thousands)
 
Minimum
lease
payments
 
Sublease
income
 
Net
minimum
lease
payments
 
                     
Year Ending December 31,
                   
2009
 
$
21,008
 
$
(1,318
)
$
19,690
 
2010
   
22,153
   
(1,349
)
 
20,804
 
2011
   
20,613
   
(1,317
)
 
19,296
 
2012
   
19,720
   
(1,317
)
 
18,403
 
2013
   
20,101
   
(302
)
 
19,799
 
Thereafter
   
170,428
   
--
   
170,428
 
 
Total
 
$
274,023
 
$
(5,603
)
$
268,420
 

 
The Company has entered into a lease with a fund managed by The Blackstone Group for space which it no longer intends to occupy.  In connection therewith, a lien was placed on the leasehold by the contractor hired to improve the space.  It will be necessary for the Company to make arrangements for removal of that lien and settlement of the obligations owed to the landlord.  At this time we are unable to predict the amount required to settle.  If the Company is unable to settle these obligations, it may have an adverse effect on the Company and its business.
 
We recorded rent expense of $17.5 million in 2008, $8.9 million in 2007 and $9.2 million in 2006.
 
H.  Other Contingent Liabilities
 
We have entered into several transactions pursuant to the terms of which we will provide credit support to construction lenders for project completion and Fannie Mae conversion.  In some instances, we have also agreed to acquire subordinated bonds to the extent the construction period bonds do not fully convert.  In some instances, we also provide payment, operating deficit, recapture and replacement reserve guarantees as business requirements for developers to obtain construction financing.  Our maximum aggregate exposure relating to these transactions was $171.8 million as of December 31, 2008 (although, to date, we have had minimal exposure to losses under these transactions and anticipate no material liquidity requirements in satisfaction of any guarantee issued).  The fair value of these obligations, representing the deferral of the fee income over the obligation periods, was $0.3 million as of December 31, 2008.  This amount is included in “Deferred revenues” within “Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 
 
- 159 -


CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(continued)
 
 
Centerline Financial has entered into three credit intermediation agreements to provide for monthly principal and interest debt service payments for debt owed by property partnerships owned by third parties, only to the extent there is a shortfall in payment from the underlying property.  In return, we receive fees monthly based on a fixed rate until the expiration of the agreements which occur in 2009 and 2023.  Total potential exposure pursuant to these transactions is $44.0 million as well as monthly interest obligations, assuming the bonds default and cannot be sold.  The recourse upon default would be to acquire the bond and foreclose on the underlying property at which point the property would either be rehabilitated or sold.  The fair value of the obligations, representing the deferral of the fee income over the obligation period, was $1.1 million as of December 31, 2008.  This amount is included in “Deferred revenues” within “Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
 
We may, from time to time, originate and sell loans that would allow the buyer to put the loan back to us.  Exercise of any remedies in an agreement pertaining to the sale of an asset are generally subject to a “commercially reasonable” standard, including the exercise of remedies within a commercially reasonable period of time.  As of December 31, 2008, there was one loan (we originated and sold in 2007) the put terms of which could require us to pay $35.8 million to its purchaser if the loan did not meet certain requirements. The purchaser of the loan has not pursued its right to put the loan to us and external factors unrelated to the loan now affect the ability of the loan to meet such requirements. In the opinion of management, a commercially reasonable period of time for exercise of the put has lapsed and external factors unrelated to the creation of the put now exist which should preclude the exercise of the put.
 
 
NOTE 31 – Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
 
   
2008 Quarter Ended
 
   
March 31
 
June 30
 
September 30(2)
 
December 31(3)
 
 
Total revenues
 
$
134,188
 
$
129,774
 
$
128,188
 
$
119,425
 
Loss before income taxes
 
$
(20,590
)
$
(2,374
)
$
(149,710
)
$
(55,658
)
Net loss
 
$
(21,639
)
$
(2,329
)
$
(150,725
)
$
(57,465
)
Net loss per share(1)
                         
Basic and diluted
 
$
(0.74
)
$
(0.19
)
$
(3.03
)
$
(1.22
)
Weighted average shares outstanding
                         
Basic and diluted
   
51,864
   
51,725
   
51,931
   
52,463
 
   
 
2007 Quarter Ended
 
   
March 31
 
June 30
 
September 30
 
December 31(4)
 
 
Total revenues
 
$
117,165
 
$
135,064
 
$
158,351
 
$
162,347
 
(Loss) income before income taxes
 
$
(17,691
)
$
4,667
 
$
9,081
 
$
(51,678
)
Net income
 
$
(14,745
)
$
4,980
 
$
10,640
 
$
(61,003
)
Net(loss) income per share(1):
                         
Basic
 
$
(0.27
)
$
0.07
 
$
0.17
 
$
(1.15
)
Diluted
 
$
(0.27
)
$
0.06
 
$
0.16
 
$
(1.15
)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
                         
Basic
   
57,957
   
57,219
   
56,582
   
56,959
 
Diluted
   
57,957
   
58,690
   
57,736
   
56,959
 

(1)
The total for the year may differ from the sum of the quarters as a result of weighting.
(2)
During the quarter, we recorded an estimated goodwill impairment of $60.0 million (see Note 11), intangible asset impairment charges of $55.2 million related to our transactional relationships with Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae (see Note 11) and impairment charges of $77.7 million with respect to intangible assets, preferred interests and our loan associated with AMAC (see Notes 11 and 28).  All of these amounts are before minority interest allocations.
(3)
We recorded an additional goodwill impairment charge of $32.7 million (before minority interest allocations).
(4)
The December 2007 re-securitization transaction (see Note 7) resulted in a net loss of $55.4 million ($77.9 million before minority interest allocations).
 
 

 
- 160 -

 
 

 
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
 
 
None.
 
Item 9A.
 
Controls and Procedures.
 
 
(a)
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.  Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this annual report.  Based on such evaluation, such officers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this annual report were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
 
(b)
 
Internal Control over Financial Reporting.  There have not been any significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.  Refer to Management’s Report on the Effectiveness of Internal Control over Financial Reporting on page 75.
 
Item 9B.
 
Other Information
 
 
None.
 


 
- 161 -

 


PART III
 
Item 10.
 
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
 
 
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act.
 
Item 11.
 
Executive Compensation.
 
 
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act.
 
Item 12.
 
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
 
 
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act.
 
Item 13.
 
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
 
 
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act.
 
Item 14.
 
Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
 
 
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our definitive proxy statement to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act.
 

 
 
- 162 -


 
PART IV
 
Item 15.
 
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
 
     
Sequential
Page
(a)1.
 
Financial Statements
 
     
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
 
78
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2008 and 2007
 
 
79
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
 
 
80
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
 
 
81
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
 
 
82
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
84
 
 
(a)2.
 
Financial Statement Schedules
 
 
 
Schedule I – Condensed Financial Information of Registrant
 
 
173
 
 
 
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
 
 
177
 
 
 
All other schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.
 
(a)3.
 
Exhibits
 
 
3(i)a
 
Certificate of Business Trust dated as of August 12, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of our Registration Statement on Form 10, filed with the Commission on August 1, 1997).
 
 
3(i)b
 
Certificate of Amendment of the Restated Certificate of Business Trust (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of our Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed with the Commission on November 25, 2003).
 
 
3(i)c
 
Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Trust, effective April 2, 2008 and dated March 28, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on April 6, 2007).
 
 
3(i)d
 
Second Amended and Restated Trust Agreement dated as of November 17, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1(c) of our December 31, 2005 Annual Report on Form 10-K).
 
 
3(i)e
 
Amendment No. 1 to Second Amended and Restated Trust Agreement dated as of September 20, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on September 22, 2005).
 
 
3(i)f
 
Amendment No. 2 to Second Amended and Restated Trust Agreement dated as of November 30, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of our Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Commission on January 3, 2006).
 
 
3(i)g
 
Amendment No. 3 to Second Amended and Restated Trust Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1(a) of our June 30, 2006 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
 
 
3(i)h
 
Amendment No. 4 to the Second Amended and Restated Trust Agreement, effective April 2, 2008 and dated March 28, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on April 6, 2007).
 
 
 
 
- 163 -

 

 
3(ii)a
 
Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws of CharterMac, dated March 14, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on March 20, 2007).
 
 
3(ii)b
 
Amendment No. 1 to the Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Centerline Holding Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on April 6, 2007).
 
 
3(ii)c
 
Amendment No. 2 to Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Centerline Holding Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on October 31, 2008).
 
 
3(ii)d
 
Amendment No. 3 to Fifth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Centerline Holding Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 16, 2008).
 
 
4(a)
 
Specimen Copy of Share Certificate for shares of our beneficial interest (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of our Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed with the Commission on November 25, 2003).
 
 
4(b)
 
Certificate of Designation of Special Preferred Voting Shares, dated November 17, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 of our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on December 1, 2003).
 
 
4(c)
 
Amendment No. 1 to the Certificate of Designation of Special Preferred Voting Shares of Centerline Holding Company, effective May 4, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on May 10, 2007).
 
 
4(d)
 
Certificate of Designation for 4.40% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Shares, Series A-1 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on August 3, 2005).
 
 
4(e)
 
Certificate of Designation for 11.0% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Shares, Series A-1 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 31, 2007).
 
 
10(a)
 
Contribution Agreement dated as of December 17, 2002 (incorporated by reference to our Preliminary Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Commission on February 2, 2003).
 
 
10(b)
 
Ross Non-Qualified Share Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of our Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on November 25, 2003).
 
 
10(c)
 
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of November 17, 2003, by and among our Company and APH Associates L.P., DLK Associates L.P., Marc Associates, L.P., Related General II, L.P. and SJB Associates L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of our Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on November 25, 2003).
 
 
10(d)
 
Registration Rights Agreement, dated January 25, 2007, between Centerline Holding Company and Related Special Assets LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 31 2007).
 
 
10(e)
 
Restricted Share Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of our Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on November 25, 2003).
 
 
10(f)
 
Management Agreement dated as of November 17, 2003, between us and Related Capital Company LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) of our December 31, 2003 Annual Report on Form 10-K).
 
 
10(g)
 
Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of CharterMac Capital Company LLC, dated as of November 17, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.7 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 1, 2003).
 
 

 
- 164 -

 

 
10(h)
 
Special Preferred Voting Shares Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 17, 2003, by and among the Company and APH Associates L.P., DLK Associates L.P., Marc Associates, L.P., Related General II, L.P. and SJB Associates L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.8 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 1, 2003).
 
 
10(i)
 
Standstill Agreement, dated as of November 17, 2003, by and among the Company and APH Associates L.P., DLK Associates L.P., Marc Associates, L.P., Related General II, L.P. and SJB Associates L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.9 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 1, 2003).
 
 
10(j)
 
Voting Agreement, dated as of November 17, 2003, by and among the Company and APH Associates L.P., DLK Associates L.P., Marc Associates, L.P., Related General II, L.P. and SJB Associates L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.10 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 1, 2003).
 
 
10(k)
 
Exchange Rights Agreement, dated as of November 17, 2003, by and among CharterMac Capital Company, LLC, CharterMac Corporation, APH Associates L.P., DLK Associates L.P, Marc Associates, L.P., Related General II, L.P. and SJB Associates L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.11 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 1, 2003).
 
 
10(l)
 
Lock-up Agreement of Marc D. Schnitzer, dated November 17, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.14 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 1, 2003).
 
 
10(m)
 
Lock-Up Agreement of Stephen M. Ross, dated November 17, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.16 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 1, 2003).
 
 
10(n)
 
Future Relations Agreement, dated as of November 17, 2003, by and among Stephen Ross, Related General II L.P., RCMP Management Inc., the Related Companies, L.P., and CharterMac Capital Company, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.21 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 1, 2003).
 
 
10(o)
 
Shared Services Agreement, dated as of November 17, 2003, by and among The Related Companies, L.P., Related Management Company, and CharterMac Capital Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.24 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 1, 2003).
 
 
10(p)
 
Other Services Agreement, dated November 17, 2003, by and between Relcap Holding Company LLC and CharterMac Capital Company, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.25 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 1, 2003).
 
 
10(q)
 
CharterMac Guaranty, dated December 17, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.27 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 1, 2003).
 
 
10(r)
 
Amended and Restated Incentive Share Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of our Form S-8/A, filed with the Commission on March 2, 2004).
 
 
10(s)
 
Form of Non-Qualified Share Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(af) of our December 31, 2004 Annual Report on Form 10-K).
 
 
10(t)
 
Form of Restricted Share Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(ag) of our December 31, 2004 Annual Report on Form 10-K).
 
 
10(u)
 
Centerline Holding Company 2007 Incentive Share Plan and Form of 2007 Incentive Share Plan (incorporated by reference to our definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Commission on April 23, 2007).
 
 
10(v)
 
Centerline 2007 Outperformance Plan and Form of 2007 Outperformance Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 19, 2007).
 
 
10(w)
 
Centerline Annual Incentive Bonus Program “A” and Form of Centerline Annual Incentive Bonus Program A (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 19, 2007).
 
 
 

 
- 165 -

 

 
10(x)
 
Centerline Annual Incentive Bonus Program “B” and Form of Centerline Annual Incentive Bonus Program B (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 19, 2007).
 
 
10(y)
 
Second Amended and Restated Advisory Services Agreement between American Mortgage Acceptance Company and CharterMac AMI Associates, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(ak) in our December 31, 2005 Annual Report on Form 10-K).
 
 
10(z)
 
First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Advisory Services Agreement between American Mortgage Acceptance Company and CharterMac AMI Associates, Inc., dated July 26, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(y) of our December 31, 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K).
 
 
10(aa)
 
Amended and Restated Credit Note of American Mortgage Acceptance Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on April 26, 2006).
 
 
10(ab)
 
Limited Liability Company Agreement of Centerbrook Holdings LLC and IXIS Financial Products Inc. and Charter Mac Corporation dated June 28, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our June 30, 2006 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
 
 
10(ac)
 
Unitholder and Warrant Agreement among Centerbrook Holdings LLC, IXIS Financial Products Inc. and Charter Mac Corporation, dated as of June 28, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of our June 30, 2006 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
 
 
10(ad)
 
Limited Liability Company Agreement of Centerbrook Financial LLC, dated as of June 28, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of our June 30, 2006 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
 
 
10(ae)
 
Senior Loan Agreement among Centerbrook Financial LLC, the lenders that are party thereto and Citibank, N.A., as senior agent, dated as of June 28, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of our June 30, 2006 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
 
 
10(af)
 
Mezzanine Loan Agreement among Centerbrook Financial LLC, the  lenders that are party thereto and Citibank, N.A., as mezzanine agent,  dated as of June 28, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of our June 30, 2006 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
 
 
10(ag)
 
Subordination and Security Agreement among Centerbrook Financial LLC, Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, and Citibank, N.A., as senior agent and mezzanine agent,  dated as of June 28, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of our June 30, 2006 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
 
 
10(ah)
 
Guarantee Agreement between CharterMac and IXIS Financial Products Inc., dated as of June 28, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of our June 30, 2006 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
 
 
10(ai)
 
Right of First Refusal Letter Agreement among CharterMac and Centerbrook Financial LLC, dated as of June 28, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of our June 30, 2006 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
 
 
10(aj)
 
Fee Letter between IXIS Capital Markets North America Inc. and Centerbrook Holdings LLC, dated as of June 28, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of our June 30, 2006 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
 
 
10(ak)
 
Credit Support Swap between Charter Mac Origination Trust 1 and Centerbrook Financial LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of our June 30, 2006 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
 
 
10(al)
 
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 15, 2006, by and among the Company, ARCap Investors, the Selling Members, ARCap REIT, AISR, CM Corp and CM ARCap Investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on August 21, 2006).
 
 
10(am)
 
Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of November 28, 2006, by and between Robert Levy and CharterMac Capital LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of our current report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 4, 2006).
 
 

 
- 166 -

 

 
10(an)
 
Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement between Centerline Capital LLC and Robert L. Levy dated as of August 10, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on August 16, 2007).
 
 
10(ao)
 
Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement of Robert L. Levy, dated April 17, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on April 18, 2008).
 
 
10(ap)
 
Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement of Robert L. Levy, dated December 31, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 7, 2009).
 
 
10(aq)
 
Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2007, by and between Centerline Capital Group, Inc. and Chris Crouch (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(as) of our December 31, 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K).
 
 
10(ar)
 
Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement of Christopher G. Crouch, dated December 31, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 7, 2009).
 
 
10(as)
 
Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2007, by and between Centerline Capital Group, Inc. and Donald J. Meyer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(as) of our December 31, 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K).
 
 
10(at)
 
Amendment to the Executive Employment Agreement, by and between Centerline Capital Group, Inc. and Donald J. Meyer, dated April 28, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our May 12, 2008 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
 
 
10(au)
 
 
 
10(av)
 
Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2007, by and between Marc D. Schnitzer and CharterMac Capital LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 7, 2007).
 
 
10(aw)
 
Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement of Marc D. Schnitzer, dated April 17, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on April 18, 2008).
 
 
10(ax)
 
Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement of Marc D. Schnitzer, dated December 31, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 7, 2009).
 
 
10(ay)
 
Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2007, by and between Centerline Capital Group, Inc. and Andrew J. Weil (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(av) of our December 31, 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K).
 
 
10(az)
 
Amendment to the Executive Employment Agreement, by and between Centerline Capital Group, Inc. and Andrew J. Weil, dated as of April 15, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4  of our May 12, 2008 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
 
 
10(aaa)
 
 
 
10(abb)
 
Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of January 15, 2007, by and between Centerline Capital Group, Inc. and Nicholas A.C. Mumford. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our May 10, 2007 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
 
 
10(acc)
 
Amendment to the Executive Employment Agreement, by and between Centerline Capital Group, Inc. and Nicholas A.C. Mumford, dated April 15, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of our May 12, 2008 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
 
 
10(add)
 
 
 

 
- 167 -

 

 
10(aee)
 
Amendment to the Executive Employment Agreement, by and between Centerline Capital Group, Inc. and Paul G. Smyth, dated as of April 15, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of our May 12, 2008 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
 
 
10(aff)
 
Separation Agreement, effective March 15, 2007, by and between Alan P. Hirmes and CharterMac Capital, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on March 20, 2007).
 
 
10(agg)
 
Participation OPP Letter between Centerline Holding Company and Robert L. Levy dated as of August 10, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on August 16, 2007).
 
 
10(ba)
 
Participation OPP Letter between Centerline Holding Company and Marc D. Schnitzer dated as of August 10, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on August 16, 2007).
 
 
10(bb)
 
Centerline Holding Company Ross Non-Qualified Share Option Agreement, dated July 13, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on July 18, 2007).
 
 
10(bc)
 
Letter agreement dated July 12, 2007 between Stephen M. Ross and Centerline Holding Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on July 18, 2007).
 
 
10(bd)
 
Amendment to Amended and Restated Incentive Share Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(s) of our December 31, 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K).
 
 
10(be)
 
Warehousing Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of May 30, 2007, among Centerline Mortgage Capital Inc., Centerline Mortgage Partners Inc., and Citicorp USA, Inc., as agent for the lenders, and as a lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 5, 2007).
 
 
10(bf)
 
First Amendment to Warehousing Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of August 29, 2007, among Centerline Mortgage Capital Inc. and Centerline Mortgage Partners Inc, as borrowers, Citicorp USA, Inc., SunTrust Bank and Wachovia Bank, N.A., as lenders, and Citicorp USA, Inc, as agent for the lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on September 5, 2007).
 
 
10(bg)
 
Second Amendment to the Warehousing Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of December 20, 2007, among Centerline Mortgage Capital Inc., Centerline Mortgage Partners Inc., and Citicorp USA, Inc., as agent for the lenders, and as a lender  (incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 27, 2007).
 
 
10(bh)
 
Third Amendment to the Warehousing Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of December 27, 2007, among Centerline Mortgage Capital Inc., Centerline Mortgage Partners Inc., and Bank of America, NA., as agent for the lenders, and as a lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 3, 2007).
 
 
10(bi)
 
Amended and Restated Warehousing Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of May 30, 2008, among Centerline Mortgage Capital Inc, Centerline Mortgage Partners Inc., and Bank of America, N.A., as agent for the lenders, and as a lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 5, 2008).
 
 
10(bj)
 
First Amended and Restated Loan Agreement Between Centerline Holding Company and American Mortgage Acceptance Company, dated September 17, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(bj) of our December 31, 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K).
 
 
10(bk)
 
Bond Exchange Agreement, dated as of December 27, 2007, among Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Centerline 2007-1 EIT Securitization, LLC, Centerline 2008-1 SU Securitization, LLC and Centerline 2007-1 T Securitization, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 3, 2007).
 
 
10(bl)
 
Reimbursement, Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of December 27, 2008, between Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and Centerline Sponsor 2008-2 Securitization, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 3, 2007).
 

 
- 168 -

 

 
10(bm)
 
Series Certificate Agreement, dated as of December 27, 2007, by and between Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, in its corporate capacity, and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, in its capacity as administrator, with respect to Freddie Mac Multifamily Variable Rate Certificates Series M012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 3, 2007).
 
 
10(bn)
 
Series Certificate Agreement, dated as of December 27, 2007, by and between Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, in its corporate capacity, and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, in its capacity as administrator, with respect to Freddie Mac Multifamily Variable Rate Certificates Series M013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 3, 2007).
 
 
10(bo)
 
Series Certificate Agreement, dated as of December 27, 2007, by and between Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, in its corporate capacity, and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, in its capacity as administrator, with respect to Freddie Mac Multifamily Variable Rate Certificates Series M014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 3, 2007).
 
 
10(bp)
 
Limited Support Agreement, dated as of December 27, 2007, between Centerline Guarantor LLC and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 3, 2007).
 
 
10(bq)
 
Limited Support Agreement, dated as of December 27, 2007, between Centerline Holding Company and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 3, 2007).
 
 
10(br)
 
Stabilization Guaranty, Escrow and Security Agreement, dated as of December 27, 2007, between Centerline Stabilization 2008-1 Securitization, LLC and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 3, 2007).
 
 
10(bs)
 
Stabilization Limited Support Agreement, dated as of December 27, 2007, between Centerline Holding Company and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 3, 2007).
 
 
10(bt)
 
Certificate Placement Agreement, dated as of December 27, 2007, among Morgan Stanley & Co., Centerline Holding Company and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 3, 2007).
 
 
10(bu)
 
Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement, dated as of December 27, 2007, by and among Centerline Holding Company, Centerline Capital Group Inc., the Guarantors listed on Schedule 1 thereto, the Lenders named therein, Bank of America, N.A. as agent, Bank of America, N.A., as issuing bank and swingline lender and as administrative agent, Banc of America Securities, LLC and Citicorp USA, Inc., as joint lead arrangers and Banc of America Securities, LLC as book manager (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 3, 2007).
 
 
10(bv)
 
First Amendment to Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement, dated January 22, 2007, by and between Centerline Holding Company, Centerline Capital Group Inc., the Guarantors listed on Schedule 1 thereto and the Required Lenders (incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 28, 2007).
 
 
10(bw)
 
Second Amendment to Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement, dated February 28, 2007, by and among Centerline Holding Company, Centerline Capital Group Inc., the Guarantors listed on Schedule 1 thereto and the Required Lenders (incorporated by reference to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 5, 2007).
 
 
10(bx)
 
Third Amendment to Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement dated August 06, 2008, by and between Centerline Holding Company, Centerline Capital Group Inc., the Guarantors listed on Schedule 1 thereto and the Required Lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on August 12, 2008) .
 
 
 
 
 

 
- 169 -

 

 
10(by)
 
Fourth Amendment to Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement, dated October 31, 2008, by and between Centerline Holding Company, Centerline Capital Group Inc., the Guarantors listed on Schedule 1 thereto and the Required Lenders, including the Term Loan Lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on November 3, 2008).
 
 
10(bz)
 
Fifth Amendment to Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement, dated November 21, 2008 by and between Centerline Holding Company, Centerline Capital Group Inc., the Guarantors listed on Schedule 1 thereto and the Required Lenders, including the Term Loan Lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on November 24, 2008).
 
 
10(ca)
 
Sixth Amendment to Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement, dated December 5, 2008, by and between Centerline Holding Company, Centerline Capital Group Inc., the Guarantors listed on Schedule 1 thereto and the Required Lenders, including the Term Loan Lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 8, 2008).
 
 
10(cb)
 
Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement, dated December 19, 2008, by and among Centerline Holding Company, Centerline Capital Group Inc., the Guarantors listed on Schedule 1 thereto, the Lenders named therein, Bank of America, N.A. as issuing bank and as administrative agent, Banc of America Securities, LLC and Citicorp USA, Inc., as co-lead arrangers and Banc of America Securities, LLC as book manager (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 30, 2008).
 
 
10(cc)
 
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 25, 2007, between Centerline Holding Company and Related Special Assets LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 31, 2007).
 
 
12
 
 
 
21
 
 
 
23
 
 
 
31.1
 
 
 
31.2
 
 
 
32
 
 
 
*
 
Filed herewith.
 

 
- 170 -

 

 
 
SIGNATURES
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
(Registrant)
 
 
Date:
 
March 10, 2009
 
By:
 
/s/ Marc D. Schnitzer
           
Marc D. Schnitzer
Managing Trustee, Chief Executive Officer and
President
(Principal Executive Officer)

 
Date:
 
March 10, 2009
 
By:
 
/s/ Robert L. Levy
           
Robert L. Levy
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
 
CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
(Registrant)
 
 
Date:
 
March 10, 2009
 
By:
 
/s/ Marc D. Schnitzer
           
Marc D. Schnitzer
Managing Trustee, Chief Executive Officer and
President
(Principal Executive Officer)

 
Date:
 
March 10, 2009
 
By:
 
/s/ Robert L. Levy
           
Robert L. Levy
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)



- 171 -

 
 
POWER OF ATTORNEY
 

 
Each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Marc D. Schnitzer and Robert L. Levy, and each or either of them, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report, and to cause the same to be filed, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby granting to said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing whatsoever requisite or desirable to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as the undersigned might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all acts and things that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or either of them, or their substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of us and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
 
/s/ Stephen M. Ross
       
Stephen M. Ross
 
Managing Trustee and Chairman of the Board
 
March 10, 2009
 
/s/ Marc D. Schnitzer
       
Marc D. Schnitzer
 
Managing Trustee, Chief Executive Officer and President
 
March 10, 2009
 
/s/ Jeff T. Blau
       
Jeff T. Blau
 
Managing Trustee
 
March 10, 2009
 
/s/ Robert J. Dolan
       
Robert J. Dolan
 
Managing Trustee
 
March 10, 2009
 
/s/ Jerome Y. Halperin
       
Jerome Y. Halperin
 
Managing Trustee
 
March 10, 2009
 
/s/ Robert L. Loverd
       
Robert L. Loverd
 
Managing Trustee
 
March 10, 2009
 
/s/ Robert A. Meister
       
Robert A. Meister
 
Managing Trustee
 
March 10, 2009
 
/s/ Thomas W. White
       
Thomas W. White
 
Managing Trustee
 
March 10, 2009



 
- 172 -

 

CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
SCHEDULE I
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
(not including its consolidated subsidiaries)
 
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
 
(In thousands)
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2008
 
2007
 
 
ASSETS
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
13
 
$
1,641
 
Investments:
             
Available-for-sale
   
51,094
   
6,113
 
Other investments
   
5,707
   
7,257
 
Investments in and loans to affiliates
   
--
   
654,375
 
Deferred costs and other assets
   
8,865
   
6,096
 
Total assets
 
$
65,679
 
$
675,482
 
 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
Liabilities:
             
Notes payable
 
$
--
 
$
2,605
 
Secured financing
   
62,424
   
3,049
 
Negative carrying value of equity investments (Note 4)
   
516,392
   
--
 
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
   
27,995
   
33,276
 
Distributions payable
   
--
   
26,072
 
Total liabilities
   
606,811
   
65,002
 
 
Redeemable securities
   
326,379
   
69,888
 
Commitments and contingencies
             
 
Shareholders’ (deficit) equity:
             
Beneficial owners equity:
             
4.4% Convertible CRA preferred shares; no par value (no shares issued and outstanding in 2008 and 1,060 shares issued and outstanding in 2007)
   
--
   
51,281
 
Convertible CRA Shares (519 shares issued and outstanding in 2008 and 5,306 shares issued and outstanding in 2007)
   
3,144
   
66,879
 
Special preferred voting shares; no par value (13,131 shares issued and outstanding in 2008 and 14,298 shares issued and outstanding in 2007)
   
131
   
143
 
Common shares; no par value (160,000 shares authorized; 56,662 issued and 52,970 outstanding in 2008 and 53,943 issued and 50,567 outstanding in 2007)
   
338,619
   
592,505
 
Treasury shares of beneficial interest – common, at cost (3,692 shares in 2008 and 3,376 shares in 2007)
   
(65,283
)
 
(64,312
)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
   
(1,144,122
)
 
(105,904
)
Total shareholders’ (deficit) equity
   
(867,511
)
 
540,592
 
 
Total liabilities and equity
 
$
65,679
 
$
675,482
 
               

See accompanying notes to condensed financial statements.


 
- 173 -

 

CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
SCHEDULE I
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
 
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
(In thousands)
 
   
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
Revenues:
                   
Mortgage revenue bond interest income
 
$
20,653
 
$
5,323
 
$
8,025
 
Other revenues
   
2,014
   
12,625
   
16,211
 
Total revenues
   
22,667
   
17,948
   
24,236
 
 
Expenses:
                   
Interest
   
4,474
   
7,700
   
2,595
 
General and administrative
   
8,298
   
6,812
   
8,206
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
--
   
566
   
4,333
 
Impairment of assets
   
564
   
117
   
428
 
Total expenses
   
13,336
   
15,195
   
15,562
 
 
Income before other income
   
9,331
   
2,753
   
8,674
 
                     
Other (loss) income:
                   
Equity in (loss) earnings of subsidiaries
   
(163,214
)
 
(97,880
)
 
32,058
 
Equity in (loss) earnings of investments
   
(78,056
)
 
(4,012
)
 
568
 
(Loss) gain on repayment or sale of investments, net
   
(166
)
 
657
   
(6
)
(Loss) gain on re-securitization of mortgage revenue bonds
   
(53
)
 
38,354
   
--
 
 
Net (loss) income
 
$
(232,158
)
$
(60,128
)
$
41,294
 
 
Allocation of net (loss) income to:
                   
4.4% Convertible CRA preferred shareholders
 
$
38
 
$
4,757
 
$
4,752
 
Common shareholders
   
(228,646
)
 
(57,449
)
 
32,405
 
Convertible CRA shareholders
   
(3,550
)
 
(7,436
)
 
4,137
 
Total
 
$
(232,158
)
$
(60,128
)
$
41,294
 
                     

See accompanying notes to condensed financial statements.


 
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CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
SCHEDULE I
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
 
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
(In thousands)

 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
                   
Net (loss) income
 
$
(68,944
)
$
(60,128
)
$
41,294
 
Reconciling items:
                   
(Gain) loss on repayment of mortgage revenue bonds
   
(123
)
 
(657
)
 
101
 
Impairment of assets
   
500
   
117
   
--
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
--
   
566
   
4,333
 
Gain on re-securitization of mortgage revenue bonds
   
--
   
(38,354
)
 
--
 
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries and unconsolidated entities
   
78,057
   
101,892
   
(32,626
)
Distributions received from subsidiaries and unconsolidated entities
   
137,873
   
255,404
   
349,553
 
Non-cash compensation expense
   
1,512
   
29,640
   
7,036
 
Other non-cash expense
   
(229
)
 
(188
)
 
1,014
 
Reserve for bad debts
   
(93
)
 
497
   
--
 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                   
Deferred revenues
   
(199
)
 
--
   
--
 
Other assets and receivables
   
4,159
   
1,049
   
(4,629
)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
   
(6,304
)
 
25,084
   
2,285
 
Due to / from subsidiaries
   
(170,726
)
 
(39,584
)
 
85,733
 
Net cash flows from operating activities
   
(24,517
)
 
275,338
   
454,094
 
 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
                   
Sale and repayments of available-for-sale securities
   
3,564
   
--
   
--
 
Purchases of available-for-sale securities
   
(26,096
)
 
--
   
--
 
Repayments of mortgage revenue bonds and notes
   
42
   
150,500
   
1,679
 
Mortgage revenue bond acquisitions and fundings
   
(1,144
)
 
(4,004
)
 
(7,683
)
Deferred investment acquisition costs
   
--
   
--
   
226
 
(Investment in) subsidiaries and unconsolidated entities
   
(90,524
)
 
(157,981
)
 
(459,897
)
Return of capital from equity investees
   
254
   
240
   
16,667
 
Loan to AMAC
   
(2,191
)
 
(62,685
)
 
(15,000
)
Other investments
   
--
   
(4,045
)
 
21,806
 
Net cash flows from investing activities
   
(116,095
)
 
(77,975
)
 
(442,202
)
 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
                   
Distributions to shareholders
   
(38,506
)
 
(104,436
)
 
(104,168
)
(Decrease) increase in notes payable
   
--
   
(84,351
)
 
84,375
 
Proceeds from financing arrangements and secured financing
   
62,424
   
3,049
   
--
 
Distributions to minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries
   
(15,299
)
 
--
   
--
 
Proceeds from 11.0% Preferred Shares
   
131,235
   
--
   
--
 
Proceeds from 11.0% Preferred Shares rights offering
   
4,365
   
--
   
--
 
Proceeds from stock options exercised
   
--
   
678
   
756
 
Retirement of special preferred voting shares
   
960
   
(6)
   
1,889
 
Treasury stock purchases
   
(4,365
)
 
(36,294
)
 
(20,447
)
Deferred financing costs
   
(1,830
)
 
--
   
(1,450
)
 
Net cash flows from financing activities
   
138,984
   
(221,360
)
 
(39,045
)
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
   
(1,628
)
 
(23,997
)
 
(27,153
)
 
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period
   
1,641
   
25,638
   
52,791
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period
 
$
13
 
$
1,641
 
$
25,638
 
 
Supplemental information
                   
 
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities:
                   
Contribution of mortgage revenue bonds to subsidiaries
 
$
--
 
$
3,336
 
$
35,413
 
 
Distribution of mortgage revenue bonds from subsidiaries
 
$
36,670
 
$
--
 
$
37,155
 
 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
                   
Recognized sale of re-securitized mortgage revenue bonds:
                   
Reductions in secured financing liability
 
$
(2,790
)
$
--
 
$
--
 
Reduction in mortgage revenue bonds
 
$
2,790
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
Collection of advances to partnerships
 
$
2,605
 
$
--
 
$
--
 
(Decrease) in notes payable
 
$
(2,605
)
$
--
 
$
--
 
 
See accompanying notes to condensed financial statements.
 
 
- 175 -



CENTERLINE HOLDING COMPANY
SCHEDULE I
 
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
1.  Introduction and Basis of Presentation
 
Basis of Financial Information
 
The accompanying condensed financial statements (the “Parent Company Financial Statements”) are for Centerline Holding Company (not including its subsidiaries).
 
The Parent Company Financial Statements, including the notes thereto, should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto which are included in this Form 10-K.
 
2.  Cash Dividends received from subsidiaries
 
The table below reflects the cash dividends received for each of the last three fiscal years from subsidiaries and 50% or less owned persons accounted for under the equity method.
 
(In thousands)
 
2008
 
2007
 
2006
 
                     
Centerline Investors, L.L.C.
   
--
   
--
   
15,957
 
AMAC
   
254
   
240
   
--
 

 
3.  Guarantees
 
Centerline Holding Company is a party to, and a guarantor of, the Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facility (see Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements).  As of December 31, 2008, all borrowings under this facility were recorded on the balance sheet of its subsidiary Centerline Capital Group.
 
4.  Negative Carrying Value of Equity Investments
 
These Parent Company Financial Statements reflect Centerline Holding Company’s investments in its consolidated subsidiaries on the equity basis of accounting.  In accordance with GAAP, we record our proportionate share of accumulated other comprehensive income for all equity investees.  In addition, if the carrying value of minority interests in a consolidated subsidiary has been reduced to zero, we are required to reflect any losses (included accumulated other comprehensive losses) as a reduction of shareholders’ equity.  The carrying value of the equity investments included in these Parent Company Financial Statements includes $894.7 million of accumulated other comprehensive losses related to consolidated partnerships that we recognized after minority interests in those entities reached zero.  We are not required to fund any such losses should they be realized by the consolidated partnerships.
 

 

 
- 176 -

 

Schedule II
 
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
December 31, 2008
 
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
 
       
Additions
         
(in thousands)
 
Balance at
Beginning of
Period
 
Charged to
Costs and
Expenses
 
 
Charged to
Other
Accounts
 
Deductions(1)
 
Balance at
End of
Period
 
                                 
2008
 
$
18,350
 
$
9,779
 
$
(170
)
$
(6,724
)
$
21,235
 
2007
   
10,408
   
17,450
   
--
   
(9,508
)
 
18,350
 
2006
   
15,083
   
4,953
   
(373
)(2)
 
(9,255
)
 
10,408
 
 
(1)      Relates to either (a) receipt of previously reserved receivables related to tax credit fund sponsorship or (b) receipt of previously reserved interest receivable balances for mortgage revenue bonds.
(2)      Receipt of previously reserved interest amounts, net of additional reserves.


 
- 177 -