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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Components of income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes and noncontrolling interest
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes and noncontrolling interests consists of the following components:

 
 
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2015
  
2014
  
2013
 
 
 
  
  
 
Domestic
 
$
(40,929
)
 
$
(50,106
)
 
$
(26,065
)
Foreign
  
115,669
   
217,249
   
202,470
 
 
 
$
74,740
  
$
167,143
  
$
176,405
 

Components of income taxes
Significant components of income taxes are as follows:

 
 
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2015
  
2014
  
2013
 
 
 
  
  
 
Current:
 
  
  
 
Federal
 
$
290
  
$
(27,031
)
 
$
(603
)
State and local
  
163
   
386
   
280
 
Foreign
  
63,573
   
60,282
   
51,225
 
   
64,026
   
33,637
   
50,902
 
Deferred:
            
Federal
  
78,933
   
7,999
   
2,215
 
State and local
  
311
   
204
   
92
 
Foreign
  
39,203
   
7,460
   
(573
)
   
118,447
   
15,663
   
1,734
 
Total income tax expense
 
$
182,473
  
$
49,300
  
$
52,636
 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities
Note 5 – Income Taxes (continued)

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

 
 
December 31,
 
 
 
2015
  
2014
 
     
Deferred tax assets:
    
Pension and other retiree obligations
 
$
40,322
  
$
43,393
 
Inventories
  
7,848
   
8,013
 
Net operating loss carryforwards
  
183,298
   
198,677
 
Tax credit carryforwards
  
23,512
   
25,046
 
Other accruals and reserves
  
35,176
   
32,376
 
Total gross deferred tax assets
  
290,156
   
307,505
 
Less valuation allowance
  
(167,932
)
  
(186,614
)
   
122,224
   
120,891
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
        
Tax over book depreciation
  
(4,038
)
  
(10,257
)
Intangible assets other than goodwill
  
(3,922
)
  
(20,507
)
Earnings not permanently reinvested
  
(162,667
)
  
(25,334
)
Convertible debentures
  
(188,978
)
  
(175,935
)
Other - net
  
(5,323
)
  
(3,590
)
Total gross deferred tax liabilities
  
(364,928
)
  
(235,623
)
         
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
 
$
(242,704
)
 
$
(114,732
)

Federal statutory income tax rate reconciliation
A reconciliation of income tax expense at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to actual income tax provision is as follows:

 
 
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2015
  
2014
  
2013
 
       
Tax at statutory rate
 
$
26,159
  
$
58,500
  
$
61,742
 
State income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit
  
309
   
384
   
242
 
Effect of foreign operations
  
(13,212
)
  
(27,372
)
  
(18,696
)
Tax on earnings not permanently reinvested
  
163,699
   
25,728
   
-
 
Unrecognized tax benefits
  
(1,353
)
  
(21,603
)
  
2,862
 
Change in valuation allowance on non-U.S. deferred tax assets
  
(8,888
)
  
-
   
(285
)
Foreign income taxable in the U.S.
  
7,025
   
13,499
   
11,961
 
Tax effect of impairment charges
  
8,305
   
-
   
-
 
Effect of statutory rate changes on deferred tax assets
  
(408
)
  
226
   
(2,867
)
Other
  
837
   
(62
)
  
(2,323
)
Total income tax expense
 
$
182,473
  
$
49,300
  
$
52,636
 

Net operating loss carryforwards
At December 31, 2015, the Company had the following significant net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes:

 
   
Expires
 
     
Austria
 
$
14,373
  
No expiration
 
Belgium
  
155,397
  
No expiration
 
Brazil
  
10,342
  
No expiration
 
Germany
  
38,612
  
No expiration
 
Israel
  
44,625
  
No expiration
 
Netherlands
  
23,141
   
2016 - 2024
 
The Republic of China (Taiwan)
  
6,129
   
2024 - 2025
 
United States
  
72,175
   
2033 - 2035
 
         
California
  
54,646
   
2016 - 2035
 
Pennsylvania
  
729,897
   
2018 - 2035
 

Summary of significant tax credit carryforwards available
At December 31, 2015, the Company had the following significant tax credit carryforwards available:

 
 
  
Expires
 
     
U.S. Foreign Tax Credit
 
$
11,093
   
2020 - 2022
 
California Research Credit
  
11,415
  
No expiration
 

Unrecognized tax benefits
The following table summarizes changes in the liabilities associated with unrecognized tax benefits:

 
 
Years ended December 31,
 
 
 
2015
  
2014
  
2013
 
 
      
Balance at beginning of year
 
$
26,583
  
$
45,877
  
$
51,771
 
Addition based on tax positions related to the current year
  
1,439
   
1,641
   
-
 
Addition based on tax positions related to prior years
  
1,894
   
6,484
   
4,015
 
Currency translation adjustments
  
(1,370
)
  
(1,387
)
  
310
 
Reduction based on tax positions related to prior years
  
-
   
-
   
(2,054
)
Reduction for settlements
  
(4,879
)
  
(3,556
)
  
(7,316
)
Reduction for lapses of statute of limitation
  
(140
)
  
(22,476
)
  
(849
)
Balance at end of year
 
$
23,527
  
$
26,583
  
$
45,877