NOTE 5 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to legal proceedings, claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business related to the Company’s operations and property ownership. The Company evaluates such matters on a case by case basis, and vigorously contests any such legal proceedings or claims which the Company believes are without merit. The Company establishes an accrual for legal proceedings if and when those matters reach a stage where they present loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable. In such cases, there may be a possible exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. The Company monitors those matters for developments that would affect the likelihood of a loss and the accrued amount, if any, thereof, and adjusts the amount as appropriate. If the loss contingency at issue is not both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company does not establish an accrual, but will continue to monitor the matter for developments that will make the loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. If it is at least a reasonable possibility that a material loss will occur, the Company will provide disclosure regarding the contingency. The Company believes that the final disposition of the pending legal proceedings, claims and litigation will not have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or liquidity. It is possible, however, that the Company's results of operations for a particular quarter or fiscal year could be impacted by changes in circumstances relating to such matters.

Taxes

Income Taxes – The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributed to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carry-forwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts expected to be realized.

The Company is required to file federal and state tax returns in the United States and various other tax returns in foreign jurisdictions. The preparation of these tax returns requires the Company to interpret the applicable tax laws and regulations in effect in such jurisdictions, which could affect the amount of tax paid by the Company. The Company, in consultation with its tax advisors, bases its tax returns on interpretations that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The tax returns, however, are subject to routine reviews by the various taxing authorities in the jurisdictions in which the Company files its returns. As part of these reviews, a taxing authority may disagree with respect to the interpretations the Company used to calculate its tax liability and therefore require the Company to pay additional taxes.

The Company accrues an amount for its estimate of probable additional income tax liability. In certain cases, the impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant tax authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than 50% likelihood of being sustained. In the quarter ended May 31, 2018, as part of the tax Company’s acquisition of Aeropost, the Company booked uncertain income tax positions in the amount of $3.1 million. There were no other significant changes in the Company's uncertain income tax positions as of May 31, 2018 and August 31, 2017.

In evaluating the exposure associated with various non-income tax filing positions, the Company accrues for probable and estimable exposures for non-income tax related tax contingencies. As of May 31, 2018 and August 31, 2017, the Company has recorded within other accrued expenses a total of $3.0 million and $3.4 million, respectively, for various non-income tax related tax contingencies.

While the Company believes the recorded liabilities are adequate, there are inherent limitations in projecting the outcome of litigation, in estimating probable additional income tax liability taking into account uncertain tax positions and in evaluating the probable additional tax associated with various non-income tax filing positions. As such, the Company is unable to make a reasonable estimate of the sensitivity to change of estimates affecting its recorded liabilities. As additional information becomes available, the Company assesses the potential liability and revises its estimates as appropriate.

The Company has various appeals pending before tax courts in its subsidiaries' jurisdictions. Any possible settlement could increase or decrease earnings but is not expected to be significant. Audit outcomes and the timing of audit settlements are subject to significant uncertainty. One of the Company’s subsidiaries received assessments claiming $2.8 million of taxes, penalties and interest related to withholding taxes on certain charges for services rendered by the Company. In addition, this subsidiary received assessments totaling $5.6 million for lack of deductibility of the underlying service charges due to the lack of withholding. Based on a review of the Company's tax advisers' interpretation of local law, rulings and jurisprudence (including Supreme Court precedents with respect to the deductibility assessment), the Company expects to prevail in both instances and has not recorded a provision for these assessments. However, the Company had to submit these amounts as advance payments to the government while it appeals.

In another country in which the Company has warehouse clubs, beginning in fiscal year 2015, a new minimum income tax mechanism took effect, which requires the Company to pay taxes based on a percentage of sales rather than income. As a result, the Company is making income tax payments substantially in excess of those it would expect to pay based on taxable income. The current rules (which the Company has challenged in court) do not clearly allow the Company to obtain a refund or to offset this excess income tax against other taxes. As of May 31, 2018 and August 31, 2017, the Company had deferred tax assets of approximately $2.2 million and $2.0 million in this country, respectively. Also, the Company had an income tax receivable balance of $5.5 million and $4.3 million as of May 31, 2018 and August 31, 2017, respectively, related to excess payments from fiscal years 2015 to 2017. The Company has not placed any type of allowance on the recoverability of these tax receivables or deferred tax assets, because the Company believes that it is more likely than not that it will succeed in its refund request and/or court challenge on this matter. In the third quarter of fiscal year 2018, a revised minimum tax law was passed in this country, which beginning in fiscal 2019 will reduce the minimum tax rate. Additionally, this law clarifies rules for reimbursement of excess minimum tax paid, which the Company believes will facilitate this reimbursement on a go-forward basis.

The Company has not historically provided for U.S. deferred taxes on cumulative non-U.S. undistributed earnings as such earnings have been deemed by the Company to be indefinitely reinvested. However, subsequent to new United States tax legislation, PriceSmart made a provisional estimate of the one-time transitional repatriation tax on unremitted foreign earnings (“Transition Tax”) of approximately $13.4 million, which was recorded as an income tax expense in the second quarter of fiscal 2018. The cash amounts due for the Transition Tax will be offset by foreign tax credits expected to exceed $10.0 million, with the remainder to be paid in equal installments over 8 years.

Other Commitments

The Company is committed under non-cancelable operating leases for the rental of facilities and land. Future minimum lease commitments for facilities under these leases with an initial term in excess of one year are as follows (in thousands):



	Maturity of
Years ended May 31,	Lease Liabilities (1)
2019	$	13,509
2020		12,138
2021		10,597
2022		9,284
2023		9,412
Thereafter		113,315
Total	$	168,255	(2)(3)

⁽¹⁾

Operating lease obligations have been reduced by approximately $1.7 million to reflect sub-lease income. Certain obligations under leasing arrangements are collateralized by the underlying asset being leased.

⁽²⁾

Future minimum lease payments include $2.6 million of lease payment obligations for the prior leased Miami distribution center. For the purposes of calculating the minimum lease payments, no reduction was considered for the potential sub-lease income the Company could receive during the remaining lease term for unexecuted subleases. However, projected income for any executed sub-leases would be used to reduce the amount reported as minimum lease payments. Potential sub-lease income was considered, however, for the purposes of calculating the exit obligation which was immaterial on the balance sheet as of May 31, 2018.

⁽³⁾

Future minimum lease payments do not include the approximately $31.6 million of minimum lease payments related to the Honduras lease extension contract entered into in June 2018. See Note 10 – Subsequent Events.

In January 2017, the Company purchased a distribution center in Medley, Miami-Dade County, Florida. The Company transferred its Miami dry distribution center activities that were previously in the leased facility to the new facility during the third quarter of fiscal year 2017. Some portions of the vacated previously leased space were subleased (and subsequently returned to the landlord). As part of the agreement to return one sublease to the landlord, the Company was required to execute and deliver to the landlord of the leased facility a letter of credit (“LOC”) in the amount of $500,000 which entitles the landlord to draw on the LOC if certain conditions occur related to nonpayment by the new tenant. The balance of this LOC decreases at an annual rate of $125,000 starting in August 2018. Although this agreement is considered a guarantee, in measuring the fair value, the Company considers the risk and probability of default by the third party tenant as not likely nor probable based on the Company’s review of the third party tenant’s financial position as well as the third party’s considerable capital investment into the leased facility. Therefore, the Company has not recorded a liability for this guarantee.

The Company is also committed to non-cancelable construction services obligations for various warehouse club developments and expansions. As of May 31, 2018 and as of August 31, 2017, the Company had approximately $7.9 million in contractual obligations for construction services not yet rendered.

The Company has entered into land purchase option agreements that have not been recorded as commitments, for which the Company has recorded within restricted cash and deposits as of May 31, 2018 and August 31, 2017 approximately $545,000. The land purchase option agreements can be canceled at the sole option of the Company, with the deposits being fully refundable until all permits are issued. The Company does not have a timetable of when or if it will exercise these land purchase options, due to the uncertainty related to the completion of the Company's due diligence reviews. The Company's due diligence reviews include evaluations of the legal status of each property, the zoning and permitting issues related to acquiring approval for the construction and operation of a warehouse club and any other issues related to the property itself that could render the property unsuitable or limit the property's economic viability as a warehouse club site. If the purchase option agreements are exercised, the cash use would be approximately $14.4 million.

The table below summarizes the Company’s interest in real estate joint ventures, commitments to additional future investments and the Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a tresult of its involvement in these joint venture as of May 31, 2018 (in thousands):



Entity	% Ownership		Initial Investment		Additional Investments		Net (Loss)/Income Inception to Date		Company’s Variable Interest in Entity		Commitment to Future Additional Investments(1)		Company's Maximum Exposure to Loss in Entity(2)
GolfPark Plaza, S.A.	50	%	$	4,616	$	2,402	$	274	$	7,292	$	99	$	7,391
Price Plaza Alajuela, S.A.	50	%		2,193		1,236		48		3,477		785		4,262
Total			$	6,809	$	3,638	$	322	$	10,769	$	884	$	11,653

⁽¹⁾

The parties intend to seek alternate financing for the project, which could reduce the amount of investments each party would be required to provide. The parties may mutually agree on changes to the project, which could increase or decrease the amount of contributions each party is required to provide.

⁽²⁾

The maximum exposure is determined by adding the Company’s variable interest in the entity and any explicit or implicit arrangements that could require the Company to provide additional financial support.

The Company contracts for distribution center services in Mexico. The contract for this distribution center's services expires on August 31, 2020, with the applicable fees and rates to be reviewed at the beginning of each calendar year. Future minimum service commitments related to this contract through the end of the contract term are approximately $373,000.

The Company contracts for off-site data recovery services as part of its disaster recovery plan. The contract for these data recovery services expires on November 30, 2019. Future minimum service commitments related to this contract are approximately $372,000 and $186,000 for 12-month periods ending May 31, 2019 and for the remaining six-month period ending November 30, 2019, respectively.