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Financial Instruments: Derivatives and Hedging
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Financial Instruments: Derivatives and Hedging Financial Instruments: Derivatives and Hedging
In the normal course of business, we use a variety of commonly used derivative instruments, including, but not limited to, interest rate swaps, caps, collars and floors, to manage, or hedge interest rate risk. We hedge our exposure to variability in future cash flows for forecasted transactions in addition to anticipated future interest payments on existing debt. We recognize all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives that are not hedges are adjusted to fair value through earnings. If a derivative is a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative will either be offset against the change in fair value of the hedge asset, liability, or firm commitment through earnings, or recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. Reported net income and equity may increase or decrease prospectively, depending on future levels of interest rates and other variables affecting the fair values of derivative instruments and hedged items, but will have no effect on cash flows. Currently, all of our designated derivative instruments are effective hedging instruments.
The following table summarizes the notional value at inception and fair value of our consolidated derivative financial instruments as of March 31, 2024 based on Level 2 information. The notional value is an indication of the extent of our involvement in these instruments at that time, but does not represent exposure to credit, interest rate or market risks (dollars in thousands).
Notional
Value		Strike
Rate		Effective
Date		Expiration
Date		Balance Sheet LocationFair
Value
Interest Rate Cap370,000 3.250 %June 2023June 2024Other Assets$1,565 
Interest Rate Cap370,000 3.250 %June 2023June 2024Other Liabilities(1,562)
Interest Rate Cap220,000 4.000 %February 2024February 2025Other Assets1,789 
Interest Rate Swap150,000 2.621 %December 2021January 2026Other Assets4,915 
Interest Rate Swap200,000 2.662 %December 2021January 2026Other Assets6,417 
Interest Rate Swap100,000 2.903 %February 2023February 2027Other Assets3,528 
Interest Rate Swap100,000 2.733 %February 2023February 2027Other Assets3,983 
Interest Rate Swap50,000 2.463 %February 2023February 2027Other Assets2,354 
Interest Rate Swap200,000 2.591 %February 2023February 2027Other Assets8,730 
Interest Rate Swap300,000 2.866 %July 2023May 2027Other Assets11,314 
Interest Rate Swap150,000 3.524 %January 2024May 2027Other Assets2,794 
Interest Rate Swap370,000 3.888 %November 2022June 2027Other Assets2,879 
Interest Rate Swap (1)
300,000 4.487 %November 2024November 2027Other Liabilities(5,113)
Interest Rate Swap100,000 3.756 %January 2023January 2028Other Assets1,120 
Interest Rate Swap204,963 3.915 %February 2025May 2028Other Liabilities(1,079)
$43,634 
(1) Quarterly changes in fair value recognized in the calculation of FFO.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recorded a gain of $5.2 million based on the changes in the fair value of a forward-starting interest rate swap, which is included in Purchase price and other fair value adjustments in the consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded a gain of $0.2 million based on the changes in the fair value of an interest rate cap we sold, which is included in Purchase price and other fair value adjustments in the consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recorded a loss of less than $0.1 million on the changes in fair value, which is included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded a loss of $0.1 million on the changes in fair value, which is included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations.
Certain agreements the Company has with each of its derivative counterparties contain a provision where if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. As of March 31, 2024, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, including accrued interest but excluding any adjustment for nonperformance risk related to these agreements, was ($8.1 million). As of March 31, 2024, the Company was not required to post any collateral related to these agreements and was not in breach of any agreement provisions. If the Company had breached any of these provisions, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their aggregate termination value of $8.5 million as of March 31, 2024.
Gains and losses on terminated hedges are included in accumulated other comprehensive income, and are recognized into earnings over the term of the related obligation. Over time, the realized and unrealized gains and losses held in accumulated other comprehensive income will be reclassified into earnings as an adjustment to interest expense in the same periods in which the hedged interest payments affect earnings. We estimate that ($32.8 million) of the current balance held in accumulated other comprehensive income will be reclassified into interest expense and ($7.3 million) of the portion related to our share of joint venture accumulated other comprehensive income will be reclassified into equity in net loss from unconsolidated joint ventures within the next 12 months.
The following table presents the effect of our derivative financial instruments and our share of our joint ventures' derivative financial instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments on the consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively (in thousands):
 Amount of Gain Recognized in
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Location of Gain Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into IncomeAmount of Gain Reclassified from
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income into Income
Three Months Ended March 31,Three Months Ended March 31,
Derivative2024202320242023
Interest Rate Swaps/Caps$31,156 $(17,913)Interest expense$9,763 $9,023 
Share of unconsolidated joint ventures' derivative instruments5,705 (1,495)Equity in net loss from unconsolidated joint ventures3,884 2,628 
$36,861 $(19,408)$13,647 $11,651 
The following table summarizes the notional value at inception and fair value of our joint ventures' derivative financial instruments as of March 31, 2024 based on Level 2 information. The notional value is an indication of the extent of our involvement in these instruments at that time, but does not represent exposure to credit, interest rate or market risks (dollars in thousands).
Notional
Value		Strike
Rate		Effective
Date		Expiration
Date		ClassificationFair
Value
Interest Rate Cap$501,650 0.490 %February 2022May 2024Asset$2,560 
Interest Rate Cap501,650 0.490 %February 2022May 2024Asset2,560 
Interest Rate Cap505,412 3.000 %June 2023June 2024Asset2,490 
Interest Rate Cap273,616 4.000 %August 2023August 2024Asset1,212 
Interest Rate Cap514,897 3.500 %September 2023September 2024Asset4,118 
Interest Rate Cap278,161 4.000 %May 2024November 2024Asset1,624 
Interest Rate Cap278,161 4.000 %May 2024November 2024Asset1,624 
Interest Rate Swap250,000 3.608 %April 2023February 2026Asset4,070 
Interest Rate Swap250,000 3.608 %April 2023February 2026Asset4,069 
Interest Rate Swap177,000 1.555 %December 2022February 2026Asset9,459 
$33,786