Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The core principle of the new revenue standard is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The following five steps are applied to achieve that core principle:


•	Step 1: Identify the contract with the customer


•	Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract


•	Step 3: Determine the transaction price


•	Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract


•	Step 5: Recognize revenue when the company satisfies a performance obligation

Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by us from a customer, are excluded from revenue.

Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight related to contracts with customers are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of sales when control of the goods transfers to the customer.

Nature of goods and services

The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue.

Product sales –The Company accounts for individual products and services separately if they are distinct (i.e., if a product or service is separately identifiable from other items and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer). The consideration, including any discounts, is allocated between separate products and services based on their stand-alone selling prices. The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the cost plus margin approach.

Drug and dialysis concentrate products are sold directly to dialysis clinics and to wholesale distributors in both domestic and international markets. Distribution and license agreements for which upfront fees are received are evaluated upon execution or modification of the agreement to determine if the agreement creates a separate performance obligation from the underlying product sales. For all existing distribution and license agreements, the distribution and license agreement is not a distinct performance obligation from the product sales. In instances where regulatory approval of the product has not been established and the Company does not have sufficient experience with the foreign regulatory body to conclude that regulatory approval is probable, the revenue for the performance obligation is recognized over the term of the license agreement (over time recognition). Conversely, when regulatory approval already exists or is probable, revenue is recognized at the point in time that control of the product transfers to the customer.

The Company received upfront fees under three distribution and license agreements that have been deferred as a contract liability. The amounts received from Wanbang Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (“Wanbang”) and Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. ("Sun Pharma") are recognized as revenue over the estimated term of the applicable distribution and license agreement as regulatory approval was not received and the Company did not have sufficient experience in China and India, respectively, to determine that regulatory approval was probable as of the execution of the agreement. The amounts received from Baxter Healthcare Corporation (“Baxter”), are recognized as revenue at the point in time that the estimated product sales under the agreement occur.

For the business under the Company’s distribution agreement with Baxter (the “Baxter Agreement”), and for the majority of the Company’s international customers, the Company recognizes revenue at the shipping point, which is generally the Company’s plant or warehouse. For other business, the Company recognizes revenue based on when the customer takes control or receipt of the product. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the purchase order less returns and adjusted for any rebates, discounts, chargebacks or other amounts paid to customers. There were no such adjustments for the periods reported. Customers typically pay for the product based on customary business practices with payment terms averaging 30 days, while distributor payment terms average 45 days.

Disaggregation of revenue

Revenue is disaggregated by primary geographical market, major product line, and timing of revenue recognition.



In thousands of US dollars ($)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Products By Geographic Area	Total		U.S.		Rest of World
Drug Revenues
Product Sales – Point-in-time	$	199	$	199	$	—
License Fee – Over time	56		—		56
Total Drug Products	255		199		56
Concentrate Products
Product Sales – Point-in-time	15,112		13,506		1,606
License Fee – Over time	490		490		—
Total Concentrate Products	15,602		13,996		1,606
Net Revenue	$	15,857	$	14,195	$	1,662



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Products By Geographic Area	Total		U.S.		Rest of World
Drug Revenues
License Fee – Over time	$	68	$	—	68
Total Drug Products	68		—		68
Concentrate Products
Product Sales – Point-in-time	14,996		12,923		2,073
License Fee – Over time	495		495		—
Total Concentrate Products	15,491		13,418		2,073
Net Revenue	$	15,559	$	13,418	$	2,141

Contract balances

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.



In thousands of US dollars ($)	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Receivables, which are included in "Trade and other receivables"	$	4,587	$	4,203
Contract liabilities	$	11,630	$	12,076

There were no impairment losses recognized related to any receivables arising from the Company’s contracts with customers for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, the Company did not recognize material bad-debt expense. There were no material contract assets recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Company does not generally accept returns of its concentrate products and no reserve for returns of concentrate products was established as of March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019.

The contract liabilities primarily relate to upfront payments and consideration received from customers that are received in advance of the customer assuming control of the related products

Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, revenue recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods was not material.

Revenue expected to be recognized in any future year related to remaining performance obligations, excluding revenue pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less, contracts where revenue is recognized as invoiced and contracts with variable consideration related to undelivered performance obligations, totaled $11.6 million as of March 31, 2020. The amount relates primarily to upfront payments and consideration received from customers that are received in advance of the customer assuming control of the related products. The Company applies the practical expedient in paragraph 606-10-50-14 and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less. The Baxter Agreement includes minimum commitments of product sales over the duration of the agreement. Unfulfilled performance obligations related to the Baxter Agreement are product sales of $8.6 million, which will be amortized through expiration of the Baxter Agreement on October 2, 2024.