4. Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The core principle of the new revenue standard is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The following five steps are applied to achieve that core principle:

Step 1: Identify the contract with the customer

Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract

Step 3: Determine the transaction price

Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

Step 5: Recognize revenue when the company satisfies a performance obligation

Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by us from a customer, are excluded from revenue.

Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight related to contracts with customers are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of sales when control of the goods transfers to the customer.

Nature of goods and services

The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue.

Product sales –The Company accounts for individual products and services separately if they are distinct (i.e., if a product or service is separately identifiable from other items and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer). The consideration, including any discounts, is allocated between separate products and services based on their stand-alone selling prices. The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the cost plus margin approach.

Drug and dialysis concentrate products are sold directly to dialysis clinics and to wholesale distributors in both domestic and international markets. Distribution and license agreements for which upfront fees are received are evaluated upon execution or modification of the agreement to determine if the agreement creates a separate performance obligation from the underlying product sales. For all existing distribution and license agreements, the distribution and license agreement is not a distinct performance obligation from the product sales. In instances where regulatory approval of the product has not been established and the Company does not have sufficient experience with the foreign regulatory body to conclude that regulatory approval is probable, the revenue for the performance obligation is recognized over the term of the license agreement (over time recognition). Conversely, when regulatory approval already exists or is probable, revenue is recognized at the point in time that control of the product transfers to the customer.

The Company received upfront fees under two distribution and license agreements that have been deferred as a contract liability. The amounts received from Wanbang Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (“Wanbang”) are recognized as revenue over the estimated term of the distribution and license agreement as regulatory approval was not received and the Company did not have sufficient experience in China to determine that regulatory approval was probable as of the execution of the agreement. The amounts received from Baxter Healthcare Corporation (“Baxter”), are recognized as revenue at the point in time that the estimated product sales under the agreement occur.

For the majority of the Company’s international customers, the Company recognizes revenue at the shipping point, which is generally the Company’s plant or warehouse. For other business, including the business under the Company’s distribution agreement with Baxter (the “Baxter Agreement”), the Company recognizes revenue based on when the customer takes control or receipt of the product. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the purchase order less returns and adjusted for any rebates, discounts, chargebacks or other amounts paid to customers. There were no such adjustments for the periods reported. Customers typically pay for the product based on customary business practices with payment terms averaging 30 days, while distributor payment terms average 45 days.

Disaggregation of revenue

Revenue is disaggregated by primary geographical market, major product line, and timing of revenue recognition.


In thousands of US dollars ($)		Three Months Ended September 30, 2019						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Products By Geographic Area	Total		U.S.		Rest of World		Total		U.S.		Rest of World
Drug Revenues
Product Sales – Point-in-time	$	98	$	98	$	-	$	112	$	112	$	-
License Fee – Over time		68		-		68		205		-		205
Total Drug Products		166		98		68		317		112		205
Concentrate Products
Product Sales – Point-in-time		14,746		13,353		1,393		44,010		39,100		4,910
License Fee – Over time		495		495		-		1,485		1,485		-
Total Concentrate Products		15,241		13,848		1,393		45,495		40,585		4,910
Net Revenue	$	15,407	$	13,946	$	1,461	$	45,812	$	40,697	$	5,115

		Three Months Ended September 30, 2018						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Products By Geographic Area		Total		U.S.		Rest of World		Total		U.S.		Rest of World
Drug Revenues
License Fee – Over time	$	68		-	$	68	$	205		-	$	205
Concentrate Products
Product Sales – Point-in-time		16,099		13,208		2,891		44,815		38,536		6,279
License Fee – Over time		505		505		-		1,514		1,514		-
Total Concentrate Products		16,604		13,713		2,891		46,329		40,050		6,279
Net Revenue	$	16,672	$	13,713	$	2,959	$	46,534	$	40,050	$	6,484

Contract balances

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.


In thousands of US dollars ($)	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Receivables, which are included in "Trade and other receivables"	$	5,122	$	6,980
Contract liabilities	$	12,640	$	14,329

There were no impairment losses recognized related to any receivables arising from the Company’s contracts with customers for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, the Company did not recognize material bad-debt expense and there were no material contract assets recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Company does not generally accept returns of its concentrate products and no reserve for returns of concentrate products was established as of September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

The contract liabilities primarily relate to upfront payments and consideration received from customers that are received in advance of the customer assuming control of the related products.

Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, revenue recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods was not material.

Revenue expected to be recognized in any future year related to remaining performance obligations, excluding revenue pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less, contracts where revenue is recognized as invoiced and contracts with variable consideration related to undelivered performance obligations, totaled $10.4 million as of September 30, 2019. The amount relates primarily to upfront payments and consideration received from customers that are received in advance of the customer assuming control of the related products. The Company applies the practical expedient in paragraph 606-10-50-14 and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less. The Baxter Agreement includes minimum commitments of product sales over the duration of the agreement. Unfulfilled performance obligations related to the Baxter Agreement are product sales of $9.6 million, which will be amortized through expiration of the agreement on October 2, 2024.