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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Urban One, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Urban One,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and/or “us”) is an urban-oriented, multi-media Company that primarily targets African-American and urban consumers. Our core business is our radio broadcasting franchise which is the largest radio broadcasting operation that primarily targets African-American and urban listeners. As of December 31, 2024, the Company owned and/or operated 72 independently formatted, revenue producing broadcast stations (including 57 FM or AM stations, 13 HD stations, and the 2 low power television stations the Company operated), located in 13 of the most populous African-American markets in the United States. While a core source of our revenue has historically been and remains the sale of local and national advertising for broadcast on our radio stations, our strategy is to operate the premier multi-media entertainment and information content platform targeting African-American and urban consumers. Thus, the Company has diversified its revenue streams by making acquisitions and investments in other complementary media properties. Our diverse media and entertainment interests include TV One, LLC (“TV One”), which operates two cable television networks targeting African-American and urban viewers, TV One and CLEO TV; our 90.0% ownership interest in Reach Media, Inc. (“Reach Media”) which operates the Rickey Smiley Morning Show and our other syndicated programming assets, including the Get Up! Mornings with Erica Campbell Show and the DL Hughley Show; and Interactive One, LLC (“Interactive One”), our wholly owned digital platform serving the African-American community through social content, news, information, and entertainment websites, including its iONE Digital, Cassius and Bossip, HipHopWired and MadameNoire digital platforms and brands. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed the sale of its interest in MGM National Harbor (the “MGM Investment”), a gaming resort located in Prince George’s County, Maryland. Through our national multi-media operations, the Company provides advertisers with a unique and powerful delivery mechanism to communicate with African-American and urban audiences.

Our core radio broadcasting franchise operates under the brand “Radio One.” The Company also operates other brands, such as TV One, CLEO TV, Reach Media, iONE Digital and One Solution, while developing additional branding reflective of our diverse media operations and our targeting of African-American and urban audiences.

As part of our consolidated financial statements, consistent with our financial reporting structure and how the Company currently manages its businesses, the Company has provided selected financial information on the Company’s four reportable segments: (i) Radio Broadcasting; (ii) Reach Media; (iii) Digital; and (iv) Cable Television. (See Note 20 – Segment Information of our consolidated financial statements for further discussion).

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of Urban One and subsidiaries in which Urban One has a controlling financial interest, which is generally determined when the Company holds a majority voting interest. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Non-controlling interests have been recognized where a controlling interest exists, but the Company owns less than 100% of the controlled entity.

The Company is required to include the financial statements of variable interest entities (“VIE”) in its consolidated financial statements. Under the VIE model, the Company consolidates an investment if it has control to direct the activities of the entity and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. The most significant estimates and assumptions are used in determining: (i) estimates of future cash flows, revenue growth, operating profit margin mature market share, royalty payment avoided, cumulative probability of continued use and terminal growth rate used to evaluate and recognize impairments; (ii) estimates of fair value of the Employment Agreement Award (as defined below) and redeemable non-controlling interest in Reach Media; and (iii) deferred taxes and related valuation allowance, including uncertain tax positions.

These estimates and assumptions may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. The Company bases these estimates on historical experience, the current economic environment or various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. However, economic uncertainty and any disruption in financial markets increase the possibility that actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected prospectively in the period they occur.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and money market funds at various commercial banks that have original maturities of 90 days or less. For cash and cash equivalents, cost approximates fair value. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported within the consolidated balance sheets to “Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period” as reported within the consolidated statements of cash flows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2024		2023

	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	137,090	$	233,090
Restricted cash	484		480
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	$	137,574	$	233,570

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). However, the Company has amounts held with banks that may exceed the amount of FDIC insurance provided on such accounts. Generally, the balances may be redeemed upon demand and are maintained with financial institutions of reputable credit, and, therefore, bear minimal credit risk. The Company routinely assesses the financial strength of significant customers, and this assessment, combined with the large number and geographical diversity of its customers, limits our concentration of risk with respect to receivables from contracts with customers.

Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Expected Credit Losses

Trade accounts receivable represent our unconditional rights to consideration arising from our performance under our customer contracts and are recorded at cost less an allowance for expected credit losses that are not expected to be recovered. The Company maintains allowances for credit losses resulting from the expected failure or inability of our customers to make required payments. The Company recognizes the allowance for expected credit losses at inception and reassess quarterly based on management’s expectation of the asset’s collectability. Management estimates credit losses on financial assets, including our trade accounts receivable, utilizing a current expected credit loss impairment model. The Company estimates the expected credit losses, measured over the contractual life of an asset considering relevant historical loss information, credit quality of the customer base, current economic conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions. Large individual receivables for which there is an indication of increased credit risk are individually assessed for loss allowances.

In determining the allowance for credit losses, management groups similar types of financial assets with consistent risk characteristics. Pools are determined generally based on the Company's four reportable segments, with sub-segmentation between local and national advertising customers in the Radio Broadcasting and Digital segments. The risk characteristics of the financial asset portfolios are monitored by management and reviewed periodically. The forecasts for future economic conditions are based on several factors including, but not limited to, changes in external economic forecasts and current collection rates. Our estimates of the allowance for credit losses may not be indicative of our actual credit losses requiring additional charges to be incurred to reflect the actual amount collected. Past due trade accounts receivable balances are written off against our allowance for credit losses when our internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets (Primarily Radio Broadcasting Licenses)

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets (Primarily Radio Broadcasting Licenses and TV One Trade Name)

In connection with past acquisitions, a significant amount of the purchase price was allocated to radio broadcasting licenses, goodwill, and other intangible assets. Goodwill consists of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired. Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but are tested annually for impairment at the reporting unit level and accounting unit level on October 1 of each year, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances or other conditions suggest impairment may have occurred. Impairment exists when the asset carrying values exceed their respective fair values. The excess is recorded to operations as an impairment charge. The Company tests for radio broadcasting license impairment at the accounting unit level using the income approach, which involves, but is not limited to, judgmental estimates and assumptions about market revenue and projected revenue growth by market, mature market share, operating profit margin, discount rate and terminal growth rate. In testing for goodwill impairment, the Company also relies primarily on the income approach that estimates the fair value of the reporting unit, which involves, but is not limited to, judgmental estimates and assumptions about revenue growth rates, operating profit margins, discount rate and terminal growth rate. The Company then performs a market-based analysis by comparing the estimated fair value of the reporting units with an average implied multiple arrived to the market capitalization of the Company. The Company recognizes an impairment charge to operations in the amount that the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. Any impairment charge recognized cannot exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

The Company tests the TV One Trade Name for potential impairment using the relief from royalty approach, which values a trade name by calculating the present value of royalty payments avoided given the continued use of the asset. The key assumptions used in the analysis for the trade name include cumulative probability of continued use, percentage of royalty payments avoided, projected revenue growth, terminal growth rate, and discount rate.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, excluding goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be fully recoverable. If an impairment indicator is present, the Company evaluates recoverability by comparing the carrying amount of the asset or group of assets to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or group of assets. Assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows generated by other asset groups. The Company reviewed these long-lived assets during 2024 and 2023 and concluded there were no indicators of impairment.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, the Company’s financial instruments consisted of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade accounts receivable, certificates of deposits, accounts payable and long-term debt. The carrying amounts approximated fair value for each of these financial instruments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 due to the short-term nature of these instruments, except for the Company’s long-term debt, which is disclosed in Note 15 - Long-Term Debt.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In general, spot and digital advertising is satisfied as advertising spots or as impressions are delivered. For cable television affiliate revenue, the Company grants a license to the affiliate to distribute its television programming content through the license period, and the Company recognizes revenue based on the number of subscribers each month. Finally, for event-based revenue, the Company’s events typically occur on one specified date when revenue is recognized. However, there may be performance obligations that are satisfied in the weeks leading up to the event, such as radio and digital advertising. In such instances revenue is recognized as the underlying performance obligations are satisfied based on the allocated transaction price and the pattern of delivery to the customer.

Within the Radio Broadcasting and Reach Media segments, revenues are generated from the sale of spot advertisements and sponsorships. Revenue from the sale of spot advertisements is recognized when the advertisements are run. Revenue from sponsorships is recognized as each underlying sponsorship performance obligation is satisfied. Revenue is recognized for each performance obligation based on the allocated transaction price and the pattern of transfer to the customer. The Company records as revenue the amount of consideration that it receives.

Within the Digital segment, Interactive One generates the majority of the Company’s digital revenue. The Company’s digital revenue is principally derived from advertising services on non-radio station branded but Company-owned websites. Advertising services include the sale of banner and sponsorship advertisements. As the Company runs its advertising campaigns, the customer simultaneously receives benefits as impressions are delivered, and revenue is recognized based on the pattern of delivery. The amount of revenue recognized each month is based on the number of impressions delivered multiplied by the effective per impression unit price. Interactive One’s contracts with advertisers are typically a year or less in duration and are generally billed monthly upon satisfaction of the performance obligations.

The Cable Television segment derives advertising revenue from the sale of television airtime to advertisers and revenue is recognized as the advertisements are run when the advertisements are run. In the agreements governing advertising campaigns, the Company may also promise to deliver to its customers a guaranteed minimum number of viewers or impressions on a specific television network within a particular demographic. These guaranteed advertising campaigns are considered to represent a single, distinct performance obligation. For these campaigns, revenues are recognized based on the audience levels reached multiplied by the average price per impression. The Company provides the advertiser with advertising until the guaranteed audience level is delivered, and invoiced amounts may exceed the value of the actual audience delivery. As such, a portion of revenues associated with such campaigns is deferred until the guaranteed audience level is delivered or the rights associated with the guarantees lapse, which is typically less than one year. Actual audience and delivery information is obtained from independent ratings services. TV One’s contracts with advertisers are typically a year or less in duration and are generally billed monthly. The Company also provides certain advertising services without guaranteed audience level and are billed monthly based on satisfaction of the performance obligation.

The Company’s Cable Television segment also derives revenue from affiliate fees under the terms of various multi-year affiliation agreements based on a per subscriber royalty payable by the affiliate, in exchange for the right to distribute the Company’s programming. The majority of the Company’s distribution fees are collected monthly throughout the year and distribution revenue is recognized over the term of the contracts based on contracted programming rates and reported subscriber levels. The Company applies the sales- or usage-based royalty exception for its affiliate agreements. The amount of distribution fees due to the Company is reported by distributors based on actual subscriber levels. Such information is generally not received until after the close of the reporting period. In these cases, the Company estimates the number of subscribers receiving the Company’s programming to estimate royalty revenue. Historical adjustments to recorded estimates have not been material.

Some of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. In an arrangement with multiple distinct performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated among the separate performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The stand-alone selling price is determined with consideration given to market conditions, the size and scope of the contract, customer information, and other factors.

Contract Assets and Liabilities

Unbilled receivables consist of earned revenue that has not yet been billed. Contract assets are included in trade accounts receivable, net on the consolidated balance sheets. Customer advances and unearned income represent advance payments by customers for future services under contract that are generally fulfilled in the near term. For advertising sold based on audience guarantees, audience deficiency typically results in an obligation to deliver additional advertising units to the customer, generally within one year of the campaign end date. To the extent that audience guarantees are not met, a reserve for audience deficiency is recorded until such a time that the audience guarantee has been satisfied. Unearned event income represents payments by customers for upcoming events. Contract liabilities are included in other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

The Company generally expenses employee sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses.

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less or (ii) contracts for which variable consideration is a sales-based or usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property.

Launch Support

The Cable Television segment has entered into certain affiliate agreements requiring various payments for launch support. Launch support assets are used to initiate carriage under affiliate agreements and are amortized over the term of the respective contracts. Amortization is recorded as a reduction to revenue. Launch assets are included in other intangible assets, net on the consolidated balance sheets, except for the portion of the unamortized balance that is expected to be amortized within one year which is included in other current assets.

Barter Transactions

In a barter transaction, the Company provides broadcast advertising time in exchange for programming content and certain services. The Company includes the value of such exchanges in both broadcasting net revenue and station operating expenses. The valuation of barter time is based upon the fair value of the network advertising time provided for the programming content and services received.

Advertising and Promotions

The Company expenses advertising and promotional costs as incurred. Total advertising and promotional expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, were approximately $23.4 million and $27.1 million, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes income taxes in accordance with the liability method of accounting. Deferred tax assets or liabilities are computed based upon the difference between financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in statutory tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized into income in the period of enactment. Deferred income tax expense or benefits are based upon the changes in the net deferred tax asset or liability from period to period.

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that it believes that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If management determines that the Company would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, the Company will make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes. Conversely, if management determines that the Company would not be able to realize the recorded amount of deferred tax assets in the future, the Company will make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would increase the provision for income taxes.

The Company records uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process in which (1) it determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more likely than not recognition threshold, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits on the income tax expense line in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Accrued interest and penalties are included in other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company estimates the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant. The fair value of stock options with only service conditions is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of restricted stock awards is based on the closing price of the Company's Common Stock on the date of grant. The Company amortizes the fair value of awards expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the period from the grant date to the end of the vesting period. The determination of the fair value of the Company's stock option awards is based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the Company's Common Stock price, risk-free rate, expected stock price volatility over the expected life of awards and dividend yield. The Company develops its expected term assumption by analyzing its employees’ past and expected exercise patterns for similar options for executive option grants; and applies the simplified method for non-executive option grants. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

Under the Company's annual incentive compensation plan, the Company may grant immediate or future vesting of restricted stock awards and stock options to certain employees. For these awards, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period

Fair Value Measurements

The Company reports the financial and non-financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis under the provisions of ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement” (“ASC 820”) which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

The fair value framework requires the categorization of assets and liabilities into three levels based upon the assumptions (inputs) used to price the assets or liabilities. Level 1 provides the most reliable measure of fair value, whereas Level 3 generally requires significant management judgment. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that can be accessed at the measurement date.

Level 2: Observable inputs other than those included in Level 1 (i.e., quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets).

Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting management’s own assumptions about the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability.

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value instrument. Changes in fair value measurements, if significant, may affect the Company’s performance of cash flows.

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis using Level 3 inputs. These assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances. Included in this category are goodwill, radio broadcasting licenses, TV One Trade Name and other intangible assets, net, that are written down to fair value when they are determined to be impaired, as well as content assets that are periodically written down to net realizable value.

Software and Web Development Costs

The Company capitalizes direct internal and external costs incurred to develop internal-use computer software during the application development stage. Internal-use software is amortized under the straight-line method using an estimated life of three years.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests

Redeemable non-controlling interests are interests held by third parties in the Company’s subsidiaries that are redeemable outside of the Company’s control either for cash or other assets. These interests are classified as mezzanine equity and measured at the greater of estimated redemption value at the end of each reporting period or the historical cost basis of the non-controlling interests adjusted for cumulative earnings allocations. The resulting increases or decreases in the estimated redemption amount are affected by corresponding charges against retained earnings, or in the absence of retained earnings, additional paid-in-capital.

Content Assets

The Company’s Cable Television segment has entered into contracts to license entertainment programming rights and programs from distributors and producers. The license periods granted in these contracts generally run from one year to five years. Contract payments are typically made in quarterly installments over the terms of the contract period. Each contract is recorded as an asset and a liability at an amount equal to its gross contractual commitment when the license period begins, and the program is available for its first airing. The Company also has programming for which the Company has engaged third parties to develop and produce, and it owns most or all rights (commissioned programming). For programming that is predominantly monetized as part of a content group, such as the Company’s commissioned programs, capitalized costs are amortized based on an estimate of the Company’s usage and benefit from such programming. The estimates require management’s judgment and include consideration of factors such as expected revenues to be derived from the programming, the expected number of future airings, among other factors. The Company’s acquired programs’ capitalized costs are amortized based on projected usage, generally resulting in an amortization pattern that is the greater of straight-line over the contract term or projected usage.

The Company utilizes judgment to determine the amortization patterns of the Company’s content assets. Key assumptions include the categorization of content based on shared characteristics and the use of a quantitative model to predict revenue. For grouping of assets with similar characteristics, which the Company defines as genre, this model takes into account projected viewership which is based on (i) estimated household universe; (ii) ratings; and (iii) expected number of airings across different broadcast time slots.

As part of the Company's assessment of its amortization rates, the Company compares the estimated amortization rates to those that have been utilized during the year. Management regularly reviews, and revises, when necessary, its total revenue estimates, which may result in a change in the rate of amortization and/or a write down of the asset to fair value. Based on the expected pattern of benefit from the content, the Company applies either an accelerated method or a straight-line amortization method over the estimated useful lives of generally one to five years.

Content that is predominantly monetized within a film group is assessed for impairment at the film group level and is tested for impairment if circumstances indicate that the fair value of the content within the film group is less than its unamortized costs. The Company evaluates the fair value of content at the film group level by considering expected future revenue generation using a cash flow analysis when an event or change in circumstances indicates a change in the expected usefulness of the content or that the fair value may be less than unamortized costs. Estimates of future revenues consider historical airing patterns and future plans for airing content, including any changes in strategy. Given the judgments involved, actual demand or market conditions may be less favorable than those projected, requiring a write-down to fair value. The Company determined there were no impairment indicators during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Impairment and amortization of content assets are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations as programming and technical expenses. All commissioned and licensed content is classified as a long-term asset, except for the portion of the unamortized content balance that is expected to be amortized within one year of the consolidated balance sheet date which is classified as a current asset.

Tax incentives offered by state governments are measured based on production activities and are recorded as a reduction to capitalized production costs within the commissioned programming content assets.

Leases

The Company’s operating leases are for office space, studio space, broadcast towers, and transmitter facilities. The Company determines whether a contract is, or contains, a lease at inception. In determining whether a contract is or contains a lease, the Company considers all relevant facts and circumstances, including whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The determination involves judgment with respect to whether the Company has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the identified asset and whether the Company has the right to direct the use of the identified asset.

Right of use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset during the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets are initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred less any lease incentives received. Costs associated with operating lease assets are recognized on a straight-line basis within operating expenses over the term of the lease.

Lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. Many of the Company’s leases provide options to extend the terms of the agreements. Generally, renewal periods are excluded when calculating the lease liabilities as the Company does not consider the exercise of such options to be reasonably certain. When exercise of a renewal option is reasonably assured, the optional terms and related payments are included within lease liability calculation. The implicit rate within the Company’s lease agreements is generally not determinable and, as such, the Company’s estimated collateralized incremental borrowing rate is used.

Certain operating lease agreements include lease payments that are adjusted periodically based on an index and a rate, such as the Consumer Price Index or a market rental rate. The Company recognizes the effect of the changes in rates and indices in the appropriate period which is accounted for as a component of straight-line lease expense.

For leases with an initial term of twelve months or less, the Company elected the exemption from recording ROU assets and lease liabilities and recognizes lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has elected to combine lease and non-lease components for the purpose of calculating ROU assets and lease liabilities, to the extent that the non-lease components are fixed.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standard Update (ASU) No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”, which requires enhanced disclosures related to reportable segments that includes, among other disclosures, identifying significant segment expenses on an annual and interim basis. The standard was adopted by the Company in the fourth quarter of 2024 and was applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. See Note 20 - Segment Information for further information.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”, which enhances the disclosure requirements for income tax reconciliation, domestic and foreign taxes paid, and unrecognized tax benefits. The amendments of ASU No. 2023-09 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, and should be applied prospectively. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of this new guidance on the disclosures within its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, "Income Statement (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses", which focuses on the disaggregation of income statement expenses. ASU No. 2024-03 requires entities to provide more detailed disclosures about certain significant expense categories in their financial statements. The amendments of ASU 2024-03 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted and the amendments may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of this new guidance on the disclosures within its consolidated financial statements.

Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") attributable to common stockholders are presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities: Class A, Class B, Class C, and Class D common stock. The rights of the holders of Class A, Class B, Class C, and Class D common stock are identical, except with respect to voting, conversion, and transfer rights.

Basic net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

For the calculation of diluted earnings per share, net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders for EPS is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities. Diluted net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, including all potentially dilutive common shares. In periods of loss, there are no potentially dilutive common shares to add to the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. The undistributed earnings or losses are allocated based on the contractual participation rights of Class A, Class B, Class C and Class D common shares as if the earnings or losses for the year have been distributed. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, the undistributed earnings or losses are allocated on a proportionate basis, and as such, diluted and basic earnings per share are the same for each class of common stock under the two-class method.