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The views and opinions in this report were current as of February 29, 2008. They are not guarantees of performance or investment results and should not be taken as investment advice. Investment decisions reflect a variety of factors,
and the managers reserve the right to change their views about individual stocks, sectors, and the markets at any time. As a result, the views expressed should not be relied upon as a forecast of the funds future investment intent. The report
is certified under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires mutual funds and other public companies to affirm that, to the best of their knowledge, the information in their financial reports is fairly and accurately stated in all material respects.
REPORTS ON THE WEB
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Managers Letter
Fellow Shareholders
U.S. stocks declined in the 6- and 12-month periods ended February 29, 2008, but growth stocksthe foundation of our equity strategiesheld up much better than value stocks. The speculative, euphoric mood at the beginning
of 2007 was quickly replaced by a recognition of the excesses of a multiyear binge. Many Wall Street firms and commercial banks with exposure to souring subprime mortgages reported substantial losses, credit market liquidity evaporated, and the boom
in leveraged buyouts disappeared with the arrival of more reasonable lending standards. Tax-free municipal securities struggled, particularly in the last six months, as demand and liquidity diminished and monoline insurers reported significant
mortgage-related losses that seemed to jeopardize their ability to insure against municipal bond defaults. Although the T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Funds generally produced disappointing absolute and relative returns over the last year, we believe
our focus on quality growth companies will help their relative performance in what could be an extended period of market volatility and economic uncertainty.
HIGHLIGHTS
• U.S. stocks declined over the last year, but growth stocksthe foundation of our equity strategiesheld up much better than value stocks. Tax-free municipal securities lagged taxable bonds, particularly in the last six
months.
• Although the Tax-Efficient Funds generally produced disappointing returns, we believe our focus on quality growth companies will help their relative performance in what could be an extended period of market volatility and
economic uncertainty.
• As commodity prices spiked in the last few years, our focus on differentiated energy and materials companies hurt our relative returns. As longer-term investors know, we do not speculate on commodity prices, market direction, or
many other items that inherently cannot be forecasted.
• We remain committed to finding and buying quality companies with good business models, strong managements, and favorable long-term prospects.
For several years, energy and commodity prices have spiked, and the performance of the materials and energy sectors has trounced all others. Our focus on differentiated companies has hurt our relative returns during the last couple
of years. We have not speculated and we will not speculate on commodity prices, market direction, or many other items that inherently cannot be forecasted. In the long run, making guesses about what is not knowable is a losing strategy. With the assistance of our skilled and experienced analysts, we strive to find and invest in superior
businesses and hold them for a long time.
MARKET ENVIRONMENT
Economic growth slowed dramatically during the second half of our fiscal year. The economy expanded at an annualized rate of only 0.6% in the fourth quarter of 2007 versus 4.9% in the third quarter. The housing market continues to
deteriorate, the manufacturing and services sectors are showing signs of contraction, and inflation is uncomfortably high.
As subprime mortgage losses mounted in the last six months and banks significantly curtailed their lending activities in an attempt to avoid additional losses, the Federal Reserve took several actions to encourage lending and
increase liquidity. The central bank faces a conundrum as it attempts to address several complex problems. Our biggest fear is that it will repeat the mistakes of the 1970s. The appearance of two large bubbles within the last 10 years and the Feds current posture of negative real (inflation-adjusted) interest rates create great
concerns.
As shown in the graph, yields of high-quality municipal securities with various maturities were relatively stable in the first half of our fiscal year. In the last six months, however, yields generally declined, but not as much as Treasury yields. (Municipal bond yields are typically lower than taxable bond yields because their interest payments are exempt from federal income taxes.)
But due to a substantial February sell-off in the municipal market, tax-free bond yields spiked sharply above the yields of Treasury bonds with similar maturities. As of February 29, 2008, for example, the 4.12% yield offered by a 10-year municipal
bond rated AAA was about 117% of the 3.51% yield offered by a 10-year Treasury. This extraordinary event reflects some of the dislocations in the fixed-income markets. In comparison, high-quality 10-year municipal bonds have provided an average
of about 81% of the yield offered by 10-year Treasuries since 1990. Based on current valuations and a continued belief that the municipal bond market remains a high-quality market, we believe that investors who are seeking tax-free income and are
willing to endure this unusual period of volatilitywhich could last for some timemay want to consider taking advantage of what appears to be a great buying opportunity in the municipal bond market. U.S. stocks declined over the last
year, as sharp losses in the last six months wiped out moderate gains in the first half of our fiscal year. Large-cap shares held up much better than small-caps: The S&P 500 Index returned -8.79% and -3.60% in the 6- and 12-month periods ended
February 29, 2008, respectively, versus -12.91% and -12.44% for the Russell 2000 Index. The relative performance of larger companies continues to improve after a strong multiyear run by smaller-company stocks.
As shown in the table below, growth stocks outperformed value stocks in the most recent 6- and 12-month periods. It is notable that, over the last year, deep value strategies did especially poorly after a strong multiyear run. For
the most recent five-year period, value stocks had an advantage over growth stocks, but their margin of outperformance is much smaller than what we showed in our annual report to shareholders one year ago. One of the fascinating aspects of mean
reversion in the capital markets is that trends overshoot for extended periods and appear irresistible, but the reversion can occur rather quickly.
Although the longer-term underperformance of large-cap and growth stocks seems to have ended over the last year, consider some other five-year trends that have yet to show signs of reversing. For example, international stocks,
particularly emerging market equities, have outpaced U.S. stocks by a wide margin over the last five years. The MSCI EAFE Index, a broad measure of large-cap stocks in Europe, Australasia, and the Far East, has outperformed the large-cap S&P 500
Index by about 10% per year on average, while the MSCI Emerging Markets Index has had an astonishing relative performance advantage of about 25% per year on average. Also, stocks in the energy and materials sectors maintained strong multiyear
performance advantages over other areas. We do not know how long these trends will persist, but we do believe assets whose valuations are overstretched will eventually snap back, resulting in returns that are more consistent with longer-term
averages. Investors who have excessive exposure to overvalued areas and who do not respect mean reversion will be disappointed when these trends come to an end.
INVESTMENT PHILOSOPHY
Our investment philosophy remains constant, even when investors are aggressively speculating or, as in the more recent past, fleeing equity market volatility. Our steady, long-term investment approach is not predicated on timing a
relative performance cycle. We think investing in high-quality businesses at attractive valuations never goes out of style, though relative performance will be bumpy. Nevertheless, we believe that the performance of the Tax-Efficient Funds through a
full capital market cycle will be very competitive on a pretax basis and superior on an after-tax basis.
Before we discuss our investment strategy and each funds performance, we would like to welcome new shareholders, thank long-term investors for their support, and summarize for all shareholders the principles that guide our
management of the funds.
• The Tax-Efficient Funds invest in stocks of growth companies that have strong prospects and are market leaders within their niches. Tax-Efficient Balanced and Tax-Efficient Growth invest primarily in large-cap growth stocks
(the former also purchases municipal bonds), and Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth emphasizes small- and mid-cap growth companies. Consequently, we have less cyclical and commodity exposure than other funds.
• Our objective is to produce the best after-tax returns. To minimize capital gain distributions, we plan to own our companies for a long time, so we focus on those with strong, sustainable market positions and high returns on
capital. Several studies have shown that, over long periods, there is a substantial difference between pretax and after-tax returns.
• We keep our cash position low and stay almost fully invested because we believe successful market timing is virtually impossible.
• Although we may make new purchases opportunistically, we will not trade opportunistically or rotate from one sector to another in an attempt to capture short-term
outperformance.
• We purchase stocks that meet our criteria even though it may be evident that time and patience will be required before an investment pays off. As a result, each funds short-term performance will frequently deviate, both
positively and negatively, from that of competing funds focused on pretax returns.
• We prefer to let our winners run, and we try not to realize capital gains unless a companys long-term outlook has deteriorated materially. In addition, we will sell investments that have declined and accumulate tax
losses that can be used to offset future gains that would otherwise be taxable.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FUNDS
We structure and manage the Tax-Efficient Balanced Funds equity portfolio and the Tax-Efficient Growth Fund so that they are more growth oriented than the S&P 500 Index. As you can see in the Portfolio Characteristics
tables on pages 9 and 12, our large-cap equity portfolios have higher price/earnings (P/E) ratios and projected long-term growth rates than the S&P 500, as well as lower dividend yields. The tables also show that each large-cap portfolios
return on equity (ROE) materially exceeds the S&P 500s 21.3% ROE. A high and sustainable ROE is one of the most important characteristics we consider when researching potential investments and reviewing our current holdings. Our intention
is to maintain portfolios of quality companies with strong profitability that should mostly keep up with the broad market when stocks are rising and hold up better than the market during more difficult periods for equities.
As shown in the table on page 14, the Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth Fund has characteristics that are comparable to those of the Russell Midcap Growth Index, such as its projected earnings growth rate, ROE, and dividend yield. The
funds 16.1 P/E ratio is higher than the benchmarks 14.7 P/E; its investment-weighted median market capitalization is $9.3 billion, which is greater than the benchmarks $7.6 billion median market cap at the end of our
reporting period. Unlike most small- and mid-cap portfolios, however, the multi-cap growth fund is managed to be tax-efficient, and we do not sell successful investments when their market capitalizations exceed the upper boundary of the mid-cap
universe. As many of the funds holdings grow, hopefully, into bigger companies over time, we will maintain our mid-cap orientation by directing new purchases to mid-cap companies. At the end of February, the fund was well diversified across
approximately 270 companies (compared with about 140 for the Tax-Efficient Growth Fund). This broad diversification reflects the fact that smaller companies are earlier in their life cycles than larger ones, and therefore a higher failure rate
should be expected. We will eliminate those that falter and reinvest the proceeds into companies that appear to have better long-term prospects.
The Tax-Efficient Attributes table shows each funds tax-efficiency ratio, which is calculated by dividing the funds after-tax return by its pretax return for the period from its inception through February 29, 2008. The
Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth Funds 100% tax-efficiency ratio indicates that the fund has made no taxable dividend or capital gain distributions since its inception. Tax-Efficient Balanced and Tax-Efficient Growth have made small
distributions of taxable dividends since their inception, but no capital gain distributions, and their tax-efficiency ratios remain very close to 100%. Given each funds high degree of tax efficiency, the performance of each fund versus its benchmarks
and tax-blind portfolios looks better on an after-tax basis than on a pretax basis.
The table also shows the value of each funds tax capital loss carryforward (as a percentage of net assets) accumulated through the end of our fiscal year. We can use these losses in the future to offset capital gains that each
fund may realize so they are not passed on to shareholders.
In addition, the table shows each funds turnover in percentage terms for the last 12 months. These turnover rates are substantially lower than those of other funds investing in growth companies and are evidence of our
buy-and-hold strategy and our focus on longer-term fundamentals. The turnover rate for Tax-Efficient Growth indicates that the funds average holding period for a given security is more than three years, whereas the turnover rates for the
Balanced and Multi-Cap Growth Funds suggest a five-year holding period. For frame of reference, in the one-year period ended February 29, 2008, the typical large-cap growth portfolio had a 98% turnover rate, while the average mid-cap growth
portfolios turnover rate was 110%. (Source: Morningstar Principia.)
PORTFOLIO ACTIONS
Growth stocks have made an astounding performance rebound relative to value stocks over the last year. Nevertheless, the extraordinary market turbulence of the last six months has enabled us to purchase some excellent companies that
have solid long-term prospects but have been excessively punished in the current risk-averse environment.
For example, in the health care sector, we initiated new positions in Intuitive Surgical, a maker of a very successful robotic surgical system, and medical device makers Becton, Dickinson and Company and St. Jude Medical in the Tax-Efficient Growth and Tax-Efficient Balanced Funds. To the
multi-cap growth portfolio, we added biotechnology companies Myriad Genetics and Martek Biosciences, service provider McKesson, and IDEXX Laboratories, which offers diagnostic products and services to veterinarians. (Please refer to each
funds portfolio of investments for a complete listing of holdings and the amount each represents in the portfolio.)
Energy stocks offered some attractive opportunities for long-term investment in the last six months. Because accurately predicting commodity price movements is virtually impossible, our approach to the sector is to look for
differentiated companies that are not highly leveraged to the prices of energy commodities. To the balanced and growth portfolios, we added energy equipment and services companies Cameron International, Weatherford International, and Core Laboratories. For
the Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth Fund, we purchased additional shares of Weatherford International and Core Laboratories.
Stocks in the consumer discretionary sector, which have lagged in the last five years, were hammered in the last six months, weighed down by rising oil prices, declining home values, and weakening economic activity. Nevertheless, we
continued to find companies with good business models, excellent cash flow, and other favorable attributes. For the large-cap growth portfolios, we initiated positions in Chinese marketing company Focus Media
Holding, Coach, and Yum! Brands and added to existing holdings in Walgreens and Amazon.com. For the Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth Fund, we added Expedia and established small positions in CTC Media, a large Russian TV entertainment broadcaster, and Central European Media
Enterprises.
TAX-EFFICIENT BALANCED FUND
Your fund returned -5.60% in the second half of our fiscal year and -4.14% in the 12-month period ended February 29, 2008. As shown in the Performance Comparison table, the fund lagged a hypothetical portfolio that is 48% S&P 500 Index and 52% Lehman Brothers Municipal Bond Index in both periods. Although our municipal bond portfolios performance was
mostly in line with the Lehman index, our equity portfolio trailed the S&P 500, which is a blend of growth and value stocks. The fund lagged its Lipper benchmark in both periods because we underweighted energy and materials stocks and some momentum stocks with unattractive valuations and because taxable bondswhich typically represent the fixed-income component of balanced portfoliosfared better than municipal securities,
particularly in the last six months.
Equity Portfolio
For the one-year period, the performance of the equity portfolio was limited by generally poor stock selection in the tech sector, as well as our bias toward semiconductor companies. Weakness among our pharmaceutical
holdings in the health care segment and low allocations to energy and materials stocks also worked against us, but our position in agricultural company Monsanto produced excellent
returns. Another positive was the favorable performance of our capital markets companies in the financials sector.
Municipal Bond Portfolio The failure of the
auction-rate securities (ARS) market in February is a relatively new concern for municipal investors. ARS typically have long-term maturities, but because they are structured with interest rates that are reset every seven, 28, or 35 days through an
auction process, many have invested in these securities with the view that they could be treated as cash equivalents. Auctions have been failing because broker-dealers who typically support this market are either unable or unwilling to do so in the
current environment. At this time, we believe that failed ARS auctions represent a liquidity issue, rather than a credit issue, and that the short-term credit implications for ARS issuers will be contained. However, an extended dislocation or a
permanent end to this market in conjunction with the inability of certain issuers to refinance their debts could have a material impact on certain ARS issuers, particularly those with more challenged financial situations.
Yet another negative factor affecting the municipal market is lingering uncertainty regarding the monoline insurers that guarantee the timely repayment of bond principal and interest when an issuer defaults. Monoline insurers, which
insure about half of the $2.5 trillion municipal bond market and are typically AAA rated by the major credit rating agencies, have come under substantial pressure due to apparently high exposure to structured financial products that house
significant subprime mortgage risk. Downgrades of monoline insurance companies could compromise the related guarantees that they provide to a large portion of the municipal market. In addition, downgrades may flow through to the bonds they insure,
which could force some portfolios to sell holdings whose ratings have fallen outside of a permissible range.
Short-term municipal securities outperformed long-term issues as the Fed reduced the fed funds rate in the last six months, so having roughly one-third of the municipal bond portfolio in shorter-term munis helped its performance. We
allowed the portfolios weighted average maturity to shorten as interest rates declined, though the spike in municipal interest rates in February extended the portfolios durationa measure of its sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations.
During the last six months, we directed new cash flows into long-term municipal securities. We also took advantage of weakness in lower-quality municipals and added to our lower-rated holdingsmostly BBB, which is the lowest
investment-grade ratingto benefit from more attractive yields. We will continue to look for securities with attractive yields and a good risk/reward tradeoff, as the historically cheap valuations of munis relative to taxable bonds makes this a
great buying opportunity for the asset class.
TAX-EFFICIENT GROWTH FUND
Your fund returned -9.87% in the second half of our fiscal year and -5.92% for the 12-month period ended February 29, 2008. As shown in the Performance Comparison table, the fund fared worse than the S&P 500 Indexwhich is a blend of growth and value stocksand its Lipper benchmark in both periods.
In the last six months, the fund lagged its benchmarks due to weak stock selection in the information technology sector, particularly Internet software and hardware companies. We found several companies whose stocks had spiked to be both unattractively valued and unlikely to have a sustained competitive
advantage. Overweighting stocks of high-quality semiconductor companies with reasonable valuations, such as Altera, also hurt our results. We continue to like the industrys long-term
prospects, but we trimmed our semiconductor positions in the last six months because it appears that their growth rates in the next few years will not be as strong as we previously expected. Underweighting the energy and materials sectors and not
owning shares of companies with stronger returns also worked against us. As longer-term investors know, we look for differentiated companies in these segments, rather than companies whose fortunes are closely linked to rising commodity prices. On the plus side, relatively favorable stock selection in the beleaguered financials sectorsuch as trust banks State Street and Northern Trust and asset manager BlackRockhelped our results.
Many of the factors that hurt our six-month results also hurt our one-year relative performance. The fund lagged its benchmarks due to weak tech stock selection and a bias toward semiconductor companies and underweights in energy and materials. In addition, poor performance of our consumer discretionary holdingssuch as hotel, gaming, and restaurant companiesworked against us. A sharp decline in media company McGraw-Hill, which owns the Standard & Poors franchise, also hurt our results. We think McGraw-Hill and credit rating company Moodys are two of the most undervalued companies in the portfolio. On the plus side, good performance of our capital markets companies and favorable stock selection among materials companies, especially agricultural company Monsanto, worked in our favor.
At the end of our fiscal year, we were overweighted in the financials, consumer discretionary, industrials and business services, and consumer staples sectors relative to other large-cap growth portfolios. We believe
that these sectors currently offer some excellent growth companies with strong prospects and attractive valuations. Relative to the S&P 500 Index, we favored traditional growth sectorsinformation technology, health care,
and consumer discretionarybut underweighted the energy, materials, and financials sectors. We owned no utilities and only two telecommunication services companies at the end of our reporting period because businesses with good growth prospects
and high, sustainable returns on equity generally are not found in these areas.
TAX-EFFICIENT MULTI-CAP GROWTH FUND
Your fund returned -5.22% in the second half of our fiscal year and 0.08% for the 12-month period ended February 29, 2008. As shown in the Performance Comparison table, the fund held up better than the Russell Midcap Growth Index in both periods. The fund performed in line with its Lipper benchmark in the last six months but underperformed over the one-year
period.
In the last six months, underweighting the materials and energy sectors hurt our relative results. On the plus side, overweighting the health care sector and good stock selectionsuch as biotechnology company Gilead Sciences and equipment and supply companies Varian Medical Systems and Intuitive Surgicalhelped our relative performance. Underweighting the information technology sector and good
stock selection were also beneficial, especially owning Internet software and services company Yahoo!, which received a buyout offer from Microsoft, and Chinese Internet search firm Baidu.com. In addition, our stock selection in the consumer discretionary sector was advantageous, especially Focus Media Holding and Nike.
Several of the factors that affected our six-month results also influenced our one-year total return. For example, underweighting the energy sector worked against us, but overweighting the health care sector and good stock selection were favorable. Relative to the Russell benchmark, our technology underweight and good stock selection among Internet companies
helped our performance. Strong stock selection in the consumer discretionary sectornamely owning gaming company Wynn Resorts and Focus Media Holding and avoiding weak
retailerswas also advantageous. However, underweights and poor stock selection in the materials and industrials and business services sectors hindered our results relative to competing mid-cap growth portfolios.
At the end of February, we were overweighted in the health care, consumer discretionary, and financials sectors relative to competing mid-cap growth portfolios and to the Russell Midcap Growth Index. We believe these sectors currently offer some of the best mid-cap growth opportunities for long-term investors. In contrast, we underweighted the information technology, industrials and business services, and energy sectors relative
to both indexes. We own very few utilities, materials, and telecommunication services businesses because mid-cap companies with good growth prospects and high, sustainable returns on equity generally are not found in these areas.
OUTLOOK
Our outlook has not changed in the last six months. We believe that the era of easy credit, reckless risk taking, and financial excess is over and that we are now in a potentially protracted period in which these sins and
their consequences must be addressed. The economy and the financial markets are likely to continue experiencing difficulties, as credit standards will be tighter than normal and investors may remain risk averse for some time.
Although we realize this negative environment may linger, we have a positive long-term outlook for the municipal asset class. Current valuations, with AAA tax-exempt yields higher than Treasury yields across all maturities, present
an attractive option for taxable investors in any tax bracket. The municipal bond market remains a high-quality market, where about half of the outstanding bonds are rated AAA or AA without an insurance guarantee. Many of the concerns regarding the
financial health of monoline insurers seem to have already been discounted by the municipal bond market. Valuations of municipals relative to Treasuries are at historically cheap levels.
At T. Rowe Price, as an ongoing and integral part of our municipal bond investment process, we have always evaluated the fundamental merits of the issuer of each municipal bond investment, whether the security is insured or not. We believe this rigorous attention to fundamental research will continue to reward our investors over the long term.
As our longer-term investors know, we do not make investment decisions predicated on economic forecasts, nor do we attempt to time the markets. We believe the portfolios are favorably positioned for a challenging economic
environment. We remain committed to finding and buying quality companies with good business models, strong managements, and favorable long-term prospects, and we will seek to produce strong long-term after-tax returns while attempting to maintain a
high degree of tax efficiency.
Respectfully submitted,
Donald J. Peters
Hugh D. McGuirk
March 14, 2008
The committee chairmen have day-to-day responsibility for managing the portfolios and work with committee members in developing and executing the funds investment programs.
RISKS OF STOCK INVESTING
The stock market as a whole can decline for many reasons, including adverse political or economic developments here or abroad, changes in investor psychology, or heavy institutional selling. The prospects for an industry or company may
deteriorate because of a variety of factors, including disappointing earnings or changes in the competitive environment. In addition, our assessment of companies held in the funds may prove incorrect, resulting in losses or poor performance even in
a rising market.
Growth stocks can be volatile for several reasons. Since growth companies usually reinvest a high proportion of their earnings in their own businesses, they may lack the dividends often associated with value stocks that could cushion
their decline in a falling market. Also, since investors buy growth stocks because of their expected superior earnings growth, earnings disappointments often result in sharp price declines.
The stocks of mid-cap companies entail greater risk and are usually more volatile than the shares of large companies. Investing in small companies also involves greater risk than is customarily associated with larger companies. Stocks
of small companies are subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company stocks. Small companies often have limited product lines, markets, or financial resources, and their managements may lack depth and experience. Such
companies seldom pay significant dividends that could cushion returns in a falling market.
Technology stocks are particularly volatile and subject to greater price swings, up and down, than the broad market. It is possible that companies whose products and services first appear promising may not succeed over the long term;
they may succumb to intense competition or could quickly become obsolete in a rapidly developing marketplace. Earnings projections for developing companies that are not met can result in sharp price declines. This is true even in a generally rising
stock market environment.
RISKS OF BOND INVESTING (TAX-EFFICIENT BALANCED FUND)
Like all bonds, municipal bonds have two main sources of risk: interest rate and credit risk. Interest rate risk is the decline in bond prices that usually accompanies a rise in interest rates. Longer-maturity bonds typically suffer
greater declines than those with shorter-term maturities. Credit risk is the chance that any fund holding could have its credit rating downgraded or that a bond issuer will default (fail to make timely payments of interest or principal), potentially
reducing the funds income level and share price. To the extent that we invest in junk bonds, credit risk will be higher since their issuers are more vulnerable to financial setbacks and recession than more creditworthy companies. Municipal
bonds are also subject to the possibility that tax reform or lower overall taxes may reduce their value or that individual issuers will be unable to meet their obligations due to problems in that state or locality.
GLOSSARY
Average company yield: Investment-weighted average yield of the underlying company yields. Individual company yields are calculated by dividing the estimated annual dividends per share by the current
price.
Earnings growth rate: Measures the annualized percent change in earnings per share for a given time period.
Fed funds target rate: An overnight lending rate set by the Federal Reserve and used by banks to meet reserve requirements. Banks also use the fed funds rate as a benchmark for their prime lending
rates.
Historical growth 5 years (least squared): Least squared growth calculation attempts to find the normal growth rate given a stream of historical growth rates. It searches for the growth rate that
best fits the line produced by a stream of growth numbers.
Investment-weighted median market capitalization: The investment-weighted midpoint market capitalization (shares outstanding x current price) representing a typical security in a portfolio. An
investment-weighted median represents the breakpoint where 50% of the values are above and 50% of the values are below based on portfolio weight.
Lehman Brothers Municipal Bond Index: An unmanaged index that tracks municipal debt instruments.
Lehman Brothers U.S. Aggregate Index: An unmanaged index that tracks domestic investment-grade bonds, including corporate, government, and mortgage-backed securities.
Lipper indices: Consist of a small number (10 to 30) of the largest mutual funds in a particular category as tracked by Lipper Inc. Price/earnings (P/E) ratio: A
ratio that shows the multiple of earnings at which a stock is selling. It is calculated by dividing a stocks current price by its current earnings per share. For example, if a stocks price is $60 per share and the issuing
company earns $2 per share, the P/E ratio is $60/$2, or 30. Projected long-term growth (IBES): Long-term projected earnings-per-share growth rate based on IBES estimates.
Return on equity (ROE): Calculated by dividing a companys net income by shareholders equity (i.e., the companys book value), ROE measures how much a company earns on each dollar that common
stock investors have put into that company. ROE indicates how effectively and efficiently a company and its management are using stockholder investments. Excluding charges refers to the earnings figure used in the calculation. It represents earnings
before extraordinary items and discontinued operations.
Russell 1000 Growth Index: Measures the performance of those Russell 1000 Index companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. Russell 1000 Index:
Measures the performance of the 1,000 largest companies in the Russell 3000 Index.
Russell 1000 Value Index: Measures the performance of those Russell 1000 companies with lower price-to-book ratios and lower forecasted growth values.
Russell 2000 Growth Index: Measures the performance of those Russell 2000 companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. Russell 2000 Index:
Measures the performance of the 2,000 smallest companies in the Russell 3000 Index.
Russell Midcap Growth Index: Measures the performance of those Russell Midcap companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. The stocks are also members of the Russell 1000
Growth Index.
Russell 2000 Value Index: Measures the performance of those Russell 2000 companies with lower price-to-book ratios and lower forecasted growth values.
Russell Midcap Index: Measures the performance of the 800 smallest companies in the Russell 1000 Index.
Russell Midcap Value Index: Measures the performance of those Russell Midcap companies with lower price-to-book ratios and lower forecasted growth values. The stocks are also members of the Russell 1000 Value
Index.
S&P 500 Stock Index: Tracks the stocks of 500 primarily large U.S. companies. Tender option bonds: Obligations that grant the bondholder the right to require
the issuer (or a specified third party acting as agent for the issuer) to purchase the bonds, usually at par, at a specified time or times prior to maturity or upon the occurrence of certain events or conditions.
Yield curve: A graphic depiction of the relationship between yields and maturity dates for a set of similar securities, such as Treasuries or municipal securities. Yield curves typically slope upward,
indicating that longer maturities offer higher yields. When the yield curve is flat, there is little or no difference between the yields offered by shorter- and longer-term securities.
Performance and Expenses
This chart shows the value of a hypothetical $10,000 investment in the fund over the past 10 fiscal year periods or since inception (for funds lacking 10-year records). The result is compared with benchmarks, which may include a
broad-based market index and a peer group average or index. Market indexes do not include expenses, which are deducted from fund returns as well as mutual fund averages and indexes.
This table shows how the fund would have performed each year if its actual (or cumulative) returns for the periods shown had been earned at a constant rate.
This chart shows the value of a hypothetical $10,000 investment in the fund over the past 10 fiscal year periods or since inception (for funds lacking 10-year records). The result is compared with benchmarks, which may include a
broad-based market index and a peer group average or index. Market indexes do not include expenses, which are deducted from fund returns as well as mutual fund averages and indexes.
This table shows how the fund would have performed each year if its actual (or cumulative) returns for the periods shown had been earned at a constant rate.
This chart shows the value of a hypothetical $10,000 investment in the fund over the past 10 fiscal year periods or since inception (for funds lacking 10-year records). The result is compared with benchmarks, which may include a
broad-based market index and a peer group average or index. Market indexes do not include expenses, which are deducted from fund returns as well as mutual fund averages and indexes.
This table shows how the fund would have performed each year if its actual (or cumulative) returns for the periods shown had been earned at a constant rate.
As a mutual fund shareholder, you may incur two types of costs: (1) transaction costs, such as redemption fees or sales loads, and (2) ongoing costs, including management fees, distribution and service (12b-1) fees, and other fund
expenses. The following example is intended to help you understand your ongoing costs (in dollars) of investing in the fund and to compare these costs with the ongoing costs of investing in other mutual funds. The example is based on an investment
of $1,000 invested at the beginning of the most recent six-month period and held for the entire period.
Actual Expenses
Hypothetical Example for Comparison Purposes Note: T. Rowe Price charges an annual small-account
maintenance fee of $10, generally for accounts with less than $2,000 ($500 for UGMA/UTMA). The fee is waived for any investor whose T. Rowe Price mutual fund accounts total $25,000 or more, accounts employing automatic investing, and
IRAs and other retirement plan accounts that utilize a prototype plan sponsored by T. Rowe Price (although a separate custodial or administrative fee may apply to such accounts). This fee is not included in the accompanying table. If you are subject
to the fee, keep it in mind when you are estimating the ongoing expenses of investing in the fund and when comparing the expenses of this fund with other funds.
You should also be aware that the expenses shown in the table highlight only your ongoing costs and do not reflect any transaction costs, such as redemption fees or sales loads. Therefore, the second line of the table is useful in
comparing ongoing costs only and will not help you determine the relative total costs of owning different funds. To the extent a fund charges transaction costs, however, the total cost of owning that fund is higher.
Item 1: Report to Shareholders
Tax-Efficient Growth Fund
February 29, 2008
We structure and manage the funds equity portfolio like the Tax-Efficient Growth Fund. In the last six months, the performance of the funds equity portfolio relative to other large-cap growth funds (as measured by the
Lipper Large-Cap Growth Funds Index) and the broad S&P 500 was hurt by weak stock selection in the information technology sector, particularly Internet software and services companies. Emphasizing stocks of high-quality semiconductor
companies with reasonable valuations also hurt our results. On the plus side, relatively favorable stock selection in the slumping financials sector helped our performance. Trust banks such as State Street
and Northern Trust produced excellent results and continue to have great long-term prospects.
New municipal issuance in 2007 reached a record $427 billion, according to The Bond Buyer, eclipsing the previous record of $408 billion in 2005. While demand from retail
investors has been strong given the adjustment in tax-free interest rates, overall demand for tax-free securities from nontraditional investors, such as hedge funds and foreign entities, has slowed down, which has contributed to municipal market
weakness. Although conventional new supply is down thus far this year, there has been an increase in secondary supplystemming in part from the unwinding of structured transactions that create floating-rate securities from pools of long-term
municipal bonds. In addition, tax-free bonds have been lagging in part because of concerns that the economic slowdown and falling real estate values will have an adverse impact on revenues collected by municipal governments.
Cochairman of the Investment Advisory Committee,
Tax-Efficient Balanced Fund
Chairman of the Investment Advisory Committee,
Tax-Efficient Growth and Tax-Efficient Multi-Cap Growth Funds
Cochairman of the Investment Advisory Committee,
Tax-Efficient Balanced Fund
GROWTH OF $10,000
AVERAGE ANNUAL COMPOUND TOTAL RETURN
GROWTH OF $10,000
AVERAGE ANNUAL COMPOUND TOTAL RETURN
GROWTH OF $10,000
AVERAGE ANNUAL COMPOUND TOTAL RETURN
FUND EXPENSE EXAMPLE
The first line of the following table (Actual) provides information about actual account values and expenses based on the funds actual returns. You may use the information in this line, together with your account
balance, to estimate the expenses that you paid over the period. Simply divide your account value by $1,000 (for example, an $8,600 account value divided by $1,000 = 8.6), then multiply the result by the number in the first line under
the heading Expenses Paid During Period to estimate the expenses you paid on your account during this period.
The information on the second line of the table (Hypothetical) is based on hypothetical account values and expenses derived from the funds actual expense ratio and an assumed 5% per year rate of return before expenses
(not the funds actual return). You may compare the ongoing costs of investing in the fund with other funds by contrasting this 5% hypothetical example and the 5% hypothetical examples that appear in the shareholder reports of the other funds.
The hypothetical account values and expenses may not be used to estimate the actual ending account balance or expenses you paid for the period.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Funds, Inc. (the corporation), is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). The Tax-Efficient Growth Fund (the fund), a diversified, open-end management investment company, is one portfolio established by the corporation. The fund commenced operations on July 30, 1999. The fund seeks to provide long-term capital growth on an after-tax basis.
The accompanying financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require the use of estimates made by fund management. Fund management believes that estimates and security valuations are appropriate; however, actual results may differ from those estimates, and the security valuations reflected in the financial statements may differ from the value the fund ultimately realizes upon sale of the securities.
Valuation The fund values its investments and computes its net asset value per share at the close of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), normally 4 p.m. ET, each day that the NYSE is open for business. Equity securities listed or regularly traded on a securities exchange or in the over-the-counter (OTC) market are valued at the last quoted sale price or, for certain markets, the official closing price at the time the valuations are made, except for OTC Bulletin Board securities, which are valued at the mean of the latest bid and asked prices. A security that is listed or traded on more than one exchange is valued at the quotation on the exchange determined to be the primary market for such security. Listed securities not traded on a particular day are valued at the mean of the latest bid and asked prices for domestic securities and the last quoted sale price for international securities.
Investments in mutual funds are valued at the mutual funds closing net asset value per share on the day of valuation.
Other investments, including restricted securities, and those for which the above valuation procedures are inappropriate or are deemed not to reflect fair value are stated at fair value as determined in good faith by the T. Rowe Price Valuation Committee, established by the funds Board of Directors.
Redemption Fees A 1% fee is assessed on redemptions of fund shares held less than 365 days to deter short-term trading and to protect the interests of long-term shareholders. Redemption fees are withheld from proceeds that shareholders receive from the sale or exchange of fund shares. The fees are paid to the fund, and are recorded as an increase to paid-in capital. The fees may cause the redemption price per share to differ from the net asset value per share.
Investment Transactions, Investment Income, and Distributions Income and expenses are recorded on the accrual basis. Dividends received from mutual fund investments are reflected as dividend income; capital gain distributions are reflected as realized gain/loss. Dividend income is recorded on the ex-dividend date. Income tax-related interest and penalties, if incurred, would be recorded as income tax expense. Investment transactions are accounted for on the trade date. Realized gains and losses are reported on the identified cost basis. Distributions to shareholders are recorded on the ex-dividend date. Income distributions are declared and paid on an annual basis. Capital gain distributions, if any, are declared and paid by the fund, typically on an annual basis.
New Accounting Pronouncements Effective August 31, 2007, the fund adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, a clarification of FASB Statement No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. FIN 48 establishes financial accounting and disclosure requirements for recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on an income tax return. The adoption of FIN 48 had no impact on the funds net assets or results of operations.
In September 2006, the FASB released the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 157 (FAS 157), Fair Value Measurements. FAS 157 clarifies the definition of fair value and establishes the framework for measuring fair value, as well as proper disclosure of this methodology in the financial statements. It will be effective for the funds fiscal year beginning March 1, 2008. Management is evaluating the effects of FAS 157; however, it is not expected to have a material impact on the funds net assets or results of operations.
NOTE 2 - INVESTMENT TRANSACTIONS
Consistent with its investment objective, the fund engages in the following practices to manage exposure to certain risks or to enhance performance. The investment objective, policies, program, and risk factors of the fund are described more fully in the funds prospectus and Statement of Additional Information.
Securities Lending The fund lends its securities to approved brokers to earn additional income. It receives as collateral cash and U.S. government securities valued at 102% to 105% of the value of the securities on loan. Cash collateral is invested in a money market pooled trust managed by the funds lending agent in accordance with investment guidelines approved by fund management. Collateral is maintained over the life of the loan in an amount not less than the value of loaned securities, as determined at the close of fund business each day; any additional collateral required due to changes in security values is delivered to the fund the next business day. Although risk is mitigated by the collateral, the fund could experience a delay in recovering its securities and a possible loss of income or value if the borrower fails to return the securities. Securities lending revenue recognized by the fund consists of earnings on invested collateral and borrowing fees, net of any rebates to the borrower and compensation to the lending agent. At February 29, 2008, the value of loaned securities was $13,295,000; aggregate collateral consisted of $13,582,000 in the money market pooled trust and U.S. government securities valued at $439,000.
Other Purchases and sales of portfolio securities, other than short-term securities, aggregated $19,514,000 and $19,664,000, respectively, for the year ended February 29, 2008.
NOTE 3 - FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
No provision for federal income taxes is required since the fund intends to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code and distribute to shareholders all of its taxable income and gains. Federal income tax regulations differ from generally accepted accounting principles; therefore, distributions determined in accordance with tax regulations may differ significantly in amount or character from net investment income and realized gains for financial reporting purposes. Financial reporting records are adjusted for permanent book/tax differences to reflect tax character. Financial records are not adjusted for temporary differences.
Distributions during the year ended February 29, 2008, totaled $287,000 and were characterized as ordinary income for tax purposes. At February 29, 2008, the tax-basis components of net assets were as follows:
The fund intends to retain realized gains to the extent of available capital loss carryforwards. During the fiscal year ended February 29, 2008, the fund utilized $2,002,000 of capital loss carryforwards. As of February 29, 2008, the fund had $3,135,000 of capital loss carryforwards that expire in fiscal 2009, $6,703,000 that expire in fiscal 2010, $3,838,000 that expire in fiscal 2011, $3,683,000 that expire in fiscal 2012, and $5,000 that expire in fiscal 2013.
For the year ended February 29, 2008, the fund recorded the following permanent reclassifications to reflect tax character. Reclassifications to paid-in capital relate primarily to the per share rounding of distributions. Results of operations and net assets were not affected by these reclassifications.
At February 29, 2008, the cost of investments for federal income tax purposes was $58,167,000.
NOTE 4 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The fund is managed by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (the manager or Price Associates), a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. The investment management agreement between the fund and the manager provides for an annual investment management fee, which is computed daily and paid monthly. The fee consists of an individual fund fee, equal to 0.30% of the funds average daily net assets, and a group fee. The group fee rate is calculated based on the combined net assets of certain mutual funds sponsored by Price Associates (the group) applied to a graduated fee schedule, with rates ranging from 0.48% for the first $1 billion of assets to 0.285% for assets in excess of $220 billion. The funds group fee is determined by applying the group fee rate to the funds average daily net assets. At February 29, 2008, the effective annual group fee rate was 0.30%.
In addition, the fund has entered into service agreements with Price Associates and two wholly owned subsidiaries of Price Associates (collectively, Price). Price Associates computes the daily share price and provides certain other administrative services to the fund. T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., provides shareholder and administrative services in its capacity as the funds transfer and dividend disbursing agent. T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc., provides subaccounting and recordkeeping services for certain retirement accounts invested in the fund. For the year ended February 29, 2008, expenses incurred pursuant to these service agreements were $100,000 for Price Associates, $60,000 for T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and $0 for T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. The total amount payable at period-end pursuant to these service agreements is reflected as Due to Affiliates in the accompanying financial statements.
The fund
may invest in the T. Rowe Price Reserve Investment Fund and the T. Rowe Price Government Reserve Investment Fund (collectively, the T. Rowe Price Reserve Investment Funds), open-end management investment companies managed by Price Associates and
affiliates of the fund. The T. Rowe Price Reserve Investment Funds are offered as cash management options to mutual funds, trusts, and other accounts managed by Price Associates and/or its affiliates, and are not available for direct purchase by
members of the public. The T. Rowe Price Reserve Investment Funds pay no investment management fees.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM |
To the Board of Directors of T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Funds, Inc. and Shareholders of T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Growth Fund
In our opinion, the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities, including the portfolio of investments, and the related statements of operations and of changes in net assets and the financial highlights present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Growth Fund (one of the portfolios comprising T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Funds, Inc. hereafter referred to as the Fund) at February 29, 2008, the results of its operations for the year then ended, the changes in its net assets for each of the two years in the period then ended and the financial highlights for each of the five years in the period then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements and financial highlights (hereafter referred to as financial statements) are the responsibility of the Funds management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the auditing standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits, which included confirmation of securities at February 29, 2008, by correspondence with the custodian and transfer agent, provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Baltimore, Maryland
April 11, 2008
TAX INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) FOR THE TAX YEAR ENDED 02/29/08 |
We are providing this information as required by the Internal Revenue Code. The amounts shown may differ from those elsewhere in this report because of differences between tax and financial reporting requirements.
For taxable non-corporate shareholders, $248,000 of the funds income represents qualified dividend income subject to the 15% rate category.
For corporate shareholders, $248,000 of the funds income qualifies for the dividends-received deduction.
INFORMATION ON PROXY VOTING POLICIES, PROCEDURES, AND RECORDS |
A description of the policies and procedures used by T. Rowe Price funds and portfolios to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities is available in each funds Statement of Additional Information, which you may request by calling 1-800-225-5132 or by accessing the SECs Web site, www.sec.gov. The description of our proxy voting policies and procedures is also available on our Web site, www.troweprice.com. To access it, click on the words Company Info at the top of our homepage for individual investors. Then, in the window that appears, click on the Proxy Voting Policy navigation button in the top left corner.
Each funds most recent annual proxy voting record is available on our Web site and through the SECs Web site. To access it through our Web site, follow the directions above, then click on the words Proxy Voting Record at the bottom of the Proxy Voting Policy page.
HOW TO OBTAIN QUARTERLY PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS |
The fund files a complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year on Form N-Q. The funds Form N-Q is available electronically on the
SECs Web site (www.sec.gov); hard copies may be reviewed and copied at the SECs Public Reference Room, 450 Fifth St. N.W., Washington, DC 20549. For more information on the Public Reference Room, call 1-800-SEC-0330.
ABOUT THE FUNDS DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS |
Your fund is governed by a Board of Directors (Board) that meets regularly to review a wide variety of matters affecting the fund, including performance, investment programs, compliance matters, advisory fees and expenses, service providers, and other business affairs. The Board elects the funds officers, who are listed in the final table. At least 75% of Board members are independent of T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (T. Rowe Price), and T. Rowe Price International, Inc. (T. Rowe Price International); inside or interested directors are employees or officers of T. Rowe Price. The business address of each director and officer is 100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. The Statement of Additional Information includes additional information about the directors and is available without charge by calling a T. Rowe Price representative at 1-800-225-5132.
Independent Directors | |
Name | |
(Year of Birth) | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years and |
Year Elected* | Directorships of Other Public Companies |
Jeremiah E. Casey | Director, National Life Insurance (2001 to 2005); Director, The Rouse |
(1940) | Company, real estate developers (1990 to 2004) |
2005 | |
Anthony W. Deering | Chairman, Exeter Capital, LLC, a private investment firm (2004 to |
(1945) | present); Director, Vornado Real Estate Investment Trust (3/04 to |
2001 | present); Director, Mercantile Bankshares (2002 to 2007); Member, |
Advisory Board, Deutsche Bank North America (2004 to present); | |
Director, Chairman of the Board, and Chief Executive Officer, The | |
Rouse Company, real estate developers (1997 to 2004) | |
Donald W. Dick, Jr. | Principal, EuroCapital Advisors, LLC, an acquisition and management |
(1943) | advisory firm (10/95 to present); Chairman, The Haven Group, a |
1997 | custom manufacturer of modular homes (1/04 to present) |
David K. Fagin | Chairman and President, Nye Corporation (6/88 to present); |
(1938) | Chairman, Canyon Resources Corp. (8/07 to present); Director, |
1997 | Golden Star Resources Ltd. (5/92 to present); Director, Pacific Rim |
Mining Corp. (2/02 to present) | |
Karen N. Horn | Director, Federal National Mortgage Association (9/06 to present); |
(1943) | Managing Director and President, Global Private Client Services, |
2003 | Marsh Inc. (1999 to 2003); Director, Eli Lilly and Company and Simon |
Property Group |
Theo C. Rodgers | President, A&R Development Corporation (1977 to present) |
(1941) | |
2005 | |
John G. Schreiber | Owner/President, Centaur Capital Partners, Inc., a real estate invest- |
(1946) | ment company (1991 to present); Partner, Blackstone Real Estate |
2001 | Advisors, L.P. (10/92 to present) |
* Each independent director oversees 122 T. Rowe Price portfolios and serves until retirement, resignation, | |
or election of a successor. |
Inside Directors | |
Name | |
(Year of Birth) | |
Year Elected* | |
[Number of T. Rowe Price | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years and |
Portfolios Overseen] | Directorships of Other Public Companies |
Edward C. Bernard | Director and Vice President, T. Rowe Price; Vice Chairman of the |
(1956) | Board, Director, and Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; |
2006 | Chairman of the Board, Director, and President, T. Rowe Price |
[122] | Investment Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board and Director, |
T. Rowe Price Global Asset Management Limited, T. Rowe Price | |
Global Investment Services Limited, T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan | |
Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Savings Bank, and T. Rowe Price | |
Services, Inc.; Director, T. Rowe Price International, Inc.; Chief | |
Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board, Director, and President, | |
T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chairman of the Board, all funds | |
Brian C. Rogers, CFA, CIC | Chief Investment Officer, Director, and Vice President, T. Rowe Price; |
(1955) | Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, Director, and Vice |
2006 | President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Vice President, T. Rowe Price |
[68] | Trust Company |
* Each inside director serves until retirement, resignation, or election of a successor. |
Officers | |
Name (Year of Birth) | |
Title and Fund(s) Served | Principal Occupation(s) |
Joseph A. Carrier, CPA (1960) | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price |
Treasurer, Tax-Efficient Funds | Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price Investment Services, |
Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
Donald J. Easley, CFA (1971) | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price |
Vice President, Tax-Efficient Funds | Group, Inc. |
Roger L. Fiery III, CPA (1959) | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price |
Vice President, Tax-Efficient Funds | Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price International, Inc., |
and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | |
John R. Gilner (1961) | Chief Compliance Officer and Vice President, |
Chief Compliance Officer, Tax-Efficient Funds | T. Rowe Price; Vice President, T. Rowe Price |
Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Investment | |
Services, Inc. | |
Gregory S. Golczewski (1966) | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price |
Vice President, Tax-Efficient Funds | Trust Company |
Henry H. Hopkins (1942) | Director and Vice President, T. Rowe Price |
Vice President, Tax-Efficient Funds | Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, |
Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Vice | |
President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, | |
Inc., T. Rowe Price International, Inc., and | |
T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | |
Patricia B. Lippert (1953) | Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe Price and |
Secretary, Tax-Efficient Funds | T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc. |
Hugh D. McGuirk, CFA (1960) | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price |
Executive Vice President, Tax-Efficient Funds | Group, Inc. |
Mary J. Miller, CFA (1955) | Director, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Director |
Vice President, Tax-Efficient Funds | and Vice President, T. Rowe Price; Vice |
President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |
Donald J. Peters (1959) | Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price |
President, Tax-Efficient Funds | Group, Inc. |
William J. Stromberg, CFA (1960) | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price |
Vice President, Tax-Efficient Funds | Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company |
Julie L. Waples (1970) | Vice President, T. Rowe Price |
Vice President, Tax-Efficient Funds | |
Mark R. Weigman, CFA, CIC (1962) | Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price |
Vice President, Tax-Efficient Funds | Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company |
Unless otherwise noted, officers have been employees of T. Rowe Price or T. Rowe Price International | |
for at least five years. |
Item 2. Code of Ethics.
The registrant has adopted a code of ethics, as defined in Item 2 of Form N-CSR, applicable to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. A copy of this code of ethics is filed as an exhibit to this Form N-CSR. No substantive amendments were approved or waivers were granted to this code of ethics during the period covered by this report.
Item 3. Audit Committee Financial Expert.
The registrants Board of Directors/Trustees has determined that Ms. Karen N. Horn qualifies as an audit committee financial expert, as defined in Item 3 of Form N-CSR. Ms. Horn is considered independent for purposes of Item 3 of Form N-CSR.
Item 4. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
(a) (d) Aggregate fees billed to the registrant for the last two fiscal years for professional services rendered by the registrants principal accountant were as follows:
Audit fees include amounts related to the audit of the registrants annual financial statements and services normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings. Audit-related fees include amounts reasonably related to the performance of the audit of the registrants financial statements and specifically include the issuance of a report on internal controls and, if applicable, agreed-upon procedures related to fund acquisitions. Tax fees include amounts related to services for tax compliance, tax planning, and tax advice. The nature of these services specifically includes the review of distribution calculations and the preparation of Federal, state, and excise tax returns. All other fees include the registrants pro-rata share of amounts for agreed-upon procedures in conjunction with service contract approvals by the registrants Board of Directors/Trustees.
(e)(1) The registrants audit committee has adopted a policy whereby audit and non-audit services performed by the registrants principal accountant for the registrant, its investment adviser, and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the investment adviser that provides ongoing services to the registrant require pre-approval in advance at regularly scheduled audit committee meetings. If such a service is required between regularly scheduled audit committee meetings, pre-approval may be authorized by one audit committee member with ratification at the next scheduled audit committee meeting. Waiver of pre-approval for audit or non-audit services requiring fees of a de minimis amount is not permitted.
(2) No services included in (b) (d) above were approved pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.
(f) Less than 50 percent of the hours expended on the principal accountants engagement to audit the registrants financial statements for the most recent fiscal year were attributed to work performed by persons other than the principal accountants full-time, permanent employees.
(g) The aggregate fees billed for the most recent fiscal year and the preceding fiscal year by the registrants principal accountant for non-audit services rendered to the registrant, its investment adviser, and any entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the investment adviser that provides ongoing services to the registrant were $1,486,000 and $1,263,000, respectively, and were less than the aggregate fees billed for those same periods by the registrants principal accountant for audit services rendered to the T. Rowe Price Funds.
(h) All non-audit services rendered in (g) above were pre-approved by the registrants audit committee. Accordingly, these services were considered by the registrants audit committee in maintaining the principal accountants independence.
Item 5. Audit Committee of Listed Registrants.
Not applicable.
Item 6. Schedule of Investments.
Not applicable. The complete schedule of investments is included in Item 1 of this Form N-CSR.
Item 7. Disclosure of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures for Closed-End Management Investment Companies.
Not applicable.
Item 8. Portfolio Managers of Closed-End Management Investment Companies.
Not applicable.
Item 9. Purchases of Equity Securities by Closed-End Management Investment Company and Affiliated Purchasers.
Not applicable.
Item 10. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
Not applicable.
Item 11. Controls and Procedures.
(a) The registrants principal executive officer and principal financial officer have evaluated the registrants disclosure controls and procedures within 90 days of this filing and have concluded that the registrants disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of that date, in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the registrant in this Form N-CSR was recorded, processed, summarized, and reported timely.
(b) The registrants principal executive officer and principal financial officer are aware of no change in the registrants internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrants second fiscal quarter covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrants internal control over financial reporting.
Item 12. Exhibits.
(a)(1) The registrants code of ethics pursuant to Item 2 of Form N-CSR is attached.
(2) Separate certifications by the registrant's principal executive officer and principal financial officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and required by Rule 30a-2(a) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, are attached.
(3) Written solicitation to repurchase securities issued by closed-end companies: not applicable.
(b) A certification by the registrant's principal executive officer and principal financial officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and required by Rule 30a-2(b) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, is attached.
SIGNATURES |
|
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment | |
Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the | |
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. | |
T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Funds, Inc. | |
By | /s/ Edward C. Bernard |
Edward C. Bernard | |
Principal Executive Officer | |
Date | April 18, 2008 |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment | |
Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of | |
the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. | |
By | /s/ Edward C. Bernard |
Edward C. Bernard | |
Principal Executive Officer | |
Date | April 18, 2008 |
By | /s/ Gregory K. Hinkle |
Gregory K. Hinkle | |
Principal Financial Officer | |
Date | April 18, 2008 |
Item 12(a)(2).
CERTIFICATIONS
|
I, Edward C. Bernard, certify that: | ||
1. | I have reviewed this report on Form N-CSR of T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Growth Fund; | |
2. |
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit |
|
to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under |
||
which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
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3. |
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this |
|
report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in |
||
net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash |
||
flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
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4. |
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining |
|
disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act |
||
of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the |
||
Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have: |
||
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and |
||
procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to |
||
the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those |
||
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
||
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over |
||
financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance |
||
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for |
||
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
||
(c) |
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in |
|
this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of |
||
a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this report based on such evaluation; and |
||
(d) |
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrants internal control over financial reporting that |
|
occurred during the second fiscal quarter of the period covered by this report that has materially |
||
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrants internal control over financial |
||
reporting; and |
||
5. |
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed to the registrant's auditors and the |
|
audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent |
||
functions): |
||
(a) |
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control |
|
over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to |
||
record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and |
||
(b) |
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a |
|
significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: | April 18, 2008 | /s/ Edward C. Bernard |
Edward C. Bernard | ||
Principal Executive Officer |
CERTIFICATIONS
|
I, Gregory K. Hinkle, certify that: | ||
1. | I have reviewed this report on Form N-CSR of T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Growth Fund; | |
2. |
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit |
|
to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under |
||
which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
||
3. |
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this |
|
report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in |
||
net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash |
||
flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
||
4. |
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining |
|
disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act |
||
of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the |
||
Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have: |
||
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and |
||
procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to |
||
the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those |
||
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
||
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over |
||
financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance |
||
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for |
||
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
||
(c) |
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in |
|
this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of |
||
a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this report based on such evaluation; and |
||
(d) |
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrants internal control over financial reporting that |
|
occurred during the second fiscal quarter of the period covered by this report that has materially |
||
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrants internal control over financial |
||
reporting; and |
||
5. |
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed to the registrant's auditors and the |
|
audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent |
||
functions): |
||
(a) |
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control |
|
over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to |
||
record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and |
||
(b) |
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a |
|
significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: | April 18, 2008 | /s/ Gregory K. Hinkle |
Gregory K. Hinkle | ||
Principal Financial Officer |
Item 12(b). | |||
CERTIFICATION UNDER SECTION 906 OF SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 | |||
Name of Issuer: T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Growth Fund | |||
In connection with the Report on Form N-CSR for the above named Issuer, the undersigned hereby | |||
certifies, to the best of his knowledge, that: | |||
1. | The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities | ||
Exchange Act of 1934; | |||
2. | The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial | ||
condition and results of operations of the Issuer. | |||
Date: April 18, 2008 | /s/ Edward C. Bernard | ||
Edward C. Bernard | |||
Principal Executive Officer | |||
Date: April 18, 2008 | /s/ Gregory K. Hinkle | ||
Gregory K. Hinkle | |||
Principal Financial Officer |
CODE OF ETHICS FOR PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE AND SENIOR FINANCIAL | |||
OFFICERS OF THE PRICE FUNDS | |||
UNDER THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 | |||
I. General Statement. This Code of Ethics (the Price Funds S-O Code) has been designed | |||
to bring the Price Funds into compliance with the applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley | |||
Act of 2002 (the Act) rules promulgated by The Securities and Exchange Commission | |||
thereunder (Regulations). The Price Funds S-O Code applies solely to the Principal | |||
Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer or Controller of, or | |||
persons performing similar functions for, a Price Fund (whether such persons are employed by a | |||
Price Fund or third party) (Covered Officers). The Price Funds shall include each mutual | |||
fund that is managed, sponsored and distributed by affiliates of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | |||
(Group). The investment managers to the Price Funds will be referred to as the Price Fund | |||
Advisers. A list of Covered Officers is attached as Exhibit A. | |||
The Price Fund Advisers have, along with their parent, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. (Group) | |||
also maintained a comprehensive Code of Ethics and Conduct (the Group Code) since 1972, | |||
which applies to all officers, directors and employees of the Price Funds, Group and its affiliates. | |||
As mandated by the Act, Group has adopted a Code (the Group S-O Code), similar to the | |||
Price Funds S-O Code, which applies solely to its principal executive and senior financial | |||
officers. The Group S-O Code and the Price Funds S-O Code will be referred to collectively as | |||
the S-O Codes. | |||
The Price Funds S-O Code has been adopted by the Price Funds in accordance with the Act and | |||
Regulations thereunder and will be administered in conformity with the disclosure requirements | |||
of Item 2 of Form N-CSR. The S-O Codes are attachments to the Group Code. In many respects | |||
the S-O Codes are supplementary to the Group Code, but the Group Code is administered | |||
separately from the S-O Codes, as the S-O Codes are from each other. | |||
II. Purpose of the Price Funds S-O Code. The purpose of the Price Funds S-O Code, as | |||
mandated by the Act and the Regulations, is to establish standards that are reasonably designed | |||
to deter wrongdoing and to promote: | |||
Ethical Conduct. Honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or | |||
apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships. | |||
Disclosure. Full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in reports and | |||
documents that the Price Funds file with, or submit to, the SEC and in other public | |||
communications made by the Price Funds. | |||
Compliance. Compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations. | |||
Reporting of Violations. The prompt internal reporting of violations of the Price Funds | |||
S-O Code to an appropriate person or persons identified in the Price Funds S-O Code. | |||
Accountability. Accountability for adherence to the Price Funds S-O Code. |
III. Covered Officers Should Handle Ethically Actual and Apparent Conflicts of Interest. |
Overview. Each Covered Officer owes a duty to the Price Funds to adhere to a high standard of |
honesty and business ethics and should be sensitive to situations that may give rise to actual as |
well as apparent conflicts of interest. |
A conflict of interest occurs when a Covered Officers private interest interferes with the |
interests of, or his or her service to, the Price Funds. For example, a conflict of interest would |
arise if a Covered Officer, or a member of his or her family, receives improper personal benefits |
as a result of his or her position with a Price Fund. |
Certain conflicts of interest covered by the Price Funds S-O Code arise out of the relationships |
between Covered Officers and the Price Funds and may already be subject to provisions |
regulating conflicts of interest in the Investment Company Act of 1940 (Investment Company |
Act), the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (Investment Advisers Act) and the Group Code. |
For example, Covered Officers may not individually engage in certain transactions (such as the |
purchase or sale of securities or other property) with a Price Fund because of their status as |
affiliated persons of a Price Fund. The compliance programs and procedures of the Price |
Funds and Price Fund Advisers are designed to prevent, or identify and correct, violations of |
these provisions. |
Although typically not presenting an opportunity for improper personal benefit, conflicts arise |
from, or as a result of, the contractual relationship between a Price Fund and its Price Fund |
Adviser (and its affiliates) of which the Covered Officers may also be officers or employees. As |
a result, the Price Funds S-O Code recognizes that the Covered Officers will, in the normal |
course of their duties (whether formally for the Price Funds or for the Price Fund Advisers, or for |
both), be involved in establishing policies and implementing decisions which will have different |
effects on these entities. The participation of the Covered Officers in such activities is inherent |
in the contractual relationship between each Price Fund and its respective Price Fund Adviser. |
Such participation is also consistent with the performance by the Covered Officers of their duties |
as officers of the Price Funds and, if consistent with the provisions of the Investment Company |
Act and the Investment Advisers Act, it will be deemed to have been handled ethically. |
Other conflicts of interest are covered by the Price Funds S-O Code, even if these conflicts of |
interest are not addressed by or subject to provisions in the Investment Company Act and the |
Investment Advisers Act. |
Whenever a Covered Officer is confronted with a conflict of interest situation where he or she is |
uncertain as to the appropriate action to be taken, he or she should discuss the matter with the |
Chairperson of Groups Ethics Committee or another member of the Committee. |
Handling of Specific Types of Conflicts. Each Covered Officer (and close family members) |
must not: |
Entertainment. Accept entertainment from any company with which any Price |
Fund or any Price Fund Adviser has current or prospective business dealings, |
including portfolio companies, unless such entertainment is in full compliance |
with the policy on entertainment as set forth in the Group Code. |
Gifts. Accept any gifts, except as permitted by the Group Code. |
Improper Personal Influence. Use his or her personal influence or personal | ||
relationships improperly to influence investment decisions, brokerage allocations | ||
or financial reporting by the Price Funds to the detriment of any one or more of | ||
the Price Funds. | ||
Taking Action at the Expense of a Price Fund. Cause a Price Fund to take | ||
action, or fail to take action, for the personal benefit of the Covered Officer rather | ||
than for the benefit of one or more of the Price Funds. | ||
Misuse of Price Funds Transaction Information. Use knowledge of portfolio | ||
transactions made or contemplated for a Price Fund or any other clients of the | ||
Price Fund Advisers to trade personally or cause others to trade in order to take | ||
advantage of or avoid the market impact of such portfolio transactions. | ||
Outside Business Activities. Engage in any outside business activity that | ||
detracts from a Covered Officers ability to devote appropriate time and attention | ||
to his or her responsibilities to a Price Fund. | ||
Service Providers. Excluding Group and its affiliates, have any ownership | ||
interest in, or any consulting or employment relationship with, any of the Price | ||
Funds service providers, except that an ownership interest in public companies is | ||
permitted | ||
Receipt of Payments. Have a direct or indirect financial interest in commissions, | ||
transaction charges, spreads or other payments paid by a Price Fund for effecting | ||
portfolio transactions or for selling or redeeming shares other than an interest | ||
(such as compensation or equity ownership) arising from the Covered Officers | ||
employment by Group or any of its affiliates. | ||
Service as a Director or Trustee. Serve as a director, trustee or officer of any | ||
public or private company or a non-profit organization that issues securities | ||
eligible for purchase by any of the Price Funds, unless approval is obtained as | ||
required by the Group Code. | ||
IV. Covered Officers Specific Obligations and Accountabilities. | ||
A. Disclosure Requirements and Controls. Each Covered Officer must | ||
familiarize himself or herself with the disclosure requirements (Form N-1A registration | ||
statement, proxy (Schedule 14A), shareholder reports, Forms N-SAR, N-CSR, etc.) | ||
applicable to the Price Funds and the disclosure controls and procedures of the Price | ||
Fund and the Price Fund Advisers. | ||
B. Compliance with Applicable Law. It is the responsibility of each Covered | ||
Officer to promote compliance with all laws, rules and regulations applicable to the Price | ||
Funds and the Price Fund Advisers. Each Covered Officer should, to the extent | ||
appropriate within his or her area of responsibility, consult with other officers and | ||
employees of the Price Funds and the Price Fund Advisers and take other appropriate | ||
steps with the goal of promoting full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure | ||
in the reports and documents the Price Funds file with, or submit to, the SEC, and in | ||
other public communications made by the Price Funds. |
C. Fair Disclosure. Each Covered Officer must not knowingly misrepresent, or |
cause others to misrepresent, facts about a Price Fund to others, whether within or |
outside the Price organization, including to the Price Funds directors and auditors, and |
to governmental regulators and self-regulatory organizations. |
D. Initial and Annual Affirmations. Each Covered Officer must: |
1. Upon adoption of the Price Funds S-O Code (or thereafter, as applicable, upon |
becoming a Covered Officer), affirm in writing that he or she has received, read, |
and understands the Price Funds S-O Code. |
2. Annually affirm that he or she has complied with the requirements of the Price |
Funds S-O Code. |
E. Reporting of Material Violations of the Price Funds S-O Code. If a |
Covered Officer becomes aware of any material violation of the Price Funds S-O Code |
or laws and governmental rules and regulations applicable to the operations of the |
Price Funds, he or she must promptly report the violation (Report) to the Chief |
Legal Counsel of the Price Funds (CLC). Failure to report a material violation will |
be considered itself a violation of the Price Funds S-O Code. The CLC is identified in |
the attached Exhibit B. |
It is the Price Funds policy that no retaliation or other adverse action will be taken |
against any Covered Officer or other employee of a Price Fund, a Price Fund Adviser |
or their affiliates based upon any lawful actions of the Covered Officer or employee |
with respect to a Report made in good faith. |
F. Annual Disclosures. Each Covered Officer must report, at least annually, all |
affiliations or other relationships as called for in the Annual Questionnaire for |
Executive Officers and/or Employee Directors/Trustees of Group and the Price Funds. |
V. Administration of the Price Funds S-O Code. The Ethics Committee is responsible for |
administering the Price Funds S-O Code and applying its provisions to specific situations in |
which questions are presented. |
A. Waivers and Interpretations. The Chairperson of the Ethics Committee has |
the authority to interpret the Price Funds S-O Code in any particular situation and to |
grant waivers where justified, subject to the approval of the Joint Audit Committee of |
the Price Funds. All material interpretations concerning Covered Officers will be |
reported to the Joint Audit Committee of the Price Funds at its next meeting. Waivers, |
including implicit waivers, to Covered Officers will be publicly disclosed as required |
in the Instructions to N-CSR. Pursuant to the definition in the Regulations, an implicit |
waiver means a Price Funds failure to take action within a reasonable period of time |
regarding a material departure from a provision of the Price Funds S-O Code that has |
been made known to an executive officer (as defined in Rule 3b-7 under the |
Securities Exchange Act of 1934) of a Price Fund. An executive officer of a Price |
Fund includes its president and any vice-president in charge of a principal business |
unit, division or function. |
B. Violations/Investigations. The following procedures will be followed in |
investigating and enforcing the Price Funds S-O Code: |
1. The CLC will take or cause to be taken appropriate action to |
investigate any potential or actual violation reported to him or her. |
2. The CLC, after consultation if deemed appropriate with Outside |
Counsel to the Price Funds, will make a recommendation to the |
appropriate Price Funds Board regarding the action to be taken with |
regard to each material violation. Such action could include any of the |
following: a letter of censure or suspension, a fine, a suspension of trading |
privileges or termination of officership or employment. In addition, the |
violator may be required to surrender any profit realized (or loss avoided) |
from any activity that is in violation of the Price Funds S-O Code. |
VI. Amendments to the Price Funds S-O Code. Except as to the contents of Exhibit A and |
Exhibit B, the Price Funds S-O Code may not be materially amended except in written form, |
which is specifically approved or ratified by a majority vote of each Price Fund Board, including |
a majority of the independent directors on each Board. |
VII. Confidentiality. All reports and records prepared or maintained pursuant to the Price |
Funds S-O Code will be considered confidential and shall be maintained and protected |
accordingly. Except as otherwise required by law, the Price Funds S-O Code or as necessary in |
connection with regulations under the Price Funds S-O Code, such matters shall not be disclosed |
to anyone other than the directors of the appropriate Price Fund Board, Outside Counsel to the |
Price Funds, members of the Ethics Committee and the CLC and authorized persons on his or |
her staff. |
Preparation Date: 9/30/03 |
Adoption Date: 10/22/03 |
Exhibit A |
Persons Covered by the Price Funds S-O Code of Ethics |
Edward C. Bernard, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
Gregory K. Hinkle, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer |
Exhibit B |
Chief Legal Counsel to the Price Funds |
David Oestreicher |
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