10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2020

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period From   to  

Commission File Number: 000-23189

C.H. ROBINSON WORLDWIDE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	41-1883630
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

14701 Charlson Road

Eden Prairie, MN 55347

(Address of principal executive officers, including zip code)

952-937-8500

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.10 par value	CHRW	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Date File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐	Emerging Growth Company	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of April 29, 2020, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.10 per share, was 134,609,978.

C.H. ROBINSON WORLDWIDE, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	PART I. Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Investment for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	28
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	28
	PART II. Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	29
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	29
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	30
Item 3.	Defaults on Senior Securities	30
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	30
Item 5.	Other Information	30
Item 6.	Exhibits	30
	Signatures	31

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

C.H. ROBINSON WORLDWIDE, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	294,572	$	447,858
Receivables, net of allowance for credit loss of $32,472 and $32,838	2,092,613		1,974,381
Contract assets, net of allowance for credit loss	123,558		132,874
Prepaid expenses and other	95,896		85,005
Total current assets	2,606,639		2,640,118
Property and equipment, net	211,799		208,423
Goodwill	1,450,999		1,291,760
Other intangible assets, net	132,013		90,931
Right-of-use lease assets	345,908		310,860
Deferred tax assets	14,605		13,485
Other assets	86,357		85,483
Total assets	$	4,848,320	$	4,641,060
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ INVESTMENT
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,098,905	$	984,604
Outstanding checks	51,649		78,231
Accrued expenses:
Compensation	88,528		112,784
Transportation expense	93,900		101,194
Income taxes	14,473		12,354
Other accrued liabilities	65,930		62,706
Current lease liabilities	70,423		61,280
Current portion of debt	320,917		142,885
Total current liabilities	1,804,725		1,556,038
Long-term debt	1,092,660		1,092,448
Noncurrent lease liabilities	286,210		259,444
Noncurrent income taxes payable	21,576		22,354
Deferred tax liabilities	55,766		39,776
Other long-term liabilities	265		270
Total liabilities	3,261,202		2,970,330
Stockholders’ investment:
Preferred stock, $0.10 par value, 20,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $0.10 par value, 480,000 shares authorized; 179,700 and 179,380 shares issued, 134,586 and 134,895 outstanding	13,459		13,490
Additional paid-in capital	533,819		546,646
Retained earnings	4,153,109		4,144,834
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(108,344)		(76,149)
Treasury stock at cost (45,114 and 44,485 shares)	(3,004,925)		(2,958,091)
Total stockholders’ investment	1,587,118		1,670,730
Total liabilities and stockholders’ investment	$	4,848,320	$	4,641,060

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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C.H. ROBINSON WORLDWIDE, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

(unaudited, in thousands except per share data)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Revenues:
Transportation	$	3,542,118	$	3,504,932
Sourcing	262,890		246,278
Total revenues	3,805,008		3,751,210
Costs and expenses:
Purchased transportation and related services	3,000,113		2,853,256
Purchased products sourced for resale	236,942		219,154
Personnel expenses	330,220		340,098
Other selling, general, and administrative expenses	128,293		114,152
Total costs and expenses	3,695,568		3,526,660
Income from operations	109,440		224,550
Interest and other expense	(15,228)		(17,140)
Income before provision for income taxes	94,212		207,410
Provision for income taxes	16,066		45,622
Net income	78,146		161,788
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(32,195)		5,297
Comprehensive income	$	45,951	$	167,085
Basic net income per share	$	0.58	$	1.17
Diluted net income per share	$	0.57	$	1.16
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	135,474		137,854
Dilutive effect of outstanding stock awards	495		1,101
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	135,969		138,955

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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C.H. ROBINSON WORLDWIDE, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Investment

(unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)

	Common Shares Outstanding	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Treasury Stock		Total Stockholders’ Investment
Balance December 31, 2019	134,895	$	13,490	$	546,646	$	4,144,834	$	(76,149)	$	(2,958,091)	$	1,670,730
Net income						78,146						78,146
Foreign currency adjustments, net of tax								(32,195)				(32,195)
Dividends declared, $0.51 per share						(69,871)						(69,871)
Stock issued for employee benefit plans	343	34		(24,192)						21,632		(2,526)
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures	321	32		(32)								—
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		11,397						—		11,397
Repurchase of common stock	(973)	(97)								(68,466)		(68,563)
Balance March 31, 2020	134,586	$	13,459	$	533,819	$	4,153,109	$	(108,344)	$	(3,004,925)	$	1,587,118

	Common Shares Outstanding	Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock		Total Stockholders’ Investment
Balance December 31, 2018	137,284	$	13,728	$	521,486	$	3,845,593	$	(71,935)	$	(2,713,785)	$	1,595,087
Net income						161,788						161,788
Foreign currency adjustments								5,297				5,297
Dividends declared, $0.50 per share						(69,683)						(69,683)
Stock issued for employee benefit plans	342	34		(11,520)						19,059		7,573
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures	(3)	—		—								—
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		17,123						—		17,123
Repurchase of common stock	(734)	(73)								(64,551)		(64,624)
Balance March 31, 2019	136,889	$	13,689	$	527,089	$	3,937,698	$	(66,638)	$	(2,759,277)	$	1,652,561

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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C.H. ROBINSON WORLDWIDE, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited, in thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	78,146	$	161,788
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	24,393		24,560
Provision for credit losses	5,675		1,774
Stock-based compensation	11,397		17,123
Deferred income taxes	1,622		(364)
Excess tax benefit on stock-based compensation	(3,737)		(4,458)
Other operating activities	788		576
Changes in operating elements (net of acquisitions):
Receivables	(133,142)		117,720
Contract assets	8,713		(5,921)
Prepaid expenses and other	(11,038)		(6,367)
Accounts payable and outstanding checks	98,946		(10,742)
Accrued compensation	(23,879)		(87,259)
Accrued transportation expense	(7,294)		7,331
Accrued income taxes	5,196		39,078
Other accrued liabilities	1,829		1,801
Other assets and liabilities	884		291
Net cash provided by operating activities	58,499		256,931
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment	(7,841)		(8,619)
Purchases and development of software	(6,862)		(5,246)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(223,617)		(44,143)
Other investing activities	—		8
Net cash used for investing activities	(238,320)		(58,000)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from stock issued for employee benefit plans	11,269		19,615
Stock tendered for payment of withholding taxes	(13,795)		(12,042)
Repurchase of common stock	(68,563)		(67,624)
Cash dividends	(69,871)		(69,742)
Proceeds from short-term borrowings	765,600		14,000
Payments on short-term borrowings	(587,600)		(19,000)
Net cash used for financing activities	37,040		(134,793)
Effect of exchange rates on cash	(10,505)		2,720
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(153,286)		66,858
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	447,858		378,615
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	294,572	$	445,473

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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C.H. ROBINSON WORLDWIDE, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc., and our subsidiaries (“the company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) are a global provider of transportation services and logistics solutions operating through a network of offices located in North America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and South America. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc., and our majority owned and controlled subsidiaries. Our minority interests in subsidiaries are not significant. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

Our reportable segments are NAST and Global Forwarding with all other segments included in All Other and Corporate. The All Other and Corporate reportable segment includes Robinson Fresh, Managed Services, Other Surface Transportation outside of North America, and other miscellaneous revenues and unallocated corporate expenses. For financial information concerning our reportable segments, refer to Note 9, Segment Reporting.

The condensed consolidated financial statements, which are unaudited, have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In our opinion, these financial statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

Consistent with SEC rules and regulations, we have condensed or omitted certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. You should read the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU (“Accounting Standards Update”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, and in November 2018 issued a subsequent amendment, ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. This update changes how entities measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The update replaces the historical “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost. The update affects loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope of this amendment that have the contractual right to receive cash. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2020. We have updated our allowance for credit losses, formerly described as our allowance for doubtful accounts, significant accounting policy below as a result of adopting the new standard. The impact of adoption was not material to our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting which provides optional practical expedients to simplify accounting for reference rate reform. Amongst other practical expedients, the update allows for contract modifications due to reference rate reform for certain receivables and debt contracts to be accounted for by prospectively adjusting the effective interest rate. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities beginning on March 12, 2020, and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the effects that adoption of this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, includes a summary of the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. We have updated these policies below to effect the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326 in the first quarter of 2020.

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ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES. Accounts receivable and contract assets are reduced by an allowance for expected credit losses. We determine our allowance for expected credit losses by evaluating two approaches that consider our past credit loss experience, our customers' credit ratings, and other customer specific and macroeconomic factors. The first approach is pooling our customers by credit rating and applying an expected loss ratio based upon credit rating and number of days the receivable has been outstanding, (i.e. aging approach). The second approach is to compute an expected loss ratio for each credit rating pool based upon our historical write-off experience and apply it to our accounts receivable, (i.e. loss ratio approach). These two approaches are evaluated in consideration of other known information and customer specific and macroeconomic factors, including the price of diesel fuel, for purposes of determining the expected credit loss allowance.

NOTE 2. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The change in carrying amount of goodwill is as follows (in thousands):

	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Total
Balance December 31, 2019	$	1,015,570	$	208,420	$	67,770	$	1,291,760
Acquisitions	176,397		507		—		176,904
Translation	(12,592)		(4,222)		(851)		(17,665)
Balance March 31, 2020	$	1,179,375	$	204,705	$	66,919	$	1,450,999

Goodwill is tested at least annually for impairment on November 30, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. We first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units is less than their respective carrying value (“Step Zero Analysis”). If the Step Zero Analysis indicates it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units is less than their respective carrying value, an additional impairment assessment is performed (“Step One Analysis”). We considered whether there were any changes in circumstances indicating that our goodwill might be impaired, including consideration of the impacts of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) on financial markets and our business operations, and determined the more likely than not criteria had not been met, and therefore a Step One Analysis was not required as of March 31, 2020.

Identifiable intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net		Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Finite-lived intangibles
Customer relationships	$	282,180	$	(160,642)	$	121,538	$	237,335	$	(156,879)	$	80,456
Indefinite-lived intangibles
Trademarks	10,475		—		10,475		10,475		—		10,475
Total intangibles	$	292,655	$	(160,642)	$	132,013	$	247,810	$	(156,879)	$	90,931

8

Amortization expense for other intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Amortization expense	$	8,376	$	9,293

Finite-lived intangible assets, by reportable segment, as of March 31, 2020, will be amortized over their remaining lives as follows (in thousands):

	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Total
Remaining 2020	$	6,070	$	19,111	$	450	$	25,631
2021	8,092		13,076		600		21,768
2022	8,092		13,076		600		21,768
2023	8,092		10,969		600		19,661
2024	8,014		3,498		600		12,112
Thereafter	17,024		2,723		851		20,598
Total							$	121,538

NOTE 3. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

Accounting guidance on fair value measurements for certain financial assets and liabilities requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

•Level 1 — Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 — Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

•Level 3 — Unobservable inputs reflecting the reporting entity’s own assumptions or external inputs from inactive markets.

A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

We had no Level 3 assets or liabilities as of and during the periods ended March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019. There were no transfers between levels during the period.

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NOTE 4. FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

The components of our short-term and long-term debt and the associated interest rates were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Average interest rate as of					Carrying value as of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		Maturity	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Revolving credit facility	1.94	%	—	%	October 2023	$	71,000	$	—
Senior Notes, Series A	3.97	%	3.97	%	August 2023	175,000		175,000
Senior Notes, Series B	4.26	%	4.26	%	August 2028	150,000		150,000
Senior Notes, Series C	4.60	%	4.60	%	August 2033	175,000		175,000
Receivables securitization facility (1)	1.64	%	2.41	%	December 2020	249,917		142,885
Senior Notes (1)	4.20	%	4.20	%	April 2028	592,660		592,448
Total debt						1,413,577		1,235,333
Less: Current maturities and short-term borrowing						(320,917)		(142,885)
Long-term debt						$	1,092,660	$	1,092,448

____________________________________________

⁽¹⁾ Net of unamortized discounts and issuance costs.

SENIOR UNSECURED REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY

We have a senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the "Credit Agreement") with a total availability of $1 billion and a maturity date of October 24, 2023. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement generally bear interest at a variable rate determined by a pricing schedule or the base rate (which is the highest of (a) the administrative agent's prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50 percent, or (c) the sum of applicable LIBOR plus 1.125 percent. In addition, there is a commitment fee on the average daily undrawn stated amount under each letter of credit issued under the facility ranging from 0.075 percent to 0.200 percent. The recorded amount of borrowings outstanding approximates fair value because of the short maturity period of the debt; therefore, we consider these borrowings to be a Level 2 financial liability.

The Credit Agreement contains various restrictions and covenants that require us to maintain certain financial ratios, including a maximum leverage ratio of 3.50 to 1.00. The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default. If an event of default under the Credit Agreement occurs and is continuing, then the administrative agent may declare any outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable. In addition, if we become the subject of voluntary or involuntary proceedings under any bankruptcy, insolvency, or similar law, then any outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement will automatically become immediately due and payable.

NOTE PURCHASE AGREEMENT

On August 23, 2013, we entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with certain institutional investors (the “Purchasers”). On August 27, 2013, the Purchasers purchased an aggregate principal amount of $500 million of our Senior Notes, Series A, Senior Notes Series B, and Senior Notes Series C, collectively (the “Notes”). Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears. The fair value of the Notes approximated $511.7 million at March 31, 2020. We estimate the fair value of the Notes primarily using an expected present value technique, which is based on observable market inputs using interest rates currently available to companies of similar credit standing for similar terms and remaining maturities, and considering our own risk. If the Notes were recorded at fair value, they would be classified as Level 2.

The Note Purchase Agreement contains various restrictions and covenants that require us to maintain certain financial ratios, including a maximum leverage ratio of 3.00 to 1.00, a minimum interest coverage ratio of 2.00 to 1.00, and a maximum consolidated priority debt to consolidated total asset ratio of 15 percent.

The Note Purchase Agreement provides for customary events of default. The occurrence of an event of default would permit certain Purchasers to declare certain Notes then outstanding to be immediately due and payable. Under the terms of the Note Purchase Agreement, the Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at 100 percent of the principal amount being redeemed together with a “make-whole amount” (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement), and accrued and unpaid interest with respect to each Note. The obligations of the company under the Note Purchase Agreement and the Notes are guaranteed by C.H. Robinson Company, a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the company, and by C.H. Robinson Company, Inc., a Minnesota corporation and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the company.

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U.S. TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE SECURITIZATION

We have a receivables securitization facility (the “Receivables Securitization Facility”) that currently expires on December 17, 2020, unless extended by the parties. The Receivables Securitization Facility is based on the securitization of certain of our U.S. trade accounts receivable and provides funding of up to $250 million. The interest rate on borrowings under the Receivables Securitization Facility is based on one-month LIBOR plus 0.65 percent. There is also a commitment fee we are required to pay on any unused portion of the facility. The recorded amount of borrowings outstanding on the Receivables Securitization Facility approximates fair value because it can be redeemed on short notice and the interest rate floats, therefore, we consider these borrowings to be a Level 2 financial liability.

The Receivables Securitization Facility contains various customary affirmative and negative covenants, and it also contains customary default and termination provisions which provide for acceleration of amounts owed under the Receivables Securitization Facility upon the occurrence of certain specified events.

SENIOR NOTES

On April 9, 2018, we issued senior unsecured notes ("Senior Notes") through a public offering. The Senior Notes bear an annual interest rate of 4.20 percent payable semi-annually on April 15 and October 15, until maturity on April 15, 2028. Taking into effect the amortization of the original issue discount and all underwriting and issuance expenses, the Senior Notes have an effective yield to maturity of approximately 4.39 percent per annum. The fair value of the Senior Notes, excluding debt discounts and issuance costs, approximated $648.5 million as of March 31, 2020, based primarily on the market prices quoted from external sources. The carrying value of the Senior Notes was $592.7 million as of March 31, 2020. If the Senior Notes were measured at fair value in the financial statements, they would be classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

We may redeem the Senior Notes, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time prior to their maturity at the applicable redemption prices described in the Senior Notes. Upon the occurrence of a “change of control triggering event” as defined in the Senior Notes (generally, a change of control of us accompanied by a reduction in the credit rating for the Senior Notes), we will generally be required to make an offer to repurchase the Senior Notes from holders at 101 percent of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repurchase.

The Senior Notes were issued under an indenture that contains covenants imposing certain limitations on our ability to incur liens, enter into sales and leaseback transactions and consolidate, or merge or transfer substantially all of our assets and those of our subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. It also provides for customary events of default (subject in certain cases to customary grace and cure periods), which include among other things nonpayment, breach of covenants in the indenture, and certain events of bankruptcy and insolvency. If an event of default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Senior Notes, the trustee or holders of at least 25 percent in principal amount outstanding of the Senior Notes may declare the principal and the accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the outstanding Senior Notes to be due and payable. These covenants and events of default are subject to a number of important qualifications, limitations, and exceptions that are described in the indenture. The indenture does not contain any financial ratios or specified levels of net worth or liquidity to which we must adhere.

As of March 31, 2020, we were in compliance with all of the covenants under the Credit Agreement, Note Purchase Agreement, Receivables Securitization Facility, and Senior Notes.

NOTE 5. INCOME TAXES

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and 2019 was 17.1 percent and 22.0 percent, respectively. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020, was lower than the statutory federal income tax rate primarily due to the tax impact of share-based payment awards, which reduced the effective tax rate by 3.6 percentage points, and foreign tax impacts recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2020.

In 2019 we removed our assertion that the unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries were permanently reinvested with limited exceptions. If we repatriated all foreign earnings that are still considered to be permanently reinvested, the estimated effect on income taxes payable would be an increase of approximately $3.9 million as of March 31, 2020.

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). This law included provisions which may benefit us in two primary ways. First, the CARES Act allows for a deferral of the employer share of federal payroll taxes otherwise due through December 31, 2020. 50 percent of the deferred amount is due December 31, 2021 and the remaining 50 percent is due December 31, 2022. This provision allows us to defer certain federal payroll deposits and invest this cash back into our business without any interest cost. We are in the process of determining the amount of cash to be made available as a result of this provision. Second, the CARES Act provides for a tax credit of up to

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$5,000 related to wages and health benefits provided to an employee whose work from March 17, 2020 through December 31, 2020 was impacted by COVID-19. We are in the process of determining the amount of any such credit.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act made broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including but not limited to, reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent and requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries and adding new rules for Global Intangible Low-tax Income (“GILTI”) and Foreign Derived Intangible Income (“FDII”). Although enacted more than two years ago, regulatory guidance on the application of FDII has not been finalized. We have included the tax impact of both GILTI and FDII in our income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and 2019, based on our understanding of the rules available at the time of this filing. However, our calculations could be impacted by future regulations as guidance is finalized. We will continue to monitor any new guidance related to FDII and determine any impact it may have on our calculations.

As of March 31, 2020, we have $38.6 million of unrecognized tax benefits and related interest and penalties. It is possible the amount of unrecognized tax benefit could change in the next 12 months as a result of a lapse of the statute of limitations and settlements with taxing authorities. The total liability for unrecognized tax benefits is expected to decrease by approximately $2.5 million in the next 12 months due to the lapsing of statutes of limitations. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to audits of U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax returns before 2013. We are currently under an Internal Revenue Service audit for 2015, 2016 and 2017 tax years.

NOTE 6. STOCK AWARD PLANS

Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the value of the award and is recognized as expense as it vests. A summary of our total compensation expense recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for stock-based compensation is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Stock options	$	5,013	$	4,249
Stock awards	5,403		11,744
Company expense on ESPP discount	981		1,130
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	11,397	$	17,123

On May 9, 2019, our shareholders approved an amendment and restatement of our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) to increase the number of shares authorized for award by 4,000,000 shares. The Plan allows us to grant certain stock awards, including stock options at fair market value and performance shares and restricted stock units, to our key employees and outside directors. A maximum of 17,041,803 shares can be granted under this plan following the amendment and restatement. Approximately 2,940,625 shares were available for stock awards under the plan as of March 31, 2020. Shares subject to awards that expire or are canceled without delivery of shares or that are settled in cash generally become available again for issuance under the plan.

Stock Options - We have awarded stock options to certain key employees. The fair value of these options is established based on the market price on the date of grant, discounted for post-vesting holding restrictions, calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Changes in measured stock price volatility and interest rates are the primary reasons for changes in the discount. These grants are being expensed based on the terms of the awards. As of March 31, 2020, unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options was $58.3 million. The amount of future expense to be recognized will be based on the passage of time and the employees' continued employment.

We granted 1,660,548 stock options on February 5, 2020. These awards had a weighted average exercise price of $72.74 and a weighted average grant date fair value of $13.88. These awards will vest over a five-year period with a first vesting date of December 31, 2020.

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Stock Awards - We have awarded performance-based restricted shares and restricted stock units and time-based restricted stock units to certain key employees and non-employee directors. Performance-based awards are subject to certain vesting requirements over a five-year period, based on our earnings growth. Time-based awards vest primarily based on the employee's continued employment. The awards also contain restrictions on the awardees’ ability to sell or transfer vested awards for a specified period of time. The fair value of these awards is established based on the market price on the date of grant, discounted for post-vesting holding restrictions. The discounts on outstanding grants vary from 12 percent to 22 percent and are calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model-protective put method. Changes in measured stock price volatility and interest rates are the primary reasons for changes in the discount. These grants are being expensed based on the terms of the awards.

We granted 405,776 performance-based restricted shares and restricted stock units and 329,586 time-based restricted shares and restricted stock units on February 5, 2020. These awards had a weighted average grant date fair value of $59.34 and will vest over a five-year period with a first vesting date of December 31, 2020.

We have also issued restricted stock units to certain key employees and non-employee directors, which are fully vested upon issuance. These units contain restrictions on the awardees’ ability to sell or transfer vested units for a specified period of time. The fair value of these units is established using the same method discussed above. These grants have been expensed during the year they were earned.

As of March 31, 2020, there was unrecognized compensation expense of $136.4 million related to previously granted full value awards. The amount of future expense to be recognized will be based on the passage of time, the company’s earnings growth, and certain other conditions.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan - Our 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") allows our employees to contribute up to $10,000 of their annual cash compensation to purchase company stock. Purchase price is determined using the closing price on the last day of each quarter discounted by 15 percent. Shares vest immediately. The following is a summary of the employee stock purchase plan activity: 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Shares purchased by employees	Aggregate cost to employees		Expense recognized by the company
98,839	$	5,561,671	$	981,471

NOTE 7. LITIGATION

We are not subject to any pending or threatened litigation other than routine litigation arising in the ordinary course of our business operations, including certain contingent auto liability cases. For some legal proceedings, we have accrued an amount that reflects the aggregate liability deemed probable and estimable, but this amount is not material to our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Because of the preliminary nature of many of these proceedings, the difficulty in ascertaining the applicable facts relating to many of these proceedings, the inconsistent treatment of claims made in many of these proceedings, and the difficulty of predicting the settlement value of many of these proceedings, we are often unable to estimate an amount or range of any reasonably possible additional losses. However, based upon our historical experience, the resolution of these proceedings is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

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NOTE 8. ACQUISITIONS

Prime Distribution Services

On March 2, 2020, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Prime Distribution Services (“Prime Distribution”), a leading provider of retail consolidation services in North America for $223.1 million in cash. This acquisition adds scale and value-added warehouse capabilities to our retail consolidation platform, adding to our global suite of services.

The following is a summary of the allocation of purchase consideration to the estimated fair value of net assets for the acquisition of Prime Distribution.

Current assets	$	8,197
Property and equipment	7,356
Right-of-use lease assets	35,017
Other intangible assets	55,000
Goodwill	176,397
Total assets	281,967
Current liabilities	10,470
Lease liabilities	35,017
Deferred tax liabilities	13,375
Net assets acquired	$	223,105

Identifiable intangible assets and estimated useful lives are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Estimated Life (years)
Customer relationships	7	$	55,000

There was $176.4 million of goodwill recorded related to the acquisition of Prime Distribution. The Prime Distribution goodwill is a result of acquiring and retaining the Prime Distribution workforce and expected synergies from integrating its business into ours. Purchase accounting is considered preliminary, subject to revision primarily related to certain potential post-closing and working capital adjustments, as final information was not available as of March 31, 2020. The goodwill will not be deductible for tax purposes. The acquisition was effective as of February 29, 2020, and therefore the results of operations of Prime Distribution have been included as part of the North American Surface Transportation segment in our consolidated financial statements since March 1, 2020.

Dema Service S.p.A

On May 22, 2019, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Dema Service S.p.A. (“Dema Service”) to strengthen our existing footprint in Italy. Total purchase consideration, net of cash acquired was $14.2 million, which was paid in cash.

Identifiable intangible assets and estimated useful lives are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Estimated Life (years)
Customer relationships	7	$	4,252

There was $7.8 million of goodwill recorded related to the acquisition of Dema Service. The Dema Service goodwill is a result of acquiring and retaining the Dema Service workforce and expected synergies from integrating its business into ours. Purchase accounting is considered complete. No goodwill was recognized for Italian tax purposes from the acquisition. The results of operations of Dema Service have been included as part of the All Other and Corporate segment in our consolidated financial statements since May 23, 2019.

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The Space Cargo Group

On February 28, 2019, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of The Space Cargo Group (“Space Cargo”) for the purpose of expanding our presence and capabilities in Spain and Colombia. Total purchase consideration, net of cash acquired, was $45.5 million, which was paid in cash.

Identifiable intangible assets and estimated useful lives are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Estimated Life (years)
Customer relationships	7	$	16,439

There was $26.4 million of goodwill recorded related to the acquisition of Space Cargo. The Space Cargo goodwill is a result of acquiring and retaining the Space Cargo workforce and expected synergies from integrating its business into ours. Purchase accounting is considered complete. No goodwill was recognized for Spanish tax purposes from the acquisition. The results of operations of Space Cargo have been included as part of the Global Forwarding segment in our consolidated financial statements since March 1, 2019.

NOTE 9. SEGMENT REPORTING

Our reportable segments are based on our method of internal reporting, which generally segregates the segments by service line and the primary services they provide to our customers. We identify two reportable segments in addition to All Other and Corporate as summarized below:

•North American Surface Transportation—NAST provides freight transportation services across North America through a network of offices in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The primary services provided by NAST include truckload, less than truckload (“LTL”), and intermodal.

•Global Forwarding—Global Forwarding provides global logistics services through an international network of offices in North America, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and South America and also contracts with independent agents worldwide. The primary services provided by Global Forwarding include ocean freight services, airfreight services, and customs brokerage.

•All Other and Corporate—All Other and Corporate includes our Robinson Fresh and Managed Services segments, as well as Other Surface Transportation outside of North America and other miscellaneous revenues and unallocated corporate expenses. Robinson Fresh provides sourcing services including the buying, selling, and marketing of fresh fruits, vegetables, and other perishable items. Managed Services provides Transportation Management Services, or Managed TMS^®. Other Surface Transportation revenues are primarily earned by Europe Surface Transportation. Europe Surface Transportation provides services similar to NAST across Europe.

The internal reporting of segments is defined, based in part, on the reporting and review process used by our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), our Chief Executive Officer. The accounting policies of our reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. We do not report our intersegment revenues by reportable segment to our CODM and do not believe they are a meaningful metric for evaluating the performance of our reportable segments.

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Reportable segment information as of, and for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and 2019, is as follows (dollars in thousands):

	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Consolidated
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Total revenues	$	2,823,745	$	530,384	$	450,879	$	3,805,008
Net revenues	372,778		128,314		66,861		567,953
Income (loss) from operations	98,526		11,959		(1,045)		109,440
Depreciation and amortization	5,254		9,149		9,990		24,393
Total assets(1)	2,942,719		934,625		970,976		4,848,320
Average headcount	7,038		4,824		3,588		15,450
	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Consolidated
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Total revenues	$	2,796,784	$	537,567	$	416,859	$	3,751,210
Net revenues	486,550		127,236		65,014		678,800
Income (loss) from operations	211,283		14,203		(936)		224,550
Depreciation and amortization	6,259		8,926		9,375		24,560
Total assets(1)	2,693,668		1,001,881		1,001,895		4,697,444
Average headcount	7,424		4,707		3,250		15,381

_________________________________________

⁽¹⁾ All cash and cash equivalents are included in All Other and Corporate.

NOTE 10. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

A summary of our total revenues disaggregated by major service line and timing of revenue recognition is presented below for each of our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Total
Major Service Lines
Transportation and logistics services(1)	$	2,823,745	$	530,384	$	187,989	$	3,542,118
Sourcing(2)	—		—		262,890		262,890
Total	$	2,823,745	$	530,384	$	450,879	$	3,805,008
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Total
Major Service Lines
Transportation and logistics services(1)	$	2,796,784	$	537,567	$	170,581	$	3,504,932
Sourcing(2)	—		—		246,278		246,278
Total	$	2,796,784	$	537,567	$	416,859	$	3,751,210

____________________________________________

⁽¹⁾ Transportation and logistics services performance obligations are completed over time.

⁽²⁾ Sourcing performance obligations are completed at a point in time.

We typically do not receive consideration and amounts are not due from our customer prior to the completion of our performance obligation and as such contract liabilities as of March 31, 2020, and revenue recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 resulting from contract liabilities was not significant. Contract assets and accrued expenses-transportation expense fluctuate from period to period primarily based upon shipments in-transit at period end.

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NOTE 11. LEASES

We determine if our contractual agreements contain a lease at inception. A lease is identified when a contract allows us the right to control an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Our lease agreements consist primarily of operating leases for office space, warehouses, office equipment, and a small number of intermodal containers. We do not have material financing leases. Frequently, we enter into contractual relationships with a wide variety of transportation companies for freight capacity, and utilize those relationships to efficiently and cost-effectively arrange the transport of our customers’ freight. These contracts typically have a term of 12 months or less and do not allow us to direct the use or obtain substantially all of the economic benefits of a specifically identified asset. Accordingly, these agreements are not considered leases. In addition, we have made a policy election to not apply the guidance of ASC 842 to leases with a term of 12 months or less as allowed by the standard. These leases are recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Our operating leases are included on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities. A right-of-use lease asset represents our right to use an underlying asset over the term of a lease while a lease liability represents our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Current and noncurrent lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date at the present value of lease payments, including non-lease components, which consist primarily of common area maintenance charges. Right-of-use lease assets are also recognized at commencement date as the total lease liability plus prepaid rents and less any deferred rent liability that existed under ASC 840, Leases, upon transition. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our fully collateralized incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is influenced by our credit rating and lease term and as such may differ for individual leases.

Our lease agreements typically do not contain variable lease payments, residual value guarantees, purchase options, or restrictive covenants. Many of our leases include the option to renew for a period of months to several years. The term of our leases may include the option to renew when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option although these occurrences are seldom. We have lease agreements with lease components (e.g., payments for rent) and non-lease components (e.g., payments for common area maintenance and parking), which are all accounted for as a single lease component.

We do not have material lease agreements that have not yet commenced that are expected to create significant rights or obligations as of March 31, 2020.

Information regarding lease expense, remaining lease term, discount rate, and other select lease information is presented below as of March 31, 2020, and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

Lease Costs	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Operating lease expense	$	19,974	$	16,822
Short-term lease expense	2,572		2,341
Total lease expense	$	22,546	$	19,163

Other Lease Information	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	19,112	$	16,629
Right-of-use lease assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities	60,281		7,732

Lease Term and Discount Rate	As of March 31, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)(1)	7.2
Weighted average discount rate	3.3	%

____________________________________________

⁽¹⁾ The weighted average remaining lease term is significantly impacted by a 15-year lease related to office space in Chicago, IL, that commenced in 2018. Excluding this lease, the weighted average remaining lease term of our agreements is 4.9 years.

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The maturity of lease liabilities as of March 31, 2020, were as follows (in thousands):

Maturity of Lease Liabilities	Operating Leases
Remaining 2020	$	61,390
2021	74,485
2022	62,947
2023	49,726
2024	32,536
Thereafter	123,925
Total lease payments	405,009
Less: Interest	(48,376)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	356,633

In addition to minimum lease payments, we are typically responsible under our lease agreements to pay our pro rata share of maintenance expenses, common charges, and real estate taxes of the buildings in which we lease space. Under ASC 842 we have elected to account for non-lease components such as common area maintenance and parking as a single lease component.

NOTE 12. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

We adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments (Topic 326), as of January 1, 2020. Prior period information was not restated and continues to be presented under guidance effective for those periods. Topic 326 changes how entities measure credit losses for certain financial assets including accounts receivable by replacing the historical “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model. We have updated our significant accounting policy for allowance for credit losses as discussed in Note 1, Basis of Presentation.

Our allowance for credit losses is computed using a number of factors including our past credit loss experience, the aging of amounts due from our customers, our customers' credit ratings, in addition to other customer specific factors. We have also assessed the current macroeconomic environment, including the impact of COVID-19, to determine our ending allowance for credit losses for both accounts receivable and contract assets. The allowance for credit losses on contract assets was not significant.

A rollforward of our allowance for credit losses on our accounts receivable balance is presented below for the three months ended March 31, 2020:

Balance, December 31, 2019	$	32,838
Provision	5,072
Write-offs	(5,438)
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	32,472

Recoveries of amounts previously written off were not significant for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

NOTE 13. CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

Accumulated other comprehensive loss is included in Stockholders' investment on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The recorded balance at March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, was $108.3 million and $76.1 million, respectively. Accumulated other comprehensive loss is comprised solely of foreign currency adjustments, net of related income tax effects at March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019. Other comprehensive loss was $32.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, which consisted of foreign currency adjustments, including foreign currency translation, net of related income tax effects of $1.5 million.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes.

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

Our quarterly report on Form 10-Q, including this discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations and our disclosures about market risk, contains certain “forward-looking statements.” These statements represent our expectations, beliefs, intentions, or strategies concerning future events that, by their nature, involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include, among others, statements about our future performance, the continuation of historical trends, the sufficiency of our sources of capital for future needs, the effects of acquisitions or dispositions, the expected impact of recently issued accounting pronouncements, and the outcome or effects of litigation. Risks that could cause actual results to differ materially from our current expectations include, but are not limited to, changes in economic conditions, including uncertain consumer demand; changes in market demand and pressures on the pricing for our services; changes due to catastrophic events including pandemics such as COVID-19, competition and growth rates within the third party logistics industry; freight levels and increasing costs and availability of truck capacity or alternative means of transporting freight; changes in relationships with existing contracted truck, rail, ocean, and air carriers; changes in our customer base due to possible consolidation among our customers; our ability to successfully integrate the operations of acquired companies with our historic operations; risks associated with litigation, including contingent auto liability and insurance coverage; risks associated with operations outside of the United States; risks associated with the potential impact of changes in government regulations; risks associated with the produce industry, including food safety and contamination issues; fuel price increases or decreases, or fuel shortages; cyber-security related risks; the impact of war on the economy; changes to our capital structure; risks related to the elimination of LIBOR; and other risks and uncertainties detailed in our Annual and Quarterly Reports. Therefore, actual results may differ materially from our expectations based on these and other risks and uncertainties, including those described in Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 19, 2020 as well as the updates to these risk factors included in Part II—“Item 1A, Risk Factors,” herein.

Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and we undertake no obligation to update such statement to reflect events or circumstances arising after such date.

OVERVIEW

C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc. (“C.H. Robinson,” “the company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is one of the largest third party logistics companies in the world. As a third party logistics provider, we enter into contractual relationships with a wide variety of transportation companies and utilize those relationships to efficiently and cost-effectively arrange the transport of our customers’ freight. We provide freight transportation services and logistics solutions to companies of all sizes, in a wide variety of industries. We operate through a network of offices in North America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and South America. We have developed global transportation and distribution networks to provide transportation and supply chain services worldwide. As a result, we have the capability of facilitating most aspects of the supply chain on behalf of our customers.

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Our net revenues are a non-GAAP financial measure calculated as total revenues less the cost of purchased transportation and related services and the cost of purchased products sourced for resale. We believe net revenues are a useful measure of our ability to source, add value, and sell services and products that are provided by third parties, and we consider net revenues to be our primary performance measurement. Accordingly, the discussion of our results of operations often focuses on the changes in our net revenues. The reconciliation of total revenues to net revenues is presented below (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Revenues:
Transportation	$	3,542,118	$	3,504,932
Sourcing	262,890		246,278
Total revenues	3,805,008		3,751,210
Costs and expenses:
Purchased transportation and related services	3,000,113		2,853,256
Purchased products sourced for resale	236,942		219,154
Total costs and expenses	3,237,055		3,072,410
Net revenues	$	567,953	$	678,800

MARKET TRENDS

The North American surface transportation market was impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak during the first quarter of 2020, although the impact varied significantly depending on industry vertical, customer size, and the severity of the outbreak in the regions in which we operate. Certain industry verticals, such as retail, saw a surge of demand near the end of the first quarter of 2020, while other industry verticals experienced a slowdown of demand and production. Many small businesses, in particular, experienced significant slowdowns. These market conditions resulted in continued industry pricing and volume declines. Industry freight volumes, as measured by the Cass Freight Index, declined at a high-single digit rate during the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019. One of the metrics we use to measure market conditions is the truckload routing guide depth from our Managed Services business. Routing guide depth represents the number of carriers contacted prior to an acceptance when procuring a transportation provider. The average routing guide depth of tender in the first quarter of 2020 was 1.2, representing that on average, the first carrier in a shipper's routing guide was executing the shipment in most cases. This route guide penetration continues to be among the lowest levels we have experienced in the last decade and is a reflection of both softening demand and the reduced pricing and costs experienced during the first quarter of 2020.

The global forwarding market was also impacted by COVID-19. Similar to the North American surface transportation market, the impact varied significantly depending on industry vertical and the severity of the outbreak in the regions in which we operate. Many industries in North Asia and North America experienced volume reductions as factories closed and local transportation was limited in an effort to contain the spread of the virus while regions such as Southeast Asia experienced an increase in volume to offset the reduced production elsewhere in the world. The ocean carrier market was impacted as decreased demand resulted in excess capacity and decreased pricing. The airfreight market experienced significant volatility due to the COVID-19 outbreak which, in some cases, has led to a shift from ocean freight to airfreight due to unexpected government shutdowns impacting the global supply chain and expedited demand for certain commodities and essential products. In addition, as a large percentage of airfreight is transported on commercial flights, the reduction of commercial flights due to the COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in significant airfreight pricing volatility.

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BUSINESS TRENDS

Our first quarter of 2020 results are largely consistent with the overall market trends summarized above. We saw significant changes in demand over the course of the first quarter of 2020 in nearly all of our service lines depending on industry vertical, customer size, and the regional severity of the COVID-19 outbreak. Despite industry freight volumes declining at a high-single digit rate, we achieved strong volume growth in both NAST truckload and LTL services. Our volume growth is reflective of our pricing strategies to ensure we are near the top of our customers' routing guides. We continued to see a shift from spot-market business towards contractual business, which resulted in margin compression, as spot-market driven carrier pricing declines continued to moderate compared to our contractual pricing declines. We continued to meet our customer commitments despite the carrier pricing declines moderating, and in some instances, carrier prices increasing in certain regions and industries. In our global forwarding business, we saw ocean freight pricing and volume declines, most notably in North Asia and North America driven by the market trends discussed above which were partially offset by ocean freight volume growth in Southeast Asia. As a result of the COVID-19 outbreak, we experienced a significant increase in airfreight pricing near the end of the first quarter of 2020 resulting from the disruption to the global supply chain and the urgency around transporting certain commodities and essential products.

On March 2, 2020, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Prime Distribution Services (“Prime Distribution”), a leading provider of retail consolidation services in North America for $223.1 million in cash. This acquisition adds scale and value-added warehouse capabilities to our retail consolidation platform, adding to our global suite of services. The acquisition was effective as of February 29, 2020, and therefore the results of operations of Prime Distribution have been included as part of the North American Surface Transportation segment in our consolidated financial statements since March 1, 2020.

SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENTS

During the first quarter of 2020, our financial results and operations were impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak that occurred in many countries beginning in early 2020. The impacts to our business are discussed throughout Item 2, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and results of Operations.” In addition, see Part II—“Item 1A, Risk Factors,” included herein for an update to the risk factors described in “Item 1A, Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 19, 2020. The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak impacts our financial results and operations for the remainder of 2020 and going forward, for all of our business segments will depend on future developments which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the outbreak and the international actions being taken to contain and treat it.

We have taken a variety of measures to ensure the availability, continuity and security of our critical infrastructure, to ensure the health and safety of our employees around the globe, and to provide service and supply chain continuity to our customers and contracted carriers in order to deliver critical and essential goods and services. We are following public and private sector policies and initiatives to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, such as the imposition of travel restrictions, the promotion of social distancing, and the adoption of work-from-home arrangements. We do not believe these policies and initiatives will adversely impact our operations. As of March 31, 2020, over 90 percent of our employees were working remotely executing their duties and responsibilities. In addition, subsequent to March 31, 2020 we have taken steps across the organization to reduce costs, including the elimination of all non-essential travel, temporary salary reductions for company executive officers, temporary reductions in cash retainers for board members, temporary suspension of the company match to retirement plans for U.S. and Canadian employees, accelerating the use of paid time off, and temporarily furloughing approximately seven percent of our U.S and Canadian employees.

Due to the speed with which the situation is developing, we are not able at this time to estimate the impact COVID-19 may have on our financial results and operations for the remainder of 2020 and going forward. However, the impact could be material in all business segments and could be material during any future period affected either directly or indirectly by this pandemic. Many businesses are slowing their production and output which is expected to result in a decrease in freight volumes across a number of industries which may reduce our contractual and spot-market opportunities. In addition, a significant number of our contracted carriers may reduce their capacity or charge higher prices in light of the volatile market conditions which may reduce our net revenue margins as we honor our contractual freight rates.

SELECTED OPERATING PERFORMANCE AND OTHER SIGNIFICANT ITEMS

The following summarizes select first quarter 2020 year-over-year operating comparisons to first quarter 2019:

•Total revenues increased 1.4 percent to $3.8 billion, driven by increased volume in truckload and less than truckload, mostly offset by lower pricing in truckload.

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•Net revenues decreased 16.3 percent to $568.0 million, primarily driven by lower margin in truckload services.

•Personnel expenses decreased 2.9 percent to $330.2 million, driven primarily by declines in performance-based compensation, partially offset by a 0.4 percent increase in average headcount.

•Selling, general, and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses increased 12.4 percent to $128.3 million, due primarily to increased technology spending and purchased services related to accelerating our growth and cost savings initiatives.

•Income from operations totaled $109.4 million, down 51.3 percent from last year due to declining net revenues and increased SG&A expenses.

•Operating margin of 19.3 percent decreased 1,380 basis points.

•Diluted earnings per share (EPS) decreased 50.9 percent to $0.57.

•Cash flow from operations decreased 77.2 percent to $58.5 million.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table summarizes our results of operations (dollars in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			% change
Revenues:
Transportation	$	3,542,118		$	3,504,932		1.1	%
Sourcing	262,890			246,278			6.7	%
Total revenues	3,805,008			3,751,210			1.4	%
Costs and expenses:
Purchased transportation and related services	3,000,113			2,853,256			5.1	%
Purchased products sourced for resale	236,942			219,154			8.1	%
Personnel expenses	330,220			340,098			(2.9)	%
Other selling, general, and administrative expenses	128,293			114,152			12.4	%
Total costs and expenses	3,695,568			3,526,660			4.8	%
Income from operations	109,440			224,550			(51.3)	%
Interest and other expense	(15,228)			(17,140)			(11.2)	%
Income before provision for income taxes	94,212			207,410			(54.6)	%
Provision for income taxes	16,066			45,622			(64.8)	%
Net income	$	78,146		$	161,788		(51.7)	%
Diluted net income per share	$	0.57		$	1.16		(50.9)	%
Net revenue margin percentage
Transportation	15.3		%	18.6		%	(3.3) pts
Sourcing	9.9		%	11.0		%	(1.1) pts
Total net revenue margin	14.9		%	18.1		%	(3.2) pts
Average headcount	15,450			15,381			0.4	%

A reconciliation of our reportable segments to our consolidated results can be found in Note 9, Segment Reporting, in Part I, Financial Information of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

22

Consolidated Results of Operations—Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

Total revenues and direct costs. Total transportation revenues increased driven by increased volumes in truckload and less than truckload ("LTL") partially offset by lower truckload pricing. Total purchased transportation and related services increased primarily due to increased truckload and LTL volumes. Our sourcing total revenue and purchased products sourced for resale increased due to higher pricing and costs per case partially offset by lower case volume. We experienced an increase in sourcing revenues near the end of the first quarter of 2020 resulting from increased demand at large grocers and retailers but these increases were partially offset by a decrease in demand in the food service industry.

Net revenues. Our transportation net revenue margin decreased primarily driven by lower margins in truckload, and to a lesser extent LTL services, partially offset by an increase in truckload and LTL volumes. Sourcing net revenue margin declined due to a decrease in net revenue per case.

Operating expenses. Personnel expenses decreased primarily due to declines in performance-based compensation, partially offset by a modest increase in average headcount, including the impact of acquisitions. Other SG&A expenses increased driven primarily by higher purchased services related to accelerating our growth and cost savings initiatives.

Interest and other expense. Interest and other expense decreased driven by a $2.9 million unfavorable impact of foreign currency revaluation and realized foreign currency gains and losses in the first quarter of 2020 compared to a $5.0 million unfavorable impact in the first quarter of 2019. Interest expense decreased modestly driven by a lower average debt balance in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019.

Provision for income taxes. Our effective income tax rate was 17.1 percent for the first quarter of 2020 compared to 22.0 percent for the first quarter of 2019. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020, was lower than the statutory federal income tax rate due to the tax impact of share-based payment awards, which reduced the effective tax rate by 3.6 percentage points, and foreign tax benefits recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2020 but were partially offset by state income taxes, net of federal benefit and foreign income taxes. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was higher than the statutory federal income tax rate due to state income taxes, net of federal benefit, and foreign income taxes, but was partially offset by the tax impact of share-based payment awards.

23

NAST Segment Results of Operations

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		% change
Total revenues	$	2,823,745	$	2,796,784	1.0	%
Purchased transportation and related services	2,450,967		2,310,234		6.1	%
Net revenues
Truckload	243,686		359,031		(32.1)	%
LTL	112,330		114,918		(2.3)	%
Intermodal	7,312		5,976		22.4	%
Other	9,450		6,625		42.6	%
Total net revenues	372,778		486,550		(23.4)	%
Personnel expenses	172,832		185,941		(7.1)	%
Other selling, general, and administrative expenses	101,420		89,326		13.5	%
Income from operations	$	98,526	$	211,283	(53.4)	%
Average headcount	7,038		7,424		(5.2)	%
Service line volume statistics
Truckload					7.5	%
LTL					7.5	%
Intermodal					8.0	%

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

Total revenues and direct costs. The results of NAST were impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak during the three months ended March 31, 2020 as discussed in the market and business trends section above. NAST total revenues increased due to increased volume growth in truckload and LTL services, mostly offset by lower pricing in truckload. The truckload and LTL volume growth is reflective of our pricing strategies to ensure we are near the top of our customers' routing guides. NAST cost of transportation and related services increased driven by increased volumes, partially offset by decreased cost per mile.

Net revenues. NAST net revenues decreased driven primarily by margin compression in truckload services as discussed in the business trends section above. Excluding the estimated impacts of the decrease in fuel costs, our average truckload rate per mile charged to our customers decreased approximately 8.5 percent in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019. Our truckload transportation costs decreased approximately 2.5 percent, excluding the estimated decrease in fuel costs.

NAST LTL net revenues decreased primarily due to reduced margins, partially offset by increased volume. The acquisition of Prime Distribution contributed two percentage points to LTL net revenue growth in the first quarter of 2020.

NAST intermodal net revenues increased primarily due to increased volume and improved net revenue margin.

Operating expenses. NAST personnel expense decreased primarily related to reduced performance-based compensation and a decline in average headcount. NAST SG&A expenses increased primarily due to continued investments in technology, an increase in credit loss expense, and higher occupancy costs. The operating expenses of NAST and all other segments include allocated corporate expenses.

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Global Forwarding Segment Results of Operations

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		% change
Total revenues	$	530,384	$	537,567	(1.3)	%
Purchased transportation and related services	402,070		410,331		(2.0)	%
Net revenues
Ocean	69,810		71,457		(2.3)	%
Air	26,877		26,136		2.8	%
Customs	21,193		21,877		(3.1)	%
Other	10,434		7,766		34.4	%
Total net revenues	128,314		127,236		0.8	%
Personnel expenses	70,893		69,544		1.9	%
Other selling, general, and administrative expenses	45,462		43,489		4.5	%
Income from operations	$	11,959	$	14,203	(15.8)	%
Average headcount	4,824		4,707		2.5	%
Service line volume statistics
Ocean					(3.0)	%
Air					(8.0)	%
Customs					(2.5)	%

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

Total revenues and direct costs. The results of Global Forwarding were impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak during the three months ended March 31, 2020 as discussed in the market and business trends section above. Global Forwarding total revenues and direct costs decreased driven by volume declines in all service lines and pricing declines in ocean transportation, partially offset by pricing increases in air transportation.

Net revenues. Ocean transportation net revenues decreased driven by lower volumes most notably in North Asia and North America due to the impact of COVID-19, partially offset by margin expansion. The acquisition of Space Cargo contributed two percentage points of ocean net revenue growth for the first quarter of 2020. Air transportation net revenues increased driven by increased pricing and by the acquisition of Space Cargo which contributed three percentage points of net revenue growth in air transportation. These increases were partially offset by a decline in shipment volumes. Customs net revenues decreased modestly driven primarily by lower volumes.

Operating expenses. Personnel expenses increased driven by increased salary expenses due to an increase in average headcount. SG&A expenses increased driven by increased investments in technology.

25

All Other and Corporate Segment Results of Operations

All Other and Corporate includes our Robinson Fresh and Managed Services segment, as well as Other Surface Transportation outside of North America and other miscellaneous revenues and unallocated corporate expenses.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		% change
Total revenues	$	450,879	$	416,859	8.2	%
Net revenues
Robinson Fresh	27,458		28,658		(4.2)	%
Managed Services	22,527		20,312		10.9	%
Other Surface Transportation	16,876		16,044		5.2	%
Total net revenues	$	66,861	$	65,014	2.8	%

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

Total revenues increased driven by elevated demand at large grocers and retailers near the end of the first quarter of 2020 in our Robinson Fresh business driven by the COVID-19 outbreak. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in demand for customers in the food service industry also resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak.

Robinson Fresh net revenues declined due to decreases in both case volumes and net revenue per case. Managed Services net revenues increased driven by a combination of new customer wins and selling additional services to existing customers. Other Surface Transportation net revenues increased primarily driven by the acquisition of Dema Service, which contributed 8.5 percentage points of growth.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We have historically generated substantial cash from operations, which has enabled us to fund our organic growth while paying cash dividends and repurchasing stock. In addition, we maintain the following debt facilities as described in Note 4, Financing Arrangements (dollars in thousands):

Description	Carrying Value as of March 31, 2020		Borrowing Capacity		Maturity
Revolving credit facility	$	71,000	$	1,000,000	October 2023
Senior Notes, Series A	175,000		175,000		August 2023
Senior Notes, Series B	150,000		150,000		August 2028
Senior Notes, Series C	175,000		175,000		August 2033
Receivables securitization facility (1)	249,917		250,000		December 2020
Senior Notes (1)	592,660		600,000		April 2028
Total debt	$	1,413,577	$	2,350,000

______________________________________________

⁽¹⁾ Net of unamortized discounts and issuance costs.

We expect to use our current debt facilities and potentially other indebtedness incurred in the future to assist us in continuing to fund working capital, capital expenditures, possible acquisitions, dividends, and share repurchases, although we have temporarily suspended share repurchase activity as described below.

Cash and cash equivalents totaled $294.6 million as of March 31, 2020, and $447.9 million as of December 31, 2019. Cash and cash equivalents held outside the United States totaled $260.0 million as of March 31, 2020, and $405.1 million as of December 31, 2019. Working capital decreased from $1.1 billion at December 31, 2019, to $801.9 million at March 31, 2020.

We prioritize our investments to grow the business, as we require some working capital and a relatively small amount of capital expenditures to grow. We are continually looking for acquisitions, but those acquisitions must fit our culture and enhance our growth opportunities.

26

The following table summarizes our major sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		% change
Sources (uses) of cash:
Cash provided by operating activities	$	58,499	$	256,931	(77.2)	%
Capital expenditures	(14,703)		(13,865)
Acquisitions	(223,617)		(44,143)
Other	—		8
Cash used for investing activities	(238,320)		(58,000)		310.9	%
Repurchase of common stock	(68,563)		(67,624)
Cash dividends	(69,871)		(69,742)
Net borrowing (payments) on debt	178,000		(5,000)
Other	(2,526)		7,573
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities	37,040		(134,793)		N/M
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	(10,505)		2,720
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	$	(153,286)	$	66,858

Cash flow from operating activities. Cash flow from operating activities decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 due to unfavorable changes in working capital and decreased earnings. The unfavorable changes in working capital were primarily related to a sequential increase in accounts receivables associated with higher sequential gross revenues, whereas in the first quarter of 2019, accounts receivables and gross revenues declined sequentially. Given the COVID-19 outbreak we are closely monitoring credit and collections activities to minimize risk and we are working with our customers to facilitate the movement of goods across their supply chains while also ensuring timely payment.

Cash used for investing activities. We used $223.1 million for the acquisition of Prime Distribution during the three months ended March 31, 2020. We used $44.1 million for the acquisition of Space Cargo during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Capital expenditures consisted primarily of investments in information technology, which are intended to increase employee productivity, automate interactions with our customers and contracted carriers, and improve our internal workflows to help expand our operating margins and grow the business.

Cash used for financing activities. Net borrowings on debt in the three months ended March 31, 2020, were to fund operations and to fund the acquisition of Prime Distribution. The slight increase in cash dividends was due to a $0.01 dividend increase in 2020 compared to 2019, mostly offset by a decrease in shares outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase in cash used for share repurchases was due to an increase in the number of shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2020, partially offset by a decrease in the average price paid per share compared to the same period of 2019. The number of shares we repurchase, if any, during future periods will vary based on our cash position, other potential uses of our cash, and market conditions. We have temporarily suspended our share repurchase activity as we continue to assess the impacts of COVID-19.

Although there is uncertainty related to the anticipated impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the Company’s future results, we believe that, assuming no change in our current business plan, our available cash, together with expected future cash generated from operations, the amount available under our credit facilities, and credit available in the market, will be sufficient to satisfy our anticipated needs for working capital, capital expenditures, and cash dividends for at least the next 12 months. We also believe we could obtain funds under lines of credit or other forms of indebtedness on short notice, if needed.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements 

Refer to Note 1, Basis of Presentation, contained in this quarterly report and in the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Refer to the Company's 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a complete discussion regarding our critical accounting policies and estimates. As of March 31, 2020, there were no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Refer to the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a complete discussion on the Company’s market risk. As of March 31, 2020, there were no material changes in market risk from those disclosed in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) or our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of the controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error and mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of controls and procedures to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls and procedures may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the controls and procedures may have deteriorated.

As of March 31, 2020, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded based upon the evaluation described above that, as of March 31, 2020, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

(b) Changes in internal controls over financial reporting.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

28

PART II-OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are not subject to any pending or threatened litigation other than routine litigation arising in the ordinary course of our business operations. For some legal proceedings, we have accrued an amount that reflects the aggregate liability deemed probable and estimable, but this amount is not material to our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Because of the preliminary nature of many of these proceedings, the difficulty in ascertaining the applicable facts relating to many of these proceedings, the inconsistent treatment of claims made in many of these proceedings, and the difficulty of predicting the settlement value of many of these proceedings, we are often unable to estimate an amount or range of any reasonably possible additional losses. However, based upon our historical experience, the resolution of these proceedings is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors disclosed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, or future results. We have updated our existing risk factor on catastrophic events below to include information associated with the current events related to COVID-19 that has significantly impacted global markets due to outbreaks occurring across the globe beginning in early 2020. Except for the updates to this risk factor set forth below, there have not been material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and/or operating results.

We may be subject to negative impacts of catastrophic events. A disruption or failure of our systems or operations in the event of a major earthquake, weather event, cyber-attack, heightened security measures, actual or threatened terrorist attack, strike, civil unrest, pandemic, or other catastrophic event could cause delays in providing services or performing other critical functions. A catastrophic event that results in the destruction or disruption of any of our critical business or information systems could harm our ability to conduct normal business operations and adversely impact our operating results.

In addition, the Company is monitoring the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, which has already caused a significant disruption to global financial markets and supply chains and has resulted in increased travel restrictions and extended shutdown of certain businesses across the globe. We have already experienced changes in demand, including declines in certain verticals and regions, that exacerbate the conditions we experienced in 2019, along with volatile pricing. The significance of the operational and financial impact to our business will likely depend on how long and widespread this outbreak proves to be. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the outbreak and the international actions that are being taken to contain and treat it. While we currently expect this business disruption to be temporary, there is uncertainty around the duration and its broader impact on the economy, and therefore the effects it will have on our operations and financial results. If economic or market conditions in key global markets deteriorate further, we expect to continue experiencing material adverse effects on our business and results of operations and may experience material adverse effects on our financial positions.

29

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table provides information about purchases by the company during the quarter ended March 31, 2020, of shares of the company's common stock.

	Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid Per Share (or Unit)		Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)	Maximum Number of Shares (or Units) That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
January 2020	233,984	$	78.15	208,876	9,784,807
February 2020	450,705	72.41		299,495	9,485,312
March 2020	477,207	65.88		463,239	9,022,073
First Quarter 2020	1,161,896	$	70.88	971,610	9,022,073

⁽¹⁾ The total number of shares purchased includes: (i) 971,610 shares of common stock purchased under the authorization described below; and (ii) 190,286 shares of common stock surrendered to satisfy minimum statutory tax obligations under our stock incentive plans.

⁽²⁾ In May 2018, the Board of Directors increased the number of shares authorized for repurchase by 15,000,000 shares. As of March 31, 2020, there were 9,022,073 shares remaining for future repurchases. Purchases can be made in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, including Rule 10b5-1 plans and accelerated repurchase programs.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS ON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable. 

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS 

Exhibits filed with, or incorporated by reference into, this report:

10.1	Second Amendment to the Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 14, 2020, by and among C.H. Robinson Receivables, LLC, C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc., Bank of America, N.A., and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019)
31.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101	Financial statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the period ended March 31, 2020 formatted in Inline XBRL (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
104	The cover page from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the period ended March 31, 2020 formatted in Inline XBRL (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

30

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on May 1, 2020.

C.H. ROBINSON WORLDWIDE, INC.
By:	/s/ Robert C. Biesterfeld, Jr.
	Robert C. Biesterfeld, Jr.
	Chief Executive Officer
By:	/s/ Michael P. Zechmeister
	Michael P. Zechmeister
	Chief Financial Officer

31

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Robert C. Biesterfeld, Jr., certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

May 1, 2020

Signature:	/s/ Robert C. Biesterfeld, Jr.
Name:	Robert C. Biesterfeld, Jr.
Title:	Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Michael P. Zechmeister, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be       designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated  subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to        be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

May 1, 2020

Signature:	/s/ Michael P. Zechmeister
Name:	Michael P. Zechmeister
Title:	Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. §1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Robert C. Biesterfeld, Jr., Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

May 1, 2020

/s/ Robert C. Biesterfeld, Jr.

Robert C. Biesterfeld, Jr.

Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. §1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Michael P. Zechmeister, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

May 1, 2020

/s/ Michael P. Zechmeister

Michael P. Zechmeister

Chief Financial Officer

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STOCK AWARD PLANS - Employee Stock Purchase Plan Activity (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares purchased by employees (shares)	98,839
Aggregate cost to employees	$ 5,561,671
Expense recognized by the company	11,397,000	$ 17,123,000
Company expense on ESPP discount
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expense recognized by the company	$ 981,471	$ 1,130,000

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SEGMENT REPORTING - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments (segment)	2

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LEASES - Maturity of Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Maturity of Lease Liabilities
Remaining 2020	$ 61,390
2021	74,485
2022	62,947
2023	49,726
2024	32,536
Thereafter	123,925
Total lease payments	405,009
Less: Interest	(48,376)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 356,633

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ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Credit Loss [Abstract]

Schedule of Allowance for Credit Loss on Accounts Receivable

A rollforward of our allowance for credit losses on our accounts receivable balance is presented below for the three months ended March 31, 2020:

Balance, December 31, 2019	$	32,838
Provision	5,072
Write-offs	(5,438)
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	32,472

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ACQUISITIONS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Schedule of Allocation of Purchase Consideration to Estimated Fair Value of Net Assets

The following is a summary of the allocation of purchase consideration to the estimated fair value of net assets for the acquisition of Prime Distribution.

Current assets	$	8,197
Property and equipment	7,356
Right-of-use lease assets	35,017
Other intangible assets	55,000
Goodwill	176,397
Total assets	281,967
Current liabilities	10,470
Lease liabilities	35,017
Deferred tax liabilities	13,375
Net assets acquired	$	223,105

Prime Distribution Services

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Schedule of Identifiable Intangible Assets and Estimated Useful Lives

Identifiable intangible assets and estimated useful lives are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Estimated Life (years)
Customer relationships	7	$	55,000

Dema Service

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Schedule of Identifiable Intangible Assets and Estimated Useful Lives

Identifiable intangible assets and estimated useful lives are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Estimated Life (years)
Customer relationships	7	$	4,252

Space Cargo

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Schedule of Identifiable Intangible Assets and Estimated Useful Lives

Identifiable intangible assets and estimated useful lives are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Estimated Life (years)
Customer relationships	7	$	16,439

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc., and our subsidiaries (“the company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) are a global provider of transportation services and logistics solutions operating through a network of offices located in North America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and South America. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc., and our majority owned and controlled subsidiaries. Our minority interests in subsidiaries are not significant. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

Our reportable segments are NAST and Global Forwarding with all other segments included in All Other and Corporate. The All Other and Corporate reportable segment includes Robinson Fresh, Managed Services, Other Surface Transportation outside of North America, and other miscellaneous revenues and unallocated corporate expenses. For financial information concerning our reportable segments, refer to Note 9, Segment Reporting.

The condensed consolidated financial statements, which are unaudited, have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In our opinion, these financial statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

Consistent with SEC rules and regulations, we have condensed or omitted certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. You should read the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

RECENTLY ADOPTED AND ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU (“Accounting Standards Update”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, and in November 2018 issued a subsequent amendment, ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. This update changes how entities measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The update replaces the historical “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost. The update affects loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope of this amendment that have the contractual right to receive cash. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2020. We have updated our allowance for credit losses, formerly described as our allowance for doubtful accounts, significant accounting policy below as a result of adopting the new standard. The impact of adoption was not material to our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting which provides optional practical expedients to simplify accounting for reference rate reform. Amongst other practical expedients, the update allows for contract modifications due to reference rate reform for certain receivables and debt contracts to be accounted for by prospectively adjusting the effective interest rate. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities beginning on March 12, 2020, and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the effects that adoption of this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES. Accounts receivable and contract assets are reduced by an allowance for expected credit losses. We determine our allowance for expected credit losses by evaluating two approaches that consider our past credit loss experience, our customers' credit ratings, and other customer specific and macroeconomic factors. The first approach is pooling our customers by credit rating and applying an expected loss ratio based upon credit rating and number of days the receivable has been outstanding, (i.e. aging approach). The second approach is to compute an expected loss ratio for each credit rating pool based upon our historical write-off experience and apply it to our accounts receivable, (i.e. loss ratio approach). These two approaches are evaluated in consideration of other known information and customer specific and macroeconomic factors, including the price of diesel fuel, for purposes of determining the expected credit loss allowance.

GOODWILL

Goodwill is tested at least annually for impairment on November 30, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. We first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units is less than their respective carrying value (“Step Zero Analysis”). If the Step Zero Analysis indicates it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units is less than their respective carrying value, an additional impairment assessment is performed (“Step One Analysis”). We considered whether there were any changes in circumstances indicating that our goodwill might be impaired, including consideration of the impacts of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) on financial markets and our business operations, and determined the more likely than not criteria had not been met, and therefore a Step One Analysis was not required as of March 31, 2020.

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

Accounting guidance on fair value measurements for certain financial assets and liabilities requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

•Level 1 — Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 — Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

•Level 3 — Unobservable inputs reflecting the reporting entity’s own assumptions or external inputs from inactive markets.

A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Receivable, allowance for credit loss	$ 32,472	$ 32,838
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Preferred stock, authorized (shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Preferred stock, issued (shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, outstanding (shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Common stock, authorized (shares)	480,000,000	480,000,000
Common stock, issued (shares)	179,700,000	179,380,000
Common stock, outstanding (shares)	134,586,000	134,895,000
Treasury stock (shares)	45,114,000	44,485,000

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$ 78,146	$ 161,788
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	24,393	24,560
Provision for credit losses	5,675	1,774
Stock-based compensation	11,397	17,123
Deferred income taxes	1,622	(364)
Excess tax benefit on stock-based compensation	(3,737)	(4,458)
Other operating activities	788	576
Changes in operating elements (net of acquisitions):
Receivables	(133,142)	117,720
Contract assets	8,713	(5,921)
Prepaid expenses and other	(11,038)	(6,367)
Accounts payable and outstanding checks	98,946	(10,742)
Accrued compensation	(23,879)	(87,259)
Accrued transportation expense	(7,294)	7,331
Accrued income taxes	5,196	39,078
Other accrued liabilities	1,829	1,801
Other assets and liabilities	884	291
Net cash provided by operating activities	58,499	256,931
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchases of property and equipment	(7,841)	(8,619)
Purchases and development of software	(6,862)	(5,246)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(223,617)	(44,143)
Other investing activities	0	8
Net cash used for investing activities	(238,320)	(58,000)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from stock issued for employee benefit plans	11,269	19,615
Stock tendered for payment of withholding taxes	(13,795)	(12,042)
Repurchase of common stock	(68,563)	(67,624)
Cash dividends	(69,871)	(69,742)
Proceeds from short-term borrowings	765,600	14,000
Payments on short-term borrowings	(587,600)	(19,000)
Net cash used for financing activities	37,040	(134,793)
Effect of exchange rates on cash	(10,505)	2,720
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(153,286)	66,858
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	447,858	378,615
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$ 294,572	$ 445,473

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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Carrying Amount of Goodwill (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 1,291,760
Acquisitions	176,904
Translation	(17,665)
Balance, end of period	1,450,999
NAST
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	1,015,570
Acquisitions	176,397
Translation	(12,592)
Balance, end of period	1,179,375
Global Forwarding
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	208,420
Acquisitions	507
Translation	(4,222)
Balance, end of period	204,705
All Other and Corporate
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	67,770
Acquisitions	0
Translation	(851)
Balance, end of period	$ 66,919

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (Details) - Level 3 - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Level 3 Fair Value
Assets at fair value	$ 0	$ 0
Liabilities at fair value	$ 0	$ 0

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STOCK AWARD PLANS - Total Compensation Expense Recognized (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 11,397,000	$ 17,123,000
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	5,013,000	4,249,000
Stock awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	5,403,000	11,744,000
Company expense on ESPP discount
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 981,471	$ 1,130,000

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REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

A summary of our total revenues disaggregated by major service line and timing of revenue recognition is presented below for each of our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Total
Major Service Lines
Transportation and logistics services(1)	$	2,823,745	$	530,384	$	187,989	$	3,542,118
Sourcing(2)	—		—		262,890		262,890
Total	$	2,823,745	$	530,384	$	450,879	$	3,805,008
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Total
Major Service Lines
Transportation and logistics services(1)	$	2,796,784	$	537,567	$	170,581	$	3,504,932
Sourcing(2)	—		—		246,278		246,278
Total	$	2,796,784	$	537,567	$	416,859	$	3,751,210

____________________________________________

⁽¹⁾ Transportation and logistics services performance obligations are completed over time.

⁽²⁾ Sourcing performance obligations are completed at a point in time.

We typically do not receive consideration and amounts are not due from our customer prior to the completion of our performance obligation and as such contract liabilities as of March 31, 2020, and revenue recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 resulting from contract liabilities was not significant. Contract assets and accrued expenses-transportation expense fluctuate from period to period primarily based upon shipments in-transit at period end.

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STOCK AWARD PLANS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

STOCK AWARD PLANS

STOCK AWARD PLANS

Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the value of the award and is recognized as expense as it vests. A summary of our total compensation expense recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for stock-based compensation is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Stock options	$	5,013	$	4,249
Stock awards	5,403		11,744
Company expense on ESPP discount	981		1,130
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	11,397	$	17,123

On May 9, 2019, our shareholders approved an amendment and restatement of our 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) to increase the number of shares authorized for award by 4,000,000 shares. The Plan allows us to grant certain stock awards, including stock options at fair market value and performance shares and restricted stock units, to our key employees and outside directors. A maximum of 17,041,803 shares can be granted under this plan following the amendment and restatement. Approximately 2,940,625 shares were available for stock awards under the plan as of March 31, 2020. Shares subject to awards that expire or are canceled without delivery of shares or that are settled in cash generally become available again for issuance under the plan.

Stock Options - We have awarded stock options to certain key employees. The fair value of these options is established based on the market price on the date of grant, discounted for post-vesting holding restrictions, calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Changes in measured stock price volatility and interest rates are the primary reasons for changes in the discount. These grants are being expensed based on the terms of the awards. As of March 31, 2020, unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options was $58.3 million. The amount of future expense to be recognized will be based on the passage of time and the employees' continued employment.

We granted 1,660,548 stock options on February 5, 2020. These awards had a weighted average exercise price of $72.74 and a weighted average grant date fair value of $13.88. These awards will vest over a five-year period with a first vesting date of December 31, 2020.

Stock Awards - We have awarded performance-based restricted shares and restricted stock units and time-based restricted stock units to certain key employees and non-employee directors. Performance-based awards are subject to certain vesting requirements over a five-year period, based on our earnings growth. Time-based awards vest primarily based on the employee's continued employment. The awards also contain restrictions on the awardees’ ability to sell or transfer vested awards for a specified period of time. The fair value of these awards is established based on the market price on the date of grant, discounted for post-vesting holding restrictions. The discounts on outstanding grants vary from 12 percent to 22 percent and are calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model-protective put method. Changes in measured stock price volatility and interest rates are the primary reasons for changes in the discount. These grants are being expensed based on the terms of the awards.

We granted 405,776 performance-based restricted shares and restricted stock units and 329,586 time-based restricted shares and restricted stock units on February 5, 2020. These awards had a weighted average grant date fair value of $59.34 and will vest over a five-year period with a first vesting date of December 31, 2020.

We have also issued restricted stock units to certain key employees and non-employee directors, which are fully vested upon issuance. These units contain restrictions on the awardees’ ability to sell or transfer vested units for a specified period of time. The fair value of these units is established using the same method discussed above. These grants have been expensed during the year they were earned.

As of March 31, 2020, there was unrecognized compensation expense of $136.4 million related to previously granted full value awards. The amount of future expense to be recognized will be based on the passage of time, the company’s earnings growth, and certain other conditions.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan - Our 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") allows our employees to contribute up to $10,000 of their annual cash compensation to purchase company stock. Purchase price is determined using the closing price on the last day of each quarter discounted by 15 percent. Shares vest immediately. The following is a summary of the employee stock purchase plan activity: 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Shares purchased by employees	Aggregate cost to employees		Expense recognized by the company
98,839	$	5,561,671	$	981,471

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STOCK AWARD PLANS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended
	Feb. 05, 2020	May 09, 2019	Mar. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of additional shares authorized (shares)		4,000,000
Maximum shares that can be granted under stock plan (shares)			17,041,803
Shares available for stock awards (shares)			2,940,625
Stock options granted (shares)	1,660,548
Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 72.74
Weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 13.88
1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan 1997
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Maximum employee contribution to purchase company stock			$ 10,000
Discount rate used to determine the purchase price			15.00%
Stock options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense			$ 58,300,000
Award vesting period	5 years
Stock awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation expense			$ 136,400,000
Award vesting period	5 years
Weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 59.34
Stock awards | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Discount on outstanding grants (percent)			12.00%
Stock awards | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Discount on outstanding grants (percent)			22.00%
Performance-based restricted stock and restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period			5 years
Stock awards granted (shares)	405,776
Time-based restricted stock and restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock awards granted (shares)	329,586

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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Summary of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Finite-lived intangibles
Accumulated Amortization	$ (160,642)	$ (156,879)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	121,538
Indefinite-lived intangibles
Total intangibles, Cost	292,655	247,810
Total intangibles, Net	132,013	90,931
Trademarks
Indefinite-lived intangibles
Indefinite-lived intangibles	10,475	10,475
Customer relationships
Finite-lived intangibles
Finite-lived intangibles, Cost	282,180	237,335
Accumulated Amortization	(160,642)	(156,879)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 121,538	$ 80,456

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FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS - Components of Short-term and Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt	$ 1,413,577	$ 1,235,333
Less: Current maturities and short-term borrowing	(320,917)	(142,885)
Long-term debt	$ 1,092,660	$ 1,092,448
Line of Credit | Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Average interest rate (percent)	1.94%	0.00%
Total debt	$ 71,000	$ 0
Senior Notes | Senior Notes, Series A
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Average interest rate (percent)	3.97%	3.97%
Total debt	$ 175,000	$ 175,000
Senior Notes | Senior Notes, Series B
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Average interest rate (percent)	4.26%	4.26%
Total debt	$ 150,000	$ 150,000
Senior Notes | Senior Notes, Series C
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Average interest rate (percent)	4.60%	4.60%
Total debt	$ 175,000	$ 175,000
Secured Debt | Receivables securitization facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Average interest rate (percent)	1.64%	2.41%
Total debt	$ 249,917	$ 142,885
Unsecured Debt | Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Average interest rate (percent)	4.20%	4.20%
Total debt	$ 592,660	$ 592,448

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SEGMENT REPORTING

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

SEGMENT REPORTING

SEGMENT REPORTING

Our reportable segments are based on our method of internal reporting, which generally segregates the segments by service line and the primary services they provide to our customers. We identify two reportable segments in addition to All Other and Corporate as summarized below:

•North American Surface Transportation—NAST provides freight transportation services across North America through a network of offices in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The primary services provided by NAST include truckload, less than truckload (“LTL”), and intermodal.

•Global Forwarding—Global Forwarding provides global logistics services through an international network of offices in North America, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and South America and also contracts with independent agents worldwide. The primary services provided by Global Forwarding include ocean freight services, airfreight services, and customs brokerage.

•All Other and Corporate—All Other and Corporate includes our Robinson Fresh and Managed Services segments, as well as Other Surface Transportation outside of North America and other miscellaneous revenues and unallocated corporate expenses. Robinson Fresh provides sourcing services including the buying, selling, and marketing of fresh fruits, vegetables, and other perishable items. Managed Services provides Transportation Management Services, or Managed TMS^®. Other Surface Transportation revenues are primarily earned by Europe Surface Transportation. Europe Surface Transportation provides services similar to NAST across Europe.

The internal reporting of segments is defined, based in part, on the reporting and review process used by our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), our Chief Executive Officer. The accounting policies of our reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. We do not report our intersegment revenues by reportable segment to our CODM and do not believe they are a meaningful metric for evaluating the performance of our reportable segments.

Reportable segment information as of, and for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and 2019, is as follows (dollars in thousands):

	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Consolidated
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Total revenues	$	2,823,745	$	530,384	$	450,879	$	3,805,008
Net revenues	372,778		128,314		66,861		567,953
Income (loss) from operations	98,526		11,959		(1,045)		109,440
Depreciation and amortization	5,254		9,149		9,990		24,393
Total assets(1)	2,942,719		934,625		970,976		4,848,320
Average headcount	7,038		4,824		3,588		15,450
	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Consolidated
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Total revenues	$	2,796,784	$	537,567	$	416,859	$	3,751,210
Net revenues	486,550		127,236		65,014		678,800
Income (loss) from operations	211,283		14,203		(936)		224,550
Depreciation and amortization	6,259		8,926		9,375		24,560
Total assets(1)	2,693,668		1,001,881		1,001,895		4,697,444
Average headcount	7,424		4,707		3,250		15,381

_________________________________________

(1) All cash and cash equivalents are included in All Other and Corporate.

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INCOME TAXES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and 2019 was 17.1 percent and 22.0 percent, respectively. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020, was lower than the statutory federal income tax rate primarily due to the tax impact of share-based payment awards, which reduced the effective tax rate by 3.6 percentage points, and foreign tax impacts recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2020.

In 2019 we removed our assertion that the unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries were permanently reinvested with limited exceptions. If we repatriated all foreign earnings that are still considered to be permanently reinvested, the estimated effect on income taxes payable would be an increase of approximately $3.9 million as of March 31, 2020.

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). This law included provisions which may benefit us in two primary ways. First, the CARES Act allows for a deferral of the employer share of federal payroll taxes otherwise due through December 31, 2020. 50 percent of the deferred amount is due December 31, 2021 and the remaining 50 percent is due December 31, 2022. This provision allows us to defer certain federal payroll deposits and invest this cash back into our business without any interest cost. We are in the process of determining the amount of cash to be made available as a result of this provision. Second, the CARES Act provides for a tax credit of up to

$5,000 related to wages and health benefits provided to an employee whose work from March 17, 2020 through December 31, 2020 was impacted by COVID-19. We are in the process of determining the amount of any such credit.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act made broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including but not limited to, reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent and requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries and adding new rules for Global Intangible Low-tax Income (“GILTI”) and Foreign Derived Intangible Income (“FDII”). Although enacted more than two years ago, regulatory guidance on the application of FDII has not been finalized. We have included the tax impact of both GILTI and FDII in our income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and 2019, based on our understanding of the rules available at the time of this filing. However, our calculations could be impacted by future regulations as guidance is finalized. We will continue to monitor any new guidance related to FDII and determine any impact it may have on our calculations.

As of March 31, 2020, we have $38.6 million of unrecognized tax benefits and related interest and penalties. It is possible the amount of unrecognized tax benefit could change in the next 12 months as a result of a lapse of the statute of limitations and settlements with taxing authorities. The total liability for unrecognized tax benefits is expected to decrease by approximately $2.5 million in the next 12 months due to the lapsing of statutes of limitations. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to audits of U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax returns before 2013. We are currently under an Internal Revenue Service audit for 2015, 2016 and 2017 tax years.

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CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$ 108,344		$ 76,149
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(32,195)	$ 5,297
Other comprehensive loss, related income tax effects	$ 1,500

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ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020
Rollforward of Allowance for Credit Loss
Allowance for credit loss, beginning balance	$ 32,838
Accounts Receivable, Credit Loss Expense (Reversal)	5,072
Write-offs	(5,438)
Allowance for credit loss, ending balance	$ 32,838	$ 32,472

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ACQUISITIONS - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands				3 Months Ended
	Mar. 02, 2020	May 22, 2019	Feb. 28, 2019	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Total purchase consideration net of cash acquired				$ 223,617	$ 44,143
Goodwill recorded in acquisition				$ 176,904
Prime Distribution Services
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash consideration for acquisition	$ 223,100
Goodwill recorded in acquisition	$ 176,400
Dema Service
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Total purchase consideration net of cash acquired		$ 14,200
Goodwill recorded in acquisition		$ 7,800
Space Cargo
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Total purchase consideration net of cash acquired			$ 45,500
Goodwill recorded in acquisition			$ 26,400

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SEGMENT REPORTING - Reportable Segment Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($) employee	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($) employee	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 3,805,008	$ 3,751,210
Net revenues	567,953	678,800
Income (loss) from operations	109,440	224,550
Depreciation and amortization	24,393	24,560
Total assets	$ 4,848,320	$ 4,697,444	$ 4,641,060
Average headcount (employee) | employee	15,450	15,381
Operating Segments | NAST
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 2,823,745	$ 2,796,784
Net revenues	372,778	486,550
Income (loss) from operations	98,526	211,283
Depreciation and amortization	5,254	6,259
Total assets	$ 2,942,719	$ 2,693,668
Average headcount (employee) | employee	7,038	7,424
Operating Segments | Global Forwarding
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 530,384	$ 537,567
Net revenues	128,314	127,236
Income (loss) from operations	11,959	14,203
Depreciation and amortization	9,149	8,926
Total assets	$ 934,625	$ 1,001,881
Average headcount (employee) | employee	4,824	4,707
Operating Segments | All Other and Corporate
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 450,879	$ 416,859
Net revenues	66,861	65,014
Income (loss) from operations	(1,045)	(936)
Depreciation and amortization	9,990	9,375
Total assets	$ 970,976	$ 1,001,895
Average headcount (employee) | employee	3,588	3,250

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STOCK AWARD PLANS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation

A summary of our total compensation expense recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for stock-based compensation is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Stock options	$	5,013	$	4,249
Stock awards	5,403		11,744
Company expense on ESPP discount	981		1,130
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	11,397	$	17,123

Schedule Employee Stock Purchase Plan Activity

The following is a summary of the employee stock purchase plan activity: 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Shares purchased by employees	Aggregate cost to employees		Expense recognized by the company
98,839	$	5,561,671	$	981,471

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CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS	CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSSAccumulated other comprehensive loss is included in Stockholders' investment on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The recorded balance at March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, was $108.3 million and $76.1 million, respectively. Accumulated other comprehensive loss is comprised solely of foreign currency adjustments, net of related income tax effects at March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019. Other comprehensive loss was $32.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, which consisted of foreign currency adjustments, including foreign currency translation, net of related income tax effects of $1.5 million.

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LEASES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Lease Expense, Remaining Lease Terms, Discount Rate and Other Information

Information regarding lease expense, remaining lease term, discount rate, and other select lease information is presented below as of March 31, 2020, and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

Lease Costs	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Operating lease expense	$	19,974	$	16,822
Short-term lease expense	2,572		2,341
Total lease expense	$	22,546	$	19,163

Other Lease Information	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	19,112	$	16,629
Right-of-use lease assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities	60,281		7,732

Lease Term and Discount Rate	As of March 31, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)(1)	7.2
Weighted average discount rate	3.3	%

____________________________________________

(1) The weighted average remaining lease term is significantly impacted by a 15-year lease related to office space in Chicago, IL, that commenced in 2018. Excluding this lease, the weighted average remaining lease term of our agreements is 4.9 years.

Schedule of Maturity of Lease Liabilities

The maturity of lease liabilities as of March 31, 2020, were as follows (in thousands):

Maturity of Lease Liabilities	Operating Leases
Remaining 2020	$	61,390
2021	74,485
2022	62,947
2023	49,726
2024	32,536
Thereafter	123,925
Total lease payments	405,009
Less: Interest	(48,376)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	356,633

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 294,572	$ 447,858
Receivables, net of allowance for credit loss of $32,472 and $32,838	2,092,613	1,974,381
Contract assets, net of allowance for credit loss	123,558	132,874
Prepaid expenses and other	95,896	85,005
Total current assets	2,606,639	2,640,118
Property and equipment, net	211,799	208,423
Goodwill	1,450,999	1,291,760
Other intangible assets, net	132,013	90,931
Right-of-use lease assets	345,908	310,860
Deferred tax assets	14,605	13,485
Other assets	86,357	85,483
Total assets	4,848,320	4,641,060
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,098,905	984,604
Outstanding checks	51,649	78,231
Accrued expenses:
Compensation	88,528	112,784
Transportation expense	93,900	101,194
Income taxes	14,473	12,354
Other accrued liabilities	65,930	62,706
Current lease liabilities	70,423	61,280
Current portion of debt	320,917	142,885
Total current liabilities	1,804,725	1,556,038
Long-term debt	1,092,660	1,092,448
Noncurrent lease liabilities	286,210	259,444
Noncurrent income taxes payable	21,576	22,354
Deferred tax liabilities	55,766	39,776
Other long-term liabilities	265	270
Total liabilities	3,261,202	2,970,330
Stockholders’ investment:
Preferred stock, $0.10 par value, 20,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding	0	0
Common stock, $0.10 par value, 480,000 shares authorized; 179,700 and 179,380 shares issued, 134,586 and 134,895 outstanding	13,459	13,490
Additional paid-in capital	533,819	546,646
Retained earnings	4,153,109	4,144,834
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(108,344)	(76,149)
Treasury stock at cost (45,114 and 44,485 shares)	(3,004,925)	(2,958,091)
Total stockholders’ investment	1,587,118	1,670,730
Total liabilities and stockholders’ investment	$ 4,848,320	$ 4,641,060

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Investment (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividends declared, per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.51	$ 0.50

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LEASES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

LEASES

LEASES

We determine if our contractual agreements contain a lease at inception. A lease is identified when a contract allows us the right to control an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Our lease agreements consist primarily of operating leases for office space, warehouses, office equipment, and a small number of intermodal containers. We do not have material financing leases. Frequently, we enter into contractual relationships with a wide variety of transportation companies for freight capacity, and utilize those relationships to efficiently and cost-effectively arrange the transport of our customers’ freight. These contracts typically have a term of 12 months or less and do not allow us to direct the use or obtain substantially all of the economic benefits of a specifically identified asset. Accordingly, these agreements are not considered leases. In addition, we have made a policy election to not apply the guidance of ASC 842 to leases with a term of 12 months or less as allowed by the standard. These leases are recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Our operating leases are included on the consolidated balance sheets as right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities. A right-of-use lease asset represents our right to use an underlying asset over the term of a lease while a lease liability represents our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Current and noncurrent lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date at the present value of lease payments, including non-lease components, which consist primarily of common area maintenance charges. Right-of-use lease assets are also recognized at commencement date as the total lease liability plus prepaid rents and less any deferred rent liability that existed under ASC 840, Leases, upon transition. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our fully collateralized incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is influenced by our credit rating and lease term and as such may differ for individual leases.

Our lease agreements typically do not contain variable lease payments, residual value guarantees, purchase options, or restrictive covenants. Many of our leases include the option to renew for a period of months to several years. The term of our leases may include the option to renew when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option although these occurrences are seldom. We have lease agreements with lease components (e.g., payments for rent) and non-lease components (e.g., payments for common area maintenance and parking), which are all accounted for as a single lease component.

We do not have material lease agreements that have not yet commenced that are expected to create significant rights or obligations as of March 31, 2020.

Information regarding lease expense, remaining lease term, discount rate, and other select lease information is presented below as of March 31, 2020, and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

Lease Costs	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Operating lease expense	$	19,974	$	16,822
Short-term lease expense	2,572		2,341
Total lease expense	$	22,546	$	19,163

Other Lease Information	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	19,112	$	16,629
Right-of-use lease assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities	60,281		7,732

Lease Term and Discount Rate	As of March 31, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)(1)	7.2
Weighted average discount rate	3.3	%

____________________________________________

⁽¹⁾ The weighted average remaining lease term is significantly impacted by a 15-year lease related to office space in Chicago, IL, that commenced in 2018. Excluding this lease, the weighted average remaining lease term of our agreements is 4.9 years.

The maturity of lease liabilities as of March 31, 2020, were as follows (in thousands):

Maturity of Lease Liabilities	Operating Leases
Remaining 2020	$	61,390
2021	74,485
2022	62,947
2023	49,726
2024	32,536
Thereafter	123,925
Total lease payments	405,009
Less: Interest	(48,376)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	356,633

In addition to minimum lease payments, we are typically responsible under our lease agreements to pay our pro rata share of maintenance expenses, common charges, and real estate taxes of the buildings in which we lease space. Under ASC 842 we have elected to account for non-lease components such as common area maintenance and parking as a single lease component.

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LITIGATION	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
LITIGATION	LITIGATIONWe are not subject to any pending or threatened litigation other than routine litigation arising in the ordinary course of our business operations, including certain contingent auto liability cases. For some legal proceedings, we have accrued an amount that reflects the aggregate liability deemed probable and estimable, but this amount is not material to our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Because of the preliminary nature of many of these proceedings, the difficulty in ascertaining the applicable facts relating to many of these proceedings, the inconsistent treatment of claims made in many of these proceedings, and the difficulty of predicting the settlement value of many of these proceedings, we are often unable to estimate an amount or range of any reasonably possible additional losses. However, based upon our historical experience, the resolution of these proceedings is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

Accounting guidance on fair value measurements for certain financial assets and liabilities requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

•Level 1 — Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 — Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

•Level 3 — Unobservable inputs reflecting the reporting entity’s own assumptions or external inputs from inactive markets.

A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

We had no Level 3 assets or liabilities as of and during the periods ended March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019. There were no transfers between levels during the period.

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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Amortization Over Remaining Life (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Estimated amortization expense
Remaining 2020	$ 25,631
2021	21,768
2022	21,768
2023	19,661
2024	12,112
Thereafter	20,598
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	121,538
NAST
Estimated amortization expense
Remaining 2020	6,070
2021	8,092
2022	8,092
2023	8,092
2024	8,014
Thereafter	17,024
Global Forwarding
Estimated amortization expense
Remaining 2020	19,111
2021	13,076
2022	13,076
2023	10,969
2024	3,498
Thereafter	2,723
All Other and Corporate
Estimated amortization expense
Remaining 2020	450
2021	600
2022	600
2023	600
2024	600
Thereafter	$ 851

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INCOME TAXES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective income tax (percent)	17.10%	22.00%
Effective income tax reduction due to tax impact of share-based awards (percent)	3.60%
Estimated increase in income taxes payable if all foreign earnings were repatriated	$ 3.9
Unrecognized tax benefits and related interest and penalties, all of which would affect our effective tax rate if recognized	38.6
Decrease in unrecognized tax benefits due to lapse of statute of limitations	$ 2.5

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ACQUISITIONS - Identifiable Intangible Assets and Estimated Useful Lives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 02, 2020	May 22, 2019	Feb. 28, 2019
Prime Distribution Services
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Identifiable intangible assets	$ 55,000
Customer relationships | Prime Distribution Services
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated life (years)	7 years
Identifiable intangible assets	$ 55,000
Customer relationships | Dema Service
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated life (years)		7 years
Identifiable intangible assets		$ 4,252
Customer relationships | Space Cargo
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated life (years)			7 years
Identifiable intangible assets			$ 16,439

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LEASES - Lease Data (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Lease Costs
Operating lease expense	$ 19,974	$ 16,822
Short-term lease expense	2,572	2,341
Total lease expense	22,546	19,163
Other Lease Information
Operating cash flows from operating leases	19,112	16,629
Right-of-use lease assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities	$ 60,281	$ 7,732
Lease Term and Discount Rate
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	7 years 2 months 12 days
Weighted average discount rate (percent)	3.30%
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining lease term, excluding Chicago office space (in years)	4 years 10 months 24 days
Chicago Office Space
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lease term (in years)			15 years

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc., and our subsidiaries (“the company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) are a global provider of transportation services and logistics solutions operating through a network of offices located in North America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, and South America. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc., and our majority owned and controlled subsidiaries. Our minority interests in subsidiaries are not significant. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

Our reportable segments are NAST and Global Forwarding with all other segments included in All Other and Corporate. The All Other and Corporate reportable segment includes Robinson Fresh, Managed Services, Other Surface Transportation outside of North America, and other miscellaneous revenues and unallocated corporate expenses. For financial information concerning our reportable segments, refer to Note 9, Segment Reporting.

The condensed consolidated financial statements, which are unaudited, have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In our opinion, these financial statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

Consistent with SEC rules and regulations, we have condensed or omitted certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. You should read the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU (“Accounting Standards Update”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, and in November 2018 issued a subsequent amendment, ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. This update changes how entities measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The update replaces the historical “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost. The update affects loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope of this amendment that have the contractual right to receive cash. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2020. We have updated our allowance for credit losses, formerly described as our allowance for doubtful accounts, significant accounting policy below as a result of adopting the new standard. The impact of adoption was not material to our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting which provides optional practical expedients to simplify accounting for reference rate reform. Amongst other practical expedients, the update allows for contract modifications due to reference rate reform for certain receivables and debt contracts to be accounted for by prospectively adjusting the effective interest rate. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities beginning on March 12, 2020, and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the effects that adoption of this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, includes a summary of the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. We have updated these policies below to effect the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326 in the first quarter of 2020.

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES. Accounts receivable and contract assets are reduced by an allowance for expected credit losses. We determine our allowance for expected credit losses by evaluating two approaches that consider our past credit loss experience, our customers' credit ratings, and other customer specific and macroeconomic factors. The first approach is pooling our customers by credit rating and applying an expected loss ratio based upon credit rating and number of days the receivable has been outstanding, (i.e. aging approach). The second approach is to compute an expected loss ratio for each credit rating pool based upon our historical write-off experience and apply it to our accounts receivable, (i.e. loss ratio approach). These two approaches are evaluated in consideration of other known information and customer specific and macroeconomic factors, including the price of diesel fuel, for purposes of determining the expected credit loss allowance.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 3,805,008	$ 3,751,210
Costs and expenses:
Personnel expenses	330,220	340,098
Other selling, general, and administrative expenses	128,293	114,152
Total costs and expenses	3,695,568	3,526,660
Income from operations	109,440	224,550
Interest and other expense	(15,228)	(17,140)
Income before provision for income taxes	94,212	207,410
Provision for income taxes	16,066	45,622
Net income	78,146	161,788
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(32,195)	5,297
Comprehensive income	$ 45,951	$ 167,085
Basic net income per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.58	$ 1.17
Diluted net income per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.57	$ 1.16
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (shares)	135,474	137,854
Dilutive effect of outstanding stock awards (shares)	495	1,101
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding (shares)	135,969	138,955
Transportation
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 3,542,118	$ 3,504,932
Costs and expenses:
Purchased products and services	3,000,113	2,853,256
Sourcing
Revenues:
Total revenues	262,890	246,278
Costs and expenses:
Purchased products and services	$ 236,942	$ 219,154

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SEGMENT REPORTING (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Summary of Segment Information

Reportable segment information as of, and for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and 2019, is as follows (dollars in thousands):

	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Consolidated
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Total revenues	$	2,823,745	$	530,384	$	450,879	$	3,805,008
Net revenues	372,778		128,314		66,861		567,953
Income (loss) from operations	98,526		11,959		(1,045)		109,440
Depreciation and amortization	5,254		9,149		9,990		24,393
Total assets(1)	2,942,719		934,625		970,976		4,848,320
Average headcount	7,038		4,824		3,588		15,450
	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Consolidated
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Total revenues	$	2,796,784	$	537,567	$	416,859	$	3,751,210
Net revenues	486,550		127,236		65,014		678,800
Income (loss) from operations	211,283		14,203		(936)		224,550
Depreciation and amortization	6,259		8,926		9,375		24,560
Total assets(1)	2,693,668		1,001,881		1,001,895		4,697,444
Average headcount	7,424		4,707		3,250		15,381

_________________________________________

(1) All cash and cash equivalents are included in All Other and Corporate.

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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Goodwill

The change in carrying amount of goodwill is as follows (in thousands):

	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Total
Balance December 31, 2019	$	1,015,570	$	208,420	$	67,770	$	1,291,760
Acquisitions	176,397		507		—		176,904
Translation	(12,592)		(4,222)		(851)		(17,665)
Balance March 31, 2020	$	1,179,375	$	204,705	$	66,919	$	1,450,999

Schedule of Intangible Assets

Identifiable intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net		Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Finite-lived intangibles
Customer relationships	$	282,180	$	(160,642)	$	121,538	$	237,335	$	(156,879)	$	80,456
Indefinite-lived intangibles
Trademarks	10,475		—		10,475		10,475		—		10,475
Total intangibles	$	292,655	$	(160,642)	$	132,013	$	247,810	$	(156,879)	$	90,931

Schedule of Amortization Expense

Amortization expense for other intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Amortization expense	$	8,376	$	9,293

Schedule of Future Amortization of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

Finite-lived intangible assets, by reportable segment, as of March 31, 2020, will be amortized over their remaining lives as follows (in thousands):

	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Total
Remaining 2020	$	6,070	$	19,111	$	450	$	25,631
2021	8,092		13,076		600		21,768
2022	8,092		13,076		600		21,768
2023	8,092		10,969		600		19,661
2024	8,014		3,498		600		12,112
Thereafter	17,024		2,723		851		20,598
Total							$	121,538

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ACQUISITIONS - Allocation of Purchase Consideration (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 02, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Allocation of Purchase Consideration
Goodwill	$ 1,450,999		$ 1,291,760
Prime Distribution Services
Allocation of Purchase Consideration
Current assets		$ 8,197
Property and equipment		7,356
Right-of-use lease assets		35,017
Other intangible assets		55,000
Goodwill		176,397
Total assets		281,967
Current liabilities		10,470
Lease liabilities		35,017
Deferred tax liabilities		13,375
Net assets acquired		$ 223,105

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REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS - Total Revenues Disaggregated by Major Service Line and Timing of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 3,805,008	$ 3,751,210
Operating Segments | NAST
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	2,823,745	2,796,784
Operating Segments | Global Forwarding
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	530,384	537,567
Operating Segments | All Other and Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	450,879	416,859
Transportation and logistics services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	3,542,118	3,504,932
Transportation and logistics services | Performance obligations completed over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	3,542,118	3,504,932
Transportation and logistics services | Operating Segments | NAST | Performance obligations completed over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	2,823,745	2,796,784
Transportation and logistics services | Operating Segments | Global Forwarding | Performance obligations completed over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	530,384	537,567
Transportation and logistics services | Operating Segments | All Other and Corporate | Performance obligations completed over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	187,989	170,581
Sourcing
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	262,890	246,278
Sourcing | Performance obligations completed at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	262,890	246,278
Sourcing | Operating Segments | NAST | Performance obligations completed at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	0	0
Sourcing | Operating Segments | Global Forwarding | Performance obligations completed at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	0	0
Sourcing | Operating Segments | All Other and Corporate | Performance obligations completed at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 262,890	$ 246,278

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Cover Page - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Apr. 29, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2020
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-23189
Entity Registrant Name	C.H. ROBINSON WORLDWIDE, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001043277
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	41-1883630
Entity Address, Address Line One	14701 Charlson Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Eden Prairie
Entity Address, State or Province	MN
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	55347
City Area Code	952
Local Phone Number	937-8500
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.10 par value
Trading Symbol	CHRW
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		134,609,978

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Investment - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 1,670,730	$ 1,595,087
Net income	78,146	161,788
Foreign currency adjustments, net of tax	(32,195)	5,297
Dividends declared	(69,871)	(69,683)
Stock issued for employee benefit plans	(2,526)	7,573
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures	0	0
Stock-based compensation expense	11,397	17,123
Repurchase of common stock	(68,563)	(64,624)
Ending balance	$ 1,587,118	$ 1,652,561
Common Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)	134,895	137,284
Beginning balance	$ 13,490	$ 13,728
Stock issued for employee benefit plans (in shares)	343	342
Stock issued for employee benefit plans	$ 34	$ 34
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures (in shares)	321
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures (in shares)		(3)
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures	$ 32	$ 0
Stock-based compensation expense (in shares)	0	0
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 0	$ 0
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)	(973)	(734)
Repurchase of common stock	$ (97)	$ (73)
Ending balance (in shares)	134,586	136,889
Ending balance	$ 13,459	$ 13,689
Additional Paid-in Capital
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	546,646	521,486
Stock issued for employee benefit plans	(24,192)	(11,520)
Issuance of restricted stock, net of forfeitures	(32)	0
Stock-based compensation expense	11,397	17,123
Ending balance	533,819	527,089
Retained Earnings
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	4,144,834	3,845,593
Net income	78,146	161,788
Dividends declared	(69,871)	(69,683)
Ending balance	4,153,109	3,937,698
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(76,149)	(71,935)
Foreign currency adjustments, net of tax	(32,195)	5,297
Ending balance	(108,344)	(66,638)
Treasury Stock
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(2,958,091)	(2,713,785)
Stock issued for employee benefit plans	21,632	19,059
Stock-based compensation expense	0	0
Repurchase of common stock	(68,466)	(64,551)
Ending balance	$ (3,004,925)	$ (2,759,277)

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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The change in carrying amount of goodwill is as follows (in thousands):

	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Total
Balance December 31, 2019	$	1,015,570	$	208,420	$	67,770	$	1,291,760
Acquisitions	176,397		507		—		176,904
Translation	(12,592)		(4,222)		(851)		(17,665)
Balance March 31, 2020	$	1,179,375	$	204,705	$	66,919	$	1,450,999

Goodwill is tested at least annually for impairment on November 30, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. We first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units is less than their respective carrying value (“Step Zero Analysis”). If the Step Zero Analysis indicates it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units is less than their respective carrying value, an additional impairment assessment is performed (“Step One Analysis”). We considered whether there were any changes in circumstances indicating that our goodwill might be impaired, including consideration of the impacts of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) on financial markets and our business operations, and determined the more likely than not criteria had not been met, and therefore a Step One Analysis was not required as of March 31, 2020.

Identifiable intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net		Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net
Finite-lived intangibles
Customer relationships	$	282,180	$	(160,642)	$	121,538	$	237,335	$	(156,879)	$	80,456
Indefinite-lived intangibles
Trademarks	10,475		—		10,475		10,475		—		10,475
Total intangibles	$	292,655	$	(160,642)	$	132,013	$	247,810	$	(156,879)	$	90,931

Amortization expense for other intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Amortization expense	$	8,376	$	9,293

Finite-lived intangible assets, by reportable segment, as of March 31, 2020, will be amortized over their remaining lives as follows (in thousands):

	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Total
Remaining 2020	$	6,070	$	19,111	$	450	$	25,631
2021	8,092		13,076		600		21,768
2022	8,092		13,076		600		21,768
2023	8,092		10,969		600		19,661
2024	8,014		3,498		600		12,112
Thereafter	17,024		2,723		851		20,598
Total							$	121,538

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REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Summary of Total Revenues Disaggregated by Major Service Line and Timing of Revenue Recognition

A summary of our total revenues disaggregated by major service line and timing of revenue recognition is presented below for each of our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Total
Major Service Lines
Transportation and logistics services(1)	$	2,823,745	$	530,384	$	187,989	$	3,542,118
Sourcing(2)	—		—		262,890		262,890
Total	$	2,823,745	$	530,384	$	450,879	$	3,805,008
	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	NAST		Global Forwarding		All Other and Corporate		Total
Major Service Lines
Transportation and logistics services(1)	$	2,796,784	$	537,567	$	170,581	$	3,504,932
Sourcing(2)	—		—		246,278		246,278
Total	$	2,796,784	$	537,567	$	416,859	$	3,751,210

____________________________________________

⁽¹⁾ Transportation and logistics services performance obligations are completed over time.

⁽²⁾ Sourcing performance obligations are completed at a point in time.

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FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Short-term and Long-term Debt

The components of our short-term and long-term debt and the associated interest rates were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Average interest rate as of					Carrying value as of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		Maturity	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Revolving credit facility	1.94	%	—	%	October 2023	$	71,000	$	—
Senior Notes, Series A	3.97	%	3.97	%	August 2023	175,000		175,000
Senior Notes, Series B	4.26	%	4.26	%	August 2028	150,000		150,000
Senior Notes, Series C	4.60	%	4.60	%	August 2033	175,000		175,000
Receivables securitization facility (1)	1.64	%	2.41	%	December 2020	249,917		142,885
Senior Notes (1)	4.20	%	4.20	%	April 2028	592,660		592,448
Total debt						1,413,577		1,235,333
Less: Current maturities and short-term borrowing						(320,917)		(142,885)
Long-term debt						$	1,092,660	$	1,092,448

____________________________________________

⁽¹⁾ Net of unamortized discounts and issuance costs.

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ACQUISITIONS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Business Combinations [Abstract]

ACQUISITIONS

ACQUISITIONS

Prime Distribution Services

On March 2, 2020, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Prime Distribution Services (“Prime Distribution”), a leading provider of retail consolidation services in North America for $223.1 million in cash. This acquisition adds scale and value-added warehouse capabilities to our retail consolidation platform, adding to our global suite of services.

The following is a summary of the allocation of purchase consideration to the estimated fair value of net assets for the acquisition of Prime Distribution.

Current assets	$	8,197
Property and equipment	7,356
Right-of-use lease assets	35,017
Other intangible assets	55,000
Goodwill	176,397
Total assets	281,967
Current liabilities	10,470
Lease liabilities	35,017
Deferred tax liabilities	13,375
Net assets acquired	$	223,105

Identifiable intangible assets and estimated useful lives are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Estimated Life (years)
Customer relationships	7	$	55,000

There was $176.4 million of goodwill recorded related to the acquisition of Prime Distribution. The Prime Distribution goodwill is a result of acquiring and retaining the Prime Distribution workforce and expected synergies from integrating its business into ours. Purchase accounting is considered preliminary, subject to revision primarily related to certain potential post-closing and working capital adjustments, as final information was not available as of March 31, 2020. The goodwill will not be deductible for tax purposes. The acquisition was effective as of February 29, 2020, and therefore the results of operations of Prime Distribution have been included as part of the North American Surface Transportation segment in our consolidated financial statements since March 1, 2020.

Dema Service S.p.A

On May 22, 2019, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Dema Service S.p.A. (“Dema Service”) to strengthen our existing footprint in Italy. Total purchase consideration, net of cash acquired was $14.2 million, which was paid in cash.

Identifiable intangible assets and estimated useful lives are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Estimated Life (years)
Customer relationships	7	$	4,252

There was $7.8 million of goodwill recorded related to the acquisition of Dema Service. The Dema Service goodwill is a result of acquiring and retaining the Dema Service workforce and expected synergies from integrating its business into ours. Purchase accounting is considered complete. No goodwill was recognized for Italian tax purposes from the acquisition. The results of operations of Dema Service have been included as part of the All Other and Corporate segment in our consolidated financial statements since May 23, 2019.

The Space Cargo Group

On February 28, 2019, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of The Space Cargo Group (“Space Cargo”) for the purpose of expanding our presence and capabilities in Spain and Colombia. Total purchase consideration, net of cash acquired, was $45.5 million, which was paid in cash.

Identifiable intangible assets and estimated useful lives are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Estimated Life (years)
Customer relationships	7	$	16,439

There was $26.4 million of goodwill recorded related to the acquisition of Space Cargo. The Space Cargo goodwill is a result of acquiring and retaining the Space Cargo workforce and expected synergies from integrating its business into ours. Purchase accounting is considered complete. No goodwill was recognized for Spanish tax purposes from the acquisition. The results of operations of Space Cargo have been included as part of the Global Forwarding segment in our consolidated financial statements since March 1, 2019.

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FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

The components of our short-term and long-term debt and the associated interest rates were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Average interest rate as of					Carrying value as of
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		Maturity	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Revolving credit facility	1.94	%	—	%	October 2023	$	71,000	$	—
Senior Notes, Series A	3.97	%	3.97	%	August 2023	175,000		175,000
Senior Notes, Series B	4.26	%	4.26	%	August 2028	150,000		150,000
Senior Notes, Series C	4.60	%	4.60	%	August 2033	175,000		175,000
Receivables securitization facility (1)	1.64	%	2.41	%	December 2020	249,917		142,885
Senior Notes (1)	4.20	%	4.20	%	April 2028	592,660		592,448
Total debt						1,413,577		1,235,333
Less: Current maturities and short-term borrowing						(320,917)		(142,885)
Long-term debt						$	1,092,660	$	1,092,448

____________________________________________

⁽¹⁾ Net of unamortized discounts and issuance costs.

SENIOR UNSECURED REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY

We have a senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the "Credit Agreement") with a total availability of $1 billion and a maturity date of October 24, 2023. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement generally bear interest at a variable rate determined by a pricing schedule or the base rate (which is the highest of (a) the administrative agent's prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50 percent, or (c) the sum of applicable LIBOR plus 1.125 percent. In addition, there is a commitment fee on the average daily undrawn stated amount under each letter of credit issued under the facility ranging from 0.075 percent to 0.200 percent. The recorded amount of borrowings outstanding approximates fair value because of the short maturity period of the debt; therefore, we consider these borrowings to be a Level 2 financial liability.

The Credit Agreement contains various restrictions and covenants that require us to maintain certain financial ratios, including a maximum leverage ratio of 3.50 to 1.00. The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default. If an event of default under the Credit Agreement occurs and is continuing, then the administrative agent may declare any outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable. In addition, if we become the subject of voluntary or involuntary proceedings under any bankruptcy, insolvency, or similar law, then any outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement will automatically become immediately due and payable.

NOTE PURCHASE AGREEMENT

On August 23, 2013, we entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with certain institutional investors (the “Purchasers”). On August 27, 2013, the Purchasers purchased an aggregate principal amount of $500 million of our Senior Notes, Series A, Senior Notes Series B, and Senior Notes Series C, collectively (the “Notes”). Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears. The fair value of the Notes approximated $511.7 million at March 31, 2020. We estimate the fair value of the Notes primarily using an expected present value technique, which is based on observable market inputs using interest rates currently available to companies of similar credit standing for similar terms and remaining maturities, and considering our own risk. If the Notes were recorded at fair value, they would be classified as Level 2.

The Note Purchase Agreement contains various restrictions and covenants that require us to maintain certain financial ratios, including a maximum leverage ratio of 3.00 to 1.00, a minimum interest coverage ratio of 2.00 to 1.00, and a maximum consolidated priority debt to consolidated total asset ratio of 15 percent.

The Note Purchase Agreement provides for customary events of default. The occurrence of an event of default would permit certain Purchasers to declare certain Notes then outstanding to be immediately due and payable. Under the terms of the Note Purchase Agreement, the Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at 100 percent of the principal amount being redeemed together with a “make-whole amount” (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement), and accrued and unpaid interest with respect to each Note. The obligations of the company under the Note Purchase Agreement and the Notes are guaranteed by C.H. Robinson Company, a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the company, and by C.H. Robinson Company, Inc., a Minnesota corporation and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the company.

U.S. TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE SECURITIZATION

We have a receivables securitization facility (the “Receivables Securitization Facility”) that currently expires on December 17, 2020, unless extended by the parties. The Receivables Securitization Facility is based on the securitization of certain of our U.S. trade accounts receivable and provides funding of up to $250 million. The interest rate on borrowings under the Receivables Securitization Facility is based on one-month LIBOR plus 0.65 percent. There is also a commitment fee we are required to pay on any unused portion of the facility. The recorded amount of borrowings outstanding on the Receivables Securitization Facility approximates fair value because it can be redeemed on short notice and the interest rate floats, therefore, we consider these borrowings to be a Level 2 financial liability.

The Receivables Securitization Facility contains various customary affirmative and negative covenants, and it also contains customary default and termination provisions which provide for acceleration of amounts owed under the Receivables Securitization Facility upon the occurrence of certain specified events.

SENIOR NOTES

On April 9, 2018, we issued senior unsecured notes ("Senior Notes") through a public offering. The Senior Notes bear an annual interest rate of 4.20 percent payable semi-annually on April 15 and October 15, until maturity on April 15, 2028. Taking into effect the amortization of the original issue discount and all underwriting and issuance expenses, the Senior Notes have an effective yield to maturity of approximately 4.39 percent per annum. The fair value of the Senior Notes, excluding debt discounts and issuance costs, approximated $648.5 million as of March 31, 2020, based primarily on the market prices quoted from external sources. The carrying value of the Senior Notes was $592.7 million as of March 31, 2020. If the Senior Notes were measured at fair value in the financial statements, they would be classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

We may redeem the Senior Notes, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time prior to their maturity at the applicable redemption prices described in the Senior Notes. Upon the occurrence of a “change of control triggering event” as defined in the Senior Notes (generally, a change of control of us accompanied by a reduction in the credit rating for the Senior Notes), we will generally be required to make an offer to repurchase the Senior Notes from holders at 101 percent of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repurchase.

The Senior Notes were issued under an indenture that contains covenants imposing certain limitations on our ability to incur liens, enter into sales and leaseback transactions and consolidate, or merge or transfer substantially all of our assets and those of our subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. It also provides for customary events of default (subject in certain cases to customary grace and cure periods), which include among other things nonpayment, breach of covenants in the indenture, and certain events of bankruptcy and insolvency. If an event of default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Senior Notes, the trustee or holders of at least 25 percent in principal amount outstanding of the Senior Notes may declare the principal and the accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the outstanding Senior Notes to be due and payable. These covenants and events of default are subject to a number of important qualifications, limitations, and exceptions that are described in the indenture. The indenture does not contain any financial ratios or specified levels of net worth or liquidity to which we must adhere.

As of March 31, 2020, we were in compliance with all of the covenants under the Credit Agreement, Note Purchase Agreement, Receivables Securitization Facility, and Senior Notes.

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ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Credit Loss [Abstract]

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

We adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments (Topic 326), as of January 1, 2020. Prior period information was not restated and continues to be presented under guidance effective for those periods. Topic 326 changes how entities measure credit losses for certain financial assets including accounts receivable by replacing the historical “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model. We have updated our significant accounting policy for allowance for credit losses as discussed in Note 1, Basis of Presentation.

Our allowance for credit losses is computed using a number of factors including our past credit loss experience, the aging of amounts due from our customers, our customers' credit ratings, in addition to other customer specific factors. We have also assessed the current macroeconomic environment, including the impact of COVID-19, to determine our ending allowance for credit losses for both accounts receivable and contract assets. The allowance for credit losses on contract assets was not significant.

A rollforward of our allowance for credit losses on our accounts receivable balance is presented below for the three months ended March 31, 2020:

Balance, December 31, 2019	$	32,838
Provision	5,072
Write-offs	(5,438)
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	32,472

Recoveries of amounts previously written off were not significant for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization expense	$ 8,376	$ 9,293

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FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Aug. 27, 2013 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	$ 511,700,000
Long-term debt	1,413,577,000	$ 1,235,333,000
Line of Credit | Revolving credit facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 1,000,000,000
Maximum leverage ratio	3.50
Long-term debt	$ 71,000,000	0
Line of Credit | Revolving credit facility | Federal Funds Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (percent)	0.50%
Line of Credit | Revolving credit facility | LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (percent)	1.125%
Line of Credit | Revolving credit facility | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fee (percent)	0.075%
Line of Credit | Revolving credit facility | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Commitment fee (percent)	0.20%
Unsecured Debt | Senior Notes Due 2028
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, fair value	$ 648,500,000
Debt instrument, redemption price (percent)	101.00%
Debt instrument, annual interest rate (percent)	4.20%
Debt instrument, effective yield (percent)	4.39%
Long-term debt	$ 592,660,000	592,448,000
Threshold for holders of principal outstanding to declare principal and unpaid interest payable (percent)	25.00%
Senior Notes | Note Purchase Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum leverage ratio	3.00
Minimum interest coverage ratio	2.00
Debt instrument principal amount			$ 500,000,000
Maximum priority debt to total assets ratio (percent)	15.00%
Debt instrument, redemption price (percent)	100.00%
Secured Debt | Receivables Securitization Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 250,000,000
Long-term debt	$ 249,917,000	$ 142,885,000
Secured Debt | Receivables Securitization Facility | LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (percent)	0.65%