10-Q 1 b87822e10vq.htm FORM 10-Q e10vq
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
Form 10-Q
     
þ   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2011
or
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from            to
Commission file number: 001-13417
Walter Investment Management Corp.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Maryland   13-3950486
(State or other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
3000 Bayport Drive, Suite 1100
Tampa, FL 33607
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(813) 421-7600
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
             
Large accelerated filer o   Accelerated filer þ   Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)   Smaller reporting company o
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
The registrant had 27,654,797 shares of common stock outstanding as of October 31, 2011.
 
 


 

WALTER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CORP.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
         
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 EX-10.1
 EX-10.2
 EX-10.3
 EX-10.4
 EX-31.1
 EX-31.2
 EX-32
 EX-101 INSTANCE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 SCHEMA DOCUMENT
 EX-101 CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
 EX-101 DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT

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PART 1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
WALTER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
    (Unaudited)          
ASSETS
               
 
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 36,171     $ 114,352  
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
    259,278       52,289  
Residential loans (includes $696,245 and $0 at fair value)
    2,325,951       1,637,392  
Allowance for loan losses
    (13,296 )     (15,907 )
 
           
Residential loans, net
    2,312,655       1,621,485  
Receivables, net (includes $80,565 and $0 at fair value)
    231,921       3,426  
Servicer and protective advances, net
    135,730       10,440  
Servicing rights, net
    264,341        
Goodwill
    468,163        
Intangible assets, net
    136,191        
Premises and equipment, net
    133,005       2,286  
Deferred tax asset, net
          221  
Other assets
    119,434       90,991  
 
           
Total assets
  $ 4,096,889     $ 1,895,490  
 
           
 
               
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities (includes $23,699 and $0 at fair value)
  $ 224,229     $ 41,762  
Dividends payable
    6,200       13,431  
Servicing advance liabilities
    105,740       3,254  
Debt
    774,285        
Mortgage-backed debt (includes $830,488 and $0 at fair value)
    2,268,366       1,281,555  
Servicer payables
    137,644        
Deferred tax liability, net
    49,934        
 
           
Total liabilities
    3,566,398       1,340,002  
 
           
 
               
Commitments and contingencies (Note 21)
               
 
               
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share:
               
Authorized - 10,000,000 shares
               
Issued and outstanding - 0 shares at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010
           
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share:
               
Authorized - 90,000,000 shares
               
Issued and outstanding - 27,650,118 and 25,785,693 shares at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively
    277       258  
Additional paid-in capital
    170,661       127,143  
Retained earnings
    358,969       426,836  
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    584       1,251  
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity
    530,491       555,488  
 
           
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 4,096,889     $ 1,895,490  
 
           
The following table presents the assets and liabilities of the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities, or securitization trusts or VIEs, which are included in the consolidated balance sheets above. The assets in the table below include those assets that can only be used to settle obligations of the consolidated securitization trusts. The liabilities in the table below include third-party liabilities of the consolidated securitization trusts only, and for which creditors or beneficial interest holders do not have recourse to the Company, and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
    (Unaudited)          
ASSETS OF THE CONSOLIDATED SECURITIZATION TRUSTS THAT CAN ONLY BE USED TO SETTLE THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE CONSOLIDATED SECURITIZATION TRUSTS:                
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
  $ 59,374     $ 42,859  
Residential loans (includes $696,245 and $0 at fair value)
    2,316,686       1,543,047  
Allowance for loan losses
    (13,178 )     (15,217 )
 
           
Residential loans, net
    2,303,508       1,527,830  
Receivables, net (includes $80,565 and $0 at fair value)
    80,565        
Other assets
    60,478       57,658  
 
           
Total assets
  $ 2,503,925     $ 1,628,347  
 
           
 
               
LIABILITIES OF THE CONSOLIDATED SECURITIZATION TRUSTS FOR WHICH CREDITORS OR BENEFICIAL INTEREST HOLDERS DO NOT HAVE RECOURSE TO THE COMPANY:                
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities
  $ 10,696     $ 8,593  
Mortgage-backed debt (includes $830,488 and $0 at fair value)
    2,268,366       1,281,555  
 
           
Total liabilities
  $ 2,279,062     $ 1,290,148  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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WALTER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
                                 
    For the Three Months Ended     For the Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
    2011     2010     2011     2010  
REVENUES
                               
Servicing revenue and fees
  $ 88,012     $     $ 94,259     $  
Interest income on loans
    41,239       41,307       124,623       124,817  
Insurance revenue
    16,954       1,778       21,123       6,636  
Other income
    4,935       437       6,123       2,213  
 
                       
Total revenues
    151,140       43,522       246,128       133,666  
 
                               
EXPENSES
                               
Interest expense
    47,336       20,176       89,389       61,871  
Provision for loan losses
    1,865       1,377       3,365       4,541  
Salaries and benefits
    49,404       5,708       67,128       18,547  
Depreciation and amortization
    26,042       59       26,402       243  
General and administrative
    23,227       5,002       47,561       14,673  
Other expenses, net
    4,826       2,882       13,775       8,282  
 
                       
Total expenses
    152,700       35,204       247,620       108,157  
 
                               
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
                               
Net fair value losses
    (1,404 )           (1,404 )      
Other
          1,680       95       1,680  
 
                       
Other income (expense)
    (1,404 )     1,680       (1,309 )     1,680  
 
                               
Income (loss) before income taxes
    (2,964 )     9,998       (2,801 )     27,189  
Income tax expense
    58,798       312       58,866       828  
 
                       
Net income (loss)
  $ (61,762 )   $ 9,686     $ (61,667 )   $ 26,361  
 
                       
 
                               
Basic earnings (loss) per common and common equivalent share
  $ (2.17 )   $ 0.36     $ (2.26 )   $ 0.98  
Diluted earnings (loss) per common and common equivalent share
    (2.17 )     0.36       (2.26 )     0.98  
Total dividends declared per common and common equivalent share
    0.22       0.50       0.22       1.00  
 
                               
Weighted-average common and common equivalent shares outstanding — basic
    28,490,886       26,474,001       27,251,361       26,411,018  
Weighted-average common and common equivalent shares outstanding — diluted
    28,490,886       26,569,897       27,251,361       26,492,850  
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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WALTER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except share data)
                                                         
                                                    Accumulated  
                            Additional                     Other  
            Common Stock     Paid-In     Comprehensive     Retained     Comprehensive  
    Total     Shares     Amount     Capital     Loss     Earnings     Income (Loss)  
Balance at December 31, 2010
  $ 555,488       25,785,693     $ 258     $ 127,143             $ 426,836     $ 1,251  
 
Comprehensive loss
                                                       
Net loss
    (61,667 )                           $ (61,667 )     (61,667 )        
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
                                                       
Change in postretirement plans, net of $35 tax effect
    (401 )                             (401 )             (401 )
Net unrealized gain on other assets, net of $94 tax effect
    (55 )                             (55 )             (55 )
Net amortization of realized gain on closed hedges, net of $89 tax effect
    (211 )                             (211 )             (211 )
 
                                                     
Comprehensive loss
                                  $ (62,334 )                
 
 
                                                     
Dividends declared
    (6,200 )                                     (6,200 )        
Share-based compensation
    2,896                       2,896                          
Excess tax benefit on share-based compensation
    321                       321                          
Shares issued upon exercise of stock options and vesting of RSUs
    100       51,893       1       99                          
Shares issued for acquisition
    40,220       1,812,532       18       40,202                          
 
 
                                           
Balance at September 30, 2011
  $ 530,491       27,650,118     $ 277     $ 170,661             $ 358,969     $ 584  
 
                                           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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WALTER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(in thousands)
                 
    For the Nine Months  
    Ended September 30,  
    2011     2010  
Operating activities
               
Net income (loss)
  $ (61,667 )   $ 26,361  
 
               
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities
               
Amortization of servicing rights
    14,611        
Net fair value losses
    1,404        
Amortization of residential loan discounts
    (10,461 )     (10,209 )
Amortization of discounts on debt and deferred debt issuance costs
    3,309       796  
Provision for loan losses
    1,599       3,233  
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment and intangibles
    11,791       243  
Gain on mortgage-backed debt extinguishment
    (95 )     (1,680 )
Change in contingent earn-out payment liability
    (338 )      
Losses (gains) on real estate owned, net
    2,009       (1,985 )
Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes
    45,631       (35 )
Share-based compensation
    2,896       2,936  
Other
    3,377       (363 )
 
               
Decrease (increase) in assets
               
Receivables
    (6,639 )     290  
Servicer and protective advances
    9,399        
Other
    (2,562 )     379  
 
               
Increase (decrease) in liabilities
               
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities
    60,871       (121 )
 
           
Cash flows provided by operating activities
    75,135       19,845  
 
           
 
               
Investing activities
               
Purchases of residential loans
    (45,582 )     (40,740 )
Principal payments received on residential loans
    90,232       77,072  
Payments on receivables related to Non-Residual Trusts
    4,034        
Cash proceeds from sales of real estate owned, net
    2,153       3,430  
Purchases of premises and equipment
    (2,972 )     (131 )
Disposals of premises and equipment
          491  
(Increase) decrease in restricted cash and cash equivalents
    (51,308 )     2,587  
Payment for acquisition, net of cash acquired
    (990,594 )      
Other
    (198 )      
 
           
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities
    (994,235 )     42,709  
 
           
 
               
Financing activities
               
Issuance of debt
    748,150        
Payments on debt
    (2,618 )      
Net change in Revolver
    13,000        
Net change in servicing advance liabilities
    (8,375 )      
Issuance of mortgage-backed debt
    223,065        
Payments on mortgage-backed debt
    (87,480 )     (62,179 )
Mortgage-backed debt extinguishment
    (1,338 )     (19,870 )
Dividends and dividend equivalents paid
    (13,431 )     (40,061 )
Shares issued upon exercise of stock options
    100       733  
Repurchase and cancellation of common stock
          (264 )
Debt issuance costs paid
    (30,475 )      
Excess tax benefits on share-based compensation
    321        
 
           
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities
    840,919       (121,641 )
 
           
 
               
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
    (78,181 )     (59,087 )
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period
    114,352       99,286  
 
           
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period
  $ 36,171     $ 40,199  
 
           
 
               
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
               
Real estate owned acquired through foreclosure
  $ 45,802     $ 59,613  
Residential loans originated to finance the sale of real estate owned
    57,284       57,270  
Issuance of common stock for acquisition
    40,220        
Dividend declaration
    6,200        
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

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WALTER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CORP. AND SUBSIDARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Business and Basis of Presentation
Business
The Company is a mortgage servicer and mortgage portfolio owner specializing in credit-challenged, non-conforming residential loans in the United States, or U.S. The Company also operates a property and casualty insurance agency and reinsurer serving residential loan customers.
The Company’s business, headquartered in Tampa, Florida, was established in 1958 as the financing segment of Walter Energy, Inc., or Walter Energy. Throughout the Company’s history, it purchased residential loans originated by Walter Energy’s homebuilding affiliate, Jim Walter Homes, Inc., originated and purchased residential loans on its own behalf, and serviced these residential loans to maturity. The Company has continued these servicing activities since spinning off from Walter Energy in 2009. Over the past 50 years, the Company has developed significant expertise in servicing credit-challenged accounts through its differentiated high-touch approach which involves significant face-to-face borrower contact by trained servicing personnel strategically located in the markets where its borrowers reside. In November 2010, the Company acquired Marix Servicing, LLC, or Marix, a high-touch specialty mortgage servicer based in Phoenix, Arizona.
On March 28, 2011, the Company executed a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding ownership interests of GTCS Holdings, LLC, or Green Tree. The acquisition of Green Tree closed on July 1, 2011. Green Tree, based in St. Paul, Minnesota, is a fee-based business services company providing high-touch, third-party servicing of credit-sensitive consumer loans, including residential mortgages, manufactured housing and consumer installment loans. A substantial portion of its servicing portfolio consists of residential mortgage loans serviced for a government-sponsored enterprise, a large commercial bank and various securitization trusts. Green Tree also acts as a nationwide agent primarily of property and casualty homeowners’ insurance products for both lender-placed and voluntary insurance coverage. Through the acquisition of Green Tree, the Company has increased its ability to provide specialty servicing and generate recurring fee-for-services revenues from a capital-light platform and has diversified its revenue streams from complementary businesses. As a result of the acquisition, the Company no longer qualifies as a Real Estate Investment Trust, or REIT. As a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, the financial results for Green Tree have been included in the consolidated financial statements beginning on July 1, 2011. Refer to Note 3 for further information regarding the acquisition of Green Tree.
At September 30, 2011, the Company serviced approximately 910,000 loans as compared to approximately 39,500 loans at December 31, 2010.
Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “residential loans” refer to residential mortgage loans and residential retail installment agreements, which include manufactured housing loans, and references to “borrowers” refer to borrowers under our residential mortgage loans and installment obligors under our residential retail installment agreements.
Basis of Presentation
     Interim Financial Reporting
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., or GAAP, for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and related notes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2011. These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 and the Company’s unaudited pro-forma financial statements included in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 29, 2011.
     Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s material estimates and assumptions primarily arise from risks and uncertainties associated with interest rate volatility, prepayment volatility and credit exposure and relate, but are not limited to, the allowance for loan losses, valuation of residential loans, receivables, servicing rights, goodwill and intangibles, real estate owned, and mortgage-backed debt. Although management is not currently aware of any factors that would significantly change its estimates and assumptions in the near term, actual results may differ from these estimates.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Included in Note 2 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 is a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies. Provided below is a summary of additional accounting policies that are significant to the financial results of the Company as a result of the acquisition of Green Tree.
Residential Loans and Revenue Recognition
The Company’s historical residential loans are carried at amortized cost. With the acquisition of Green Tree, the Company recorded on its balance sheet residential loans associated with the consolidation of ten securitization trusts serviced by Green Tree which serve as collateral for mortgage-backed debt. The Company refers to these ten securitizations as the Non-Residual Trusts. The Company elected to carry these Green Tree residential loans at fair value. The yield on the loans, along with any change in fair value, are recorded in net fair value losses in the consolidated statements of operations.

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Receivables Related to Non-Residual Trusts
Receivables related to Non-Residual Trusts, which are recorded in receivables, net, consist of expected draws on letters of credit, or LOCs, from a third party, related to the Non-Residual Trusts. The LOCs are credit enhancements to these securitizations. The cash flows from the LOC draws are paid directly to the underlying securitization trusts and are used to pay debt holders of these securitizations for shortfalls in principal and interest collections on the loans in the securitizations. The Company elected to carry these receivables at fair value. Changes in fair value are recorded in net fair value losses in the consolidated statements of operations.
Servicing
     Servicing Rights
Servicing rights are an intangible asset representing the right to service a portfolio of loans. Capitalized servicing rights relate to Green Tree servicing and sub-servicing contracts in place at the date of the Green Tree acquisition. Additionally, the Company may acquire the rights to service loans through the purchase of such rights from third parties. All newly acquired servicing rights are initially measured at fair value and subsequently amortized based on expected cash flows in proportion to and over the life of net servicing income. Amortization is recorded in depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statements of operations. Servicing rights are stratified by product type and compared to estimated fair value on a quarterly basis. To the extent that the carrying value for a strata exceeds its estimated fair value, a valuation allowance is established with an impairment loss recognized in other expenses, net.
     Servicing Revenue and Fees
Servicing revenue and fees includes contractual servicing fees based on a percentage of the unpaid principal balance of the related collateral, incentive and performance fees, and ancillary income. Ancillary income includes late fees, prepayment fees and collection fees. Contractual servicing fees are accrued when earned and ancillary income is recognized generally upon collection. Incentive and performance fees include fees based on the performance of specific portfolios or loans and modification fees. Incentive and performance fees are recognized based on the terms of the various servicing and incentive agreements. Certain incentive fees are recognized when known.
     Servicer and Protective Advances
In the ordinary course of servicing residential loans and pursuant to certain servicing agreements, the Company routinely advances the principal and interest portion of delinquent mortgage payments to investors prior to the collection of such from borrowers, provided that the Company determines these advances are recoverable from either the borrower or the liquidation of collateral. In addition, the Company is required under certain servicing contracts to ensure that property taxes and insurance premiums are paid and to process foreclosures. Generally, the Company recovers such advances from borrowers for reinstated or performing loans, from proceeds of liquidation of collateral, or from investors. Certain of the Company’s servicing agreements provide that repayment of servicing advances made under the respective agreements have a priority over all other cash payments to be made from the proceeds of the residential loan, and in certain cases the proceeds of the pool of residential loans, which are the subject of that servicing agreement. As a result, the Company is entitled to repayment from loan proceeds before any interest or principal is paid to the bondholders, and in certain cases, advances in excess of loan proceeds may be recovered from pool level proceeds. These assets are carried at cost, net of estimated losses. Estimated losses related to advances are recorded in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
     Custodial Accounts
In connection with its servicing activities, the Company has a fiduciary responsibility for amounts related to borrower escrow funds and other custodial funds due to investors aggregating $226.2 million and $24.0 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. These funds are maintained in segregated bank accounts, which do not represent assets and liabilities of the Company, and accordingly, are not reflected in the consolidated balance sheets.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration paid for an acquired entity over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually or whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable from future cash flows. The Company determines whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying amount. If the fair value is more likely than not lower than the carrying value, the Company then evaluates recoverability of goodwill by comparing the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to its estimated net carrying value including goodwill.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are associated with customer relationships and relate to the asset receivables management business and the insurance and servicing businesses, as well as institutional relationships. The intangible assets associated with asset receivables management and the insurance and servicing businesses are being amortized using an economic consumption method over the related expected useful lives. The intangible asset related to institutional relationships is being amortized on a straight-line basis over two and a half years. Intangible assets subject to amortization are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
Premises and Equipment, Net
Premises and equipment, net is comprised of furniture, fixtures, office equipment, leasehold improvements, and computer software and hardware and is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the remaining term of the lease or the useful life of the leased asset.

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Insurance Operations
The Company recognizes commission income for the insurance agency business on policies written when the policy is sold to the customer, net of an estimate of future policy cancellations. The commissions are based on a contractual percentage of the price of the insurance policy sold, which varies by type of insurance product. Insurance premiums receivable are recorded in receivables, net. Customers generally finance their insurance premiums over the life of the policy, typically one to three years. New policies issued are recorded at face value. A corresponding payable to the carrier, net of commission, is also recorded in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities at the time a new policy is written. Payments are made to the carriers on a contractual basis either up front or over time, generally over one to three years depending on the type of product. The Company analyzes the adequacy of its allowance for estimated future cancellations based on historical cancellation rates and records any required adjustments against commission income recorded in insurance revenue.
Mortgage-Backed Debt
The Company’s historical mortgage-backed debt is carried net of discounts at amortized cost. With the acquisition of Green Tree, the Company recognized mortgage-backed debt associated with the Non-Residual Trusts and elected to carry it at fair value. The change in fair value is recorded in net fair value losses in the consolidated statements of operations.
Debt
Debt is carried net of discounts at amortized cost. Deferred debt issuance costs are recorded in other assets. These costs and any original issue discount related to the debt are amortized into interest expense over the term of the debt using the interest method.
Servicer Payables
Servicer payables represent amounts due to third-party trusts and investors relating to principal and interest on residential loans serviced by the Company.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates for the periods in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the change.
Periodic reviews of the carrying amount of deferred tax assets are made to determine if the establishment of a valuation allowance is necessary. A valuation allowance is required when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. All evidence, both positive and negative, is evaluated when making this determination. Items considered in this analysis include the ability to carry back losses to recoup taxes previously paid, the reversal of temporary differences, tax planning strategies, historical financial performance, expectations of future earnings and the length of statutory carryforward periods. Significant judgment is required in assessing future earnings trends and the timing of reversals of temporary differences.
Recent Accounting Guidance
     Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance
In January 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting standards update to require new disclosures for fair value measurements and to provide clarification for existing disclosure requirements of which certain disclosure provisions were deferred to fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2010, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Specifically, the changes require a reporting entity to disclose in the reconciliation of fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) separate information about purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements (that is, on a gross basis rather than as one net number). The adoption of this guidance on January 1, 2011 did not have a significant impact on the Company’s disclosures.
In December 2010, the FASB issued an accounting standards update focused on the disclosure of supplementary pro-forma information in business combinations. The purpose of the update was to eliminate diversity in practice surrounding the interpretation of select revenue and expense pro-forma disclosures. The update provides guidance as to the acquisition date that should be selected when preparing the pro-forma disclosures. In the event that comparative financial statements are presented, the acquisition date assumed for the pro-forma disclosure shall be the first day of the preceding comparative year. The adoption of this standard was effective January 1, 2011 and has been applied to the supplemental pro-forma disclosures relative to the Company’s acquisition of Green Tree as disclosed in Note 3.
In January 2011, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that related to the disclosures of troubled debt restructurings. The amendments in this standard deferred the effective date related to these disclosures, enabling creditors to provide such disclosures after the FASB completes their project clarifying the guidance for determining what constitutes a troubled debt restructuring. The provisions of this standard were effective for the reporting period ended September 30, 2011. The requirements of this standard had no impact on the Company’s disclosures as the amount of troubled debt restructurings is not material.
In April 2011, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to provide additional guidance related to a troubled debt restructuring. The standard provides guidance in determining whether a creditor has granted a concession, includes factors and examples for creditors to consider in evaluating whether a restructuring results in a delay in payment that is insignificant, prohibits creditors from using the borrower’s effective rate test to evaluate whether a concession has been granted to the borrower, and adds factors for creditors to use in determining whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties. A provision in this standard also ends the FASB’s deferral of the additional disclosures about troubled debt restructurings. The provisions of this guidance were effective for the Company’s reporting period ended September 30, 2011. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
     Recently Issued
In May 2011, the FASB issued an accounting standards update on fair value measurements and disclosures that was the result of work completed by them and the International Accounting Standards Board to develop common requirements for measuring fair value and for disclosing of information about fair value measurements. The amendments in this standard are effective for interim and annual periods beginning January 1, 2012. The Company is currently evaluating the standard and its expected impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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In June 2011, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity. Under the new standard, the components of net income and other comprehensive income can be presented in either a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. The accounting standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning January 1, 2012. Adoption of the standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In September 2011, the FASB issued an accounting standards update in order to simplify how goodwill is tested for impairment. Prior to the issuance of this update, goodwill was required to be tested for impairment on at least an annual basis by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit was less than its carrying amount, then measurement of the amount of impairment was required. Under the new standard, the Company is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless it determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. The amendments in this standard are effective for interim and annual periods beginning January 1, 2012 with early adoption permitted. Adoption of this standard is expected to have no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Reclassifications
Primarily as a result of the acquisition of Green Tree, the presentation of the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of operations have been changed to better reflect the nature of the Company’s ongoing operations. In order to provide comparability between periods presented, certain amounts have been reclassified from the presentation in the previously reported consolidated financial statements to the presentation for the current period. Provided below is a listing of the various financial statement line items and certain amounts that have been reclassified and their current presentation.
   Consolidated Balance Sheets
     Assets:
    Servicing fees receivable and servicing advances, which were previously presented in servicer advances and receivables, net have been reclassified separately to receivables, net and servicer and protective advances, net, respectively.
 
    Subordinate security; real estate owned, net; and deferred debt issuance costs have been reclassified to other assets.
 
    Premises and equipment, net which was previously classified as other assets has been reclassified to a separate line item.
     Liabilities:
    Servicing advance facility has been renamed as servicing advance liabilities.
 
    Accrued interest has been reclassified to accounts payable and other accrued liabilities.
   Consolidated Statements of Operations
     Revenues:
    Premium revenue has been renamed as insurance revenue.
     Expenses:
    Legal and professional; occupancy; and technology and communication have been reclassified to general and administrative.
 
    Claims expense; real estate owned expenses, net; and certain expenses included in provision for loan losses have been reclassified to other expenses, net.
 
    Certain trust expenses previously classified as interest expense have been reclassified to general and administrative.
     Other Income (Expense):
    Gain on mortgage-backed debt extinguishment has been reclassified to other income (expense).
   Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
As a result of the reclassifications noted above, a number of the line items in the consolidated statement of cash flows and supplemental disclosures for the previously reported period have been effected and reclassifications have been made to conform with the those made in the consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statement of operations.

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3. Acquisitions
Green Tree
On July 1, 2011, the Company acquired all of the outstanding membership interests of Green Tree (the “Acquisition”). The table below details the fair value of the consideration transferred in connection with the Acquisition (in thousands):
         
    Amount  
Cash to owners of Green Tree (1)
  $ 737,846  
Cash to settle Green Tree senior secured credit facility (1)(2)
    274,794  
Company common stock (1,812,532 shares at $22.19 per share) (3)
    40,220  
 
     
Total consideration
  $ 1,052,860  
 
     
 
(1)   The cash portion of the Acquisition was funded through cash on hand and debt issuances as discussed in Note 14. Cash on hand was largely generated by monetizing existing corporate assets as discussed in Note 15. This amount includes $50 million in restricted cash that is payable to the owners of Green Tree and is recognized in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities at September 30, 2011 and presented in Note 12.
 
(2)   Simultaneously with the closing of the Acquisition, the Company retired $274.8 million of previously outstanding Green Tree secured debt.
 
(3)   The fair value of $22.19 per share for the 1.8 million common shares issued was based on an average of the high and low prices of the Company’s shares on July 1, 2011.
The purchase consideration of approximately $1.1 billion was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. A preliminary allocation of the purchase price has been made to major categories of assets and liabilities based on management’s estimates. The final purchase price allocation is dependent on, among other things, the finalization of asset and liability valuations. As of this date, only a preliminary valuation has been completed to estimate the fair values of some of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the related allocation of purchase price. Any final adjustment will change the allocations of purchase price, which could materially affect the fair value assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.
The following table summarizes the estimated acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):
         
    Amount  
Assets
       
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 22,046  
Restricted cash
    110,040  
Residential loans
    729,195  
Receivables
    225,530  
Servicer and protective advances
    134,689  
Servicing rights
    278,952  
Goodwill
    468,163  
Intangible assets
    142,303  
Premises and equipment
    132,814  
Other assets
    13,161  
 
     
Total assets acquired
    2,256,893  
 
     
Liabilities
       
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities
    121,114  
Servicing advance liabilities
    110,861  
Debt
    14,834  
Mortgage-backed debt
    861,674  
Deferred tax liability, net
    4,343  
Servicer payables
    91,207  
 
     
Total liabilities assumed
    1,204,033  
 
     
Fair value of net assets acquired
  $ 1,052,860  
 
     

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Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the purchase consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired less the liabilities assumed. The primary factors that contributed to the recognition of goodwill are the expected cash flows and projections of income growth. The Company also expects to achieve synergies, as the acquisition results in overlapping staff and administrative functions, duplicate servicing platforms and allows for cross deployment of proprietary technology to avoid planned future expenditures. The preliminary amount allocated to goodwill that is expected to be tax deductible is $451.7 million.
With the Acquisition, the Company assessed the nature of its combined business activities and, as a result, made structural changes to the internal organization which resulted in the following reportable segments: Servicing, Insurance and Loans and Residuals. These segments are managed separately because they either provide different services or require different strategies. Refer to Note 20 for further information. At acquisition, the Company’s preliminary estimate of goodwill allocated to the Servicing and Insurance segments was $463.8 million and $4.4 million, respectively.
The following table presents the preliminary estimate of identifiable intangibles assets recognized at acquisition with the corresponding weighted-average amortization periods (in years) at the acquisition date (in thousands):
                 
            Weighted-  
            Average  
    Estimated     Amortization  
    Fair Value     Period  
Intangible assets:
               
Servicing
  $ 72,200       7.0  
Insurance
    23,962       7.0  
Asset receivables management
    29,141       3.2  
Institutional relationships
    17,000       1.2  
 
             
Total intangible assets
  $ 142,303       5.6  
 
             
As of the acquisition date, the Company recognized a contingent liability related to Green Tree’s mandatory repurchase obligation for two securitization trusts. Under this obligation, Green Tree is required to repurchase loans at par from the trusts when loans become 90 days past due. The Company has estimated the fair value of this contingent liability at the acquisition date of $13.6 million, which is included in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities. The fair value was estimated based on prepayment, default and severity rate assumptions related to the historical and projected performance of the underlying loans. The Company estimates that the undiscounted losses to be incurred under the mandatory repurchase obligation over the remaining lives of the securitizations at the acquisition date is $21.1 million.
In addition, at acquisition, the Company recognized a contingent liability related to payments for certain professional fees that it will be required to make over the remaining life of various securitizations. The fees are based in part on the outstanding principal balance of the debt issued by theses trusts. The Company has estimated the fair value of this contingent liability at the acquisition date at $10.4 million, which is included in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities. The fair value was estimated based on prepayment and default assumptions related to the historical and projected performance of the underlying loans. The Company estimates that the undiscounted payments over the remaining lives of the securitizations at the acquisition date is $15.7 million.
At July 1, 2011, the residential loans acquired, which primarily consist of loans related to the Non-Residual Trusts, have a fair value of $729.2 million and a gross contractual amounts receivable of $1.8 billion, of which $423.8 million are not expected to be collected.
The following table presents the unaudited pro forma combined revenues and net loss as if Green Tree had been acquired on January 1, 2010 (in thousands):
                                 
    For the Three     For the Nine  
    Months Ended     Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
    2011     2010     2011     2010  
Revenues
  $ 151,140     $ 139,194     $ 441,299     $ 423,647  
Net loss
    (901 )     (1,454 )     (24,271 )     (8,047 )
Net loss per share — basic
    (0.03 )     (0.05 )     (0.88 )     (0.29 )
Net loss per share — diluted
    (0.03 )     (0.05 )     (0.88 )     (0.29 )
The pro forma financial information is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the Acquisition and related borrowings had taken place on January 1, 2010. The amounts have been calculated to reflect additional depreciation, amortization, and interest expense that would have been incurred assuming the Acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2010 together with the consequential tax effects. These amounts exclude costs incurred which were directly attributable to the Acquisition and which do not have a continuing impact on the combined operating results.
The amount of Green Tree’s revenues and net income since the acquisition date included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2011 are $104.9 million and $12.5 million, respectively. The Company incurred expenses related to the Acquisition of approximately $1.5 million and $13.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, which are primarily included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

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Marix
On November 1, 2010, the Company completed its acquisition of Marix. The purchase price for the acquisition was a cash payment due at closing of less than $0.1 million plus estimated contingent earn-out payments of $2.1 million. The contingent earn-out payments are driven by net servicing revenue in Marix’s existing business in excess of a base of $3.8 million per quarter. The payments are due after the end of each fiscal quarter for a three year period ended December 31, 2013. The estimated liability for future earn-out payments is recorded in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities. In accordance with the accounting guidance on business combinations, any future adjustments to the estimated earn-out liability will be recognized in the earnings of the period in which the change in the estimated payment occurs. At March 31, 2011, the estimated earn-out payable was $1.8 million after the fair value of the estimated earn-out payments was reduced by $0.3 million, which resulted in a credit to the consolidated statement of operations. No subsequent adjustments have been made.
4. Variable Interest Entities
The Company has historically funded its residential loan portfolio through securitizations and evaluates each securitization trust to determine if it meets the definition of a VIE and whether or not the Company is required to consolidate the trust. The evaluation considers all of the Company’s involvement with the VIE, identifying both the implicit and explicit variable interests that either individually or in the aggregate could be significant enough to warrant its designation as the primary beneficiary. This designation is evidenced by both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and the obligation to absorb the losses of, or the rights to receive the benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. When the Company determines that it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE, the VIE is consolidated on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The Company does not receive economic benefit from the residential loans while the loans are held by the Non-Residual Trusts other than the servicing fees paid to the Company to service the loans.
Consolidated VIEs
Prior to the acquisition of Green Tree, the Company determined that it was the primary beneficiary of twelve securitization trusts and has consolidated these VIEs. As the servicer for these trusts, the Company concluded it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the trusts through its ability to manage the delinquent assets of the trusts. In addition, as a holder of the residual securities issued by the trusts, the Company has both the obligation to absorb losses to the extent of its investment and the right to receive benefits from the trusts, both of which could potentially be significant.
As a result of the acquisition of Green Tree, the Company determined that it is the primary beneficiary of ten securitization trusts that have been consolidated on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at July 1, 2011. The Company does not own any residual interests in these trusts. However, as part of a prior agreement to acquire the rights to service the loans in these securitization trusts, Green Tree assumed certain obligations to exercise clean-up calls for each of these trusts at their earliest exercisable dates beginning in 2017 through 2019. As the Company will take control of the remaining collateral in the trusts when these calls are exercised, the clean-up call is deemed a variable interest, as the Company will be required under this obligation to absorb any losses of the VIEs subsequent to these calls which could potentially be significant to each VIE. Additionally, as servicer of the VIEs, the Company has concluded that it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIEs.
Included in the table below is a summary of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities of the VIEs that have historically been consolidated by the Company, or the Residual Trusts, and of the VIEs that have been consolidated by the Company as a result of the acquisition of Green Tree (in thousands):
                         
    September 30, 2011  
    Carrying Amount of Assets and Liablities of Consolidated VIEs  
    Residual Trusts     Non-Residual Trusts     Total  
Assets
                       
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
  $ 43,625     $ 15,749     $ 59,374  
Residential loans, net
    1,607,263       696,245       2,303,508  
Receivables, net
          80,565       80,565  
Other assets
    57,544       2,934       60,478  
 
                 
Total assets
  $ 1,708,432     $ 795,493     $ 2,503,925  
 
                 
Liabilities
                       
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities
  $ 10,696     $     $ 10,696  
Mortgage-backed debt
    1,437,878       830,488       2,268,366  
 
                 
Total liabilities
  $ 1,448,574     $ 830,488     $ 2,279,062  
 
                 

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The assets of each consolidated VIE are pledged as collateral for the mortgage-backed debt and are not available to satisfy claims of general creditors of the Company. The mortgage-backed debt issued by each consolidated VIE is to be satisfied solely from the proceeds of the residential loans and other collateral held in the trusts. The trusts are not cross-collateralized and the holders of the mortgage-backed debt issued by the trusts do not have recourse to the Company. Refer to Note 15 for additional information regarding the mortgage-backed debt and related collateral.
The Company is not contractually required to provide any financial support to the Residual Trusts. For the Non-Residual Trusts, the Company is obligated to exercise the mandatory clean-up call obligations it assumed as part of an agreement to acquire the rights to service the loans in these trusts. The Company expects to call these securitizations beginning in 2017 through 2019. The total outstanding balance of the collateral expected to be called at the respective call dates is $417.7 million. In addition, for seven of the ten Non-Residual Trusts and four securitization trusts that have not been consolidated, the Company has an obligation to reimburse a third party for the final $165 million in LOCs if drawn, which were issued to the trusts by a third party as further explained below. In addition, for the Residual Trusts, the Company may, from time to time at its sole discretion, purchase certain assets from the trusts to cure delinquency or loss triggers for the sole purpose of releasing excess overcollateralization to the Company. The Company does not expect to provide financial support to the Residual Trusts based on current performance trends.
Unconsolidated VIEs
As a result of the acquisition of Green Tree, the Company has interests in VIEs that it does not consolidate as it has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of the VIEs. The following table presents the carrying amounts of the Company’s assets and liabilities that relate to its variable interests in the VIEs that are not consolidated, as well as its maximum exposure to loss and the unpaid principal balance of the total assets of the unconsolidated VIEs (in thousands):
                                         
    September 30, 2011  
    Carrying Value of Assets             Unpaid  
    Recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet             Principal  
                                    Balance of Total  
            Servicer and             Maximum     Assets of  
    Servicing     Protective             Exposure     Unconsolidated  
Type of Involvement   Rights, Net     Advances, Net     Total     to Loss (1)     VIEs  
Servicing arrangements with letter of credit reimbursement obligations
  $ 3,078     $ 2,842     $ 5,920     $ 170,920     $ 257,073  
 
(1)   The Company’s maximum exposure to loss related to these unconsolidated VIEs equals the carrying value of servicing rights, net and servicing and protective advances, net recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet plus an obligation to reimburse a third party for the final $165 million drawn on LOCs discussed below.
At September 30, 2011, the Company serviced $257.1 million of loans related to four securitization trusts. As part of the agreement to service these loans, the Company has an obligation to reimburse a third party for the final $165 million in LOCs if drawn. This obligation applies to an aggregate of eleven securitization trusts. The other seven of these securitization trusts were consolidated on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at July 1, 2011 due to the Company’s mandatory clean-up call obligation related to these trusts. The LOCs were provided as credit enhancements to these securitizations and, accordingly, the securitization trusts will draw on these LOCs if there are not enough cash flows from the underlying collateral to pay the debt holders. The total amount available on these LOCs for all eleven securitization trusts was $302.9 million at September 30, 2011. Based on the Company’s estimates of the underlying performance of the collateral in these securitizations, the Company does not expect that the final $165 million will be drawn, and therefore, no liability for the fair value of this obligation has been recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, however, actual performance may differ from this estimate in the future. The four securitization trusts are not consolidated on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as it has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of the trusts as it does not have a variable interest that could potentially be significant to the VIEs.

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5. Fair Value
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A three-tier fair value hierarchy is used to prioritize the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Basis or Measurement
Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
Level 2 Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.
The accounting guidance concerning fair value allows the Company to elect to measure financial instruments at fair value and report the changes in fair value through the consolidated statements of operations. This election can only be made at certain specified dates and is irrevocable once made. The Company does not have a policy regarding specific assets or liabilities to elect to measure at fair value, but rather makes the election on an instrument-by-instrument basis as they are acquired or incurred. Upon the acquisition of Green Tree, the Company elected to measure at fair value certain assets and liabilities of the Non-Residual Trusts including residential loans, receivables and mortgage-backed debt. In addition, at the acquisition of Green Tree, the Company recognized contingent liabilities for a mandatory repurchase obligation and for accrued professional fees related to certain securitizations that it measures at fair value on a recurring basis in accordance with the accounting guidance for business combinations.
The Company determines fair value based upon quoted broker prices, when available, or through the use of alternative approaches, such as the discounting of expected cash flows at market rates commensurate with an instrument’s credit quality and duration.
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following assets and liabilities are measured in the consolidated financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized in the table below based upon the lowest level of significant input to the valuation (in thousands):
                                 
    Recurring Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2011  
    Quoted Prices in                      
    Active Markets             Significant        
    for Identical     Significant Other     Unobservable     Estimated  
    Assets and Liabilities     Observable Inputs     Inputs     Fair  
    (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)     Value  
Assets
                               
Residential loans related to Non-Residual Trusts
  $     $     $ 696,245     $ 696,245  
Receivables related to Non-Residual Trusts
                80,565       80,565  
 
                       
Total assets
  $     $     $ 776,810     $ 776,810  
 
                       
Liabilities
                               
Mandatory repurchase obligation
  $     $     $ 13,638     $ 13,638  
Accrued professional fees related to certain securitizations
                10,061       10,061  
Mortgage-backed debt related to Non-Residual Trusts
                830,488       830,488  
 
                       
Total liabilities
  $     $     $ 854,187     $ 854,187  
 
                       
The following is a description of the methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as the basis for classifying these assets and liabilities as Level 3.
Residential loans related to Non-Residual Trusts — These loans are not traded in an active, open market with readily observable prices. Accordingly, the Company estimates fair value using Level 3 unobservable market inputs. The estimated fair value is based on the net present value of projected cash flows over the estimated life of the loans. The Company’s valuation considers assumptions that a market participant would consider in valuing the loans, including but not limited to, assumptions for prepayment, default, loss severity and discount rates. The Company reassesses and periodically adjusts the underlying inputs and assumptions used in the valuation for recent historical experience, as well as for current and expected relevant market conditions. Collateral performance assumptions are primarily based on analyses of historical and projected performance trends, as well as the Company’s assessment of current and future economic conditions. The discount rate assumption for these assets is primarily based on the collateral and credit risk characteristics of these loans, combined with an assessment of market interest rates. Residential loans related to Non-Residual Trusts are recorded in residential loans, net in the consolidated balance sheets.
Receivables related to Non-Residual Trusts — The Company estimates the fair value of receivables related to the Non-Residual Trusts using Level 3 unobservable market inputs at the net present value of expected cash flows from the LOCs to be used to pay debt holders over the remaining life of the securitization trusts. The estimate of the cash to be collected from the LOCs is based on expected shortfalls of cash flows from the loans in the securitization trusts, compared to the required debt payments of the securitization trusts. The cash flows from the loans and thus the cash to be provided by the LOCs is determined by analyzing the credit assumptions for the underlying collateral in each of the securitizations. The discount rate assumption for these assets is primarily based on the collateral and credit risk characteristics of the loans combined with an assessment of market interest rates. Receivables related to the Non-Residual Trusts are recorded in receivables, net in the consolidated balance sheets.

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Mandatory repurchase obligation - This contingent liability relates to a mandatory repurchase obligation for two unconsolidated securitizations in which the Company is required to repurchase loans from the securitization trusts when a loan becomes 90 days delinquent. The Company estimates the fair value of this obligation based on the expected net present value of expected future cash flows using Level 3 assumptions that a market participant would consider in valuing these liabilities, including but not limited to, assumptions for prepayment, default and loss severity rates applicable to the historical and projected performance of the underlying loans. The Company reassesses and periodically adjusts the underlying inputs and assumptions used in the valuation of the mandatory repurchase obligation for recent historical experience, as well as for current and expected relevant market conditions and other operational considerations. Collateral performance assumptions are primarily based on analyses of historical and projected performance trends, as well as the Company’s assessment of current and future economic conditions. The discount rate assumption for this liability is primarily based on collateral characteristics combined with an assessment of market interest rates. The mandatory repurchase obligation is included in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
Accrued professional fees related to certain securitizations - This contingent liability primarily relates to payments for surety and auction agent fees that the Company will be required to make over the remaining life of certain consolidated and unconsolidated securitization trusts. The Company estimates the fair value using Level 3 unobservable market inputs. The estimated fair value is based on the net present value of the cash flows of the accrued professional fees required to be paid related to the securitization trusts. The Company’s valuation considers assumptions that a market participant would consider in valuing these liabilities, including but not limited to, estimates of collateral repayment, default and discount rates. The Company reassesses and periodically adjusts the underlying inputs and assumptions used in the valuation for recent historical experience, as well as for current and expected relevant market conditions and other operational considerations. Collateral performance assumptions are primarily based on analyses of historical and projected performance trends, as well as the Company’s assessment of current and future economic conditions. The discount rate assumption for this liability is primarily based on collateral characteristics combined with an assessment of market interest rates. Accrued professional fees related to certain securitizations are included in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
Mortgage-backed debt related to Non-Residual Trusts — This debt is not traded in an active, open market with readily observable prices. Accordingly, the Company estimates the fair value using Level 3 unobservable market inputs. The estimated fair value of the debt is based on the net present value of the projected principal and interest payments owed for the remaining life of the securitization trusts. The Company’s valuation considers assumptions and estimates for principal and interest payments on the debt. An analysis of the credit assumptions for the underlying collateral in each of the securitization trusts is performed to determine the required payments to debt holders. The assumptions that a market participant would consider in valuing debt, including but not limited to, include prepayment, default, loss severity and discount rates. The Company reassesses and periodically adjusts the underlying inputs and assumptions used in the valuation for recent historical experience, as well as for current and expected relevant market conditions. Credit performance assumptions are primarily based on analyses of historical and projected performance trends, as well as the Company’s assessment of current and future economic conditions. The discount rate assumption for this liability is primarily based on credit characteristics combined with an assessment of market interest rates. Mortgage-backed debt related to the Non-Residual Trusts is recorded in mortgage-backed debt in the consolidated balance sheets.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in thousands):
                                         
    For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011  
                    Realized and Unrealized                
                    Gains (Losses)                
    Fair Value     Green Tree     Included In             Fair Value  
    June 30, 2011     Acquisition     Net Loss     Settlements     September 30, 2011  
 
                             
Assets
                                       
Residential loans related to Non-Residual Trusts
  $     $ 726,475     $ 4,401     $ (34,631 )   $ 696,245  
Receivables related to Non-Residual Trusts
          84,921       (322 )     (4,034 )     80,565  
 
                             
Total assets
  $     $ 811,396     $ 4,079     $ (38,665 )   $ 776,810  
 
                             
Liabilities
                                       
Mandatory repurchase obligation
  $     $ (13,638 )   $ (340 )   $ 340     $ (13,638 )
Accrued professional fees related to certain securitizations
          (10,440 )     (309 )     688       (10,061 )
Mortgage-backed debt related to Non-Residual Trusts
          (861,674 )     (4,815 )     36,001       (830,488 )
 
                             
Total liabilities
  $     $ (885,752 )   $ (5,464 )   $ 37,029     $ (854,187 )
 
                             
Realized and unrealized gains and losses for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are recognized in net fair value losses in the consolidated statements of operations. Realized and unrealized gains and losses included in net loss include accretion and amortization related to realization of expected cash flows, as well as changes in valuation inputs and assumptions.

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Items Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
At the time a residential loan becomes real estate owned, the Company records the property at the lower of its carrying amount or estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. Upon foreclosure and through liquidation, the Company evaluates the property’s fair value as compared to its carrying amount and records a valuation adjustment when the carrying amount exceeds fair value. For residential loans accounted for at amortized cost, any valuation adjustment at the time the loan becomes real estate owned is charged to the allowance for loan losses and for residential loans accounted for at fair value, any valuation adjustment is recognized in net fair value losses in the consolidated statements of operations. Subsequent declines in value, as well as gains and losses on the sale of real estate owned, are reported in other expenses, net in the consolidated statements of operations. Real estate owned expenses, net, were $3.6 million and $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $9.2 million and $5.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Carrying values and the corresponding fair value adjustments during the period for assets measured in the consolidated financial statements at fair value on a non-recurring basis are as follows (in thousands):
                                                 
    Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using  
            Quoted Prices in                          
            Active Markets for     Significant Other     Significant     Fair Value     Fair Value  
    Carrying     Identical Assets     Observable Inputs     Unobservable Inputs     Adjustment for the     Adjustment for the  
    Value     (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)     Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
Real estate owned
                                               
September 30, 2011
  $ 55,545     $     $     $ 55,545     $ (1,703 )   $ (3,668 )
September 30, 2010
    64,208                   64,208       (218 )     (1,507 )
These real estate owned properties are generally located in rural areas and are primarily concentrated in Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, South Carolina, Louisiana and Georgia. The real estate owned properties have a weighted-average holding period of 12 months. To estimate the fair value, the Company utilized historical loss severity rates experienced on similar real estate owned properties previously sold by the Company.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded or disclosed at fair value as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively (in thousands):
                                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
    Carrying     Estimated     Carrying     Estimated  
    Amount     Fair Value     Amount     Fair Value  
Financial assets
                               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 36,171     $ 36,171     $ 114,352     $ 114,352  
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
    259,278       259,278       52,289       52,289  
Residential loans, net
                               
Residential loans carried at amortized cost
    1,616,410       1,536,722       1,621,485       1,566,000  
Residential loans carried at fair value
    696,245       696,245              
Receivables, net
                               
Insurance premium receivables
    117,527       114,848       1,979       1,979  
Receivables related to Non-Residual Trusts
    80,565       80,565              
Other
    33,829       33,829       1,447       1,447  
Servicer and protective advances, net
    135,730       135,536       10,440       10,440  
Financial liabilities
                               
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities
                               
Mandatory repurchase obligation
    13,638       13,638              
Accrued professional fees related to certain securitizations
    10,061       10,061              
Payables to insurance carriers
    51,748       51,403              
Other
    148,782       148,782       41,762       41,762  
Dividends payable
    6,200       6,200       13,431       13,431  
Servicing advance liabilities
    105,740       105,740       3,254       3,254  
Debt (1)
    748,352       777,416              
Mortgage-backed debt
                               
Mortgage-backed debt carried at amortized cost (2)
    1,416,418       1,368,000       1,262,131       1,235,000  
Mortgage-backed debt carried at fair value
    830,488       830,488              
Servicer payables
    137,644       137,644              
 
(1)   Debt is net of deferred issuance costs of $25.9 million at September 30, 2011.
 
(2)   Mortgage-backed debt is net of deferred issuance costs of $21.5 million and $19.4 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.

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The following provides a description of the methods and significant assumptions used in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. A description of the methods and significant assumptions used in estimating the fair values of financial assets and liabilities measured on recurring basis has been provided under the Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis section of this note.
Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents, other receivables, other accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, dividends payable, servicing advance liabilities, and servicer payables - The estimated fair value of these financial instruments approximates their carrying amounts due to their highly liquid or short-term nature.
Residential loans at amortized cost - The methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of residential loans carried at amortized cost are the same as those described for residential loans related to Non-Residual Trusts.
Insurance premium receivables - The estimated fair value of this receivable is based on the net present value of the expected cash flows. The determination of fair value includes assumptions related to the underlying collateral serviced by the Company, such as delinquency and default rates, as the insurance premiums are collected as part of the customers’ loan payments or from the related trusts.
Servicer and protective advances, net — The estimated fair value of these advances is based on the net present value of projected cash flows over the expected life of the receivables and the Company’s estimated pricing of advances on similar collateral.
Payables to insurance carriers — The estimated fair value of this liability is based on the net present value of the expected carrier payments over the life of the payables.
Debt — The estimated fair value of the Company’s 2011 Term Loans is based on quoted prices in markets that are not active. The estimated fair value of the Company’s other debt approximates their carrying amounts due to their highly liquid or short-term nature.
Mortgage-backed debt - The methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of mortgage-backed debt carried at amortized cost are the same as those described for mortgage-backed debt related to Non-Residual Trusts.
Fair Value Option
The Company elected the fair value option for certain assets and liabilities of the VIEs that have been consolidated as a result of the acquisition of Green Tree. These assets and liabilities related to the Non-Residual Trusts include residential loans, receivables and mortgage-backed debt. The fair value option was elected for these assets and liabilities as fair value best reflects how the Company manages these assets and liabilities.
Presented in the table below is the fair value and unpaid principal balance of the assets and liabilities for which the Company has elected the fair value option and the related fair value gains and losses resulting from the instrument-specific credit risk and other factors (in thousands):
                                         
                    For the Three and Nine Months  
                    Ended September 30, 2011  
    September 30, 2011     Instrument-                
    Estimated     Unpaid Principal     Specific             Fair Value  
    Fair Value     Balance(1)     Credit Risk     Other     Gain (Loss)(2)  
Assets at fair value under the fair value option
                                       
Residential loans related to Non-Residual Trusts
  $ 696,245     $ 932,043     $ 1,328     $ 3,073     $ 4,401  
Receivables related to Non-Residual Trusts
    80,565       86,819       (576 )     254       (322 )
 
                             
Total
  $ 776,810     $ 1,018,862     $ 752     $ 3,327     $ 4,079  
 
                             
 
                                       
Liabilities at fair value under the fair value option
                                       
Mortgage-backed debt related to Non-Residual Trusts
  $ 830,488     $ 945,391     $ (1,022 )   $ (3,793 )   $ (4,815 )
 
                             
 
(1)   For the receivables related to Non-Residual Trusts, the unpaid principal balance represents the notional amount of expected draws under the LOCs.
 
(2)   The fair value gains and losses on assets and liabilities of the Non-Residual Trusts at fair value under the fair value option are recognized in net fair value losses in the consolidated statements of operations.
For assets accounted for at fair value under the fair value option, the net fair value gain related to instrument-specific credit risk reflects a change in the Company’s assumptions related to prepayments, defaults and severity. Included in residential loans accounted for under the fair value option are loans that are 90 days or more past due that have a fair value of $1.8 million and an unpaid principal balance of $9.8 million at September 30, 2011.
Fair Value Gains (Losses)
Provided in the table below is a summary of net fair value losses (in thousands):
         
    For the Three and  
    Nine Months Ended  
    September 30, 2011  
Net fair value gains (losses)
       
Assets of Non-Residual Trusts
  $ 4,079  
Liabilities of Non-Residual Trusts
    (4,815 )
Mandatory repurchase obligation
    (340 )
Accrued professional fees related to certain securitizations
    (309 )
Other
    (19 )
 
     
Net fair value losses
  $ (1,404 )
 
     

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6. Residential Loans, Net
Residential loans are held for investment and consist of residential mortgages, manufactured housing loans, and retail installment agreements that are primarily held in securitization trusts that have been consolidated by the Company. The residential loans that are held in the Non-Residual Trusts that have been consolidated in conjunction with the Company’s acquisition of Green Tree are accounted for at fair value while the residential loans of the Residual Trusts, as well as unencumbered loans are accounted for at amortized cost. The residential loans held in consolidated securitization trusts are pledged as collateral for the mortgage-backed debt issued by the trusts and are not available to satisfy claims of the general creditors of the Company. Refer to Note 4 for further information regarding these consolidated VIEs and to Note 15 for further information regarding the mortgage-backed debt and related collateral.
Residential loans, net are summarized in the table below (in thousands):
                                                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
    Carried at     Carried at             Carried at     Carried at        
    Amortized Cost(1)     Fair Value     Total     Amortized Cost(1)     Fair Value     Total  
Residential loans, principal balance
  $ 1,804,399     $ 932,043     $ 2,736,442     $ 1,803,758     $     $ 1,803,758  
Unamortized premiums (discounts) and other cost basis adjustments, net
    (174,693 )           (174,693 )     (166,366 )           (166,366 )
Fair value adjustment
          (235,798 )     (235,798 )                  
Allowance for loan losses
    (13,296 )           (13,296 )     (15,907 )           (15,907 )
 
                                   
Residential loans, net
  $ 1,616,410     $ 696,245     $ 2,312,655     $ 1,621,485     $     $ 1,621,485  
 
                                   
 
(1)   Included in unamortized premiums (discounts) and other cost basis adjustments, net for residential loans carried at amortized cost is $15.7 million and $16.0 million in accrued interest receivable at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
Residential Loan Acquisitions
At acquisition, the fair value of residential loans acquired outside of a business combination is the purchase price of the residential loans, which is determined primarily based on the outstanding principal balance, the probability of future default and the estimated amount of loss given default. The Company acquired residential loans to be held for investment in the amount of $45.6 million and $40.7 million, adding $63.6 million and $54.6 million of unpaid principal to the residential loan portfolio in the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010, respectively, which included $27.1 million in acquisitions of credit impaired loans during the period ended September 30, 2011. There were no purchases of credit impaired loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2010. These residential loans acquired included performing and non-performing, fixed and adjustable-rate loans, on single-family, owner occupied and investor-owned residences located within the Company’s existing southeastern U.S. geographic footprint.
The Green Tree acquisition added $961.8 million in unpaid principal to the residential loan portfolio, which included $5.0 million in credit impaired loans. These residential loans include primarily performing, fixed and adjustable-rate loans on manufactured housing residences.
     Purchased Credit-Impaired Residential Loans
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, the Company acquired residential loans it deemed to be credit-impaired as detailed in the table below (in thousands):
                 
    For the     For the  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30, 2011     September 30, 2011  
Contractually required cash flows for acquired loans at acquisition
  $ 10,959     $ 57,738  
Nonaccretable difference
    (8,132 )     (30,839 )
 
           
Expected cash flows for acquired loans at acquisition
    2,827       26,899  
Accretable yield
    (267 )     (7,698 )
 
           
Purchase price
  $ 2,560     $ 19,201  
 
           
The table below sets forth the activity in the accretable yield for purchased credit-impaired residential loans (in thousands):
                 
    For the     For the  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30, 2011     September 30, 2011  
Balance at beginning of period
  $ 13,839     $ 4,174  
Additions
    267       7,698  
Accretion
    (797 )     (1,932 )
Reclassifications from nonaccretable difference
    936       4,305  
 
           
Balance at end of period
  $ 14,245     $ 14,245  
 
           

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The table below provides additional information about purchased credit-impaired residential loans (in thousands):
                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
Outstanding balance (1)
  $ 45,638     $ 14,456  
Carrying amount
    28,616       9,340  
 
(1)   Consists of principal and accrued interest owed to the Company as of the reporting date.
Disclosures About the Credit Quality of Residential Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of probable incurred credit losses inherent in our residential loan portfolio accounted for at amortized cost as of the balance sheet date. This portfolio is made up of one segment and class that consists primarily of less-than prime, credit challenged residential loans. The risk characteristics of the portfolio segment and class relate to credit exposure. The method for monitoring and assessing credit risk is the same throughout the portfolio. The allowance for loan losses on residential loans accounted for at amortized cost includes two components: (1) specifically identified residential loans that are evaluated individually for impairment and (2) all other residential loans that are considered a homogenous pool that are collectively evaluated for impairment.
The Company reviews all residential loans accounted for at amortized cost for impairment and determines a residential loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered in assessing collectability include, but are not limited to, a borrower’s extended delinquency and the initiation of foreclosure proceedings. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. The Company determines a specific impairment allowance generally based on the difference between the carrying value of the residential loan and the estimated fair value of the collateral.
The determination of the level of the allowance for loan losses and, correspondingly, the provision for loan losses, for the residential loans evaluated collectively is based on, but not limited to, delinquency levels and trends, default frequency experience, prior loan loss severity experience, and management’s judgment and assumptions regarding various matters, including the composition of the residential loan portfolio, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, the estimated value of the underlying real estate collateral, the level of the allowance in relation to total loans and to historical loss levels, current economic and market conditions within the applicable geographic areas surrounding the underlying real estate, changes in unemployment levels and the impact that changes in interest rates have on a borrower’s ability to refinance their loan and to meet their repayment obligations. Management continuously evaluates these assumptions and various other relevant factors impacting credit quality and inherent losses when quantifying our exposure to credit losses and assessing the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses as of each reporting date. The level of the allowance is adjusted based on the results of management’s analysis. Generally, as residential loans age, the credit exposure is reduced, resulting in decreasing provisions.
While the Company considers the allowance for loan losses to be adequate based on information currently available, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used by management in determining the allowance for loan losses.
Modifications
Occasionally, the Company modifies a loan agreement at the request of the borrower. The Company’s current modification program offered to borrowers is limited and is used to assist borrowers experiencing temporary hardships and is intended to minimize the economic loss to the Company and to avoid foreclosure. Generally, the Company’s modifications are short-term interest rate reductions and/or payment deferrals with forgiveness of principal rarely granted. A modification of a loan constitutes a troubled debt restructuring when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the modification constitutes a concession. Loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring are typically already on non-accrual status and have an allowance recorded. At times, loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring by the Company may have the financial effect of increasing the allowance associated with the loan. The allowance for impaired loans that has been modified in a troubled debt restructuring is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs. Troubled debt restructurings are insignificant to the Company.
The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses on residential loans, net (in thousands):
                                 
    For the Three     For the Nine  
    Months Ended     Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
    2011     2010     2011     2010  
Beginning balance
  $ 13,234     $ 16,733     $ 15,907     $ 17,661  
Provision for loan losses
    1,865       1,377       3,365       4,541  
Charge-offs, net of recoveries (1)
    (1,803 )     (1,829 )     (5,976 )     (5,921 )
 
                       
Ending balance
  $ 13,296     $ 16,281     $ 13,296     $ 16,281  
 
                       
 
(1)   Includes charge-offs recognized upon acquisition of real estate in satisfaction of residential loans of $0.7 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $2.4 million and $4.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

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The following table summarizes the ending balance of the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in residential loans carried at amortized cost by basis of impairment method (in thousands):
                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
Allowance for loan losses
               
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
  $ 3,745     $ 3,599  
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
    9,551       12,308  
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality
           
 
           
Total
  $ 13,296     $ 15,907  
 
           
 
               
Recorded investment in residential loans carried at amortized cost
               
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
  $ 45,909     $ 44,737  
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
    1,555,181       1,583,315  
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality
    28,616       9,340  
 
           
Total
  $ 1,629,706     $ 1,637,392  
 
           
Impaired Residential Loans
The following table presents loans carried at amortized cost which are individually evaluated for impairment and consist primarily of residential loans in the process of foreclosure and purchased credit-impaired residential loans (in thousands):
                                                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
            Unpaid                     Unpaid        
    Recorded     Principal     Related     Recorded     Principal     Related  
    Investment     Balance     Allowance     Investment     Balance     Allowance  
Individually impaired
                                               
With no related allowance recorded
  $ 7,134     $ 8,553     $     $ 11,932     $ 13,911     $  
With an allowance recorded
    38,775       41,323       3,745       32,805       35,799       3,599  
Purchased credit-impaired
                                               
With no related allowance recorded
    28,616       45,176             9,340       14,329        
                                 
    For the Three Months Ended     For the Nine Months Ended  
    September 30, 2011     September 30, 2011  
    Average     Interest     Average     Interest  
    Recorded     Income     Recorded     Income  
    Investment     Recognized     Investment     Recognized  
Individually impaired
                               
With no related allowance recorded
  $ 6,819     $ 2     $ 8,106     $ 20  
With an allowance recorded
    35,876       17       35,733       56  
Purchased credit-impaired
                               
With no related allowance recorded
    28,549       797       23,029       1,932  

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Aging of Past Due Residential Loans
Residential loans are placed on non-accrual status when any portion of the principal or interest is 90 days past due. When placed on non-accrual status, the related interest receivable is reversed against interest income of the current period. Interest income on non-accrual loans, if received, is recorded using the cash method of accounting. Residential loans are removed from non-accrual status when the amount financed and the associated interest are no longer 90 days past due. If a non-accrual loan is returned to accruing status the accrued interest, at the date the residential loan was placed on non-accrual status, and forgone interest during the non-accrual period, are recorded as interest income as of the date the loan no longer meets the non-accrual criteria. The past due or delinquency status of residential loans is generally determined based on the contractual payment terms. The calculation of delinquencies excludes from delinquent amounts those accounts that are in bankruptcy proceedings that are paying their mortgage payments in contractual compliance with the bankruptcy court approved mortgage payment obligations. Loan balances are charged off when it becomes evident that balances are not fully collectible. The following table presents the aging of the residential loan portfolio accounted for at amortized cost (in thousands):
                                                         
    30-59     60-89     90 Days                     Total     Non-  
    Days Past     Days Past     or More     Total             Residential     Accrual  
    Due     Due     Past Due     Past Due     Current     Loans     Loans  
Recorded investment in residential
loans carried at amortized cost
                                                       
September 30, 2011
  $ 21,389     $ 12,280     $ 52,290     $ 85,959     $ 1,543,747     $ 1,629,706     $ 52,290  
December 31, 2010
    24,262       8,274       43,355       75,891       1,561,501       1,637,392       43,355  
Credit Risk Profile Based on Delinquencies
Factors that are important to managing overall credit quality and minimizing loan losses are sound loan underwriting, monitoring of existing loans, early identification of problem loans, timely resolution of problems, an appropriate allowance for loan losses, and sound nonaccrual and charge-off policies. The Company primarily utilizes delinquency status to monitor the credit quality of the portfolio. Monitoring of residential loans increases when the loan is delinquent. The Company considers all loans 30 days or more past due to be non-performing. The classification of delinquencies, and thus the non-performing calculation, excludes from delinquent amounts those accounts that are in bankruptcy proceedings that are paying their mortgage payments in contractual compliance with the bankruptcy court approved mortgage payment obligations.
The following table presents the recorded investment in residential loans accounted for at amortized cost by credit quality indicator (in thousands):
                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
Performing
  $ 1,543,747     $ 1,561,501  
Non-performing
    85,959       75,891  
 
           
Total
  $ 1,629,706     $ 1,637,392  
 
           
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Concentrations of credit risk associated with the residential loan portfolio are limited due to the large number of customers and their dispersion across many geographic areas. The table below provides the percentage of the residential loans on our consolidated balance sheets, including both the residential loans accounted for at amortized cost and at fair value, by the state in which the home securing the loan is located and is based on their unpaid principal balances.
                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
Texas
    26 %     35 %
Mississippi
    11 %     15 %
Alabama
    8 %     8 %
Georgia
    7 %     5 %
Florida
    6 %     7 %
North Carolina
    6 %     4 %
South Carolina
    5 %     6 %
Louisiana
    5 %     6 %
Other
    26 %     14 %
 
           
Total
    100 %     100 %
 
           

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7. Receivables, Net
Receivables, net consist of the following (in thousands):
                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
Insurance premium receivables
  $ 117,527     $ 1,979  
Receivables related to Non-Residual Trusts carried at fair value
    80,565        
Servicing fee receivables
    21,163       783  
Federal and state income tax receivables
    3,711        
Other receivables
    9,053       762  
 
           
Receivables
    232,019       3,524  
Less: Allowance for uncollectible servicing fee and other receivables
    (98 )     (98 )
 
           
Receivables, net
  $ 231,921     $ 3,426  
 
           
8. Servicer and Protective Advances, Net
Servicer advances consist of principal and interest advances to certain unconsolidated securitization trusts to meet contractual payment requirements to investors. Protective advances consist of advances to protect the collateral being serviced by the Company and primarily include payments made for property taxes and insurance. The following table presents servicer and protective advances, net (in thousands):
                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
Servicer advances
  $ 39,241     $ 3,285  
Protective advances
    113,195       21,311  
 
           
Servicer and protective advances
    152,436       24,596  
Less: Allowance for uncollectible advances
    (16,706 )     (14,156 )
 
           
Servicer and protective advances, net
  $ 135,730     $ 10,440  
 
           
At September 30, 2011, servicer and protective advances include $60.8 million pledged as collateral under the Receivables Loan Agreement. See Note 13 for further information.
9. Servicing of Residential Loans
The Company provides servicing for credit-sensitive consumer loans including residential mortgages, manufactured housing and consumer installment loans for third-party investors, as well as for loans recognized on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s total servicing portfolio consists of residential loans serviced for others for which servicing rights have been capitalized, loans sub-serviced for others, and loans held for investment and real estate owned held for sale recognized on the consolidated balance sheets. As a result of the Acquisition, the Company capitalized the servicing rights associated with Green Tree’s servicing and sub-servicing agreements in existence at the date of acquisition.
Provided below is a summary of the Company’s total servicing portfolio (dollars in thousands).
                 
`   September 30, 2011  
    Number     Unpaid Principal  
    of Loans     Balance  
Third-party investors (1)
               
Capitalized servicing rights (2)
    744,532     $ 36,492,835  
Sub-servicing
    102,191       20,012,212  
 
           
Total third-party servicing portfolio
    846,723       56,505,047  
On-balance sheet
               
Residential loans and real estate owned (3)
    62,990       2,801,893  
 
           
Total on-balance sheet serviced assets
    62,990       2,801,893  
 
           
Total servicing portfolio
    909,713     $ 59,306,940  
 
           
 
(1)   Includes real estate owned serviced for third-party investors.
 
(2)   Capitalized servicing rights include sub-servicing in existence at the date of acquisition.
 
(3)   Consists of unencumbered residential loans held for investment and residential loans in consolidated VIEs that are recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and real estate acquired in satisfaction of unencumbered residential loans held for investment and residential loans in consolidated VIEs that is recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

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The following table summarizes the activity in the carrying value of servicing rights for the period (in thousands):
         
    For the Nine  
    Months Ended  
    September 30, 2011  
Balance at beginning of period
  $  
Green Tree acquisition
    278,952  
Amortization (1)
    (14,611 )
Impairment
     
 
     
Balance at end of period
  $ 264,341  
 
     
 
(1)   Amortization of servicing rights is recorded in depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statements of operations.
Servicing rights are recorded at amortized cost and reviewed for impairment based on the estimated fair value. The fair value of servicing rights is estimated using the present value of projected cash flows over the estimated period of net servicing income. The estimation of fair value requires significant judgment and uses key economic assumptions which are provided in the table below (dollars in thousands):
         
    September 30, 2011  
Carrying amount of servicing rights
  $ 264,341  
Estimated fair value of servicing rights
    276,219  
Cumulative scheduled principal balance of serviced loans at the end of the period
    36,474,421  
Assumptions
       
Weighted-average remaining life in years
    5.8  
Weighted-average stated customer interest rate on underlying collateral
    7.84 %
Weighted-average discount rate
    12.47 %
Expected cost to service as a percentage of principal balance of serviced loans
    0.49 %
Expected ancillary fees as a percentage of principal balance of serviced loans
    0.07 %
Expected conditional repayment rate as a percentage of principal balance of serviced loans
    5.16 %
Expected conditional default rate as a percentage of principal balance of serviced loans
    6.74 %
The valuation of servicing rights is affected by the underlying assumptions including the expected cost of servicing, ancillary fees, prepayments of principal, defaults and discount rate. Should the actual performance and timing differ materially from the Company’s projected assumptions, the estimate of fair value of the servicing rights could be materially different.
10. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill and customer relationship related intangible assets were recorded upon the acquisition of Green Tree. At September 30, 2011, a preliminary estimate of goodwill of $463.8 million and $4.4 million has been allocated to the Servicing and Insurance segments, respectively.
Other intangible assets consist of the following (in thousands):
                         
    September 30, 2011  
    Gross             Net  
    Carrying     Accumulated     Carrying  
    Amount     Amortization     Amount  
Customer relationship intangible assets subject to amortization
                       
Servicing
  $ 72,200     $ (1,959 )   $ 70,241  
Insurance
    23,962       (650 )     23,312  
Asset receivables management
    29,141       (1,803 )     27,338  
Institutional relationships
    17,000       (1,700 )     15,300  
 
                 
Total intangible assets
  $ 142,303     $ (6,112 )   $ 136,191  
 
                 

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Amortization expense associated with other intangible assets is included in depreciation and amortization and is as follows (in thousands):
         
    For the Three and  
    Nine Months Ended  
    September 30, 2011  
Servicing
  $ 1,959  
Insurance
    650  
Asset receivables management
    1,803  
Institutional relationships
    1,700  
 
     
Amortization expense
  $ 6,112  
 
     
Based on the balance of other intangible assets at September 30, 2011, estimated amortization expense is expected to approximate the following for each of the next five years and thereafter (in thousands):
         
    Amortization  
    Expense  
For the remainder of 2011
  $ 6,063  
2012
    23,186  
2013
    20,827  
2014
    11,776  
2015
    10,108  
2016
    8,904  
Thereafter
    55,327  
 
     
Total
  $ 136,191  
 
     
11. Premises and Equipment, Net
Premises and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands):
                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
Computer hardware and software
  $ 131,700     $ 13,227  
Furniture and fixtures
    8,095       512  
Office equipment and other
    6,415       1,211  
 
           
Premises and equipment
    146,210       14,950  
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
    (13,205 )     (12,664 )
 
           
Premises and equipment, net
  $ 133,005     $ 2,286  
 
           
The Company depreciates premises and equipment over useful lives with a range of three to seven years. The Company recorded depreciation and amortization of $5.3 million and $5.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the same periods during 2010, respectively.
Included in computer hardware and software is internally-developed software obtained by the Company through the acquisition of Green Tree. The software was recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition and has a net carrying amount at September 30, 2011 of $118.9 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, amortization expense was $4.4 million. The software has an estimated useful life of seven years. Provided below is an estimate of amortization expected to be expensed over the next five years and thereafter (in thousands):
         
    Amortization  
    Expense  
For the remainder of 2011
  $ 4,410  
2012
    17,641  
2013
    17,641  
2014
    17,641  
2015
    17,641  
2016
    17,606  
Thereafter
    26,360  
 
     
Total
  $ 118,940  
 
     

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12. Other Assets and Accounts Payable and Other Accrued Liabilities
Other assets consist of the following (in thousands):
                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
Real estate owned, net
  $ 55,545     $ 67,629  
Deferred debt issuance costs on:
               
2011 Term Loans and Revolver (Note 14)
    25,933        
Mortgage-backed debt
    21,460       19,424  
Prepaid and other
    16,496       3,938  
 
           
Total other assets
  $ 119,434     $ 90,991  
 
           
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
Payables to insurance carriers
  $ 51,748     $  
Acquisition related escrow funds payable to seller
    50,000        
Employee related liabilities
    30,491       7,065  
Uncertain tax positions
    16,918       14,499  
Mandatory repurchase obligation
    13,638        
Accrued professional fees related to certain securitizations
    10,061        
Accrued interest on mortgage-backed debt carried at amortized cost
    9,371       8,122  
Other
    42,002       12,076  
 
           
Total accounts payable and other accrued liabilities
  $ 224,229     $ 41,762  
 
           
13. Servicing Advance Liabilities
Servicer Advance Reimbursement Agreement
In October 2009, Green Tree entered into a Servicer Advance Reimbursement Agreement. This agreement is for the early reimbursement of certain principal and interest and protective advances that are the responsibility of the Company under certain servicing agreements. The agreement specifies an early reimbursement limit of $100 million. The early reimbursement rates vary by product ranging from 80% to 95%. The cost of this agreement is based on LIBOR plus 2.50% against the amounts that were early reimbursed. The early reimbursement period expires on June 30, 2012, but can be automatically renewed on an annual basis. The balance outstanding under this agreement at September 30, 2011 was $56.4 million.
Receivables Loan Agreement
In July 2009, Green Tree entered into a three-year Receivables Loan Agreement collateralized by certain principal and interest advances and protective advances reimbursable from securitization trusts serviced by the Company. The principal and interest payments on these notes are paid using the cash flows from the underlying advances. Accordingly, the timing of the principal payments is dependent on the payments received on the underlying advances that collateralize the notes. The Company is able to pledge new advances to the facility up to an outstanding note balance of $75 million. The advance rates on this facility vary by product type ranging from 70% to 91.5%. The interest rate on this agreement is based on LIBOR plus 6.50%. The facility matures in July 2012. The balance outstanding under this agreement at September 30, 2011 was $49.3 million.
Servicing Advance Financing Facilities
As of November 11, 2008, Marix entered into a Servicing Advance Financing Facility Agreement, or the Servicing Facility. The note rate on the Servicing Facility is LIBOR plus 6.00%. The facility was originally set to terminate on September 30, 2010, but was extended as part of the Marix purchase agreement for six months to March 31, 2011. The maximum borrowing capacity on the Servicing Facility was $8.0 million.
On September 9, 2009, Marix entered into a second Servicing Advance Financing Facility Agreement, or Second Facility. The rate on the Second Facility was converted from one-month LIBOR plus 6.00% to one-month LIBOR plus 3.50% on March 31, 2010. The facility was set to terminate on March 31, 2010, but was extended for twelve months to March 31, 2011. The maximum borrowing capacity on the Second Facility was $2.5 million.
The collateral for these servicing advance facilities represents servicing advances on mortgage loans serviced by Marix for investors managed by or otherwise affiliated with the seller of Marix, and such advances include principal and interest, taxes and insurance, and corporate advances. During the first quarter of 2011, the Company retired these servicing advance facilities.

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14. Debt
The following table summarizes the components of debt (in thousands):
                 
    September 30, 2011  
            Weighted-  
    Amortized     Average Stated  
    Cost     Interest Rate(1)  
Debt
               
Unpaid principal balance
               
First lien term loan
  $ 500,000       7.75 %
Second lien term loan
    265,000       12.50 %
Revolver
    13,000       7.75 %
Mortgage servicing rights credit agreement
    12,216       2.72 %
 
             
Total debt unpaid principal balance
    790,216       9.27 %
Discount
    (15,931 )        
 
             
Total debt
  $ 774,285          
 
             
 
(1)   Represents the weighted-average stated interest rate for the period through the respective date, which may be different from the effective rate due to the amortization of discounts and issuance costs. All debt instruments are variable rate.
The effective yield on debt, which includes the amortization of discount and debt issuance costs, was 10.75% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011.
The following table provides the contractual debt maturities of debt, excluding the Revolver, at September 30, 2011 (in thousands):
         
    Debt  
For the remainder of 2011
  $ 21,368  
2012
    84,598  
2013
    75,000  
2014
    75,000  
2015
    75,000  
2016
    446,250  
 
     
Total
  $ 777,216  
 
     
Term Loans and Revolver
On July 1, 2011, the Company entered into a $500 million first lien senior secured term loan and a $265 million second lien senior secured term loan, or 2011 Term Loans, to partially fund the acquisition of Green Tree. Also on July 1, 2011, the Company entered into a $45 million senior secured revolving credit facility, or Revolver. The Company’s obligations under the 2011 Term Loans and Revolver are guaranteed by substantially all assets of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries. The 2011 Term Loans and Revolver contain customary events of default and covenants, including among other things, financial covenants, covenants that restrict the Company and its subsidiaries’ ability to incur certain additional indebtedness, create or permit liens on assets, pay dividends and repurchase stock, engage in mergers or consolidations, and make investments. At September 30, 2011, the Company is in compliance with these covenants.
The table below describes the terms of the 2011 Term Loans and Revolver.
             
Debt Agreement   Interest Rate   Amortization   Maturity/Expiration
$500 million first lien term loan
  LIBOR plus 6.25%, LIBOR floor of 1.50%   3.75% per quarter beginning 4th quarter of 2011; remainder at final maturity   June 30, 2016
 
           
$265 million second lien term loan
  LIBOR plus 11.00%, LIBOR floor of 1.50%   Bullet payment at maturity   December 31, 2016
 
           
$45 million revolver
  LIBOR plus 6.25%, LIBOR floor of 1.50%   Not applicable   June 30, 2016
The 2011 Term Loans and Revolver have a minimum London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, floor of 1.50%. The first lien agreement requires the Company to prepay outstanding principal with 50% or 75% of excess cash flow as defined by the credit agreement when the Company’s total leverage ratio is less than or equal to 3.0 or greater than 3.0, respectively. These excess cash flow payments will be made during the first quarter of each fiscal year beginning in 2013. In addition, in the case of settlement of the first lien prior to scheduled maturity, excess cash flow payments based on terms similar to those of the first lien agreement would be required for the second lien. The commitment fee on the unused portion of the Revolver is 0.75% per year. The Company recognized $27.5 million in deferred debt issuance costs associated with the issuance of this debt
The Company purchased interest rate caps and a swaption with initial notional amounts of $391 million and $175 million, respectively, as economic hedges to protect against changes in the interest rate on the 2011 Term Loans. The caps have a rate of 2.5% through December 2013 and 3.25% in calendar year 2014. The swaption has no current rate and could be exercised in March 2015 at a 7% fixed payer rate. Changes in the fair value of these economic hedges are recorded in net fair value losses in the consolidated statements of operations.

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Mortgage Servicing Rights Credit Agreement
In November 2009, Green Tree entered into a Mortgage Servicing Rights Credit Agreement to finance the purchase of certain servicing rights. The note is secured by the servicing rights purchased and requires equal monthly payments for 36 months. The interest rate on this agreement is based on LIBOR plus 2.50%. The facility expires in November 2012.
Other Credit Agreements
In April 2009, the Company entered into a syndicated credit agreement, a revolving credit agreement and security agreement, and a support letter of credit agreement. All three of these agreements were due to mature on April 20, 2011. These agreements were terminated by the Company on or before April 6, 2011.
15. Mortgage-Backed Debt and Related Collateral
Mortgage-Backed Debt
Mortgage-backed debt consists of debt issued by the Residual and Non-Residual Trusts that have been consolidated by the Company. The mortgage-backed debt of the Residual Trusts is carried at amortized cost while the mortgage-backed debt of the Non-Residual Trusts is carried at fair value. Refer to Note 4 for further information regarding the consolidated Residual and Non-Residual Trusts.
Provided in the table below is information regarding the mortgage-backed debt issued by the consolidated Residual and Non-Residual Trusts (in thousands):
                         
                    Weighted-  
                    Average Stated  
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010     Interest Rate  
Residual Trusts
                       
Unpaid principal balance
  $ 1,439,497     $ 1,286,780       6.75 %
Discount
    (1,619 )     (5,225 )        
 
                   
Total Residual Trusts at amortized cost
    1,437,878       1,281,555          
 
                   
Non-Residual Trusts
                       
Unpaid principal balance
    945,391             7.93 %
Fair value adjustment
    (114,903 )              
 
                   
Total Non-Residual Trusts at fair value
    830,488                
 
                   
Total mortgage-backed debt
  $ 2,268,366     $ 1,281,555       7.21 %
 
                   
Borrower remittances received on the residential loans collateralizing this debt and draws under LOCs serving as credit enhancements to certain Non-Residual Trusts are used to make the principal and interest payments due on the mortgage-backed debt. The maturity of the mortgage-backed debt is directly affected by principal prepayments on the collateral. As a result, the actual maturity of the mortgage-backed debt is likely to occur earlier than the stated maturity. Certain of the Company’s mortgage-backed debt issued by the Residual Trusts is also subject to redemption according to specific terms of the respective indenture agreements. The mortgage-backed debt issued by the Non-Residual Trusts is subject to mandatory clean-up call options for which the Company is obligated to exercise at the earliest possible call dates, which is the date the principal amount of each loan pool falls to 10% of the original principal amount.
     Residual Trusts
The Residual Trusts consist of the consolidated securitization trusts that are beneficially owned by the Company. These trusts have issued mortgage-backed and asset-backed notes, or the Trust Notes, consisting of both public debt offerings and private offerings with final maturities ranging from 2029 to 2050.
In May 2011, the Company sold its Class B secured notes that had been issued on November 22, 2010 by Mid-State Capital Trust 2010-1 and held by the Company, increasing mortgage-backed debt by $85.1 million.
In June 2011, the Company sponsored a $102 million residential subprime mortgage securitization and consolidated the WIMC Capital Trust 2011-1, or Trust 2011-1. The Company determined it is the primary beneficiary of the trust as its ongoing loss mitigation and resolution responsibilities provide the Company with the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact its economic performance. In addition, the Company’s investment in the subordinate debt and residual interests issued by the trust provide it with the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits both of which could potentially be significant. Accordingly, the loans in the trust remain on the consolidated balance sheets as residential loans and the mortgage-backed debt issued by the trust has been recognized as a liability.
In June 2011, the Company reissued $36 million in mortgage-backed debt that had previously been extinguished.
The Residual Trusts, with the exception of Trust 2011-1, contain provisions that require the cash payments received from the underlying residential loans be applied to reduce the principal balance of the Trust Notes unless certain overcollateralization or other similar targets are satisfied. The Residual Trusts also contain delinquency and loss triggers, that, if exceeded, allocate any excess overcollateralization to paying down the outstanding principal balance of the Trust Notes for that particular securitization at an accelerated pace. Assuming no servicer trigger events have occurred and the overcollateralization targets have been met, any excess cash is released to the Company either monthly or quarterly, in accordance with the terms of the respective underlying trust agreements. For Trust 2011-1, principal and interest payments are not paid on the subordinate note or residual interests, which are held by the Company, until all amounts due on the senior notes are fully paid.
Since January 2008, Mid-State Trust 2006-1 has exceeded certain triggers and has not provided any excess cash flow to the Company. The delinquency rate for the trigger calculations, which includes real estate owned, was 10.71% at September 30, 2011 compared to a trigger level of 8.00%. The delinquency trigger for Mid-State Trust 2005-1 and Trust X were exceeded in November 2009 and October 2006, respectively, and cured in 2010. With the exception of Trust 2006-1, which exceeded its trigger and the cured Trust 2005-1 and Trust X, none of the Company’s other Residual Trusts have reached the levels of underperformance that would result in a trigger breach causing a delay in cash releases.
     Non-Residual Trusts
As a result of the acquisition of Green Tree, the Company has consolidated ten trusts for which it is the servicer, but does not hold any residual interests. The Company is obligated to exercise mandatory clean-up call obligations for these trusts and expects to call these securitizations beginning in 2017 through 2019.

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Collateral for Mortgage-Backed Debt
At September 30, 2011, the Residual and Non-Residual Trusts have an aggregate of $2.4 billion of principal in outstanding debt, which is collateralized by $2.9 billion of assets, including residential loans, receivables related to Non-Residual Trusts, real estate owned, net and restricted cash and cash equivalents. For seven of the ten Non-Residual Trusts, LOCs were provided as credit enhancements to these securitizations and, accordingly, the securitization trusts will draw on these LOCs if there are not enough cash flows from the underlying collateral to pay the debt holders. The notional amount of expected draws under the LOCs at September 30, 2011 was $86.8 million. The fair value of the expected draws of $80.6 million has been recognized as receivables related to Non-Residual Trusts on the consolidated balance sheet. All of the Company’s mortgage-backed debt is non-recourse and not cross-collateralized and, therefore, must be satisfied exclusively from the proceeds of the residential loans and real estate owned held in each securitization trust and from the draws on the LOCs for certain Non-Residual Trusts.
The following table summarizes the collateral for the mortgage-backed debt (in thousands):
                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
Residential loans of securitization trusts, principal balance
  $ 2,724,027     $ 1,682,138  
Receivables related to Non-Residual Trusts
    80,565        
Real estate owned, net
    39,018       38,234  
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
    59,374       42,859  
 
           
Total mortgage-backed debt collateral
  $ 2,902,984     $ 1,763,231  
 
           
16. Servicing Revenue and Fees
The Company services residential mortgage loans, manufactured housing and consumer installment loans for itself and third-party investors. The Company earns servicing income from its third-party servicing portfolio. The following table presents servicing revenue and fees (in thousands):
                 
    For the Three     For the Nine  
    Months Ended     Months Ended  
    September 30, 2011     September 30, 2011  
Servicing fees
  $ 57,893     $ 59,846  
Incentive and performance fees
    24,013       27,475  
Ancillary and other fees (1)
    6,106       6,938  
 
           
Servicing revenue and fees
  $ 88,012     $ 94,259  
 
           
 
(1)   Includes late fees of $1.7 million and $2.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively.
The Company’s geographic diversification of its third-party servicing portfolio, based on outstanding unpaid principal balance, is as follows (in thousands, except for number of loans):
                                                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
    Number of     Unpaid Principal     Percentage of     Number of     Unpaid Principal     Percentage of  
    Loans     Balance     Total     Loans     Balance     Total  
California
    77,913     $ 10,628,678       18.8 %     700     $ 291,192       21.6 %
Florida
    67,203       6,843,990       12.1       882       216,300       16.0  
Arizona
    30,049       3,068,358       5.4       109       26,512       2.0  
New York
    20,525       1,408,300       2.5       422       163,466       12.1  
New Jersey
    11,154       987,261       1.7       232       71,875       5.3  
Other < 5%
    639,879       33,568,460       59.5       3,194       578,984       43.0  
 
                                   
Total
    846,723     $ 56,505,047       100.0 %     5,539     $ 1,348,329       100.0 %
 
                                   
17. Share-Based Compensation
Effective May 10, 2011, the Company established the 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan, or the 2011 Plan, which amends and restates the prior plan, the 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan. The 2011 Plan permits the grants of stock options, restricted stock and other awards to the Company’s officers, employees and consultants, including directors; increases the number of authorized shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the plan by 3,550,000 shares; and extends the term of the plan to May 10, 2021.
During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Company granted 735,886 stock options that vest ratably over a 3-year term based upon a service condition. The fair value of the stock options of $8.09 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and related assumptions. No grants were made during the three months ended September 30, 2011. The Company’s share-based compensation expense has been reflected in the consolidated statements of operations in salaries and benefits expense.

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18. Income Taxes
From 2009 through June 30, 2011, the Company operated as a REIT. As a result of the acquisition of Green Tree, the Company no longer qualifies as a REIT. The Company’s failure to qualify as a REIT was retroactive to January 1, 2011 and the Company is now subject to U.S. federal income and applicable state and local tax at regular corporate rates. The Company recognized the deferred tax effects of being taxed as a C corporation on July 1, 2011. During the period the Company operated as a REIT, the Company was generally not subject to federal income tax at the REIT level on the net taxable income distributed to stockholders, but the Company was subject to federal corporate-level tax on the net taxable income of taxable REIT subsidiaries, and was subject to taxation in various state and local jurisdictions. In addition, the Company was required to distribute at least 90% of the Company’s REIT taxable income to stockholders and to meet various other requirements imposed by the Internal Revenue Code.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, the Company recorded income tax expense of $58.8 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and $58.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively. The increase in income tax expense for 2011 was largely due to the loss of REIT status as a result of the acquisition of Green Tree, which resulted in the establishment of deferred tax assets and liabilities.
Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following components (in thousands):
                                 
    For the Three Months     For the Nine Months  
    Ended September 30,     Ended September 30,  
    2011     2010     2011     2010  
Current
                               
Federal
  $ 11,952     $ 286     $ 11,897     $ 782  
State and local
    1,272       30       1,338       81  
 
                       
Current income tax expense
    13,224       316       13,235       863  
 
Deferred
                               
Federal
    39,579       (4 )     39,629       (35 )
State and local
    5,995             6,002        
 
                       
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
    45,574       (4 )     45,631       (35 )
 
                       
 
Total income tax expense
  $ 58,798     $ 312     $ 58,866     $ 828  
 
                       
The income tax expense at the Company’s effective tax rate differed from the statutory tax rate as follows (in thousands):
                                 
    For the Three Months     For the Nine Months  
    Ended September 30,     Ended September 30,  
    2011     2010     2011     2010  
Income (loss) before income taxes
  $ (2,964 )   $ 9,998     $ (2,801 )   $ 27,189  
 
                       
 
Tax provision at statutory tax rate of 35%
  $ (1,037 )   $ 3,499     $ (980 )   $ 9,516  
Effect of:
                               
Impact of loss of REIT qualification
    59,798           59,798      
REIT income not subject to federal income tax
          (3,220 )           (8,754 )
Other
    37       33       48       66  
 
                       
Tax expense recognized
  $ 58,798     $ 312     $ 58,866     $ 828  
 
                       

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Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the basis differences between assets and liabilities measured for financial reporting versus income-tax return purposes. The following table summarizes the significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities:
                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
Deferred tax assets
               
Capital loss carryforwards
  $ 23,060      
Mandatory call obligation
    19,693        
Mandatory repurchase obligation
    5,364        
Unrecognized tax benefits
    5,101        
Accrued professional fees related to certain securitizations
    3,859        
Accrued expenses
    5,755       514  
Green Tree acquisition costs
    4,537        
Net operating loss carryforwards
    3,575       3,337  
Share-based compensation
    2,500        
Other
    6,776       1,764  
 
           
Total deferred tax assets
    80,220       5,615  
Valuation allowance
    (25,184 )     (5,101 )
 
           
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
    55,036       514  
Deferred tax liabilites
               
Net investment in residential loans
    (57,000 )      
Servicing rights
    (20,614 )      
Goodwill
    (6,669 )      
Intangible assets
    (3,296 )      
Deferred debt issuance costs
    (9,762 )      
Consolidated VIEs
    (3,350 )      
Other
    (4,279 )     (293 )
 
           
Total deferred tax liabilities
    (104,970 )     (293 )
 
           
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
  $ (49,934 )   $ 221  
 
           
The deferred tax assets for the respective periods were assessed for recoverability and, where applicable, a valuation allowance was recorded to reduce the total deferred tax asset to an amount that will more-likely-than-not be realized in the future. The valuation allowance relates primarily to certain capital loss carryforwards for which we have concluded it is more-likely-than-not that these items will not be realized in the ordinary course of operations.
Income Tax Exposure
A dispute exists with regard to federal income taxes owed by the Walter Energy consolidated group. The Company was part of the Walter Energy consolidated group prior to the spin-off from Walter Energy on April 17, 2009. As such, the Company is jointly and severally liable with Walter Energy for any final taxes, interest and/or penalties owed by the Walter Energy consolidated group during the time that the Company was a part of the Walter Energy consolidated group. According to Walter Energy’s most recent public filing on Form 10-Q, they state that the IRS has filed a proof of claim for a substantial amount of taxes, interest and penalties with respect to fiscal years ended August 31, 1983 through May 31, 1994. The public filing goes on to disclose that the issues have been litigated in bankruptcy court and that an opinion was issued by the court in June 2010 as to the remaining disputed issues. The filing further states that the amounts initially asserted by the IRS do not reflect the subsequent resolution of various issues through settlements or concessions by the parties. Walter Energy believes that those portions of the claim which remain in dispute or are subject to appeal substantially overstate the amount of taxes allegedly owing. However, because of the complexity of the issues presented and the uncertainties associated with litigation, Walter Energy is unable to predict the outcome of the adversary proceeding. Finally, Walter Energy believes that all of its current and prior tax filing positions have substantial merit and intends to defend vigorously any tax claims asserted and that they believe that they have sufficient accruals to address any claims, including interest and penalties. Under the terms of the Tax Separation Agreement between the Company and Walter Energy dated April 17, 2009, Walter Energy is responsible for the payment of all federal income taxes (including any interest or penalties applicable thereto) of the consolidated group, which includes the aforementioned claims of the IRS. However, to the extent that Walter Energy is unable to pay any amounts owed, the Company could be responsible for any unpaid amounts.
In addition, Walter Energy’s most recent public filing disclosed that the IRS completed an audit of Walter Energy’s federal income tax returns for the years ended May 31, 2000 through December 31, 2005. The Company’s predecessors were included within Walter Energy during these years. The IRS issued 30-Day Letters to Walter Energy proposing changes for these tax years which Walter Energy has protested. Walter Energy’s filing states that the disputed issues in this audit period are similar to the issues remaining in the above-referenced dispute and therefore Walter Energy believes that its financial exposure for these years is limited to interest and possible penalties; however, the Company has no knowledge as to the extent of the claim. In addition, Walter Energy reports that the IRS has begun an audit of Walter Energy’s tax returns filed for 2006 through 2008, however, because the examination is in its early stages Walter Energy cannot estimate the amount of any resulting tax deficiency, if any.
The Tax Separation Agreement also provides that Walter Energy is responsible for the preparation and filing of any tax returns for the consolidated group for the periods when the Company was part of the Walter Energy consolidated group. This arrangement may result in conflicts between Walter Energy and the Company. In addition, the spin-off of the Company from Walter Energy was intended to qualify as a tax-free spin-off under Section 355 of the Code. The Tax Separation Agreement provides generally that if the spin-off is determined not to be tax-free pursuant to Section 355 of the Code, any taxes imposed on Walter Energy or a Walter Energy shareholder as a result of such determination (“Distribution Taxes”) which are the result of the acts or omissions of Walter Energy or its affiliates, will be the responsibility of Walter Energy. However, should Distribution Taxes result from the acts or omissions of the Company or its affiliates, such Distribution Taxes will be the responsibility of the Company. The Tax Separation Agreement goes on to provide that Walter Energy and the Company shall be jointly liable, pursuant to a designated allocation formula, for any Distribution Taxes that are not specifically allocated to Walter Energy or the Company. To the extent that Walter Energy is unable or unwilling to pay any Distribution Taxes for which it is responsible under the Tax

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Separation Agreement, the Company could be liable for those taxes as a result of being a member of the Walter Energy consolidated group for the year in which the spin-off occurred. The Tax Separation Agreement also provides for payments from Walter Energy in the event that an additional taxable dividend is required to cure a REIT disqualification from the determination of a shortfall in the distribution of non-REIT earnings and profits made immediately following the spin-off. As with Distribution Taxes, the Company will be responsible for this dividend if Walter Energy is unable or unwilling to pay.
Uncertain Tax Positions
The Company recognizes tax benefits in accordance with the guidance concerning uncertainty in income taxes. This guidance establishes a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold that must be met before a tax benefit can be recognized in the financial statements. As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $9.0 million and $7.7 million, respectively.
19. Equity and Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Common Stock Issuance
On July 1, 2011, the Company issued 1,812,532 shares to partially fund the acquisition of Green Tree. As part of the Green Tree purchase agreement, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on August 29, 2011 covering the resale of the 1,812,532 shares received by the prior owners of Green Tree. See Note 3 for further information.
Dividends on Common Stock
The Company’s dividend restriction covenant related to the 2011 Term Loans limits the sum of cash dividends in any fiscal year to $2 million plus 5% of Adjusted Consolidated Net Income, as defined therein, for the preceding fiscal year conditioned on there being no consequential default or event of default on terms of the related agreements and a leverage ratio less than 2.50 to 1.00 immediately before and after the declaration.
On September 12, 2011, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a one-time special dividend of $6.2 million payable to the holders of record on September 22, 2011. The $0.22423 per share special dividend will be payable on November 15, 2011 and will be made in newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock unless the recipient requests to receive the distribution in cash; provided, however, that the aggregate amount of cash to be paid out in the distribution to all stockholders will not exceed 10% of the aggregate amount paid, or $0.6 million.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 was $62.2 million and $62.3 million, respectively. Comprehensive income was $9.5 million and $25.8 million for the same periods in the prior year, respectively.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share (EPS)
Unvested share-based payment awards that include non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents, whether paid or unpaid, are considered participating securities. As a result, the awards are required to be included in the calculation of basic earnings per common share pursuant to the two-class method. For the Company, participating securities are comprised of certain unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units.
Under the two-class method, net income is reduced by the amount of dividends declared in the period for common stock and participating securities. The remaining undistributed earnings are then allocated to common stock and participating securities as if all of the net income for the period had been distributed. Basic earnings per share excludes dilution and is calculated by dividing net income allocable to common shares by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income allocable to common shares by the weighted-average number of common shares for the period, as adjusted for the potential dilutive effect of non-participating share-based awards.
The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS computations shown on the face of the consolidated statements of operations (in thousands, except per share data):
                                 
    For the Three Months     For the Nine Months  
    Ended September 30,     Ended September 30,  
    2011     2010     2011     2010  
Basic earnings (loss) per share
                               
Net income (loss)
  $ (61,762 )   $ 9,686     $ (61,667 )   $ 26,361  
Less: net income allocated to unvested participating securities
          (127 )           (363 )
 
                       
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders (numerator)
    (61,762 )     9,559       (61,667 )     25,998  
Weighted-average common shares
    27,633       25,734       26,423       25,699  
Add: vested participating securities
    858       740       828       712  
 
                       
Total weighted-average common shares outstanding (denominator)
    28,491       26,474       27,251       26,411  
 
                       
Basic earnings (loss) per share
  $ (2.17 )   $ 0.36     $ (2.26 )   $ 0.98  
 
                       
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
                               
Net income (loss)
  $ (61,762 )   $ 9,686     $ (61,667 )   $ 26,361  
Less: net income allocated to unvested participating securities
          (127 )           (362 )
 
                       
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders (numerator)
    (61,762 )     9,559       (61,667 )     25,999  
Weighted-average common shares
    27,633       25,734       26,423       25,699  
Add: vested participating securities
    858       740       828       712  
Add: dilutive effect of stock options
          96               82  
 
                       
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding (denominator)
    28,491       26,570       27,251       26,493  
 
                       
Diluted earnings (loss) per share
  $ (2.17 )   $ 0.36     $ (2.26 )   $ 0.98  
 
                       

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The Company’s unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units are considered participating securities. During periods of net income, the calculation of earnings per share for common stock is adjusted to exclude the income attributable to the unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units from the numerator and exclude the dilutive impact of those shares from the denominator. During periods of net loss, no effect is given to the participating securities because they do not share in the losses of the Company. Due to the net loss recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, participating securities in the amount of 0.3 million and 0.2 million, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share because the effect would be antidilutive.
The calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share does not include 0.7 million in options for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 0.1 million and 0.2 million in options for the same periods in 2010, respectively, because their effect would have been antidilutive.
20. Segment Reporting
As a result of the acquisition of Green Tree on July 1, 2011, management has organized the Company into three reportable segments based primarily on its services as follows:
    Servicing — consists of operations that perform servicing for third-party investors of residential mortgages, manufactured housing and consumer installment loans and contracts, as well as for the Loans and Residuals segment and for the Non-Residual Trusts.
 
    Insurance — consists of operations providing voluntary and forced-placed insurance for residential real estate, as well as life and health insurance products to third-parties and to the Loans and Residuals segment through insurance agencies and a reinsurer.
 
    Loans and Residuals — consists of the Company’s residential loan portfolio, real estate owned and related debt which includes its residual interests in the assets of the Residual Trusts.
 
    Other — consists primarily of origination and investment management activities.
In order to reconcile the financial results for our operating segments to the consolidated results, the Company has presented the revenue and expenses and total assets of the Non-Residual Trusts, as well as certain corporate expenses in Non-Residual Trusts and Corporate. In addition, intersegment servicing and insurance revenues and expenses have been eliminated. Intersegment revenues are recognized on the same basis of accounting as such revenue is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations.
Presented in the tables below are the Company’s financial results by reportable segment reconciled to the consolidated income (loss) before income taxes and total assets by reportable segment reconciled to consolidated total assets (in thousands). Core earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 have been omitted from the tables below as there are no material applicable adjustments.
                                                         
    For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2011  
    Business Segments     Non-Residual              
                    Loans and             Trusts and              
    Servicing     Insurance     Residuals     Other     Corporate     Eliminations     Total Consolidated  
REVENUES
                                                       
Servicing revenue and fees
  $ 95,711     $     $     $     $     $ (7,699 )   $ 88,012  
Interest income on loans
                41,174             65             41,239  
Insurance revenue
          17,787                         (833 )     16,954  
Other income
    1,521       751             2,363       300             4,935  
 
                                         
Total revenues
    97,232       18,538       41,174       2,363       365       (8,532 )     151,140  
EXPENSES
                                                       
Interest expense
    1,093       334       24,781             21,128             47,336  
Provision for loan losses
                1,865                         1,865  
Depreciation and amortization
    25,053       917             72                   26,042  
Other expenses, net
    57,871       11,112       8,445       2,106       6,455       (8,532 )     77,457  
 
                                         
Total expenses
    84,017       12,363       35,091       2,178       27,583       (8,532 )     152,700  
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
                                                       
Net fair value losses
    (650 )                       (754 )           (1,404 )
 
                                         
Total other income (expense)
    (650 )                       (754 )           (1,404 )
 
                                         
Income (loss) before income taxes
    12,565       6,175       6,083       185       (27,972 )           (2,964 )
CORE EARNINGS
                                                       
Step-up depreciation and amortization
    20,289       837                               21,126  
Net impact of VIEs
                            3,686             3,686  
Transaction and integration costs
    45       9             1       3,475             3,530  
Non-cash interest expense
    649       334       281             18             1,282  
 
                                         
Total adjustments
    20,983       1,180       281       1       7,179             29,624  
 
                                         
Core earnings before income taxes
  $ 33,548     $ 7,355     $ 6,364     $ 186     $ (20,793 )   $     $ 26,660  
 
                                         
   
September 30, 2011
 
                                         
Total assets
  $ 1,341,043     $ 165,132     $ 1,629,732     $ 6,691     $ 954,291     $     $ 4,096,889  
 
                                         
Revenues from the largest customer of the Servicing segment represent $17.8 million of the Company’s consolidated total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2011.

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    For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2010  
    Business Segments     Non-Residual              
                    Loans and             Trusts and              
    Servicing     Insurance     Residuals     Other     Corporate     Eliminations     Total Consolidated  
REVENUES
                                                       
Servicing revenue and fees
  $ 3,891     $     $     $     $     $ (3,891 )   $  
Interest income on loans
                41,307                         41,307  
Insurance revenue
          3,016                         (1,238 )     1,778  
Other income
    122       107             208                   437  
 
                                         
Total revenues
    4,013       3,123       41,307       208             (5,129 )     43,522  
EXPENSES
                                                       
Interest expense
                20,176                         20,176  
Provision for loan losses
                1,377                         1,377  
Depreciation and amortization
    59                                     59  
Other expenses, net
    6,980       3,150       8,288       303             (5,129 )     13,592  
 
                                         
Total expenses
    7,039       3,150       29,841       303             (5,129 )     35,204  
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
                                                       
Other
                1,680                         1,680  
 
                                         
Total other income (expense)
                1,680                         1,680  
 
                                         
Income (loss) before income taxes
  $ (3,026 )   $ (27 )   $ 13,146     $ (95 )   $     $     $ 9,998  
 
                                         
   
September 30, 2010
 
                                         
Total assets
  $ 71,487     $ 16,180     $ 1,703,886     $     $     $     $ 1,791,553  
 
                                         
                                                         
    For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
    Business Segments            
                    Loans and           Non-Residual Trusts        
    Servicing   Insurance   Residuals   Other   and Corporate   Eliminations   Total Consolidated
REVENUES
                                                       
Servicing revenue and fees
  $ 111,710     $     $     $     $     $ (17,451 )   $ 94,259  
Interest income on loans
                124,558             65             124,623  
Insurance revenue
          22,903                         (1,780 )     21,123  
Other income
    2,220       755             2,848       300             6,123  
     
Total revenues
    113,930       23,658       124,558       2,848       365       (19,231 )     246,128  
EXPENSES
                                                       
Interest expense
    1,093       334       66,834             21,128             89,389  
Provision for loan losses
                3,365                         3,365  
Depreciation and amortization
    25,413       917             72                   26,402  
Other expenses, net
    82,642       19,507       23,934       2,708       18,904       (19,231 )     128,464  
     
Total expenses
    109,148       20,758       94,133       2,780       40,032       (19,231 )     247,620  
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
                                                       
Net fair value losses
    (650 )                       (754 )           (1,404 )
Other
                95                         95  
     
Total other income (expense)
    (650 )           95             (754 )           (1,309 )
     
Income (loss) before income taxes
    4,132       2,900       30,520       68       (40,421 )           (2,801 )
CORE EARNINGS
                                                       
Step-up depreciation and amortization
    20,289       837                               21,126  
Net impact of VIEs
                            3,686             3,686  
Transaction and integration costs
    45       9             1       15,925             15,980  
Non-cash interest expense
    649       334       919             18             1,920  
     
Total adjustments
    20,983       1,180       919       1       19,629             42,712  
     
Core earnings before income taxes
  $ 25,115     $ 4,080     $ 31,439     $ 69     $ (20,792 )   $     $ 39,911  
     

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    For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010  
    Business Segments     Non-Residual              
                    Loans and             Trusts and              
    Servicing     Insurance     Residuals     Other     Corporate     Eliminations     Total Consolidated  
REVENUES
                                                       
Servicing revenue and fees
  $ 13,822     $     $     $     $     $ (13,822 )   $  
Interest income on loans
                124,817                         124,817  
Insurance revenue
          9,228                         (2,592 )     6,636  
Other income
    437       318             1,458                   2,213  
 
                                         
Total revenues
    14,259       9,546       124,817       1,458             (16,414 )     133,666  
EXPENSES
                                                       
Interest expense
                61,871                         61,871  
Provision for loan losses
                4,541                         4,541  
Depreciation and amortization
    243                                     243  
Other expenses, net
    20,117       11,421       24,826       1,552             (16,414 )     41,502  
 
                                         
Total expenses
    20,360       11,421       91,238       1,552             (16,414 )     108,157  
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
                                                       
Other
                1,680                         1,680  
 
                                         
Total other income (expense)
                1,680                         1,680  
 
                                         
Income (loss) before income taxes
  $ (6,101 )   $ (1,875 )   $ 35,259     $ (94 )   $     $     $ 27,189  
 
                                         

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21. Commitments and Contingencies
Transactions with Walter Energy
Following the spin-off from Walter Energy in 2009, the Company and Walter Energy have operated independently, and neither has any ownership interest in the other. In order to allocate responsibility for overlapping or related aspects of their businesses, the Company and Walter Energy entered into certain agreements pursuant to which the Company and Walter Energy assume responsibility for various aspects of their businesses and agree to indemnify one another against certain liabilities that may arise from their respective businesses, including liabilities relating to certain tax and litigation exposure.
Mandatory Repurchase Obligation
The Company has a mandatory repurchase obligation for two securitization trusts. Under this obligation, the Company is required to repurchase loans at par from the trusts when loans become 90 days past due. The total loans outstanding in these two securitizations were $96.3 million at September 30, 2011. The Company has estimated the fair value of this contingent liability at September 30, 2011 as $13.6 million, which is included in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The fair value was estimated based on prepayment, default and severity rate assumptions related to the historical and projected performance of the underlying loans. The Company estimates that the undiscounted losses to be incurred from the mandatory repurchase obligation over the remaining lives of the securitizations are $20.4 million at September 30, 2011.
Accrued Professional Fees Related to Certain Securitizations
The Company has a contingent liability related to payments for certain professional fees that it will be required to make over the remaining life of various securitizations, which are based in part on the outstanding principal balance of the debt issued by theses trusts. At September 30, 2011, the Company has estimated the fair value of this contingent liability at $10.1 million, which is included in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The fair value was estimated based on prepayment, default and severity rate assumptions related to the historical and projected performance of the underlying loans. The Company estimates that the gross amount of payments it expects to pay over the remaining lives of the securitizations is $14.9 million at September 30, 2011.
Letter of Credit Reimbursement Obligation
The Company has an obligation to reimburse a third party for the final $165 million in LOCs if drawn for an aggregate of eleven securitization trusts on the LOCs issued to these trusts by a third party. Seven of these securitization trusts were consolidated on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at July 1, 2011 due to the Company’s mandatory clean-up call obligation related to these trusts. The LOCs were provided as credit enhancements to these eleven securitizations and, accordingly, the securitization trusts will draw on these LOCs if there are not enough cash flows from the underlying collateral to pay the debt holders. The total amount available on these LOCs for all eleven securitization trusts was $302.9 million at September 30, 2011. Based on the Company’s estimates of the underlying performance of the collateral in these securitizations, the Company does not expect that the final $165 million will be drawn, and therefore, no liability for the fair value of this obligation has been recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, although actual performance may differ from this estimate in the future.
Mandatory Clean-Up Call Obligation
The Company is obligated to exercise the mandatory clean-up call obligations it assumed as part of an agreement to acquire the rights to service the loans in the Non-Residual Trusts. The Company expects to call these securitizations beginning in 2017 through 2019. The total outstanding balance of the collateral expected to be called at the respective call dates is $417.7 million.
Securities Sold with Recourse
In October 1998, Hanover Capital Mortgage Holdings, Inc., or Hanover, sold fifteen adjustable-rate FNMA certificates and nineteen fixed-rate FNMA certificates that the Company received in a swap for certain adjustable-rate and fixed-rate mortgage loans. These securities were sold with recourse. Accordingly, the Company retains credit risk with respect to the principal amount of these mortgage securities. At September 30, 2011, the unpaid principal balance of the twelve remaining mortgage securities was approximately $1.3 million.
Employment Agreements
At September 30, 2011, the Company had employment agreements with its senior officers, with varying terms that provide for, among other things, base salary, bonus, and change-in-control provisions that are subject to the occurrence of certain triggering events. During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, the Company also entered into contracts containing similar terms and conditions with three senior executives of Green Tree.
Miscellaneous Litigation
The Company is a party to a number of lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of its business. While the results of such litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes that the final outcome of such litigation will not have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and in our results for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K on March 8, 2011. Historical results and trends which might appear should not be taken as indicative of future operations, particularly in light of our recent acquisition of GTCS Holdings LLC, or Green Tree, discussed below. Our results of operations and financial condition, as reflected in the accompanying statements and related footnotes, are subject to management’s evaluation and interpretation of business conditions, changing capital market conditions, and other factors.
The Company’s website can be found at www.walterinvestment.com. The Company makes available, free of charge through the investor relations section of its website, access to its Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, other documents and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as well as proxy statements, as soon as reasonably practicable after it electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. The Company also makes available, free of charge, access to its Corporate Governance Standards, charters for its Audit Committee, Compensation and Human Resources Committee, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and its Code of Conduct governing its directors, officers, and employees. Within the time period required by the SEC and the NYSE Amex, the Company will post on its website any amendment to the Code of Conduct and any waiver applicable to any executive officer, director, or senior officer (as defined in the Code of Conduct). In addition, the Company’s website includes information concerning purchases and sales of its equity securities by its executive officers and directors, as well as disclosure relating to certain non-GAAP and financial measures (as defined by SEC Regulation G) that it may make public orally, telephonically, by webcast, by broadcast, or by similar means from time to time. The information on the Company’s website is not part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The Company’s Investor Relations Department can be contacted at 3000 Bayport Drive, Suite 1100, Tampa, FL 33607, Attn: Investor Relations, telephone (813) 421-7694.
Safe Harbor Statement Under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
The Green Tree acquisition was completed on July 1, 2011. On July 1, 2011, the Company also entered into credit agreements totaling $765 million of purchase financing for the Acquisition, plus a $45 million senior secured revolving credit facility. For further information on these transactions, see the Company’s filings with the SEC dated March 28 and 30, May 2, 18, and 22, June 22, and July 5 and 8, 2011. The risks related to our business changed in many material respects as a result of the Acquisition and revised risk factors reflecting those changes were included in Item 1A of our Form 10-Q for the second quarter of 2011 filed with the SEC on August 8, 2011, which are incorporated herein by reference.
Certain statements in this report, including, without limitation, matters discussed under Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” should be read in conjunction with the financial statements, related notes, and other detailed information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company is including this cautionary statement to make applicable and take advantage of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements. Certain of these forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” “estimates,” “assumes,” “may,” “should,” “will,” or other similar expressions. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors, which could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from future results, performance or achievements. These forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs, intentions and expectations. These statements are not guarantees or indicative of future performance. Important assumptions and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those factors, risks and uncertainties described in detail in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and as otherwise detailed from time to time in our other securities filings with the SEC.
In particular (but not by way of limitation), the following important factors and assumptions could affect the Company’s future results and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements: local, regional, national and global economic trends and developments in general, and local, regional and national real estate and residential mortgage market trends and developments in particular; risks related to the financing incurred in connection with the acquisition of Green Tree; future interest expense; the failure of our business to achieve expected synergies from the Green Tree acquisition; adverse reactions to our acquisition of Green Tree from current or potential customers; our inability to acquire new business; the impact of third parties on our ability to acquire new business; unanticipated delays in the acquisition of new business; fluctuations in interest rates and levels of mortgage prepayments; increases in costs and other general competitive factors; natural disasters and adverse weather conditions, especially to the extent they result in material payouts under insurance policies placed with our captive insurance subsidiary; changes in federal, state and local policies, laws and regulations affecting our business, including, without limitation, mortgage financing, increased performance standards and obligations applicable to servicing, changes to licensing requirements, changes to our insurance business, including the involuntary placement of insurance for mortgagors and/or the rights and obligations of property owners, mortgagees and tenants; the effectiveness of risk management strategies including the management and protection of private information of our customers and mortgage holders and the protection of our information systems from third-party interference (cyber-risk); unexpected losses resulting from pending, threatened or unforeseen litigation or other third-party claims against the Company; the ability or willingness of Walter Energy, Inc., or Walter Energy, and other counterparties to satisfy material obligations under agreements with the Company; our continued listing on the NYSE Amex; uninsured losses or losses in excess of insurance limits and the availability of adequate insurance coverage at reasonable costs and the effects of competition from a variety of national and other mortgage servicers.
All forward looking statements set forth herein are qualified by these cautionary statements and are made only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise the information contained herein, including without limitation any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or circumstances, or otherwise, unless otherwise required by law.
The Company
The Company is a mortgage servicer and mortgage portfolio owner specializing in credit-challenged, non-conforming residential loans in the United States, or U.S. The Company also operates a property and casualty insurance agency and reinsurer serving its residential loan customers.

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Acquisition of Green Tree
On March 28, 2011, we executed a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding ownership interests of Green Tree, or the Acquisition. The Acquisition was consummated on July 1, 2011. Green Tree, based in St. Paul, Minnesota, is a fee-based, business services company providing high-touch, third-party servicing of credit-sensitive consumer loans.
The purchase price of the Acquisition consisted of cash of approximately $1.1 billion and issuance of common stock with a fair value of $40.2 million. The cash portion of the purchase price was funded by monetizing certain existing assets and by the issuance of debt totaling $765 million.
The Acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method and accordingly, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values. Net assets with an estimated fair value of $1.1 billion were acquired by us, which included the recognition of preliminary estimates of goodwill of $468.2 million and identifiable intangible assets of $142.3 million. The estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the Acquisition are shown in Note 3 of the Notes to Financial Statements.
Pursuant to accounting guidance for variable interest entities, or VIEs, we were required to consolidate, at the acquisition date, ten securitization trusts for which Green Tree performs the servicing. We do not own any residual interests in these trusts, and thus, we refer to these trusts herein as the Non-Residual Trusts. We have elected to account for certain of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of the Non-Residual Trusts, which consist of residential loans, certain receivables and the mortgage-backed debt, at fair value. We own residual interests in the VIEs that were consolidated prior to the acquisition of Green Tree. We refer to these trusts herein as the Residual Trusts.
As a result of the Acquisition, management organized the Company into several business segments. Refer to Note 20 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Retroactive to January 1, 2011, the Company no longer qualifies as a Real Estate Investment Trust, or REIT, as a result of the acquisition of Green Tree.
Financial Condition — Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2011 to December 31, 2010
The acquisition of Green Tree had a significant impact on our consolidated balance sheet. At September 30, 2011, total assets were $4.1 billion, which was an increase of $2.2 billion from the end of the prior fiscal year. Provided below is a summary of the consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2011 as compared to December 31, 2010 (in thousands), a brief description of some of the items included in the consolidated balance sheet, and a summary of some of the significant variances in our assets, liabilities and stockholders’ equity at September 30, 2011 as compared to December 31, 2010. Unless otherwise stated, significant variances are the result of the acquisition of Green Tree.
                         
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010     Increase (Decrease)  
Assets
                       
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 36,171     $ 114,352     $ (78,181 )
Restricted cash and cash equivalents
    259,278       52,289       206,989  
Residential loans, net (includes $696,245 and $0 at fair value)
    2,312,655       1,621,485       691,170  
Receivables, net (includes $80,565 and $0 at fair value)
    231,921       3,426       228,495  
Servicing rights, net
    264,341             264,341  
Goodwill
    468,163             468,163  
Intangible assets, net
    136,191             136,191  
Premises and equipment, net
    133,005       2,286       130,719  
Other assets
    255,164       101,652       153,512  
 
                 
Total assets
  $ 4,096,889     $ 1,895,490     $ 2,201,399  
 
                 
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
                       
Servicing advance liabilities
    105,740       3,254       102,486  
Debt
    774,285             774,285  
Mortgage-backed debt (includes $830,488 and $0 at fair value)
    2,268,366       1,281,555       986,811  
Other liabilities (includes $23,699 and $0 at fair value)
    418,007       55,193       362,814  
Stockholders’ equity
    530,491       555,488       (24,997 )
 
                 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 4,096,889     $ 1,895,490     $ 2,201,399  
 
                 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents decreased $78.2 million from the prior year end primarily due to the use of cash and cash equivalents to acquire Green Tree.
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
Restricted cash and cash equivalents consist largely of cash collected as a result of our servicing activities that are owed to third parties. Restricted cash and cash equivalents also include $50 million being held in escrow pending release to the sellers of Green Tree.

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Residential Loans, Net
Residential loans, net consists of residential loans held by the Residual Trusts and unencumbered loans, which are accounted for at amortized cost, and residential loans held by the Non-Residual Trusts, which are accounted for at fair value. Provided below is a summary of the residential loan portfolio (in thousands):
                         
    September 30, 2011     December 30, 2010     Increase (Decrease)  
Carried at amortized cost
                       
Unpaid principal balance
  $ 1,804,399     $ 1,803,758     $ 641  
Unamortized premiums (discounts) and other
                       
cost basis adjustments, net (1)
    (174,693 )     (166,366 )     (8,327 )
Allowance for loan losses
    (13,296 )     (15,907 )     2,611  
 
                 
Residential loans at amortized cost
    1,616,410       1,621,485       (5,075 )
 
                 
Carried at fair value
                       
Unpaid principal balance
    932,043             932,043  
Fair value adjustment
    (235,798 )           (235,798 )
 
                 
Residential loans at fair value
    696,245             696,245  
 
                 
Total residential loans, net
  $ 2,312,655     $ 1,621,485     $ 691,170  
 
                 
 
(1)   Included in unamortized premiums (discounts) and other cost basis adjustments, net within residential loans at amortized cost is $15.7 million and $16.0 million in accrued interest receivable at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
Receivables, Net
Receivables, net consists primarily of receivables related to Non-Residual Trusts, insurance premium receivables and servicing fee receivables. The receivables related to Non-Residual Trusts are carried at fair value and represent the fair value of expected draws under LOCs functioning as credit enhancements to certain of the trusts.
Servicing Rights, Net
At July 1, 2011, we recognized the fair value of Green Tree’s rights to service and sub-service loans for third-party investors with an unpaid principal balance of $38 billion. The estimated fair value of these servicing rights at acquisition was $279 million and is being accounted for on an on-going basis at amortized cost.
Goodwill
As a result of the acquisition of Green Tree, we recognized a preliminary estimate of goodwill of $468.2 million reflecting the future cash flow and income growth projections expected from the Acquisition. We also expect to achieve synergies due to overlapping staff and administrative functions and duplicate servicing platforms. In addition, we expect to avoid future planned expenditures from cross deployment of proprietary technology.
Intangibles
At July 1, 2011, we recognized a preliminary estimate of identifiable intangible assets of $142.3 million consisting of customer and institutional relationships and contract-based intangibles. The customer relationship and institutional relationship intangibles are being amortized using an economic consumption method and a straight-line method, respectively, over the related expected useful lives.
Premises and Equipment, Net
Premises and equipment, net increased $130.7 million from the prior year end due primarily to the acquisition of internally-developed software as part of the acquisition of Green Tree. The estimated fair value of the software at acquisition of $123.3 million is being amortized over an estimated life of 7 years.
Other Assets
Other assets consist primarily of servicer and protective advances, net, deferred tax asset, net, real estate owned, net and deferred debt issuance costs. Other assets increased $153.5 million from the prior year end due primarily to servicer and protective advances from the acquisition of Green Tree and to deferred debt issuance costs of $27.5 million that are being amortized over the life of the long-term debt issued to fund the Acquisition.
Servicing Advance Liabilities
These liabilities consist of funds owed to third parties under a Servicer Advance Reimbursement Agreement and a Receivables Loan Agreement.
Corporate Debt
At July 1, 2011, we issued $765 million in debt in order to fund the acquisition of Green Tree and obtained a Revolver, which at September 30, 2011 had an outstanding balance of $13 million. Corporate debt also includes collateralized borrowings totaling $12.2 million at September 30, 2011, which consist of borrowings by Green Tree under a Mortgage Servicing Rights Credit Facility.

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Mortgage-Backed Debt
Mortgage-backed debt consists of debt issued by the Residual Trusts which is accounted for at amortized cost and the Non-Residual Trusts which is accounted for at fair value. Provided below is a summary of the mortgage-backed debt (in thousands):
                         
    September 30, 2011     December 30, 2010     Increase (Decrease)  
Carried at amortized cost
                       
Unpaid principal balance
  $ 1,439,497     $ 1,286,780     $ 152,717  
Discount
    (1,619 )     (5,225 )     3,606  
 
                 
Mortgage-backed debt at amortized cost
    1,437,878       1,281,555       156,323  
 
                 
Carried at fair value
                       
Unpaid principal balance
    945,391             945,391  
Fair value adjustment
    (114,903 )           (114,903 )
 
                 
Mortgage-backed debt at fair value
    830,488             830,488  
 
                 
Total mortgage-backed debt
  $ 2,268,366     $ 1,281,555     $ 986,811  
 
                 
Other Liabilities
Other liabilities consist of accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, dividends payable, servicer payables and deferred tax liability, net. Other liabilities increased, in part, due to the recognition of a net deferred tax liability of $59.8 million resulting from the loss of REIT status. Other liabilities also include escrow funds payable of $50 million to the sellers of Green Tree.
Consolidated Results of Operations — Comparison of Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 and 2010
We recognized a net loss of $61.8 million and $61.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, as compared to net income of $9.7 million and $26.4 million for the same periods in the prior year, respectively. A summary of our consolidated results of operations is provided below (in thousands):
                                                 
    For the Three Months Ended             For the Nine Months Ended        
    September 30,     Increase     September 30,     Increase  
    2011     2010     (Decrease)     2011     2010     (Decrease)  
Revenues:
                                               
Servicing revenue and fees
  $ 88,012     $     $ 88,012     $ 94,259     $     $ 94,259  
Interest income on loans
    41,239       41,307       (68 )     124,623       124,817       (194 )
Insurance revenue
    16,954       1,778       15,176       21,123       6,636       14,487  
Other income
    4,935       437       4,498       6,123       2,213       3,910  
 
                                   
Total revenues
    151,140       43,522       107,618       246,128       133,666       112,462  
 
Expenses:
                                               
Interest expense
    47,336       20,176       27,160       89,389       61,871       27,518  
Provision for loan losses
    1,865       1,377       488       3,365       4,541       (1,176 )
Salaries and benefits
    49,404       5,708       43,696       67,128       18,547       48,581  
Depreciation and amortization
    26,042       59       25,983       26,402       243       26,159  
General and administrative
    23,227       5,002       18,225       47,561       14,673       32,888  
Other expenses, net
    4,826       2,882       1,944       13,775       8,282       5,493  
 
                                   
Total expenses
    152,700       35,204       117,496       247,620       108,157       139,463  
 
Other income (expense):
                                               
Net fair value losses
    (1,404 )           (1,404 )     (1,404 )           (1,404 )
Other
          1,680       (1,680 )     95       1,680       (1,585 )
 
                                   
Other income (expense)
    (1,404 )     1,680       (3,084 )     (1,309 )     1,680       (2,989 )
 
Income (loss) before income taxes
    (2,964 )     9,998       (12,962 )     (2,801 )     27,189       (29,990 )
Income tax expense
    58,798       312       58,486       58,866       828       58,038  
 
                                   
Net income (loss)
  $ (61,762 )   $ 9,686     $ (71,448 )   $ (61,667 )   $ 26,361     $ (88,028 )
 
                                   
Servicing Revenue and Fees
We recognize servicing revenue and fees on servicing performed for third-party investors by our Green Tree and Marix subsidiaries, which we acquired in 2011 and the fourth quarter of 2010, respectively. This income includes contractual fees earned on a percentage of the unpaid principal balance of the serviced loans, incentive and performance fees earned based on the performance of certain loans or loan portfolios serviced by us and loan modification fees. Servicing revenue and fees also includes ancillary fees such as late fees and prepayment fees. Servicing revenue earned on loans in the consolidated VIEs, which consists of both the Residual and Non-Residual Trusts, is eliminated in consolidation.

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A summary of servicing revenue and fees is provided below (in thousands):
                 
    For the Three     For the Nine  
    Months Ended     Months Ended  
    September 30, 2011     September 30, 2011  
Servicing fees
  $ 57,893     $ 59,846  
Incentive and performance fees
    24,013       27,475  
Ancillary and other fees (1)
    6,106       6,938  
 
           
Servicing revenue and fees
  $ 88,012     $ 94,259  
 
           
 
(1)   Includes late fees of $1.7 million and $2.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively.
Provided below is a summary of the activity in our servicing portfolio which includes residential loans and real estate owned serviced for third-party investors and excludes residential loans and real estate owned that have been recognized on our consolidated balance sheets (dollars in thousands):
                         
    For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2011  
    Servicing and              
    Sub-Servicing              
    Rights Capitalized     Sub-Servicing     Total  
Unpaid principal balance of loans serviced for third-party investors
                       
Beginning balance
  $     $ 1,347,610     $ 1,347,610  
Acquisition of Green Tree
    38,002,401             38,002,401  
New business added
          18,866,810       18,866,810  
Payoffs, sales and curtailments
    (1,509,566 )     (202,208 )     (1,711,774 )
 
                 
Ending balance
  $ 36,492,835     $ 20,012,212     $ 56,505,047  
 
                 
Number of loans serviced
    744,532       102,191       846,723  
 
                 
Provided below is a summary of the composition of our servicing portfolio which includes residential loans and real estate owned serviced for third-party investors and residential loans and real estate owned that have been recognized on our consolidated balance sheets (dollars in thousands):
                                 
    September 30, 2011  
            Unpaid Principal     Contractual     30 Days or  
    Number of Loans     Balance     Servicing Fee     More Past Due(1)  
Portfolio composition of loans serviced for third-party investors
                               
First lien mortgages
    187,619     $ 32,554,825       0.25 %     16.34 %
Second lien mortgages
    285,976       12,431,581       0.44 %     4.38 %
Manufactured housing
    370,228       11,486,590       1.08 %     4.20 %
Other
    2,900       32,051       1.00 %     3.52 %
 
                           
Total loans serviced for third-party investors
    846,723       56,505,047               11.23 %
On-balance sheet residential loans and real estate owned
    62,990       2,801,893               7.03 %
 
                           
Total servicing portfolio
    909,713     $ 59,306,940               10.77 %
 
                           
 
(1)   Past due status is measured based on the applicable method specified in the servicing agreement, which consists of the MBA method or the OTS method. Under the MBA method, a loan is considered past due if its monthly payment is not received by the end of the day immediately preceding the loan’s next due date. Under the OTS method, a loan is considered past due if its monthly payment is not received by the loan’s due date in the following month.
Interest Income on Loans
We recognize interest income on the residential loans held in the Residual Trusts and on our unencumbered residential loans, which are accounted for at amortized cost. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, interest income was flat as compared to the same periods in the prior year. Provided below is a summary of the average balances of residential loans at amortized cost and the related interest income and yields (dollars in thousands):
                                                 
    For the Three Months Ended September 30,     For the Nine Months Ended September 30,  
                    Increase                     Increase  
    2011     2010     (Decrease)     2011     2010     (Decrease)  
Residential loans at amortized cost
                                               
Interest income
  $ 41,239     $ 41,307     $ (68 )   $ 124,623     $ 124,817     $ (194 )
Average balance
    1,637,914       1,630,193       7,721       1,633,549       1,644,952       (11,403 )
Yield
    10.07 %     10.14 %     -0.07 %     10.17 %     10.12 %     0.05 %

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Insurance Revenue
Insurance revenue consists of commission income earned on voluntary and forced-placed insurance sold to third-parties net of estimated future policy cancellations, as well as premium revenue from captive reinsurers. Commission income is based on a percentage of the price of the insurance policy sold which varies based on the type of product. Insurance revenue increased $15.2 million and $14.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, as compared to the same period of prior year largely due to the acquisition of Green Tree.
Other Income
Other income increased $4.5 million and $3.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, as compared to same period of prior year due primarily to the acquisition of Green Tree.
Interest Expense
We recognize interest expense on our debt and on the mortgage-backed debt issued by the Residual Trusts, which are accounted for at amortized cost. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, interest expense increased $27.2 million and $27.5 million, respectively, as compared to the same periods of the prior year, due largely to the issuance of $765 million in corporate debt and $223.1 million in mortgage-backed debt in order to fund the acquisition of Green Tree. Provided below is a summary of the average balances of debt and the mortgage-backed debt of the Residual Trusts as well as the related interest expense and rates (dollars in thousands):
                                                 
    For the Three Months Ended September 30,     For the Nine Months Ended September 30,  
                    Increase                     Increase  
    2011     2010     (Decrease)     2011     2010     (Decrease)  
Debt
                                               
Interest expense
  $ 21,217     $     $ 21,217     $ 21,217     $     $ 21,217  
Average balance
    789,769             789,769       263,256             263,256  
Rate
    10.75 %           10.75 %     10.75 %           10.75 %
Mortgage-backed debt at amortized cost
                                               
Interest expense
  $ 24,782     $ 20,176     $ 4,606     $ 66,835     $ 61,871     $ 4,964  
Average balance
    1,450,618       1,204,022       246,596       1,359,717       1,225,545       134,172  
Rate
    6.83 %     6.70 %     0.13 %     6.55 %     6.73 %     -0.18 %
Provision for Loan Losses
We recognize a provision for loan losses for our residential loan portfolio accounted for at amortized cost. The provision for loan losses increased $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011 as compared to the same period of the prior year due to larger fair value adjustments on defaulted loans due to higher severities experienced during the past twelve months. The provision for loan losses decreased $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 as compared to the same period of prior year due to a lower number of defaults particularly during the first six months of the current year.
Salaries and Benefits
As a result of the acquisition of Green Tree, the number of full-time-equivalent employees increased by approximately 2,100 employees largely causing the increase in salaries and benefits expense by $43.7 million and $48.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, as compared to the same periods in prior year.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization consists of depreciation and amortization recognized on premises and equipment which includes the amortization of the internally-developed software acquired as part of the acquisition of Green Tree, as well as amortization recognized on servicing rights and the other intangible assets. A summary of depreciation and amortization expense is provided below (in thousands):
                                                 
    For the Three Months Ended September 30,     For the Nine Months Ended September 30,  
                    Increase                     Increase  
    2011     2010     (Decrease)     2011     2010     (Decrease)  
Depreciation and amortization of:
                                               
Premises and equipment
  $ 5,319     $ 59     $ 5,260     $ 5,679     $ 243     $ 5,436  
Servicing rights
    14,611             14,611       14,611             14,611  
Intangible assets
    6,112             6,112       6,112             6,112  
                                     
Total depreciation and amortization
  $ 26,042     $ 59     $ 25,983     $ 26,402     $ 243     $ 26,159  
                                     
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses increased $18.2 million and $32.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, as compared to the same periods of prior year. The increase was due to the recognition of acquisition related expenses of $0.6 million and $12.5 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, as well as general and administrative expenses associated with Green Tree.

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Other Expenses, Net
Other expenses, net consist primarily of real estate owned expenses, net and claims expenses. Other expenses, net increased $1.9 million and $5.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, as compared to the same periods of prior year. The increase was due partly to higher adjustments for the decline in value of real estate owned of $1.5 million and $2.2 million for the three and nine month period ended September 30, 2011, respectively.
Net Fair Value Losses
Net fair value losses consist of gains and losses recognized on assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value. The net fair value loss of $1.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 reflects a net loss of $0.7 million on the assets and liabilities of the Non-Residual Trusts due primarily to accretion offset by net fair value gains resulting from the decline in forward LIBOR rates impacting the variable rate debt of the Non-Residual Trusts.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense increased $58.5 million and $58.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, as compared to the same period of prior year. As a result of the acquisition of Green Tree, we no longer qualify as a REIT retroactive to January 1, 2011. The increases in income tax expense are due to the recognition of $59.8 million in provision for current and deferred income taxes as a result of the loss of our REIT status and being taxed as a C corporation.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay debt and meet the financial obligations of our servicing operations including the funding of servicing advances and other general business needs. We recognize the need to have funds available to operate our business. It is our policy to have adequate liquidity at all times.
Our principal sources of liquidity are the cash from our servicing and insurance businesses, funds obtained from our revolver and servicing advance facilities, cash releases from the securitized portfolio, the principal and interest payments received from unencumbered residential loans, as well as the cash proceeds from the issuance of our equity and other financing activities.
We believe that, based on current forecasts and anticipated market conditions, funding generated from our operating cash flows, loan servicing portfolio, revolver and servicing advance facilities, as well as other available sources of liquidity will be sufficient to meet operating needs and expenses, to fund servicing advances, to make planned capital expenditures, and to make all required interest and principal payments on indebtedness. Our operating cash flows and liquidity are significantly influenced by numerous factors, including the general economy, interest rates and, in particular, conditions in the mortgage markets.
Residual and Non-Residual Trusts
Our securitization trusts are consolidated for financial reporting purposes under accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., or GAAP. Prior to the acquisition of Green Tree, our consolidated securitization trusts represented those trusts in which we own a residual interest, or the Residual Trusts. Upon the acquisition of Green Tree, we were required under GAAP to consolidate ten additional securitization trusts for which we do not own any residual interests, or the Non-Residual Trusts. For further information regarding the basis for consolidating the Residual and Non-Residual Trusts, refer to Note 4 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Our results of operations and cash flows include the activity of both the Residual and Non-Residual Trusts.
The cash proceeds from the repayment of the collateral held in the Residual and Non-Residual Trusts are owned by the trusts and serve to only repay the obligations of the trusts unless for the Residual Trusts, certain overcollateralization or other similar targets are satisfied, in which case, the excess cash is released to us.
Excess Overcollateralization of Residual Trusts
The Residual Trusts, with the exception of WIMC Capital Trust 2011-1, or Trust 2011-1, contain delinquency and loss triggers, that, if exceeded, allocate any excess overcollateralization to paying down the outstanding mortgage-backed notes for that particular securitization at an accelerated pace. Assuming no servicer trigger events have occurred and the overcollateralization targets have been met, any excess cash from these trusts is released to us. For Trust 2011-1, principal and interest payments are not paid on the subordinate note or residual interests, which are held by us, until all amounts due on the senior notes are fully paid.
Since January 2008, Mid-State Trust 2006-1 has exceeded certain triggers and has not provided any excess cash flow to us. The delinquency rate for trigger calculations, which includes real estate owned, was 10.71% at September 30, 2011 compared to a trigger level of 8.00%. However, this is an improvement from a level of 11.84% as of December 31, 2010. The delinquency trigger for Mid-State Trust 2005-1 and Trust X were exceeded in November 2009 and October 2006, respectively, and cured in 2010. With the exception of Trust 2006-1 which exceeded its trigger and the cured Trust 2005-1 and Trust X, none of our other securitization trusts have reached the levels of underperformance that would result in a trigger breach causing a delay in cash releases.
Mortgage-Backed Debt
We have historically funded the residential loan portfolio through the securitization market and have consolidated the securitization trusts on our consolidated balance sheets pursuant to GAAP. The mortgage-backed debt issued by the Residual Trusts is accounted for at amortized cost. With the acquisition of Green Tree, we consolidated ten additional securitization trusts in which we do not own any residual interests. The mortgage-backed debt of the Non-Residual Trusts is accounted for at fair value.
At September 30, 2011, the total unpaid principal balance of mortgage-backed debt was $2.4 billion as compared to $1.3 billion at December 30, 2010. The increase in mortgage-backed debt was due to primarily to the consolidation of the Non-Residual Trusts upon the acquisition of Green Tree. The increase in mortgage-backed debt was also due to the issuance of $102 million in mortgage-backed debt by Trust 2011-1, the sale of Class B secured notes of $85.1 million, and the reissuance of $36 million in mortgage-backed debt previously extinguished, in order to fund the Acquisition.
The mortgage-backed debt is collateralized by $2.9 billion of assets including residential loans, receivables related to Non-Residual Trusts, real estate owned and restricted cash and cash equivalents. All of the mortgage-backed debt is non-recourse and not cross-collateralized and, therefore, must be satisfied exclusively from the proceeds of the residential loans and real estate owned held in each securitization trust and also from the draws on the LOCs for certain Non-Residual Trusts.

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Borrower remittances received on the residential loans collateralizing this debt and draws under LOCs issued by a third-party serving as credit enhancements to certain of the Non-Residual Trusts are used to make payments on the mortgage-backed debt. The maturity of the mortgage-backed debt is directly affected by principal prepayments on the collateral. As a result, the actual maturity of the mortgage-backed debt is likely to occur earlier than the stated maturity. Certain of our mortgage-backed debt issued by the Residual Trusts are also subject to redemption according to specific terms of the respective indenture agreements. The mortgage-backed debt issued by the Non-Residual Trusts is subject to mandatory clean-up call options for which we are obligated to exercise at the earliest possible call dates. The Company expects to call these securitizations beginning in 2017 through 2019. The total outstanding balance of the collateral expected to be called at the respective call dates is $417.7 million.
Corporate Debt
Term Loans and Revolver
On July 1, 2011, the Company entered into a $500 million first lien senior secured term loan and a $265 million second lien senior secured term loan, or 2011 Term Loans, to partially fund the acquisition of Green Tree. Also on July 1, 2011, the Company entered into a $45 million senior secured revolving credit facility, or Revolver. During the three months ended September 30, 2011, we drew $23 million on the Revolver and made $10 million in payments on this debt. The Company’s obligations under the 2011 Term Loans and Revolver are guaranteed by substantially all assets of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries. The 2011 Term Loans and Revolver contain customary events of default and covenants, including among other things, covenants that restrict us and our subsidiaries’ ability to incur certain additional indebtedness, create or permit liens on assets, pay dividends and repurchase stock, engage in mergers or consolidations, and make investments. At September 30, 2011, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.
The terms of the 2011 Term Loans and Revolver are summarized in the table below.
             
Debt Agreement   Interest Rate   Amortization   Maturity/Expiration
$500 million first lien term loan
  LIBOR plus 6.25%, LIBOR floor of 1.50%   3.75% per quarter beginning 4th quarter of 2011; remainder at final maturity   June 30, 2016
 
           
$265 million second lien term loan
  LIBOR plus 11.00%, LIBOR floor of 1.50%   Bullet payment at maturity   December 31, 2016
 
           
$45 million revolver
  LIBOR plus 6.25%, LIBOR floor of 1.50%   Not applicable   June 30, 2016
The 2011 Term Loans and Revolver have a minimum London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, floor of 1.50%. The first lien agreement requires the Company to prepay outstanding principal with 50% or 75% of excess cash flow as defined by the credit agreement when the Company’s total leverage ratio is less than or equal to 3.0 or greater than 3.0, respectively. These excess cash flow payments will be made during the first quarter of each fiscal year beginning in 2013. In addition, in the case of settlement of the first lien prior to scheduled maturity, excess cash flow payments based on terms similar to those of the first lien agreement would be required for the second lien. The commitment fee on the unused portion of the Revolver is 0.75% per year. The Company recognized $27.5 million in deferred debt issuance costs associated with the issuance of this debt.
These agreements also include certain financial covenants that must be maintained, including an Interest Coverage Ratio and a Total Leverage Ratios as defined therein. The first lien requires a minimum Interest Expense Coverage Ratio of 2.25:1.00 increasing to 2.75:1.00 by the end of 2016 while the second lien requires a ratio of 2.00:1.00 increasing to 2.50:1.00. The first lien requires the Company to maintain a maximum Total Leverage Ratio of 4.50:1.00 being reduced over time to 3.00:1.00 by the end of 2016 while the second lien requires a ratio of 4.75:1.00 reduced to 3.25:1.00.
Provided below is the Interest Coverage Ratio and the Total Leverage Ratio calculated at September 30, 2011:
                         
    Covenant Requirement        
    1st Lien     2nd Lien     Actual Ratio  
Interest Coverage Ratio — equal to or greater than
    2.25:1.00       2.00:1.00       2.74  
Total Leverage Ratio — equal to or less than
    4.50:1.00       4.75:1.00       3.89  

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Mortgage Servicing Rights Credit Agreement
In November 2009, Green Tree entered into a Mortgage Servicing Rights Credit Agreement to finance the purchase of servicing rights. The note is secured by the servicing rights purchased and requires equal monthly payments for 36 months. The interest rate on this agreement is based on LIBOR plus 2.50%. The facility expires in November 2012. The balance outstanding under this agreement at September 30, 2011 was $12.2 million.
Other Credit Agreements
In April 2009, we entered into a syndicated credit agreement, a revolving credit agreement and security agreement, and a support letter of credit agreement. All three of these agreements were due to mature on April 20, 2011. These agreements were terminated by us on or before April 6, 2011.
Servicing Advance Facilities
Servicer Advance Reimbursement Agreement
In October 2009, Green Tree entered into a Servicer Advance Reimbursement Agreement. This agreement is for the early reimbursement of certain principal and interest and protective advances that are the responsibility of the Company under certain servicing agreements. The agreement specifies an early reimbursement amount limit of $100 million. The early reimbursement rates vary by product ranging from 80% to 95%. The cost of this agreement is based on LIBOR plus 2.50% against the amounts that were early reimbursed. The early reimbursement period expires on June 30, 2012, but can be automatically renewed on an annual basis. The balance outstanding under this agreement at September 30, 2011 was $56.4 million.
Receivables Loan Agreement
In July 2009, Green Tree entered into a three-year Receivables Loan Agreement collateralized by certain principal and interest advances and protective advances reimbursable from securitization trusts serviced by us. The principal and interest payments on these notes are paid using the cash flows from the underlying advances. Accordingly, the timing of the principal payments is dependent on the payments received on the underlying advances that collateralize the notes. We are able to pledge new advances to the facility up to an outstanding note balance of $75 million. The advance rates on this facility vary by product type ranging from 70% to 91.5%. The interest rate on this agreement is based on LIBOR plus 6.50%. The facility expires in July 2012. The balance outstanding under this agreement at September 30, 2011 was $49.3 million.
We have terminated various servicing advance facilities as noted below.
Servicing Advance Financing Facilities
As of November 11, 2008, Marix entered into a Servicing Advance Financing Facility Agreement, or the Servicing Facility. The note rate on the Servicing Facility is LIBOR plus 6.0%. The facility was originally set to terminate on September 30, 2010, but was extended as part of the Marix purchase agreement for six months to March 31, 2011. The maximum borrowing capacity on the Servicing Facility was $8.0 million.
On September 9, 2009, Marix entered into a second Servicing Advance Financing Facility Agreement, or Second Facility. The rate on the Second Facility was converted from one-month LIBOR plus 6.0% to one-month LIBOR plus 3.5% on March 31, 2010. The facility was set to terminate on March 31, 2010, but was extended for twelve months to March 31, 2011. The maximum borrowing capacity on the Second Facility was $2.5 million.
The collateral for these servicing advance facilities represents servicing advances on mortgage loans serviced by Marix for investors managed by or otherwise affiliated with the seller of marix, and such advances include principal and interest, taxes and insurance, and corporate advances. During the first quarter of 2011, we paid off the servicing advance facilities.

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Sources and Uses of Cash
The following table sets forth selected consolidated cash flow information for the periods indicated (in thousands):
                 
    For the Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,  
    2011     2010  
Cash flows provided by operating activities
  $ 75,135     $ 19,845  
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities
    (994,235 )     42,709  
Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities
    840,919       (121,641 )
 
           
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents 
  $ (78,181 )   $ (59,087 )
 
           
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $75.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 as compared to $19.8 million for the same period in 2010. During the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, the primary sources of cash from operating activities were the income generated from our servicing operations, our insurance business and our residential loan portfolio carried at amortized cost.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $994.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 as compared to net cash provided of $42.7 million for the same period in 2010. The net outflow of cash for investing activities in the current period reflects the cash paid net of cash acquired of $990.6 million to purchase Green Tree. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, the primary sources of cash from investing activities were the principal payments received on our residential loans of $90.2 million and $77.1 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, cash of $45.6 million and $40.7 million, respectively, was used to purchase residential loans.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $840.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 as compared to net cash used of $121.6 million for the same period in 2010. The net inflow of cash from financing activities in the current period reflects the cash received from the issuance of debt net of issuance costs of $733.7 million and of mortgage-backed debt net of issuance costs of $220 million to fund the acquisition of Green Tree. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, the primary use of cash in financing activities was the payments on mortgage-backed debt of $87.5 million, payments on debt of $2.6 million and dividend payments of $13.4 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2010, the primary use of cash in financing activities was the payments on mortgage-backed debt of $62.2 million, payments to extinguish mortgage-backed debt of $19.9 million and dividend payments of $40.1 million.
Common Stock Issuance
On July 1, 2011, we issued 1,812,532 shares to partially fund the acquisition of Green Tree. As part of the Green Tree purchase agreement, we filed a shelf registration statement on August 29, 2011 covering the resale of the 1,812,532 shares received by the prior owners of Green Tree. See Note 3 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Dividends
Prior to the acquisition of Green Tree, we operated as a REIT. A REIT generally passes through substantially all of its earnings to stockholders without paying U.S. federal income tax at the corporate level. As long as we elected to maintain REIT status, we were required to pay dividends amounting to at least 90% of our net taxable income (excluding net capital gains) for each year by the time our U.S. federal tax return was filed.
Upon the acquisition of Green Tree on July 1, 2001, we no longer qualify as a REIT. The change to our REIT status is retroactive to January 1, 2011. All future distributions will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our earnings, financial condition and liquidity, and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.
The Company’s dividend restriction covenant related to the 2011 Term Loans limits the sum of cash dividends in any fiscal year to $2 million plus 5% of Adjusted Consolidated Net Income, as defined therein, for the preceding fiscal year conditioned on there being no consequential default or event of default on terms of the related agreements and a leverage ratio less than 2.50 to 1.00 immediately before and after the declaration.
On September 12, 2011, our Board of Directors declared a one-time special dividend of $6.2 million payable to the holders of record on September 22, 2011. The $0.22423 per share special dividend will be payable on November 15, 2011 and will be made in newly issued shares of our common stock unless the recipient requests to receive the distribution in cash; provided, however, that the aggregate amount of cash to be paid out in the distribution to all stockholders will not exceed 10% of the aggregate amount paid, or $0.6 million.
Credit Risk Management
Residential Loan Credit Risk
We are subject to credit risk associated with the residual interests that we own in the consolidated Residual Trusts, which are recognized as residential loans on our consolidated balance sheets, as well as with the unencumbered residential loans held in our portfolio. Credit risk is the risk that we will not fully collect the principal we have invested due to borrower defaults. We manage the credit risk associated with our residential loan portfolio through sound loan underwriting, monitoring of existing loans, early identification of problem loans, timely resolution of problems, establishment of an appropriate allowance for loan losses and sound nonaccrual and charge-off policies.
We are not subject to credit risk at this time associated with the residential loans held in the Non-Residual Trusts consolidated on our balance sheet as a result of the acquisition of Green Tree, as we do not own residual interests in these trusts. However, we have assumed mandatory call obligations related to the Non-Residual Trusts and will be subject to credit risk associated with the purchased residential loans when the calls are exercised. The Company expects to call these securitizations beginning in 2017 through 2019.

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The principal balance of our residential loan portfolio at September 30, 2011 that exposes us to credit risk consisted of residential loans held by the consolidated Residual Trusts and unencumbered residential loans of $1.8 billion. The $1.8 billion principal balance of residential loans and carrying value of other collateral of the Residual Trusts are permanently financed with $1.4 billion of mortgage-backed debt leaving us with a net credit exposure of $432.2 million, which approximates our residual interest in the consolidated Residual Trusts.
The residential loans are predominantly credit challenged non-conforming loans with an average LTV ratio at origination of approximately 90.4% and an average refreshed borrower credit score of 587. While we feel that our underwriting and due diligence of these loans will help to mitigate the risk of significant borrower default on these loans, we cannot assure you that all borrowers will continue to satisfy their payment obligations under these loans, thereby avoiding default.
The information provided below consists of data for the residential loan portfolio for which we are subject to credit risk as explained above.
     Allowance for Loan Losses
We maintain an allowance for loan losses for the unencumbered residential loans and the residential loans held in the consolidated Residual Trusts that are recognized on our consolidated balance sheets and are accounted for at amortized cost. The following table provides information regarding our allowance for loan losses and related ratios for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):
                                 
            Allowance                
    Allowance for     as a % of             Charge-off  
    Loan Losses     Residential Loans(1)     Charge-offs     Ratio(3)  
September 30, 2011
  $ 13,296       0.82 %   $ 7,212 (2)     0.44 %
December 31, 2010
    15,907       0.97       8,280       0.51  
 
(1)   The allowance for loan loss ratio is calculated as period end allowance for loan losses divided by period end residential loans before the allowance for loan losses.
 
(2)   Annualized.
 
(3)   The charge-off ratio is calculated as charge-offs, net of recoveries divided by average residential loans before the allowance for loan losses. Net charge-offs includes charge-offs recognized upon acquisition of real estate in satisfaction of residential loans.
The following table summarizes activity in the allowance for loan losses for our residential loan portfolio (in thousands):
                                 
    For the Three     For the Nine  
    Months Ended     Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
    2011     2010     2011     2010  
Beginning balance
  $ 13,234     $ 16,733     $ 15,907     $ 17,661  
Provision for loan losses
    1,865       1,377       3,365       4,541  
Charge-offs, net of recoveries (1)
    (1,803 )     (1,829 )     (5,976 )     (5,921 )
 
                       
Ending balance
  $ 13,296     $ 16,281     $ 13,296     $ 16,281  
 
                       
 
(1)   Includes charge-offs recognized upon acquisition of real estate in satisfaction of residential loans of $0.7 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $2.4 million and $4.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
     Delinquency Information
The past due or delinquency status of residential loans is generally determined based on the contractual payment terms. The calculation of delinquencies excludes from delinquent amounts those accounts that are in bankruptcy proceedings that are paying their mortgage payments in contractual compliance with the bankruptcy court approved mortgage payment obligations. The following table presents the delinquency status of our unencumbered residential loans and the residential loans held in the Residual Trusts based on the total number of loans outstanding and on the total unpaid principal balance outstanding:
                 
    September 30, 2011     December 31, 2010  
Total number of residential loans outstanding
    33,402       33,801  
Delinquencies as a percent of number of residential loans outstanding:
               
30-59 days
    1.14 %     1.12 %
60-89 days
    0.63 %     0.39 %
90 days or more
    2.42 %     1.99 %
 
           
Total
    4.19 %     3.50 %
 
           
Principal balance of residential loans outstanding (in thousands)
  $ 1,804,399     $ 1,803,758  
Delinquencies as a percent of amounts outstanding:
               
30-59 days
    1.30 %     1.54 %
60-89 days
    0.73 %     0.49 %
90 days or more
    3.38 %     2.65 %
 
           
Total
    5.41 %     4.68 %
 
           

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The following table summarizes our unencumbered residential loans and the residential loans in the Residual Trusts that have been placed in non-accrual status due to payments being past due 90 days or more:
                 
    September 30, 2011   December 31, 2010
Residential loans:
               
Number of loans
    807       672  
Unpaid principal balance (in millions)
  $ 60.9     $ 47.8  
     Portfolio Characteristics
The weighted-average original loan-to-value ratio, or LTV, of our residential loan portfolios is 90.40% and 89.00% at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The LTV dispersion of our unencumbered residential loans and the residential loans in the Residual Trusts is provided in the following table:
                 
LTV Category:   September 30, 2011   December 31, 2010
0.00 - 70.00
    1.60 %     2.03 %
70.01 - 80.00
    3.10 %     4.14 %
80.01 - 90.00 (1)
    66.00 %     65.82 %
90.01 -100.00
    29.30 %     28.01 %
 
               
Total
    100.00 %     100.00 %
 
               
 
(1)   For residential loans in the portfolio, prior to electronic tracking of original LTVs, the maximum LTV was 90%, or 10% equity. Thus, these residential loans have been included in the 80.01 to 90.00 LTV category.
Original LTVs do not include additional value contributed by the borrower to complete the home. This additional value typically was created by the installation and completion of wall and floor coverings, landscaping, driveways and utility connections in more recent periods. Current LTVs are not readily determinable given the rural geographic distribution of our portfolio which precludes us from obtaining reliable comparable sales information to utilize in valuing the collateral.
The weighted-average FICO score of our unencumbered residential loans and the residential loans in the Residual Trusts refreshed as of December 31, 2010, was 587 and 584 at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The refreshed weighted-average FICO dispersion of our portfolio is provided in the following table:
                 
Refreshed FICO Scores:   September 30, 2011   December 31, 2010
<=600
    54.30 %     55.11 %
601 - 640
    14.50 %     13.71 %
641 - 680
    9.50 %     9.25 %
681 - 720
    4.70 %     4.86 %
721 - 760
    2.80 %     2.77 %
761 - 800
    2.10 %     2.37 %
>=801
    1.00 %     0.96 %
Unknown or unavailable
    11.10 %     10.97 %
 
               
Total
    100.00 %     100.00 %
 
               
Our unencumbered residential loans and residential loans in the Residual Trusts are concentrated in the following states:
                 
States:   September 30, 2011   December 31, 2010
Texas
    34.63 %     34.62 %
Mississippi
    14.28 %     14.67 %
Alabama
    8.00 %     8.23 %
Florida
    7.07 %     6.78 %
Louisiana
    6.06 %     6.24 %
South Carolina
    5.59 %     5.64 %
Other(1)
    24.37 %     23.82 %
 
               
Total
    100.00 %     100.00 %
 
               
 
(1)   Other at September 30, 2011 consists of loans in 42 states individually representing a concentration of less than 5%.

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Our unencumbered residential loans and residential loans in the Residual Trusts were originated in the following periods:
                 
Origination Year:   September 30, 2011   December 31, 2010
Year 2011 Origination
    4.14 %      
Year 2010 Origination
    3.53 %     4.07 %
Year 2009 Origination
    3.04 %     3.39 %
Year 2008 Origination
    8.68 %     8.42 %
Year 2007 Origination
    15.60 %     14.25 %
Year 2006 Origination
    10.18 %     10.93 %
Year 2005 Origination
    7.26 %     7.69 %
Year 2004 Origination and earlier
    47.57 %     51.25 %
 
               
Total
    100.00 %     100.00 %
 
               
Real Estate Credit Risk
We own assets secured by real property and own property directly as a result of foreclosures. Residential property values are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors); local real estate conditions (such as an oversupply of housing); changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; and retroactive changes to building or similar codes. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay our loans, which could also cause us to suffer losses.
The following table presents activity related to foreclosed property (dollars in thousands):
                 
    Units     Amount  
Balance at December 31, 2010
    1,041     $ 67,629  
Foreclosures and other additions, at fair value
    1,292       53,278  
Cost basis of financed sales
    (930 )     (55,065 )
Cost basis of cash sales to third parties and other dispositions
    (360 )     (6,629 )
Lower of cost or fair value adjustments
          (3,668 )
 
           
Balance at September 30, 2011
    1,043     $ 55,545  
 
           
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes, by remaining maturity, our future cash obligations related to our debt (excluding the Revolver), operating leases and other non-cancelable contractual obligations at September 30, 2011 (in thousands):
                                                                 
    Remainder                                            
    of 2011     2012     2013     2014     2015     2016     Thereafter     Total  
Debt (1)
  $ 21,368     $ 84,598     $ 75,000     $ 75,000     $ 75,000     $ 446,250     $     $ 777,216  
Capital and operating leases
    2,844       10,729       7,773       7,130       4,892       3,954       3,038       40,360  
 
                                               
Total
  $ 24,212     $ 95,327     $ 82,773     $ 82,130     $ 79,892     $ 450,204     $ 3,038     $ 817,576  
 
                                               
 
(1)   Amounts exclude future cash payments related to interest expense. The Company made interest payments on debt of $18.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011.
See Note 14 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding our debt. We have excluded mortgage-backed debt from the contractual obligations disclosed in the table above as this debt is non-recourse and not cross-collateralized and, therefore, must be satisfied exclusively from the proceeds of the residential loans and real estate owned held in the securitization trusts and by the LOC draws for certain Non-Residual Trusts. See Note 15 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding our mortgage-backed debt.
Operating lease obligations include (i) leases for our principal operating locations in Tampa, Florida and Saint Paul, Minnesota; (ii) leases for our centralized servicing operations in Phoenix, Arizona; Tempe, Arizona; Rapid City, South Dakota; and Fort Worth, Texas; and (iii) other regional servicing operations.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As a result of the acquisition of Green Tree, we have interests in VIEs that we do not consolidate as we have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of the VIEs. The nature of our involvement with these VIEs is provided below:

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Servicing arrangements with letter of credit reimbursement obligations — We service loans related to four securitization trusts for which we have an obligation to reimburse a third party for the final $165 million in LOCs if drawn. This obligation applies to an aggregate of eleven securitization trusts. The other seven of these securitization trusts were consolidated on our consolidated balance sheet at July 1, 2011 as a result of the acquisition of Green Tree due to a mandatory clean-up call obligation related to these trusts. Refer to Note 3 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. The LOCs were provided as credit enhancements to these securitizations and, accordingly, the securitization trusts will draw on these LOCs if there are not enough cash flows from the underlying collateral to pay the debt holders. Based on our estimates of the underlying performance of the collateral in these securitizations, we do not expect that the final $165 million will be drawn, and therefore, no liability for the fair value of this obligation has been recorded on our consolidated balance sheet, however, actual performance may differ from this estimate in the future. We do not hold any residual or other interests in these trusts. As the servicer of the loans in these trusts, we collect servicing fees.
Our maximum exposure to loss related to these unconsolidated VIEs equals the carrying value of servicing rights, net and servicing and protective advances, net recognized on our consolidated balance sheet totaling $5.9 million at September 30, 2011 plus an obligation to reimburse a third party for the final $165 million drawn on LOCs as discussed above.
At September 30, 2011, we retained credit risk on twelve mortgage securities totaling $1.3 million that were sold with recourse by Hanover Capital Mortgage Holdings, Inc. in a prior year. Accordingly, we are responsible for credit losses, if any, with respect to these securities.
Other than the arrangements described above, we do not have any other relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance, special purpose or VIEs, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. In addition, we do not have any undisclosed borrowings or debt, and have not entered into any synthetic leases. We are, therefore, not exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in such relationships other than those described above.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Included in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 is a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates. Provided below is a summary of the additional critical accounting policies and estimates of the Company as a result of the acquisition of Green Tree.
Fair Value Measurements
We have an established and documented process for determining fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A three-tier fair value hierarchy is used to prioritize the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Basis or Measurement
Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.
Level 2 Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.
We determine fair value based upon quoted broker prices, when available, or through the use of alternative approaches, such as the discounting of expected cash flows at market rate commensurate with an instrument’s credit quality and duration.
We elected to account for certain assets and liabilities of the Non-Residual Trusts at fair value and have classified the related fair value measurement as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. See Note 5 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill
Our goodwill relates to the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets of acquired through the acquisition of Green Tree. We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis or more often if events or circumstances indicate that an impairment may exist. Adverse changes in the economic environment, declining operations of the reporting unit, or other factors could result in a decline in the estimated implied fair value of goodwill. If the estimated implied fair value is less than the carrying amount, a loss would be recognized to reduce the carrying amount to the estimated implied fair value. Such an event or circumstance could be material to our operating results for any particular reporting period.
Other Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are associated with customer relationships and relate to the asset receivables management business and the insurance and servicing businesses, as well as institutional relationships. The intangible assets associated with asset receivables management and insurance and servicing businesses are being amortized using an economic consumption method over the related expected useful lives. The intangible asset related to institutional relationships is being amortized on a straight-line basis over two and a half years. Intangible assets subject to amortization are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. To the extent the intangible asset is deemed unrecoverable, an impairment loss would be recorded in earnings to reduce the carrying amount. Such an event or circumstance could be material to our operating results for any particular reporting period.

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Servicing Rights
Servicing rights are an intangible asset representing the right to service a portfolio of loans. Servicing rights relating to servicing and sub-servicing contracts were acquired with the acquisition of Green Tree. We account for our servicing rights using the amortization method. All newly acquired servicing rights are initially measured at fair value. We amortize the balance of servicing assets based on expected cash flows in proportion to and over the life of net servicing income. We determine estimated net servicing income using the estimated future balance of the underlying mortgage loan portfolio. We adjust amortization prospectively in response to changes in estimated projections of future cash flows.
We estimate the fair value of our servicing rights by calculating the present value of expected future cash flows utilizing assumptions that we believe are used by market participants. The significant components of the estimated future cash inflows for servicing rights include estimates and assumptions related to the (1) declining unpaid principal balance of the serviced portfolio, (2) servicing fees and ancillary income, (3) discount rate, and (4) cost of servicing.
We assess servicing rights for impairment based on fair value by strata at each reporting date. We group the loans that we service into strata based on one or more of the predominant risk characteristics of the underlying loans. Our primary strata include manufactured housing loans, first lien mortgage loans and second lien mortgage loans. To the extent the estimated fair value is less than the carrying amount for any strata, we recognize an impairment loss in earnings.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Note 2 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a summary of recently adopted and recently issued accounting standards and their related effects on our results of operations and financial condition.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We seek to manage the risks inherent in our business — including but not limited to credit risk, real estate risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk, and prepayment risk — in a prudent manner designed to enhance our earnings and preserve our capital. In general, we seek to assume risks that can be quantified from historical experience, to actively manage such risks, and to maintain capital levels consistent with these risks. For information regarding our credit risk and real estate risk, refer to Credit Risk Management. For information regarding our liquidity risk, refer to Liquidity and Capital Resources.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the risk of changing interest rates in the market place. Our primary interest rate risk exposure relates to the variable rate associated with our long-term debt issued to fund the acquisition of Green Tree on July 1, 2011. The unpaid principal balance of our debt was $790.2 million at September 30, 2011. Rising interest rates increase our cost to service our outstanding debt. Changing interest rates generally impact prepayment rates and may impact the value of our servicing rights.
We assess our market risk based on changes in interest rates utilizing a sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis measures the potential impact on fair values based on hypothetical changes (increases and decreases) in interest rates. The following summarizes the estimated changes in the fair value at September 30, 2011 of our corporate debt and servicing rights sensitive to interest rates given a hypothetical and instant parallel shift in the yield curve of 25 basis points.
Substantially all of our debt has a LIBOR floor of 1.50%. Based on the current forward LIBOR curve, and the termination dates of our debt, an increase or decrease of LIBOR of 25 basis points will have no impact on the fair value of our debt. We exclude residential loans and mortgage-backed debt of the Residual and Non-Residual Trusts from the analysis of rate-sensitive assets and liabilities. These assets and liabilities do not represent interest rate risk to us. We have no obligation to provide financial support to the Residual Trusts. For the Non-Residual Trusts, we are obligated to exercise mandatory clean-up call obligations, which we expect to exercise beginning in 2017 through 2019. For both the Residual and Non-Residual Trusts, the creditors of these trusts can look only to the assets of the trusts for satisfaction of the mortgage-backed debt and have no recourse against the assets of the Company. Similarly, the Company’s general creditors have no claim to the assets of the trusts.
For servicing rights, we utilize a discounted cash flow analysis to determine fair value. The primary assumptions in this valuation are prepayment speeds, market discount rates and costs to service. There is little to no impact on prepayment speeds or cost to service due to an increase or decrease in interest rates by 25 basis points due to the inelasticity of prepayment rates with interest rate movements. This is primarily a result of limited refinance options available to the majority of the borrowers in the portfolio. Our total market risk is influenced by a wide variety of factors including market volatility and the liquidity of the markets. There are certain limitations inherent in any sensitivity analysis, including the necessity to conduct the analysis based on a single point in time and the inability to include the complex market reactions that normally would arise from the market shifts modeled.
Prepayment Risk
Prepayment risk is the risk that borrowers will pay more than their required monthly mortgage payment including payoffs of residential loans. When borrowers repay the principal on their residential loans before maturity, or faster than their scheduled amortization, the effect is to shorten the period over which interest is earned, and therefore, increases the yield for residential loans purchased at a discount to their then current balance, as with the majority of our portfolio. Conversely, residential loans purchased at a premium to their then current balance exhibit lower yields due to faster prepayments. Historically, when market interest rates declined, borrowers had a tendency to refinance their residential loans, thereby increasing prepayments. However, with tightening credit standards, the current low interest rate environment has not yet resulted in higher prepayments. Increases in residential loan prepayment rates could result in GAAP earnings volatility including substantial variation from quarter to quarter.
We monitor prepayment risk through periodic reviews of the impact of a variety of prepayment scenarios on revenues, net earnings, and cash flow.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based upon that evaluation, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in timely alerting them to material information required to be included in our periodic SEC filings.
(b) Changes in Internal Controls. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our third quarter ended September 30, 2011, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. On July 1, 2011, we acquired Green Tree. We are currently integrating policies, processes, people, technology and operations for the combined companies. Management will continue to evaluate our internal controls over financial reporting as we execute our integration activities.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Because of the larger size and expanded scope of the Green Tree business, we will have greater exposure to legal proceedings in the future; however, neither our historical business nor the Green Tree business is currently a party to any lawsuit or proceeding which, in the opinion of management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operation.
As discussed in Note 18 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements”, Walter Energy is in dispute with the IRS on a number of federal income tax issues. Walter Energy has stated in its public filings that it believes that all of its current and prior tax filing positions have substantial merit and that Walter Energy intends to defend vigorously any tax claims asserted. Under the terms of the tax separation agreement between us and Walter Energy dated April 17, 2009, Walter Energy is responsible for the payment of all federal income taxes (including any interest or penalties applicable thereto) of the consolidated group, which includes the aforementioned claims of the IRS. However, to the extent that Walter Energy is unable to pay any amounts owed, we could be responsible for any unpaid amounts.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The acquisition of Green Tree on July 1, 2011, and our resulting non-qualification as a REIT, has caused the risk factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 and in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2011 to change in many material respects. Therefore, we provided revised risk factors in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2011 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 8, 2011, which are incorporated herein by reference. You should carefully review and consider the risks described therein.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
     (a) Not applicable.
     (b) Not applicable.
     (c) Not applicable.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
     None.
Item 4. Removed and Reserved
Item 5. Other Information
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
In light of the voting results concerning the frequency with which stockholders will be provided an advisory vote on executive compensation that were delivered at the Company’s 2011 annual meeting of stockholders, the Company’s board of directors has determined that the Company will hold an annual advisory vote on executive compensation until the next required vote on the frequency of stockholder votes on executive compensation. The Company is required to hold votes on frequency every six years.
Item 6. Exhibits
The exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index, which appears immediately following the signature page below, are included or incorporated by reference herein.

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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
         
  WALTER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CORP.
 
 
  By:   /s/ Mark J. O’Brien    
    Mark J. O’Brien   
Dated: November 8, 2011    Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
         
     
  By:   /s/ Charles E. Cauthen    
    Charles E. Cauthen   
Dated: November 8, 2011    Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
 

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS
             
Exhibit No     Notes     Description
3.1
    (1)     Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Registrant effective April 17, 2009.
 
           
3.2
    (1)     By-Laws of Registrant, effective April 17, 2009.
 
           
10.1
    (3)     Form of Lease Agreement for office space for the corporate headquarters of the Company’s Green Tree subsidiary in St. Paul, Minnesota effective September 30, 2011.
 
           
10.2
    (3)     Form of Green Tree Executive Severance Plan for Senior Executives entered into between the Company’s Green Tree subsidiary
 
           
10.3
    (3)     Form of Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Kimberly A. Perez dated November 4, 2011.
 
           
10.4
    (3)     Form of Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Stuart D. Boyd dated November 4, 2011.
 
           
10.5
    (2)     First Lien Credit Agreement among the Company, the lenders, Credit Suisse AG and the other parties party thereto dated July 1, 2011.
 
           
10.6
    (2)     Second Lien Credit Agreement among the Company, the lenders, Credit Suisse AG and the other parties party thereto dated July 1, 2011.
 
           
31.1
    (3)     Certification by Mark J. O’Brien pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
           
31.2
    (3)     Certification by Charles E. Cauthen pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
           
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    (3)     Certification by Mark J. O’Brien and Charles E. Cauthen pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1352, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
           
101
    (3)     XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) — The following materials from Walter Investment’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Loss, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements which were tagged as blocks of text.
 
           
          Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is furnished and not filed for purposes of Sections 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 18 of the securities Exchange Act of 1934.
         
Note   Notes to Exhibit Index
  (1)    
Incorporated herein by reference to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 21, 2009.
       
 
  (2)    
Incorporated herein by reference to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 8, 2011.
       
 
  (3)    
Filed herewith

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