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Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Notes to Financial Statements  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
(
2
)
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates


The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain of our accounts, including inventories, long-lived assets, goodwill, identifiable intangibles and deferred tax assets and liabilities including related valuation allowances, are particularly impacted by estimates.
 
Reclassification


Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to be comparable with the current year's presentation.
 
 
Subsequent Events


We have made an assessment of our operations and determined that there were
no
material subsequent events requiring adjustment to, or disclosure in, our consolidated financial statements for the year ended
December 31, 2020.
 
Business Combinations


Acquired businesses are accounted for using the purchase method of accounting, which requires that the purchase price be allocated to the net assets acquired at their respective fair values. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Fair values of intangible assets are estimated by valuation models prepared by our management and
third
-party advisors. The assets purchased and liabilities assumed have been reflected in our consolidated balance sheets, and the operating results are included in the consolidated statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flows from the date of acquisition. Any change in the fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration subsequent to the acquisition date, including changes from events after the acquisition date, will be recognized in the consolidated statement of operations in the period of the estimated fair value change. Acquisition-related transaction costs, including legal and accounting fees and other external costs directly related to the acquisition, are recognized separately from the acquisition and expensed as incurred in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.


Restructuring and Other Charges
 
In accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic
420
(Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations), we recognize a liability for restructuring costs at fair value only when the liability is incurred. Workforce-related charges are accrued when it is determined that a liability has been incurred, which is generally after individuals have been notified of their termination dates and expected severance benefits. Depending on the timing of the termination dates, these charges
may
be recognized upon notification or ratably over the remaining required service period of the employees. Plans to consolidate excess facilities
may
result in lease termination fees and impairment charges related to our right-of-use (“ROU”) assets that are associated with the leases for these facilities. Other long-lived assets that
may
be impaired as a result of restructuring consist of property and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets. Asset impairment charges included in restructuring and other charges are based on an estimate of the amounts and timing of future cash flows related to the expected future remaining use and ultimate sale or disposal of the asset, and, in the case of our ROU assets, would include expected future sublease rental income, if applicable. These estimates are derived using the guidance in ASC Topic
842
(Leases), ASC Topic
360
(Property, Plant and Equipment) and ASC Topic
350
(Intangibles - Goodwill and Other).
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents


Short-term investments that have maturities of
three
months or less when purchased are considered to be cash equivalents and are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Our cash balances, which are deposited with highly reputable financial institutions, at times
may
exceed the federally insured limits. We have
not
experienced any losses related to these cash balances and believe the credit risk to be minimal.
 
Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts


Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do
not
bear interest. We grant credit to customers and generally require
no
collateral. To minimize our risk, we perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers' financial condition. The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in our existing accounts receivable. We determine the allowance based on historical write-off experience and the aging of such receivables, among other factors. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. We do
not
have any significant off-balance sheet credit exposure related to our customers. There was
no
bad debt expense recorded for the year ended
December 31, 2020.
We recorded bad debt expense of
$3
for the year ended
December 31, 2019.
Cash flows from accounts receivable are recorded in operating cash flows.


Fair Value of Financial Instruments


Our financial instruments, principally accounts receivable and accounts payable, are carried at cost which approximates fair value, due to the short maturities of the accounts.


Goodwill, Intangible and Long-Lived Assets


We have
two
operating segments which are also our reporting units: Thermal and EMS. We account for goodwill and intangible assets in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic
350
(Intangibles - Goodwill and Other). Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful economic life and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually in the
fourth
quarter on a reporting unit basis, or more frequently when events and circumstances occur indicating that the recorded goodwill
may
be impaired. Goodwill is considered to be impaired if the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. As a part of the goodwill impairment assessment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more-likely-than-
not
that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, as a result of our qualitative assessment, we determine that it is more-likely-than-
not
that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, a quantitative goodwill impairment test is
not
required. However, if, as a result of our qualitative assessment, we determine it is more-likely-than-
not
that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, or, if we choose
not
to perform a qualitative assessment, we are required to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test to identify potential goodwill impairment and measure the amount of goodwill impairment loss to be recognized. 
 
The quantitative goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is considered
not
impaired. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss will be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The goodwill impairment assessment is based upon the income approach, which estimates the fair value of our reporting units based upon a discounted cash flow approach. This fair value is then reconciled to our market capitalization at year end with an appropriate control premium. The determination of the fair value of our reporting units requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions including the selection of control premiums, discount rates, terminal growth rates, forecasts of revenue and expense growth rates, income tax rates, changes in working capital, depreciation, amortization and capital expenditures. Changes in assumptions concerning future financial results or other underlying assumptions could have a significant impact on either the fair value of the reporting unit or the amount of the goodwill impairment charge.
 
Indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed for impairment annually in the
fourth
quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. As a part of the impairment assessment, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than
not
that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If, as a result of our qualitative assessment, we determine that it is more-likely-than-
not
that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is required; otherwise,
no
further testing is required. The quantitative impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.
 
Long-lived assets, which consist of finite-lived intangible assets, property and equipment and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, are assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets
may
not
be fully recoverable or that the useful lives of these assets are
no
longer appropriate. Each impairment test is based on a comparison of the estimated undiscounted cash flows to the recorded value of the asset. If impairment is indicated, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value. The cash flow estimates used to determine the impairment, if any, contain management's best estimates using appropriate assumptions and projections at that time. 
 
Revenue Recognition


We recognize revenue in accordance with the guidance in ASC Topic
606
(Revenue from Contracts with Customers). We recognize revenue for the sale of products or services when our performance obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied and control of the product or service has been transferred to the customer. Generally, this occurs when we ship a product or perform a service. In certain cases, recognition of revenue is deferred until the product is received by the customer or at some other point in the future when we have determined that we have satisfied our performance obligations under the contract. Our contracts with customers
may
include a combination of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. In addition to the sale of products and services, we also lease certain of our equipment to customers under short-term lease agreements. We recognize revenue from equipment leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
 
Revenue is recorded in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. We do
not
have any material variable consideration arrangements, or any material payment terms with our customers other than standard payment terms which generally range from net
30
to net
90
days. We generally do
not
provide a right of return to our customers. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.
 
Nature of Products and Services
 
We are a global supplier of innovative test and process solutions for use in manufacturing and testing across a wide range of markets including automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical, semiconductor and telecommunications. We sell thermal management products including ThermoStreams, ThermoChambers and process chillers, which we sell under our Temptronic, Sigma and Thermonics product lines, and Ambrell's precision induction heating systems, including EKOHEAT and EASYHEAT products. We sell semiconductor ATE interface solutions which include manipulators, docking hardware and electrical interface products. We provide post-warranty service and support for the equipment we sell. We sell semiconductor ATE interface solutions and certain thermal management products to the Semi Market. We also sell our thermal management products to various other markets including the automotive, defense/aerospace, industrial, medical and telecommunications markets.
 
We lease certain of our equipment under short-term leasing agreements with original lease terms of
six
months or less. Our lease agreements do
not
contain purchase options.
 
Types of Contracts with Customers
 
Our contracts with customers are generally structured as individual purchase orders which specify the exact products or services being sold or equipment being leased along with the selling price, service fee or monthly lease amount for each individual item on the purchase order. Payment terms and any other customer-specific acceptance criteria are also specified on the purchase order. We generally do
not
have any customer-specific acceptance criteria, other than that the product performs within the agreed upon specifications. We test substantially all products manufactured as part of our quality assurance process to determine that they comply with specifications prior to shipment to a customer.
 
Contract Balances
 
We record accounts receivable at the time of invoicing. Accounts receivable, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, is included in current assets on our balance sheet. To the extent that we do
not
recognize revenue at the same time as we invoice, we record a liability for deferred revenue. In certain instances, we also receive customer deposits in advance of invoicing and recording of accounts receivable. Deferred revenue and customer deposits are included in current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.
 
The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects our best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. We determine the allowance based on known troubled accounts, if any, historical experience, and other currently available evidence.
 
Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer
 
The only costs we incur associated with obtaining contracts with customers are sales commissions that we pay to our internal sales personnel or
third
-party sales representatives. These costs are calculated based on set percentages of the selling price of each product or service sold. Commissions are considered earned by our internal sales personnel at the time we recognize revenue for a particular transaction. Commissions are considered earned by
third
-party sales representatives at the time that revenue is recognized for a particular transaction. We record commission expense in our consolidated statements of operations at the time the commission is earned. Commissions earned but
not
yet paid are included in current liabilities on our balance sheets.
 
Product Warranties
 
In connection with the sale of our products, we generally provide standard
one
- or
two
-year product warranties which are detailed in our terms and conditions and communicated to our customers. Our standard warranties are
not
offered for sale separately from our products; therefore, there is
not
a separate performance obligation related to our standard warranties. We record estimated warranty expense for our standard warranties at the time of sale based upon historical claims experience. In very limited cases, we offer customers an option to separately purchase an extended warranty for certain of our products. In the case of extended warranties, we recognize revenue in the amount of the sale price for the extended warranty on a straight-line basis over the extended warranty period. We record costs incurred to provide service under an extended warranty at the time the service is provided. Warranty expense is included in selling expense in our consolidated statements of operations.
 
See Notes
5
and
16
for further information about our revenue from contracts with customers.
 
Inventories


Inventories are valued at cost on a
first
-in,
first
-out basis,
not
in excess of market value. Cash flows from the sale of inventories are recorded in operating cash flows. On a quarterly basis, we review our inventories and record excess and obsolete inventory charges based upon our established objective excess and obsolete inventory criteria. These criteria identify material that has
not
been used in a work order during the prior
twelve
months and the quantity of material on hand that is greater than the average annual usage of that material over the prior
three
years. In certain cases, additional excess and obsolete inventory charges are recorded based upon current market conditions, anticipated product life cycles, new product introductions and expected future use of the inventory. The excess and obsolete inventory charges we record establish a new cost basis for the related inventories. We incurred excess and obsolete inventory charges of
$444
and
$391
for the years ended
December 31, 2020
and
2019,
respectively.
 
Property and Equipment


Machinery and equipment are stated at cost, except for machinery and equipment acquired in a business combination, which are stated at fair value at the time of acquisition. As previously discussed above under "Goodwill, Intangible and Long-Lived Assets," machinery and equipment that has been determined to be impaired is written down to its fair value at the time of the impairment. Depreciation is based upon the estimated useful life of the assets using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives range from
one
to
ten
years. Leasehold improvements are recorded at cost and amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. Total depreciation expense was
$630
and
$685
for the years ended
December 31, 2020
and
2019,
respectively.
 
Leases
 
We account for leases in accordance with ASC Topic
842
(Leases). We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. A lease contract is within scope if the contract has an identified asset (property, plant or equipment) and grants the lessee the right to control the use of the asset during the lease term. The identified asset
may
be either explicitly or implicitly specified in the contract. In addition, the supplier must
not
have any practical ability to substitute a different asset and would
not
economically benefit from doing so for the lease contract to be in scope. The lessee's right to control the use of the asset during the term of the lease must include the ability to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset as well as decision-making authority over how the asset will be used. Leases are classified as either operating leases or finance leases based on the guidance in ASC Topic
842.
Operating leases are included in operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment and financing lease liabilities. We do
not
currently have any financing leases.
 
ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.
None
of our leases provide an implicit rate; therefore, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Our lease terms
may
include options to extend or terminate the lease. We include these options in the determination of the amount of the ROU asset and lease liability when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Certain of our operating leases contain predetermined fixed escalations of minimum rentals and rent holidays during the original lease terms. Rent holidays are periods during which we have control of the leased facility but are
not
obligated to pay rent. For these leases, our ROU asset and lease liability are calculated including any rent holiday in the determination of the life of the lease.
 
We have lease agreements which contain both lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately. In addition to the monthly rental payments due, most of our leases for our offices and warehouse facilities include non-lease components representing our portion of the common area maintenance, property taxes and insurance charges incurred by the landlord for the facilities which we occupy. These amounts are
not
included in the calculation of the ROU assets and lease liabilities as they are based on actual charges incurred in the periods to which they apply.
 
Operating lease payments are included in cash outflows from operating activities on our consolidated statements of cash flows. Amortization of right of use assets is presented separately from the change in operating lease liabilities and is included in Depreciation and Amortization on our consolidated statements of cash flows.
 
We have made an accounting policy election
not
to apply the recognition requirements of ASC Topic
842
to short-term leases (leases with a term of
one
year or less at the commencement date of the lease). Lease expense for short-term lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
 
See “Effect of Recently Adopted Amendments to Authoritative Accounting Guidance” below and Note
8
for further disclosures regarding our leases.
 
Contingent Liability for Repayment of State and Local Grant Funds Received
 
In connection with leasing a new facility in Rochester, New York, which our subsidiary, Ambrell, occupied in
May 2018,
we entered into agreements with the city of Rochester and the state of New York under which we received grants totaling
$463
to help offset a portion of the cost of the leasehold improvements we have made to this facility. In exchange for the funds we received under these agreements, we are required to create and maintain specified levels of employment in this location through various dates ending in
2023.
If we fail to meet these employment targets, we
may
be required to repay a proportionate share of the proceeds. As of
December 31, 2020,
$423
of the total proceeds received could still be required to be repaid if we do
not
meet the targets. We have recorded this amount as a contingent liability which is included in other liabilities on our balance sheet. Those portions of the proceeds which are
no
longer subject to repayment are reclassified to deferred grant proceeds and amortized to income on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term for the Rochester facility. Deferred grant proceeds are included in other current liabilities and other liabilities on our balance sheet and totaled
$27
at
December 31, 2020.
 
As of
December 31, 2020,
we were
not
in compliance with the employment targets as specified in the grant agreement with the city of Rochester. We applied for and received a waiver of this requirement for the year ended
December 31, 2020.
We have until
December 31, 2021
to come into compliance with the targets as outlined in the waiver received for the year ended
December 31, 2020.
If we do
not
achieve compliance, we will need to apply for an additional waiver or we
may
be required to repay a proportionate share of the proceeds.
 
 
Stock-Based Compensation


We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic
718
(Compensation - Stock Compensation) which requires that employee share-based equity awards be accounted for under the fair value method and requires the use of an option pricing model for estimating fair value of stock options, which is then amortized to expense over the service periods. See further disclosures related to our stock-based compensation plans in Note
13.


Engineering and Product Development


Engineering and product development costs, which consist primarily of the salary and related benefits costs of our technical staff, as well as the cost of materials used in product development, are expensed as incurred.


Foreign Currency


For our foreign subsidiaries whose functional currencies are
not
the U.S. dollar, assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. The results of operations are translated using an average exchange rate for the period. The effects of rate fluctuations in translating assets and liabilities of these international operations into U.S. dollars are included in accumulated other comprehensive earnings in stockholders' equity. Transaction gains or losses are included in net earnings. For the years ended
December 31, 2020
and
2019,
foreign currency transaction losses were
$26
and
$3,
respectively.


Income Taxes


The asset and liability method is used in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets if it is more likely than
not
that such assets will
not
be realized. See Note
11
for additional information regarding income taxes.
 
Net Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share


Net earnings (loss) per common share - basic is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Net earnings (loss) per common share - diluted is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding during each period. Common share equivalents represent unvested shares of restricted stock and stock options and are calculated using the treasury stock method. Common share equivalents are excluded from the calculation if their effect is anti-dilutive.

The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, a reconciliation of weighted average common shares outstanding - basic to weighted average common shares and common share equivalents outstanding - diluted and the average number of potentially dilutive securities that were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share because their effect was anti-dilutive:
 
   
Years Ended

December 31,
 
   
2020
   
2019
 
                 
Weighted average common shares outstanding–basic
   
10,256,560
     
10,373,164
 
Potentially dilutive securities:
               
Unvested shares of restricted stock and employee stock options
   
-
     
18,811
 
Weighted average common shares and common share equivalents outstanding–diluted
   
10,256,560
     
10,391,975
 
Average number of potentially dilutive securities excluded from calculation
   
717,015
     
523,485
 
 
Effect of Recently Issued Amendments to Authoritative Accounting Guidance
 
In
June 2016,
the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued amendments to the guidance for accounting for credit losses. In
November 2019,
the FASB deferred the effective date of these amendments for certain companies, including smaller reporting companies. As a result of the deferral, the amendments are effective for us for reporting periods beginning after
December 15, 2022.
The amendments replace the incurred loss impairment methodology under current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires the use of a forward-looking expected credit loss model for accounts receivables, loans, and other financial instruments. The amendments require a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the
first
reporting period in which the guidance is effective. We plan to adopt the amendments when they become effective for us on
January 1, 2023.
We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of these amendments will have on our consolidated financial statements.
 
In
December 2019,
the FASB issued amendments to the accounting for income taxes, which add new guidance to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in ASC Topic
740
(Income Taxes) and changing the accounting for certain income tax transactions. The amendments are effective for us as of
January 1, 2021.
Early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt the amendments when they become effective for us on
January 1, 2021.
We do
not
expect these amendments to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.